IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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HiotQgraphic 
.Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  U580 

(716)  872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


Th( 
to 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


D 


D 
D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagie 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  peiiiculAe 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  gAographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


D 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relii  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serrde  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  IntArieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
li  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
lore  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
male,  lorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  film^es. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplimentaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  4t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


D 
D 
D 
0 
D 
0 
D 
D 
D 
D 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagies 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restauries  et/ou  pelliculies 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  dicolor^es,  tachet^es  ou  piqutes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachdes 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Qualit^  inigale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Ccmprend  du  materiel  suppl^mentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refiimed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  M  filmtes  A  nouveau  de  fa^on  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


Th 
po 
of 
filr 


Orl 
bei 
th( 
sio 
oti 
fin 
sic 
or 


Th 
shi 
TH 
w^ 

Ml 
dif 
em 
bei 
rig 
rec 
mc 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmA  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

/ 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

National  Library  of  Canada 


L'exempiaire  fiimd  fut  reproduit  grdce  A  ia 
ginirositd  de: 

Bibliothdque  nationaie  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quaii'^y 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Las  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettet6  de  l'exempiaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimis  sont  filmds  en  commen^ant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmis  en  commenqant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparattra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmds  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffirents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  fiimi  d  partir 
de  I'angle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nicessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mithode. 


1 

2 

—    ■  —    ■  1 
3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

'I 


'# 


^ 


•*■ 


A  MlAV 


GAZE  T  T  i:  E  R, 


OR 


GEOCRAlMIfCAL    DICTION  A  KV, 


OF 


NORTH  AMKRKJA  AND  'J'lll-:  WI'ST  INDUES, 


CONT.VININO 

I      A    (^i;\r.l{  \l.  KKSnul'TKlN  0|-  VOIITII    AMKUK-A      H      a  (iKM'.IIAI,  lli;S('HII-noN  OK 

'iiii:  r\ri'i;i»  s'I'\ti;S;  'nil'.  i»i;(r,AitATii»\  <ii'  inhki'iaiikm  r.  ammonsti'iu 

TION  dl"!'!!!;  I'MTKI)  STATIIS.     Ill-    \  l»i;S(|{1l' rii»\  ()!•'  AM,  ■I'lIK  STATl^i, 

<oi!Nrii:H,  crniis,  towns,  vii,i.a<;i;s,  roitis.  skas.  harhok.s, 

(.'AI'KS,  IllVUIlS,  l,AKKS,('ANAI.S,  IIAU,  KUAIIS,  Mi  »l  XTAINS,  &t. 

(^ONNWTKD  WITH  NOUTH  AVIKKICA; 


UIIH   rilK  K\  l>;\r,  IKIC.NDARIF.S  and  NAIIRAI.  rHiPDHCTIONS  IIK  KACII  STAI'K;    TMK  HKAniN(i  AND  DISTANCE 

OK  KKM,UtkAIILJ;  I'l^tKS  KRd.M  KACll  (IIIIFK  AND  UK  KAt  H  KliiiM   IHK  (  ii  y  ot  VVAblll.SOni.N, 

WMII  IIIK  I'Di'lLATION  ACConOlNU  Tl)  THK  (  KNM'S  UK  IsTO. 


'H 


CONTAINING 


t; 


I.IK i:\VISI';  MANV  TAUI.nS  RKLA't'lNO  TO  THE  CuMMEUCE,  POPULATION,  REVENUE, 
DEliT,  AM)  \  AIUUL'S  INSTITUTIONS  OF  THE  ITNITEI)  KPATES. 


COMPIIiED  FROIVI  THE  MOST  RECENT  AND  AUTHENTIC  SOURCES. 


BY   BISHOP  DAVENPORT. 


UaltCmorr : 

runi.isiiKD  Hv  (jIkorue  mdovvkll  &  son. 

pRt»vioi;.M'K: 
fll'TCHKNS  &  SllKI   VKD. 


lSli2. 


t 


I 


Entered  according  to  the  act  of  congress,  in  the  yccr  18.12,  by  George 
M'Dowell  &  George  IT.  M'Dowell,  in  the  clerk's  office  of  t}ic  district  court  of 
Maryland. 


STEREOTYPED  BY  J.   HOWE. 


PREFACE. 


orgR 
rtof 


That  a  good  Gazetteer  of  North  America  is  mncli  needed  at  the 
present  time,  will,  it  is  i)resumed,  not  be  denied.  But  whetiier  this 
volume  answers  to  that  description,  must  remain  for  an  enhghtened 
pubhc  to  decide.  Tlic  compiler  has  aimed  to  collect  such  a  mass  of 
geographical  and  other  information,  in  regard  to  North  America,  as 
will  not  only  render  the  book  useful  in  families  and  to  individuals  as  one 
of  reference,  but  such  as  may  likewise  be  of  utility  to  the  higher  classes 
in  schools.  The  work,  it  is  presumed,  will  be  found  to  be  much  more 
full  in  regard  to  the  United  States,  than  any  gazetteer  extant.  Par- 
ticular care  has  been  taken  to  give  a  full  accoimt  of  the  literary  re- 
sources of  the  United  States ;  and  the  accounts  of  the  various  colleges 
and  seminaries  of  learning  will  be  found  to  be  much  more  full  than 
those  in  gazetteers  in  general. 

In  the  compilation  of  this  volume,  the  following  works  have  been 
largely  consulted,  and  numerous  extracts,  with  slight  alterations, 
taken :  viz.  Malte  Brun's  Geography,  Morse's  and  Worcester's  ge- 
ograpical  works.  Darby's  Universal  Gazetteer,  Flint's  Geography,  Na- 
tional Calendar  for  1831  and  1832,  American  Almanac  for  1831  and 
183'2,  Niles's  Weekly  Register,  American  Constitutions,  American  En- 
cyclopedia, and  the  various  state  registers.  In  addition  to  the  above, 
the  compiler  has  obtained  information  from  a  great  variety  of  sources, 
too  numerous  to  be  specified.  Particular  care  has  been  taken  to  have 
the  information  made  use  of  in  this  work,  the  most  recent  and  authen- 
tic that  could  be  obtained.  The  names  of  the  different  persons  from 
whose  works  extracts  have  been  made,  are  not  annexed  to  those  ex- 
tracts, because  in  some  instances  the  phraseology  has  been  altered ; 
and  in  that  case  it  might  be  considered  an  act  of  injustice,  as  it  would 
ascribe  to  the  individual  named  that  which  is  not  his  own,  and  for 
which  he  should  not  be  answerable. 

With  this  brief  notice  the  work  is  submitted  to  the  inspection  of  an 
intelligent  j)ublic. 

BISHOP  DAVENPORT. 

Wilmington,  Del.  Srplrmher  \st,  1833. 


AmvnKvivrioNs  :mai)k  isk  ok  in  riiis  >v(»ijk 


l>or. 

I?<ir()ii!rli. 

rap. 

Ciil.itjil. 

V.  11. 

( 'iMirt  1  loiiso. 

en. 

Cnllllty. 

rt.orCon 

('i»iiiit'cticiit. 

I).'l. 

Di'liiwiirf. 

1).  ('. 

District  of  Coll 

isl. 

Isliiml. 

11. 

Illiiiois. 

In. 

lixliaiiM. 

K(M1. 

KcntiK  ky. 

lAl. 

LoiiisiniK). 

L.  C. 

lioucr  Canada. 

iliniiliia. 


III. 

Milt<^. 

I'a. 

IV'iinsylvMiiia. 

Mass. 

Mas.-sicluisotts. 

l»oi). 

I'o|inlalion. 

Mr. 

Maine. 

r. 

Kivrr. 

Mich. 

.Miclli^riiii. 

R.  1. 

KhiHio  Island. 

Mis. 

Missi.ssipiii. 

S.  C. 

Sontli  Ciiroinia. 

Miso. 

Mis.soiiri. 

s-i>. 

Srji|H.rt  town. 

nit. 

Mountain. 

.s«|.  nis 

S(|iian'  iiiiios. 

M<l. 

Marylan.l. 

Ton. 

'rfiincssfc. 

.\.  1 1 

iNfU   1  lainpsliiro. 

t. 

Town  or  'ro\vnshi|i 

.N.C 

.North  Carolina. 

Va. 

Virumia. 

.\.  .1. 

iN'fU  .lor.scv. 

V.  S. 

I'intcd  States. 

N.  V 

.\<'\v  \drk." 

V. 

Vil'airi'. 

No. 

Number. 

Vt. 

N'oniioiit. 

t  > 


[\ 


i:.\rL.\N.\TORY  NOTE. 

When  tliP  |inpnIntion  is  oxprossfd  witlinnt  a  date,  it  is  for  l**nO. 

In  the  si.\  .\('\v  Knoiand  states,  and  also  in  the  state  ot"  New  Vork,  New  .lersey, 
I'ciinsylvania.  and  <  >hio,  the  counties  are  subdivided  into  toinisliips,  and  in  Del.-iware. 
into  hundreds;  but  in  the  rest  ut"  the  states  no  such  snlxlivision  as  that  of  townshi|>  is 
known. 

In  the  New  Hn^Iand  states  these  townshi])s  are  roniinonly  .styled  loinis.  Tliey 
dift'er  considerably  in  size;  <renerally  varyin;;  tVnin  about  o  to  (}  miles  s<inarp.  In 
South  Carolina  the  state  is  divided  into  dislrirty  instead  of  counties,  and  in  Louisiana 
these  divisions  are  termed  parislns.  In  New  Hnjrland  the  priiicipal  villajre  almost 
always  takes  the  name  of  the  t<iwnsiiip  in  whicii  it  is  situated.  In  the  states  of  New 
York,  Now  .lorsoy,  Pennsylvania,  and  Ohio,  the  towns  or  villages  conunonly  take  dif- 
ferent names  from  the  townships  in  which  they  are  situated.  In  the  states  south  ot" 
Pennsylvania,  and  the  Ohio  river,  the  word  Inwn  is  used  for  a  com jxict  collection  of 
houses. 


1     i 


••r,|,  v.-.    *■»   •   '       • 


■^.v 


MiK 


itiiii. 
I. 

iikI. 
■"Im;i. 

UM. 

l'<>vvrislii|>. 

l1(>S. 


•  Jersey, 
'eliiwurc. 

Vllsllip   JM 


I 


V 


•li" 


■ 


.  TIloy 
II  ro.  in 
.••uisiana 

'    IlllllOSt 

of  New 
take  (lit! 
■«)iitli  dt" 
ction  fit" 


-■^  • 


1 


■y- 


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-*K 


'-916!^. 


w 


ll 

III 


ill- 


p --_J^^^^ 

<:.\ 

^   tm  m 

'HShb 

^H 

1 

^^^  "* 

^ 

n 

o 

u 


<^& 


IP  Long.  West       i  lo  from  Lbmob 


k:. 


I 

i 


t  V  •i 


:^^^m^ 


•  i 


NORTH   AMERICA 


(IKNI'.llAL  DiiscuirrioN. 


I'.xtchl 


4 


North  Amkhuvv  cxtendM  from  the  IstlimiiM  of  Daricn,  N.  lat.  ^ 
tn  till'  iifmi>>i  kiniwii  n'giiiiis  y\'i  iIk*  ikmmIi,  and  .s|iii!i(ls  frum  Mdi- 
rin^'s  Striiils  lo  tliose  of  Hcllislc,  or  riitlicr,  to  cmliruci!  ( Incnl.iml.  Its  lnratllli 
is  vrry  incj^nilar,  not  i'X«'c<'(liii<jf  1")  or  20  miles  mar  I'anaina  ;  wliilsl  tVom  W\\- 
rinji's  Straits  to  the  Straits  of  HiUisIc,  it  extends  to  a  distance  of  M, MOO  ^rco- 
lirapliical,  or  M,HOO  I'.nylish  miles,  liearinu'  N.  70  W.  l-'rom  the  Straits  of 
Hellisid  li)  tlu"  istlunus  of  iJtirien,  is  4,')U0  {^eo<rraphieal,  eqnal  to  WlVl  l'!n;ili>li 
miles. 

North  America  is  traversed  hv  two  jfreat  chains,  and  several  minor  .. 
ran;z<'s  of  mountams.  1  lie  Apprilachian  or  Alleirliany  mountams, 
rxfend  through  the  United  States  from  NM.  to  S\V.  from  the  state  ol"  New  York 
to  (l(!or<jia,  Alabama,  nnd  Mississippi,  with  a  mean  width  of  a  Ik  mi  oO  miles. 
Sevc.ral  detaeheil  rnnj^t's  or  iri'ou|is  rise  Nl'i.  oil'  the  Hudson,  and  SM.  oil'  the 
St.  Lawrence.  The  Mnsserne,  orO/ark  mountains,  extend  from  the  centre  ol' 
the  state  of  Missouri  towards  'I'exas,  in  a  direction  nearly  parallel  to  the  Appa- 
hiciiian  chain.  The  ien<ith  of  the  Apjialaidiian  is  ahont  000  miles,  with  a  mejin 
elevation  f>l"  from  l,i3(H)  to  2,000  lict.  Tlie  extent  of  the  Masserne  (diain,  is 
not  very  accurately  known,  bnt  must  exceed  000  miles;  its  mean  heiif lit  can- 
not, in  the  present  state  of  jjeo;irapliical  knowledtfe,  he  estimated  with  any  ap- 
proximate  degree  of  accuracy.  The  ifreat  spine  of  North  America,  is  theC-'hip- 
pewan,  llocky,  or  as  it  is  t(  rmed  in  ^h'xico,  that  of  Anahuac.  This  immensi; 
chain  nacluvs  from  th(!  peninsula  of  'I'ehuantepec,  N.  lat.  10"',  to  the  l-'rozen 
Ocean  at  N.  lat.  OH-^,  or  ihroujih  upwards  of  ^O  deirriHs  of  latitude;  encirclin<^ 
nearly  one-seventh  part  of  the  trlohe.  In  neither  the  A|>pala(hian,  or  Masserne 
chains,  nor  in  any  of  their  nei^hhorinu  groups,  have  any  active  or  extinct  vol- 
canoes betm  discovered;  hut  in  the  southern  part  of  the  ^reat  central  chain,  an 
immense  ranijcof  volcanof-s  or  volcanic  summits  rise;  to  Irom  10,000  to  17,700 
(("Ct.  It  is  generally  supposed  that  the  mountains  of  tlu^  isthmus  of  Darien,  are 
continuations  of  the  chain  of  Anahua<" ;  hut  there  is  stroni;;  reason  to  helieve, 
that  the  H^rmer  are  distinct  and  unconnected  with  the  latter.  A  nan\e|ess  range 
skirts  along  the  I'acilic  ( )cean,  which,  from  the  detective  surveys  yet  taken, 
cannot  \^\  very  ilistinctly  delinc^ati^d.  That  part  of  North  America  west  of  the 
('hippewan  mmmtains,  and  Ufirth  of  Colorado  river,  except  the  central  parts  of 
the  valley  of  Columbia,  remains  cither  imperleclly  or  entirely  uidxiiown. 

North  America  has  tive  great  systems  of  riv(>rs ;  that  of  the  At- 
lantic Ocean ;  that  of  tht;  (ni!f  of  M(>xico ;  that  of  the  Fro/<m  Ocean; 
that  of  Hudson's  Pay;  and  that  of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  In  the  Atlantic  syst(Mii, 
th(;  principal  rivers  are,  St.  Johns  of  Florida,  Altamaha,  Savannah,  Sante(\ 
I'edee,  Cape  l-'ear,  Uoanoke,  James,  Potomac,  Susquehanna,  Delaware,  Hudson, 
Connecticut,  KiiuIkc,  Penobscot,  St.  John's  of  N(!W  I>runswick,  and  St.  Law- 
rence. In  the  system  of  Hudson's  Ray  are  included,  besides  many  streams  of 
lesser  note,  Rupert's,  Albany,  Severn,  and  Sashasshawin  rivers.  Into  the  North- 
ern Ocean,  M'Kenzie's  river  is  the  only  stream  of  considerable  magnitude  yet 
known,  to  enter  from  the  continent  of  North  America.  The  rivers  of  the  cen- 
tral valley  of  North  America,  are  dischargfHl  into  the  (lulf  of  Mexico,  amongst 
which  the  Mississippi  presents  its  overwhelming  flood;  bnt  In'sides  that  vast 
river,  the  Appalachicola,  iVIohile,  Colorado  of  the  (lulf  of  Mexico,  Rio  Grande 
del  Norte,  and  several  others,  are  streams  of  gn>at  magnilu(le.  The  Santiago, 
Hiaijui,  the  Colorailo  of  the  gulf  of  Calhbrnia,  and  llit  Cohnnbia,  are  the  only 


l^. 


it 


Divisions. 


iBlands. 


Inhabitants. 


Indians. 


«  (iKNKRAL  DESCRIPTION  OF 

rxtciisivf  rivers,  ilir  cuur.scis  of  which  urc  correctly  known,  which  enter  the 
I'jicilic  Ocean  from  the  continent  of  North  America. 

North  Anic^rica  comprise."  tlnvi;  j^reat  divisions ;  1st,  British  Amer- 
ica, in  the  north;  l;i(l,  the  i'iii'tcd  States,  in  the  middle;  and  9d, 
Mexico  and  Ciuatimala,  or  Central  America,  in  the  south:  in  addition  to  these, 
Greenland,  in  the  north-east,  belongs  to  JJenmark  ;  and  there  are  Russian  jx)s- 
scssions  in  the  north-we.st. 

The  most  imi)ortant  islands  are  Newfoundland,  Cape  Breton,  St. 
J<»hn's,  Rhode  Island,  Long  Lsland,  and  the  Bermudas,  on  the  east- 
ern coast;  tiuecn  Charlotte's  Island,  (Juadra  and  Vanc</uver's  Island,  King 
(Jeorge's  Island,  and  the  Fox  Islands,  on  tli(>  western  coa.:;t. 
nnys, niiifs,  'i'l'<^'  'ive  largest  Bays,  or  Cudls,  are  Baffin's  and  Hudson's  bays; 
una  Lukes.  n,i(i  the  gulfs  of  St.  Lawrence,  Mexico,  and  California.  The  Lakes 
of  North  America  are  the  largest  collections  of  fresh  water  in  th  '  world.  Some 
of  the  prin('i|)al  ones  are  lakes  Siipirior,  Huron,  Michigan,  Erie,  Ontario,  Win- 
nipeg, Athapescow,  Slave  Lalu-,  and  lireat  Bear  Lake.  The  larg(;st  of  the.so 
great  lakes  is  lake  Suiu-rior,  which  is  490  miles  in  length,  and  is  as  much  af- 
fected by  storms  as  the  ocean.  It  is  remarkable  for  the  transparency  of  its 
waters,  and  abounds  in  lisli.  The  Pictured  Rocks,  on  the  south  side  of  lake 
Superior,  are  a  range  of  '^rccipitous  clifls,  rising  to  the  height  of  liOO  feet,  and 
are  regarded  as  a  great  curiosity. 

The  inhabitants  may  l)e  divided  into  three  classes — WhikSy  Ne- 
groes, and  Indians.  The  whites  are  descendants  of  Europeans, 
who  have  migrated  to  America  since  its  discovery.  The  negroes  are  mostly 
held  in  slavery,  and  are  descendants  of  Africans  fwced  from  their  native 
country. 

Tlic  Indians  arc  the  aborigines  of  the  country,  and  generally 
savage.     Tlu^y  arc  of  a  copper  complexion,  fierce  aspect,  tall, 
straight,  athletic,  and  cnjKiblc  of  enduring  great  fatigue.     They  are  hospitable 
and  generous,  faitliliil  in  their  frii'ndsliip,  but  implacable  in  their  resentments. 
Their  common  occupations  are  hunting,  tishing,  and  war.     At  the  time  of  the 
discovery  of  America,  the  natives,  in  some  parts,  particularly  in  Mexico  and 
Peru,  were  considerably  advanced  in  civilization.    For  the  mo.st  part,  thsy  con- 
tinue a  distinct  people,  and  retain  their  savage  customs;  but  in  some  instances 
they  have  mingled  with  the  white  population.    In  North  America,  they  possess 
almost  all  the  country,  except  the  southern  and  easttTU  parts  ;  that  is,  the  north- 
ern part  of  Mexico),  most  of  the  territory  of  the  United  States  which  lies  west 
of  the  Mississippi,  and  nearly  all  the  vast  regions  which  lie  north  of  the  United 
States'  territory,  and  west  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 
Customs         '^'i*'  I't'llo^^'iiii!:  account  is  mostly  ii\\\C\\  from  the  American  Ency- 
anii  Dispo-  clopcdia : — When  the  Europeans  tirst  arrived   in  America,  they 
N.  Americaif  found  the  Indians  quite  naked,  except  lho.se  parts  which  even  the 
Indians.     mosX.  uncultivatcu  peo|)!e  usually  conceal.    Since  that  time,  however, 
they  generally  use  a  coarse  blanket,  which  they  buy  of  the  neighboring  planters. 
Their  huts,  or  cabins,  are  made  of  stakes  of  wood  driven  into 
the  ground,  and  covered  with  branches  of  trees  or  recxls.     They  lie 
on  the  floor,  either  on  mats  or  the  skins  of  wild  beasts.     Their  dishes  arc  of 
timber ;  but  their  spoons  arc  made  of  the  skulls  of  wild  oxen,  and  their  knives 
of  flint.     A  kettle  and  a  large  plate  constitute  almost  the  whole  utensils  of  the 
family.     Cartwright  assures  us,  that  in  Labrador,  he  met  with  a  family  of  na- 
tives who  were  living  in  a  cavern  hollowed  out  of  the  snow.     This  extraordi- 
nary habitation  was  seven  feet  high,  ten  or  twelve  in  diameter,  and  was  shaped 
like  an  oven.     A  large  piece  of  ice  served  as  a  door.     A  lamp  lighted  the  in- 
side, in  which  the  inhabitants  were  lying  on  skins.     At  a  short  distance  was  a 
kitchen,  likewise  constructed  of  snow.     They  describe  a  circle  on  the  frozen 
snow,  and  cutting  it  into  segments  with  their  knives,  build  it  up  with  great  reg- 


Huts,  &c. 


'\,* 
* 


Lmer- 
d  ;id, 
these, 

pos- 


King 


NORTH  AMKRICA.  7 

ularity,  till  the  blocks  of  snow  meet  at  llio  top,  iiiul  constitute  a  jTraccful  dome. 
Captain  Parry  says  their  huts  are  numerous  in  many  parts  of  Melville  Islands, 
in  latitude  74^  N.,  and  that  ho  saw  many  of  Jie  natives  in  the  isl;mds  of  the 
Archipelago  of  Barrow's  Straits,  though  their  timidity  prevented  any  int(>r- 
course.  These  polar  men  are  little,  squat,  and  feeble ;  their  complexion  |)ar- 
lakes  less  of  a  copper  hue,  than  of  a  reddish  and  dirty  yellow. 

There  is  establisiiv-d  m  each  society  a  certain  species  of  govern-  Form  of 
rnent,  which  prevails  over  the  whole  continent  of  America,  with  ex-  Goveniiiient. 
ceeding  little  variation ;  because  over  the  whole  of  this  continent  the  manners 
and  way  of  life  are  nearly  similar  and  uniform.  Without  arts,  riches,  or  lux- 
ury, the  great  instruments  of  subjection  in  polished  societies,  an  American  has 
no  method  by  which  he  can  render  himself  considerable  among  his  coinpan- 
ions,  but  by  superiority  in  personal  qualities  of  body  or  mind.  But,  as  nature 
has  not  been  very  lavish  in  her  personal  distinctions,  where  all  enjoy  the  same 
education,  all  arc  pretty  much  on  an  equality,  and  will  desire  to  remain  so. 
Liberty,  therefore,  is  the  prevailing  passion  of  the  Americans ;  and  their  gov- 
ernment, under  the  influence  of  this  sentiment,  is,  perhaps,  better  secured  than 
by  the  wisest  political  regulations.  They  are  very  far,  however,  from  despi- 
sing all  sort  of  authority  :  they  are  attentive  to  the  voice  of  wisdom,  which  ex- 
perience has  conferred  on  the  aged,  and  they  enlist  under  the  banners  of  the 
chief  in  whose  valor  and  military  address  they  have  learned  to  repose  a  just 
and  merited  confidence.  In  every  society,  therefore,  there  is  to  be  considered 
the  power  of  the  chiefs  ar.vi  of  the  elders.  Among  those  tribes  most  engaged  in 
war,  the  power  of  the  chief  is,  naturally,  predominant ;  because  the  idea  of 
having  a  military  leader  was  the  first  source  of  his  superiority,  and  the  con- 
tinual exigencies  of  the  strte  requiring  such  a  leader,  will  continue  to  support 
and  even  to  enhance  it.  His  power,  however,  is  rather  persuasive  than  coer- 
cive ;  he  is  reverenced  as  a  father,  rather  than  feared  as  a  monarch.  He  has 
no  guards,  no  prisons,  no  oflicers  of  justice,  and  one  act  of  ill-judged  violence 
would  pull  him  from  his  humble  throne.  The  elders  in  the  other  form  of  gov- 
ernment, whicli  may  be  considered  as  a  mild  and  nominal  aristocracy,  have  no 
more  power.  In  most  countries,  therefore,  age  alone  is  sufficient  for  acquiring 
respect,  influence,  and  authority.  It  is  age  which  teaches  experience,  and  ex- 
perience is  the  only  source  of  knowledge  among  a  savage  people. 

Among  the  ditferent  tribes,  business  is  conducted  with  the  utmost  public  As- 
simplicity,  and  which  may  recall,  to  those  who  are  acquainted  with  sembiics. 
antiquity,  a  picture  of  the  most  early  ages.  The  heads  of  families  meet  to- 
gether in  a  house  or  cabin  appointed  for  the  purpose.  Here  the  business  is  dis- 
cussed ;  and  here  those  of  the  nation,  distinguished  for  their  eloquence  or  wis- 
dom, have  an  opportunity  of  displaying  those  talents.  Their  orators,  like  those 
of  Homer,  express  themselves  in  a  bold  figurative  style,  stronger  than  refined, 
or  rather  softened,  nations  can  well  bear,  and  with  gestures  equally  violent,  but 
often  extremely  natural  and  expressive.  When  the  business  is  over,  and  they 
happen  to  be  well  provided  with  food,  they  appoint  a  feast  upon  the  occasion, 
of  which  almost  the  whole  nation  partakes.  The  feast  is  accompanied  with  a 
song,  in  which  the  real  or  fabulous  exploits  of  their  forefathers  are  celebrated. 
They  have  dances  likewise,  though,  like  those  of  ihe  Greeks  and  Romans,  they 
are  chiefly  of  the  military  kind ;  and  their  music  and  dancing  accompany 
every  feast. 

To  assist  their  memory,  they  have  belts  of  small  shells,  or  beads    WRmpum, 
of  diflcrent  colors,  each  representing  a  different  object,  v/hich  is      ""^  ^'-'"*- 
marked  by  their  color  and  arrangement.     At  the  conclusion  of  every  subject 
on  which  they  discourse,  when  they  treat  with  a  foreign  state,  they  deliver  one 
of  those  belts;  for  if  this  ceremony  should  be  omitted,  all  that  they  have  said 
passes  for  nothing.     These  belts  are  carefully  deposited  in  each  town,  as  the 


^A 


•■'■  i 


i 
i 


I 


It 


ill.: 


I!! 

m 


li'? 


8 


(iENKRAL  DESCRIPTION  OF 


Tlicir  W'uii). 


public  records  of  tin'  natiuii ;  and  fo  tlicin  lliey  occasionally  liavo  rccor.rse, 
when  any  imlilic  contest  happens  with  a  n<'ii:hlH)rini!;  Irihe. 

ir  we  except  huntinir  and  fishing,  war  is  the  principal  employ- 
ment of  the  Indian  men  :  ahnost  every  other  concern,  hut  in  partic- 
niar  the  little  ajiricnllurc  wlfich  they  enjoy,  is  consiirncd  to  llu-  women.  The 
most  common  motive  of  the  Americans  i()r  entering  'n\\o  war,  when  it  iltx-s  not 
airise  from  an  acciilental  rencounter  or  interlerence,  is  eilluir  to  revenge  tliem- 
selves  fi)r  the  death  of  some  lost  friend,  or  to  accpiire  prisoners,  who  nuiy  assist 
them  in  their  hunting,  and  whom  they  adopt  into  their  society.  These;  wars 
arc;  either  undertaken  by  some  private  adventurers,  or  at  the  inslanct!  ol'  thi'. 
whole  community.  In  the  latter  case,  nil  the  young  men  who  are  disposed  to 
go  out  to  battle  (for  no  one  is  ccjmpelled  contrary  to  his  inclination),  give  a  bit 
of  W(K)d  to  the  chief,  as  a  token  of  their  design  to  accompany  him ;  lor  every 
thing  among  tliese  people  is  transacted  with  a  great  deal  of  ceremony  and  with 
many  forms. 

The  cliief,  who  is  to  conduct  them,  fiists  several  days,  during 
buforf!<(tiiii(,'  which  tiiuo  he  converses  with  no  one,  and  is  particularly  careliil  to 
'""•  observe  his  dreams ;  which  the  |n'i'sum[»tion  natural  to  savages  gen- 
erally renders  as  favorable  as  he  could  desire*.  A  variety  of  other  superstitions 
and  cer(>monies  are  observed.  One  of  the  most  hideous  is  setting  the  war  kettle 
on  the  fire,  as  an  endjlem  tiiat  they  are  going  out  to  devour  their  enemies  ;  w  Inch 
among  these  nations,  it  is  j)rohable,  was  formerly  the  case,  since  they  still  cf»n- 
tinue  to  express  it  in  clear  terms,  and  use  an  emblem  significant  of  tlu;  ancient 
usage.  Tlien,  they  dispatch  a  porcelain,  or  large  shell,  to  their  allies,  inviting 
them  to  come  along,  and  drink  the  blood  of  their  enemies.  They  think 
tlijit  those  in  their  alliance  must  not  only  adopt  their  emnities,  but  that  they 
must  also  have  their  resentments  wound  up  to  tlu;  sanu;  pilch  with  themselves: 
and  indeed  no  peo|)le  carry  thi'ir  friendships  or  their  resentments  so  litr  as  they 
do.  Having  finished  all  the  ceremoni(!s  previous  to  the  war,  and  the  day  a|)- 
pointed  f()r  tlieir  setting  out  on  the  expedition  being  arrived,  they  take;  leave  of 
tlii-ir  friends,  and  exchange  their  clothes,  or  whatever  moval)les  tlu^v  have,  in 
token  of  mutual  friendship  ;  after  which  they  proceed  from  the  town,  their  wives 
and  icmale  relations  walking  Ijefore,  and  attending  them  to  some  distance. 
The  warriors  march  all  dressed  in  their  finest  ajjparel,  and  most  showy  orna- 
ments, witlunit  any  order.  The;  chief  walks  slowly  belore  thern,  singing  the 
war-song,  while  tlu;  rest  observe  the  most  profound  silence.  When  they  conx! 
up  to  their  women,  they  deliver  them  all  thi-ir  (in»>ry,  and  putting  on  their  worst 
clothes,  [jroeei'd  on  their  expedition. 

UiiickiMssof  The  great  qualities  of  an  Indian  war  an;  vigilance  and  attention, 
iheir  sunsos.  {q  frjy,,  ^^^^^\  avoid  surjirise;  and,  indeed,  in  these  they  are  superior 
to  all  nations  in  tin;  world.  A('customed  to  contiinial  wandering  in  the  |I)n'sl ; 
having  their  p«.'rc(;ptions  shar|)ened  by  keen  necessity,  and  living,  in  every  re- 
sp(;ct,  according  to  nature,  their  external  senses  have  a  degree  of  acuteness, 
which,  at  iirst  vicnv,  ajipears  incredible.  They  can  trace;  out  their  enemies,  at 
an  immense  distance,  by  tiic  smoke  of  their  fires,  which  they  smell,  and  by  the 
tracks  of  tlu'ir  feet  npon  the  ground,  imperceptible*  to  an  Kurf)pe'an  eye*,  hut 
which  they  can  count,  and  elistingtiish,  with  the  utmost  tiicilify.  It  is  saiel,  tlie'y 
Clin  even  distinguish  the  elilfeirent  nations  with  whom  the-y  are  acfjuainteel,  anel 
can  determine  the  pre;cis('  time^  whe-n  they  j)asse;el,  wlu're  an  luirope-an  e'ould 
not,  with  all  his  glasses,  distinguish  fe)eitsteps  at  all.  These  circumstances, 
however,  arc  of  less  importance,  because  their  savage  enemies  are  equally 
well  acquainted  with  them. 
...   ,  When  ihey  go  out,  therefe)re,  they  take  care  to  avoiei  making  use 

ami  rjrcum     of  any  ihwvj.  by  which  they  might  run  the  danger  of  a  eliscovery. 
The;y  lighte^d  no  lire's  to  warm  tliemselve^s,  or  te»  prepare;  victuals : 


Kl»C<',IIOII 


'US 


th 


ley  lie  close  to  the  ground  all  day,  anel  travel  only  in  the-  night  ;  and  march 


inu 


^'"''^ 


NORTH  AMERICA. 


• 


^■■m 


along  in  files,  he  limt  closes  the  rear,  dilii^ently  covers  with  leaves  the  tracks  of 
his  own  feet,  and  of  theirs  who  preceded  him.     When  tliey  halt  to  refresh 
theinselv(!s,  scouts  are  sent  out  to  reconuoitn^  the  country,  and  beat  up  every 
place  where  they  susj)cct  an  enemy  to  lie  ctjucealcd.  in  this  manner  they  enter, 
unawares,  the  villaijes  of  their  foes ;  and  while  the  flower  of  the  nation  are  en- 
gat^ed  in  liunting,  massacre  all  the  children,  women,  and  helpless  old  men;  or 
make  prisoners  of  as  many  as  they  can  manage,  or  have  strength  enough  to 
be  useful  to  their  nation.     But  when  the  enemy  is  apprized  of  their  design, 
and  comes  on  in  arms  against  them,  they  throw  themselves  flat  on  the  ground 
amon<T  the  withered  herbs  and  leaves,  which  their  fact^s  are  painted  to  resemble. 
They  then  allow  a  part  to  pass  unmolested,  when,  all  at  once,  with  a  tremen- 
dous shout,  rising  up  from  their  ambush,  they  pour  a  storm  of  musket-balls,  or 
arrows,  on  their  foes.     The  party  attacked  returns  the  same  cry.   Manner  of 
Every  one  shelters  himself  with  a  tree,  and  returns  the  fire  of  the     fighting, 
adverse  party,  as  soon  as  they  raise  themselves   from  the  ground  to  give  a 
second  fire.     Thus  does  the  battle  continue  until  one  party  is  so  much  weak- 
ened as  to  be  incapable  of  farther  resistance.     In  their  battles  death  appears  in 
a  thousand  hideous  forms,  which  would  congeal  the  blood  of  civilized  nations 
to  behold,  but  which  rouses  the  fury  of  savages.     They  trample,  they  insult, 
over  the  dead  bodies,  and  tear  the  scalp  from  the  head.     The  flame  rages  on 
till  it  meets  with  no  resistance ;  then  the  prisoners  are  secured,  those  unhappy 
men  whose  fate  is  a  thousand  times  more  dreadful  than  theirs  who  have  died 
in  the  field.     The  conquerors  set  up  a  hideous  howling,  to  lament  the  friends 
they  have  lost.     They  approach,  in  a  melancholy  and  severe  gloom,  to  their 
own  village ;  a  messenger  is  sent  to  announce  their  arrival,  and  the  women, 
with  frightful  shrieks,  come  out  to  mourn  their  dead  brothers,  or  their  hus- 
bands.    VVh^n  they  are  arrived,  the  chief  relates  in  a  low  voice,  to  the  elders,  a 
circumstantial  account  of  every  particular  of  the  expedition.     The  orator  pro- 
claims aloud  this  account  to  the  people ;  and  as  he  mentions  the  names  of  those 
who  have  fallen,  the  shrieks  of  the  women  are  redoubled.     The  men,  too,  join 
in  these  cries,  according  as  each  is  most  connected  with  the  deceased  by  blood 
or  friendship.     The  last  ceremony  is  the  proclamation  of  the  victory  ;  each  in- 
dividual then  forgets  his  private  misfortunes,  and  joins  in  the  triumphs  of  his 
nation ;  all  tears  are  wiped  from  their  eyes,  and  by  an  unaccountable  transi- 
tion, they  pass,  in  a  moment,  from  the  bitterness  of  sorrow,  to  an  extrava- 
gance of  joy.     But  the  treatment  of  their  prisoners,  whose  fate  all  this  time  re- 
mains undecided,  is  what  chiefly  characterizes  the  savages. 

The  person  who  has  taken  the  captive  attends  him  to  the  cottage, 
where,  according  to  the  distribution  made  by  the  elders,  he  is  to  be  oftheirpris- 
delivered  to  supply  the  loss  of  a  citizen.     If  those  who  receive  him      °"*"" 
have  their  family  weakened  by  war  or  other  accidents,  they  adopt  the  captive 
into  the  fiunily,  of  which  he  becomes  a  member.     But  if  they  have  no  occasion 
for  him,  or  their  resentment  for  the  loss  of  their  friends  be  too  high  to  endure 
the  sight  of  one  connected  with  those  who  were  concerned  in  it,  they  sentence 
him  to  death.     All  those  who  have  met  with  the  same  severe  sentence  being 
collected,  the  whole  nation  is  assembled  at  the  execution,  as  for  some  great 
solemnity.     A  scaffold  is  erected,  and  the  prisoners  are  tied  to  the  stake,  where 
they  commence  their  death-song,  and  prepare  for  the  ensuing  scene  of  cruelty 
with  the  most  undaunted  courage.     Their  enemies,  on  the  other  side,  are  deter- 
mined to  put  it  to  the  proof,  by  the  most  refined  and  exquisite  tortures.     They 
begin  at  the  extremity  of  his  body,  and  gradually  approach  the  more    shocking 
vita!  parts.     One  plucks  out  his  nails  by  the  roots,  one  by  one ;  an-    *"""«». 
other  fakes  a  finger  into  his  mouth,  and  tears  off  the  flesh  with  his  teeth ;  a 
third  thrusts  the  finger,  mangled  ?is  it  is,  into  the  bowl  of  his  pipe  made  red-hot, 
which  he  smokes  like  tobacco ;  then  they  pound  his  toes  and  fingers  to  pieces 
between  two  stones ;  thr-y  cut  circles  about  his  joints,  and  gashes  in  the  fleshy 

B 


It'  ! 


10 


CiENKHAL  DUSCim'TION  OF 


i;i 


\ 


parts  of  his  limbs,  which  thoy  soar  imnioJiatr'Iy  witli  red-hot  irons,  cutting, 
burning,  and  pinching  tlicm,  {illcrnatcly ;  they  will  pull  otl*  his  flesji  thus  man- 
gled  and  roasted,  hit^  by  bit,  devouring  it  with  greediness,  and  smearing  their 
faces  with  the  blood,  in  an  enthusia.^ni  of  hornn-  and  fury.  When  they  have 
thus  torn  ofi'  the  flesh,  they  twist  the  bare  nerves  and  tendons  about  an  iron, 
tearing  and  snapping  thein,  whilst  others  are  employed  in  pnllini!:  and  extend- 
'\\\n  his  limbs  in  every  way  that  can  increase  the  formenf.  'J'his  continues 
often  five  or  six  hours;  and  sometimes,  such  is  tli'>  .strength  of  the  savages, 
days  together.  Then  they  frequently  unbind  him,  to  give  a  breathing  to  their 
fury,  to  think  what  new  torments  they  shall  indict,  and  to  refresh  the  strength 
of  the  sullerer,  who,  wearied  out  with  such  a  variety  of  unheard-of  cruelties, 
often  falls  into  such  a  profomid  sleep,  that  they  arc  obliged  to  apply  the  fire  to 
awake  him,  and  renew  his  sufl'erings.  lie  is  again  liistened  to  the  stake,  and 
again  thev  renew  their  cruelty;  they  slick  him  all  over  with  small  matches  of 
wood  that  easily  take  fin^,  but  burn  slowly  ;  they  continually  run  sharp  reeds 
into  all  parts  oi"  his  body ;  they  drag  out  his  teeth  with  pincers,  and  thrust  out 
his  eyes ;  and  lastly,  after  having  burned  his  flesh  from  the  bones  with  slow 
fires;  after  having  so  mangled  the  body  that  it  is  all  but  one  wound ;  after 
havin"'  mutilated  his  face  in  such  n  manntM'  as  to  carry  nothing  human  in  it; 
after  having  peeled  the  skin  from  the  head,  and  poured  a  heap  of  red-hot  coals 
or  boilin"- water  upon  the  naked  skull,  they  once  more  unbind  the  wretch  ;  who, 
blind,  and  staggering  with  pain  and  weakness,  assaulted  and  pelted  on  every 
side  with  clubs  and  stones,  now  up,  now  down,  falling  into  their  fires  at  every 
step,  runs  hither  and  thither,  until  one  of  the  chiefs,  whether  out  of  compassion, 
or  weary  of  cruelty,  puts  an  end  to  liis  life  with  a  club  or  dagger.  The  body 
is  then  put  into  a  kettle,  and  this  barbarous  custom  is  succeeded  by  a  feast  as 
barbarous.  The  women  are  said  to  surpass  even  the  men  in  this  scene  of  hor- 
ror :  while  the  principal  persons  of  the  country  sit  round  the  stake,  smoking 
and  looking  on,  without  the  least  (^motion. 

Constancy  of  VVhat  is  the  most  extraordinary,  the  sufli'rer  himself,  in  the  little 
tbe  Buiierers.  intervals  of  his  torments,  smokes  too,  appears  imconcerned,  and  con- 
verses with  his  torturers  about  indifferent  matters.  Indeed,  during  the  whole 
time  of  his  execution,  there  seems  a  contest  whicli  shall  exceed,  they  in  inflict- 
ing the  most  horrid  pains,  or  he  in  enduring  them  with  a  firmness  and  con- 
stancy almost  above  human :  not  a  groan,  not  a  sigh,  not  a  distortion  of  coun- 
tenance escapes  him  :  he' possesses  his  mind  entirely  in  the  midst  of  his  torments : 
he  recounts  his  own  exploits :  he  informs  them  what  cruelties  he  has  inflicted 
on  their  countrymen ;  and  threatens  them  with  the  revenge  that  will  attend  liis 
death ;  and,  though  his  reproaches  exasperate  them  to  a  perfect  madness  of 
rage  and  fury,  he  continues  liis  insults  even  of  their  ignorance  of  the  art  of 
tormenting,  pointing  out  himself  more  exquisite  methods,  and  more  sensible 
parts  of  the  body  to  be  afflicted. 

Nothing  can  exceed  the  warmth  of  their  affection  towards  their 

friends,  who  consist  of  all  those  wJio  live  in  the  same  village,  or  are 

in  alliance  with  it.     Their  friendship  principally  appears  by  the  treatment  of 

their  dead.     Where  any  onf:  of  the  society  is  cut  ofl^,  he  is  lamented  by  the 

whole  :  on  this  occasion  a  variety  of  ceremonies  is  practised,  denoting  the  most 

lively  sorrow.     No  business  is  transacted,  however  pressing,  till  all  the  pious 

Treatment  ^^crcmonies  duc  to  the  dead  are  performed.     The  body  is  washed 

of  their  (If  au  anointed,  and   painted.     TIk'U   the  women  lament   the  loss  with 

hideous  bowlings,  intermixed  with  songs  which  celebrate  the  great 

actions  of  the  deceased  and  his  anc(!stors.     The  men  mourn  also,  though  in  a 

less  extravagant  manner.    The  whole  village  is  present  at  the  interment,  and  the 

corpse  is  habited  in  their  most  sumptuous  ornaments.     (Jlose  to  the  body  of  the 

deceased  are  placed  his  bows  and  arrows,  with  whatever  he  valued  most  in  his 

life,  and  a  quantity  of  provision  for  his  subsistence  on  the  journey  which  he  is 


4 


cutting, 
thus  man- 
ring  their 
thfy  have 
an  iron, 
oxtond- 
continues 
savages, 
g  to  their 
strength 
eruelties, 
le  fire  to 
take,  and 
fches  of 
rp  reeds 
iriist  out 
ith  slow 
hI  ;  after 
lan  in  it  ; 
hot  coals 
h ;  who, 
on  every 
at  every 
1  passion, 
^ho  body 
feast  as 
e  of  hor- 
smoking 

the  little 
and  con- 
ic whole 
n  inflict- 
nd  con- 
:>f  coun- 
rmrnts  ; 
inflicted 
fend  Jiis 
ficss  of 
^  art  of 
sensible 

Ls  their 

or  an; 
lent  of 
by  the 
e  most 
J  pious 
ashed 
i  wifli 
!  great 
1  in  a 
id  the 
of  the 
in  hiH 

he  is 


NORTH  AMERICA. 


11 


supposed  to  take.  This  solemnity,  like  ev(M'y  other,  is  attended  with  feasting. 
The  funeral  Ix^ing  ended,  the  nlations  of  the  deceased  confine  themselves  to 
their  huts,  for  a  considi-ruble  time,  to  indulge  their  grief.  After  an  interval  of 
aonw.  weeks,  they  visit  the  grave,  repeat  llicir  sorrow,  new-elothe  the  remains 
of  the  body,  and    et  over  again  all  the  sujfmiiitif.'s  of  the  funeral. 

To  such  extremes  do  tli(!  Indians  push  their  friendship  or  their  enmity;  and 
such  indeed,  in  general,  is  the  character  of  all  strong  and  uncultivated  minds. 

Religion  is  not  the  |)revailing  character  of  Indians ;  and  except  Their  rcii- 
when  they  have  some  imimxliate  occasion  for  the  assistance  ol' their  fi'""' 
gods,  th(!y  pay  them  no  stirt  of  worship.  Like  all  other  rude  nations,  however, 
they  are  strongly  addicted  to  superstition.  'J'hey  believe  in  the  existence  of  a 
number  of  good  and  bad  spirits,  who  interfere  in  the  concerns  of  mortals,  and 
produce  all  our  haj)piness  or  misery.  It  is  from  the  evil  spirits,  in  particular, 
that  our  diseases,  they  imagine,  proceed ;  .and  it  is  to  the  good  spirits  we  are 
indebted  for  a  cure. 

Such,  in  general,  are  the  customs  and  manners  of  the  Indian  nation ;  but 
almost  every  tribe  has  something  peculiar  to  itself. 

The  following  statement  as  to   their  ptipulation   in   the  United   ■'''"'''■  P°P"" 

CI  ■     n  1        .  II  ••  t  ■■> .  lalion  in  the 

States  IS  from  the  American  Almanac,  1831.  u.  s. 

Number  nf  Indians  within  the  United  States,  as  estimated  by  the  War  Department. 

Within 
Michigan  Peninsula,         -  9,340 

■Arkansas  Territory,    -         -       7,200 
Florida  Territory,  -         -  4,000 

North-west  or  lluron  Ter.  -  20,200 
Between  the  Mississippi  and  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  exclusive 
of  the  slates  of  Louisiana 
and  Missouri,  and  Arkansas 
Territory,  ■         -  94,000 

Within  the  Rocky  Mountains,  20,000 
West  of  the  Rocky  Mountains 

between  Lat.  44°  and  49°,     80,000 


Within 

New  England  and  Virginia, 

2,573 

New  York, 

4,820 

Pennsylvania, 

-     300 

North  Carolina 

3,100 

South  Carolina 

-      300 

Georgia     .... 

5,000 

Tennessee,    - 

1,000 

Alabama, 

19,200 

Mississippi,     - 

23,400 

Louisiana, 

939 

Ohio, 

1,877 

Indiana, 

4,050 

Illinois, 

■    5,900 

Missouri, 

5,631 

Total  within  the  U.  States,      313,130 

The  climate  of  North  America  is  various ;  that  part  lying  north 
of  latitude  50°,  is  a  cold,  barren,  and  desolate  region.     The  paft     ^'"""*'- 
between  30°  and  50°  is  subject  to  extremes  of  heat  and  cold.    South  of  latitude 
30°  the  climate  is  warm,  producing  the  principal  tropical  fruits  in  abundance. 


UNITED    STATES 

GENERAL    DESCHIPTION. 

The  territory  of  the  United  States  embraces  the  middle  division  of  North 
America,  extending  from  the  Atlantic  ocean  on  the  east  to  the  Pacific  on  the 
west.     Its  extreme  length  from  the  Pacific  ocean  to  Passamaquoddy 
Bay,  is  3,000  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth,  from  the  southern  point  boundariei, 
of  Florida,  to  fhe  Lake  of  the  Woods,  is  estimated  to  be  1,700  miles.        *"'■ 
On  the  north-east,  a  conventional  line  divides  it  from  New  Brunswick,  extend- 
ing from  Passamaquoddy  Bay  northward  to  the  48th  parallel,  embracing  the 
head  waters  of  the  river  St.  John.     From  this  extreme  northern  point,  the 
boundary  line  passes  along  the  ridge  of  mountains  south-westward  to  the  45th 
parallel,  and  then  along  this  parallel  till  it  strikes  the  St.  Lawrence,  120  miles 


"7», 


i.\ 


I 

t 


III 


I 


12  GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF 

below  Lake  Ontario.  It  then  follows  the  river  and  chain  of  lakes,  Ontario, 
Erie,  St.  Clair,  Huron,  and  Suj)erior,  proceeding  from  the  last  by  the  course  of 
the  river  La  Pluie,  or  Rainy  Kiver,  to  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  from  which  it 
passes  along  the  4yth  parallel  to  the  Uocky  Mountains. 

On  the  west  of  the  mountains,  the  Americans  have  an  imqtiestioned  claim  to 
the  coimtry  from  the  4XJ(1  to  the  fjlih  parallel.  On  the  south,  the  L'nifed  States 
are  boimdcd  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico;  and  on  the  south-west,  the  boundary  ex- 
tends from  the  mouth  of  the  river  Sabine,  in  a  north-west  direction,  to  a  point 
in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  north  latitude  42^,  and  west  longitude  1U8",  from 
which  it  passes  along  the  42d  parallel  to  the  Pacific  ocean. 
^  Two  great  chains  of  mountains  traverse  the  territory  of  the  United 

States,  in  a  direction  approaching  to  south  and  north  :  the  Allegha- 
ny on  the  east,  and  the.  Rocky  Mountains  on  the  west.  They  divide  the  country 
into  an  eastern,  a  western,  and  a  middle  division,  the  latter  comprising  the 
great  basin  or  valley  of  the  Mississippi.  For  a  jnirticular  description  of  the 
mountains,  see  the  article  Alleghany,  &c. 
Lakes  and  The  two  largest  lakes  wholly  within  the  United  States  are  Michigan 
riveri.  f^^^  Champlain.  Lakes  Superior,  Huron,  Erie,  and  Ontario,  lie  one 
half  in  this  country,  and  one  half  in  Upp<'r  Canada. 

The  United  States  contain  many  large  and  navigable  rivers ;  some  of  the 
principal  of  which  arc  the  Connecticut,  Hudson,  Delaware,  Potomac,  James, 
Savannah,  Ohio,  Tennessee,  Mississippi,  Arkansas,  Red  River,  and  the  Oregon 
or  Columbia. 

A  particular  description  of  the  lakes  and  rivers  will  be  found  under  their 
respective  heads. 

The  climate  of  the  United  States  is  remarkably  inconstant  and 
variable.     It  passes  rapidly  from  the  frosts  of  Norway  to  the  scorch- 
ing heats  of  Africa,  and  from  the  iiumidity  of  Holland  to  the  drought  of  Cas- 
tile.    A  change  of  20  or  25  degrees  of  Fahrenheit,  in  one  day,  is  not  consid- 
ered extraordinary.     Even  the  Indians  complain  of  the  sudden  variations  of 
temperature.     In  sweeping  over  a  vast  frozen  surface,  the  north-west  wind  ac- 
quires an  ejrtreme  degree  of  cold  and  dryness,  and  operates  very  injuriously 
on  the  human  frame.     The  south-easi,  on  the  other  hand,  produces  on  the  At- 
lantic coast  effects  similar  to  those  of  the  sirocco.     The  south-west  has  th« 
same  influence  in  the  plains  to  the  east  of  the  Alleghanies :  when  it  blows,  the 
heat  frequently  becomes  painful  and  suffocating.     In  the  mountains,  however, 
where  the  summer  heat  is  moderate,  even  in  the  southern  states,  the  fresh  and 
blooming  complexion  of  young  persons,  is  a  proof  of  the  purity  and  salubrity  of 
the  atmosphere.     The  same  ruddy  complexion  prevails  in  New  England  and 
in  the  interior  of  Pennsylvania ;  but  the  pale  countenances  of  the  inhabitants 
of  all  the  low  country,  from  New  York  to  Florida,  reminds  a  stranger  of  the 
Creoles  in  the  West  India  Islands.     In  this  region  malignant  fevers  are  pi-eva- 
lent  in  September  and  October.    The  countries  situated  to  the  west  of  the  Allegha- 
nies are  in  general  more  temperate  and  healthful.    .The  south-west  wind  there 
brings  rain,  while  the  same  effect  is  produced  on  the  other  side  of  the  moun- 
tains by  the  north-east  wind.     But  the  north-east  wind,  which  covers  the  At- 
lantic coast  with  thick  fogs,  is  dry  and  elastic  on  the  banks  of  the  Ohio.  When 
we  compare  the  climate  on  the  opposite  sides  of  the  Atlantic,  we  find  that  the 
extremes  of  temperature  are  greater,  and  that  the  winter's  cold  is  more  severe 
on  the  west  side  than  on  the  east.     The  mean  temperature  of  the  year,  accord- 
ing to  Humboldt,  is  9  degrees  (Fahr.)  lower  at  Philadelphia  than  in  the  corre- 
sponding latitudes  on  the  coast  of  Europe.    The  mouth  of  the  Delaware  is  gen- 
erally shut  by  ice  for  six  or  eight  weeks,  and  that  of  the  St.  Lawrence  for  five 
months  in  the  year.     Throughout  the  United  States,  the  rains  are  sudden  and 
heavy,  and  the  dews  extremely  copious.     Storms  of  thunder  and  lightning  are 
AlftO  much  more  common  and  formidable  than  in  Europe. 


'I 
■  * 


(ho 


THE  UNITED  STATES.  13 

A  general  Land  Office  exists  ut  Washington,  which  is  vested  p„|,iip  i,„nd9, 
exclusively  with  the  power  oC  contracting  with  tlie  Indians  fi)r  the  ■"*'"  "'• 
sale  of  their  lands.  The  hnsiness  of  the  Land  Odice  is  the  survey  and  sale 
of  the  puhlic  l.inijs.  Thi'se  lands  are  purchased  of  the  Indians  by  treaty  witli 
the  government  of  iIk!  United  Stales.  Privates  individuals  are  not  allowed  to 
have  any  transactions  ol' this  description  with  the  natives;  and  the  jaw  has 
lx;en  rigorously  observed.  Sub  Land  Olfices  arc  established  at  the  follow- 
ing places: — Oliio,  Steubenville,  Marietta,  Cincinnati,  Uhillicothc,  Zanesville, 
Wooster,  I'iqua,  Tiffin.  Indiana,  JelU'rsonville,  Vincennes,  Indianapolis,  (Jraw- 
fordsville,  Fort  Wayne.  lUiaois,  Kaskaskia,  Shawn(M;town,  Kdwardsville, 
Vandidia,  I'alestine,  Springfield.  Michigan  Tcrritorij,  Detroit,  Monroe.  Mis- 
aoiiri,  St.  Louis,  I'ranklin,  Cape  Ciirardeau,  Lexington,  I'ahnyra.  Arkansas 
Territory,  IJatesville,  Little  Rock.  Louimina,  Ouachita,  Opelousas,  New  Or- 
leans,  St.  Helena  C.  U.  Mississippi,  Washington,  Augusta,  Mount  Salus.  Al- 
abama, St.  Stephens,  Iluntsville,  Tuscaloosa,  Cahavvba,  Sparta.  Florida  Ter- 
ritory, Tallal)asse,  St.  Augustine. 

The  aggregate  of  all  the  unsold  and  unappropriated  public  lands  of  the 
Knifed  States,  surveyed  and  unsurveyed,  on  which  the  Indian  title  remains  or 
has  been  extinguished,  lying  within,  and  without  the  boundaries  of  the  new 
states  and  territories,  according  to  a  report  made  to  congress  in  A\m\  1832,  is 
J, 090,871,753  acres.  The  lands  are  surveyed  and  set  ofl' into  townships  of 
six  miles  square,  each  of  which  is  divided  into  thirty-six  sections,  of  one  mile 
square,  or  040  acres.  The  dividing  lines  run  in  the  direction  of  the  cardinal 
j)oints,  crossing  one  another  at  right  angles.  One  section,  or  one  thirty-sixth 
part  of  every  township,  is  allotted  for  the  support  of  schools,  and  in  the  coun- 
try west  of  the  All(!ghanies,  seven  entire  townships  have  been  given,  in  perpe- 
tuity, for  the  endowment  of  superior  seminaries  of  learning.  The  lands  are 
offered  to  public  sale,  in  quarter  sections,  of  160  acres,  at  the  minimum  price 
of  one  and  one  fourth  dollar  per  acre,  and  whatever  remains  unsold,  may  be 
purchased  privately  at  this  price.  Formerly,  the  minimum  price  was  two  dol- 
lars per  acre,  payable  in  four  years,  by  four  instalments;  but  by  act  of  con- 
gress, in  1821,  it  was  fixed  at  one  and  one  fourth  dollar  ready  money.  This 
new  regulation  was  adopted  to  discourage  the  practice  of  speculating  in  land, 
and  to  lessen  the  litigation  arising  out  of  protracted  payments. 

The  title  deed  is  printed  on  a  small  sheet  of  parchment,  with  the  date ;  the 
purchaser's  name,  and  the  topographical  situation  of  the  ground,  are  inserted 
in  writing.  It  is  subscribed  by  the  president  of  the  United  States  and  the 
agent  of  the  Land  Office,  and  delivered  without  charge  to  the  purchaser,  who 
may  transfer  the  property  to  another  person  by  a  process  equally  cheap  and 
simple. 

In  a  country  having  so  many  varieties  of  soil  and  climate  as  the  Agricultural 
United  States,  there  is  necessarily  a  considerable  diversity  in  the  Prodnciiong. 
agricultural  productions.  Maize,  or  Indian  corn,  is  cultivated  in  all  parts  of 
the  country,  but  succeeds  best  in  the  middle  states.  Wheat  is  also  raised  in  all 
parts  of  the  coimtry,  but  thrives  best  in  the  middle  and  western  states.  The 
cultivation  of  tobacco  begins  in  Maryland  and  Virginia.  Cotton  grows  as  far 
north  as  39°,  but  its  cultivation  is  not  profitable  beyond  the  latitude  of  37°. 
This  useful  plant  was  first  raised  for  exportation  only  in  1791.  It  is  now  pro- 
duced in  immense  quantities  from  the  river  Roanoke  to  the  Mississippi,  and 
forms  the  leading  export  of  the  United  States.  The  best  grows  upon  dry  situ- 
ations in  Carolina  and  Georgia,  on  the  sea-coast.  The  rice  crops,  which  re- 
quire great  heat,  and  a  soil  susceptible  of  irrigation,  commence  about  the  same 
parallel,  and  have  nearly  the  same  geographical  range.  The  sugar  cane  grows 
in  low  and  warm  situations,  as  high  as  latitude  33°;  but  the  climate  favorable 
to  its  cultivation  does  not  extend  beyond  31  i°.  Oats,  rye,  and  barley,  ai*e 
raised  in  all  the  northern  arid  middle  states :  in  the  western  states  wheat,  hemp, 


I 


I 


P^  ■•(!;» 


If'  ^  ii 


ill 


r"'= 


14 


(iKNKUAl.  [)KSCRIPTION  OF 

)ro(liicfi(ins.    In  adtlition  to  the  above,  buckwhcHt,  peas, 


and  flux  arc  the  st!ip     ,.  

beans,  potatiM's,  turnips,  \<-. ;  apples,  pears,  cliorries,  pouches,  grui)es,  cur 
rants,  gooselKTries,  plums,  &cc.,  are  extensively  eultivuted  in  various  parts  of 
the  country. 

TablCf  showimj  the  cstimaltd  (ituintitics  of  different  articles  produced  on  an 
acre,  in  the  principal  parts  of  the  United  States.  Explanations,  g.  c.  good 
crop,  c.  c.  common  crop. 


AVEHAGE    nUSHEL    I'ER    ACRE. 

• 

• 

• 

• 

6 

Indian  corn. 

• 
r  , 

is 

3 

CQ 

i 

CO 

• 
■3 

3 

New  England    - 

I  c.  c. 

11 

Mo 
15 

40 
20 

45 
.30 

45 
30 

30 
15 

400 
150 

450 
200 

New  York    -     - 

\  c.  c. 

;i2 

10 

12 

40 
14 

45 
25 

45 
25 

35 
16 

300 
90 

350 
100 

Pennsylvania     - 

)  c.  c. 

.Mo 
10 

95 
12 

40 
13 

45 
15 

45 
15 

35 
16 

300 
65 

350 
75 

New  .Jersey  -     - 

>  c.  c. 

30 
9 

30 
11 

35 
12 

35 
14 

35 
14 

30 
15 

250 
60 

250 
65 

Delaware      -     - 

'  1  g.  c. 
l'  c.  c. 

.Mo 
10 

35 
12 

34 
13 

56 
15 

36 
15 

30 
16 

250 
65 

250 
65 

Virginia  -     -     - 

S  g-  ^• 

\  c.  c. 

.30 
7 

35 
9 

35 
9 

45 
25 

45 
25 

30 
15 

150 
60 

150 
75 

Carolina  -     -     - 

Sg-c. 
(  c.  c. 

25 

0 

20 
10 

25 

8 

45 

23 

45 
23 

20 
15 

60 
50 

75 
50 

Western  States 

^g-c. 
\  c.  c. 

40 
25 

45 
25 

45 
36 

45 
37 

45 
37 

35 
40 

350 
200 

400 
300 

Louisiana      -     - 

g.  c. 

40     40 

40     40 

40 

25 

200 

350 

Minerals. 


I  -'4. 


Gold  is  found  extensively  in  the  upper  country  of  North  Carolina, 
and  in  some  few  points  in  the  adjacent  parts  of  Virginia,  South  Car- 
olina, and  in  Georgia.     It  is  found  in  alluvial  deposits,  and  has  been  lately 
wrought  to  considerable  extent.     Some  of  the  ores  of  iron  are  found  in  almost 
every  state ;  and  mines  of  this  metal  are  worked  in  New  Hampshire,  Vermont, 
Rhode  Island,  New  York,  Connecticut,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia, 
and  North  Carolina.     The  United  States  are  supplied  with  copper  chiefly  from 
Mexico  and  other  foreign  countries,  but  ores  of  this  metal  exist  in  most  of  the 
states,  and  in  the  north-west  territory  are  said  to  be  in  great  abundance,  in 
situations  easy  of  access.     Lead  is  chiefly  procured  from  Missouri,  where  for- 
ty-five mines  are  worked,  fvnd  yield  three  millions  of  pounds  annually.    Of 
coal  there  is  a  large  field  twenty  miles  long  by  ten  broad,  twelve  miles  from 
Richmond,  which  has  been  long  worked.     This  useful  mineral  is  also  found  at 
various  places,  in  New  England,  New  York,  and  Pennsylvania.    But  the  most 
abundant  supply  is  on  the  west  side  of  the  Alleghanies,  where  a  coal  formation, 
one  of  the  largest  in  the  world,  extends,  with  some  interruption,  from  the  west- 
ern foot  of  the  mountains  across  the  Mississippi.     Salt  is  chiefly  obtained  from 
the  sea,  or  imported  in  the  eastern  states ;  but  salt  springs  abound  in  various 
parts  of  the  United  States,  particularly  in  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi,  from 
the  Alleghanies  to  the  Rocky  Mountains ;  and  in  some  situations  on  the  western 
side  of  the  valley,  plains  occur  of  many  miles  in  circuit,  which  are  periodically 
covered  with  a  thick  crust  of  salt.    The  salt  springs,  at  Salina,  in  New  York, 
are  extensively  worked,  and  vast  quantities  of  salt  are  made  from  them  annually. 


i 

^ 

M 


THE  UNITED  STATES. 


lA 


The  legislative  power  in  the  United  Stutos  is  scpamlcd  into  two  i,f.gi«iiitive 
branches,  the  state  governments,  and  the  federal  government :  the  P<'wer. 
government  is  therefore  two-fold.  To  the  state  gov(.rnnient.s  is  committed 
that  branch  which  n-lates  la  the  regulation  of  internal  concerns.  These 
bodies  make  and  alter  th(!  laws  which  regard  properly  and  private;  rights, 
rtJf'ulate  the  police,  appoint  the  judges  and  civil  otliccrs,  impose;  taxes  for  state 
purposes,  -incl  exercise  all  other  rights  and  powers  not  vested  in  the  federal  go- 
vernment by  positive;  enactment.  To  the  federal  government  l)(;longs  the  pow- 
er of  making  peace  and  war  with  foreign  nations,  raising  and  supporting  an 
army  and  navy,  fixing  the  organization  of  the  militia,  imposing  taxes  for  the 
common  defence  or  benefit  of  the  Union,  borrowing  money,  coining  money, 
and  fixing  the  standard  of  weights  and  measures,  establishing  post  oflices  and 
post  roads,  granting  patents  for  inventions,  and  exclusive  copyrights  to  authors, 
regulating  commerce  with  forr'ign  nations,  establishing  uniform  bankrupt  laws, 
and  a  unilbrm  rule  of  naturalization,  and  lastly,  the  federal  tribunals  judge  of 
felonies  and  piracies  committed  on  the  high  seas,  of  oflences  against  the  law 

I  of  nations,  and  of  questions  between  the  citizens  of  difFerent  states. 

'\  No  country  in  the  world  enjoys  a  more  free  and  equitable  system  of  govern- 

M  ment.     All  power  originates  with  the  people,  who  arc  governed  by  laws  which 

,j^  are  enacted  by  men  of  their  own  choice. 

*"  The  Constitution  secures  to  the  citizens  the  grand  principles  of  freedom, 

hbcrty  of  conscience  in  matters  of  religion,  liberty  of  the  press,  trial  by  jury, 
and  the  right  of  choosing  and  being  chosen  to  ottice. 

The  executive  power,  which  is  thc^  power  that  administers  the  government, 
is  vested  in  a  pa^sident,  wiio,  togetlier  with  the  vice  president,  is  chosen  for 
four  years  by  electors  from  all  the  states.  The  principal  subordinate  officers, 
in  the  executive  department,  are  the  secretaries  of  state,  of  the  "treasury,  of 
war,  and  of  the  navy.     The  president  is  commander-in-chief  of  the  army  and 

,.  navy,  and  of  the  militia  when  in  active  service.     He  grants  reprieves  and  par- 

adons  for  offences  against  the  United  States,  excejjt  in  cases  of  impeachment. 
With  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate,  he  makes  treaties,  nominates  am- 
bassadors, consuls,  judges :  and  he  appoints  several  other  officers  by  liis  own 
authority.  He  must  be  a  native  born  citizen,  and  not  under  thirty-five  years 
'y,  of  age. 

For  a  more  full  account  of  the  power  and  duties  of  the  president,  the  quali- 
fications  necessary  for  senators  and  representatives  in  congress,  see  Constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States. 

Senators  and  representatives  in  Congress  receive  an  allowance  of  eight  dol- 
lars per  day  for  the  time  they  attend  the  session  of  congress,  and  eight  dollars 
of  travelling  charges,  for  every  twenty  miles  they  have  to  travel  in  going  and 
returning.  Members  of  congress  take  an  oath  to  support  the  constitution,  but 
no  religious  tejst  is  required  from  them,  or  any  person  holding  office  under  the 
federal  government.  Senators  and  representatives  vacate  their  places,  if  they 
accept  of  an  office  under  the  federal  government,  and  are  not  re-eligible  while 
they  hold  it.  The  forms  of  beisiness  in  congress  arc  chiefly  borrowed  from  those 
|!  of  the  British  parliament.   Bills  are  read  three  times,  and  in  a  certain  stage  sent 

f  to  committees ;  but  what  is  deemed  a  great  improvement  in  congress,  there  are 

a  large  number  of  committees  appointed  in  the  House  of  Representatives, 

«at  the  commencement  of  each  session,  viz.  for  commerce,  finance,  foreign 
affairs,  &c. 

The  federal  judiciary  consists  of  a  supreme  court,  which  sits  at 
Washington,  and  a  district  court  in  each  state,  in  which  one  judge     "  "^'"'^ 
sits.  * 

In  the  supreme  court,  there  is  a  chief  judge  and  six  associate  judges,  who 
hold  their  office  during  good  behavior.  This  court  has  original  jurisdiction  in 
all  cases  affecting  ambassadors  and  consuls,  and  those  in  which  a  state  is  a 


m 


16  (JKNKRAL  DESCRIPTIOiN  UK 

party.  It  has  apjullate  jiuisilirtidii  in  nil  cases  arisinj,'  iindrr  tliu  (((jcml  con- 
btitutiou,  in  all  admiralty  cases,  in  controversies  Ix'tween  two  states,  or  two 
citizens  of  dillerenl  stales,  and  between  a  state,  or  the  citizens  thereof,  and 
foreign  states  or  suhjects.  TIk;  supreme  court,  derivinj^  its  power  from  the 
constitution,  exorcises  a  power  not  cnjoved  by  the  inferior  courts.  The  tederaj 
judges  are  appointed  hy  the  executive,  with  the  approbation  of  the  senate.  In 
this  and  other  federal  courts,  jurors  and  witness(\s  are  allowed  one  dollar 
twenty-five  cents  per  day,  and  fiv(!  <'ents  a  mile  for  travelling  ex|H'nses. 
BtatcRovern-  The  state  governments  are  extn-mely  similar  to  that  of  the  fede- 
uiunx.  ,.j,|  i,^  (Jici,.  c, imposition.  'I'he  legislature  consists  always  ctf  two 
branches,  l)oth  of  which  are  returned  by  the  same  ek'clors ;  and  these  electors 
may  be  said  to  comprise  the  whole  adult  white  population;  the  usual  qualifica- 
tions Ix'ing  citizenship,  with  one  or  two  years'  residence,  and  payment  of  taxes. 
The  onlv  exceptions  are  th(!  folh)wing: — In  Vermont,  (he  h'gislaturo  consists 
of  u  House  of  Kepresentatives  only ;  in  North  ('arolina,  representatives  are 
cliosen  by  the  wholes  resident  free  citizens  who  pay  taxes,  but  senators  only 
by  freeholders ;  in  New  Jersey  and  Virginia,  the  right  of  suffrage  for  both 
houses  is  limited  to  persons  holding  a  small  amount  of  landed  property ;  in 
Maryland,  the  senators  are  chosen  by  delcgjiles  named  for  the  purpose  by  the 

fK'OpIl'. 

In  all  the  states,  the  period  for  which  the  representatives  serve  is  either  one 
or /tro  years.  The  elections  nro  birnnial  in  Delaware,  South  ('arolina,  Ten- 
nessee, Louisiana,  Illinois,  and  Missouri ;  and  annual  in  the  other  eighteen 
states. 

The  shortest  period  for  which  the  sentitors  serve  in  any  state  is  one  year, 
and  the  longest /i'/v.  In  Maine,  New-Hampshire,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island, 
Connocticuf,  New-Jersey,  North  Carolina,  CJeorgia,  the  senators  hold  their 
office  for  one  year  only  ;  in  Ohio  anil  Tennessee  for  two  years ;  Mississippi, 
Alabama,  Indiana,  for  three  years;  in  New-York,  IVimsylvania,  Delaware, 
Virginia,  South  Carolina,  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Illinois,  Missouri,  for  four 
years;  and  in  Maryland  inrfce  years.  Exc(>pt  in  Maryland,  when  the  senate 
of  any  state  serves  f()r  more  than  one  year,  it  is  renewed  by  parts  or  divisions, 
one-third  of  the  members  going  out  annually  when  they  serve  for  three  years, 
and  one-fourth  when  they  serve  lot  four.  In  some;  cases,  however,  when  the 
senators  serve  for  four  years,  the  renewal  is  by  halves  every  two  years. 

ReiiKious         ^'^  Pennsylvania,  Mississippi,  and  Tennessee,  a  belief  in  a  Deity, 
quaiirtcatinns  and  in  a  futin-e  state  of  rewards  and  punishments;  and  in  Massachu- 
"'**  '^*'''     setts,  Maryland,  and  North  Cai-olina,  a  belief  in  the  Christian  reli- 
gion, is  required  as  a  qualification  for  office.    In  New-Jersey  no  protestant  can 
be  excluded.     In  the  other  states  no  religious  test  is  required. 

Such  is  a  brief  sketch  of  the  political  system  of  the  United  States.  "  It  has 
survived  the  tender  period  of  infancy,  jmd  outlived  the  prophecies  of  its  down- 
fall. It  has  borne  the  nation  triumphantly  through  a  period  of  domestic  diffi- 
culty and  external  danger ;  it  has  k'cn  found  serviceable  in  peace  and  in  war, 
and  may  well  claim  from  the  nation  it  has  saved  and  lionored,  the  votive  bene- 
diction of  esto  yerpctua."' 

The  expenses  of  the  government  are  maintained  without  any 
direct  taxes  for  its  support;  the  produce  of  the  customs  levied  at  the 
ports  on  the  importation  of  foreign  goods,  and  the  sums  derived  from  the  sale 
of  the  public  lands,  constitute  the  whole  of  the  public  revenue. 

The  average  produce  of  the  customs  may  be  estimated  at  from  16  to  18  mil- 
lions of  dollars,  and  the  sum  derived  from  the  sale  of  public  lands  at  1,600,000. 
The  bank  dividends  consist  of  the  interest  of  7,000,800  dollars  of  capital,  vested 
by  the  gm-crnmcnt  in  the  national  bank. 

The  Post-office  yields  more  than  a  million  of  dollars  a  year ;  but 


Revenue. 


I 


^ 


'.m 


Post  office. 


# 


it  is  almost  wholly  consumed  in  supporting  the  establishment. 


,Jk. 


'I'llK  UNITHI)  STATES. 


17 


RATES  OF  1»()STA(JK. 
For  single  Letters^  composed  of  one  piecu  of  paper, 

^  No.  of  Milc'H.  CenM. 

;|  Any  disfMiiro  not  cxct'oding  •         •         •         •         3U         •         •         6 

( )vrr  MO,  nnd  nof  cxccHjding       -         •         -         .     80    -         •         -10 

Over  HO,  do 150         •         .       12i 

VNet  150,  do 400    -         -         .  isj 

Over  400,  25 

Double  Letters,  or  those  composed  of  two  pieces  of  paper,  are  charged  with 
double  thosf!  ratrs. 

Triple  Letters,  or  those  composed  of  three  pieces  of  paper,  are  charged  with 
fri|)lf'  those  rates. 

Quadruple  Letters,  or  those  composed  of  four  pieces  of  paper,  are  charged 
wifli  quadruple  those  rates. 

All  Letters,  weiifhing  one  ounce  avoirdupois,  or  more,  are  charged  at  the 
rate  of  single  postages  for  each  quarter  of  an  ounce,  or  (juadruplg  postage  for 
each  ounce,  according  to  their  weight;  and  no  letter  can  b(!  charged  with  inoro 
than  quadruple  postage,  unless  its  weight  exceeds  one  ounce  avoirdupois. 

Newspaper  Postage. 

For  each  newspaper,  not  carried  out  of  the  state  in  which  it  is  published;  or 
if  carried  out  of  the  state,  but  not  carried  over  100  miles,  1  cent. 

Over  100  miles,  and  out  of  the  srtatc  in  which  it  is  published,  Ij  cents. 

Magazines  and  Pamphlets. 

If  published  periodically,  distance  not  exceeding  100  miles,      1^  cts.  per  sheet. 
Ditto                   do.  over  100  miles,        -         -         -         -       2^  do. 

■'           If  not  published  periodically,  distance  not  exceeding  100  miles,  4  do. 

nilt(»  do.  over  100  miles 6  do. 

Siuall  pamphlets,  containing  not  more  than  a  half  sheet  royal,  are  charged 
with  half  thos(i  rates.  Eight  pages  quarto  are  rated  as  one  sheet,  and  ail  other 
sizes  in  the  same  proportion. 

The  number  of  sheets  which  it  contains,  must  be  printed  or  written  on  one 
of  the  outer  pag<'s  of  every  pamphlet  or  magazine  sent  by  mail. 

Every  thing  not  coming  under  the  denomination  of  newspapers  or  pamphlets, 
is  charged  with  letter  postage. 

75;  Extent  of  Post-roads  in  miles  1,876, 

003;  Do.             do.             do.  20,817. 

y,300;  Do.             do.             do.  36,406. 

4,500;  Do.              do.              do.  72,492. 

8,450;  Do.             do.             do.  115,176. 


IV.st-oflices  in  1790, 
Do.  do.  1800, 
Do.  do.  1810, 
Do.  do.  1820, 
Do.     do.        1830, 


The  debt  of  the  United  States  consists  of  sums  borrowed  during 
the  revolutionary  war,  and  at  various  subsequent  periods.  The  debt 
duo  by  the  government  at  the  close  of  the  war  in  1783,  was  42,000,375 
dollars ;  but  no  proper  provision  IxMUg  made  for  the  payment  of  the  interest, 
and  the  public  revenue  oO(m  falling  short  of  the  expenditure,  the  debt  con- 
tinued to  increase,  and  in  1790  it  amounted  to  79,124,464  dollars.  Various 
measures  werc  taken  for  its  liquidation,  but  with  little  effect,  till  1805.  From 
tjint  period  a  gradual  reduction  took  place,  till  it  was  stopped  by  the  war  with 
England  in  1812.  In  1812  the  amount  of  the  public  debt  was  45,035,123 
dollars,  but  in  consequence  of  the  loans  made  during  the  war,  it  amounted  in 
1816  to  123,016,375  dollars.  Considerable  progress  has  since  been  made  in 
paving  oft*  the  debt,  and  on  the  1st  of  January  1832  it  was  reduced  to 
$24,322,235  19.  rii.  '^ 


>r 


^  ( 


'III 


19 


(iKNKKAf,  I)i:«(KII'TI()N  OK 


KI'MIUll    lll'.liT. 

Tlirr«»  |M'r  c»nf  slink,  revolutionary  debt,  (date,  4lh  August, 
179(1,)  ntli-etnablc  at  tin-  |)leasun-  of  tin'  poveriunent. 

Five  p<'r  cent,  stuck,  (Md  March,    IH21,)  rrdceniable  nllcr 
Junmiry  1,  1>^M"»,      ....       $J,7:J5,20(J  HO 

Do.  exchanged,  (2(ltli  April,  1H22,)  redeem- 
able 1891,  18;J2,  and  IHJJM,  .         -  50,701  77 


«in,290,fl26  21 


Four  nn<l  a  half  per  cent,  stock,   1832,   1833,  und  1831, 
(May,  1824,) 


4,792,001  07 

0,194,251  90 
$24,282,879  24 


UNFUNOKD    DEBT. 

Treasury  notes,  Mississippi  stock,  and  njgistered  debt  for 

claims  prior  to  1798, 39^355  94 

Total        !!J24,322,235  \H 

'A  standing  army  is  necessarily  an  object  of  jealousy  in  a  republi- 
""''  can  state;  and  as  North  America  has  no  lormidable  enemy  m  its 
vicinity,  and  as  the  peuple  are,  at  the  same  time,  extremely  studious  of  econo- 
my in  all  the  branches  t)f  the  governnuiut,  their  military  force  has  always  l)eeii 
kept  on  a  very  low  scale.  Hy  an  act  of  (;ongress,  1^15,  the  strength  of  the 
regular  army  was  fixed  at  9980  men.  In  1821  it  was  reduced  to  6442,  and 
on  the  1st  of  January,  1h;}2,  the  number  was  0,188,  viz. 

I  Major  (Jt'ueral,  2  Hrigadier  (lenerals,  1  Adjutant  General,  2  Inspector 
Generals,  1  (Quarter  Masl(>r  General,  4  tiuarter  Masters,  1  ('onmiissjiry  Gene- 
rol  of  Subsistence,  2  Commissaries,  1  Surgeon  General,  8  Surgeons,  45  Assist- 
ant Surgeons,  1  Payniaster  lien/  ral,  14  I'aymastcrs,  1  (commissary  (ieneral 
of  Purchases,  1  Assistant  Kngineer,  2  Military  Storekeepers,  12  Colonels,  12 
Lieutenant  Colonels,  1!)  Majors,  120  Captains,  148  First  Lieutenants,  148 
Second  Lieutenants,  11  Sergeant  Majors,  11  Quartermaster  Sergeants,  354 
Sergeonts,  424  Corporals,  14  Principal  Musicians,  212  Musicians,  108  Artifi- 
cers, 50  Ordnance  Men,  4452  Privates. — Aggregate,  0,188. 

The  militia,  which  constitutes  the  principal  military  force  of  the 
United  States,  consists  of  all  the  males  between  the  ages  of  18  and 
45.     According  to  returns  made  mostly  since  1830,  it  amounts  to  1,262^15 
men,  viz. 


^ 

£- 

Arkansas 

Florida 

District  of  Columbia 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Massachusetts 

Connecticut 

Rhode  Island 

Vermont 

New  York    - 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

i  Delaware 

Maryland      - 

Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Kentucky 

'Tennessee    - 

'Ohio 

{Louisiana     - 

Indiana   - 

Mississippi    - 

Illinois     - 

Alabama 

Mi--ouri 

Michigan 

#. 

2 

a> 

3 

a. 

s 
P' 

OD  o    CE 

tc  3   ^5 

GDaD'XQDOfDijD'XGDaDaDaDfriaDaDar)aDOD'X!QDix(i''xaDQogt) 
tiM^^^^w^i^OlMCC45^5«050^lMl-'M^^M^^cce«scoc*5^i 

tCOOCCO;OOOOOMOOOOrf».ajCOO»**.0000«0 

a> 

• 

2,028 
1,756 

"b>  OD  "o  "o*  "^1  "o  "oD  1-'  "oD  "oj  "o  "b«  "^1  "o  "i-  »6.  --»  H-  "os  05  ~a>  ari  "oi  "^  "^ 

oo^o^5^^ooolfiDOO^•-'^X)OI»-'0'*»•-»►--o^ococ5rf»cc 

3  = 

»  - 

•   o 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

rn 

S 

2 

M 
3 

o 

1829 
1830 

D 

41,136( 
29,1491 

5  ■• 

•  o 

i 


Tilt:  UNITKi)  HTATKH,  10 

Wlicii  IIh'  militia  urc  calltil  info  tin*  firld  Jin-  .'ictiiMl  scivitT,  tliry  linvi'  tlio  wuiio 
pay  niiJ  allowuucrs  us  Iht;  rfgiiiar  iinnv,  Iml  un'.tnily  ImjuiiiJ  tu  fccrvc  lor  »i.x 
inoiitliK. 

Tht!  navy  ord'"'  InitiMl  Stat«s  is  small  in  pnirit  f)f  niimlx-rs,  Imt  is 
^jcrliaps  tin;  \)t'^l  oruani/oil  and  most  rlll-ctivr  in  the  world.  Tin-  ini-  "*' 
r\|iri'l('d  and  astonisliiiiff  siku"  s.s  of  their  fri^^afrs  in  condiats  with  Jlritish  vos* 
sols  of  tilt*  sanu'  »l/(>s  diirinji  '•  "  '"^''  ^^■"'■»  •'.slaltlislicd  at  oner  the  n'i)Htati(in  of 
till'  Amcric  in  navy  iur  skill  and  prowrss  in  the  ryes  of  l-lMropc  ;  and  llu;  LInitcd 
Ntalrs,  with  a  .'ryfew  shi(»«»,  alr<'a<|y  rank  hi;i;li  as  a  naval  power.  Kmni 
iHlti  to  IN'-M,  one  million  of  dolla/=?  was  expended  amiiially  in  hiiilding  ships 
of  war.  .Since  1^21  lln-  sum  thns  appropriated  has  heeii  reduced  onu  half. 
The  sfrenjith  ol'the  American  navy  is  as  loijows  in  \<\\i. 

7  ships  of  tlu!  line,  7  frigates  of  the  lirst  rate,  li  of  the  second  rate,  15  sl<MipH 
of  war,  H  schooners.  'V\n:  oldest  vcssoU  ure  th(!  United  Stales,  the  Constitu- 
tion, and  the  (.'onstellation,  fdl  huilt  in  the  yenr  1797.  Now  huildin^  in  the 
United  States,  0  ships  of  the  line,  and  7  frigates.  C)f  tlu-  rank  of  lieutenants 
and  upwards,  th(;re  ar<;  H"J5;  surgeons  and  assistant  snri,'eons,  97  ;  pursers  41  ; 
t'haplains  9 ;  inidshipmi'n  44r);  sailinj;  masters  :U) ;  hoatswains  17;  gunners 
19;  carpenters  l',\;  sail-makers  14.  In  the*  marine  corps  there  are  1  colonel, 
a  captains,  and  U9  li('ut(^nants. 


Niiini*  Hiiil  rntiv 


Line  Hhips. 
Independence     -     ...     74 

Franklin 74 

Washington       ....     74 

Columhus 74 

Ohio 74 

North  Carolina     -     •    -     •  74 
Delaware 74 

Frigates,  1st  Class. 

United  States 44 

<  'onstitution 44 

(iuerricre 44 

Java 44 

Potomac 44 

Hrandywine       ....     44 
Hudson 44 

Frigates,  2d  Class. 

Congn'ss 30 

Constellation 36 

Macedonian       ....     36 

Sloops  of  War. 
John  Adams      -     .     - 

Cyane  

Erie 

Ontario 18 

Peacock 18 

Boston 18 

Lexington 18 

Vincennes 18 

Warren 18 

Natchez    ......  18 

Falmouth      ....  i8 

Fairfield 18 

Vandalia 18 


VVh)!n  uiiil  wlicri!  Iiiiilt. 


24 
24 
18 


IVwton 

Philadelphia     •     .     . 
I*ortsm(jiitli,  N.  H.  .     . 
Washington     •     -     - 
New  York     .     .     .     . 
Philadelphia     -     -     - 
Ciosporf,  V'a.       .     -     . 

Philadelphia     -     .     • 

Poston 

Philadelphia     .     -     . 
Paltimore       -     .     .     . 
Washington     -     -     . 
^Vashington    -     .     .     . 
Purcliased  (New  York) 

Portsmouth,  N.  H.     - 
Baltimore       .     .     .     . 
Captured     .... 


Charleston,  S.  C. 
Captured     -     - 
Baltimore       .     . 
Baltimore    .    .  - 
New  York      -     - 
Boston       -     - 
New  York     .     - 
New  York 
Boston     .     . 
Norfolk      .     . 
Boston     -     - 
New  York 
Philadelphia    -    - 


1814 
181.'-, 

1816 
1819 
1820 
1820 
1820 

1797 
1797 
1814 
1814 
1821 
1825 
1826 

1799 
1797 
1812 

1799 
1815 
1813 
1813 
1813 
1825 
1825 
1826 
1826 
1827 
1827 
1828 
182S 


20 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF 


|M 


Namu  and  rtite. 


St.  Louis IH 

Concord 18 

Schooners,  tSfc. 
Dolphin  .•--..     12 

Grampus 1*2 

Porpoise 12 

Shark 12 

Enterprizc 12 

Boxer  -------  12 

Fox 3 

Sea  Gull  [galliot]      -    -    -     . 


WIdmi  iiikI  vvliorc  hiiilt. 


VVashiiigl(ni  - 
rortsiiiduth 

Philadelphia  - 
Washington 
Portsmouth    - 
Washington 
New  York     - 


1828 
1828 

1821 
1821 
1820 
1821 
1831 


Boston 1831 

Purchased      -     -     -     -     1823 
Purchased 1823 


NAVV    YAKDS. 

There  are  seven  navy  yards  helonging  to,  and  occupied  for  the  use  of,  the 
United  States,  viz. 

No.  1.  Tlic  navy  yard  at  Portsmouth,  N.  II.  is  situated  on  an  island,  on  the 
east  side  of  Piscataqua  river,  within  the  jurisdiction  of  Massachusetts,  contains 
fifty->ei^ht  acres,  and  cost  $5,500. 

No.  2.  The  navy  yard  at  Charlestown,  Mass.,  is  situated  on  the  north  side 
of  Charles  river,  on  a  point  of  land  east  of  the  town  of  Charlestown,  contains 
thirty-four  acres,  exclusive  of  extensive  flats,  and  cost  $39,214,  in(;Iuding  com- 
missions and  charges. 

No.  8^  The  navy  yard  at  New.Y<">!'k,  is  situated  on  Long  Island,  opposite  In 
the  city  of  New  York,  on  the  Wallabout  Bay,  contains  forty  acres,  including 
the  mill-pond,  and  cost  $40,000. 

No.  4.  The  navy  yard  at  Pliiladelphia  is  situated  on  the  west  side  of  the 
river  Delaware,  within  the  District  of  Southwark,  adjoining  the  city  ol  Phila- 
delphia, in  the  state  of  Pennsylvania,  contains  eleven  acres,  to  low-water  mark, 
and  cost  $37,000. 

No.  5.  The  navy  yard  at  Washington,  in  the  District  of  Columhia,  is  situated 
on  the  Eastern  Branch  of  tiie  river  Potomac,  contains  thirty-seven  acres,  and 
cost  $4,000. 

No.  6.  The  navy  yard  at  Gosport  is  situated  on  the  south  hraneh  of  Eliza- 
beth river,  adjoining  the  town  of  Portsmouth,  in  the  state  of  Virginia,  contains 
sixteen  acres,  and  cost  $12,000. 

No.  7.     Pensacola,  Florida. 

It  was  reserved  for  the  lawgivers  of  the  United  States  to  make  the 
bold  experiment  of  dispensing  with  a  state-religion.  In  New  Hamp- 
shire the  legislature  is  empowered  to  avthorlzc,  and  in  Massachusetts  the  legis- 
lature  is  enjoined  to  require,  the  several  towns  and  parishes  to  make  adequate 
provision,  at  their  own  expense,  for  the  support  of  Protestant  ministers.  The 
same  was  the  case  in  Connecticut  until  1818,  when  it  was  abolished  by  the 
new  constitution.  But  in  all  the  other  twenty-two  states,  the  support  of  religion 
is  left  entirely  to  the  voluntary  zeal  of  its  professors.  The  result  has  shown 
that  Christianity  has  a  firm  hold  in  the  nature  of  man,  and  is  rather  injured 
than  served  by  those  costly  establishments  which  so  often  abridge  free  inquiry 
and  Rberty  of  conscience,  engender  fierce  animosities  among  rival  sects,  per- 
petuate the  errors  and  dogmas  of  unenlightened  times,  and  degrade  religion  into 
an  engine  of  civil  tyranny,  or  the  ally  of  ignorance?  and  imposture.  In  the 
large  towns  and  populous  places  of  New  England,  and  the  middle  states,  reli- 
gious instruction  is  more  taithfiilly  and  abundantly  dispensed,  and  religious  ordi- 
nances are  more  strictly  and  universally  observed,  Uian  in  any  other  coentry 
in  the  world.  In  newly-settled  districts,  where  a  small  |)opulafion  is  spread 
over  a  wide  surface,  the  means  of  religious  instruction  are  ot'fen  deficient. 


28 
28 


'>i 


THE  UNITED  SPATES.  21 

The  most  numorous  sects,  arc  Conjiireiintionulists,  Presbyterians,  Episcopali- 
ans, Methodists,  Baptists,  Lutherans,  Unitarians,  and  Quakers. 

Benevolent  soeietirs,  and  reHgious  institutions  of  every  kind,  are  Benevolent 
far  uiore  numerous  than  in  (Jreat  Britain,  in  proportion  to  the  popu-    Societies, 
lation  :  the  following  is  a  list  of  the  princijjai : 

BENEVOLENT  SOCIETIES. 


NAME. 


(Connecticut  Miss.  Soc. 
JMiiiadelphia  Bible  Soc. 
Am.  Board  I'^or.  Miss. 
Am.  Bap.  Bd.  For.  Miss. 
Am.  Tract  Society,  Bost. 
Am.  Education  Society, 
Am.  Asy.  Deaf  and  Dumb, 
American  Bible  Society, 
l^resby.  Br.  Am.  Ed.  Soc. 
Board  Miss.  Gen.  Assem. 
Methodist  Miss.  Society, 
Board  Edu.  Gen.  Assem. 
Am.  Colonization  Society, 
Dutch  Ref.  Miss.  Society, 
Amiirican  S.  S.  Union, 
Biiptist  Gen.  Tract  Society, 
Prison  Discipline  Society, 
Mass.  S.  S.  Union, 
American  Tract  Society, 
Am.  Temperance  Society, 
Am.  Home  Miss.  Society, 
Am.  Seamen's  Friend  Soc. 
Mass.  Miss.  Soc.  rcorg. 
American  Peace  Society, 
African  F^ducation  Society, 


Presidents. 


For- 
ma. 


Hon.  Jonathan  Brace, 
Rt.  Rov.  Wm.  White,  d.  d, 
John  C.  Smith,  ll.  d. 
Rev.  Jesse  Mercer, 
Hon.  William  Reed, 
Samuel  Hubbard,  ll.  d. 
Hon.  Natlianiel  Terry, 
Col.  Richard  Varick, 
Arthur  Tappan,  Esq. 
A.  Green,  d.  d.  ll.  d. 
Rev.  Elijah  Heading, 
Th.  McAuley,  d.  d. 
Charles  Carroll, 

Alexander  Henry,  Esq. 
Rev-Wm.  T.  Brantly, 
Hon.  William  Jay, 
Hon.  William  Reed, 
S.  V.  S.  Wilder,  Esq. 
Marcus  Morton,  ll.  d. 
S.  Van  Rensselaer,  ll.  d. 
S.  Thompson,  ll.  d. 
Leonard  Woods,  d.  d. 

Rt  Rev.  Wm.  Meade,  d.  d. 


17!)8 
1808 
1810 
1814 
1814 
1816 
1816 
1816 
1817 
1818 
1819 
1819 
1819 
1822 
18-J4 
1824 
1825 
1825 
1825 
1826 
1826 
1826 
1827 
1828 
1830 


Income, 
1828-9. 


!«!2,070  33 
7,724  41 
102,000 

16,061 

13,896 

30,4Ji4 
2,;i41 


00 
90 

18 
18 
55 


143,184  33 

8,000  00 
14,176  11 


19,561  93 

4,470  71 
18,527 

5,256 

3,531 

1,018 


00 
76 
00 

80 


60,000  00 

26,997  31 
1,214  38 
5,247  32 


JB48o,714  20 


Income, 
1829-30. 


,<j};3,013  06 

106,928  26 
20,000  (M) 
11,102  06 
30,710  14 

170,067  55 
12,632  00 
12,632  43 
13,128  0(» 

20,295  00 
4,604  00 

70,521  70 
5,5:36  39 
3,:«3  52 
1,465  46 

60,210  00 

33,229  00 
4,159  87 

495  85 


$584,084  29 


PRACTICAL  QUESTIONS  ON  THE  GENERAL  VIEW  OF 
THE  UNITED  STATES. 

1.  What  are  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  United  States? 

2.  What  are  the  principal  chains  of  motmtains  1 

3.  What  is  the  general  direction  of  these  mountains  ? 

4.  How  do  these  mountains  divide  the  United  States  ? 

5.  Which  division  coinprlses  the  great  -valley  of  the  Mississippi  ? 

6.  Which  are  the  two  largest  lakes  wljolly  within  the  United  States  ^ 


m 


7.  Mention  those  lakes  which  lie  half  in  the  United  States  and  half 
Upper  Canada. 

8.  What  are  the  principal  rivers  in  the  United  States  ? 

9.  What  can  you  say  of  the  climate  ? 

10.  What  is  said  of  the  south-west  wind  west  of  the  Alleghanies? 

11.  Wliat  is  said  of  the  mea«  temperature  of  the  year  at  Philadelphia,  com- 
pared with  the' corresponding  latitudes  on  the  coast  of  Europe? 

12.  How  long  are  the  mouths  of  the  Delaware  and  St.  Lawrence  shut  by 
ice  in  a  year  ? 

13.  What  is  said  of  the  rains  and  dews? 

14.  What  of  storms  of  thunder  and  lightning? 

15.  Mention   the   powers   and   dutii-s  vested   in  tiie  general  land-office  ai 
Washington. 


22  GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF 

16.  At  what  places  aro  other  land-offices  established  f 

17.  How  are  tlie  public  lands  obtained  ? 

18.  How  aro  these  lands  surveyed  and  set  off? 

19.  How  much  of  each  township  is  allotted  for  the  support  of  schools? 

20.  How  much  land,  west  of  the  AUeghanics,  has  been  set  apart  lor  the 
endowment  of  superior  seminaries  of  learning  ? 

21.  What  is  the  whole  number  of  acres  of  public  land  in  1832? 

22.  In  what  manner,  and  at  what  price,  are  the  public  lands  oHered  for  sale? 

23.  In  what  manner  are  the  title  deeds  executed? 

24.  What  part  of  the  United  States  are  adapted  to  the  cultivation  of  tobacco? 
—25.  Cotton?— 26.  Hice?— 27.  Sugar? 

28.  In  wnat  section  of  the  I'nited  States  is  gold  found? 

29.  In  what  States  are  mines  of  iron, ore  worked? 

30.  From  what  country  do  the  United  States  obtain  copper? 

31.  From  what  State  is  our  lead  chiefly  obtained? 

32.  Mention  in  what  States  coal  is  found,  and  where  is  one  of  the  largest 
formations  in  the  world  ? 

33.  How  is  salt  chiefly  obtained? 

34.  Where  do  salt  springs  abound? — 35.  What  is  said  of  the  salt  springs  at 
Salina,  in  New  York  ? 

36.  Into  how  many  branches  is  the  legislative  power  of  the  United  States 
separated,  and  what  are  they  ? 

37.  What  power  is  committed  to  the  State  governments? 

38.  What  power  belongs  to  the  Federal  Government,  or  Congress? 

39.  What  allowance  do  Senators  and  Representatives  in  Congress  receive 
for  their  services  ? 

40.  In  what  way  do  members  of  Congress  vacate  their  places  ? 
\    41.  In  what  docs  the  tVderal  Judiciary  consist? 

42.  How  many  Judges  are  there  in  the  Supreme  Court? 

43.  What  jurisdiction  has  this  Court? 

44.  What  can  you  say  of  the  State  governments? 

45.  How  often  do  general  elections,  in  the  different    States,  occur? 

46.  What  is  the  shortest  {xriod  for  which  the  Senators  serve  in  any  of  the 
States?— 47.  What  the  longest? 

48.  Name  the  States  where  they  serve  one  year. — 49.  Where  they  serve 
two  years. — 50.  Thrt^  years. — 51.  Where  four,  and  where  five  years. 

52.  What  religious  qualification  is  necessary  for  office,  in  the  different  States? 

53.  From  what  is  the  public  revenue  derived  ? 

54.  What  is  the  average  produce  of  the  customs  ? 

55.  What  sum  is  annually  derived  from  the  sale  of  public  lands? 

56.  What  is  said  of  the  Post  Office  establishment  ? 

57.  State  the  rates  of  postage,  &c. 

58.  What  does  the  debt  of  the  United  States  consist  of?  What  the  amount 
in  1832? 

59.  What  is  the  amount  of  the  standing  army  ? 

60.  Of  what  does  the  militia  of  the  United  States  consist?  What  the  num- 
ber of  militia?  Which  State  has  the  greatest  number  of  militia?  Which  next  ? 
Which  the  third  and  fourth  ? 

61.  How  long  are  they  bound  to  serve,  when  called  into  actual  service? 

62.  What  can  you  say  of  the  navy  of  the  United  States  ? 

63.  What  is  now  the  strength  of  the  navy  ?  Where  are  the  navy-yards  of 
the  United  States  ? 

64.  How  is  religion  supported  in  the  United  States? 

65.  Mention  the  Ixmevohmt  societies  of  a  national  character. 

66.  Which  of  these  has  the  greatest  income? 

67.  Wliirli  next?  Mention  the  others  in  the  order  of  their  income. 


THE  UNITED  STATES. 


23 


STATISTICAL  TABLES. 


)ls? 

;  lor  the 


for  sale  ? 
tobacco  ? 


e  largest 

iprings  at 
ed  States 

s  receive 


ny  of  th« 

hey  serve 

rs. 

nl  States? 


le  amount 

the  num- 
ich  next  ? 

vice? 

-yards  of 


I 


M 


UNITED  STATES. 


TABLE  I. 


Population  of  the  different  States  and  Territories^  according  to  Five 

Enumerations. 


Slates  and  Terri- 

I'op. 

Pop. 

Pop. 

Pop. 

Pop. 

tories. 

1790. 

1800. 

1810. 

1820. 

1830. 

Maine, 

96,540 

151,719 

228,705 

298,335 

399,437 

N.  Hampshire, 

141,885 

183,858 

214,460 

244,161 

269,367 

Vermont, 

85,539 

154,465 

217,895 

235,764 

280,679 

Massachusetts, 

378,787 

422,845 

472,040 

523,287 

610,014 

Rhode  Island, 

68,825 

69,122 

76,931 

83,059 

97.210 

Connecticut, 

237,946 

251,002 

261,942 

275,248 

297,513 

New  York, 

340,120 

586,050 

959,049 

1,372,812 

1,934,000 

New  Jersey, 

184,139 

211,149 

245,562 

277,575 

320,779 

Pennsylvania, 

434,373 

602,545 

810,091 

1,049,313 

1,347,672 

Delaware, 

59,094 

64,273 

72,674 

72,749 

76,739 

Maryland, 

319,728 

345,824 

380,546 

407,350 

446,913 

Virginia, 

747,610 

880,200 

974,622 

1,065,366 

1,211,290 

North  Carolina, 

393,951 

478,103 

555,500 

638,829 

738,470 

South  Carolina, 

249,073 

345,591 

415,115 

502,741 

581,458 

Georgia, 

82,548 

162,686 

252,433 

340,989 

516,567 

Alabama,     > 
Mississippi,  ^ 

8,850 

40,352 

i  127;901 

I    75,448 

308,997 
110,000 

Louisiana, 

— 

76,556 

153,407 

215,762 

Tennessee, 

— 

105,602 

261,727 

420,813 

684,833 

Kentucky, 

73,677 

220,959 

406,511 

564,317 

688,844 

Ohio, 

— 

45,365 

230,760 

581,434 

937,679 

Indiana,   " 

4,651 

24,520 

147,178 

341,582 

Illinois, 

215 

12,282 

55,211 

157,575 

Missouri, 

—   . 

19,783 

66,586 

140,192 

Michigan  Ter. 

— 

551 

4,762 

8,896 

31,698 

Arkansas  Ter. 

1,062 

14,273 

30,383 

Dis.  of  Columbia, 

14,093 

24,02;^ 

33,039 

39,858 

Florida  Territory, 
Total 

— 

— 

34,723 

3,929,326 

5,309,758 

1  7,239,903 

9,638,166 

12,850,240 

REMAKK. 


The  first  complete  census  of  the  United  States  was  taken  in  1790.  The 
population  of  the  Thirteon  State.s,  at  the  time  of  the  Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence, was  not  fur  from  2,600,000. 


•■  v;  I 


24 


GENEUAL  DESCRIPTION  OF 


TABLl-:  II 


The  Total  Popvhitim  and  the  Nvmhcr  of  Slatm  in  the  Vnitcd  States  at 
different  Periods^  with  the  respeetii'e  Inerease. 


1st  Census, 

1700, 

'I'otal  I'lip. 

3,929,320 

From 

Incrnnsn. 

Hate 
pr.  ft. 

2d 

do. 

1800, 

5,309,758 

1790 

to 

1«00, 

1,308,232 

35.1 

3d 

do. 

1810, 

7,239,903 

1800 

to 

1810, 

1,930,345 

36.3 

4th 

do. 

1820, 

9,«38,1{)G 

1810 

to 

1820, 

2,398,203 

33.1 

5th 

do. 

1830, 

12,850,240 

1820 

to 

1830, 

3,212,074 

33.3 

Slaves. 

1st  Census, 

1790, 

697,090 

From 

2d 

do. 

1800, 

890,849 

1790 

to 

1800, 

199,153 

28.7 

3d  ' 

do. 

1810, 

1,191,364 

1800 

to 

1810, 

294,515 

32.1 

4th 

do. 

1820, 

1,538,036 

1810 

to 

1820, 

346,627 

29.1 

5th 

do. 

1830, 

1,88M,090 

1820 

to 

1830, 

350,654 

22.8 

TABLF.  III.. 

The  Population  of  the  several  States  and  Territories  in  1830,  the 
Number  of  Square  Miles,  the  Population  to  a  Square  Mile,  and  the 
Number  of  Slaves  in  1830. 


^V 


I'opiilalioii. 

fipmrft  Mill's. 

I'op.  to  Sij. 

Mile. 

s 

UV(*S. 

New  York, 

1,934,000 

Va. 

66,000 

Mass. 

81 

Va. 

363,637 

Pennsylvania, 

1,348,000 

Mo. 

63,000 

U.  L 

75 

S.  C. 

315,665 

Virginia, 

1,211,000 

(leo. 

61,000 

Cf. 

62 

N.C. 

246,462 

Oliio, 

938,000 

111. 

58,000 

Md. 

41 

Geo. 

217,470 

Nortli  Carolina, 

738,000 

Ala. 

51,000 

N.  Y. 

40 

Ken. 

165,350 

Kentucky, 

0S9,000 

N.  C. 

50,000 

N.J. 

40 

Ten. 

142,382 

Tennessee, 

685,000 

Mis. 

48,000 

Del. 

36 

Ala. 

117,294 

Massachusetts, 

610,000 

La. 

48,000 

Pa. 

29 

La. 

109,631 

South  Carolina, 

581,000 

N.  Y. 

48,000 

N.  n. 

28 

Md. 

102,878 

Georgia, 

517,000 

Pa. 

47,000 

Vt. 

27 

Mis. 

50,000 

Maryland, 

447,000 

Ten. 

43,000 

Ohio, 

24 

Mo. 

24,990 

Maine, 

399,000 

Ohio, 

39,000 

s.  c. 

19 

Del. 

3,305 

Indiana, 

342,000 

Ken. 

38,000 

Va. 

18 

N.  J; 

2,246 

New  Jersey, 

321,000 

Ind. 

34,000 

Ken. 

18 

111. 

746 

Alabama, 

309,000 

Me. 

32,000 

Ten. 

16 

Pa. 

386 

Connecticut, 

298,000 

S.  C. 

30,000 

N.  C. 

15 

N.  Y. 

46 

Vermont, 

281,000 

Md. 

11,000 

Me. 

12 

Ct. 

S8 

New  Hampshire,  269,000 

Vt. 

10,200 

Ind. 

10 

R.  L 

14 

Louisiana, 

216,000 

N.  n. 

9,500 

Geo. 

8h 

Me. 

0 

Illinois, 

158,000 

N.J. 

8,000 

Ala.    . 

6 

N.  II. 

0 

Missouri, 

140,000 

Mass. 

7,500 

111.     • 

3 

Vt. 

0 

Mississippi, 

110,000 

Cl. 

4,800 

Mis. 

2 

Mass. 

0 

Rhode  Island, 

97,000 

Del. 

2,100 

Mo.     • 

2 

Ohio, 

0 

Delaware, 

77,000 

R.I. 

1,300 

. 

Ind. 

0 

Dis.  of  Columb 

a,    40,000 

Ar.T. 

60,000 

Flo.  T 

".  15,510 

Florida  Ten-. 

35,000 

I- lo.  T 

.  55,000 

D.  C. 

6,050 

Michigan  'Per. 

32,000 

Mi.  T. 

38,000 

Ar.T 

.     4,578 

Arkansas  Ter. 

30,000 

D.  C. 

100 

Mich.  T.      27 

12,850,000 

1 

,888,690 

THE  UNITED  STATES. 


25 


4 


TABLE  IV. 


COLLEGES  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Uutf 
pr.  CI. 

33.1 
33.3 


28.7 
32.1 
29.1 


I 
'J 

10 

II 

VA 
14 

ir> 

K 

r 

IH 

I'.) 

\2\ 
22 
2-A 
2\ 
20 

2i; 
\h 

\2'J 

:)() 
i:n 

:u 

;!;-) 

:i7 
;t8 
:«• 

10 

■II 

12 

i;) 
II 

If) 
■ii' 

Ur 

lis 
r.i 
;■)() 
.51 
;')2 

ni 

.");') 

n'i 
:}H 
59 


Howdoin, 
\Viii(>rvillo, 
l)nrliii(iiitli, 
I'niv.  of  Vonnoiil, 
iMi(l(ll('l)iirv, 
Harvard  L'liivert^ity, 
Williams, 
Aiiihcrst, 

IJriivva  University, 
Yale, 

Washington, 
Wcsloyan  Univ. 
(,'oliimbia, 
Union, 
Ilaniiltun, 
(Jcneva, 
Collogeof  N.  J. 
Iliilgtrs, 

Univ.  of  Ponnsyl. 
Dickinson, 
.Iclli'rson, 

Western  University, 
WiiNliinston, 
AUetjIiany, 
Madison, 
St.  Mitry's,'* 
Cniv.  of  Maryland, 
St.  .John's, 
.Vfouni  St.  Mary's,* 
Cojiinihian, 
(leorirelovvn,* 
William  and  Mary, 
IFMmpden-Sydney, 
Wasliin'.;ti(n, 
Univ.  of  Viriiiiiia, 
Univ.  of  i\.  Carolina 
Charleston, 
Cotle^'e  of  S.  C. 
I'niv.  of  (ieoriiia, 
.Maliama  University, 
.leHerson, 
F.oinsi:ina, 
(Irei'nville, 
I  iiiv.  of  \ashvillc, 
K.  Tennessee, 
'i'ransylvania, 
Ceiilre, 
Vnjinsta, 
Cinidierlaiid, 
St.  .Joseph's,* 
( leor^eloun, 
Uiii\ .  of  Ohio, 
Miami  University, 
Wesiern  Reserve, 

Keliyon, 

l-'riiid\lin, 
Indiiinu, 
llhiiols, 
St.  l,onis,* 


Brnnsvviek,     Me. 
Watervill(>,      do. 
llaiK.ver,         IS.  II. 
Hurlinttton,      Vt. 
.Middlehnry,    do. 
('aMil)riilKe,      Mass. 
Williamstown,   do. 
.\ndierst,  do. 

I'rovidenre,      R.  I. 
.\(  .V  Haven,    Coini 
llarlfbrd,  do. 

Middietown,       do. 
New  "N'ork. 
Seheneetady 
C'linton,. 
(Jencva, 
Prineeton, 
.\.  Hrimswiek,    do. 
Philadelphia,    Peiin 
Carlisle, 
Canonslinrg, 
Pittshuru;, 
Washiimlon, 
Meadville, 
Union  "^Pown, 
Paliimore, 

Do. 
.Annapolis. 
iN'ear  Kmmittshjr.  do 
Wasliinirion,       Ca. 
(ieoriretov.n. 
Wiliiamslmrc, 
Prince  Kd.  Co 
UexioLrlon, 
Chariotlesville,   do. 
Chapel  Mill,      N.  C. 
Charleston,        ,S.  C. 
Colnmhia,  do. 

.Athens.  Gn. 

'{'nscidoosa,  Ala. 
Washiniiton,  Mi. 
.lacksori,  T,a. 

(ireeriviiie,       Tenn. 
\ashville,  do. 

Knoxville,  do. 

I.evniirion,  Ken. 
Dsmville,  do. 

Antrnsta,  do. 

I'rinceton,  do. 

Hardsiown,  do. 
(!eor!:;<>town,  do. 
Athens.  Ohio. 

Oxford,  do. 

Ilndson,  do. 

(lainl)ier,  do. 

i\(>\v  .Athens,      do. 
Hloominydale,     Ind. 
.Jacksonville,       II. 
St.  I.onis,  Mo. 


N.  Y. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
N.J. 


do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Md. 

do. 

do. 


D.  C. 
Va. 
do. 
do. 


KiMinJ. 


7'.ll 
820 
770 
7'.ll 
soo 
f.:iN 
7'.i:) 

821 
7(')1 
700 

H-M 

7;")! 

7'.iri 

81 

82:{ 

7l( 

770 

7;");') 

78:t 

802 
820 
800 
81.') 
82'.» 
7'.t'.» 
812 
78) 
8:iO 
821 
7'.".) 

r.'.t; 

K74 
812 

81'.) 
7'.ll 

785 
801 
78;-) 
820 
802 


\ol>.  ill 
(.■nil,.,.,. 
l.ihiiiry. 

1,800 
(•),()(  iO 

l,0(;o 

1,810 

:i.'),ooo 
2,r),')0 
2,:^o 

0,1 00 

8,r)n(i 
5,(H)0 

8,0(K) 
fi.loO 
2,'.»0() 

r)()o 

8,0(X) 


2,000 
7CH) 

m) 

8,000 
10,0(M) 


71)1 
HOC) 

7'.)S' 

S22 
821! 
82;') 
SI'.) 
8:!0 
802 
821 
S2ti 
S28 
821 
827 
8:!() 
82'.) 


2.100 
7,000 
•1,(H)() 
7.000 
y.GOO 

7(H) 
8,0(H) 
1. 800 

:i,oo( 

7.000 
2,000 
1,000 


:),;"iOO 

2,r)0o 

310 

2,:{.")() 

1 ,2.')8 
l,;')00 
l.O(K) 

i,:i(X) 

1.000 
1,000 
1,000 


182 

t;o(^ 

l.2(K) 


V„N    ill 
Sliulnilii 

l.ltlMirirN 


CuniiiK>ni'i'niciit. 


4,:foo 
coo 

8,000 

;')00 

2,H22 

2,000 
4.515 
f),0()0 
'.t,(M)0 
1,200 

f),000 
8,4.'')0 

:j,o()() 

000 
4,000 


5,000 

1,800 

50 

525 


GOO 

l.iiOO 

3,000 
1,000 

2,250 


First  Wednesday  in  Sept. 
Last  \Vedn(>sday  in  Jnly 
Last  Wed.  bnt  one  in  August. 
First  Wednesday  in  August. 
'I'liiril  Wednesday  in  August. 
I.asi  Wednesday  in  August. 
I'lrst  Wednesday  in  Sept. 
Fourth  W^ednesday  in  August, 
First  Wednesday  ni  Sept. 
Third  Wednesday  in  Aug. 
First  Wednesday  in  August. 

First  Tuesday  in  August 
Fourth  Wednesday  in  July. 
Fourth  Wednesday  in  August. 
First  Wednesday  m  August. 
Ua.st  Wednesday  in  Sept. 
Tliird  Wednesday  in  August. 
Last  day,  not  Sunday,  in  July. 
Fourth  Wi'dnesday  in  Sept. 
Last  Thursday  in  September. 
Last  Friday  in  June. 
Last  Thursday  in  September. 
First  Wednesday  in  July. 
July  15th. 

Third  Tuesday  in  July. 
Third  Wednesday  in  July. 
Second  Wednesday  in  Feb. 
Last  week  in  June. 
Fourth  Wednesday  in  Dec. 
Near  the  last  of  July. 
July  4th. 

Fourth  W^ednesday  in  Sept. 
Third  Wednesday  in  April. 

Fourth  Thursday  in  June. 
Last  Tuesday  in  October. 
3d  Mon.  after  4th  Mon.  in  Nov 
First  W^ednesday  in  August. 
Third  Wednesday  in  Dec. 


750 
211(1 
,.500 
108 
5:50 
(.00 


l.(K)0 

1,200 

10(1 


50 


Third  Wednesday  in  Sept. 
First  Wednesday  in  October. 
First  Wednesday  in  October. 
Last  Wednesday  in  Sept. 
July  4th. 

Thursday  afler  1st  Wed.  Aug. 
Second  Thursday  in  Sept. 
1st  of  August. 

Wed.  afier  3d  Tuesday  in  Sept, 
Last  Wednesday  in  Sept. 
Fourth  Wednesday  in  August 

Fourth  Wednesday  in  Sept. 
Last  Wednesday  in  Sept. 


■a 


Catholic  Colleges:  a  lorge  part  of  the  students  m  these  belong  to  the  preparatory  department 

u 


26 


f  I 


GENERAL  DESCIIIPTION  OF 

TABLE  V. 
Theological  Seminaries. 


JVamo. 


Place. 


Hiuigor  TJicol.  Scin.    - 
Tlieologiciil  Seminary, 
Thcolopiciil  Scliool, 
Tlicol.  Institution,  -    - 
Tl.col.  Dcp.  Yale  Col.  - 
riicol.  Ins.  Epis.  CIi,  - 
Tlicol.  Scm.  of  Auburn, 
Hamilton  Lit.  &,  Tli.  Li. 
Hartwick  Seminary,    • 
Til.  Sem.  Du.  Itcf.  Ch. 
Th.  Scm.  Pr.  Ch.  U.  S. 
Scm.  Luth.  Ch.  U.  S.   - 
German  Reformed, 
Western  Th.  Seminary, 
Epis.  Th.  School,  Va.  - 
Union  Th.  Seminary,  - 
Southern  Th.  Seminary, 
South- VVestrcn  Th.  Sem. 
Lane  Seminary,      -    - 
Rock  Spring,     -    -    - 
Hanover, 


Uangor,  Mc.      -    - 
Andover,  Mass. 
Cambridge,  do.  -     - 
Newton,       do.  -     • 
New  Haven,  Con.  - 
Now  York,  N.  Y.  - 
Auburn,         do. 
Hamilton,      do. 
Hartwick,      do. 
N.  JJrunswick,  N.  J. 
Princeton,  do. 

(i!etty.sburg.  Pa.     - 
York,  do. 

Alleghany  T.  do.  - 
f'airia.x  Co.  Va. 
Pr.Ed.Co.  do.-  - 
Columbia,  S.  C.  - 
Maryville,  Ten.  - 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  - 
Rock  Spring,  II.  - 
New  Madison,  In.  - 


Com. 

roh. 

Denominnlion. 

n/irr 

in 

fit  ion. 

Lib. 
1,2(10 

Cong.     .     .     . 

ihk; 

Cong.     -     -     - 

IHOH 

f.,0()0 

Cong.  Unit. 

1H21 

1,500 

Haptist,  -     -     - 

IH2.'') 

Cong.     -     -     - 

1H2:.' 

8,000 

Prot.  Epis.  -     - 

iHlit 

:{,(i.''.o 

Presbyt.      -     - 

IH'JI 

.'^.WO 

Majjlist,  -     -     - 

IH2() 

1,300 

fiUthcran,   -     - 

iMU; 

1)00 

DutdiRef.-     - 

Presbyt.      -     - 

1S12 

f),00() 

Evaiiff.  L.  -     - 

lH2(i 

(1,000 

(J.  Ref.Ch.      - 

1^2;-) 

.3,.'500 

Presbyt.      -     - 

1H28 

Prot.  Ei)iH.  ■     - 

Presbyt.      -     - 

1824 

do.      -     -     - 

182!) 

do.      -     -     - 

1821 

fl-w 

do.      -     -     - 

182!) 

Baptist,  -     -     - 

1827 

1,200 

Presliyt.      -     - 

182!J 

43,350 


TABLE  VL 
Medical  Schools. 


JVnmc. 


Maine  Medical  School,     .     .     . 
New  Ilampshiro  Medical  School, 
Medical  Society  Univ.  Vermont, 
Vermont  Academy  of  Med.  .     . 
Mass.  Med.  Col.  Harv.  Univ. 
Berkshire  Med.  Ins.  Win.  Col.  . 
Med.  Dep.  Yale  College,  .     .     . 
Col.  Phys.  and  Surg.  N.  Y.  .     . 
Rutgers  Med.  Fac.  Gen.  Col.     . 
Col.  Phys.  and  Surg.  W.  Dist.  . 
Med.  Dep.  Univ.  Penn.     .     .     . 
Med.  Dep.  Jefferson  College,     . 

Med.  Dep.  Univ.  Md 

Med.  Col.  Charleston,  S.  C.  .  . 
Med.  Dep.  Transylvania,  Univ. 
Med.  College  of  Ohio, .     .     .     . 


Place. 


Brunswick,    . 
Hanover,  .     . 

Burlington,  . 
Casticton,  .  . 
Boston,  .  . 
Pittsfield,  .  . 
New  Haven,  . 
New  York,  . 
New  York,  . 
Fairfield,  N.  Y. 
Pliiladelpliia, . 
Canon sburg,  . 
Baltimore, 
Charleston,  . 
Lexington,  . 
JCincinnati,    . 


Prof. 

Stuilrnt.i. 

A 

yy 

3 

103 

3 

40 

4 

.I 

01 

7 

100 

."i 

Gl 

7 

113 

G 

5 

IGO 

9 

420 

5 

121 

G 

1.30 

G 

200 

6 

113 

[For  further  Statistical  Tables,  see  Appendix.] 
NUMHER  OF  STUDENTS  IN  COLLEGE,  IN  PROPORTi^lv   TO  POPrL\TION. 


Eastern  States,  1  stud,  to  1,231   inJi. 
Middle  States,  1      do.      3,465   do. 


Southern  States,  1  stud,  to  7,232  inh. 
Western  States,    I      do.      fi,0()0. 


Law  Schools. — At  Cambridge,  Ms.,  New  Haven,  Litchfield,  Ct.,  Philadelphia,  Williams- 
burgh,  Va.,  Charleston,  S.  C.  and  Lexington,  Ky.  « 

Principal  Libraries. 

Philadelphia  Library,  42,000  volumes;  C^ambridgc  University  labrary,  35,000;  Boston 
Athenaeum,  20,000, ;  Now  York  Library,  22,000;  National  Library,  Washington,  16,000; 
Charleston  Library,  13,000. 


■::y- 


'I'HK  UNITKI)  STATKS. 


27 


III. 

yoh. 

rr- 

tn 

ini. 

Lib. 

k; 

1,2(10 

O,'^ 

(i,000 

^>i 

I/jOO 

rif) 

00 

H,000 

i|!t 

;<,(;.')(i 

!'-}| 

:<,r)r)() 

'20 

1,300 

'Ki 

i)00 

<\2 

(1,000 

.2(i 

«:,ooo 

^2^) 

3,r»()o 

*28 

^24 

>2!» 

^:21 

550 

^2!) 

C>7 

1,200 

i'2'J 

.. 

43,350 

>9 
[)3 
10 

)1 
)0 
51 

13 

30 
>0 
>1 

50 
)0 

:3 


QUESTIONS  ON  TABLE  III. 

I.  Which  is  the  most  populous  stnto  in  the  Union? 
"2.  Mention  tho  six  n(3Xt  in  order  of  their  ])oj)ulation. 
a.  Whicli  state  has  tlic  fewest  inhabitants? 

4.  Which  next? 

5.  Which  stat(!  lias  the  greatest  number  of  square  miles? 

6.  Metilion  the  six  next  in  order. 

7.  Which  state  has  the  least  number  of  square  miles? 

8.  Which  is  the  next  smallest  state? 

9.  Which  state  is  the  most  thickly  settled,  that  lias  the  greatest  number  of 
inhabitants  on  a  square  mile  ? 

10.  Which  next? 

II.  Mention  the  four  next  in  order. 

12.  Which  two  have  the  least  dense  population? 

1.'}.  AVhicli  state  has  the  greatest  number  of  slaves? 

14.  Mention  the  six  next  in  order. 

15.  (;an  you  mention  the  three  states  that  have  the  least  number  of  slaves? 
IG.  Atention  the  states  that  have  no  slaves. 

17.  What  was  the  total  number  of  slaves  in  the  United  States  in  1830? 

18.  How  many  colleges  are  there  in  the  United  States?   See  Table  IV. 

19.  Which  has  the  greatest  number  of  volumes  in  the  college  library? 

20.  Which  lour  stand  next? 

21.  How  many  theological  seminaries  are  there  in  the  United  States? 

22.  Which  is  the  oldest  theological  seminary  in  the  United  States,  and  when 
did  it  commence  its  operations  ? 

23.  Which  next  ? 

24.  Which  denomination  of  Christians  has  the  greatest  number  of  theologi- 
cal seminaries  ? 

25.  Which  next  ? 

26.  How  many  medical  schools  are  there  in  the  United  States  ? 
57.  Which  has  the  greatest  number  of  students  ? 

28.  Which  four  are  next  in  regard  to  numbers  ? 

29.  Where  are  the  principal  law  schools? 

30.  What  proportion  do  the  students  in  college,  bear  to  the  whole  population 
in  the  eastern  states  ? 

31.  What  proportion  in  the  middle  states? 

32.  Southern  states  ? 

33.  Western  states  ? 

34.  Which  is  the  largest  library  in  the  United  States,  and  how  many  vol- 
umes does  it  contain  ? 

35.  Which  is  the  next,  and  how  many  volumes  ? 

36.  Mention  the  four  next  in  order. 


m^- 


[ON. 
inh. 

,  Williams- 


10;  Boston 
in,  16,000; 


a« 


DKCLARATION  OF 


Mi 


;   i: 


lu .  * 


i)K(.'LAii.\Ti( )N  OF  I xi )i:im:n I )i:nl'h. 

In  CoNonEss,  July  4,  177<;. 
The.  Unanimous  Declaration  of  the  Thirteen  United  States  of  America. 

.,  ^^  \\'iii;\,  ill  the  cinirsc  1)1"  liiiiiKiii  I'vciifs,  it   IxM-diMcs  necessary  fur 

oi  iiii>  dill'  |Mn|i|r  to  (lissdlvc  tlic  |M)li!ic;il  li.iiids  wliieli  have  c'oiiiieoted  tlioiu 
''"'''''"''"""'■  with  ;iiiiilhi'r,  niid  tit  ;issiiiiii',  iiiiiiuiii;  ihe  powers  ol'  the  earth,  tlie 
separate  ami  eipial  station  towhieh  th<*  laws  of  nature  and  ol' nature's  (iod 
eiilitle  tluiii,  a  d' ei'iit  nspi  et  (o  ilie  opinions  of  nianUind  r(Mjiiir(-.s  that  they 
slionid  ihrlare  the  eaiises  wliieh  impel  thini  to  the  separation. 

W'e  hold  these  truths  to  he  self-evident ; — that  all   men  are  created  (>qual, 
Uiiniirnniiic  that    tlii'V  are  <'iidow<'d    hy   their  Creator    with   certain    unalienahle 
tlHMli'niiii'    '"ii-''''^?  '''''•'   •■iiiinnif  these  are  lili-,  liiierly,  and  the  pursuit  of  happi- 
er-      ness.    'J'hat  to  secure  these  riiihts,  <i;overnmeiits  are  instiluted  ainon^ 
men,  deriviii<^  their  just  powers  from  the  consent  of  the  ij;overned ;  that  when- 
ever anv  jltrm  of  ^overinneiit  hecnmes  destructive  of  these  <  iids,  it  is  the  riiiht 
of  the  peojile  to  alti'r  or  lo  aholish  it,  and  to  institute  a  new  ;io\eniiiient,  layiiri;; 
its  (I)iiiidation  on  such  priiicipli's,  ;iiid  ori_fani/.inij;  its  powers  in  such  form,  as  to 
tiiem  slifdl  seem  most  likely  to  elfect  their  sajlty  and  happiness,    i'nidence,  in- 
deed, will  dictati',  that  fjjoverinnents  loiiu;  estahlished  should  iiol  he  changed  for 
lii^ht  and  transient  caus(N ;  and  accordinifly  all  ex[)erienci:  hath  shown,  that 
mankind  an^  more  disposed  to  suilir  w  hile  evils  an*  sutli'rahle,  than  to  riiijht 
iheiiiselves  hy  !d)olishin;ir  the  forms  to  which  they  are  accustomed,      jiiit  when 
a  lonir  train  of  lUiuses  and  usurpations,  pursuin;^  invariuhly  the  same  (ihject, 
Ah-ioiiui'    ''viiK'es  a  desiirn  to  reduce  them  under  ahsohite  despotism,  it  is  their 
lyniiiiiy  iiir  rii^ht,  it   is  their  diifv  to  throw  oil"  such  ij;overnment,  and  to  provide 

ohjrct  of  till-     '  1      !•       .1     •  ■  r  ,  •»  oil  i  .1  ••       .         i" 

kiiianf  new  iruards  lor  their  liitiire  sirurity.  fencli  has  been  the  patient  sut- 
«;ri',it  Hot-  (;. ranee  of  these  colonies;  and  such  is  now  the  nocessity  which  cou- 
strains  them  to  alter  their  liiriiiei-  systems  of  irovernment.  The  his- 
tory of  the  present  kinif  of  (Jreat  llrifain  is  a  liTstory  ol"  re[)ealed  injuries  and 
usurpations,  all  havinif  in  direct  ohject  the  estahlishment  of  an  ahsoluto  tyranny 
(jver  th('S(;  states.     To  prove  this,  let  facts  he  suhmitted  to  a  candid  world. 

I  fe  has  refused  his  assent  to  laws  the  most  wholi'soine  and  necessary  tor  the 
public  fi'ood. 

Ho  lias  forbidd(Mi  his  <i;overnors  to  jiass  laws  of  immediate  and  pressing  im- 
Itrritriiion  portaiicc,  iiiiless  suspended  in  their  operation,  till  his  assent  should 
ii'mi'iislm'ia  '"'  <'l>^-'iii*''' 5  '''"(1  wlieii  so  suspcMulcd,  lie  has  Utterly  iieirlected  to  at- 
tiniis  on  iiii"  tend  to  them.  He  has  refused  to  jiass  other  laws  for  the  acconimo- 
ilu''lVriii->ii  datioii  of  lar<f<'  districts  ol'  people,  unless  those  people  would    relin- 

"^'«"  (piish  the  rii_dit  of  i«'pi'i'';iiitation  in  llir  leiiislatiire — a  liLdit  iiiesli- 
mahlc  to  them,  and  lormidable  to  t\  ranis  onl\. 

He.  has  cjilled  together  lejiislative  bodies  at  places  unusual,  uncomfortable, 
and  distant  from  th.e  repository  oi'  their  public  records,  tor  the  soh;  purpose  of 
fatiifiiinif  them  into  compliance  with  his    ueasiires. 

\\v  has  dissolved  representative  hoiisis  repeatedly,  for  opposing,  with  manly 
firinnoss,  his  invasions  on  the  riirhts  ol"  the  jn-ople. 

He  has  refus('<h  for  a  Imux  time  after  such  dissolutions,  to  cause  others  to  he 
elected;  whereby  the  legislative  pouirs,  incapable  of  annihilation,  have  return- 
ed to  the  people  at  larije,  for  their  exercise ;  the  state  reinaininij,  in  the  mean 
time,  cxpos(>d  to  all  the  dan;j;ers  of  invasion  from  without,  and  convulsions 
within. 

Hn  has  endeavored  to  prevent  tlii' population  of  these  states  ;  (iir  that  pur- 
pose nhstructing  the  laws  tor  naturalization  ol"  foreijjfners ;   refusing  to  pass 


M 


,  177<». 

lurica. 

ictod  \\\v\\\ 
cartli,  tlio 
ire's  (lod 
that  tlicy 

ltd  equal, 
lialieiiahle 
(if  lia|)|)i- 
ed  !iinon<f 
hat  w  heii- 
<  the  riiiht 
lit,  layiirLi; 
)rin,  as  to 
ilencc,  in- 
laiiued  for 
own,  that 
1  to  riifht 
But  w  lien 
mv.  ohjcM't, 
it  is  theii* 
to  ])rovi(l(! 
atient  .siii- 
,hich  cou- 
The  his- 
juries  and 
0  tyranny 
orld. 
ry  lt>r  tlie 

^s.sin<ij  ini- 
•nt  sliould 
•teil  to  ut- 
iifToinino- 
luld  rclin- 
rht   inesti- 

infortable, 
urpose  ol" 

ith  manly 

hers  to  he 

ve  retuni- 

the  mean 

)nvnlsions 

tlint  j)ur- 
g  to  pass 


INnEPENDHNCK.  '^9 

othor.s  to  onrourafjc^  t1i»Mr  nii^^nition  liillu'r,  and  raising  iho  conditions  of  new 
uppro|)riati()ns  of  lands. 

lit!  has  ohstructed  the  udniinistration  ol"  pisiii-e,  by  niiisinia;  his  assi'nl  to 
hiws  t'or  estidtlishini;  judiciary  powers. 

lie  has  made  judges  depentlent  on  liis  will  alnnc,  for  tht^  tenure  of  their 
t>llic,es,  and  the  am.>unt  and  payment  of  their  saliiries. 

lie  has  erected  a  nuiltitudc  of  new  ollices,  and  sent  liitlu>r  swarms  of 
otlieers,  to  harass  our  |H'0[)le,  and  eat  out  their  siihstaiice. 

lie  has  kept  amnn^  us,  in  times  (if  peace,  standiiiij;  armies  without  the  con- 
sent ol'  t»ur  legislatures. 

lie  has  allirted  to  render  tho  military  independent  ol",  and  su[)('rior  to,  the 
civil  power. 

lie  has  combined  with  others  to  subject  us  to  a  jurisilictinn  foreign  to  our 
constitution,  and  tmacknowlcdgctl  by  onr  laws;  jiivinif  his  assent  to  their  acts 
of  i)reteiided  legislation  : 

For  quarteriiiL;  lar^e  bodies  of  armed  troops  amou^j;  us: 
For  protcctinii  them,  by  a  nidck  trial,  iVom  punishment  for  any  murders 
which  they  should  commit  on  the  inhabitants  of  tin.'si!  states: 
For  cutlinu:  oil*  our  trade  with  all  parts  of  the  world : 
For  imposinii;  taxes  on  us  without  our  coiisi  nt : 
For  dcpriviiu;  ns,  in  many  cases,  of  tho  benefits  of  trial  by  jnry : 
For  transijortinij:  us  U'vond  seas,  to  be  tried  for  pretended  ollences : 
For  al)o!ishiiii,r  the  i'vvn  syst<>ni  of  lCn;,dish  laws  in  a  nei^hhoriiiji;  province, 
establisliinc!;  therein  an  arbitrary  jfovermneiit,  and  enlarginir  its  boundaries,  so 
as  to  render  it  at  onco  an  example  and  fit  instrument  for  introducing  tho  same 
absolute  rul(>  into  th(\so  colonies  : 

For  takiiiL!;  awiiy  our  charters,  abolishing  our  most  valuable  laws,  and  alter- 
ing, i'undaiiientally,  the  torms  of  onr  governments : 

For  suspending  our  own  legislatures,  and  declaring  themsc^lves  invested  with 
power  to  legislate  Irir  us  in  all  cases  whatsoever. 

He  has  abdicated  ifovernment  here,  by  declaring  us  out  of  his  protection, 
and  waging  war  against  us. 

lie  has  plundered  our  seas,  ravaged  our  coasts,  burnt  our  towns,  and  de- 
stroyed the  lives  of  our  people. 

lie  is  at  this  time  transporting  large  armies  of  foreign  mercenaries  to  com- 
plete^ the  works  of  death,  desolation,  and  tyranny,  already  begun  with  circum- 
stances of  cruelty  and  perfidy,  scarcely  parallekMl  in  thf;  most  barbarous  ag(\s, 
and  totally  unworthy  the  hc^ad  of  a  civilized  nation. 

lie  has  constrained  our  fellow-citizens,  taken  captive  on  the  high  seas,  to 
bear  arms  against  their  country',  to  bec(Mne  tlu;  executioners  of  their  friends 
and  brethren,  or  to  tall  themselves  by  their  hands. 

lb'  has  excited  domestic  insurrections  amongst  us,  and  has  eiidi  avored  to 
bring  (III  the  inhabitants  of  our  frontiers,  the  merciless  Indian  savages,  whose 
known  rule  of  uartiire  is  an  imdistinguished  destruction  of  all  ages,  sexes,  and 
conditions. 

In  every  stage  of  these  oppressions,  we  liav(>  petitioned  ll>r  redress    iviiiions 
in  the  most  htinible  terms:  our  repeatc^d  petitions  have  been  answered  ,1',','uvaiiijnu, 
only  by  repeated  injury.    A  princ(%  whose  character  is  thus  marked       *""• 
by  every  act  which  mavdeline  a  tvrant,  is  iiiifit  to  be  the  ruler  of  a  free  people. 
Nor  have  we  been  wanting  in  attentions  to  our  Mritish  brethren.     We  have 
warned  them,  from  time  to  time,  of  attempts  by  their  legislature  to  extend  an 
unwarrantable  jurisdiction  over  us.     We  have  r(>minded  them  of  the  circum- 
stances of  onr  migration  and  settlement  here.      We  have  appealed  to  Appeal  to 
•    their  native  justice  and  magnanimity,  and  we  have  conjured  them  by  |,'Io^>^'ivuit 
tlu!  ties  of  our  common  kindred  to  disavow  tlu^e  usurpations,  which    ii"s,  &c. 


m 


30 


DKin.ARATlON  OF  INDKIMINDKNCK. 


would  iiiovitiiMy  int(;rni|)t  our  coinu'xions  and  corn'.siioiidnico.   'I'licy  loo  lmv(! 

b»'cn  deal"  to  the  voin*  of  justice  and  cuusanifuinity.     We  must,  lln'relorc!,  m;- 

quirsci*  in  the  necessity  wliicli  denounces  our  separation,  a!)d  hold  tlieni,  us  wo 

hold  llu;  rest  of  mankind — enemies  in  war,  in  peace  friends. 

Di'cinriitinn      ^^''''»  tliorclorc,  tilt!  rt'proscntativoa  of  llu;  United  States  of  Aincri- 

onmlciHii-  pji,  in  uenerai  <'on<fress  assem])led,  appealiim  to  the.Su|»reme  .ludiieof 

the  world,  li)r  \\\r  rectitude  of  our  intentions,  do,  in  the  name  and  by 

the  authority  of  tiie  <foo(l  people  of  tluvsi;  colonies,  solemnly  puhiish  and  dc- 

-,.      ,      clarc,  that  thes(!  united  colonies  are,  and  of  ri'dit  oU'dit  to  l;e,  fret; 
J  no  com-         1  •     1  1  1        1  I      1      I'l-  'ii     II     • 

iii('snii:<(iivi>  and  independent  states;  that  they  are  ahsolvei!  irom  all  alli'ifiance  to 

'iVomTi'ir'ir  ''"'  I'litish  crowu,  and  that  all   political  »Mtnnexinn  hetween  them  and 

aik-ciiirirc,  (he  state  of  Cireat  Uritaln  is,  and  ouirht   to  he,  totally  dissolved; 

and  that,  as  free  and  independent  stati-s,  they  hav(;  full  power  to  levy 

war,  conclude  peace,  contract  alliances,  establish  conunerce,  ahd  to  do  all  t)ther 

acts  and  things  which  independent  states  may  of  right  do.    And  I'or  the  sup- 

Miitiini    I""'^  "''  ^'"'^  declaration,  with  a  linn  reliance  on  the  protection  of  I)i- 

piodufof    vine  Providence,  we  uuituallv  pledge  to  each  other  oiu*  lives,  our  for- 

fidelity.      ,  111.. 

tunes,  and  our  sacreil  lionor. 
The  fore<roing  declaration  was,  by  order  of  congress,  engrossed  and  signed 
by  the  following  members  : 


Npui  Ifdinpshire. 
JOSIAII  HART  LETT, 
Wlfd.IA.M  Wlill'Pr.E, 
MATTI IKVV  THORNTON. 

]\fftss(irh  iisrtts-  Batj. 
SAMUEL  ADAMS, 
JOHN  ADAMS, 
ROBERT  TREAT  PAINE, 
ELBRH^GE  (JERRY. 

Rhotlv  Island,  cVr, 
STEPHEN  HOl'KINS, 
WILLIAM  ELLERY. 

Connecticut. 
ROGER  SHERMAN, 
SAMUEL  HUNTINGTON, 
WH,LTAM  WILLIAMS, 
OLIVER  WOL(X)TT. 

IScw  York. 
WILLIAM  FLOYD, 
PHILIP  LIVINGSTON, 
FRANCIS  LEWIS, 
LEWIS  MORRIS. 

New  Jersey. 
RICHARD  STOCKTON, 
JOHN  WITHERSPOON, 
FRANCIS  HOPKINSON, 
JOHN  HART, 
ABRAHAM  CLARKE. 

Pennsylvania. 
ROBERT  MORRIS, 
BENJAMIN  RUSH, 
BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN, 
JOHN  MORTON, 
GEORGE  CLYMER, 
JAMES  SMITH, 


JOHN  HANCOCK. 

GEORGE  TAYLOR, 
JAMES  WILSON, 
GEORGE  ROSS. 

Delaware. 
CESAR  RODNEY, 
GEORGE  REED, 
THOMAS  M'KEAN. 

Maryland. 
^^AMUEL  CHASE, 
WILiJAM  PACA, 
THOxMAS  STONE, 
CHARLES  CARROLL, 

of  Carrollton. 

Virs[inia. 
GEORGE  WYTHE, 
RICHARD  HENRY  LEE, 
THOMAS  JEFFERSON, 
BENJAMIN  HARRISON, 
THOMAS  NELSON,  Jr. 
FRANCIS  LIGHTFOOT  LEE 
CARTER  BRAXTON. 

North  Carolina. 
WILLIAM  HOOPER, 
JOSEPH  HEWES, 
JOHN  PENN. 

South  Carolina. 
EDWARD  RUTLEDGE, 
THOMAS  HEYWARD,  Jr. 
THOMAS  LYNCH,  Jr. 
ARTHUR  MIDDLETON. 

Georgia. 
BURTON  GWINNETT, 
LYMAN  HALL, 
GEORGE  WALTON. 


If  '^». 


# 


r^JL. 


TIIK  UNITKl)  RTA'I 


31 


loo  liavo 
'fort',  Ml- 
II,  us  wo 

f  Amori- 

ll(lif<Mtf 

('  1111(1  by 

Mini  do- 

>  !)(',  iVi't! 

ifiaiico  to 

llu'iii  and 

issdlvrd ; 

T  lit  levy 

all  other 

till-  siip- 

1)11  of  l)i- 

i,  our  Ibr- 

id  signed 

JOCK. 


ton. 


LEE 


CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNlTi;n  STATj  3. 

VVI'',  the  |»eo|)le  «tf  (he  United  States,  in  order  to  form  a  more  pcrtort  uiijon, 
e.stahlish  jiistiee,  iiisiirr  domestic  tniiKinilhly,  [trovide  for  the  coiiiinoii  -fence, 
|iroiiiofe  i\n>.  ffeiierfil  ucilare,  and  secure  the  hiessini^s  of  hherly  to  mi^elves 
and  our  |)ost(;rity,  do  ordain  and  cstal)lish  tliis  Constitution  I'or  tho  United  States 
t)l'  America. 

AUTICLR  I. — SRCTION  I. 

All  leiiislative  powers  herein  granted,  shall  bo  vested  in  a  Con-  ^,^^    ^  ^^ 
cross  ol'  the  United  States,  which  shall  consist  of  a  senate  and  a 
house  of  reiireseiitatives. 

SECTION    ir. 

Tiu;  House  of  Representatives   shall    be  composed  of  memlxM-s   „oii(ienf 
cliosen  every  second  year  by  the  people  of  the  several  states;  and  "fpr'Ni-iita- 
the  electors  in  each  state  shr.ll   have  the  qualifications  re(|iiisitc  for 
electors  of  the  most  luimeroiis  branch  of  the  stat(>  legislature. 

No  person  shall  be  a  representative  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  tlic  ago 
of  twenty-live  years,  and  lux'n  seven  years  n  citizen  of  the  United 
States,  and  who  shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that 
state  in  which  be  shall  be  chosen. 

K(^presentatives  and  direct  taxes  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  several 
states  which  may  be  included  within  this  union,  according  to  their  Apportion- 
respective  numlHMN,  which  shall  be  determined  by  adding  to  tlu;  "'^'"^• 
whole  number  of  free  persons,  including  those  bound  to  serviw;  An*  a  term  of 
years,  and  excluding  Indians  not  taxed,  three-fifths  of  aJl  other  persons.  The 
actual  enumeration  shall  be  made  within  the  three  years  after  the  first  meeting 
of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  and  within  every  subsequent  term  of  ten 
years,  in  such  manner  as  they  shall  by  law  direct.  The  number  of  represent- 
atives shall  not  exceed  one  for  every  thirty  thousand,  but  each  state  shall  have 
at  least  one  representative ;  and  until  such  enumeration  shall  b(^  made,  the 
state  ol'  Niw  Hampshire  shall  bo  entitled  to  clioose  three;  Masmchui>vtts 
eight ;  Rhode  Island  and  Promdcnce  Plantations  one ;  Connecticut  five  ;  New 
1  orA:  six  ;  New  Jersei/ tour ;  Pennsi/1  rania  cliiht;  Delaware  onv  ;  Maryland 
six  ;  Virg^inia  ten  ;  North  Carolina  five ;  South  Carolina  five ;  and  Georgia 
three. 

When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representation  from  any  state,  the  „ 
executive  authority  thereof  shall  issue  writs  of  election  to  fill  up  such 


vacancies. 


Officers,  and 


The  house  of  representatives  shall  choose  their  speaker  and  other  i">wer  of  im- 
otficers,  and  shall  have  the  solo  power  of  impeachment.  ''^"'^ '""'"  " 

SECTION    III. 

The  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall  be  composed  of  two  sena- 
tors from  each  state,  chosen  by  the  legislature  thereof,  for  six  years ; 
and  each  senator  shall  have  one  vote. 

Immediately  after  they  shall  be  assembled  in  consequence  of  the  first  elec- 
tion, they  shall  be  divided,  as  equally  as  may  be,  into  three  classes. 
The  seats  of  the  senators  of  the  first  class  shall  be  vacated  at  the 
expiration  of  the  second  year,  of  the  second  class  at  the  expiration  of  the 
fourth  year,  and  of  tlie  third  class  at  the  expiration  of 'the  sixth  year,  so  that 
one-third  may  be  chosen  every  second  year ;  and  if  vacancies  happen,  by  re- 
signation or  otherwise,  during  the  recess  of  the  legislature  of  any  state,  the 


;i2 


CONSTrniTION  ()!•' 


-1. 


h*  ,! 


,!!■.. 


Jiidgincnt. 


cxrcutivr  thereof  niny  iniik»>  frin|M»rnry  ii|)i)(»inliiuiits  until  the  next  meeting  of 
the  Ifj^'isliitiirc,  wliifli  sIimII  iIhii  lill  such  viicmicirs. 

No  iMTsnn  shiill  Iw  II  srn.itnr  who  sliiill  not  hiivf  iittiiiiicd  In  the  n<i<' of  thirty 
.,    ,„       vrars,  iiiul  htrii  nine  N(  ars  ii  citi/.cii  ul'  tlir  I Hilcd  Stales,  iiiid  who 
ti»ii»ui°     slwill  not,  when  ciirtcd,  Ik;  an  inhahilaiit  ot  that  staU;  lor  wliieii  ho 
""-''"'•^•"    shall  Ih- chosen. 

'I'hr'  vice-president  of  the  Tniled  Slates  shall   he  preside  nf  of  llu; 
Senate,  hut  shall  iiave  no  vote  indess  they  Im-  e(|iiall\  diMdcd. 
othcroffl-       The  senate  shnll  <diiM»se  their  other  oilicers,  and  also  u  president 
•^•^^"'      pro-lcmpore,  in  the  alisrncc  of  the  vici'. president,  or  when   he  shall 
exercise  the  ollice  oj'  president  of  the  I  nited  States. 

Trinlnfiiii  'I'he  seiiale  shall  have  tiie  s(tle  power  to  try  all  inipeaelunents. 
l"''"^'"""'"'' When  sitting' for  that  purpose,  they  shall  Im- on  oath  or  alfirMialion. 
When  the  president  of  the  I'uiled  Slates  is  tried,  the  chi(f  justice  shall  pre- 
side; and  no  |)ers(in  shall  he  convicted  without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds 
of  the  nienihers  j)resent. 

.lii(li:iHent  in  cases  of  iitipf>achment  sliall  Jiot  extend  furtlu'r  than 
to  removal  iVom  ollice,  and  (lis(|ualificalion  to  holil  and  enjoy  any 
oflicr  of  jionor,  trust,  or  protit,  under  the  I'nited  Slates;  hut  the  party  eonvi<'t- 
cd  shall  nevertheless  he  liahU;  and  suhject  to  indictment,  trial,  jutlgment,  und 
punishment  uccuriling  to  law. 

SKCTION    IV. 

Kipotiniis        The  times,  places,  and  manner  of  holding  elections  lor  senators 
"■Ii.T!.' ',!l',"  Mn\  r(>presentatives,  shall  he  i)rescril)ed  in  each  state  hy  the  leuisla- 

uiHl  rrpr*?-  I  '  *  'III 

seiitativcu.  turc  thereof;  hut  the  conyress  may,  at  any  tune,  hy  law,  make  or 
niter  such  reL'ulatioIis,  except  as  to  the  places  of  (dioosiii|i;  senators. 
Mfciina  (if       The  couuress  shall  assi'inlile  at  least  once  iu  every  )ear,  and  such 
coiigr.s.s.   pieetinir  slialj  Im;  on  the  iirst  Monday  in  Decemher,  unless  they  shall 
by  law  appoint  a  dilferent  day. 

st;<  Tto\  V. 
Powers  of       Ivu'h  hnuso  shall  he  the  jud^e  of  the  elections,  reliu'ns,  rmd  (|uali- 
*"'•'''''""'"'■  ficaf ions  of  its  own  memhers;  and  a  majority  of  each  shall  consti- 
tute a  (juoruiu  to  do  husiness ;  hut  a  smaller  numlK-r  may  adjourn  from  day  to 
day,  and  may  !)<■  authorized  to  compel  llu;  atlendance  of  ahseut  memhers,  in 
such  maimer  and  under  such  penalties  as  I'ach  hous<'  may  j)rovide. 

Each  house  may  determine  the  rules  of  its  proceedings,  punish  its  memhers 
for  disorderly  behavior,  und,  with  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds,  expel  n 
member. 

Each  house  shall    ke(^p  a  journal  of  its  ])roceedin<;s,  and  from 

time  to  time  pid)lish  the  same,  exceptini^  such  pa. Is  as  may  in  their 

Vcasaiid    judiruient  reepii rc  sccrecy  ;  and  the  yeas  and  luiys  of  the  members 

"">'*•      of  either  lio\ise,  on  any  question,  shall,  at  the  desire  of  one-liflh  of 

those  present,  be  entered  on  the  journal. 

Adjourn-        Neither  house,  durin,^  the  session  of  congress,  shall,  without  the 

iiiL'iii.      consent  of  the  other,  adjourn   for  more  llian  three  days,  nor  to  any 

otiier  place  than  that  in  which  the  two  houses  shall  be  sitting. 

sr.eTioN  VI. 

Cnmpensa-  '^^^^  senators  and  representativ<  s  shall  receive  a  compensation  for 
tioii  nmi  their  services,  to  Ik;  ascertained  by  law,  and  paid  out  of  the  treasury 
privi  tgLs.  ^j.  ^j^^  United  States.  They  shall,  in  all  cases,  except  treason, 
felony,  and  breach  of  the  peace,  bo  privileged  from  arrest  diu'ing  their  at- 
tendance at  the  session  of  their  respective;  houses,  and  in  going  to  or  returning 
from  the  same ;  anil  ibr  any  speech  or  dt.bate  in  either  iiousc  they  shall  not 
be  questioned  in  any  otiier  place. 


Journals. 


'rilK  IINITKI)  STATUS. 


'M 


KTlinjr  of 

■  of  thirty 
,  ami  wild 
wliieh  ho 

III    (if  tlu! 

■il. 
im'sidcnt 

1     Ih'    sllilll 

acliiiuiits. 

in  nation. 

shall   |ir»,- 

t\v(i-thirds 

rthf'T  than 

ciijiiy  any 

ty  coiivict- 

^iiicnt,  unci 


ir  senators 
the  Ici^isla- 
V,  Miiikt'  or 

r,  nnd  such 
i  thiy  shull 


,  and  (|uali- 
liall  consti- 
Vom  day  to 
iicnibc-rs,  in 

ts  nuMTihcrs 
Is,  expel    a 

,  and  from 
lay  in  tlicir 
ic  nicinhcrs 
onc-lil'tli  of 

without  tho 
nur  to  unv 


onsation  for 
:ho  treasury 
>pt  treason, 
iiir  their  at- 
Dr  returnin<f 
3y  shall  not 


i 


No  wnalor  or  r«'|»resenfHfivo  shnjl,  durin;,'  the  lime  litr  Hhirh  '"' [•^r|„.,,„„„, 
was  eleefj'ij,  Im' a|i|ioinlrd  to  any  civil  ollite  unrlil*  the  authority  of 'iii,iiih.rH 
the  United  States,  which  shall  havo  Int  n  (-n  nlcd,  or  the  <Miiolurnerits  ,,'j';;,'",';,|'^;,'J' 
whereof  shall  have  Imcu  increased,  durin;,'  such  liuie;  and  no  |M'rson  ri<niMiiii..i», 
holdiui^  any  oilicf!  inider  fhe  Ihiiled  Slates  shall   Ix;  a  nieniher  of 
either  houso  durin;^  his  coiilinuance  in  oltice. 

SKITION    VII. 

All  hills  (orraisinj;  reveinios  shall  (»ri;^'inale  in  the  house  of  repre-    k.-v. mio 
Honhnives  ;   hut  thr*  senate  may  propose  or  concur  uilh  ameuduientH,      "'""• 
U.<4  •    I  other  hills. 

Kvery  hill  which  shall  lmv(^  passed  fhn  house  of  re[tresontafiv(»s  |^,^^,j^,,,  „, 
and  the  senate,  shall,  Ix'litrt!  it  iM'conies  a  law,  U*  presetited  fo  the  iiif  ivipii 
|iresi(lent  of  the  I'uiled  Stales;  if  he  .-ipproyr',  he  shall  si^ui  it;  IhiI  '''"'■ 
if  not,  ho  shall  return  it,  with  his  ohjectjons,  to  that  housc!  in  which  it  shall 
have  orij^inated,  who  shall  eufer  thi;  ohjections  at  lar^e  on  their  journal,  and 
proc,<'ed  to  re-consider  it.  If,  alh-r  such  re-consideration,  two-thirds  of  that 
house  shall  airrec!  to  pass  the  hill,  it  shall  Ik'  sent,  together  with  the  ohjections, 
to  ihe  other  house,  hy  which  it  shall  lik(!wis(<  he  nvconsidered,  and  if  aj)prov<(l 
l)S  two-thirds  of  that  house,  it  shall  hecoine  a  law.  Mut  in  all  such  cases,  the 
votes  of  holh  hoMses  shall  Ix;  dcternnn(Ml  hy  yeas  and  nays,  aixl  the  names  of 
the  persons  voliiij^  llirand  aifainst  th(^  hill  shall  he  entered  otj  the  journal  of 
ear-h  house  respectively.  If  any  hill  shall  not  he  returned  by  the  president 
within  ten  days  (Siuidays  excepted)  after  it  shall  hav(^  U'cn  |)resenti'(l  to  him, 
Ihe  same  shall  Im!  a  law  in  lik(!  manner  as  if  Ik-  had  si<rned  ii,  unless  the  con- 
}^r(!ss  hy  '.'"cir  adjcjurnmcnt  prevent  its  return;  in  which  c;vsc  it  shall  not  Ixj  a 
law. 

I'lvery  order,  resolution,  or  vote,  to  which  the  concur  iiici;  of  tho  senate  and 
house  of  represcuUalives  may  Im;  necessary,  (except  (  i  a  fj\iestion  of  adjourn- 
ment,) shall  be  presented  to  the  president  of  the  United  States;  and  be^jre  the 
same  shall  take  eflect,  shall  be  approved  hy  him,  or  hein<^  disa|)proved  by  him, 
shall  he  re|)asse(l  by  two-thirds  of  the  senat)>  and  house  of  n^presentatives,  ac- 
cording to  the  rules  and  limitaticjns  i)rescrihed  in  tho  case  of  a  bill. 

SKCTION   viir. 

The  couffress  shall  have  power — 

To  lay  and  collect  taxes,  duties,  imposts,  and  excises;  fo  pay  the  rnwrraof 
debts  and  ]»rovido  f  >r  the  common  defence  and  ijeiKM'al  welfare  of  tho    conunisd. 
rnifed  Slates  ;  but  all  duties,  imposts,  and  excises,  shall  Ik3  uniform  throughout 
the  llniled  States: 

To  borrow  money  on  the  credit  of  the  United  8tat(\s  : 

To  rciiidate  commerce  with  for(;igu  nations,  and  among  the  several  states, 
and  with  tlu^  Indian  tribes  : 

To  establish  a  uniform  rule  of  naturalization,  and  uniform  laws  on  the  sub- 
ject of  bankruptci<'s,  throuirhnut  the  United  States: 

To  coin  money,  ren;nlate  the  value  thereof,  and  of  foreign  coin,  and  fix  the 
standard  of  weights  and  measures: 

To  provide  I'or  tlw^  pimishmcnt  of  counterfeiting  the  securities  and  current 
coin  of  tho  United  States: 

To  establish  post-ofhces  and  post-roads : 

To  promote  the  progress  of  science  and  useful  arts,  hy  securing,  for  limited 
times,  to  authors  and  inventors,  tho  exclusive  right  to  their  resj>cctivc  writings 
and  discoveries : 

To  constitute  tribunals  inferior  to  the  supreme  court:  to  define  und  punish 
piracies  and  felonies  counnittcd  on  the  high  seas,  and  ofiences  against  the  law 
of  nations : 


I-: 


i'ii.i 


I!' I 


^h.J 


!l 


ti 


34  CONSTITUTION  OP 

To  declare  war,  grant  lotters-of-marque  and  reprisal,  and  nmkc  rules  con- 
cerning captures  on  land  and  water  : 

To  raise  and  support  armies ;  but  no  appropriation  of  money  to  that  use 
shall  be  for  a  longer  term  than  two  years : 

To  provide  and  maintain  a  navy  : 

To  make  rules  for  the  government  and  regulation  of  the  land  and  naval 
forces : 

To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the  union,  sup- 
press insurrections,  and  repel  invasions  : 

To  provide  for  organizing,  arming,  and  disciplining  the  militia,  and  for  gov- 
erning such  part  of  them  as  may  be  employed  in  the  service  of  the  United 
States,  reserving  to  the  states,  respectively,  the  appointment  of  the  officers,  and 
the  authority  of  training  the  militia  according  to  the  discipline  prescribed  by 
congress : 

To  exercise  exclusive  legislation  in  all  cases  whatsoever,  over  such  district 
(not  exceeding  ten  miles  square)  as  may,  by  cession  of  particular  states, 
and  the  acceptance  of  congress,  become  the  seat  of  government  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  exercise  like  authority  over  all  places  purchased,  by  the  consent 
of  the  legislature  of  the  state  in  which  the  same  shall  be,  for  the  erection  of 
forts,  magazines,  arsenals,  dock-yards,  and  other  needful  buildings : — and, 

To  make  all  laws  which  shall  be  necessary  and  proper  for  carrying  into  ex- 
ecution the  foregoing  powers,  vested  by  this  constitution  in  the  government  of 
the  United  States,  or  in  any  department  or  officer  thereof. 

SECTION    IX. 

Restrictions  The  migration  or  importation  of  such  persons  as  any  of  the  states 
on  congress.  nQ^y  existing  shall  think  proper  to  admit,  shall  not  be  prohibited  by 
the  congress  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight ;  but  a  tax 
or  duty  may  be  imposed  on  such  importation,  not  exceeding  ten  dollars  for 
each  person. 

The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall  not  be  suspended,  unless 
when,  in  cases  of  rebellion  or  invasion,  the  j)ublic  safety  may  require  it. 

No  bill  of  attainder,  or  ex  post  facto  law,  shall  be  passed. 

No  capitation  or  other  direct  tax  shall  be  laid,  unless  in  proportion  to  the 
census  or  enumeration  herein  Ix'fore  directed  to  Ix;  taken. 

No  tax  or  duty  shall  be  laid  on  articles  exported  from  any  state.     No  prefer- 
ence shall  be  given,  by  any  regulation  of  commerce  or  revenue,  to  the  ports  of 
one  state  r-rr  those  of  another  :  nor  shall  vessels  bound  to  or  from  one  slate, 
be  obliged  to  t  ..ter,  clear,  or  pay  duties  in  another. 
f     Public         No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  treasury,  but  in  consequence 

money,  ^^f  appropriations  made  by  law ;  and  a  regular  statement  and  account 
of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  all  public  money  shall  be  published  from 
time  to  time. 

No  title  of  nobility  shall  ho  granted  by  the  United  States,  and  no  person 
holding  any  oifice  of  profit  or  trust  under  them,  shall,  without  the  con.sent  of 
congress,  accept  of  any  present,  emolument,  otfice,  or  title  of  any  kind  what- 
ever, from  any  king,  prince,  or  foreign  state. 

SECTION    X. 

Restrictions  No  statc  shall  enter  into  any  treaty,  alliance,  or  confederation; 
''""'^''"''''''- grant  letters-of-marque  and  reprisal ;' coin  money  ;  emit  bills  of 
credit;  make  any  thing  iuit  gold  and  silver  coin  a  tender  in  payment  of  debts; 
pass  any  bill  of  atlaiiitkr,  ex  po,st  facto  law,  or  law  impairing  the  obligation  of 
contracts;  or  grant  any  titlo  of  nobility. 

No  state  sIkiII,  without  the  consent  of  the;  congress,  lay  any  imposts  or  duiies 
on  imports  or  exports,  except  what  may  be  absolutely  necessary  for  executing  its 
inspection  laws ;  and  the  neat  produce  of  all  duties  and  imposts,  laid  by  any  state 


•'Y' 
# 


ules  con- 
►  that  use 

and  naval 
inion,  sup- 
id  for  gov- 
he  United 
ficers,  and 
icribed  by 

ich  district 
liar  states, 
the  United 
he  consent 
erection  of 
— and, 
ng  into  ex- 
jrnment  of 


f  the  states 
Dhibiled  by 
;  but  a  tax 
dollars  for 

ded,  unless 
c  it. 

lion  to  the 

No  prefer- 

hc  ports  of 

one  state. 

onsequcnco 
nd  account 
ishcd  from 

no  person 
consent  of 
kind  whut- 


Ridcration ; 
lit  bills  of 
t  of  (If'l)ts ; 
^ligation  of 

Is  or  dui;!;s 
xccuting  its 
)y  any  state 


THE  UNITED  STATES. 


85 


Electorg. 


on  imports  or  exports,  shall  be  for  the  treasury  of  the  United  States,  and  all  such 
laws  siiall  bn  subj('(;t  to  the  revision  and  control  of  the  congress.  No  state 
shall,  without  tiu;  consent  of  the  congress,  lay  any  duty  of  tojinage,  keep  troops 
or  ships  t)f  war  in  time  of  peace,  enter  into  any  agreement  or  compact  with 
{mother  state,  or  with  a  foreign  j)ower,  or  engage  in  war,  unless  actually  in- 
vaded, or  in  such  imminent  danger  ais  will  not  admit  of  delay. 

AKTKLE    11. SECTION    I. 

The  executive  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  president  of  the  United  Executive 
States  of  America.     He  shall  hold  his  office  during  the  term  of  four  '^^"^P{',i'''' 
years,  and,  together   with  the  vice-president,  chosen  for  the  same  vice-presi- 
term,  be  ekvtod  as  follows  :  '*'''"'• 

Each  state  shall  appoint,  in  such  manner  as  the  legislature  thereof 
may  direct,  a  number  of  elccto/s,  equal  to  the  whole  number  of  sena- 
tors and  roprcscintatives  to  which  the  state  may  be  entitled  in  the  congress  ;  but 
no  senator  or  representative,  or  person  holding  an  olUcc  of  trust  or  profit  under 
the  Ihiited  Stales,  shall  be  appointed  an  elector. 

"^I'lic  electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  states,  and  vote  by  ballot  for  two  per-  -phis  para- 
sons,  ofwlioin  one  at  least  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  state  with  them-   graph  has 
selves.     And  they  shall  make  a  list  of  all  the  persons  voted  for,  and  of  the  number  ^•'j^"  annul- 
of  votes  for  each  ;  which  list  they  shall  sign  and  certify,  and  transmit  sealed  to  pij^J"   gee 
the  seat  of  ofoverntnentof  the  United  States,  directed  to  the  president  of  the  senate,  art.  12th  of 
The  president  of  the  senate  shall,  in  the  presence  of  the  senate  and  house  of  re-  amendments, 
presentatives,  open  all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted.  The  person  having 
the  greatest  number  of  votes  shall  be  the  president,  if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole 
number  of  electors  appointed;  and  if  there  be  more  than  one  who  have  such  majority,  and 
have  an  equal  number  of  vot-.;s,  then  the  house  of  representatives  shall  immediately  choose,  by 
ballot,  one  of  them  for  president ;  and  if  no  person  have  a  majority,  then,  from  the  five  highest 
on  the  list,  the  said  house  shall,  in  like  manner,  choose  the  president.     But,  in  choosing  the 
jjresidcnt,  the  votes  shall  bo  taken  by  states,  the  representation  from  each  state  having  one 
vote;  a  quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members  from  two-thirds  of  tho 
states,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  states  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.    In  every  case,  afler  tho 
choice  of  the  president,  the  person  having  tlie  greatest  number  of  votes  of  the  electors,  shall 
be  the  vice-president.     But  if  there  should  remain  two  or  more  who  have  equal  votes,  tlie 
pcnate  shall  choose  from  them,  by  ballot,  the  vice-president. 

The  congress  may  determine  the  time  of  choosing  the  electors,  and 
the  day  on  which  they  shall  give  their  votes ;  which  day  shall  be  the  eiecto"s!ana 
sam(;  throughout  tho  United  States.  theirvoting. 

No  person,  except  a  natural-born  citizen,  or  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this  constitution,  shall  be  eligible  «Juaiifica* 
to  the  office  of  president :  neither  shall  any  person  be  eligible  to  that      ''""*•     ^^ 
office,  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age  of  thirty-five  years,  and  been  four- 
teen yea.rs  a  resident  within  the  United  States. 

In  case  of  the  removal  of  the  president  from  office,  or  of  his  death, 
resignation,  or  inability  to  discharge  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  said  '"^""'^>'- 
office,  the  same  shall  devolve  on  the  vice-president,  and  the  congress  may,  by 
law,  provide  for  the  case  of  removal,  death,  resignation,  or  inability,  both  of  the 
president  and  vice-president,  declaring  what  officer  shall  then  act  as  president ; 
and  such  officer  shall  act  accordingly,  until  the  disability  be  removed,  or  a 
president  shall  be  elected. 

Tlie  president  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  his  services  a  com-  compema- 
pensation,  which  shall  neither  be  increased  nor  diminished  during  the      i'""- 
period  for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected,  and  he  shall  not  receive  within 
that  period  any  other  emolument  from  tlie  United  States,  or  any  of  them. 

Before  he  enter  on  the. execution  of  his  office,  he  shall  take  the 
following  oath  or  affirmation  : 

"  I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  faithfully  execute  the  office  of 
the  president  of  the  United  States,  and  will,  to  the  best  of  my  ability,  preserve, 
protect,  and  defend,  the  constitution  of  the  United  States." 


Oaih. 


30 


CONSTITUTION  OF 


y   .i¥^» 


it':;;:- 


Powers. 


SKCTION    II. 

Tlif^  prosidont  .sluill  be  (•(•inMmndcr-in-chu'fortlK;  nrniy  mid  ?i.ivy  of 
tlic  Unitt'd  Statos, and  ol'llu!  militia  oI'iIk!  several  stat(;s,  when  called 
into  the  actual  scM-viceul'tlio  United  States;  he  may  rcHjuiro  the  opinion,  in  writ- 
injT,  of  the  jirincipal  otlieer  in  each  of  the  executive  departments,  u|M)n  any  subject 
relating  to  the  (luties  of  their  respective  oiiices ;  and  lu;  shall  hav(!  power  to 
grant  reprieves  and  pardons  for  otlences  ngaiust  tlie  United  States,  except  in 
cases  of  impeachment. 

lie  shall  liave  power,  by  and  with  iJio  advice  and  consent  of  tlie  senate,  to 
make  treaties,  provided  two-thirds  of  the  senators  present  concur:  and  Ik'  shall 
nominate,  and,  by  and  with  tlu;  advice  and  consent  of  tlie  senate,  shall  ajipoint 
ambassadors,  other  public  ministers  and  consuls,  judges  of  the  supreme  court, 
and  all  other  ollicers  of  the  United  States,  whose?  apj)ointments  are  not  herein 
otherwise  provided  for,  and  Vv'hich  shall  he  established  by  law.  Hut  the  con- 
gress  may,  by  law,  vest  the  appointment  of  such  interior  officers  as  they  think 
proiK^r,  in  the  president  alone,  in  the  courts  of  law,  or  in  the  heads  of  depart- 
ments. 

The  president  shall  have  power  to  fill  up  all  vacancies  that  may  happen 
during  tlie  recess  of  the  senate,  by  granting  coniinissions,  wliich  shall  expire 
at  the  end  of  their  next  session. 

SECTION    III. 

He  shall,  from  time  to  time,  give  to  the  congress  information  of  tlic  state  of 
the  union,  and  recommend  to  their  consideraticjn  such  measures  as  he  shall 
judge  necessary  and  expedient :  he  may,  on  extraordinary  occasions,  convene 
b<ith  houses,  or  either  of  them,  and,  in  case  of  disagreement  iK-tween  them,  witli 
respect  to  the  time  of  adjournm(»nt,  he  may  adjourn  them  to  such  time  as  he 
shall  think  proper ;  he  shall  receive  ambassadors  and  other  public  ministers ; 
he  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  be  faithfully  executed ;  and  shall  commission 
all  the  officers  of  the  United  States. 

SECTTON    IV. 

Impeach-        The  president,  vice-president,  and  all  civil  officers  of  the  United 
iiieiiiB.     States,  shall  be  removed  from  oflicc  on  im[)eacliment  for,  and  convic- 
tion of,  treason,  bribery,  or  other  high  crimes  ;uid  misdemeanors. 

AKTICLK    IIT. SECTION    I. 

Judiciary.       '^he  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  1k)  vested  in  one 
courts  and  supreme  court,  and  in  such  inferior  courts  as  the  congress  may,  from 
•""  ^*^*"    time  to  time,  ordain  and  establish.     The  judges,  both  of  the  supreme 
and  inferior  courts,  shall  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior ;  and  shall,  at 
stated  times,  receive  for  their  services  a  compensation  which  shall  not  be  dimin- 
ished during  their  contiiuiance  in  office. 

SECTION    II. 

The  judicial  power  shall  extend  to  all  cases  in  law  and  equity, 
arising  under  this  constitution,  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and 
treaties  made,  or  which  shall  bt;  mad(%  under  their  authority ;  to  all  cases 
affecting  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers  and  consuls;  to  all  cases  of  ad- 
miralty and  maritime  jurisdiction  ;  to  controviM'sies  t(t  which  the  United  States 
shall  be  a  party  ;  to  controversies  Ixstween  two  or  more  states  ;  lictween  a  state 
and  citizens  of  another  state;  Ijetwenn  citizens  of  difU'rent  states;  between  citi- 
zens of  the  same  state  claiming  lands  under  grants  of  dillerent  states;  and  be- 
tween a  state,  or  the  citizens  thereof,  and  foreign  states,  citizcins,  or  subjects. 
Original  and  In  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers  and  con- 
nppeiiaie.  ^y^\^^  ^^d  those  ill  which  a  state'  shall  be  a  party,  the  supreme  court 
shall  have  original  jurisdiction.  In  all  the  other  cases  iM'fore  mentioned,  the 
supreme  court  shall  have  appellate  jurisdiction,  both  as  to  law  and  fact,  with 
such  exceptions,  and  under  such  regulations,  as  the  congress  shall  make. 


THE  UNITED  STATES. 


37 


1(1  n.ivy  of 
lull  cjillcd 
11,  in  writ- 
iiy  subject 
power  Ui 
except  ill 

senate,  to 
1(1  ll(^  sliJill 
ill  appoint 
I'ine  court, 
not  herein 
It  the  con- 
ihcy  think 
ol"  depart- 

ay  happen 
hall  expire 


he  state  of 
IS  he  shall 
s, convene 
them,  witJi 
time  as  ho 
ministers ; 
xnnmission 


the  United 
[ind  conv  je- 


sted in  one 
i  may,  from 
he  supreme 
iiid  shall,  at 
ot  be  dimin- 


and  equity. 
States,  and 
o  all  cases 
^ases  of  ad- 
iiited  States 
tveen  a  state 
(Ctween  citi- 
es ;  and  be- 
subjects. 
?rs  and  con- 
)reme  court 
■ntioned,  tho 
1(1  fact,  with 
make. 


# 


■m 


Tlie  trial  of  all  crimes,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment,  sliall  bn 
by  jury,  and  such  trial  shall  Ix;  held  in  the  state  where  the  said 
crimes  shall  have  been  committed;  but  when  not  committed  in  any  state,  the 
trial  shall  be  at  such  place  or  places  as  tlie  congress  may  by  law  hav(;  directed. 

SKCTION    III. 

Treason  auainst  the  United  States  shall  consist  only  in  levying  war    ,^ 

,        ^  II-  1     •  •  •    •  ,  1  •  1  1     Trcison. 

urrainst  them,  or  in  adliermg  to  their  enemies,  giving;  them  aid  and 
comfort.     No  person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason  unless  on  the  testimony  of 
two  witness(;s  to  the  same  overt  act,  or  on  confession  in  open  court. 

Th(!  congress  shall  have  power  to  (l(;clare  the  punisliinent  of  treason  :  but  no 
attainder  of  treason  sJiall  work  corruption  of  blood,  or  forleiturt;,  except  during 
tiie  life  of  the  person  attainted. 

ARTICLE    IV. SKCTION    I. 

]''ull  faith  and  crfidit  shall  be  given  in  each  state  to  tlie  public  acts,   crwiithy 
records,  and  judicial  proceedings  of  every  other  state.     And  the  con- *"|^p"j|'j,'j° ',"['' 
gress  may,  by  general  laws,  prescrite  tlie  manner  in  which  such  acts,  each  uUh  r. 
n!Cords,  and  proceedings,  shall  be  proved,  and  the  ellect  thereof. 

SECTION    II. 

The  citizens  of  each  state  shall  be  entitled  to  all  privileges  and  im- 
munities of  citizens  in  the  several  states.  '  "'°"'' "''" 

A  person  charged  in  any  stat(Mvith  treason,  ftilony,  or  other  crime,  Puaitives 
who  shall  flee  Irom  justice,  and  be  found  in  anotluu'  state,  shall,  on*^^"'"-''"'^'*^^- 
demand  of  the  executive  authority  of  the  state  from  which  he  fled,  be  delivered 
up,  to  1x5  removed  to  the  state  having  jurisdiction  of  the  crime. 

No  person  held  to  service  or  labor  in  one  state  under  the  laws 
thereof,  escaping  into  another,  shall,  in  coiisequence  of  any  law  or 
regulation  therein,  be  discharged  from  such  service  or  labor ;  but  shall  be  de- 
livered up  on  claim  of  the  pai1y  to  whom  such  service  or  labor  may  be  due. 

SECTION    III. 

New  states  nay  te  admitted  by  the  congress  into  this"  union ;   but 
no  new  state  sliall  be  formed  or  erected  within  tlie  jurisdiction  of  any 
other  state,  nor  any  state  be  formed  by  the  junction  of  two  or  more  states,  or 
parts  of  states,  without  the  consent  of  tho  legislatures  of  the  states  concerned, 
as  well  as  of  the  congress. 

The  congress  shall  have  power  to  dispose  of,  and  make  all  needful  _,    ..   . 

,  11-  •  1  •  1  1        Territories. 

rules  and  regulations  respecting  the  territory  or  other  property  be- 
longing to  the  United  States ;  and  nothing  in  this  constitution  shall  be  so  con- 
strued as  to  prejudice  any  claims  of  the  United  States,  or  of  any  particular 
state. 

SECTION    IV. 

The  United  Stales  shall  guaranty  to  every  state  in  this  union,  a  ouarantee  of 
republican  form  of  government,  and   shall  protect  each  of  them  republican 
against  invasion  ;  and,  on  application  of  the  legislature,  or  of  the  ex-  s^vernmen  . 
ecutive,  (when  the  legislature  cannot  be  convened,)  against  domestic  violence. 

ARTICLE    V. 

TIh;  congress,  whenever  two-thirds  of  both  houses  shall  deem  it  Amend- 
necessary,  shall  propose  amendments  to  this  "constitution  ;  or,  on  the  >nents. 
application  of  the  legislatures  of  two-thirds  of  the  several  states,  shall  call  a 
convention  for  proposing  amendments,  which,  in  either  case,  shall  Ix;  valid  to 
all  intents  and  purposes,  as  part  of  this  constitution,  when  ratified  by  the  legis- 
latures of  three-fourths  of  the  several  states,  or  by  conventions  in  three-fourths 
thereof,  as  the  one  or  tho  other  mode  of  ratiiication  may  be  proposed  by  the 
congress ;  provided,  that  no  amendiiuMit  which  may  be  made  prior  to  the  year 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight,  shall  in  any  manner  afreet  the  first  and 


» 


itr 


38  rONSTITUTTON  OF 

fourth  clnuses  in  tho  ninth  scdion  of  tho  first  nrticio:  nnd  ihnt  no  sfatr,  with- 
out  its  consent,  shall  be  depriv'eii  of  its  equal  sulfrag*;  in  llio  .senate. 

AUTK  I.K    vr. 

_  .     ,  .  All  debts  contracted  and  en'fMifenients  (>ntrred  into,  before    tho 

adoption  ol   this  constitution,  shall  U\  as  valid   against  the  United 

States  under  this  constitution,  as  under  the  conledcration. 

Supreme        This  constitution,  !uul  the  laws  oftlie  Ignited  States  which  shall  bo 

law.       rnade  in  pursuance  thereof,  and  all  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  b<3 

made,  under  the  authority  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  the  supreme  law  of  the 

land ;  and  tlie  judges  in  every  state  shall  be  bound  thereby ;  any  thing  in  the 

constitution  or  laws  of  any  state  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

The  senators  and  representatives  before  mentioned,  and  the  mem- 
bers of  the  several  state  legislatures,  and  all  executive  and  judicial 
officers,  both  of  the?  l^nitcni  States  and  of  tlu;  several  states,  shall  1)0  bound  by 
No  religious  oath  or  affimiation  to  support  this  constitution:  but  no  religious  test 
"'*'•      shall  ever  be  required  as  a  qualification  to  any  office  or  public  trust 
under  the  United  States. 


Ratification. 


ARTICLE    Vir. 

The  ratification  of  the  conventions  of  nine  states  shall  be  sufficient 
for  the  establishment  of  this  constitution  between  the  states  so  ratify- 
ing the  same. 

Done  in  Convention,  by  the.  vnanimons  consent  of  the  Statcn  present,  the 
seventeenth  day  of  Scplnnher,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord,  one  thoi/sand  seven 
hundred  and  eighty-seven,  and  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of 
America  the  twelfth.  In  witness  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  subscribed  our 
names. 

GEOR(^tE  WASHINGTON, 
President,  and  Deputy  from  Virginia, 


NEW-HAMI'SiriRE. 

John  Langdon, 
Nicholas  Oilman. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Nathaniel  Gorhani, 
Rufus  King. 

CO^'NECTICUT. 

William  Samuel  Johnson, 
Roger  Sherman. 

NEW-YORK. 

Alexander  Hamilton. 

NEW-JERSEV. 

William  Livingston, 
David  Brearly, 
William  Patterson, 
Jonathan  Dayton. 

PENNSVLVANIA. 

Benjamin  Franklin, 
Thomas  Mifllin, 
Robert  Morris, 
(jJeorge  Clymer, 
Thomas  Fitzsimmong, 
Jared  Ingersoll, 
James  Wilson, 
Gouverneur  Morris. 

Attest, 


DELAWARE. 

George  Read, 
Gunning  Bedford,  Jr. 
John  Dickin.son, 
Richard  Bassett, 
Jacob  Broom. 

iMARYLAXD. 

James  M'Henry, 

Daniel  of  St.  Tho.  Jenifer, 

Daniel  Carroll. 

VIRGINIA. 

John  Blair, 
James  Madi.son,  Jr. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

William  Blount, 
Richard  Dobbs  Spaight, 
Hugh  Williamson. 

sou TII  CAROLINA. 

John  Rutledge, 

Charles  Cotesworth  Pinekney, 

Charles  Pinekney, 

Pierce  Butler. 

GEORGIA. 

William  Few, 
Abraham  Baldwin. 

WILLIAM  JACKSON,  Secretary. 


THE  UNITED  STATEB. 


39 


sfato,  with- 


boforo   tlio 
the  United 

eh  shall  bo 
li  shall  b<i 
law  of  the 
ling  in  the 

the  mem- 
nd  jiKJieial 
bound  by 
igious  test 
)ublic  trust 


)e  sufficient 
i  SO  ratity- 

yrcscnt,  the 
sand  seven 
I  States  of 
icribed  our 

Irginia, 


kney, 


5' 


;.«A 


'Clary. 


AMENL)Ml':i\TS  TO  TIIL<:  CONSTITUTION. 

Art.  1.  Congress  shull  make  no  law  respecting  an  establishment   luiisious 
of  religion,  or  prr)tiil)iting  the  free  e.\ercis(!  tli(;reof;  or  abridging  the    '■'""'ly- 
freedom  of  si)eech,  or  of  the  press;  or  tfio  right  of  the  people  peaceably  to 
assemble,  ancl  to  petition  the  government  lor  a  redress  of  grievances. 

Art.  ".i.  A  well-regulated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  security  of  . 

a  free  state,  the  right  of  the  people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  shall  not 
be  infringed. 

Art.  3.  No  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quartered  in  any  auortering 
house  without  th^  consent  of  the  owner ;  nor  in  time  cf  war,  but  in  a    «o''''«^''''- 
manner  to  be  prescribed  by  law. 

Art.  4.    The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their   persons,  Y^ra^gnt,  ^j 
houses,  papers,  and  effects,  against  um'easonable  searches  and  sei-   searcii  or 
zures,  shall  not  be  violated;  and  no  warrants  shall  issue  but  upon 
j)robable  cause,  supported  by  oath  or  affirmation,  and  particularly  describing 
the  place  to  be  searched,  and  the  persons  or  things  to  be  seized. 

Art.  5.  No  person  shall  beheld  to  answer  for  a  capital  or  other-priviie?esof 
wise  infamous  crime,  unless  on  a  presentment  or  indictment  of  a  ai^cusfii- 
grand  jury,  except  in  cases  arising  in  the  land  or  naval  forces,  or  in  the  militia, 
when  in  actual  service,  in  time  of  war  or  public  danger;  nor  shall  any  person 
be  subject  for  the  same  offence  to  be  twice  put  in  jeopardy  of  life  or  limb,  nor 
shall  be  compelled,  in  any  criminal  case,  to  be  a  witness  against  himself,  nor 
be  deprived  of  life,  liberty,  or  property,  without  due  process  of  law  ;  nor  shall 
■  private  property  be  taken  for  public  use,  without  just  compensation. 

Art.  6.  In  all  criminal  prosecutions  the  accused  shall  enjoy  the  Rights  of 
right  to  a  speedy  and  public  trial,  by  an  itnpartial  jury  of  the  state  "'^'^"st;''- 
and  district  wherein  the  crinw  shall  have  been  conunitted,  which  district  shall 
have  been  previously  ascertained  by  law;  and  to  1x3  informed  of  the  nature  and 
cause  of  the  accusation  ;  to  be  confronted  with  the  witnesses  against  him  ;  to 
have  compulsory  process  for  obtaining  witnesses  in  his  favor ;  and  to  have 
the  assistance  of  counsel  for  his  defence. 

Art.  7.  In  suits  at  common  law,  where  the  value  in  controversy 
shall  exceed  twenty  dollars,  the  right  of  trial  by  jury  shall  be  pre- 
served ;  and  no  fact  tried  by  a  jury  shall  be  oth(;rwise  re-examined  in  any  court 
of  the  United  States,  than  according  to  the  rules  of  the  common  law. 

Art.  8.  Excessive  bail  shall  not  he  required,  nor  excessive  fines  Bail,  punish- 
imposed,  nor  cruc^l  and  unusual  punishments  inflicted.  ments. 

Art.  9.  The  enumeration  in  the  constitution  of  certain  rights,  shall  Rights  re- 
not  be  construed  to  deny  or  disparage  others  retained  by  the  people.     ti>"eii. 

Art.  10.  The  jxjwers  not  delegated  to  the  United  States  by  the  con- 
stitution, nor  prohibited  by  it  to  the  states,  arc  reserved  to  the  states 
respectively,  or  to  the  people. 

Art.  11.  The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  not  be  con- 
strued to  extend  to  any  suit  in  law  or  equity,  commenced  or  prosecu- 
ted against  one  of  the  United  States  by  citizens  of  another  state,  or  by  citizens 
or  subjects  of  any  foreign  state. 

Art.  12.  The  electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  states,  and  Election  of 
vote  by  ballot  for  president  and  vice-president,  one  of  whom,  at  least,   F^^iiient 
shall  jiot  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  state  with  themselves ;  they  president, 
shall  name  in  their  ballots  the  person  voted  for  as  president,  and  in  distinct 
ballots  the  person  voted   for  as  vice.pr(\sident ;  and  they  shall  make  distinct 
lists  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  presid(;nl,  and  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  vice- 
president,  and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each,  which  lists  they  shall  sign  and 
certify,  and  transmit  sealed  to  the  seat  of  the  government  of  the  United  States, 


Reserved 
powers. 


State  not 
suable. 


40 


coNSTrrtrrioN  of 


PL 


u 


directed  to  tlio  pn^sidcut  of  \hr  scntilc  :  llic  prcsidiMt  tif  the  scuJilr  sliall,  ill  tin; 
prcsnu'cof  tli(5  si!ii!it(^  itnd  li()iis(i  of  rf^prost'iitativt's,  ()])t'ii  nil  tlir  (■(rtilicntfs, 
.111(1  tlif  voti's  shall  llicii  he  counted;  the  |irrsoM  having  tlic  m'calcsl  inimhfniC 
votes  for  pivsidcnt,  sliall  Ix;  the  prcsidciil,  if  such  lauuhcr  k.'  a  majority  of  tin; 
whole  nuiuhei*  of  electors  appointed  :  and  if  no  person  iiavc!  sindi  nuijority,  then 
from  tho  persons  liaving  tiie  highest  nunilxTS,  not  exceedinu;  three,  on  the  list 
of  those  voted  for  as  ]ursident,  the  iiotise  of  i-ep  resent  at  ives  shall  choose;  ininio 
diately,  hy  ballot,  the  president.  Hut,  in  clioosin<^  the  presidi'iU,  the  votes  shall 
ho  taken  hy  states,  the  represi'ntation  Ironi  each  stati;  havinj^  one  vote;  a  (pio- 
runi  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a  ineiuher  or  nienihers  from  two-thirds  of 
the  states,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  states  shall  he  nec,(>ssary  to  a  choice.  And 
if  the  house  of  repres«'ntatives  shall  not  choose  a  jiresident  wheniwer  the  rijrht 
of  clioice  shall  devolve  upon  them,  before  the  fourth  day  of  March  next  follow- 
ing, then  the  vice-president  shall  act  as  president,  as  in  the  case  of  the  death 
or  other  constitutional  disability  of  the  president. 

The  person  havinif  tlu;  ifreatest  nundx'r  of  voles  ns  vice-president,  shall  1x3 
the  vice-president,  if  such  number  1m3  u  majority  of  the  whole  lunnlx'r  of  elec- 
tors appointed  ;  and  if  no  |)erson  have  a  majority,  then  from  the  two  highest 
numbers  on  the  list,  th(!  senate  shall  choose  tlu^  vice-president :  a  (piorum  for 
the  purpose  slwUl  consist  ol'  two-thirds  oi'  the  whole  ninnber  of  senators,  and  a 
majority  of  tlu;  whole  iunnber  sfiall  be  necessary  to  a  choice. 
Unniifica.  f?ut  ui)  person  constitutionally  inelij^ri|)|(.  to  th(^  ollice  of  president, 
'''"^g^'J,[J'*'  shall  be  eligible  to  that  of  vice-president  of  the  United  tStutes. 


.^''■ft  ^, 


QUESTIONS  ON  THE  CONSTITUTION  OF  TIIE 
UNlTh:L)  STATICS. 

1.  Of  what  branches  does  the  congress  of  the  United  States  consist  ? 

2.  Of  what  is  the  house  of  representatives  composed  ? 

ti.  What  arc  the  (|ualilications  necessary  lor  a  representative? 

4.  \V'hat  number  of  inliabitants  s(nuls  a  represt'ulati\e  to  congress  ? 

rj.  When  vacancii's  happen  in  the  representation  from  any  stat(^,  how  are 

they  to  be  fdled  f 

6.  Of  what  persons  is  the  senate  composed  ? 

7.  In  what  maimer,  and  for  how  long  a  period,  are  the  senators  chosen? 

8.  into  how  many  classes  are  the  senators  divided? 

9.  How  oft(Hi  are  the  seats  of  thest;  classes  vacated  ? 

10.  When  vacancies  in  the  senate  happen  during  the  recess  of  the  legisla- 
ture of  any  state,  how  are  they  to  Ik;  iilltd  ? 

11.  VV'hat  age  must  a  senator  liave  attained  ? 

12.  How  many  years  must  lu;  have  Inen  u  citizen  of  the  United  States? 
ly.  Who  is  the  preside'Ul  of  the  senate  ? 

14.  How  often  d(tes  congress  assemble? 

15.  What  dfiy  is  iixed  for  its  meeting? 

IH.  From  what  l"imd  are  the  membcM's  of  congress  compensated  ? 

17.  When  a  bill  has  passed  the  house  of  representatives  and  the  senate,  to 
whom  must  it  Ikj  presented  bella'e  it  becomes  a  law? 

18.  Wh.at  must  the  ])resideiit  do  I 

19.  If  the  bill  is  returned  without  tin;  signatiu'e  of  the  president,  what  course 
is  to  Ix;  pursued  by  congress? 

20.  Wliat  is  a  necessary  ([ualilication  of  the  president,  with  regard  to  his 
place  of  birlh? 

21.  What  must  b(>  his  age? 

22.  During  how  many  years  inuol  he  iiave  resided  within  the  country? 


II,  III  lUr. 
•filiciitfs, 
iiiiiljfnir 

V  of   lll(! 

rity,  Ur'h 
u  tlie  list 
so  iminc- 
otcs  sliiill 
! ;  a  «iuo- 
thinls  of 
cc  And 
tlio  ri<rlit 
^t  follow- 
tluj  (kiiili 

,  sliiiU  Ik; 
r  (if  clcc- 
o  highest, 
loruin  for 
>rs,  niid  a 

president, 


,  how  arc 


hoscii  1 


m 


THE  UNITED  STATES.  41 

2:3.  For  liow  many  years  do  the  president  and  vice-president  hohl  their 
oflices '.' 

24.  In  what  manner  are  they  elected! 

Sec  Art.  IT.  Sect.  I.  clause  2,  and  Art.  12  of  the  amendments. 

25.  Who  is  to  Ik;  commander-in-chief  of  the  army  and  navy,  and  of  tho 
militia,  wlien  called  into  actual  service? 

2(5.  What  is  said  in  regard  to  the  power  of  tho  president? 

27.  What  in  regard  to  his  duty?  Sect.  111.  Art.  11. 

2H.  For  what  crimes  arc  tho  olFiccrs  of  the  United  States  to  bo  removed  from 
office  ? 

29.  Mow  is  the  judicial  power  vested? 

Hi).  In  what  dfH's  treason  against  the  United  States  consist? 

;U.  What  form  of  government  do  the  United  States  guaranty  to  every 
mcmlxH"  of  tho  great  |)o]itical  family — tiie  several  states? 

iV2.  Against  what  injuries  are  they  hound  to  protect  each  state  1 

an.   Wliut  is  said  in  regard  to  amendments? 

'M.  What  in  regard  to  religion,  freedom  of  speech,  and  of  the  press?  See 
Art.  I.  of  the  amendments. 


PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  CONTINENTAL  CONGRESS, 
FROM  1774  to  1789. 


Peyton  Randol})h,    - 
John  Hancock,    -     - 
Henry  Laurens,  -     - 
John  Jay, .     -     -     - 
Samuel  Huntington, 
Thomas  M'Kean,    - 
John  Hanson,      -     - 
Elias  Boudinot,   -     - 
Thomas  Milllin,  -     - 
Richard  Henry  Lee, 
Nathanial  Gorham,  - 
Arthur  St.  Claiv, 
(-yrus  Griffin,      -     - 


From 
Virginia,    -     - 
Massachusetts, 
South  Carolina, 
Now  York, 
Connecticut,     - 
Delaware,  -     - 
Maryland,  -     - 
New  Jersey,     - 
Pennsylvania,  - 
Virginia,     -     - 
Massachusetts, 
Pennsylvania,  - 
Virginia,     -     - 


Elected 

Sept.    5,  1774. 

May  24,  1775. 

Nov.    1,  1777. 

Dec.  10,  1778. 

Sept.  28, 1779. 

July  10,  1781 

Nov.   5,  1781. 

Nov.  4,  1782. 

Nov.  3,  1783. 

Nov.  30, 1786. 

June   6,  1786. 

Feb.    2,  1787. 

Jan.  22, 1788. 


he  legisla- 


itatcs  ? 


:  senate,  to 

hat  course 
urd  to  his 

mtry  1 


PRINCIPAL  OFFICEnS  UNDKK   THE  'FEDERAL  CONSTITUTION. 

First  Administration. 
Georoe  Washington,  Virginia,  April  30,  1789.   President. 


Massachusetts, 


"       "      Vice-President. 


Virginia,  Sept.  26,  1789.  )  ^^^^^^^^-^^  ^f 

Jan.     2.  1794.  >  ^ecreianes  oi 
,,^r  i        State. 
r95.  J 


John  Adams, 

Thomas  Jeflerson, 

Edmund  Randolph 

Timothy  Pickering,      Massachusetts,  Dec.   10,179 

Aliwander  Hamilton,     New  York,       Sept.  11,  1789.  >  Secretaries  of 
Oliver  Wolcott,  Connecticut,      Feb.     3,  1795.  ^' tho  Treasury. 

Hemy  Knox,  Massachasells,  Sej)t.  12,  1789. 

Timothy  Pickering,  "  Jan.      2,  1795. 

Maryland,         Jan.    27,  1796. 

Virginia,  Sept.  26,  1789. 

Pennsylvania,  Jan.    27,  1794. 

N'irginia.  Deo.    10,  1705. 
F 


James  M'Henry, 

Edmund  Randolph; 
William  Rradfordj 
Charles  Lee, 


Secretaries  of 
War. 

Attorneys 
General. 


''" 


:%\ 


M 


43 


OFFICERS  UNDKU   TIIK  CONSTI'I'DTION 


John  Adams, 

Thomas  Jetrerson, 

Timothy  Pickering, 
John  Marshall, 

Oliver  Wolcott, 
Samuel  Dexter, 

James  M'llenry, 
Samuel  Dexter, 
Roger  Griswold, 


Second  Adminislrntion. 

Massachusetts,  March  1,  I7!)7.     Frcsidcnt. 

«  »         Vice-lN-esidenl. 

>  ►Secretaries  ol 
May  in,  IHIH).  \        State. 


Virginia, 
Massachusetts,  Dec 


Connecticut, 
Benjamin  Stoddard,    Maryland, 

Charles  Leo, 


}  Secretaries  «)f 
.  31,  1M(K>.  ^  tli(!  Treasury. 

May   13,  IKOO  ^'^•''•'•:';;"'"'«"1" 
Feb.      3,  IHOl.  )         ^^"'"*- 

May   yi,l70s.^''^7'-^';"-y'>r 
•^  S    ^'"-  Navy. 

^  Attorney       .^ 
^   (leneral. 


Third  Administration.  '-) 

Thomas  Jeffkrson,  March  4,  \H)\.     {'resident. 

Aaron  Burr,  New  York, 


George  Clinton, 

James  Madison, 

Samuel  Dexter, 
Albert  Gallatin, 

Henry  Dearborn, 


«'  180r).  \  ^' 

March  r,,lHOl>''^"^r;^'yy^ 
^        State. 


ice-Presidents, 
f 


Virginia, 

}  Secretaries  of 
Pennsylvania,    Jan.    26,  1802.  \  the  Treasury. 

Massachusetts,  March  5,  IROl.  \  ^''^'^^^'^  "^ 


Benjamin  Stoddert, 

Robert  Smith, 

liCvi  Lincoln, 

John  Breckenridge,     Kentucky, 

Caesar  A.  Rodney,     Delaware, 


^  Secretaries  of 
Maryland,         Jan.    20,1802.^     the  Navy 

Massachusetts,  March  Ti,  1801. 
Dec.  23,  1805. 
Jan.    20,  1807. 


Attorneys 
General. 


James  Madison, 
George  Clinton, 
Elbridge  Gerry, 

Robert  Smith, 
James  Monroe, 

Albert  Gallatin, 
G.  W.  Campbell, 


Fourth  Administration. 

March  4,  1809.     President. 

Massachusetts,       "'  "       \  Vice-Presidents. 

Maryland,         March  C,  1809.  >  Secretaries  of 
Virginia,  Nov.  25,  1811.  ([        State. 

....,,^..,         Tennessee,        Feb.     9,  1814. 1  f^^^^^^^  ^^ 

Alexander  J.  Dallas,    Pennsylvania,    Oct.     G.  1814.  )  ""^  treasury. 

William  Eustis,  Massachusetts,  March  7,  1809.' 

John  Armstrong,  New  York,       Jan.    13,  1813. 
James  Monroe,  Sept.  27.  1814. 

W.  H.  Crawford,  Georgia,  March  2,  1815. , 

Paul  Hamilton,  South  Carolina,  March  7, 1809.  )  „  .       _ 

William  Jones,  Pennsylvania,    Jan.    12,  1813.  J  ftecretanes  ol 

B.  W.  Crowninshield,  Massachusetts,  Dec.  19,  1814.  ^     "^^  ^^^^^ 

Caesar  A.  Rodney, 

William  Pinknoy,        Maryland, 

Richard  Rush,  Pennsylvania, 


Secretaries  of 
War. 


Dec.  11, 181I.^):'"™T 

Fob.  I(.,  I-H.  )  "''"""'■ 


^1 


OFFK'EKS  LISJJER  THE  COiNtiTlTU'l'ION. 


43 


sidc'Ht. 
<'S  ol 

ios  of 

K'S  ol" 

y  nf 
vy. 


Fifth  A flministrdtioH. 
Jamks  Monkok,  Murch  4,  lrtl7.     Prcsidtiit. 

Daniel  J).  Tompkins,  New  York,  Vice-President. 

John  (iuincy  Adams,  MassacliuseUs,  March  5,  1817.  ]        Sfntf. 


I 


State. 


William  II.  Crawford, 


March 


r,   IMP)  S  Secretary  of 
'*'  ^^^'"  I  the  ' 


Treasury. 


John  C.  Calhoun,       South  Carolina,  March  5,  1817.  j  ^"""^{y^^^  ""^ 

B,  W.  Crow  iiinshield,  )  Socrotaries  of 

Smith  Thompson,       N.;w  Y<.rk,         Nov.  30,  1818.  i    .^'"^'il' '^'  "' 
Samuel  I..  Southard,  New  .Tersey,       Dec.     »,  18i2.3.  )     ""^  '^"^>' 


Uichard  Rush, 
William  Wirt, 


>  Attorneys 
Virginia,  Dec.  16,  1817.  \  General. 


Sixth  Administration. 
John  Qr I \<Y  Adams,  March  4,  1825.     President. 

John  C.  Calhoim,  "  "         Vice-President. 

Kentucky,        March  8,  1825.  \  S^%^/"7  ^^ 


Henry  Clay, 

Richard  Rush, 

James  Harbour, 
Peter  D.  PorU'r, 

Samuel  L.  Southard, 
William  Wirt, 


March  7, 

Virginia,         March  7, 
New  York,      May  20 


I       State. 
i  Secretary  of 
(  the  Treasury. 

,     "      }  Secretaries  of 
,  1828.  S        War. 

(  Secretary  of 
(    the  Navy. 
i  Attorney 
(  General. 


SeventJi  Administration. 

Andhrw  Jackson,  Tennessee,  March  4,  1829.     President. 

John  C.  Calhoun,  "  "          Vice-President. 

Martin  Van  I'uren,  New  York,  March  0,  1829.  >  Secretaries  of 

Edward  Livintrston,  Louisiana,  May,         1831.  y        State. 

Samuel  1).  Ingham,  Pennsylvania,  March  0,  1829.  >  Secretaries  of 

Louis  M'Lanc,  Delaware,  May         1831.  \  tne  Treasury. 

John  II.  Eaton,  Tennessee,  March  9,  1829.  >  Secretaries  of 

Hugh  L.  Wliite,               "  1831.  ^         War. 

John  Branch,  North  Carolina,  March  9,  1828.  }  Secretaries  of 

Levi  Woodbury,  N.  Ila»Tipshire,  May          1831.  ^     the  Navy. 

John  MT.  licrrien,  Georgia,  March  9,  1829.  >  Attorneys 

R.  B.  Taney,  Maryland,  1831.  ^  General. 


Chief  Justices  of  the  United  States. 

John  Jay,     -     -  -  .  New  York,  -     -  -  Sept.  20,  1789. 

William  Cushing,  -  -  Massachusetts,  -  -  Jan.    22,  1796. 

Oliver  Ellsworth,  -  -  Connecticut,       -  ■  March  4,  1796. 

John  Marshall,  -  -  Virginia,      -     -  -  Jan.    27,  1801. 


i 


4i 


OFFR'KUS  r.NDHR   INK  CONSTITUTION. 


Ministtm  to  Frann 


Govcrncur  Morris,  -     - 
.Tnmos  Monroo,    -     -     ■ 
Charles  ('.  Pinknoy, 
("harlcs  C  Pinkmiy, 
Klhridf^o  (Jerry,  •     - 
John  Marshall,    -     - 
Oliver  Ellsworth, 
William  Vans  Murray, 
William  11.  Davie,    - 
Jnmcs  A.  liayard,    -     ■ 
Robert  H.  Livingston, 
John  Armstrong,      -     • 
Joc^l  Barlow,  -     .     - 
William  H.  Crawford, 
Allx!rt  (lallatin,  -     - 
James  Ih'own,    -     -     - 
William  C.  Uives,  -     • 


of 

Niw  Jj'rsey, 

Jan. 

12,  1702. 

(( 

V'iruinia, 

May 

2^,  1H(M. 

« 

South  {'anilina, 

Sept. 

9,  1790. 

(( 

((            (( 

^ 

u 

Massachusetts, 

>  June 

T),  17U7. 

(( 

Virginia,  -     - 

s 

(( 

Connecticut,  - 

) 

(( 

Marylaiul, 

>  I'M). 

20,  179!). 

u 

North  Carolina, 

S 

ii 

J)elaware,     -     . 

Feb. 

19,  IHOl. 

(I 

New  York,  -     • 

Oct. 

2,  IHOl. 

li 

"      .     .     . 

June 

'My     1H()4. 

(« 

(-onnecticut. 

Feb. 

27,  IHU. 

(( 

(ieorgia,  -     -     • 

Apri 

1  9,  1H13. 

(( 

P(!nnsylvania,    ■ 

Ih-1). 

2M,  IHir,. 

(( 

Louisiana,     - 

•     Dec. 

9,  182:}. 

C( 

Virginia,  -     - 

■         *         * 

1829. 

Minishrs  to  Gnat  Britain. 


lu|i,J'»« 


Gcvcrncur  Morris, 
Thomas  Pinkncy, 
John  Jay,       -     • 
Rufus  King,  -     - 
James  Monroe,    • 
James  Monroe,    - 
WiUiam  Pinkncy, 
William  Pinkncy, 
John  Quincy  Adams 
Richard  Rush,     ■ 
Rufus  King,   -     - 
Albert  Gallatin,  - 
James  Barbour,  - 
Louis  M'Lane.    - 


. 

of  New  Jersey, 

Oct.    1.3,  1789. 

. 

"  South  Carolina, 

Jan.    12,  1792. 

. 

"  New  York,  -     - 

April  19,  1794. 

"     "         "      .     . 

May  29,  1796. 

•     "   V^irginia,      -     - 

April  18,  1803. 

■     "  Maryland,      - 

;  May  12,  1800. 

"         "        ... 

Feb.   20,  1H08. 

IS, 

-     "  Massachusetts,  - 

Feb.   28,  1815. 

-     "  Pennsylvania,  - 

Dec.  10,  1817. 

■     "  New  York,  -     - 

May     5,  1825. 

-     •'  Pennsylvania,    - 

May   18,  1826. 

.     "  Virginia,      -     - 

May  23,  1828. 

-     "  Delaware,     -     - 

-      -     -    1829. 

.     A: 


.«« 


it3jji*ai. 


tlkii  .»■.■. 


\ 


J. 


■4 '4 


-,     V 


v.»>f«?~y**' 


•)/ 


»   \\\ 


W'm 


•  V 


[■i 


^'»*'y)f>f -, 


^^>vB, 


"t^j 


'at  I       I 


IP 

Tiiii:  UNrri:i)  sTA'rKs. 


15 


INDIVIDUAL  STA'n:S. 


MxVlNi:. 

It  is  tho  most  tiorfh-cashTn  stnio  of  ilu-  ITnioii,  Ixtimdcil  N.  W.  nnd  N.  I)y 
Lnwor-Cnnada,  K.  I)y  New  nriins\vi<'l\,  S.  I)y  tlir  Atliintii-,  ami  W.  I>y  iVcw 
Hjxmpshirc.  It.  lies  lK!tw('('n  4M  ami  4*^  dcm-cis  N.  latilndc,  inid  <»  and  10  I"), 
longitude  from  Washington.  Its  L'roatrst  Icn^lli  tVnni  N.  to  S.  is  225  miles, 
and  greatest  breadth  from  M.  to  VV.  1!)5;  and  it  is  estimated  'o  contain 
32,628  squaro  miles.  l'o|)idatinn  in  17!K»,  !)(i,54(> ;  in  1^00,  151,710;  in 
1810,  228,705;  in  1820,  208,335;  and  in  li3t),  300,102.  Topulation  to  a 
square  mile,  12. 

Note. — The  lx)undary  of  Maine  cannot  bo  considered  as  deiinitily  wttled.  A  flisputc 
having  aristm  Iwtween  the  authorities  of  tlie  state  and  those  of  the  Ihitish  province  of  New- 
RrunHwirk,  which  adjoins  it  on  tlu;  north-east,  the  ijovemnicnls  of  the  I'Mited  States  nnd 
Great  Britain  referred  the  mutter  to  th<!  urliitralioij  of  llic  Vn\\i  of  llollaiid.  Ills  award  haw 
been  fiivcn;  but  it  has  not  proved  satisfactory  to  the  |K'ople  of  Maiui',  and  the  senate  of  tlio 
United  Stales  has  not  yet  consented  to  its  ratification. 


TABLE  OV  TIIK  COUNTIES  ANDCOirNTY  TOWNS. 

Distance 

Counties. 

Poll.  injd. 

I'cip,  isnii. 

County  'J'owns, 

fop. 

troiii 
AiiRU»ta. 

Cumberland 

sir 

49,445 

00,113 

I'ortland 

12,001 

53 

Hancock 

s 

17,850 

24,347 

Castinc 

1,155 

78 

Kennebec 

m 

40,150 

52,491 

AlCUSTA 

t  Wi.scassct 

y,9so 

2,443 

24 

Lincoln 

s 

40,843 

57,1>^1 

{ To|)sham 
^  Warren 

1,504 
2,030 

31 
44 

Oxford 

?r 

27,104 

35,217 

Paris 

2,337 

42 

Penobscot 

71 

13,870 

31,530 

Hanifor 

2,808 

CO 

Somerset 

nw 

21,787 

35,788 

Norridi^ewock 

1,710 

28 

Waldo 

s 

22,253 

20,790 

Helfiist 

3,077 

40 

Washington 

V 

12,744 

21,295 

Maohias 

1,021 

113 

York                mc 
Total 

40,283 

51,710 

^  York 
\  Alfred 

3,485 
1,453 

99 
80 

298,335 

399,402 

Note. — The  small  letters  annexed  to  the  counties  indicate  their  situation  in  the  several 
states ;  as  e,  w,  n,  s,  ne,  nm,  em,  Sfc,  cast,  west,  north,  south,  north-east,  north  of  middle,  east 
of  middle,  Sfc.  The  seats  of  go>'ernment  of  tiic  ditTercnt  states  are  printed  in  small  capitals. 
When  more  llian  one  town  is  mentioned  to  a  county,  tiie  first  is  tiic  county  town. 


:4 


11 


■*  *  '^»^Hii«w»>»«  ^^mm 


46 


MAINE. 


1 1^ ;  !i 


m  \rm 


ill 


Mill 


i-,i'   I 


The  principal  rivers  urc  tlic  Penobscot,  Kenncbcck,  Androscoggin,  Saco,  St. 
Croix,  and  St.  Johns.  The  principal  bays  are  Casco,  Penobscot,  Frenchman's, 
Englishman's,  Machias,  and  Passamaquoddy.  The  most  noted  lakes  are 
Moosehcad,  Umbagog,  Scbago,  Schoo^c,  and  several  others  farther  in  the 
interior. 

Maine  is  rather  an  elevated  country,  having  generally  a  diversified  surface. 
A  tract  commencing  on  the  west  side  of  the  state,  east  of  the  White  Mountains, 
in  New  Hampshire,  and  holding  a  north-east  direction  as  far  as  the  heads  of  the 
Aroostic,  about  IGO  miles  in  length,  and  60  in  its  greatest  breadth,  is  moun- 
tainous. Katahdin  mountain,  in  this  range,  is  supposed  to  be  the  highest  land 
between  the  Atlantic  and  the  St.  Lawrence.  There  is  also  a  small  mountain- 
ous tract  in  the  northern  extremity.  The  remainder  of  the  state  may  be  con- 
sidered, generally,  as  a  moderately  hilly  country. 

The  tract  of  country  along  the  sea-coast  from  10  to  20  miles  wide  embraces 
all  the  varieties  of  sandy,  gravelly,  clayey,  and  loamy  soils,  frequently  inter- 
spersed at  short  distances ;  seldom  very  rich,  in  many  places  tolerably  fertile, 
but  generally  poor.  Of  this  section  Indian  corn,  rye,  barley,  grass,  &c.  are 
the  principal  productions.  In  the  tract  lying  north  of  this,  and  extending  50 
miles  from  the  sea  in  the  western,  80  in  the  central,  and  90  in  the  eastern  part, 
the  same  kinds  of  soil  are  found,  but  they  are  less  frequently  diversified,  and 
generally  more  fertile.  The  surface  rises  into  large  swells  of  generally  good 
soil,  between  which,  on  the  margin  of  the  streams,  are  frequently  rich  inter- 
vals, and  in  other  places  sandy  or  gravelly  pine  plains,  or  spruce  and  cedar 
swamps.  Of  this  section  the  principal  productions  are  grass,  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  barley,  rye,  flax,  &c. 

The  country  beyond  the  limits  above  specified,  is  but  little  settled.  It  exhi'^'th 
great  diversities  in  the  appearance  of  its  soil,  growth  of  timber,  and  also  . 
climate.  The  land  on  the  Kennebeck,  and  between  this  river  and  the  Penob- 
scot, is  accounted  the  best  in  the  district.  It  is  well  adapted  to  the  various  pur- 
poses of  agriculture,  and  as  a  grazing  country,  it  is  one  of  the  finest  in  New 
England. 

Though  the  climate  of  Maine  is  subject  to  great  extremes  of  heat  and  cold, 
yet  the  air  in  all  parts  of  the  country  is  pure  and  salubrious.  The  summers  in 
most  parts  are  favorable  to  the  growth  of  all  the  vegetable  productions  of  the 
northern  states.  In  some  parts,  however,  Indian  corn  and  some  other  plants 
of  a  more  tender  kind,  are  frequently  injured  and  sometimes  destroyed  by  frosts 
late  in  the  spring  and  early  in  autumn.  The  cold  of  winter  is  severe,  yet  the 
serenity  of  the  sky,  and  the  invigorating  influence  of  the  atmosphere,  during 
the  same  season,  make  amends,  in  some  degree,  for  the  severity  of  the  weather. 
It  is  said  that  an  inhabitant  on  Kennebeck  river  requires  more  clothing  in  winter 
to  keep  him  comfortable  in  Boston  than  at  home. 

Maine  enjoys  great  facilities  for  commerce.  The  coast  is  indented  with  bays, 
abounding  in  excellent  harbors.  All  the  settled  parts  of  the  country  lie  near  a 
market,  and  the  produce  of  the  farmer  is  readily  exchanged  for  money,  at  a 
good  price.  Value  of  the  exports  for  the  year  ending  1st  Jan.  1830,  $738,000. 
The  principal  article,  of  export  is  lumber.  Vast  quantities  of  boards,  shin- 
gles, clapboards,  masts,  spars,  «Stc.  are  transported  to  the  neighboring  states,  to 
the  West  Indies,  and  to  Europe.  Much  of  the  fire-wood  consumed  in  Boston, 
Salem,  &c.  is  brought  from  Maine.  Dried  fish  and  pickled  salmon  are  con- 
siderable articles  of  export.  Beef,  pork,  butter,  pot  and  pearl  ashes,  and  some 
grain,  are  also  among  the  exports. 

The  principal  manufactures  consist  of  cotton  and  woollen  cloths,  hats,  shoes, 
boots,  leather,  iron,  nails,  distilled  spirits,  and  cordage.  The  number  of  cotton 
mills  in  1831,  was  8 ;  capital  in  do.  $765,000 ;  yards  of  cloth  made  annually, 
1,750,000. 


.f 


12, 

pas 


MAINE. 


47 


;in,  Saco,  St. 
''renchman's, 
d  lakes  are 
irther  in  the 

sified  surface, 
te  Mountains, 
3  heads  of  the 
dth,  is  moun- 
I  highest  land 
all  mountain- 
!  may  be  con- 
vide  embraces 
jquently  inter- 
lerably  fertile, 
^rass,  &c.  are 
extending  50 
e  eastern  part, 
Uversified,  and 
generally  good 
itly  rich  inter- 
nee and  cedar 
,  Indian  corn, 

led.   Itexhi*H^ 
!r,  and  also  .' 
and  the  Penob- 
le  various  pur- 
finest  in  New 

heat  and  cold, 
'he  summers  in 
ductions  of  the 
-ne  other  plants 
royed  by  frosts 
severe,  yet  the 
Dsphere,  during 
of  the  weather. 
)thing  in  winter 

snted  with  bays, 
antry  lie  near  a 
or  money,  at  a 
830,  $738,000. 
>f  boards,  shin- 
boring  states,  to 
med  in  Boston, 
^almon  are  con- 
ishcs,  and  some 

ths,  hats,  shoes, 
umber  of  cotton 
made  annually, 


History. 


There  are  20  banks  in  this  state ;  6  at  Portland,  including  a  brancli  of  the 
United  States'  Bank ;  2  at  Saco ;  2  at  Bath ;  1  at  Kennebunk ;  1  at  Augusta , 
1  at  Gardiner ;  1  at  Waterville ;  1  at  Bangor ;  1  at  Thomaston ;  1  at  S.  Ber- 
wick ;  1  at  Brunswick ;  1  at  Vassalborough,  and  1  nt  Winthrop. 

The  first  permanent  settlement  in  Maine  was  formed  about  the  year 
1630;  and  for  several  years  the  government  of  the  colony  was  ad- 
ministered in  the  name  of  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges  as  proprietor  of  the  country. 
In  1652,  the  inhabitants  of  Maine  were  placed  under  the  jurisdiction  of  Mas- 
sachusetts. The  country  was,  however,  afterwards  claimed  by  the  heirs  of 
Gorges,  but  was,  in  1677,  purchased  by  the  colony  of  Massachusetts.  From 
that  time  the  territory  formed  a  part  of  the  colony  and  afterwards  of  the  state 
of  Massachusetts,  and  was  styled,  the  District  of  Maine,  till  the  year  1820, 
when  it  was  erected  into  an  independent  state. 

The  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  in  1819,  and  went  into  . 

operation  in  1820.  The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  Senate  and  and  govem- 
a  House  of  Representatives,  both  elected  annually  by  the  people,  on  '"^"'" 
the  second  Monday  in  September..  These  two  bodies  are  together  styled  The 
Legislature  of  Maine.  The  number  of  representatives  cannot  be  less  than  100, 
nor  more  than  200.  A  town  having  1,500  inhabitants  is  entitled  to  send  1  re- 
presentative;  having  3,750,2;  6,775,3;  10,500,4;  15,000,  6;  20,250,  6; 
26,250,  7 ;  but  no  town  can  ever  be  entitled  to  more  than  7  repT(\sentatives. 
The  number  of  fenators  cannot  be  less  than  20,  nor  more  than  31.  The  legis- 
lature meets  at.  Augusta  annually,  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  January. 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  annually  by  the 
people,  on  the  second  Monday  in  September,  and  his  term  of  oflice  cominences 
on  the  first  Wednesday  in  January.  A  council  of  seven  members  is  elected 
annually  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  January,  by  joint  ballot  of  the  senators  and 
representatives,  to  advise  the  governor  in  the  executive  part  of  government. 

The  right  of  suffrage  is  grpnted  to  every  male  citizen  aged  21  years  or  up- 
wards (excepting  paupers,  persons  under  guardianship,  and  Indians  not  taxed), 
having  had  his  residence  established  in  the  state  for  the  term  of  three  months 
next  preceding  an  election. 

The  Literary  Seminaries  in  Maine  are  Bowdoin  College  at  Ih-unswirk,  a 
flourishing  institution ;  Waterville  College,  at  Waterville,  under  the  direction 
of  the  Baptist  denomination ;  a  Theological  School  at  Bangor ;  the  Gardiner 
Lyceum,  at  Gardiner ;  and  the  Maine  Wesleyan  Seminary,  at  Rcadfield,  which 
unites  agricultural  and  mechanical  labor  with  literary  instruction. 

Every  town  is  required  by  law  to  raise  annually,  for  the  support  of  common 
schools,  a  sum  equal  at  least  to  40  cents  for  each  person  in  the  town,  and  to 
distribute  this  sum  among  the  several  school  districts,  according  to  the  number 
of  scholars  in  each. 

On  an  island  in  Penobscot  river,  there  arc  still  the  remains  of  the 
Penobscot  tribe  of  Indians.  They  consist  of  about  100  families,  arc 
Roman  Catholics,  and  have  a  church  and  a  priest. 

The  Baptists  have  210  churches,  136  ministers,  22  licentiates,  and 
12,936  communicants;  the  Congregationalists,  156  churches,  107 
pastors,  and  9,626  communicants;  the  Methodists,  56  ministers,  and  12,1R2 
communicants ;  the  Free-will  Baptists,  about  50  congregations ;  the  Friends, 
about  30  societies;  the  Unitarians,  12  societies  and  8  ministers;  the  I-lpiscopa- 
lians,  4  ministers;  the  Roman  Catholics,  4  churches;  the  New  Jerusalem 
Church,  3  societies  ;  and  there  are  some  Universalists. 

The  number  of  periodical  papers  in  1830,  was  22. 

This  state  sends  8  representatives  to  congress. 

The  governor's  salary  is  1500  dollars. 


Indians. 


Rrlicion, 
IKII. 


V- 


m 


*:i  Lit: 


-18 


NEW  IIAxMPSHIRE. 


•i; 


^ 


PRACTICAL  QUESTIONS  ON  MAINE. 

1.  Between  what  degrees  of  latitude  and  longitude  does  Maine  lie? 

2.  What  is  its  length  and  breadth  1  V 

3.  How  many  square  miles  docs  it  contain  ? 

4.  What  was  the  population  in  1830?  .     ^ 

5.  What  is  the  population  to  a  square  mile  ] 

6.  How  many  counties  does  it  contain  ? — 1.  Name  them. 

8.  What  are  the  principal  rivers  in  Maine? — 9.  Bays? — 10.  The  most 
noted  lakes  ? 

11.  What  was  the  value  of  the  exports  in  1829? 

12.  What  was  the  number  of  cotton  mills  in  1831  ? 

13.  What  arc  the  principal  articles  of  export  ?  >  , 

14.  What  do  the  principal  manufactures  consist  of? 

15.  What  was  the  number  of  yards  of  cotton  cloth  made  in  1831  ? 

16.  How  many  banks  arc  there  in  the  state? 

17.  When  was  Maine  admitted  into  the  Union  ? 

18.  When  is  the  general  election  ? 

19.  When  and  how  often  docs  the  legislature  meet  ? 

20.  To  whom  is  the  right  oi  suffrage  granted  ?  , 

21.  Name  the  principal  literary  institutions. 

22.  How  much  is  every  town  obliged,  by  laW;  to  raise  annually  for  the 
support  of  common  schools  ? 

23.  Where  are  the  remains  of  the  Penobscot  tribe  of  Indians,  and  what  is 
said  of  them  ?  \ 

24.  Name  the  principal  denominations  of  Christians  in  the  state.  \ 

25.  How  many  representatives  docs  Maine  send  to  Congress  ? 

26.  What  is  the  governor's  annual  salary  ?  *  ■ 


1^ 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


m 


ARMS  or  i\i:\V  IIARIPSIIIUE. 

New  Hampsiiirr  is  bounded  N.  by  Lower  CMunda  ;  E.  by  Maine ;  S.  E.  by 
the  Atlantic ;  S.  by  Massacliuaetls ;  and  W.  by  Vermont.  It  lies  between  42" 
41'  and  4mi'  N.  lul.  Jiud  brlwivn  1 '  '20'  and  A'  10'  E.  long,  from  Washington. 


el 


r 


.  The  most 


31? 


'#; 


lually  for  the 
;,  and  what  is 

te.  ^ 


|nc ;  S.  E.  by 

l)ctwcen  42" 

I  Washington. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  4» 

It  is  160  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  90  in  its  greatest  breadth,  and  contains 
9,491  square  miles,  or  6,074,240  acres.     Population  in  1790,  141,885;  in 
1800,  183,858;  in  1810,  214,460;  in  1820,  244,161  ;  and  in  1830,  269,533 
Population  to  a  square  mile,  28. 


TABLE  OF  THK  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Pop. 

UiritUnCH 

(r.  Concord. 

Rockingham      se 

Strafford             e 

Merrimack         m 
Hillsborough       s 
Cheshire           str 
Sullivan             w 

Grafton              w 

Coos                   n 

Total 

40,526 

51,415 

32,743 
35,781 
26,753 

18,628 

32,989 
5,151 

44,452 

58,916 

34,^19 
37,762 
27,016 
19,687 

38,691 

8,390 

i  Portsmouth 

I  Exeter 

'  Dover 
Gilmanton 

■  Gilford 

,  Rochester 
Concord 
Amherst 
Keeno 
Newport 

i  Haverhill 

(  Plymouth 
Lancaster 

8,082 
2,759 
5,449 
3,816 
1,872 
2,155 
3,727 
1,657 
2,374 
1,913 
2,153 
1,175 
1,187 

45 
39 
40 
20 
30 
40 

30 
55 
40 
67 
40 
116 

244,161 

269,533 

Concord  is  the  seat  of  government.  Portsmouth  is  much  the  largest  town, 
and  the  only  sea-port. 

Five  of  the  largest  rivers  in  New  England  rise  either  wholly  or  in  part  in 
this  state.  These  arc  the  Cv./iiiiecticut,  Merrimack,  Androscoggin,  Saco,  and 
Piscataqua.  The  other  most  considerable  rivers  arc  the  Upper  and  Lower  Am- 
monoosuc.  Sugar  river,  Ashuelot,  Contoocook,  Margallaway,  and  Nashua.  The 
principal  lakes  arc  Winnipiseogee,  Umbagog,  Ossipee,  Sunapee,  Squam,  and 
Newfoundland  lakes. 

The  whole  extent  of  sea-coast  in  this  state,  from  the  southern  boundary  to 
the  mouth  of  Piscataqua  harbor,  is  18  miles.  The  shore  is  generally  a  sandy 
beach,  and  bordering  upon  it  are  salt  marshes,  intersected  by  creeks.  There 
are  several  coves,  convenient  for  fishing  vessels,  but  the  entrance  of  the  Piscat- 
aqua is  the  only  harbor  for  ships.  For  20  or  30  miles  from  the  sea  the  coun- 
try is  either  level,  or  variegated  by  small  hills  and  valleys.  Then  commences 
a  country  the  surface  of  which  is  greatly  diversified  by  hills,  valleys,  and  seve- 
ral elevated  mountains,  among  which  are  the  White  Mountains,  accounted  the 
highest  in  the  United  States.  The  other  mos^  considerable  summits  are  Moose- 
hillock,  Monadnoc,  Kearsarge,  Sunapee,  Ossipee,  &c.  Some  of  the  most  re- 
markable natural  objects  of  curiosity  are  the  cave  in  Chester,  the  rock  in  Dur- 
liara,  Bellows  falls  in  Walpole,  and  particularly  the  Notch,  of  the  White 
Mountains. 

There  is  a  great  variety  of  soil  in  this  state ;  a  considerable  proportion  is 
fertile,  and  it  is  generally  better  adapted  to  grazing  than  tillage.  The  interval 
lands  on  the  large  rivers  are  esteemed  the  most  valuable.  These  produce  vari- 
ous kinds  of  grain  in  great  abundance.  But  the  uplands,  of  an  uneven  surface, 
and  of  a  rocky,  warm,  moist  soil,  arc  accounted  the  best  for  grazing.  The 
principal  articles  of  produce  are  beef,  pork,  mutton,  butter,  cheese,  wheat,  rye, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  barley,  pulse,  and  flax. 

In  the  township  of  Chester,  are  two  remarkable  caves.  One  called  the 
Devil's  Den  is  in  Mine  Hill,  in  the  western  part.  The  hill  is  half  a  mils  in 
diameter,  and  about  400  feet  high,  almost  perpendicular  on  the  south  side.   The 

G 


50 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


11' 

lli'f 


entrance  of  the  cave,  which  is  on  the  south  side,  is  10  yards  above  the  base, 
ar  d  after  a  passage,  varying  in  its  dimensions,  25  feet  in  length,  opens  into  the 
piincipal  apartment,  which  is  15  or  20  feet  square,  three  or  four  feet  high, 
floored  and  ceiled  by  a  regular  rock.  From  the  ceiling  are  dependent  numer- 
ous stalactites  or  excrescences,  in  the  form  of  pears,  whose  polished  surfaces 
reflect  a  torch-light  with  innumerable  hues  and  uncommon  brilliancy. 

The  other  cave  is  on  the  west  side  of  Rattlesnake  Hill,  seven  miles  south- 
west of  the  meeting-house.  The  principal  entrance  is  eleven  feet  high  and  four 
wide.  It  extends  20  feet  into  the  side  of  the  hill,  and  after  forming  a  semi- 
circle of  53  feet  in  length,  passes  out  on  the  same  side. 

The  manufactures  of  New  Hampshire  have  increased  very  rapidly  within  a 
few  years.  There  are  now  more  than  40  cotton  and  woollen  manufactories, 
many  of  them  on  an  extensive  scale.  A  glass  manufactory  has  been  estab- 
lished at  Keene,  and  there  are  two  iron  manufactories  at  Franconia.  The  prin- 
cipal exports  from  New  Hampshire  arc  lumber,  pot  and  pearl  ashes,  fish,  beef, 
live  cattle,  pork,  and  flax-seed.  The  market  for  the  northern  part  of  the  state, 
is  Portland,  for  the  south-eastern,  Portsmouth  and  Newburyport ;  for  the  coun- 
try  on  the  Merrimack,  Boston ;  for  the  country  on  the  Connecticut,  Hartford 
and  Boston.    The  value  of  the  exports  in  1829  was  $106,000. 

New  Hampshire  has  a  college  at  Hanover,  styled  Dartmouth  College,  with 
which  a  medical  school  is  connected ;  a  small  academical  theological  institution 
at  New  Hampton ;  and  about  30  incorporated  academies,  of  which  the  oldest 
and  best  endowed  is  Phillips  Academy  at  Exeter. 

Common  schools  are  established  throughout  the  state,  and  for  their  support 
a  sum,  amounting,  each  year  since  1818,  to  $90,000,  is  annually  raised  by  a 
separate  tax.  The  State  has  a  Literary  Fund  amounting  to  $64,000,  formed 
by  a  tax  of  one  half  per  cent,  on  thd  capital  of  the  banks.  The  proceeds  of 
this  fund,  and  also  an  annual  income  of  $9,000  derived  from  a  tax  on  banks, 
are  appropriated  to  aid  the  support  of  schools. 

The  number  of  periodical  papers  in  1831,  was  16. 

There  are  in  this  State  21  banks,  viz.  at  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire  Bank, 
New  Hampshire  Union  Bank,  Rockingham  Bank,  Portsmouth  Bank,  Piscata- 
qua  Bank,  Commercial  Bank ;  at  Exeter,  Exeter  Bank ;  at  Derry,  Derry  Bank ; 
at  Douer,  Strafford  Bank,  Dover  Bank ;  at  Meredith,  Winnipiseogee  Bank ;  at 
Concord,  Concord  Bank,  Merrimack  Co.  Bank ;  at  Amherst,  Farmers'  Bank ; 

at ,  Manufacturers'  Bank ;  at  Keene,  Cheshire  Bank ;  at  Charlestoion, 

Connecticut  River  Bank ;  at  Claremont,  Claremont  Bank ;  at  Haverhill,  Graf- 
ton Bank ;  at  Plymouth,  Pemigewasset  Bank ;  at  Lebanon,  Lebanon  Bank. 

The  Bank  of  the  United  States  has  an  office  of  discount  and  deposit  at 
Portsmouth. 

The  first  English  settlement  in  New  Hampshire,  was  made  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Piscataqua,  in  1623.  It  was  formed  into  a  sepa- 
rate government  in  1679,  before  which  it  was  under  the  jurisdiction  of  Massa- 
chusetts. 

Constitutio  "^  Constitution  was  established  in  1784 ;  and  in  1792,  this  consti- 
and  govern-  tution  was  altered  and  amended,  by  a  convention  of  delegates  held  at 
""*"'•  Concord,  and  is  now  in  force.  The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  which,  together,  are  styled  The  General 
Court  of  New  Hampshire.  Every  town,  or  incorporated  township,  having  150 
ratable  polls,  may  send  one  representative ;  and  for  every  300  additional  polls, 
it  is  entitled  to  an  additional  representative.  The  Senate  consists  of  12  mem- 
bers, who  are  chosen  by  the  people  in  districts.  The  executive  power  is  vested 
in  a  Governor  and  a  Council,  which  consists  of  five  members.  The  governor, 
council,  senators,  and  representatives,  are  all  elected  annually,  by  the  people, 
on  the  second  Tuesday  in  March ;  and  their  term  of  service  commences  on  the 
first  Wednesday  in  June.     The  General  Court  meets  annually  (at  Concord)  on 


History. 


1^1^ 


^^ 


)ove  the  base, 
opens  into  the 
)ur  feet  high, 
ndcnt  numer- 
shcd  surfaces 
incy. 

I  miles  south- 
high  and  four 
rming  u  semi- 

pidly  within  a 
manufactories, 
is  been  estab- 
lia.  The  prin- 
hes,  fish,  beef, 
irt  of  the  state, 
;  for  the  coun- 
ticut,  Hartford 


NEW  HAMFSIJIHE. 


51 


the  first  Wednesday  in  June.  The  right  of  suffrage  is  granted  to  every  male 
inhabitant  of  21  years  of  age,  excepting  paupers  and  persons  excused  from 
paying  taxes  at  tlieir  own  request. 

Religious  Denominations  in  1S21. 

Cliurchca.  Ministers.  Commit  nicanti. 


Congregationalists, 
Baptists,      .    .     - 
Free-will  Baptists, 
Methodists,      -     - 
Presbyterians, 


146 
75 

67 

11 


16  . 

-  12,867 

61  - 

-   5,279 

51  - 

4  or  5,000 

30  - 

-   3,180 

9  - 

-   1,499 

iends,  13  societies;  the  Universal- 


The  Christians  have  17  ministers ;  the  Fr 
ists,  about  20  congregations;  the  Unitarians,  10  ministers;  the  Episcopalians, 
8  ministers ;  the  Catholics,  2  churches ;  the  Shakers,  2  societies,  and  the  San- 
demanians,  1. 

New  Hampshire  sends  five  representatives  to  Congress.     The  Governor's 
annual  salary  is  $1200. 


1  College,  with 
^ical  institution 
lich  the  oldest 


)r  their  support 
illy  raised  by  a 
64,000,  formed 
he  proceeds  of 
1  tax  on  banks, 


impshire  Bank, 
Bank,  Piscata- 
/,  Derry  Bank ; 
jogee  Bank ;  at 
armers'  Bank ; 
it  Charlestown, 
averhill,  Graf- 
inon  Bank. 


92,  this  consti- 
elegates  held  at 
is  vested  in  a 
;d  The  General 
lip,  having  150 
dditional  polls, 
sts  of  12  mem- 
power  is  vested 
The  governor, 
by  the  people, 
(imences  on  the 
at  Concord)  on 


I 

t 


fe 


PRACTICAL  QUESTIONS  ON  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

1.  How  is  New  Hampshire  bounded? 

2.  What  is  its  extent,  square  miles  and  population  ? 

3.  What  is  the  population  to  a  square  mile  ? 

4.  How  many  counties  does  it  contain  ? — 5.  Name  them. 

6.  Which  town  is  the  seat  of  government,  and  which  is  the  largest  ? 

7.  Name  the  five  principal  rivers. 

8.  How  many  miles  of  sea-coast  has  New  Hampshire? 

9.  What  is  said  of  the  country  for  20  or  30  miles  from  the  sea  ? 

10.  What  kind  of  a  country  commences  then  ? 

1 1 .  What  is  said  of  the  soil  ? 

12.  What  are  the  principal  articles  of  produce? 

13.  What  can  you  say  of  the  manufactures?  * 

14.  What  was  the  value  of  exports  in  1829? 

15.  What  is  said  of  common  schools,  and  what  is  annually  raised  by  tax 
for  their  support  ? 

16.  Mention  the  most  remarkable  curiosities. 

17.  How  many  periodical  papers  in  1831  ?  .      " 

18.  How  many  banks  are  there  in  the  State? 

19.  Where  was  the  first  English  settlement? 

20.  What  can  you  say  of  the  legislative  power  ? 

21.  How  many  representatives  does  each  town  send  ? 

22.  How  many  members  does  the  senate  consist  of,  and  how  chosen  ? 

23.  How  is  the  executive  power  vested  ? 

24.  When  is  the  annual  election  ? 

25.  When  and  how  often  does  the  general  court  meet  ?    '  ' 

26.  Which  are  the  most  numerous  denominations  of  Christians  ? 

27.  How  many  representatives  does  New  Hampshire  send  to  Congress? 

28.  What  is  the  governor's  annual  salary  ? 


*-fe&i^> 


53 


VKRMONT. 


VERMONT. 

Vkrmont  is  bounflod  N.  by  Lower  Canada ;  E.  by  New  Hampshire ;  S.  by 
Massachusetts;  and  W.  by  New  York,  from  which  it  is  separated  in  part  by 
lake  Champlain.  It  lies  between  42°  44'  and  45'  N.  hit.  and  l)etween  3°  39' 
and  5°  31'  E.  longitude  from  Washington.  It  is  157  miles  long  from  N.  to  S. 
90  broad  on  the  northern  boundary,  40  on  the  southern,  and  contains  10,212 
square  miles.     Population  to  a  square  mile,  27. 


TABLK  OK  THK 

(WhNTlES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  i8:jo. 

County  Towns. 

Pop. 

UL-taiirp 

frofii  Mont- 

pelier. 

Addison 

W 

20,409 

24,940 

Middlebury 

3,468 

56 

Bennington 

SIC 

16,125 

17,470 

i  Bcnninston 

< 

(  Manchester 

3,419 
1,525 

119 

98 

Caledonia 

ne 

16,669 

20,967 

Danville 

2,631 

30 

Chittenden 

w 

16,055 

21,775 

Burlington 

3,526 

38 

Essex 

ne 

3,284 

3,981 

Guildhall 

481 

78 

Franklin 

nw 

17,192 

24,525 

St.  Albans 

2,375 

64 

Grand  Isle 

ntv 

3,527 

3,696 

North  Hero 

638 

68 

Orange 

e 

24,681 

27,285 

Chelsea 

1,958 

23 

Orleans 

n 

6,976 

13,980 

Irasburgh 

860 

49 

Rutland 

w 

29,983 

31,295 

Rutland 

2,753 

67 

Washington 

m 

14,113 

21,394 

MoNTPELIER 

1,193 

Windham 

se 

28,659 

28,758 

*Newfane 

1,441 

108 

Windsor             e 

Total 

_— 

38,233 

40,623 

(  Windsor 
I  Woodstock 

3,134 
3,044 

59 

48 

225,764 

280,679 

*  The  name  of  the  village  in  which  the  county  buildings  are  situated  is  Fayetteville. 


Popvlation  at  Different  Periods, 


Population. 

In  1790,  85,539 
1800,  154,465 
1810,  217,895 
1820,  235,764 
1830,  280,679 


Increase  from  1790  to  1800,  68,826 

1800      1810,  63,430 

1810      1820,  17,869 

1820      1830,  44,915 


Slaves. 

16 
0 
0 
0 
0 


The  Green  Mountains,  from  which  the  state  derives  its  name,  come  from 
Massachusetts,  and  run  along  the  east  side  of  Bennington,  Rutland,  and  Addi- 
son counties.  In  Addison  county  they  divide ;  the  western  and  principal  chain 
continuing  a  northerly  course,  and  terminating  near  the  northern  boundary  of 
the  state ;  while  the  height  of  land,  as  it  is  called,  strikes  off  to  the  north-east, 
dividing  the  waters  which  flow  into  the  Connecticut  from  those  which  fall  into 
lake  Memphremagog  and  lake  Champlain.  The  western  range  presents  much 
the  loftiest  summits,  but  has  inequalities  which  afford  a  passage  for  Onion  and 
Lamoil  rivers.  The  soil  is  for  the  most  part  fertile,  being  generally  deep,  and 
of  a  dark  color,  moist,  loamy,  and  well  watered.  The  interval  lands  are 
esteemed  the  best ;  bordering  on  these  is  usually  a  strip  one  or  two  miles  wide, 
which  is  comparatively  poor,  but  beyond  this  the  land  rccovers  a  fertility  nearly 
equal  to  that  on  the  rivers.  The  principal  productions  are  wheat,  barley,  rye, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  &c.  The  principal  exports  are  pot  and  pearl  ashes,  beef, 
pork,  butter,  cheese,  &c.  The  market  for  the  northern  part  of  the  state  is 
Montreal ;  for  the  eastern,  Hartford  and  Boston ;  for  the  western,  New  York. 
The  amount  of  exports  m  1829  was  808,000  dollars. 


1 


I 


VERMONT. 


53 


pshire ;  S.  by           'M 
ed  in  part  by            M 
etweon  3°  39'             1 

from  N.  to  S,           H 

ntains  10,2] 

1 

Ui.-taiicp 

from  Mont- 

pelier. 

i  - 
■  V 

56 

M 

119 

"M 

98 

M 

30 

*f 

38 

78 

64 

■■;' 

68 

23 

'':i 

49 

67 

108 

59 

48 

i 

tteville. 

,f. 

Slaves. 

16 

0 

0 

0 

0 

',  come  from              > 

d,  and  Addi-            J, 

incipal  chain             'j 
boundary  of             | 
e  north-east,            ^ 

lich  fall  into            | 

esents  much            ;| 

r  Onion  and             « 

ly  deep,  and             *^ 
il  lands  are 

miles  wide.             J 

•tility  nearly            | 

barley,  rye, 

ashes,  beef,             i 

the  state  is            I 

New  York 

1 

The  principal  rivers  within  the  .state  tiro  riiinioilo,  Onion,  Otter  Creek,  Mi.sis- 
que,  Deerfield,  VVhite,  Blar':,  and  Pasunisic 

Fort  Dummcr,  in  the  south-oast  part  of  Vermont,  was  built  in    ^^. 
1724 ;  and  licnnington,  the  oldest  town  in  the  state,  was  chartered  in 
1749,  by  Benning  VVontworth,  go^ttor  of  Now  Hampshire. 

The  territory  of  Vi'rmont  was  W^iually  claimed  both  by  New  Hampshire 
and  New  York  ;  and  its  political  condition  was,  for  a  considerable  time,  unset- 
tled ;  hut  the  pooi)lc  preferring  to  have-  a  separate  govornment,  formed  a  consti- 
tution in  1777,  under  which  a  government  was  organized  in  March,  1788 ;  and 
in  1791,  Vermont  was  admitted  into  the  unitjn. 

The  tirst  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  in  1777 ;  the  one  ^,','^1'^^^"^;;!" 
now  in  ojioration  was  adopted  on  the  4th  of  July,  1793.  tutimi. 

The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  singk.  body,  a  house  of  repri'sentativos, 
elected  annually,  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  ►Scptomber,  every  town  in  the  state 
l)cin<'  entitled  to  send  one  representative.  Tlio  representatives  meet  (at  Mont- 
pelicr)  aimually  on  the  second  Thursday  of  the  October  succeeding  their  elec- 
tion, and  aic  styled  The  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Vermont. 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  lieutenant-governor,  and  a 
council  of  12  persons,  who  are  all  chosen  annually  by  the  freemen  on  the  first 
Tuesday  in  September,  and  their  term  of  office  commences  on  the  second 
Thursday  in  October.  They  are  empowered  to  commission  all  officers;  to 
.sit  as  judges  to  consider  and  determine  on  impeachments  ;  to  prepare  and  lay 
before  the  general  assembly  such  business  as  shall  appear  to  them  necessary  ; 
and  have  power  to  revise  and  propose  amendments  to  the  laws  passed  by  the 
hou.se  of  representatives. 

The  constitution  grants  the  right  of  suffrage  to  every  man  of  the  full  age  of 
21  years,  who  has  resided  in  the  state  for  the  space  of  one  whole  year,  next 
before  the  election  of  representatives,  and  is  of  quiet  and  peaceable  behavior. 

The  judiciary  power  is  vested  in  a  supreme  court  consisting  of  three  judges ; 
and  of  a  county  court  of  thrce  judges  for  each  county.  The  iudges  of  the 
supreme,  county,  and  probate  courts,  sheriffs,  and  justices  of  tue  peace,  are 
elected  annually  by  the  general  assembly. 

A  council  of  censors,  consisting  of  13  persons,  are  chosen  every  seven  years 
(first  elected  in  1799)  on  the  last  Wednesday  in  March,  and  meet  on  the  first 
Wednesday  in  June.  Their  duty  is  to  inquire  whether  the  constitution  has 
been  preserved  inviolate ;  whether  the  legislative  and  executive  branches  of 
government  have  performed  their  duty  as  guardians  of  the  people  ;  whether  the 
public  taxes  have  been  justly  laid  and  collected ;  in  what  manner  the  public 
moneys  have  been  disposed  of;  and  whether  the  laws  have  been  faithfully 
executed. 

There  are  in  this  state  10  banks,  viz.  Bank  of  Burlington,  of  Windsor,  of 
Brattleborough,  of  Rutland,  of  Montpclier,  of  St.  Albans,  of  Caledonia,  of  Ver- 
gonnes,  of  Orange  county,  of  Bennington. 

Note.  The  bank  of  the  United  States  has  an  office  of  discount  and  deposit  at 
Burlington. 

There  arc  two  colleges  in  Vermont,  at  Burlington  and  Middlebury ; 
medical  schools  at  Burlington  and  Castleton ;  and  about  20  incorpo- 
rated academies  in  the  state,  where  young  men  may  be  fitted  for  college. 

Common  schools  are  supported  throughout  the  state.  The  money  raised  by 
the  general  law  for  the  support  of  schools,  at  3  per  cent,  on  the  grand  list  (the 
valuation  for  ta.xes,)  would  be  about  851,119  42 ;  and  about  as  much  more  is 
supposed  to  bo  raised  by  school  district  taxes.  The  state  has  a  literary  fund, 
derived  principally  fnim  a  tax  of  6  per  cent,  on  the  annual  profits  of  the  banks ; 
the  amount  on  loan  in  September,  1829,  was  $23,763  32. 

The  Congregationalists  have  13  associations,  203  churches,  110,jg,j  ^„gjg. 
pastors,  35  unsettled  ministers,  10  licentiates,  and  17,236  communi-    nomina- 
cants;   the   Baptists,  105  churches,  56  pastoi-s,  8   licentiates,   and ''""'•  **"• 


S4 


MASSAClllJSKT'l'S. 


8,478  communicuiils ;  the  Molliodists,  11  ministers  und  8,577  coinniuiiicunts  ; 
the  Episcopalians,  15  niinistcrs ;  iIk;  Unitnriiins,  M  societies  and  1  minister; 
and  there  art;  some  Fr(;e.will  Haj '^.ts.  Christians,  and  UniversuUsts. 

The  numher  of  |)eriodieal  papers  in  1830  was  13. 

Vermont  sends  5  representativ(  sto  congress.  The  governor's  salary  is  $750. 


I'RACTK'AL  QUESTIONS  ON  VERMONT. 

1.  How  is  Vermont  bounded  f 

2.  Between  what  degrees  of  latitude  and  longitude  does  it  lie  1 

3.  What  is  its  leni^h,  breadth,  square  miles,  and  population  in  1830? — Popu- 
lation to  a  squar(!  mile  ? 

4.  How  many  counties  does  it  contain  ? 

5.  What  is  said  of  the  soil  ] 

6.  What  are  the  principal  productions? 

7.  What  the  principal  exports? — Rivers? 

8.  What  was  the  amount  of  exports  in  .1829? 

9.  By  what  states  was  Vermont  originally  claimed  1 

10.  In  what  is  the  legislative  power  vested  ? 

11.  How  many  representatives  is  each  town  in  the  state  allowed  to  send? 

12.  In  whom  is  the  executive  power  vested? 

13.  To  whom  docs  the  constitution  grant  the  right  of  suffrage? 

14.  What  is  said  of  the  council  of  censors  and  their  duty? 

15.  How  many  banks  are  there  in  the  state? 

16.  At  which  town  is  the  branch  of  the  United  States  Bank? 

17.  How  many  colleges,  and  where  locaiod? 

18.  What  is  said  in  regard  to  the  support  of  common  schools? 

19.  How  many  representatives  docs  Vermont  send  to  congress? 

20.  What  is  the  governor's  salary  ? 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


I 
W 


>  ARMS  OF  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Massachusetts  is  bounded  N.  by  Vermont  and  New  Hampshire  ;  E.  by  the 
Atlantic ;  S.  by  Rhode  Island  and  Connecticut ;  and  W.  by  New- York.  It  lies 
between  41°  23'  and  43°  52'  N.  lat.  and  between  3°  33'  and  7°  10'  E.  longi- 
tude  from  Washington.     It  contains  7,350  square  miles,  or  4,(544,000  acres. 


V 

MASSACnUSETTl^. 

55 

miiumiicuiils ;         ^B 
(1  1  minister;           M     ' 

sts.                                  ;JJ      * 

t  is  divided  into  14  counties,  and  '290  towns.    It  hns  on  an  average  Rl  jxirsons 

lach  square  mile,  and  is  the  most  thickly  settled  state  in  the  union. 

ulary  is  $750.          m 

TABLE  OF  THE  C(^|^^IESj\NI)  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Couiitioa 

MnloH. 

Kinittleii. 

m 

tot.  Top. 

County  TowiiH.         Pop- 

Uiitaneo 

rroiri  lloaton. 

SutVolk             e    'Jd-riHt;    1 

31,«U3 

\9 

(;2,162 

Boston 

61,392 

-'.<^ 

I  Saliiu 

-  Ncwlmryport 

/  Ipswich 

13,886 

14 

<^ 

Essex           ne 

3'J,431 

42,929 

527 

82,887 

6,388 
2,951 

37 

27 

1830?— Popu. 

Middlesex     m 

38,107 

39,343 

513 

77,968 

\  Camhridfje 
(  Concord 

6,071 
2,017 

3 
17 

Plymouth       e 

20,905 

21, 078 

410 

42,993 

riymouth 

4,751 

36 

Norfolk           e 

;>0,136 

2lJ29f) 

169 

41,901 

Dediiam 

3,057 

10 

Bristol            9 

:23,36f) 

25,178 

930 

49,474 

5  New  Bedford 
/  'i'aunton 

7,592 
6,045 

58 
32 

Barnstable    se 

13,!)07 

14,363 

165 

28,525 

Barnstable 

3,975 

68 

Nantucket    se 

3,33!) 

3,584 

279 

7,202 

Nantucket 

7,202 

100 

Dukes            se 

1,702 

1,768 

48 

3,5  IH 

Ed-rartown 

1,509 

97 

Worcester     m 

41,515 

42,449 

371 

84,365 

Worcester 

4,172 

39 

Hampshire  wm 

14,'J!tl) 

14,!)95 

225 

30,210 

Northampton 

3,613 

91 

Hampden     sw 

15,288 

10,003 

349 

31,640 

Springfield 

6,784 

87 

cd  to  send  ? 

Franklin      iiw 

14,447 

14,71)5 

132 

29,314 

(ireentield 

1,540 

95 

? 

Berkshire       jo 

ntai 

18,310 

lh,510 

1,005 

37,825 

Lenox 

1,355 

133 

2!)4,44!) 

308,559 

7,006 

610,014 

Population  of  Massachusetts  at  different  periods. 
In  1800,      422,845. 

»  1810,      472,040.      Increase  from  1800  to  1810,      49,195 

«  1820,      523,287.  "  "      1810  to  1820,      51,247 

"  1830,      610,014.  "  »       1820  to  1830,      86,727 

Boston  is  tlic  chief  town.     The  other  most  considerable  maritime  towns  are 

Salem,  Newburyporf,  Marblchead,  Heverly,  Gloucester,  Cbarlestown,  Plymouth, 

and  New  Bedford.     Worcester,  Northampton,  Siirinirfield,  Greenfield,  Pitts- 

held,  Haverhill,  Dedham,  Lowell,  Taunton,  Concord,  and  many  others  are 

pleasant  and  flourishinif  inliind  towns. 

Th(;  principal  rivers  arc  the  Connecticut,  Merrimack,  Concord,  Nashua, 
Charles,  Mystic,  Neponsct,  Taunton,  Chickapee,  Deerfield,  Westfield,  Miller's, 
and  Ilousatonic. 

The  Middlesex  Canal,  which  connects  Boston  harbor  with  the  Merrimack,  is 
30  miles  long.  It  was  completed  in  1804,  and  was  at  that  time  the  most  consid- 
erable canal  in  the  United  States.  Blackstone  canal  extends  from  Worcester 
to  Providence,  and  is  45  miles  in  length. 

Several  different  companies  have  been  recently  incorporated  by  the  legisla- 
ture of  this  state  for  the  purpose  of  constructing  rail-roads ;  one  from  Boston  to 
Worcester ;  another  from  Boston  to  the  river  Hudson  ;  another  from  Boston  to 
Connecticut  river  ;  another  from  Boston  to  Providence  by  Pawtucket ;  another 
from  Boston  to  Taimton  ;  another  from  Boston  to  Low  ell ;  another  from  Boston 
to  Lake  Ontario,  New  York ;  another  from  West  Stockbridge  to  the  boundary 
line  of  the  state  of  New  York.  .. 


e  ;  E.  by  the 
York.  It  lies 
10'  E.  longi- 
4,000  acres. 


a 


PIUJFIIX  VIKU    (JF  •J'lll',  MAtJt^ACIR'i-ETP.-^  UAIL  lloAlt. 


50 


MASSACIILME'I'TS. 


!j  t 


m 


f'^    M 


:o  Diiiiu  rolls  |)(inil.s. 
om  iiortli  to  south,  through  the 
aiti  tukrs  thi^   iiiiino  of  lloosiic 
c  and  Takoiiiiack  iiiountaiiis.    The 
an!   V\'achust't,  in  Priiicttoii,  Mount 


The  princi|)ul  islands  urn  Nantucket  mul  Mnrthu's  V'inoynrd.  Tho  mosi 
noted  cnpcs  uro  Cnpc  Ann,  Cnpc  Cod,  and  ('a|)('  Malahar.  'l"h(>  most  consid- 
erable bays  are  Miissachusctts,  Cap*-  Cod,  FSariistabIc,  I'lyinoiitli,  and  Huz/urd's 
bays.     There  are  no  larjf(!  lakes,  but  tlu 

Tho  range  of  the  Green  Mountains  |)i 
western  part  of  this  state.     The  princ 
mountain.     The  hi;^hest  sutninits  an;  Sik 
other  most  noted  mountains  in  the  stati 

Tom  and  Mount  Ilolyoke,  near  Northampton,  and  Mount  Toby,  in  Simdcrland. 
The  general  as[)eet  of  the  country  is  interesting,  atlbrding  many  highly  varied 
and  extensive  prospects^ 

Tlie  face  of  the  country  is  greatly  diversified.  The  south-eastern  purl  is 
mostly  level.  Theri;  an;  also  level  districts  of  small  extent  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  Merrimack  in  the  north-cast.  Salt  marshes  arc  numerous  in  tlu;  maritime 
parts,  though  not  very  extensive.  Most  of  that  part  bordering  on  the  sea-coast, 
and  extending  into  the  interior  as  fur  as  the  county  of  Worcester,  may  be 
regarded  as  the  level  division,  exhibiting  no  very  considerable  elevations.  The 
five  western  counties  of  Worcester,  Hampshire,  Franklin,  Hampden,  and  Berk- 
shire, present  the  greatest  irregularity  of  surface,  ond  constitute  the  higlilands 
of  the  state.  These  counties,  however,  abound  in  vast  tracts  ol"  elevated  lands 
diversified  with  gentli;  swells,  in  large  districts  of  pinc-pluins,  in  valleys  of 
various  extent,  us  well  as  in  wide  intervals,  porticularly  on  Connecticut  river. 

The  soil  is  exceedingly  various,  comprising  every  description  from  the  most 
fertile  to  the  most  unj)r()ductive.  In  the  south-eastern  part  it  is  mostly  light 
and  sandy,  interspersed,  however,  with  numerous  fertile  tracts.  In  the  middle 
and  northern  parts,  toward  the  sea-coast,  it  is  of  a  much  better  quality,  though 
not  generally  distinguished  for  its  natural  fertility  ;  but  by  excellent  cultivation, 
n  great  portion  of  it  is  rendered  highly  ])roductive.  The  middle  and  western 
parts  have  generally  a  strong  rich  soil,  excellent  for  grazing,  and  suited  to  most 
of  the  purposes  of  agriculture.  Tho  state  is  almost  universally  well  watered. 
The  streams  of  every  description  are  remarkably  clear  and  beautiful.  The 
farms  generally  consist  of  from  100  to  300  acres,  and  are,  for  the  most  part, 
well  cultivated.  In  no  part  of  the  United  States  have  there  been  greater  ad- 
vances made  in  agricultural  improvements  than  in  Massachusetts.  The  country 
is  intersected  in  every  direction  by  roads,  which  are  kept  in  a  good  state  of 
repair. 

The  principal  productions  are,  Indian  corn,  rye,  wheat,  oats,  barley,  peas, 
beans,  buck-wheat,  potatoes,  hops,  flax,  and  hemp.  Beef,  pork,  butter,  and 
cheese  are  abundant  in  most  parts  of  the  state,  and  of  excellent  quality.  The 
county  of  Berkshire,  in  particular,  is  distinguished  for  its  extensive  dairies. 
The  state  abounds  with  orchards,  and  great  quantities  of  cider  are  annually 
made,  which  is  the  common  beverage  of  the  inhabitants.  The  principal  culti- 
vated fruits  are  apples,  peaches,  pears,  quinces,  plums,  cherries,  and  currants. 
Gardening  is  an  object  of  attention  throughout  the  state,  and  all  the  hortulan 
vegetables  suited  to  the  climate,  together  with  a  variety  of  domestic  fruits,  are, 
in  this  way,  extensively  cultivated. 

Massachusetts  is  the  most  commercial  state  in  the  Union,  except  New  York. 
The  greatest  part  of  the  fisheries  in  the  United  States  belong  to  this  state.  The 
principal  articles  of  export  are  fish,  beef,  lumber,  pork,  ardent  spirits,  flax-seed, 
whale  oil,  spermaceti,  and  various  manufactures.  The  total  amount  in  1829, 
was  8,255,000  dollars. 

This  state  holds  the  second  rank  in  point  of  manufactures.  The  most  con- 
siderable are  those  of  cotton  cloths,  boots  and  shoes,  ardent  spirits,  leather, 
cordage,  wrought  and  cast  iron,  nails,  woollens,  ships,  straw  bonnets,  hats, 
cabinet  work,  paper,  oil,  and  muskets.  There  is  an  extensive  national  estab- 
lishment for  the  manufacture  of  arms  at  Springfield.     In  1831  there  were  in 


s^ 


MASSACI 11' .SETTS. 


57 


J.     Tho  most 

most  cnnsid- 
iiul  liii/./aiirs 

ti,  through  the 
\no  of  iloosHC 
iiiitains.  The 
net  ton,  Mount 
n  SuiKlcrliind. 


higl)ly  varied 

■•■'? 

nstcni  |)urt  is 

V 

lie  vifiiiity  of 

f 

tho  riiitritinne 

''■. 

the  sea-coast, 

'stor,  niny  te 

vat  ions.    The 

en,  and  Berk- 

tlio  liiffhiands 

!levatod  lands 

in  valleys  of 

'cticut  river. 

Voin  the  most 

3  mostly  light 

In  the  middle 

nt  cultivation, 

1  and  western 

suited  to  most 

well  watered. 

uitiful.     The 

10  most  part, 

1  greater  ad- 

The  country 

;ood  state  of 

barley,  peas, 

c,  butter,  and 

iiality.     The 

jsive  dairies. 

'■ 

are  annually 

1 

incipal  culti- 

nd  currants. 

•         ,-f 

the  hortulan 

i 

c  fruits,  are, 

1 

•  1 
% 

New  York. 

!  state.    The 

* 

ts,  flax-seed. 

ant  in  1829, 

c  most  con- 

'  1 

rits,  leather, 

k 

)nncts,  hats, 

i 

ional  estab- 

•■  i 

ere  were  in 

m 

this  state  «'50  cotton  milU,  with  n  ciipitul  of  r.i,b91,UU0  u.)llars,  muking 
annually  79,U:U, 000  yards  of  cloth. 

The  principal  mines  are  tliosi^  of  iron,  which  are  Hmnd  in  various  parts,  and 
there  are  numerous  establishments  for  mimuliicturing  iron.  The  cotmtii's  of 
Plymouth  and  Hrisfol  afford  ereat  qu/inlities  of  this  mineral,  and  there  ore 
several  rich  iron  mines  in  thf!  <-oimI^  of  Hcrkshin;.  A  lead  mine  is  found  at 
South  Hadloy,  and  at  some  other  places.  Orhres  and  other  fossil  productions 
have  l»een  found  in  various  places.  (Juarries  of  gtiod  marble  are  found  in 
Lanesborough,  Sfockbridge,  Pittstield,  Sludicld,  and  several  other  places  in 
Herksliin^  county.  Then;  an;  (juarries  of  slate  at  Lancaster,  Harvard,  and 
Uernardston,  and  of  soap-stone  at  Middlelield.  Lime-stone  is  found  in  great 
abundance  in  the  county  of  Herkshire,  and  Irec-stone  in  all  parts  of  the  state, 
(rreat  (piantities  of  beautiful  stone  for  building  are  obtained  from  Chelmslbrd 
and  Tyngsliorough. 

The  climate  of  Massachusetts  is  subject  to  the  extremes  of  hcnt  and  cold, 
'llie  air,  however,  is  generally  dry,  serene,  and  healthy.  The  thermometer  in 
summer  is  frequently  observed  to  exceed  77"^  fur  Ibrt;,  or  filly_  days  together; 
and  sometimes  rises  to  100°. 

There  are  in  this  state  06  banks:  i  Ml  ariiount  of  nipiral  paid  in,  $20,420,000. 
Ul"  these,  10  are  in  Boston,  includin.^  a  branch  of  ilus  I'nited  States  Bank,  6  at 
►Salem,  2  at  New  Bedford,  2  at  Newburypc.',  2  jn  Worcester,  and  tlio  rest  are 
scattered  through  the  state  with  but  on'^  in  a  to'-n. 

The  principal  literary  institutions  are  Il.-irvaid  L'nivor  iry  i.i  Cam-  _,     .. 

1         "  '        1       •  1        1  •   1      1  1-      1    .1       1      •  II  Education. 

bridge,  connected  with  which  there  arc  medical,  tlieoln'ri  ,.,,,  and  law 
schools;  Williams  College  at  Williamstown ;  Amhei  t  Coliege  at  Amherst; 
Massachusetts  Medical  College  in  Boston  conr  ■  "<  I  with  Ilarva  >  University; 
Berkshire  Medical  Institution  connected  with  vViiinms  College;  tho  Theologi- 
cal Seminaries  at  Andover  and  Newton;  Round  iiill  School  at  Northam:^to'>, 
Berkshire  Gymnasium  nt  Pittsfield,  and  Mount  Pleasant  Classical  Institution  at 
Amherst.  There  are  also  56  incorporated  a<!pdemies,  of  \vhich  Philips  Acade- 
my at  Andover,  the  oldest  and  best  endowed,  was  incorporated  in  1780,  and 
has  educated  2,025  scholars. 

Common  schools  are  well  supported  througl.tn.t  the  state.  The  laws  require 
that  every  town  or  district,  containing  50  families,  shall  be  provided  with  a 
school  or  schools  equivalent  in  time  to  six  months  fiir  one  school  in  a  year ; 
containing  100  families,  12  months;  150  families,  18  months;  and  the  several 
towns  in  the  state  are  authorized  and  directed  to  raise  such  sums  of  money  as 
are  necessary  for  the  support  of  the  schools,  and  to  assess  and  collect  the  money 
in  the  same  manner  as  other  tov  .  tfxes.  Mach  town  is  also  required  to  choose 
annually  a  school  committee  of  '  •,  or  7  persons,  to  take  the  general  charge 
and  superintendence  of  the  public  st-hools. 

The  number  of  periodical  presses  in  Massachusetts  in  1630  was  estimated 
at  40. 

The  Congregationalist.'-  U.ive  491  churches,  and  423  ordained  min-jj  ,j  .^ 
istcrs,  118  of  whom  a^e  Unitarians;  the  Baptists,  129  churches,  110    nomina- 
ministers,  and  12,580  communicants  ;  the  Alethodists,  71   preachers '"""' *''■"■ 
and  8,200  n.  mbcrs ;  the  Universalists,  46  societies;  the  Episcopalians,  31 
ministers  ;  the  New  Jerusalem  Church,  8  societies  ;  the  Presbyterians,  9  min- 
isters ;  the  Roman  Catholics,  4  churches ;  and  the  Shakers,  4  societies. 

The  territory  of  Massachusetts  comprised,  for  many  years  after  its 
first  settlement,  two  separate  colonies,  styled  the  Plymouth  Colony    """"y- 
and  the  Colony  of  Massachusetts  Bay. 

The  first  English  settlement  that  was  made  in  New  England,  was  formed  by 
101  persons  who  fled  from  religious  persecution  in  England,  landed  nt  Ply- 
mouth  on  the  22d  of  December,  1620,  and  laid  the  foundation  of  Plymouth 
Colony.  ^ 

■"     ,     '  H      ■ 


58 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


c«>   tti  tion     "^^^^  constitution  of  this  state  was  framed  in  1780,  and  amended  in 
and  govern  1821.     Tho  legislative  powcr  is  vested  in  a  senate  and  house  of 

""*"'■  representatives,  which  together  are  styled  The  General  Court  of  Mas- 
sachusetts. 

The  members  of  the  house  of  representatives  are  elected  annually  in  May  ; 
and  they  must  be  chosen  ton  days  at  leaslp|)efore  the  last  Wednesday  of  that 
month.  Every  corporate  town  having  150  ratable  polls  may  elect  one  repre- 
sentative, and  another  for  every  additional  225  ratable  polls. 

The  senate  consists  of  40  members,  who  are  chosen,  by  districts,  annually, 
on  the  first  Monday  in  April. 

The  supreme  executive  magistrate  is  styled  The  Governor  of  the  Common- 
wealth of  Massachusetts,  and  has  the  title  of  "  His  Excellency."  The  governor 
is  elected  annually  by  the  people  on  the  first  Monday  of  April,  and  at  the  same 
time  a  lieutenant-governor  is  chosen,  who  has  the  title  of  "  His  Honor." 
The  governor  is  assisted  in  the  executive  part  of  government  by  a  council  of 
nine  members,  who  are  chosen,  by  the  joint  ballot  of  the  senators  and  represent- 
atives, from  the  senators ;  and  in  case  the  persons  elected,  or  any  of  them, 
decline  the  appointment,  the  deficiency  is  supplied  from  among  the  people  at 
large. 

The  general  court  meets  (at  Boston)  on  the  last  Wednesday  of  May,  and 
also  in  January. 

The  right  of  suffrage  is  granted  to  every  male  citizen,  21  years  of  age  and 
upwards  (excepting  paupers  and  persons  under  guardianship,)  who  has  resided 
within  the  common-wealth  one  year,  and  within  the  town  or  district  in  which 
he  may  claim  a  right  to  vote,  six  calendar  months  next  preceding  any  election, 
and  who  has  paid  a  state  or  county  tax,  assessed  upon  him  within  two  years 
next  preceding  such  election ;  and  also  every  citizen  who  may  be  by  law 
exempted  from  taxation,  and  who  may  be,  in  all  other  respects,  qualified  as 
above  mentioned. 

The  judiciary  is  vested  in  a  supreme  court,  a  court  of  common  pleas,  and 
such  other  courts  as  the  legislature  may  establish.  The  judges  are  appointed 
by  the  governor  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  council,  and  hold 
their  offices  during  good  behavior. 

Massachusetts  sends  12  representatives  to  congress.  The  governor's  salary 
is  $3,666  67. 


PRACTICAL  QUESTIONS  ON  MASSACHUSETTS. 

1.  How  many  square  miles  does  Massachusetts  contain? 

2.  How  many  inhabitants  does  it  contain  to  a  square  mile  ? 

3.  How  many  counties  ? — Population  in  1830? 

4.  Chief  towns  and  rivers  ? 

5.  Mention  the  principal  islands  and  capes. — 6.  Mountains. 

7.  Describe  the  face  of  the  country. 

8.  What  is  said  in  regard  to  manufactures  and  commerce? 

9.  What  are  the  principal  minerals,  and  where  found? 

10.  What  is  said  of  the  climate  ? 

11.  How  many  banks  arr  there  in  Massachusetts?  ^ 

12.  How  many  of  them  arc  in  Boston? 

13.  Mention  tlm  principal  literary  institutions. 

14.  What  is  said  in  regard  to  common  schools? 

15.  Give  an  account  of  the  first  English  settlement  in  New  England. 

16.  In  what  is  the  legislative  power  vested? 

17.  When  is  the  annual  (flection  for  representatives, and  when  for  senators? 

18.  By  whom  is  the  governor  assisted  in  tho  executive  part  of  his  office  ? 


ind  amended  in 

and  house  of 

1  Court  of  Mas- 

lually  in  May ; 
Inesday  of  that 
lect  one  repre- 

ricts,  annually, 

the  Common- 
The  governor 
nd  at  the  same 
'His  Honor." 
)y  a  council  of 
and  represent- 
any  of  them, 
the  people  at 

y  of  May,  and 

ars  of  age  and 
'ho  has  resided 
strict  in  which 
g  any  election, 
hin  two  years 
ay  be  by  law 
;s,  qualified  as 

ion  pleas,  and 
are  appointed 
ncil,  and  hold 

ernor's  salary 


■^5. 


gland. 

"or  senators  ? 
lis  office .' 


RHODE  ISLAND. 

19.  When  and  where  does  the  general  court  meet? 

20.  To  whom  is  the  right  of  sullrage  granted  1 

21.  How  many  representatives  docs  Massachusetts  send  to  congress  1 

22.  What  is  the  governor's  salary  ? 


59 


RHODE  ISLAND. 


ARMS  OF  RHODE  ISLAND. 


Length -40  miles.  Breadth,  29.  Contains  1350  square  miles.  Bounded  N. 
and  E.  by  Massachusetts ;  S.  by  the  Atlantic ;  W.  by  Connecticut.  Between 
41°  22'  and  42°  3'  N.  L.  and  5°  7'  and  5°  54'  E.  L.  from  Washington. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Pop.  1830. 

Distance 

from 

Providence. 

Providence        n 
Newport          se 
Washington    sw 
Kent                m 
Bristol              € 

Total 

35,786 
15,771 
15,687 
10,228 
5,637 

47,014 
16,534 
15,414 

12,784 
5,466 

Providence 

Newport 
South  Kingston 
East  Greenwich 
Bristol 

16,832 
8,010 
3,663 
1,591 
3,054 

30 
31 
15 
15 

83,059 

97,212 

Population. 

In  1790,  68,825 
1800,  69,122 
1810,  76,931 
1820,  83,059 
1830,  97,212 


Popvlation  at  different  periods. 


Increase  from  1790  to  1800, 
1800      1810, 

1810      1820, 

1820      1830, 


Slaves 

948 

297 

380 

7,809 

108 

6,128 

48 

14,153 

14 

Population  to  a  square  mile,  75,  being  the  second  state  in  the  Union  in  point 
of  a  dense  population. 

The  rivers  are  Pawtucket,  Providence,  Pawtuxet,  Pawcatuck,  and  Wood 
river.  Narraganset  bay  extends  up  from  S.  to  N.  between  the  main  land  on 
the  E.  and  W.,  and  embosoms   many  pleasant  and  fertile  islands;  among 


60 


RHODE  ISLAND. 


'wmw 
Mi' 


m    -'f^ 


which  are  Rhode  Island,  from  which  the  state  derives  its  name,  Canonicut, 
Prudence,  Patience,  Hope,  Dyer's,  and  Hog  Islands.  Block  Island,  ofF  the 
coast  in  the  Atlantic,  is  the  most  southerly  land  belongin/^  to  the  state. 

The  most  considerable  towns  are  Providence,  Newport,  Bristol,  Warren, 
South  Kingston,  East  Greenwich,  Smithtield,  and  the  villages  of  Pawtucket, 
and  Pawtuxet.  The  harbors  aie  Newport,  Providence,  Wickford,  Pawtuxet, 
Bristol,  and  Warren. 

The  face  of  the  country  is  mostly  level,  except  in  the  north-west  part,  which 
is  hilly  and  rocky.  The  soil  is  generally  better  adapted  to  grazing  than  till- 
age. A  large  proportion  of  the  western  and  north-western  part  of  the  state 
has  a  thin  and  lean  soil ;  but  the  islands  and  the  country  bordering  on  Narra- 
ganset  bay,  are  of  great  fertility,  and  are  celebrated  for  their  fine  cattle,  their 
numerous  flocks  of  sheep,  and  the  abundance  and  excellence  of  their  butter 
and  cheese.  Here  are  found  some  of  the  finest  cattle  in  New  England.  Cider 
is  made  for  exportation.  Corn,  rye,  barley,  oats,  and  in  some  places  wheat, 
are  produced  in  sufficient  quantities  for  home  consumption ;  and  the  various 
kinds  of  grasses,  fruits,  culinary  roots  and  plants,  in  great  abundance  and  per- 
fection.   The  rivers  and  bays  swarm  with  a  variety  of  excellent  fish. 

Iron  ore  is  found  in  large  quantities  in  several  parts,  and  some  copper ;  there 
is  also  an  abundance  of  limestone,  particularly  in  the  county  of  Providence. 

The  manufactures  of  Rhode  Island  are  extensive.  They  consist  chiefly  of 
iron,  cotton,  woollen,  paper,  and  hats. 

In  1831  there  were  in  Rhode  Island  116  cotton  manufactories,  with  an  ag- 
gregate capital,  including  cost  of  land,  water  power,  buildings  and  machinery, 
of  $6,262,340.  These  establishments  consume  annually  10,415,578  pounds 
of  cotton,  and  make  37,121,681  yards  of  cloth.  Persons  employed  in  them, 
8,500,  including  women  and  children :  aggregate  amount  of  their  wages, 
$1,177,527.  There  are  likewise  in  this  state  5  bleacheries,  and  two  establish- 
ments for  printing  cali(!oes  connected  with  the  cotton  manufactories,  with  an 
aggregate  capital  of  $632,375,  making  the  grand  total  of  6,794,715  dollars, 
employed  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton.  The  amount  of  capital  employed  in 
the  manufacture  of  iron  and  steel,  is  $802,666,  divided  among  10  founderies 
and  30  machine-shops.  Cost  of  establishments  for  the  manufiicture  of  wool 
in  this  state,  including  land,  water-power,  buildings,  stock  in  trade  &c.,  is 
$263,000. 

The  exports  consist  chiefly  of  flaxseed,  lumber,  horses,  cattle,  beef,  pork, 
fish,  poultry,  onions,  butter,  cheese,  barley,  grain,  spirits,  and  cotton  and  linen 
goods.    They  amounted,  in  1829,  to  390,000  dollars. 

The  climate  of  this  state  is  as  healthy  as  that  of  any  part  of  America ;  and 
it  is  more  temperate  than  the  climate  of  any  of  the  other  New  England  states, 
particularly  on  the  islands,  where  the  breezes  from  the  sea  have  the  effect  not 
only  to  mitigate  the  heat  in  summer,  but  to  moderate  the  cold  in  winter.  The 
summei    are  delightful,  especially  on  the  island  of  Rhode  Island. 

In  Rhode  Island  thei-e  are  51  banks,  including  a  branch  of  the  United  States 
bank:  of  which  11  are  in  Providence;  the  others  are  in  various  parts  of  the 
state.     The  amount  of  capital  stock  is  $6,732,296. 

Brown  University  is  situated  at  Providence;  at  the  same  place 
thei'e  is  a  seminary  styled  the  Friends'  Boarding  School ;  and  there 
are  8  or  10  academies  in  ihe  state.  Increasing  attention  has  of  late  been  paid 
to  education,  and  the  state  now  pays  annually,  for  the  support  of  fi-ee  .schools, 
the  sum  of  $10,000,  which  is  divided  among  the  several  towns  according  to 
population. 

There  are  in  the  state  10  periodical  papers. 

The  fdllowing  was  the  number  of  the  various  religious  denominations  in  this 
state,  in  1881.    The  Baptists  had  16  churches,  12  ministers,  2,600  communi- 


Kdiicatinn. 


Tsir 


■■■■I 

•■Sr 


RHODE  ISLAND. 


61 


e,  Canonicut, 

land,  off  the 

;tate. 

itol,  Warren, 

f  Pawtucket, 

d,  Pawtuxef, 

t  part,  which 
ng  than  till- 
of  the  state 
ig  on  Narra- 
3  cattle,  their 
*  their  butter 
»land.  Cider 
)laces  wheat, 
1  the  various 
ince  and  per- 
Ssh. 

copper ; there 
rovidence. 
ist  chiefly  of 

with  an  ag- 
1  machinery, 
1,578  pounds 
yed  in  them, 
their  wages, 
wo  establish- 
ries,  with  an 
,715  dollars, 
employed  in 
0  founderies 
ture  of  wool 
ade  &c.,  is 

beef,  pork, 
m  and  linen 

merica ;  and 

land  states, 

le  effect  not 

inter.     The 

nited  States 
(arts  of  the 

same  place 
and  there 
e  heen  paid 
ee  -schools, 
jcording  to 


ions  in  this 
communi- 


cants; the  Methodists,  10  preachers,  and  1,100  members;  the  Congregation- 
alists,  10  churches,  10  ministers,  and  1,000  communicants;  the  Unitarians,  2 
sociotios,  and  2  ministers;  the  Sabbatarians,  about  1,000  communicants ,  the 
Six-Principle  Baptists,  about  8  churches,  and  about  800  communicants ;  the 
Frier;l.>  nre  considerably  numerous ;  and  there  are  some  Universalists,  and  1 
Ron:  iu  Catholic  church. 

The  settlement  of  this  state  was  commenced  at  Providence,  in  163G,  by  the 
celebrated  Rog(;r  Williams,  a  minister  who  war  banished  from  Massachusetts 
on  account  of  his  religious  opinions ;  and  in  16.*38  the  settlement  of  the  island  of 
Rhode  Island  was  begun  by  William  Coddington,  John  Clarke,  and  others. 

In  1643,  Mr.  Williams  went  to  England,  and  obtained,  in  1764,  a  charter, 
by  which  the  settlements  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations  were 
united  under  one  government,  and  which  continued  in  force  till  1663,  when  a 
new  charter  was  gi'anted  by  Charles  II.,  which  has  ever  since  formed  the  basis 
of  the  government. 

Rhode  Island  is  the  only  state  in  the  Union  which  is  without  a   covern- 
written  constitution.  ""'"'• 

The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  General  Assembly,  consisting  of  a 
Senate  and  a  House  of  Representatives. 

The  house  of  representatives  consists  of  72  members,  6  from  Newport,  4 
from  each  of  the  towns  of  Providence,  Portsmouth,  and  Warwick,  and  two 
from  each  of  the  other  towns  in  the  state ;  and  they  are  elected  semi-annually 
in  April  and  August. 

The  senate  consists  of  10  members,  who  are  elected  annually  in  April. 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  annually  in 
April.  A  lieutenant-governor  is  also  elected,  on  whom  the  executive  duties  de- 
volve in  case  of  the  office  of  governor  being  vacated. 

The  general  assembly  meets  four  times  a  year ;  at  Newport  on  the  first 
Wednesday  in  May,  (the  commencement  of  the  political  year,)  and  by  ad- 
journment, at  the  same  place,  in  June.  It  meets  on  the  last  Wednesday  in 
October,  alternately  at  Providence  and  South  Kingston ;  and  by  adjournment, 
in  January,  at  East  Greenwich,  Bristol,  or  Providence. 

The  judges  are  appointed  annually  by  the  general  assembly. 

This  state  sends  two  representatives  to  congress. 

The  governor's  annual  salary  is  400  dollars. 


PRACTICAL  QUESTIONS  ON  RHODE  ISLAND. 

1.  What  is  the  length  and  breadth  of  Rhode  Island? 

2.  How  many  counties  does  it  contain  ?  • 
.3.  What  was  the  total  population  of  the  state  in  1830? 

4.  What  was  the  increase  of  the  population  between  1820  and  1830? 
.5.  Name  the  principal  rivers,  bays,  and  islands. 

6.  What  are  the  principal  towns  and  harbors  ? 

7.  Describe  the  face  of  the  country. 

8.  What  are  some  of  the  principal  productions? 

9.  What  are  the  principal  minerals  ? 

10.  What  is  the  number  of  cotton  factories  ? 

11.  What  their  aggregate  capital  ? 

12.  How  much  cloth  do  they  make  annually  ?  ' 

13.  How  many  banks  are  there  in  Rhode  Island? 

14.  How  many  of  these  are  in  Providence  ? 

15.  What  can  you  say  in  regard  to  education  ? 

16.  Which  is  the  most  numerous  denomination  of  Christians  in  this  state  ? 

17.  What  is  said  in  regard  to  the  history  of  the  state  ? 


62  CONNECTICUT. 

18.  What  cliartor  now  forms  the  basis  of  the  government? 

19.  In  what  is  the  legislative  power  vested  ? 

20.  Of  what  docs  the  liousc  of  representatives  consist  ? 

21.  Of  what  the  senate  ? 

22.  How  often  does  the  general  assembly  meet? 

23.  How  are  the  judges  appointed  ? 

24.  How  many  representatives  does  this  state  send  to  congress  ? 

25.  What  is  the  governor's  salary  ? 


CONNECTICUT. 


I 


ARMS  OF  CONNECTICUT. 


Connecticut  is  bounded  N.  by  Massachusetts ;  E.  by  Rhode  Island ;  S.  by 
Long  Island  Sound,  and  W.  by  New  York.  It  lies  between  41°  and  42°  2'  N. 
lat.  and  between  3°  16'  and  5°  11'  E.  longitude  from  Washington.  It  is  90 
miles  long,  70  broad,  and  contains  4,764  square  miles. 


f  f  ,m 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1R20. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Pop. 

Dist.  fVom 
Hartford. 

Fairfield           stc 

Hartford           nm 
Litchfield         nw 

Middlesex         sm 

New  Haven     sm 

New  London     sc 

Tolland           nm 
Windham         ne 

8          Total 

42,739 

47,264 
41,267 

22,405 

39,616 

35,943 

14,330 
25,331 

46,950 

51,141 

42,855 

24,845 

43,848 

42,295 

18,700 
27,077 

i  Fairfield 

(  Banbury 
Hartford 
Litchfield 

i  Middletown 

I  Haddam 
New  Haven 

^  New  London 

(  Norwich 
Tolland 
Brooklyn 

4,226 
4,311 
7,076 
4,456 
6,892 
3,025 
10,180 
4,356 
3,144 
1,698 
1,413 

55 
61 

31 
14 
25 
34 
42 
38 
17 
41 

275,248 

297,711 

% 


# 


CONNECTICUT. 


63 


Island;  S. 
and  42°  2' 
ton.     It  is 


by 
N. 
90 


Increase  from  1790  to  1800,  13,056 

1800      1810,  10,940 

1810      1820,  13,306 

1820      1830,  22,463 


Slave*. 

2,764 

954 

310 

97 


Population  at  Different  Periods. 
ro|iuiuti()ii. 
In  1790,  237,946 
1800,  251,002 
1810,  261,942 
1820,  275,248 
1830,  297,711 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Connecticut,  Housatonic,  Thame.s,  Farmington, 
and  Naugatuck.  The  principal  harbors  are  those  of  New  London  and  New 
Haven. 

Farmington  Canal  extends  from  New  Haven  to  the  northern  border  of  the 
state,  57  miles,  where  it  unites  with  the  Hampshire  and  Hampden  Canal,  which 
leads  to  ^Vcstfield,  and  it  is  to  be  continued  to  Northampton — whole  length, 
87  miles. 

Hartford,  New  Haven,  Middletown,  New  London,  and  Norwich  are  incor- 
porated cities ;  Bridgeport,  Danbury,  Guilford,  Killingworth,  Newtown,  Stam- 
ford, Stonington,  and  Waterbury,  boroughs. 

The  face  of  the  country  is  greatly  diversified  by  mountains,  hills  and  valleys. 
There  are  but  few  level  tracts,  nor  any  considerable  mountains.  The  greatest 
elevation  is  a  range  of  small  mountains  on  the  west  side  ol'  Connecticut  river, 
l>eing  a  continuation  of  the  Green  Mountains.  The  hills  are  generally  of  mod- 
erate size,  and  occur  in  quick  succession,  presenting  to  the  traveller  an  ever- 
varying  prospect. 

The  soil  is  generally  rich  and  fertile,  though  intermixed  with  portions  that 
are  comparatively  thin  and  barren ;  and  the  whole  is  well  watered.  It  is  gen- 
erally in  a  state  of  good  cultivation,  resembling,  in  many  parts,  a  well  culti- 
vated garden.  The  principal  productions  arc  Indian  corn,  rye,  wheat  in  many 
parts,  oats,  barley,  buckwheat,  flax  in  large  quantities,  some  hemp,  potatoes, 
pumpkins,  turnips,  peas,  beans,  &c.  Orchards  are  very  numerous,  and  cider 
is  made  fur  exportation.  The  state  is,  however,  generally  better  adapted  to 
grazing  thiui  to  tillage  ;  and  its  fine  meadows  and  pastures  enable  the  farmers 
to  feed  great  numbers  of  neat  cattle,  horses,  and  sheep.  The  quantity  of  but- 
ter and  cheese  made  annually  is  great,  and  of  well-known  excellence.  Beef 
and  pork  of  superior  quality,  arc  also  abundant.  The  state  is  generally  laid 
out  in  small  farms,  from  50  to  300  and  400  acres.  It  is  intersected  by  numer- 
ous roads,  which  arc  generally  kept  in  a  good  state  of  repair ;  and  is  the  third 
state  in  the  Union  in  point  of  dense  population,  containing  62  to  a  square  mile. 
Though  exposed  to  the  extremes  of  heat  and  cold,  and  to  sudden  changes  of 
temperature,  the  country  is  very  healthful.  The  north-west  winds,  which  pre- 
vail during  the  winter,  are  keen,  but  the  serenity  of  the  sky  during  the  same 
s,jason,  makes  amends,  in  some  degree,  for  the  severity  of  the  weather.  In 
the  maritime  towns,  the  weather  is  particularly  variable,  changing  as  the  wind 
blows  from  sea  or  land  ;  in  the  inland  country  it  is  less  so. 

The  foreign  trade  of  this  state  is  principally  with  the  West  Indies :  but  its 
coasting  trade  is  the  most  considerable.  Its  exports  consist  of  beef,  pork,  cat- 
tle, horses,  mules,  butter,  cheese,  maize,  rye,  flax-seed,  fish,  candles,  and  soap. 
The  whole  amount,  in  1829,  was  458,000  dollars.  Almost  all  the  produce  of 
the  western  part  of  the  state  is  carried  to  New  York. 

Mines  of  ditferent  kinds  have  been  found  in  this  state,  but  in  general  they 
have  not  been  wrought  to  any  c(Misid('rable  extent.  There  is  a  lead  mine  on 
the  Connecticut,  two  miles  frr)iii  IMiddletown,  which  was  wrought  during  the 
revolutionary  war.  Copper  mines  have  been  discovered  and  opened  in  several 
places,  but  having  proved  unprolitabh-,  have  been  neglected.  Iron  mines 
abound  in  many  parts,  and  are  productive.  A  quarry  of  valuable  stone  is 
found  in  Chatham,  and  one  of  marlile  in  Milford.  At'  Staflbrd  is  a  mineral 
spring,  the  most  celebrated  in  New  England.  ^-^ 


64 


CONNECTICUT. 


Education. 


Connecticut  has  considerable  manufactures  of  various  descriptions,  consisting 
of  wool,  cotton,  paper,  iron  in  different  forms,  glass,  snuff,  powder,  button^', 
hats,  clocks,  &c.  Tin-ware  is  extensively  manulactured,  and  sent  to  all  parts 
of  the  United  States. 

In  1832  there  were  in  the  state  94  cotton  manufactories,  with  a  capital  of 
$2,825,000,  making  annually  2,055,500  yards  of  cloth.  There  are,  likewise, 
more  than  40  woollen  manufactories  in  this  state.  The  total  value  of  all  kinds 
of  manufactures  in  1830  was  $1,442,878. 

There  are  in  Connecticut  14  banks,  including  a  branch  of  the  United  States 
Bank  at  Hartford.     The  amount  of  bank  stock  in  1830  was  $3,064,780. 

T.iC  colleges  in  Connecticut  are  Yale  College,  at  New  Haven,  which 
has  connected  with  it  medical,  theological,  and  law  schools ;  Wash- 
ington College,  at  Hartford;  and  Wesleyan  College  or  University,  recently 
founded  at  Middletown.  At  Hartford  is  the  American  Asylum  for  the  Educa- 
tion of  the  Deaf  and  DUmb;  and  there  are  other  respectable  literary  seminaries 
and  academies  at  New  Haven,  Hartford,  and  various  other  places. 

This  state  possesses  an  important  School  Fund,  which  was  derived  from  the 
sale  of  lands,  reserved  by  Connecticut,  in  the  state  of  Ohio,  and  which  amounted 
on  the  first  of  April,  1829,  to  $1,882,261  68.  The  income  of  this  fund  is 
appropriated  to  the  su[)port  of  primary  schools.  In  the  year  ending  March  31, 
1829,  the  sum  of  $72,161  15  was  divided  among  the  different  free  schools 
throughout  the  state.  The  number  of  children  between  the  ages  of  4  and  16, 
hi  1828,  was  84,899;  and  the  dividends  amounted  to  85  cents  to  each  child. 

The  number  of  periodical  presses  in  1831  was  30. 
Religious de-  The  Congregationalists  have  236  ministers  and  36  licentiates;  the 
nominationB.  Baptists,  ©9  churches,  78  ministers,  14  licentiates,  and  9,732  com- 
municants ;  the  Episcopalians,  59  ministers ;  the  Methodists,  40  ministers,  and 
7,000  communicants;  there  are  also  several  societies  of  Friends,  several  of 
Universalists,  two  of  Unitarians,  one  of  Catholics,  one  of  Shakers  and  some 
Free-will  Baptists,  and  a  few  Sandemanians. 

The  territory  of  Connecticut  originally  comprised  two  colonies;  the 
colony  of  Connecticut,  and  the  colony  of  New  Haven. 

The  settlement  of  Hartford,  in  the  colony  of  Connecticut,  was  commenced 
by  emigrants  from  Massachusetts,  in  1635;  and  that  of  New  Haven,  in  1638, 
by  emigrants  from  England. 

In  1662,  a  charter  was  granted  by  Charles  II.,  with  ample  privileges,  uniting 
the  colonies  of  Connecticut  and  New  Haven  under  one  government ;  but  the 
colony  of  New  Haven  -refused,  for  some  time,  to  accept  the  charter,  and  the 
union  did  not  take  place  till  1665. 

The  charter  was  suspended,  in  1687,  by  Sir  Edmund  Andros;  but  it  was 
restored  again  after  the  revolution  of  1688  in  England ;  and  it  formed  the 
basis  of  the  government  till  1818. 

Constitution     ^he  charter  granted  in  1662  by  Charles  II.,  formed  the  basis  of  the 
and  govern- government  of  Connecticut  till  1818,  when  the  present  constitution 

""■"*■  was  framed.  The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  senate  and  house 
of  representatives,  which  together  are  styled  the  General  Assembly. 

The  members  of  the  house  of  representatives  are  chosen  by  the  different 
towns  in  the  state :  the  more  ancient  towns,  the  majority  of  the  whole  num- 
ber, send  each  two  representatives;  the  rest  only  one  each.  The  present 
number  is  208. 

The  senate  must  consist  of  not  less  than  18,  nor  more  than  24  members, 
who  are  chosen  by  districts.     The  present  number  is  21. 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  n  governor.  A  lieutenant-governor  is  also 
chosen,  who  is  president  of  the  senate,  and  on  whom  the  duties  of  the  governor 
devolve  in  case  of  his  death,  resignation,  nr  absence. 


History. 


i 


CONNECTICUT. 


65 


ins,  consisting 
vdcr,  buttons', 
It  to  all  parts 

h  a  capital  of 
are,  likewise, 
leof  all  kinds 

United  States 
164,780. 
Haven,  which 
lools;  Wash- 
3ity,  recently 
)r  the  Educa- 
ry  seminaries 

ived  from  the 
lich  amounted 
•"  this  fund  is 
ng  March  31, 
free  schools 
of  4  and  16, 
each  child. 

lentiates;  the 
I  9,732  com- 
ninisters,  and 
s,  several  of 
!rs  and  some 


}}^ 


:'vM 


The  representatives,  senators,  governor,  and  lieutenant-governor  are  all 
elected  annually  by  the  people  on  the  first  Monday  in  April. 

The  general  assembly  has  one  stated  session  every  year,  on  the  first  Wed- 
nesday in  May,  alternately  at  Hartford  (1831)  and  at  New  Haven  (1332). 

"  Every  white  male  citizen  of  the  United  States,  who  shall  have  gained  a 
settlement  in  this  state,  attained  the  age  of  21  years,  and  resided  in  the  town 
in  which  he  may  offer  himself  to  be  admitted  to  the  privilege  of  an  elector,  at 
least  six  months  preceding,  and  have  a  freehold  estate.of  the  yearly  value  of 
seven  dollars,  in  this  state ;  or  having  been  enrolled  in  the  militia,  shall  have 
jK-rformed  military  duty  therein  for  the  term  of  one  year  next  preceding  the 
time  he  shall  offer  himself  for  admission,  or  being  liable  thereto,  shall  have 
been,  by  authority  of  law,  excused  therefrom ;  or  shall  have  paid  a  state  tax 
within  the  year  next  preceding  the  time  he  shall  present  himself  for  such  ad- 
mission, and  shall  sustain  a  good  moral  character,  shall,  on  his  taking  such  an 
oath  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law,  be  an  elector." 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court  of  Errora,  a  Superior  Court, 
and  such  inferior  courts  as  the  general  assembly  may,  from  time  to  time, 
establish.  The  judges  are  appointed  by  the  general  assembly ;  and  those  of 
the  Supreme  and  Superior  Courts  hold  their  otfices  during  good  behavior ;  but 
not  beyond  the  age  of  70  yef,rs. 

No  person  is  compelled  to  join,  or  support,  or  to  be  classed  with,  or  associ- 
ated to  any  congregation,  church,  or  religious  association.  But  every  person 
may  be  compelled  to  pay  his  proportion  of  the  expenses  of  the  society  to  which 
he;  may  belong :  he  may,  however,  separate  himself  from  the  society  by  leaving 
a  written  notice  of  his  wish  with  the  clerk  of  such  society. 

The  governor's  annual  salary  is  1100  dollars. 

This  state  sends  six  representatives  to  congress. 


colonies;  the 

commenced 
von,  in  1636, 

eges,  uniting 
ent;  but  the 
irtcr,  and  the 

but  it  was 
formed  the 

e  basis  of  the 
constitution 

te  and  house 

y. 

the  different 
whole  num- 

The  present 

!4  members, 

srnor  is  also 
he  governor 


1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 

23. 

24. 


PRACTICAL  QUESTIONS  ON  CONNECTICUT. 

How  is  Connecticut  bounded  ? 

What  was  the  population  in  1830? 

How  many  counties  does  it  contain  1 

Which  is  the  most  populous  city  ?  / 

What  is  said  of  the  Farmington  Canal  ? 

What  is  said  of  the  face  of  the  country  ? — Soil  and  productions  ? 

How  does  Connecticut  rank  in  point  of  a  dense  population  ? 

What  are  its  principal  exports  ? — What  was  the  amount  in  1829? 

Mention  the  principal  articles  manufactured. 

How  many  cotton  manufactories  were  there  in  1832? 

What  was  the  amount  of  capital  employed  in  them  ? 

How  many  yards  of  cloth  do  they  make  annually  ? 

How  many  banks  are  there  in  Connecticut  ? 

Mention  the  principal  literary  institutions. 

What  was  the  amount  of  the  school  fund  in  1829? 

Prom  what  was  the  school  fund  derived  ? 

Which  denomination  of  Christians  is  the  most  numerous  ?  " 

What  can  you  say  of  the  history  of  the  state  ? 

What  formed  the  basis  of  the  government  of  Connecticut  till  1818  ? 

When  is  the  annual  election  for  governor,  senators,  and  representatives  ? 

When  and  how  often  does  the  general  assembly  meet? 

What  is  a  necessary  qualification  for  an  elector  ? 

What  is  the  governor's  salary  ? 

How  many  representatives  does  Connecticut  send  to  con«rress  1 

I 


m 


GO 


pi*  I 


NEW  YORK. 


NEW  YOUK. 


i^ 


•>.  :    4.. 


^.        ...■,! 


ARMS  OF  NEW  YORK. 

'  Nbw  York  is  the  most  northern  of  the  middle  states,  and  the  most  populous 
state  in  the  Union.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  lake  Ontario,  the  St.  Lawrence  and 
Lower  Canada ;  E.  by  Vermont,  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut ;  S.  by  the 
Atlantic,  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania ;  W.  by  Pennsylvania,  Lake  Erie,  and 
the  Niagara.  Between  30°  45'  and  45°  N.  latitude;  and  2°  51'  VV.  and  5° 
E.  longitude  from  Washington.  Length,  316  miles.  Breadth,  304.  Con- 
taining 47,000  square  miles.     Population  to  a  square  mile,  40. 


■;  ,■■)• 
'■■'4 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

South  District. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Pop. 

Distance 
fr.  Albany. 

Columbia 

e 

38,330 

39,952 

Hudson 

5,395 

29 

Duchess 

se 

46,615 

50,926 

Poughkeepsie 

7,222 

75 

Greene 

em 

22,996 

29,525 

Catskill 

4,861 

34 

King's 

s 

11,187 

20,537 

Flatbush 

1,143 

156 

New  York 

s 

123,706 

203,007 

New  York 

203,007 

151 

Orange 

s 

41,213 

45,372 

{  Goshen 
(  Newburgh 

3,361 
6,424 

105 
96 

Putnam 

se 

11,268 

12,701 

Carmel 

2,379 

106 

Queen's 

s 

21,519 

22,276 

N.  Hempstead 

174 

Richmond 

s 

6,135 

7,084 

Richmond 

167 

Rockland 

s 

8,837 

9,388 

Clarkstown 

2,298 

122 

Suffolk 

se 

24,272 

26,980 

Suffolk  C.  H. 

225 

SuUivan 

s 

8,900 

12,372 

Monticello 

113 

Ulster 

sm 

30,934 

36,551 

Kingston 

4,170 

58 

Westchester       se 
14  Total  S.  Dist. 

32,638 

36,456 

Bedford 

2,750 

135 

428,550 

537,041 

.»  ,<  ► 


'■ 
195 

Ui  stance 
fr.  Albany. 

29 

122 

75 

!61 

34 

43 

156 

107 

151 

61 

105 

24 

96 

79 

106 

174 

167 

98 

122 

225 

113 

70 

58 

50 

135 

NKW  V»-»RK. 

Q 

TARLh 

or  • 

niK  COUNTIKS  AND  COUNTY  'l-OWNS. 

— ( 'diitinuti/. 

~3«,ri6 

North  Di.sfricl. 

Cniintieii. 

t 

Albniiy 

f?fl 

53,560 

County  'I'dwnH. 

Pop. 

UiKlaiire 
fr.  Allmny. 

Ar,n.\NY 

24,238 

Allf'iiliariy 

will 

9,330 

2(i,21H 

Angelica 

99H 

2.5(5 

llroonic 

sill 

11,100 

17,5M-J 

Hinghampton 

1,203 

145 

(,'at(araiigns 

will 

4,000 

16,726 

L':ilicoltsvillo 

626 

292 

(.'ayuga 

III 

38,M97 

47,947 

Aidunn 

4,486 

166 

t'hataijqiu; 

w 

12,568 

34,057 

Mayville 

33(J 

(.'li('iiaiiiL;»» 

sill 

31,215 

37,401 

IVorwich 

3,774 

110 

Clinton 

m 

12,070 

19,344 

I'lattshm-g 

4,913 

162 

Cortland 

III 

16,507 

23,603 

Cortlandvillc 

3,573 

142 

1  Delaware 

sin 

26,587 

32,933 

Delhi 

2,114 

77 

l-:ri« 

w 

15,668 

35,710 

Hiillalo 

8,653 

284 

lissex 

nc 

12,811 

19,387 

I'ilizabethtown 

1,729 

120 

Franklin 

11 

4,439 

11,312 

Malono 

2,207 

212 

i(!onc.s(H' 

w 

39,835 

51,992 

Batavia 

4,271 

244 

Hamilton 

III 

1,251 

1,324 

Wells 

340 

72 

Ifcrkimcr 

m 

31,017 

55,869 

Herkimer 

2,486 

80 

Joircrson 

nw 

32,952 

48,515 

Watcrtown 

4,768 

100 

Lewis 

mil 

9,227 

14,958 

Martinsburgh 

2,382 

129 

Livingston 

wm 

19,196 

27,719 

Gcneseo 

2,675 

226 

Madison 

m 

32,208 

39,037 

{  Cazenovia 
(  Morrisville 

113 
101 

Monroo 

wm 

26,529 

49,862 

Rocliester 

9,269 

219 

Montproinery 

em 

27,569 

43,595 

Johnstown 

7,700 

45 

Niagiira 

w 

7,322 

18,485 

Lock  port 
C  Utica 

2,022 
8,323 

288 
96 

Oneida 

m 

50,997 

71,326 

<  Rome 

(  Whitesboro' 

4,360 

107 
100 

Onondaga 

m 

41,461 

58,974 

Syracuse 

133 

Ontario 

wm 

35,312 

40,167 

Canandaigua 

5,162 

195 

Orleans 

wm 

7,625 

18,485 

Albion 

257 

Oswego 

wm 

12,374 

27,104 

^  Oswego 
(  Richland 

2,703 
2,733 

167 
153 

Otsego 

VI 

44,856 

51,372 

Cooperstown 

1,115 

66 

Rensselaer 

e 

40,153 

49,472 

Troy 

11,405 

6 

Saratoga 

em 

36,052 

36,616 

Ballston 

2,113 

29 

St.  Lawrence 

nw 

16,037 

36,351 

Potsdam 

3,650 

216 

Sehcnectady 

em 

13,081 

12,334 

Scheocctady 

4,258 

15 

Schoharie 

m 

23,154 

27,910 

Schoharie 

5,146 

32 

Seneca 

wm 

17,773 

21,031 

^Ovid.   • 

(  Waterloo 

2,756 
1,837 

171 
173 

Steuben 

sivm 

21,989 

33,975 

Bath 

3,387 

216 

Tioga 

swm 

14,716 

27,704 

^  Elmira 
I  Owcgo 

2,962 
3,080 

198 
167 

Tompkins 

su'm 

26,178 

36,545 

I^llaca 

5,270 

163 

Warren 

cm 

9,453 

11,795 

Caldwell 

797 

62 

Washington 

c 

38,831 

42,615 

i  Salem 
I  Sandy  Hill 

2,972 

46 
60 

Wavnc 

wm 

20,319 

33,555 

i  Lyons 
(  Palmyra 

3,603 
3,434 

181 
196 

Yates               wm 

42     Total  JViirth  DiH. 
56      Total  of  JV.  York 

11,025 

19,01-9 
1,366,467 

Penii  Yan 

slaves. 

185 

944,262 

•      •      •      • 

T7)^13,50«, 

of, -whom  46  arc 

G8 


1 1 


ifi 


^Mi  I-nkt  Krit 
^0  JIuffalo 

Tonneieanta  Cr 

•  Pendleton 
I  Lockport 

I  Jlliddleport 
Road  under  eaiu 
|i  JiTixBport 

Brockpcrt 


I  Rochttler 

'  PitUfield 
Ort.  Embankment 


Palmyra 


o 
n 


m 

^1 
o  1 
'^ 

H 

W  1 

w 

PS 
hi 

w 

o 

> 

2! 


FJVeieort 

•■  Clyde 

I  JUontttuma 
I  Weedtport 
^Jordan 

!  Oliseo 
f  Syrncuee 

fManliue 

i'  J^ew  Boston 
Oneida  Cr. 

'Rome 
Utica 


I  Steel's  Cr. 
Oerman  Flalt 

Fall  mil 
'  Little  Falls 


Canajoharie 
■Anthony's  M'ose 

i  Schoharie 

'Flint  mil 
I  Plattskill  .aq. 
\  Schenectady 

Wat  Hoix  Gap 
Cahoot  Falls 

Champlain  Canal 
Jllhnjtv 
Hudson  Kiver 


NEtV  YORK. 

Populatum  at  Different  Periods, 

Populntion.       Incrounti  frum  HIavri. 

In  1790,     y40,120  21,:J24 

1800,    riHe.orjo  noo  to  leoo,  245,o:jo  2o,oi;j 

1810,  050,049  1800  1810,  :n2,909  15,017 
1820,  l,y72,812  1810  1820,  41,'3,703  10,088 
1825,  1,616,458 

1830,  1,913,508  1820      1830,  540,690  46 

The  prinripal  rivers  are  the  Hudson,  Mohawk,  St. 
Lawrence,  Delaware,  Susquehanna,  Tioga,  Allfj^lia- 
ny,  Genesee,  Oswego,  Niagara,  Tonnewanta,  Hluck, 
Oswegatchie,  St.  Regis,  Racket,  Salmon,  and  Sam- 
nac.  A  part  of  the  lakes  Erie,  Ontario,  and  Cham- 
plain,  belongs  to  New  York.  The  other  lakes  in 
this  state  are,  lakes  George,  Cayuga,  Seneca,  Oneitla, 
Oswegatchie,  Canandaigua,  Chataiinue,  Skeneatiles, 
and  several  smaller  ones. 

New  York  State  Canals. 


I.oncth.  Tntiil  cost. 

F.rio  Cnnal               3()3  miles.  SI'J,027,4f)Ci  95 

(Jhnmplain                  63      "  1,179,871  W) 

(Jswego                       38      "  525,115  37 


(Jayuga  &  Seneca      2() 


214,000  31 


Tolls  in  1831. 

$1,091,714  2(*. 

102,896  23 

16,271   10 

12,920  39 


81,223,801  98 

The  Eric  Canal,  which  forms  a  communication 
between  the  Hudson  and  lake  Erie,  extending  from 
Albany  to  Buffalo,  is  the  most  magnificent  work  of 
the  kind  in  America,  and  is  much  longer  than  any 
canal  in  Europe.* 

The  Champlain  Canal,  which  forms  a  communi- 
cation between  the  Hudson  and  lake  Champlain,  is 
63  miles  long,  and  extends  from  Whitehall  to  Water- 
vliet,  where  it  unites  with  the  Erie  Canal. 

The  Oswego  Canal  extends  from  Oswego  to  Salina, 
38  miles,  and  unites  lake  Ontario  with  the  Erie  Canal. 

The  Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal,  formed  by  the 
Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal  Company,  extends  from 
the  Hudson  to  the  Delaware,  60  miles  ;  thence  up  the 
Delaware,  22  miles ;  thence  up  the  valley  of  the 
Lackawaxen  to  Honesdale,  24  miles;  total  length, 
106  miles :  average  cost,  about  $15,000  a  mile. 

The  debt  on  account  of  canals,  on  the  1st  of  Jan- 
uary, 1832,  was  8,055,645  dollars. 

The  following  are  the  principal  cities  and  towns : 
New  York,  Albany,  Utica,  Hudson,  Troy,  and  Sche- 
nectady, cities ;  Newburgh,  Poughkeepsie,  Cattskill, 
Athens,  Lansingburgh,  Waterford,  and  Sandy  Hill, 
on  the  Hudson ;  Cooperstown,  Goshen,  Cherry  Val- 
ley, Socket's  Harbor,  Oswego,  iLuburn,  Skeneatiles, 
Geneva,  Canandaigua,  Rochester,  and  Buffalo,  west 
of  the  Hudson ;  Plattsburg,  on  Lake  Champlain,  and 
Brooklyn  and  Sag-Harbor,  on  Long  Island. 

The  surface  of  the  eastern  part  of  the  state  of  New 
York,  is  greatly  diversified;  there  are  some  level 
tracts ;  but  the  greater  part  is  hilly,  or  mountainous. 
The  Catskill  mountains  are  the  principal  range  in  the 
state.     There  are  numerous  summits  west  of  Lake 


\ 


HlHvrs. 

)J«)  20,61  H 
)09  15,017 
703    10,088 

BOO  40 

Mohnwk,  St. 
ga,  Allt'<?lm- 
ant.-i,  Hlurk, 
1,  uiitl  Sarii- 
I,  and  Chani- 
lior  lakes  in 
lira,  Oneida, 
Skencutiks, 


Tiillii  in  1S31. 

$1,091,714  «(•> 

102,806  23 

16,271  10 

12,020  3U 

$1,223,801  98 

)mmunication 
itending  from 
icent  work  of 
Ter  than  any 

a  communi- 
::;hamplain,  is 
lall  to  Water- 
lal. 

logo  to  Salina, 
le  Erie  Canal, 
rmed  by  the 
extends  from 
thence  up  the 
alley  of  the 
total  length, 
|0  a  mile, 
le  1st  of  Jan- 
Is  and  towns : 
W,  and  Schc- 
|)sie,  Cattskill, 
Sandy  Hill, 
Cherry  Val- 
I,  Skeneatiles, 

I  Buffalo,  west 
lamplain,  and 
land. 

j  state  of  New 
le  some  level 
Imountainoiis. 

II  range  in  the 
■west  of  Lake 


4. 


NFIW  YORK.  OU 

Chnmplain,  the  hiu;hrst  of  which  is  cstiiiuitrd  nt  nc'irly  M,000  (I'd  nhovc  {]»% 
lake,  'riic  western  |)iirl  of  the  stat(!  is  mnsfly  a  level,  or  iiioilerately  uneven 
countrv ;  but  towards  the  IViuisylvania  line  it  iK-comcs  hilly  and  brok(!n. 

A  I'reat  part  of  this  st;ite  hiis  a  crodd  soil,  and  a  consideialtle  portion  is  cole- 
hrated  for  its  li^tility.  Much  of  the  country  is  excellent  for  ^'ra7.in<r;  and  a 
great  proportion  is  exceedinj^ly  well  ndapfecl  to  raising  grain,  and  to  the  vari- 
ous purposes  of  agriculture.  The  l(!vel  tracts  in  tli(!  western  part  liavt^  a  deep 
rich  soil,  and  yield  abundant  crops  of  Indian  corn,  wheat,  \'«-.  A  considerable 
jiart  of  the  slate  is  under  goiwl  cultivalion,  parlicularly  tlu;  west  end  of  Jiong 
Island,  and  the  counties  of  West-Chester  and  Duchess. 

Wheat  is  raised  in  greater  abundance  tlian  any  other  kind  of  grain.  Indian 
corn,  rye,  oats,  flax,  heni|),  peas,  beans,  various  kinds  of  grass,  &c.,  are  ex- 
tensivelV  cultivated.  Orchards  are  abundant,  and  great  (juantities  of  excellent 
cider  are  made.  Various  other  kinds  of  fruit  llourisU  well,  as  pears,  jx:aches 
in  the  southern  part,  plums,  cherries,  &c. 

Iron  ore  is  linuid  in  great  abundance,  in  various  parts.  Cypsnm,  limestone, 
marbl(!,  slate,  lead,  »Jv:c.,  occur  in  ditlerent  places.  Salt  springs  are  found  in 
the  counlies  of  Onondaga,  Cayuga,  S(!ne(;a,  Ontario,  Cenesce,  and  Oneida. 
These  springs  sujiply  l,441,r).'jH  bushels  of  salt  aiunially,  and  the  manufacture 
mav  be  extended  to  any  (k-sirable  quantity.  The  mineral  waters  of  New  York 
a.  '"the  most  celebrated  in  America.  The  waters  of  Saratoga  and  . -allston 
are  visited  from  all  parts  of  the  Union.  New  Lebanon  Springs  hw.  much  re- 
sorted  to  for  bathing.  Sulphur  sj)rings  are  numerous ;  of  tlu.'se  (!lit1on  springs 
at  Farmington,  are  the  most  noted.  Oil  springs,  which  produce  Seneca  oil, 
are  fgund  in  Cataraugus  and  AUeghany  counties. 

There  are  many  natural  curiosities  in  this  Siute ;  the  most  celebrated  of 
which  is  the  grefit  cataract  of  Niagara.  Baker's  and  Glen's  Falls  on  the 
Hudson,  Adgaf(!  Falls  on  Sable  river,  the  Cohoes  on  the  Mohawk,  and  the  falls 
on  the  Genesee,  Salmon  river,  Fall  Creek,  Black  river,  and  West  Canada 
Creek,  are  all  objects  of  interest.  The  passage  ol"  the  Hudson  through  the 
Highlands,  Rockbridge  in  Chester,  Split  Rock  on  Lake  Champlain,  the  Ridge 
road  extending  from  the  Genesee  to  Lcwiston,  and  the  scenerv  around  Lake 
George,  are  all  regarded  as  curiosities. 

Not  long  since  there  was  discovered  on  the  north  bank  of  Black  river,  op- 
posite to  the  village  of  Watertown,  an  extraordinary  cavern,  the  mouth  of 
which  is  about  10  rods  from  the  river.     It  has  been  but  partially  explored,  al- 
though it  is  said  to  have  teen  traversed  to  the  distance  of  more  than  100 
rods.  It  is  of  vast  extent,  comprising  a  great  number  of  s[)acious  rooms,  halls, 
and  chambers,  with  immense  quantities  of  calcareous  concretions  in  different 
states,  from  the  consistence  of  lime  mortar  to  that  of  the  most  beautiful  sta- 
lactites as  hard  as  marble.     The  mouth  of  the  cavern  is  a  small  hollow,  about 
.5  feet  below  the  surrounding  surface  of  the  earth.     You  then  descend  16^  feet 
into  a  room,  about  16  feet  by  20,  and  8  feet  high ;  and  behold  in  front  of  you 
a  large  table  rock,  12  or  14  feet  square,  2  thick,  and  elevated  about  4  feet 
from  the  bottom  of  the  cavern ;  the  roof  over-head  is  covered  with  stalactites, 
some  of  which  reach  to  the  rock.    On  your  left  hand  is  an  arched  way  of  150 
feet,  and  on  your  right  is  another  arched  way,  6  feet  broad  at  the  bottom,  and 
6  high,  leading  into  a  large  room.    Passing  by  this  arch  about  20  feet,  you  ar- 
rive at  another,  which  leads  into  a  hall  10  feet  wide,  and  100  long,  from  5  to 
8  high,  supported  by  pillars  and  arches,  and  the  side  Iwrdered  with  curtains, 
plaited  in  variegated  forms,  as  white  as  snow.     Near  the  middle  of  this  hall 
an  arched  way  extends  through,  which,  like  the  hall,  is  bordered  with  curtains, 
hung  over  with  stalactites.     Returning  into  the  hall,  you  pass  through  another 
arch  into  a  number  of  rooms  on  the  left  hand,  curtained,  and  having  stalac- 
tites hanging  from  the  roof.     You  then  descend  10  feet  into  a  chamber  about 
20  feet  square,  2  high,  curtained  in  like  manner,  and  hung  over  with  stalac- 


^^ 


ji 


ff<  Hi 


t 

70  i\FAV  YORK. 

iitos.  Ill  <iii<'  <f)ni('i'  (if  this  cliainlM-r,  n  Hmull  moiinfl  is  iJu'mrd,  nhout  12  f«>t 
in  (liniMcfcr,  risiiiij  M  (ret  iVoiii  tli(!  (I(H)r;  ih?^  t<ni  '■;'  which  is  hollow  iiidI  tiill  of 
water,  iVoin  thu  (lrii)j)ini];s  of  HtulartitcM  cls'uc  Komo  of  whicii  reach  near  to 
the  hasin. 

Tho  nuinlxu'  nnd  Npac-iniisiifss  of  tho  roon:>,  ciirtainfd  nnd  plaited  wifli  largo 
plaits,  exteiidiiii,'  filoii;,'  the  walls  iVnni  2  or  M  leet  Iron  ihe  roof,  (»l"  the  most 
perfect  whiteness,  reseinhliiijif  the  most  Ixaiitifid  fa|)estr\  ;  th(!  lar^e  drops  of 
water  which  are  consfaiitiN  siis|)ende(|  from  tli(!  roofs  ahove;  the  (•(ihimiis  of 
spar  rcstini,'  on  pedestals,  wlii(di  in  some  places  seem  to  he  formed  to  support 
the  arches;  the  redectioii  of  the  liglits,  and  the  irreat  extent  and  variety  of  the 
scenery  of  this  wonderliil  cavern,  form  alto<fether  one  of  tho  most  pleasing 
and  interesting  scenes  of  tlu;  kind  over  Ixdield  hy  the  eye  of  ninn. 

Th(!  exports  of  New  York  exce<(d  those  of  any  other  state  in  tli(!  Union,  and 

amounted,  in  IHiiJ),  to  80,110,000  dollars.    They  consist  of  heef,  pork,  wheat, 

/lour,  Indian  corn,  rye,  butter,  cheese,  pot  and  j)oarl  ashes,  (laxsefxl,  jieas, 

beans,  horses,  cattle,  Inmbcir,  «fec. 

Maniiftc-       There  were  in  tliis  state  in  18JU,  20fl  woollen  manufactories,  and 

lures,  i),^,  tf^fjji  valn(!  of  woollens  manufactured  annually  was  tstimated  at 
82,500,000.  The  number  of  iron  works  in  the  state  is  over  200,  and  tho 
total  value  of  all  maiuifiicfures  of  iron  is  estimated  at  $4,000,000. 

'J'here  are  in  the  slate  of  New  York,  (IH32,)  112  (totton  manufactories. 

Amount  of  capita!  invested, $4,485,.500 

Value  of  goods  manuliictiired  ainuially, H,530,2r)0 

Pounds  of  cotton  used  annually, 7,901,670 

Equal  to  20,5:58  bales,  of  .'100  lbs.  each. 

Number  of  spindles  in  use, 157,310 

Number  of  persons  employed  and  sustained  by  said  establishments,  15,971 

The  following  will  give  some  idea  of  the  amount  of  several  of  tho  principal 
manufactures  in  this  state  made  annually. 

Woollens 82,500,000 

Cottons 3,520,250 

Iron  and  manufactures 4,000,000 

Paper 700,000 

Leather 3,458,650 

Hats 3,500,000 

Boots  and  shoes,  deducting  leather 3,000,000 

Window  glass .' 200,000 

Domestic  articles  made  in  families 4,823,831 

$25,702,731 

Onondaga  Salt  Spnngs. — On  the  borders  of  Onondaga  lake  there  are  val- 
uable saline  springs,  which  arc  the  property  of  the  state,  and  from  which  salt, 
in  large  quantities,  is  manufactured.  The  water  yields  salt  at  the  rate  of  one 
bushel  to  45  gallons.  The  salt  is  made  at  the  villages  of  Salina,  Syracuse, 
Liverpool,  and  Gcddes. 

^  niishols.  Duties. 

'  '       Quantity  of  salt  inspected  in  1826,  827,508  $68,825.33 

Do.                   do.                 1827,  983,410  120,942.41 

Do.       .           do.    ,             1828,  1,160,888  131,959.32 

Do.        '           do.    '             1829,  1,404,800 

In  tlie  state  of  New  York  are  67  banks,  January  1832,  including  3  branches 
of  the  United  States  bank ;  19  of  which  are  in  the  city  of  New  York,  5  at  Al- 
bany, 3  at  Troy,  2  at  Rochester,  and  the  others  are  in  various  parts  of  the 
state,  only  one  in  a  place.     Total  capital  $27,133,460. 


•*ii^-. 


NKVV  YORK. 


i\ 


ilxiut  12  iii't 
V  aixl  lull  of 
■ach  mar  to 

•d  wifli  largo 
,  (if  th)'  most 
r^r  drops  of 
'  coliiiniis  of 
•d  to  support 
ari<'ly  of  tlio 
lost   plausiii}^ 

V.  Union,  and 
pork,  wliL-at, 

IXSCKtd,    JH'US, 

fuctorios,  nnd 

(estimated  at 

500,  nnd  tho 

artorios. 
14,485,500 
M,5m),li50 
7,901,670 

..157,310 
Us,  15,971 

tho  principal 

12,500,000 
3,520,250 
4,000,000 
.700,000 
3,458,650 
3,500,000 
3,000,000 
200,000 
4,823,831 

5,702,731 

here  are  val- 
(1  which  salt, 
rate  of  one 
a,  Syracuse, 

)iitiofi. 

,825.33 
,942.41 
,959.32 

y  3  branches 

ark,  5  at  Al- 

parts  of  the 


Th"'  princiiud  lihTary  srniiiwirirM  iti  lliis  sfaio  an;  C'oluniljiu  Col- 

*'"'""' |c«.-,  in  ihciity  ofN.w  York  ;  I'nion  Collf-r,.,  at  Schm.rlady  ;  Ilani- 

dfon  Collf^c,  at  Clinton;  (Joicva  Cullt-m;,  at  (itni'va  ;  tlio  Mfdiral  Colli'm's  in 
Niw  ^ork  cifv  and  at  I'airtirlii  •  tlic  'rhro|oH;ical  Suniinarii-s  in  New  Y'ork  city, 
at  Aiihiirn,  li.iilu  itk,  and  ilaiDllinii;  the  i'olylcfhny,  at  Cliitlinango;  the 
Albany  Acadcniy,  and  ahoiit  50  other  acadcniii;^. 

Summary  of  the  Annual  Report  of  the  StifurlntnuUnt  of  Common  Schools, 

January,  1832. 

( )r<;ani/(M]  counties 55 

Towns  and  wards 703 

Sclio(>l  districts !).:<h;{ 

Those  that  have  made  reports ^,H'^^^ 

VVhf)le  nuinlM-r  of  scholars  tauijht  in  the  common  schools 506,8^7 

Whole  numlx'r  of  children  Ixitwfren  5  and  10  in  the  districts  from 

which  reports  have  Imcu  received 500,731 

Increase  of  children  tauulit  in  1W31 7,l(!3 

Increase  of  number  of  dislricts 270 

Averajre  mmilM'r  of  months  in  the  year  in  whieii  s<'liolars  are  taui^ht H 

Amount  of  schfMiI  moneys  received  in  the  several  districts  in  tln^  state,  vi/. — 

From  the  state  treasury $100,000  00 

Town  tuxes  and  local  funds 144,886  00 

244,880  00 

Amount  paid  for  teachers'  wages  over  and  above  the  public 

money 372,692  00 


Total  paid  teachers $017,578  00 

The  productive  capital  of  the  School  Fund,  is  f  1,704,159  40. 

Newspapers  are  now  published  in  all  the  or<,'anized  counties  of  tho  state, 
except  Putnam,  Richmond,  and  Rockland,  which  counties  are  supplied  with 
New  York  city  and  other  |)apers. 

The  daily  pajwrs  are  18  in  number,  viz.  13  printed  in  tlic  city  of  New 
York,  4  in  Albany,  and  1  in  Rochester. 

In  the  city  of  New  York  64  papers  are  pidilished,  viz. 

VVIioln  niimbor  isHiicil  nt  each  piihlicatinn.  Annually. 

13  Daily 13,200 ....  (average,  1400) ....  5,623,800 

12  Semi-weekly 19,200 (average,  1600) 1,996,800 

33  Weekly 56,000 2,912,000 

3  Semi-monthly 3,000 72,000 

3  Monthly 2,000 24,000 


64  Pajjers.     Total  numbfn*  of  sheets  printed  annually,.  .10,628,600 
194  Probable  number  issued  in  other  parts  of  the  state, . .  .5,400,000 


258  Total..  16,028,600       *, 

■t 

The  Presbyterians  have  5  synods,  29  presbyteries,  587  churches,  „g|j  .^^^^^ 
486    ministers,    124    licentiates,    and    54,093    communicants;    the    immina- 
Dutch   Reformed,  148  churches.  111  ministers,  7   licentiates,  and  """*•  ^**3'- 
8,672   communicants;   the   Associate   Synod   of   N.   A.,  15   congregations, 
13  ministers,  and  1,668  communicants;  the  Methodists,  73,174  members;  the 
Baptists,  549  churches,  387  ministers,  and  43,565  communicants ;  the  Episco- 
palians, 129  ministers  ;  the  Lutherans,  27  ministers,  and  2,973  communicants  ; 
the  Roman  Catholics,  Friends,  and  Universalists  are  considerably  numerous  ; 
the  Unitarians  have  5  societies  and  2  ministers,  and  there  are  some  Shakers, 
and  some  United  Brethren. 


Ai 


'■*'jir#t 


i, ,    '*l 


72  NEW  YORK.       ' 

Comparative  view  of  the  number  of  Clergy  in  the  State  in  1819  and  1832. 

No.  ill  Ihl'l.  No.  in  1832. 

Presbyterians  uud  Congregationalists 3iiH 460 

Episcopalians 83 143 

Baptists 139 310  < 

Reformed  Dutch 105 98 

Methodists 90 357 

liUtherans '. . .  16 13 

Other  denomiuations,  not  enumerated  in  1819 89 

Total 761  1470 

The  settlement  of  this  state  was  commenced  by  the  Dutch,  in 
1614,  who  named  the  country  New  Netherlands,  and  established  a 
colonial  government  in  1629.  In  1664,  Charles  II.  of  England  granted  to 
his  brother,  the  duke  of  York,  v.  patent  for  a  large  tract  of  country,  forming 
the  present  states  of  New  Y'^ork  and  New  Jersey ;  and  during  the  same  year, 
colonel  Nicolls,  with  a  considerable  force,  in  the  service  of  the  duke,  made  a 
conquest  of  the  country  ;  and  the  name  of  New  Netherlands  was  afterwards 
changed  into  New  York.  In  1673,  the  colony  was  recaptured  by  the  Dutch, 
and  held  by  thcin  a  few  'months ;  but,  with  the  exception  of  this  short  period, 
it  was  in  the  possession  of  the  English  from  1664  till  the  American  Revolu- 
tion, in  1775. 

constituiioii     '^'^^  present  constitution  of  the  state  of  New  Y'ork  was  formed  in 
and  govern- 1821.     The  oxccutive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected 

incnt.  j^y  ^j^g  people  every  two  years  ;  and,  at  the  same  time,  a  lieutenant- 
governor  is  also  chosen,  who  is  president  of  the  senate,  and  on  whom,  in  case 
of  the  impeachment,  resignation,  death,  or  absence  of  the  governor  from  office, 
the  powers  and  duties  of  governor  devolve. 

The  legislative  i»wer  is  vested  in  a  senate  of  32  members,  who  are  chosen 
for  four  years,  and  an  assembly  of  128  members,  who  are  elected  annually; 
and  these  bodies  united  are  styled  The  Legislature. 

For  the  election  of  the  senators,  the  state  ia  divided  into  eight  districts,  each 
being  entitled  to  choose  four  senators,  one  of  whom  is  elected  every  year.  The 
members  of  the  assembly  are  chosen  by  counties,  and  arc  apportioned  accord- 
ing to  population. 

The  election  of  governor,  lieutenant-governor,  senators,  and  members  of  the 
assembly,  is  held  at  such  time  in  the  month  of  October  or  November,  as  the 
legi.slatuve  may  by  law  provide. 

The  political  year  coinmences  on  the  first  day  of  January  ^  and  the  legisla- 
ture meets  annually  (at  Albany)  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  January,  unless  a 
dill'crent  day  is  appointed  by  law. 

The  constitution  grants  the  right  of  suffrage,  in  the  election  of  public  officers, 
to  every  white  male  citizen,  of  the  age  of  21  years,  who  has  been  an  inhabitant 
of  the  state  one  year  next  preceding  any  election,  and,  for  the  preceding  six 
months,  a  resident  in  the  county  where  lie  may  ofler  his  vote ;  but  no  man  of 
color  is  entitled  to  vote  unless  he  is  possessed  of  a  freehold  estate  of  the  value 
of  250  dollars,  without  any  ciicumbran'^e. 

The  chancellor  and  judges  are  appoir:;?d  by  the  governor,  with  the  consent 
of  the  senate.  The  chancellor  and  justices  of  the  supreme  and  circuit  courf.s 
hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  or  until  they  attain  the  age  of  60  years. 
The  judges  of  the  county  courts,  or  courts  of  common  pleas,  are  appointed  for 
a  term  of  five  years. 

The  governor's  annual  salary  is  $4,000.  This  state  sends  40  representa- 
tives to  congress 


I 


% 


NEW  YORK. 


73 


II  1832. 

43 
10 

98 

157 

13 

,89 

470 

>  Dutch,  in 
jtabllshed  a 
granted  to 
;ry,  forming 
I  same  year, 
uke,  made  a 
3  afterwards 
y  the  Dutch, 
short  period, 
lean  Revolu- 

as  formed  in 
•ho  is  elected 
,  a  lieutenant- 
vhom,  in  case 
or  from  office, 

ore  chosen 
^cd  annually; 

istricts,  each 
ry  year.  The 
ioned  acc(jrd- 

cnibers  of  the 
ember,  as  the 

d  the  Icgisla- 
lary,  unless  a 

(ublic  officers, 

Tan  inhabitant 

Ipreceding  six 

lit  n<J  man  of 

of  the  value 


■   PRACTICAL  QUESTIONS  ON  NEW  YORK. 

1.  How  is  New  York  bounded? 

2.  How  many  square  miles  does  it  contain  ? — 3.  How  many  counties  ? 

4.  What  was  the  total  population  in  1830  ? 

5.  How  many  were  slaves  ? 

6.  Mention  the  principal  rivers  and  lakes. 

7.  Mention  the  canals  in  New  York,  length,  and  their  cost  ? 

8.  What  can  you  say  of  the  Erie  canal  ? — 9.  Champlain  ? 

10.  Delaware  and  Hudson? — Principal  cities  and  towns? 

11.  Describe  the  face  of  the  country. — 12.  Soil. 
13.  What  is   lid  of  the  different  kinds  of  grain? 

}  4.  How  many  bushels  of  salt  do  the  salt  springs  of  the  state  supply 
annually  ? 

15.  What  was  the  amount  of  exports  in  1829?  ^ 

16.  What  do  the  exports  consist  of? 

17.  What  was  the  number  of  woollen  manufactures  in  the  state  in  1831  ? 

18.  What  the  value  of  woollens  manufactured  annually? 

19.  What  is  the  number  of  iron  works? 

20.  What  is  the  value  of  all  the  manufactures  of  iron? 

21.  Give  an  account  of  the  manufacture  of  cotton. 

22.  Can  you  mention  the  annual  amount  of  the  principal  manufactures  in 
the  state  ? 

23.  How  many  banks  were  there  in  the  state,  January  1832  ? 

24.  Mention  the  principal  literary  seminaries. 

25.  How  many  scholars  were  taught  in  the  common  schools  of  the  state 
in  1831 ? 

,      26.  What  was  the  total  number  of  clergy  in  1832? 
'      27.  Can  you  give  a  short  history  of  the  state  ? 

28.  When  was  the  present  constitution  of  the  state  formed  ? 
-■:     29.  In  whom  is  the  executive  power  of  the  state  vested  ? 
I     30.  What  is  said  of  tht  'ogislative  power? 

31.  Into  how  many  districts  is  the  state  divided  for  the  election  of  senators? 

32.  When  does  the  political  year  commence  ? 

33.  To  whom  does  the  constitution  grant  the  right  of  suffrage  ? 
^|,     34.  What  is  the  governor's  salary  ? 

,i-     35.  How  many  representatives  does  the  r,tate  send  to  congress  ? 


II  the  consent 

Icircuit  courts 

of  60  years. 

[appointed  for 

representa- 


74 


I-    !' 


Il!fl!!.s;i 


NEW  JERSEV. 

NEW  JERSEY. 


ARMS  OF  NEW  JERSEY. 

New  Jersey  is  bounded  N.  by  New  York ;  E.  by  the  Atlantic  and  by 
Hudson  river,  which  separates  it  from  New  York ;  S.  by  Delaware  bay,  and 
W.  by  Delaware  river,  which  separates  it  from  Pennsylvania.  It  extends  from 
long.  1°  26'  to  3°  9'  E.  from  Washington,  and  from  lat.  39°  to  41°  24'  N. 
It  is  160  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.  and  contains  8,320  square  miles,  or 
5,324,000  acres, 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Dist.  from 
Trenton. 

Bergen,             ne 
Burlington,         m 
Cape  May,         se 
Cumberland,       s 
Essex,              nm 
Gloucester,       sm 

Hunterdon,      wm 

Middlesex,          m 
Monmouth,          e 
Morris,              nm 
Salem,               «r 
Somerset,           m 
Sussex,             nw 
Warren,           nw 

14         Total 

18,178 
28,822 
4,265 
12,663 
30,793 
23,039 

28,604 

21,470 
25,038 
21,363 
14,022 
16,506 
32,752 

22,414 
31,066 
4,945 
14,091 
41,928 
28,431 

31,066 

23,157 
29,233 
23,580 
14,155 
17,689 
20,349 
18,634 

Hackensack 
Mount  Holly 
Cape  May  C.  H. 
Bridgetown 
Newark 
Woodbury 

i  TSENTON 

\  Flemington 
New  Brunswick 
Freehold 
Morristown 
Sal^m 
Somerville 
Newton 
Belvidere 

of  whom  2,446  are  p 

63 
21 
102 
69 
49 
39 

23 
27 
36 
55 
65 
33 
70 
54 

'  aves. 

277,575 

320,779, 

Population. 

In  1790  184,139 
1800  211,149 
1810  245,562 
1820  277,575 
1830  320,779 


Population  at  different  periods. 


Increase  from  1790  to  1800,  27,010 

1800      1810,  34,413 

1810      1820,  32,013 

1820      1830,  42,204 


Slaves. 

11,423 

12,422 

10,851 

7,557 

2,446 


■hk        NEW  JERSEY.  76 

Delaware  river  separates  this  state  from  Pennsylvania,  and  the  Hudson  forms 
the  nortiiern  part  of  the  eastern  boundary.  The  other  most  considerable  rivers 
are  the  Raritan,  Passaic,  Hackensack,  Great  Egg  Harbor  River,  and 
Musconetcunk. 

Trenton  is  the  seat  of  government.  The  other  most  considerable  towns  are 
Newark,  New  Brunswick,  Elizabethtown,  Burlington,  and  Amboy. 

The  Morris  Canal  is  intended  to  connect  the  Delaware  and  Hudson  rivers, 
and  to  extend  from  Easton  to  Jersey  City.  The  whole  line  from  Easton  on  the 
Delaware,  to  Newark  on  the  Passaic,  is  finished.     The  remaining  part,  from 


rROPILE  VIEW  OF  THE  MORRIS  CANAL. 


.tlantic  and  by 
iware  bay,  and 
It  extends  from 
'  to  41°  24'  N. 
[uare  miles,   or 


i^NS. 


Dist.  from 
Trenton. 


63 
21 
102 
69 
49 
39 

23 
27 
36 
55 
65 
33 
70 
54 


•6  phves. 


Slaves. 

11,423 
12,422 
10,851 

7,557 
2,446 


Newark  to  Jersey  City  is  about  1 1  miles  long.  Hopatcong  lake,  at  the  summit 
level,  being  about  QUO  feet  above  tide-water,  supi)lios  the  canal  with  water 
throughout.    The  whole  expense  is  estimated  at  a  little  upwards  of  $1,100,000. 

The  Delaware  and  Raritan  Canal,  which  is  to  extend  from  New  Brunswick 
on  the  Raritan  to  Lambcrton  on  the  Delaware  below  Trenton,  a  distance  of  28 
miles,  is  in  progress,  and  will  probably  be  finished  in  1833.  This  will  be  a 
source  of  great  internal  improvement.  It  is  7  feet  deep,  and  75  feet  wide  at 
the  water-line. 

Charters  for  several  rail-roads  have  been  gratitcd  by  the  legislature  within 
two  years,  the  state  having  reserved  the  right  to  levy  a  tran.sit  duty  upon  the 
goods,  &c.  transported  upon  them,  which  is  expected  to  yield  to  the  state  a 
large  revenue,  when  the  works  shall  be  completed. 

The  most  important  of  these  enterprises  is  the  Camden  and  Amboy  Rail- 
road, the  charter  of  which  was  granted  in  1829,  and  which  is  to  extend  from 
Amboy  to  Camden,  a  distance  of  61  miles.  The  part  of  this  rail-road  which 
extends  from  Amboy  to  Bordentown,  34  miles  in  length,  and  having  a  devia- 
tion of  only  i|  of  a  mile  in  the  whole  distance  from  a  right  line,  is  expected  to 
be  completed  in  1832.  The  other  part  of  the  rail-road,  from  Bordentown  to 
Camden,  a  distance  of  27  miles,  is  expected  to  be  finished  early  in  the  summer 
of  1833. 

The  Paterson  and  Hudson  River  Rail-road  is  to  extend  from  Paienson  to 
Jersey  City,  a  distance  of  14  miles.  The  stock  has  been  taken  up,  aru  the 
work  commenced.  A  charter  was  granted  in  1832  for  a  rail-road  Irom  the 
Hudson  river  through  Newark,  Elizaljethtown,  near  Rahway,  and  Woodbridge, 
to  New  Brunswick,  and  by  means  of  the  connecting  road  which  the  joint  com- 
panies are  compelled  to  ma'.e,  it  will  be  united  to  the  Camden  and  Amboy 
Rail-road. 

The  four  northern  counties,  Sussex,  Warren,  Morris,  and  Bergen,  are  moun- 
tainous. The  next  four,  Hunterdon,  Somerset,  Essex,  and  Middlesex,  are 
agreeably  diversified  with  hills  and  valleys.  South  Mountain,  a  great  ridge  of 
the  Alleghany  range,  crosses  the  state  in  lat.  41  N.,  and  the  Kittatinny  ridge 
crosses  a  little  to  the  north  of  South  Mountain.  The  greater  part  of  the  six 
southern  counties  is  composed  of  the  long  range  of  level  country  which  com- 
mences at  Sandy  Hook,  and  lines  the  coast  of  the  middle  and  southern  states. 


ia;!  I  ..:Hi,- 


^  \  M 


%4 


m 


\*"%v'\      |! 


« 


76  NEW  JERSEY. 

Much  of  this  range  is  imarly  harron,  producing  only  shrub  oaks  and  yellow 
pines  ;  but  the  rest  of  the  state  has  a  large  proportion  of  good  soil,  excellent  for 
grazing,  and  for  the  various  purposes  of  agriculture.  The  productions  are 
wheat,  rye,  maize,  buckwheat,  potatoes,  oats,  and  barley.  Great  numbers  of 
cattle  are  raised  in  the  mountainous  parts  for  the  markets  of  New  York  and 
Philadelphia-     Large  quantities  of  butter  and  cheese  are  also  made. 

The  exports  arc  flour,  wheat,  horses,  cattle,  hams,  cider,  linnber,  flax-seed, 
leather,  and  iron.  The  greater  part  of  the  produce  exported  from  this  state, 
passes  through  New  York  and  Philadelphia :  and  hence  the  amount  of  the  direct 
foreign  exports  in  1829  was  but  $8,000. 

Great  quantities  of  leather  are  manufactured  at  the  valuable  tanneries  of 
Trenton,  Newark,  and  Elizabcthtown.  Large  quantities  of  shoes  are  made  at 
Newark.  There  is  a  glass-house  in  Gloucester  county,  and  there  are  paper- 
mills  and  nail  manufactories  in  various  parts  of  the  state.  But  the  most  impor- 
tant manufacture  is  that  of  iron.  In  the  county  of  Morris,  there  are  7  rich 
iron  mines,  2  furnaces,  2  rolling  and  slitting  mills,  and  30  forges.  The  annual 
produce  of  these  works  is  about  .'540  tons  of  bar  iron,  800  tons  of  pig,  besides 
large  quantities  of  hollow  ware,  sheet  iron,  and  nail  rods.  There  are  also  iron 
works  in  the  counties  of  Burlington,  Gloucester,  Sussex,  &c.  The  annual 
produce  in  the  whole  state,  is  computed  at  about  1200  tons  of  bar  iron,  1200 
tons  of  pig,  and  80  tons  of  nails,  exclusive  of  small  articles. 

The  number  of  cotton  manufactories  is  51,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of 
2,027,644,  which  make  annually  5,133,776  yards  of  cloth. 

.There  are  in  New  Jersey  18  banks,  viz,  Belviderc  Bank,  Belvidere ;  Cum- 
berland Bank,  Bridgetown ;  Salem  Banking  Company,  Salem ;  State  Bank, 
Camden ;  Farmers'  Bank  of  New  Jersey,  IMount  Holly ;  Trenton  Banking 
Company,  Trenton ;  New  Brunswick  Bank,  New  Brunswick ;  State  Bank, 
New  Brunswick;  State  Bank,  I'ilizabeth;  State  Bank,  Newark;  Newark 
Banking  and  Insurance  Company,  Newark;  Commercial  Bank  of  New  Jersey, 
Perth  Amboy ;  Washington  Bank,  Hackinsack ;  People's  Bank,  Paterson ; 
State  Bank,  Morris ;  Sussex  Bank,  Newton;  Farmers' and  Mechanics' Bank, 
Rahway ;  Orange  Bank,  Orange ;  Morris  Canal  and  Banking  Company, 
Jersey  City. 

There  arc  colleges  and  theolooical  seminaries  at  Princeton  and 
Education.  ..,        „  •  i       '"  i  i       ■         r        •  i 

New  Brunswick,  and  academies  at  various  places. 

This  state  has  a  school  fund  which  amounted,  in  October,  1829,  to 
$245,404  47,  which  is  all  in  productive  stocks,  yielding  an  interest,  on  an 
average,  of  about  5  per  cot  ..  A  tax  of  half  of  one  per  cent,  on  the  amount 
cfthe  capital  stock  of  the  several  banks  subscribed  and  paid  in,  is  also  appro- 
priated to  this  fund;  and  the  whole  annual  income  is  about  $22,000.  By  a 
law  passed  in  1829,  .'i|>20,000  wen;  annually  appropriated  to  the  support  of 
common  schools  out  of  the  income  of  the  fund. 
The  number  of  periodical  presses  is  19. 

_  ,.  .  The  Presbyterians  have  85  churches,  88  ministers,  20  licentiates, 

denomiiia-  and  12,519  communicants;  the  Methodists,  10,730  members;  the 
tions.  Dutcii  Ro'brmed,  28  churches  and  28  ministers ;  the  Baptists,  34 
churches,  21  ministers,  and  2,324  communicants  ;  the  Episcopalians,  20  min- 
isters ;  the  Friends  are  considerably  numerous,  and  there  are  some  Congre- 
gationalists. 
_     ...  ..         The  constitution  of  New  Jersey  was  formed  in  1776 ;  and  no 

Constitution         .   .  ,.  .     ,  •  .  ,     "  ,  i       ,      •  i  i 

ond  fiovcrn- revision  ot  it  has  smce  taken  place,  except  that  the  legislature  has 
inent.     undertaken  to  explain  its  provisions  in  particular  parts.    The  govern- 
ment is  vested  in  a  governor,  legislative  council,  and  general  assembly ;  and 
these  bodies  united  are  styled  The  Legislature. 

The  members  of  the  legislative  council  and  of  the  general  assembly,  are 
elected  annually,  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  October. 


rd 
ci 


:s  and  yellow 
I,  excellent  for 
•eductions  are 
t  numbers  of 
icw  York  and 
de. 

bcr,  flax-seed, 
om  this  state, 
it  of  the  direct 

3  tanneries  of 
!s  are  made  at 
!re  are  paper- 
c  most  impor- 
ire  are  7  rich 
.  The  annual 
3f  pig,  besides 
3  are  also  iron 
The  annual 
lar  iron,  1200 

^ate  capital  of 

videre;  Cum- 
;  State  Bank, 
nton  Banking 
State  Bank, 
irk ;  Newark 
f  New  Jersey, 
ik,  Paterson ; 
hanics'  Bank, 
ig  Company, 

*rinceton  and 

er,    1829,  to 

terest,  on  an 

the  amount 

also  appro- 

,000.     By  a 

e  support  of 


0  licentiates, 
lembers ;  the 
Baptists,  34 
ans,  20  min- 
.)me  Congre- 

76 ;  and  no 
Tislature  has 
The  govern- 
jenibly ;  and 

ssembly,  are 


w 


I'ENiNSYLVANlA.  77 

The  number  of  members  of  the  legislative  council  is  14,  one  being  elected  by 
each  county  ii  the  state.  The  general  assembly  has  consisted,  for  a  number 
of  years  past,  of  43  members;  but  by  a  law  enacted  in  1829,  seven  additional 
members  were  added ;  and  it  will  hereafter  consist  of  50  members,  apportioned 
among  the  counties  as  follows : — Bergen  3,  Essex  5,  Morris  4,  Sussex  3,  War- 
ren 3,  Hunterdon  5,  Somerset  3,  Middlesex  4,  Monmouth  4,  Burlington  5, 
Gloucester  4,  Salem  3,  Cumlxjrland  3,  and  Cape  May  1. 

The  legislature  meets  annually  (at  Trenton),  on  the  4th  Tuesday  in  October. 

The  governor  is  chosen  annually  by  a  joint  vote  of  the  council  and  assembly, 
at  their  first  joint  meeting  after  each  annual  election.  The  governor  is  presi- 
dent of  the  council ;  and  the  council  also  elect  from  their  own  body,  at  their 
first  annual  meeting,  a  vice-president,  who  acts  in  the  place  of  the  governor  in 
his  absence.  The  <fovernor  and  council  form  a  court  of  appeals,  in  the  last 
resort  in  all  causes  of  law  ;  and  they  possess  the  power  of  granting  pardon  to 
criminals  after  condemnation. 

The  constitution  grants  the  right  of  suffrage  to  ''  all  persons  of  full  age  who 
are  worth  fifty  pounds  proclamation-money,  clear  estate  in  the  same,  and  have 
resided  within  the  county  in  which  they  claim  to  vote  for  twelve  months  imme- 
diately preceding  the  election."  The  legislature  has  declared,  by  law,  that 
every  white  male  inhabitant,  who  shall  be  over  the  age  of  21  years,  and  shall 
have  paid  a  tax,  shall  bo  considered  worth  fifty  pounds,  and  entitled  to  a  vote. 

7'he  judges  are  appointed  by  the  legislature,  those  of  the  supreme  court  for  a 
term  of  seven  years,  and  those  of  the  inferior  courts  for  five  years ;  both  are 
capable  of  being  reappointed. 

This  sf  Uo  sends  0  representatives  to  congress.    Governor's  salary,  $2,000. 

\oTE.— The  j.rnrtical  ni'ostiona  will  bo  omitted  in  \.\w  remaining  states  as  the  teacher  may  easily 
ask  questions,  .'liiiiiar  to  those  which  are  civen  on  the  other  states,  anil  any  others  that  he  may  think 
useful. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


.  !& 


ARMS  OF  PENiNSVLVANIA. 

Pexnsylvania  is  bounded  N.  by  Now  York  and  lako  Erie;  E.  by  New 

Jersey,  S.  E.  by  Delaware,  S.  by  Maryland  and  Virginia,  and  W.  by  part  of 

Virginia  and  Ohio.     It  extends  from  39°  42'  to  47°  17'  N.  lat.  and  from  3° 

31'  VV.  Ion.  to  2°  18'  E.  Ion.  from  Washington.     Its  greatest  length  from  east 


-ks^ 


■■^,if% 


78 


*«?|! 


iii 


ill 


Ml  111 


to  west  is  301 

miles,  or  29,440,000  acres. 


miles,  and  its 


PENNSYLVANIA. 
jverage  breadth,  IGO. 


Extent,  46,000  yquar« 


TAULK  OK  TIIK  COUNTIKS  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 


Eastern  District. 


Counties. 


Adiims 
Bcriis 

Bucks 


s 
se 

se 


Pop.  1H20.   I   Pop.  183(). 


Chester  se 

Cumberland  sm 

Delaware  se 

Dauphin  sem 

Franklin  s 

Lehigh        '  e 

Lancaster  se 

Lebanon  sem 

Montgomery  c 

Northampton  e 

Perry  m 

Philadelphia  se 
■Philadelphia  city 

Pike  V 

Schuylkill  em 

Wayne  we 

York  s 


19,370 
46,275 

37,842 

44,451 

23,600 

14,810 

21,653 

31,892 

18,895 

68,336 

16,988 

35,793 

31,765 

11,342 

73,295 

63,802 

2,994 
11,339 

4,127 
38,759 


21,379 
53,357 

45,740 

50,908 
29,218 
17,361 
25,303 
35,103 
22,266 
76,558 
20,54') 
30,404 
39,267 
14,257 

108,503 

80,458 

4,843 

20,783 

7,663 

I  42,6u8 


County  Towns. 


Gettysburg 
Reading 

^  Doylestown 

I  Bristol 
West  Chester 
Carlisle 
Chester 

HARRIsnURG 

Chambersburg 

A'iontown 

Lancaster 

Lebanim 

Norristown 

Eastoii 

New  Blcomfield 


Fop. 


Uifltance  Tr. 
HarriBburg. 


A-llcghany  w 

*Pittsburg  city 

Armstrong  w 

Beaver  ,     w 

Bedford    ■  -  :      s 

Bradford  n 

Butler  w 

Cambria  in 

Centre  m 

Clearfield  m 

Columbia  em 

Crawford  nw 

Erie  nw 

Fayetti"?  sw 

Greene  stc 

Huntingdon  m 

Indiana  wm 

Jefierson  wm 

Luzerne  em 

Lycoming  m 

McKean  « 

iVTercer  w 

Mifflin  m 

Northumberland  m 

Potter  n 


27,673 

7,248 

10,324 

15,340 

20,248 

11,554 

10,193 

2,287 

13,797 

2,342 

17,621 

9,397 

8,553 

27,265 

15,054 

20,144 

8,882 

561 

20,027 

13,517 

728 

11,081 

16,618 

15,424 

18  5 


>  Pittsburg 


Philadelphia 

Milford 
Orwigsburg 
Bethany 
York 

Western  District. 
37,964  I 
12,542 

17,625   Kittaning 
24,206   Beaver 
24,536   Bedford 
19,669  iTowanda 
14,683  jButler 

7,079   Ebensburg 
18,765    Bcllcfonte 

4,803  jClearfield 
20,049   Danville 


1,473 
5,859 
1,262 

1,258 
2,523 
848 
4,311 
2,794 


7,704 
1,82« 
1,08) 
3,5'j9 

80,458 


773 

327 

4,216 

12,542 


16,005 
16,906 
29,237 
18,028 
27,159 
14,251 

2,225 
27,304 
17,637 

1,439 
19,731 
21,529 
18,108 


Meadville 

Erie 

Uniontown 

Waynesburg 

Huntingdon 

Indiana 

Brookville 

Wilkesbarre 

Williamsport 

Smithport 

Mercer 

Lcwistown 

Sunbury 


1,265  iCowdersport 


34 
52 
107 
122 
75 
IS 
95 

48 
85 
35 
24 
88 
101 
36 

98 

157 
59 

162 
24 


201 


1,620 
91*4 

183 

229 

870 

1-05 

128 

580 

203 

270 

131 

699 

85 

129 

65 

1,070 
1,329 
1,341 

236 
272 
184 
222 

90 

433 

157 

165 

2,233 

114 

87 

200 

656 

235 

1,479 
1,057 

55 

52 

174 

*  PliMadi'lphia  and  fittsburg  oxclusivc  of  the  suburbs. 


i 


■m^^^rm^ 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


7d 


)00  yquurti 


34 
52 
107 
122 
75 
iS 
95 

48 
85 
35 
24 
88 
101 
36 

98 

157 
59 

162 
24 


201 


'I 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOW^H.— Continued. 


Western  District. 

Countiei. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  1830.        County  Towns. 

Pop. 

Distance  fr. 
Ilarrisbiiri;. 

Somerset             s 

13,974 

17,441  {Somerset 

649 

143 

Susquehannah  nc 

9,660 

16,777|Montrose 

415 

163 

Tioga       .          n 

4,021 

9,062,  VVellsborough 

147 

Union                m 

18,619 

20,749JNew  Berlin 

60 

Venango            w 

1,976 

4,706  Warren 

240 

Warren            mv 

40,038 

42,860  Washington 

1,816 

212 

Washington      sw 

4,915 

9,128  Frankhn 

409 

212 

Westinorel^d  sw 

51  Total  of  Penn. 

30,540 

38,400  Grecnaburg     . 
1,347,672 

810 

170 

1,049,313 

Population  at  Different  Periods. 

Population.  Increase  from 


Slaves. 


n  1701, 

20,000 

1763, 

280,000 

1701  to  1763, 

260,000 

1790. 

434,373 

1763 

1790, 

154,373 

3,737 

1800, 

602,545 

1790 

1800, 

168,172 

1,706 

1810, 

810,091 

1800 

1810, 

207,546 

795 

1820, 

1,049,313 

1810 

1820, 

239,222 

211 

1830, 

1,347,672 

1820 

1830, 

298,659 

386 

HKI 


Canalfi. 


There  are  three  incorporated  cities  in  this  state,  Phil- 
adelphia, Pittsburg,  and  Lancaster.  The  other  most 
noted  towns  are  Reading,  Easton,  Bethlehem,  Carlisle, 
York,  Germantown,  Chambersburg,  Columbia,  Sun- 
bury,  Brownsville,  Washington,  &c. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Delaware,  Schuylkill,  n 
Lehigh,  Susquehanna,  Juniata, Alleghany,  Monongahela,  g 
and  Ohio.  3 

The  Union  Canal  extends  from  Reading  on 
the  river  Schuylkill,  where  it  intersects  the 
Schuylkill  Canal,  to  Middletown  on  the  Susquehannah 
river,  a  distance  of  80  miles. 

The  Schuylkill  Canal  extends  from  Philadelphia  to 
the  coal  mines  at  Port  Carbon,  a  distance  of  114  miles. 

The  Lehigh  Canal  extends  along  that  rivev  from 
Easton  to  Mauch  Chunk,  a  distance  of  47  miles.  A 
rail  road  9  miles  in  length,  extends  from  Mauch  Chunk 
to  the  coal  mines. 

The  Lackawaxen  Canal  extends  from  the  Delaware 
river  at  the  mouth  of  Lackawaxen  creek,  up  it  to  near 
Bethany,  24  miles;  it  there  unites  with  a  rail-road  9 
miles  in  length,  which  extends  to  the  coal  mines  at  the 
Lackawannock  mountains. 

The  Conestoga  Canal  connects  the  city  of  Lancaster 
with  the  Susquehanna  river,  length  18  miles. 

The  Susquehanna  Cunal  extends  along  the  west  side  of 
mouth  of  the  Juniata  river  to  near  the  junction  of  the  north 
a  distance  of  39  miles.     The  canal  is  then  exteuded  along 
the  '^tate  of  New  Yo  k,  a  distance  of  165  miles,  and  along 
Dunnstown,  a  distance  of  70  miles. 


gTV,.|  § 


I  SusquchaMia  R. 
iMiddlttovn 


Palmyra 

Tunnel 
\  Lebanon 

'  Myerstovin 
fVomehdorf 

Bemville 


Reading 

•ml 


SchuylH 


I  pnTTsvir.i.E 
Tunnel 


Bamburg 


ml 


I  Reading 


I  Pottstovn 

I  FhenixvilU 

I  Xorristown 

Manayunk 
Fairviount 

PniLAOSLFBU. 


\ 

Ij 


11 


if 

I 


that  river  from  the 

and  west  branches, 

the  north  branch  to 

the  west  branch  to 


*  i; 


■iJiSif^ 


80 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


•"I  I 


'    H' 


Seneca  Creek 
Great  Falls 


Oeorgttown 

Washinotoh 

Potomac  River 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


81 


The  Pennsylvania  canal  extends  from  ('olnmbia  on  the  Susquehanna  to  the 
Juniata  river,  and  thence  to  Pittsburg,  a  distance  of  iy22  miles. 

The  Pittsburg  and  Erie  Canal  is  intended  to  unite  the  Ohio  river  at  Pitts, 
burg,  with  lake  Erie  at  the  town  of  Erie.  Length  168  miles,  of  which  about 
20  miles  are  now  finished. 

The  Delaware  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Canal  extends  from  Easton,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Lehigh  river,  to  Bristol  on  the  Delaware,  a  distance  of  fiO 

miles. 

The  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal  will  extend  through  the  south-east  part  of 

Pennsylvania,  from  the  state  line  at  Wills' rreek  to  Pittsburg,  a  distance  of  ir>l 

miles. 

According  to  the  "  Pennsylvania  State  Register,"  f«n-  1«.*M,  "  The  whole  (-.n- 

tent  of  the  state  canals  is  428i  miles,  of  which  406  miles  are  completed.     H(% 

sides  this  extent  of  canal  navigation,  there  arc  802  miles  belonging  to  private 

companies,  making  an  aggregate,  in  the  state,  of  728  miles. — The  public 

property  of  the  commonwealth  is  as  follows : 

Expended  on  the  state  canals $10,544,243  16 

Bank  stock  owned  by  the  state 2,108,700  00 

Turnpike  stock        do 1,911,243  39 

Canal  stock  do 200,000  00 


Bridge  stock 


do 410,000  00 


State  debt,  January  1,  1831, 


Total  815,174,186  55 
$12,512,520,48." 


VIEW  OF  THE  COLUMDIA  UAILUOAD. 


Rail-Roads. 


The  Columbia  Rail-Road 
extends  from  Philadelphia 
to  Columbia,  on  the  Susquehanna 
river,  and  is  83  miles  in  length.  It 
crosses  the  river  Schuylkill  on  a 
substantial  bridge  of  three  arches, 
about  two  miles  above  the  city  of 
Philadelphia. 

The  Philadelphia,  Germantown,  and  Norristown  Rail-Road  extends  from  the 
city  of  Philadelphia,  in  a  north-western  direction,  to  Norristown,  upon  the  river 
Schuylkill,  a  distance  of  about  18  miles. 

Pennsylvania  is  intersected  by  various  mountains.  The  principal  ridges  of 
the  Alleghany  mountains,  comprehended  in  Pennsylvania,  arc  the  Kittatinny, 
or  the  Blue  mountains.  Behind  these  and  nearly  parallel  to  them,  are  i'eters, 
Tuscarora,  and  Nescopeck  mountains,  on  the  cast  side  of  the  Susquehanna ; 
on  the  west,  Shoreman's  hill.  Sideling  hill.  Ragged,  Great,  Warrior's,  Evit's, 
and  Wills'  mountains ;  then  the  great  Alleghany  ridge,  which  being  the 
largest,  gives  name  to  the  whole ;  and  west  of  this  are  tlie  Chestnut  ridges. 
Between  the  Juniata  and  the  west  branch  of  the  Susquehanna,  are  Jacks, 
Tussys,  Nittiny,  and  Bald  Eagle  mountains.  The  valleys  between  these  moun- 
tains are  often  of  a  rich,  black  soil,  suited  to  the  various  kinds  of  grass  and 
grain.  Some  of  the  mountains  admit  of  cultivation  almost  to  their  summits. 
The  other  parts  of  the  state  are  generally  level,  or  agreeably  diversified  with 
hills  and  valleys. 

The  soil  of  Pennsylvania  is  various ;  a  small  part  of  it  is  barren,  but  a 
great  proportion  of  it  fertile  and  a  considerable  part  very  'ixcellent.  It  is  gene- 
rally better  adapted  to  tillage  than  grazing ;  and  much  of  it,  particularly  the 
south-east  part,  is  under  excellent  cultivation.  The  two  best  tracts  of  land  J.re, 
one  in  the  south-east  part,  along  the  Susquehanna,  the  othf!r  in  the  north-Avest 
part,  between  lake  Erie  and  Alleghany  river.     Wheat  is  the  most  important 


m. 


82 


'1'       '■'rtl. 


!'■:   Hi 


vm 


■hm  .  '^' 


PKNNSVrVANlA. 

riiu  next  ill  valiic  is  Inili-.n  corn.    lUickwhcut,  rye,  l)arit;y, 


^f\.« 


article  of  produce 

oafs,  flnx,  iK'iiip,  Im'iiiis,  |»(';is,iin(l  iiutaiocs  are  (txtciisivcly  cuUiviitrd.  Clit-rrit's, 
peaches,  apples,  and  cider,  are  aliiindaiit.  'I'lien;  are  large  dairies  in  many 
parts.     Pennsylvania  lias  an  excellent  breed  of  horses. 

Iron  ore  is  distriltiited  in  iarj^e  (|MaiilitieH  in  many  parts  of  the  state;  and  in 
some  places  copper,  lead,  and  alum  are  found.  H(M"e  are  also  nunM;rous  lime- 
stone  quarries,  and  various  kinds  of  marble;  and  in  the  niiddh  and  western 
parts  tliero  is  an  abundiinei!  of  coal. 

The  general  style  of  arehitectiue  in  ')>is  state  is  neat  and  solid.  Ston(! 
buildings  are  most  common  in  old  settleme-  t-i ;  brick  houses  anj  frequent;  log 
and  frame  houses  abound  in  Iho  new  ct  ujtry.  In  the  towns  there  is  a  con- 
siderable proportion  of  brick  houses.  Many  turnpike  roads  of  the  most  du- 
rable materials,  and  Ixist  construction,  are  made  in  various  parts  of  the  state. 
That  from  Philadelphia  to  Lancaster  is  (Hi  miles  in  length,  24  feet  widt;,  and 
covered  18  inches  d(!ep  with  powdered  stone.  Numerous  bridges,  of  great 
strength  and  beauty,  are  constructed  over  the  rivers. 

Pennsylvania  exceeds  all  the  other  states  in  the  variety  and  extent  of  her 
manufactures,  some  of  which  are  of  superior  excellence.  In  18.'}*J  tlwn'c  were 
67  cotton  manufactories  in  the  state,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  8'},75H,r)00, 
and  making  annually  i31,8.'12,4r)7  yards  of  cloth.  In  the  article  of  iron  marm- 
factin-es  Pennsylvania  lar  excels  any  oth(>r  state  in  the  Union.  The  total 
value  of  manufactures,  including  about  250  diderent  articles,  is  estimated  ai 
$70,000,000. 

In  1831  there  were  33  banks  in  this  state,  11  of  which  were  in  the  city  ol' 
Philadelphia.     The  bank  capital  is  ill 0,31 0,333. 

The  principal  literary  seminaries  in  tliis  state  are  the  University 
'  of  Pennsylvania  with  its  Medical  School,  at  Philadelphia;  Dickinson 
College,  at  Carlisle;  Jeiferson  College,  at  Canonsburg;  Washington  College, 
at  Washington;  Western  University,  at  Pittsburg;  Alleghany  College,  at 
Mcadvillc;  Madison  College,  at  Union  Town;  Mount  Airy  College,  at  Gcr- 
mnntown ;  the  Theological  Seminaries,  at  Gettysburg,  York,  and  Alleghany 
Town ;  and  the  Moravian  schools,  at  Bethlehem,  Nazareth,  and  Litiz. 

The  Constitution  declares  that  "  the  legislature  shall,  as  soon  as  convenient- 
ly may  be,  provide  by  law  for  the  establishment  of  schools  in  such  manner 
that  the  poor  may  be  taught  gratis."  Under  this  injunction  means  have  been 
provided  in  nearly  all  the  counties  of  the  state,  for  the  instruction  of  tho 
children  of  indigent  parents.  They  arc  sent  to  tho  most  convenient  schools 
of  the  neighborhoods  in  which  they  respectively  resiile,  and  the  expense  \h 
paid  by  the  county  commissioners.  In  the;  city  and  county  of  Philadelphia, 
which  constitutes  the  First  School  District  of  Pennsvlvania,  the  Laneasterian 
system  has  been  introduced  for  the  education  of  the;  children  descrilKul  in  the 
Constitution.  In  the  Twelfth  Annual  Report  of  the  Comptrollers  of  tin; 
Public  Schofils  of  this  district,  dated  Feb.  23,  1830,  it  is  sta^d,  that  "during 
twelve  years,  .34,703  children  had  received  the  l)enefiti^  of  tuition  under  tlio 
wise  and  beneficent  provisions  of  the  existmg  act  of  the  General  Assembly." 
These  schools  are  superintended  by  gentlemen  who  serve  without  compensa- 
tion.    The  teachers  are  well  qualified  for  their  duties,  and  are  liberally  paid. 

The  number  of  periodical  presses  in  1831,  was  150. 
ReiiBinusde      '^^^  Prcsbyteriaus  have  429  churches,  209  ministers,  39  liccn- 

noinina-    tiates,  aiul  38,873  communicants;   the  Methodists,  140  preachers, 

'°  *'  "  '  and  40,390  members ;  tho  Baptists,  144  churches,  90  ministers,  and 
7,561  communicants ;  the  German  Reformed  Church,  282  churches,  and  7U 
ministers ;  the  Episcopalians,  60  ministers ;  tho  Associate  Presbyterians,  39 
congregations,  18  ministers,  and  4,180  communicants;  the  Evangelical  Lu- 
therans, 2  synods :  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church,  6  churches  and  6  ministers ; 
fli.  Friends  are  numerous;  the  United  Brethren  have  about  15  congregations; 


,  rye,  l)arl(;y, 

(hI.    CIlUlTH'S, 

ruts  in  muiiy 

Hlrit(! ;  and  in 
uncjrous  linic 
)  nnd  western 

solid.  Stont! 
frequent;  log 
ti(  le  is  a  cun- 
the  most  dii- 
s  of  the  state, 
feet  wide,  and 
Iges,  of  great 

extent  of  her 
;J2  tliere  were 
if  $'.i,iriH,rM), 
of  iron  maiiu- 
m.  The  total 
8  estimated  at 

!  ill  the  city  of 

the  University 
lia;  Dickinson 
ngton  College, 
ly  College,  at 
e,  at  Ger- 
md  Alleghany 

itiz. 
as  convenient- 
such  manner 
ans  have  been 
Liction  of  the 
nient  scliof)!^ 
le  (expense  is 
I'liiladelphin, 
Lancasterifin 
scribed  in  the 
oilers  of  tlie 
that  "  diirinj? 
ion  under  tlm 
il  Assembly." 
ut  compensa- 
iberally  paid. 

■ers,  39  licen- 
40  preachers, 
ministers,  and 
rchcs,  and  TJJ 
bytcrians,  39 
angelical  Lu- 
1  6  ministers  ; 
ngregations ; 


PENNSYLVANIA.  83 

thn  Fnitariuns,  .'i  eon<;regntions  and  M  iiiiiiisters ;  and  tlit-ro  is  a  considerubU 
niuMlxr  <>t"  Koinan  Catholics,  some  lliiivcrsalists,  .lews,  Aic. 

rrmis\lvaiiia  was  .granted  by  Charles  II.  by  a  <-hart.-r  signed  on  ^^^^^^^ 
the  4111  of  Mureb,  KHI,  to  tlu'  illustrious  William  l'<  nu,  who  was 
<..iistiiut.d  llic  propriilarv  of  the  proviiKT.  in  Ki^'J,  WilliMiu  I'mn,  together 
uilli  ;tl)out  two  tbousiind  'settlers,  most  of  whoni,  like  hinvself,  In-loiiged  to  the 
society  of  I'Vietids  or  (iuakers,  arrived  in  the  eounfry  ;  and  in  the  iMlowitig 
ye;ir  iie  laid  out  the  plan  of  tlu'  city  of  I'liiladelpbia.  lie  established  ii  friendly 
inten-oiirse  with  the  Indians,  whicdi  was  not  interrupted  for  more  than  seventy 
years. 

I'rnui  the  l)eginning  of  the  IHth  cenftiry  till  the  commencement  of  tho 
Ariiencm  Uevolution,  the  government  was  gtiuerally  ailininistered  by  dt'puties 
appointed  by  the  proprietaries,  who  mostly  resided  in  England. 

The  first  Constitution  of  Pemisylvania  was  adopted  in  1770;  the  p„„„j,„.  " 
j)resent  ('oiistitution  in  17U(I.  ii(.iniiiii«o- 

The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  (4(!neral  Assembly,  consisting  *•-'"'""""' 
of  a  Semite  and  House  of  Representatives. 

The  representatives  are  elerfed  aninially  on  the  seeond  Tuesday  in  October, 
liy  th(>  citi/eus  of  Philadelp'  nd  of  the  sevc^ral  counties,  apportioned  accord- 
ijig  to  the  number  of  taxabi  liiabitants.  The  numb.-r  cannot  Ix?  less  than  60, 
nor  more  tlian  100. 

The  senators  are  chosen  (l)rfour  years,  one  fourth  being  elected  annually, 
at  th(!  time  of  the  election  of  the  repres<'ntatives.  Their  number  cannot  bfj 
yreMtiT  than  one  third,  nor  less  than  one  fourth  of  the  nianlM'r  of  the  represent- 
atives. 

fin  ls',>0,  it  was  enacted  by  tho  General  Assembly,  "that  until  the  next 
('numeration  of  taxable;  inhabitants,  and  an  ap|)ortionment  th<Teon,  the  s(Miatc, 
at  a  ratio  of  7,700  [taxable  inhabitants],  shall  consist  of  '.i'.i  members;"  and 
"tlie  house  of  representatives,  at  a  ratio  of  2,554,  shall  consist  of  100  mem- 
bers."— The  following  statement  shows  the  representative  number,  and  tho 
numljer  of  members  of  the  legislature,  at  dillerent  |)eriods. 

Ratio.        Senators.  Ratio.  Rep». 

nOUto  lHt)0  24 78 

1800  "  1H07  4,070  25 1,«50         86 

1807  "  1814  4,500  31 . 1,500         95 

1814  "  1821   5,250  31 1,750         97 

1821  "  1828  0,300  33 2,100  100 

1828  "  1835  7,700  33 2,544  100.] 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  by  the  peoplo 
on  the  second  Tuesday  in  October,  and  who  holds  his  ofRce  during  three  years, 
from  th(;  third  Tuesday  in  December  next  folhwing  his  election;  and  he  can- 
not hold  the  office  more  than  9  years  in  any  term  of  12  years. 

The  General  Assembly  mee-ts  annually  (at  Ilarrrisburg),  on  the  first  Tues- 
day in  December,  unless  sooner  convened  by  the  govfM'nor. 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  Suprenie  (Jourt,  in  courts  of  oyer  and 
terminer  and  jail-delivery,  in  courts  of  common  ])leas,  an  orphan's  court,  a 
register's  court,  a  court  of  quarter  sessions  of  the  peace  for  each  county,  and 
in  such  other  courts  as  the  legislature  may,  from  time  to  time,  establish.  The 
judges  of4he  Supreme  Court  and  the  several  courts  of  common  pleas,  are  ap- 
pointed by  the  governor,  and  hold  their  oflices  during  good  behavior. 

The  right  of  suffrage  is  possessed  by  every  freeman  of  the  age  of  21 
years,  who  has  resided  in  the  state  two  years  next  preceding  an  election,  and 
within  that  time  paid  a  state  or  county  tax,  assessed  at  least  six  months  before 
the  election. 

This  state  sends  28  representatives  to  congress.   Governor'f  salary,  $4,000. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
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"^\«L-jri2r;>(^^i    /  ,^^.^3=7— 

^^^"i 

ARMS  OF  DELAWARE. 
Delawarr  is  bounded  N.  by  Pennsylvania ;  E.  by  Delaware  river,  Dela- 
ware bay,  and  the  Atlantic ;  S.  and  W.  by  Maryland.  It  extends  from  lat.  38° 
30'  to  39°  45'  N.  and  from  Ion.  1°  13'  to  1''  57'  E.  from  Washington.  It  is  87 
miles  long  from  N.  to  S.  and  from  10  to  36  broad,  containing  2,120  square 
miles. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Pop.  Ic20. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towna. 

Disianct! 
from 
Dover. 

Kent                m 

New  Castle      n 

Sussex              s 
3          Total 

20,793 
27,899 
24,057 

19,911 
29,710 
27,118 

Dover 
i  New  Castle 
(  Wilmington 

Georgetown 

of  whom  3,305  are  slaves 

42 
47 
40 

72,074 

7(5,739 

Population  of  Wilmington,  the  largest  town,   in  1820,  5,268;  in  1830, 
6,628. 

Population  at  different  periods.  a 


Topulation. 

In  1790,  59,094 

1800,  64,273 

•  1810,  72,674 

1820,  72,749 

1830,  76,739 


Increase  from  1790  to  1800,  5,179 

1800      1810,  8,401 

1810      1820,  75 

1820       1830,  3,990 


Slavei. 

8,887 
6,153 
4,177 
4,509 
3,305 


The  principal  rivers  besides  the  Delaware  which  forms  a  part  of  Ihe  bound- 
ary, are  Brandywine  Creek,  Christiana  Creek,  Duck  Creek,  Mispillion  Creek, 
Indian  river,  Choptank,  and  Nanticoke. 

The  general  aspect  of  this  state  is  that  of  an  extended  plain,  favorable  for 
cultivation.  Some  of  the  upper  parts  of  the  county  of  New  Castle,  indeed, 
are  irregular  and  broken.  The  heights  of  Christiana  are  lofty  and  command- 
ing, and  the  hills  of  Brandywine  arc  rough  and  stony ;  but  in  the  lower  coun- 


s. 

Distance 
from 
Dover. 

42 

47 

40 

ires 

),268;  in  1830, 


delawakl:.  W 

<rv,  thrro  is  very  little  diversity  of  level.  'I'lie  liijrhest  ri.l<.o.  \)Otmvn  Delaware 
arid  Chesapeake  bays,  i.assrs  through  this  stati-.  On  the  suinntit  of  the  ridgo 
th.i(!  is  Ji  chain  of  swuinps,  from  which  ?•  muid)er  of  waters  descend  on  tho 
west  toCh.-saixak.!  bay,  and  on  the  east  to  the  river  Delaware.  Alon<j  tho 
Driaware  river,  and  about  nine  miles  into  the  interior,  the  sod -is  generally  a 
rich  clay,  which  prodiKvs  hwj^r.  limber,  and  is  w<-ll  adapted  to  the  jnirposes  of 
aaricultiirc;  but  Ix'tween  this  tract  and  the  swamps  the  s..il  is  light,  sandy,  and 
of  an  inli;rior  quality.  In  th(;  county  of  New  Castle  the  soil  is  a  strong  clay ; 
in  Kent  it  is  mixed  with  sand,  and  in  Sussex  the  sand  greatly  predominates. 

'Jlie  i)rinci|.l(;  articles  of  produce  are  whc^at,  Indian  corn,  rye,  barley,  oats, 
biickwheut,  and  potatoes.  The  county  of  Sussex  contains  some  excellent 
grazing  lands,  and  it  exports  great  quantities  of  timber,  obtained  from  Cyprus 
.Swamp  (jr  Indian  riv('r,  which  extends  about  six  miles  from  east  to  west,  and 
nearly  twelve  from  north  to  south.  The  staple  conmiodity  is  wheat,  which  is 
produced  of  a  su|K;rior  (juality,  and  is  highly  esteemed  fijr  its  uncommon  soft- 
H'-ss  an<l  whiteness,  and  is  preferred  in  Ibreign  markets.  Large  establishnicnts 
have  IxMii  erected  for  manufacturing  wheat  into  flour.  Of  tliese  the  Brandy- 
wine  mills,  in  the.  vicinity  of  Wilmington,  are  the  most  important.  These  are 
one  of  the  finest  collection  of  mills  in  the  United  States,  and  are  celebrated 
both  for  the  excellence  and  the  quantity  of  flour  which  they  manufuctun!. 

In  18;}2  there  were  ten  cotton  manufactories,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of 
.^384,500,  and  making  annually  5,20.3,740  yards  of  cloth.  The  other  manu- 
faclur(!s  of  note  are  woollens,  paper,  and  powder. 

Delaware  contains  very  few  minerals.  In  the  county  of  Sussex  and  among 
the  branches  of  the  Nanticoke,  are  \ntyp  quantities  of  bog  iron  ore,  well  adapt- 
ed for  casting ;  but  it  is  not  wrought  to  any  extent. 


11 


.2 


t: 

J 


:mm.4i 


ei 


6 
i 


a 


-uimuiiiiiimiiram- 
11  li 


nii,,nit,|,,.vc-L,,L^».-l  |i"  |V 

■=:---^lIinillinilllTliiiBllll  -    ^ 

10  ^.-,11.'    ;)       >.l        L.   Mii,' 


S 


PROFILE  VIKVV  OF  TUB  CHESArEAKE  AND  DELAWARE  CANAL. 

This  canal,  which  lies  partly  in  Maryland,  but  chiefly  in  Delaware,  chcMpeaka 
U^  miles  long,  66  wide  at  the  surface  of  the  water,  and  10  feet  deep,  andOcia- 
opens  a  highly  advantageous  communication  between  Philadelphia 
and  Baltimore,  and  other  places,  by  sloops  and  steamboats.  During  the  year 
beginning  June  1,  1830,  and  ending  June  1,  1831,  there  were  employed 
between  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore,  Alexandria,  Richmond,  Petersburg,  and 
Norfolk,  in  the  transportation  of  passengers  and  merchandise,  by  way  of  this 
canal,  2  lines  of  steamboats  and  7  lines  of  packets. 

There  were  made,  during  that  time,  according  to  the  official  report,  the  fol- 
lowing number  of  passages  through  this  canal : — 1230  packets,  with  merchan- 
dise; 600  vessels,  with  wood,  carrying  13,332  cords;  272  vessels,  rafts,  and 
arks,  wi^  lumber,  carrying  7,118,734  feet;  294  vessels,  with  flour,  carrying 
101,46Sn)arrels ;  246  vessels,  with  wheat,  corn,  &c.  carrying  289,173  bushels ; 
2638  vessels  with  cotton,  iron,  oy.sters,  fish,  whiskey,  and  various  other  arti- 
cles, making  a  total  of  5,280  passages  of  vessels,  of  different  descriptions, 
through  the  canal  during  the  year.  The  tolls  received  during  the  same  year 
amr>'  nted  to  862,223  15. 

There  is  a  rail-road  extending  from  Newcastle  on  the  Delaware  to  French- 


V  k  k 


^ii 


Ritiicntidn. 


History. 


H«  I)i:i,AWAIlK. 

town,  n  (listiinoc  ul'  1(>  miles,  on  wliich  tlic  pnssrnjrors  Ix'twccn  Pliiladelphia 
mid  Ibltimorc  an"  now  Iniiisportcd.     'Vhrro  is  yet  Imf  one  track  complctpd. 

TIk'  niiinlMr  (iriianks  in  1^:^  was  h,  riz.  Mat  \Vihiiin<jt(in,  1  at  Newcastle, 
1  nt  C'leorifetown,  1  at  Dover,  1  at  Sniyrna,  and  1  at  Milti.rd. 

'Phis  state  has  a  school  fund,  anionntinif  to  .Sn<»,(UM>,  th(!  interest 
f>t' which,  toircthcr  with  a  snirdi  tax  levied  on  each  school  district  of 
four  miles  sipiare,  at  the  will  o|"  ihr  nwijority  of  tin-  taxable  iidiahitants,  is 
iippro|)riated  to  the  support  of  coniinon  schools.  No  district  is  entitled  to  any 
share  of  the  school  liiiid,  that  will  not  raise,  hy  taxation,  a  snm  equal  to  its 
share  of  the  inconuj  of  the  Ihnd.  15iil  li-w  of  the  districts  have  yet  gone  into 
j)peration  under  the  school  law. 

The  nnmher  of  |)eriodical  presses  is  (5,  two  of  which  are  semi-weekly. 
RnliKoiiH tit;       I'lG  ^h■thodists  in  this  state;  have  1')  preachers,  and  rJ,M()4  mem- 
iKiniiiia     lK>rs;  the  Preshyterians,  H  churches,  !»  ministers,  and   i:UH)  commu- 
nicants;  the  Haptists,  !>  churches,  U  minist«"rs,  anil  WO  communi- 
cants; the  l*i|)iscopalians  have  (!  chiu'c-hes  and  (!  ministers. 

The  first  i'',uropean  settlement  in  this  state  was  formed  hy  Swedes 
und  Finns,  in  W-ll ;  in  Hior),  the  colony  was  taken  from  the  Swedes 
by  the  Dutch,  under  i^'overnor  Stuyvesant ;  and  after  the  con»|uest  of  New 
York  l)y  the  English,  in  l(»(i  I,  it  was  placed  inuler  the  jurisdiction  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  New  York. 

In  16H'-i,  the  country  was  {.'ranted  to  William  Penn,  and  it  was  placed  imdcr 
the  same;  executive  and  leirislative  iiovermnent  with  Pennsylvania.  It  was  then, 
as  it  is  now,  divided  into  three  counties,  Newcastle,  Kent,  and  Sussex,  gene- 
rally styled,  till  the  American  revolution,  "  Tin;  Three  Lower  Counties  uj>on 
the  Delaware." 

In  1701,  the  representatives  of  I)(.'laware  withdrew  from  those  of  Pennsyl- 
vania; the  first  separate  leifislative  assembly  met  at  Newcastle,  in  1704. 
Ouiiinosof      '^'he  legislativ*'  power  is  vested  in  a  {;;eneral  assembly,  consisting 
thRcoiiHti-  of  a  senate  and  house  of  representatives  for  two  years.  The  a'present- 
aiiinn(i.'(i   atives  are  electtjd,  7  from  each  county,  the  whole  nundx^r  being  21. 
Dec.  i«3i.  'pij^.  senators  are  elected  for  4  years,  3  fn^m  each  county,  the  whole 
number  being  9. 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  by  the  people 
for  4  years  ;  and  he  is  not  eligible  a  second  tim(!  to  said  office. 

The  general  assembly  meets  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  January,  biennially. 
The  first  meeting  under  the  amenrled  constitution  is  to  be  in  1833. 

The  constitution  grants  the  right  of  sutfrage  to  every  free  white  nnale  citizen 
of  the  age  of  twenty-two  years  or  upwards,  having  resided  in  the  state  one 
year  next  before  the  eUiction,  and  the  last  month  thercfof  in  the  county  where 
lie  offers  to  vote,  and  having  within  two  years  next  l)eforc  the  election,  paid  a 
county  tax,  which  shall  have  been  assessed  at  least  six  months  liefore  the  elec- 
tion ;  and  every  free  white  male  citizen  of  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  and 
under  the  age  of  twenty-two  years,  having  resided  as  aforesaid,  shall  be  enti- 
tled to  vote  without  payment  of  any  tax. 

The  judicial  power  of  this  stat(^  is  v(\sted  in  a  court  of  errors  and  appeals,  a 
superior  court,  a  court  of  chancery,  an  orphan's  court,  a  court  of  oyer  and 
terminer,  a  court  of  general  sessions  of  the  peace  and  jail  delivery,  a  register's 
court,  justices  of  the  [leace,  and  such  other  courts  as  the  general  assembly  may 
direct. 

The  governor's  annual  salary  is  $1,333  33  J.  This  state  sends  one  repre- 
sentative  to  congress. 


If 


■■*5l 


MARVLAM). 

MAKVLAM). 


8? 


ct  gone  into 


-',M()4  mom- 
(H»  comrtiu- 
)  coimnuni- 


MAKyi.AM»  is  hoiindfil  N.  hy  I'riiiis\iv;iiiia ;  K.  by  Dclasvnrc!  and  the  At- 
lantic; S.  and  W.  by  Virginia/  It  lirs  helw.  en  lon<r.  2'^  'M'  \V.  and  1°  5H  E. 
and  between  hit.  JlH  and  :{!)  44'  N.  It  ctrntains  lM,i)5!)  .square!  miles,  or 
H,J)I);j,7()()  acres,  (if  wliieli  nne-lii'tli  is  water.  Chesapeake  bay  runs  throufrh 
the  state  I'roni  N.  tf)  S.  dividini;  it  intt»  two  parts.  The  part  east  of  the  bay  is 
called  the  eastern  shore,  antl  tlu;  part  west  ol'the  iiay,  the  western  shore.  The 
state  is  divided  into  19  counties,  11  oi'  which  are  on  the  western  shore,  and  8 
on  the  eastiM'n. 


TAHIJO  OF  TIIK  COl'NTIKS  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Wcfttd'n  Shore. 

CouiUii'H. 

Pop  lrt,M. 

I'op.  Kid, 

Chief  'I'owns. 

DiMi.  from 

AllllII|K>liR. 

Alleghany 

nw 

H,(;r»i 

10,002 

Ciiiuberland 

105 

Ann(!  Arundel 

m 

27,10.5 

2'<,295 

A\.\  Aj'oias 

Haltimore 

n 

:3i?,(i(i;{ 

40,251 

>  Baltimore 

SU 

Haltiniore,  city 

()'J,7:w 

sO/525 

Calv(.'rt 

s 

8,07:5 

H,M99 

l*rinc(>  Fredericktown 

03 

Charles 

s 

1(5,500 

17,000 

Port  ToIku^co 

09 

Frederick 

n 

40,459 

45,793 

Frederick 

70 

llartforil 

nc 

15,924 

10,:U5 

Helair 

53 

Montgomery 

WOT 

1(5,400 

19,H10 

Uockville 

52 

I'rinci;  (icorge's 

sm 

20,216 

20,473 

Upper  Marlborough 

23 

St.  Mary's 

s 

12,974 

13,155 

Le(.inardtown 

72 

Washington      nwm 

2;i,075 

25,205 

Ilagerstown 

101 

7 

Mstern  Shot 

*<■• 

Caroline 

f 

10,01^^ 

9,070 

Denton 

44 

Cecil 

m' 

10,()4H 

15,4:{2 

Mlktoii 

HO 

1  )orchpstcr 

.«' 

17,759 

l.S,()'>*5 

( 'anibridge 

02 

Kent 

e 

11,45.'J 

10,502 

(-'hestertown 

47 

Queen  Anne's 

( 

14,9.52 

11,390 

Centn.'vi  Ik- 

32 

Somerset 

se 

19,.579 

20,1.55 

Princess  Anno 

107 

Talbot 

em 

14,3H7 

12,947 

I'laston 

47 

Worcester            sc 
19         Total 

17,421 

1^271 

Snowhill 

127 

407,a50 

44(5,913 

iiiiiS 


II 


m 


«^  MARYLAND. 

Dijerait  Classes  of  Population  in  laUO. 

VVIiilcH.  Hl»v«'«.  Frew  col'd  I'vrioiii. 

Males 147,:nr)  r)M,4li!>  a4,!)ii() 

Females 14;},778  49,44U  *i8,{)22 

Total          a»l,0y3  102,878  52,942 

Dcafnml  dumb  white  persons.  .Uil  ;  slaves  and  colored  persons       H2 
Blind,  white  persons, 150 ;  slaves  and  colored  |)crsons      117 

Population  of  Marylatul  at  different  Periods. 

ropiilatioii.  HIavcH. 

In  1790,   319,728  10;},0.'«) 

••  1800,   345,824  Increase  from  1790  to  1800,   26,096  108,554 

«  1810,   380,540    1800   1810,   34,722  111,502 

'«  1820,   407,350    1810   1820,   16,804  107,398 

"  1830,   446,913    1820   1830,   39,563  102,878 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Potomac,  which  divides  this  state  from  Virginia, 
Siisquehannah,  Patnpsco,  Patuxent,  Elk,  Sassafras,  Chester,  Choptank,  Nanti- 
coke,  and  Pocomoke. 

In  the  counties  on  the  eastern  shore  of  the  Chesapeake,  the  land  is  generally 
level  and  low,  and  in  many  places  is  covered  with  stagnant  waters,  giving  rise 
in  the  summer  and  fall  months  to  agues,  and  intermitteni  fevers.  On  the  west- 
ern shore,  the  land  below  the  lowest  falls  of  the  river,  is  [irincipally  level  and 
free  from  stones.  Above  these  falls  the  country  becomes  successively  uneven 
and  hilly,  and  in  the  western  part  of  the  state  is  mountainous.  The  princip.il 
range  of  mountains  is  the  Blue  Ridge  or  South  Mountains,  which  pass  through 
the  state  in  a  northerly  direction  from  Virginia  into  I'ennsylvania.  The  extreme 
western  part  of  the  state  is  crossed  by  the  Alleghany  mountains.  Ik'tween 
these  and  the  Blue  Ridge  arc  scleral  inll-rior  chains,  as  Will's  mountain,  Evit's, 
Warrior,  and  Ragged  mountains,  and  Sideling  hill.  The  soil  is  well  adaptctl 
to  the  culture  of  tobacco  and  wheat,  which  are  the  staple  productions  of  I  ho 
state.  Some  cotton  of  inferior  quality  is  also  raised,  and  in  the  western  coun- 
ties, considerable  quantities  of  flaX  and  hemp.  Two  articles  are  said  to  U; 
peculiar  to  M;iryland;  the  genuine  white  wheat,  which  grows  in  Kent,  Queen 
Ann's,  and  Talbot  counties,  on  the  eastern  shore;  and  the  bright  kite'' afoot 
tobacco,  which  is  produced  on  some  parts  of  the  western  shore,  south  of  Balti- 
more. The  forests  abound  with  various  kinds  of  nuts,  used  for  fattening  hogs, 
which  run  wild  in  the  woods,  and  arc  killed  in  considerable  numbers  for  export- 
ation.    Apples  MiJ  poaches  are  abundant 

Excellent  roa  Js  proceed  from  Baltimore  in  various  directions.  There  is  a 
turnpike  from  Baltimore  to  Cumlxrland  on  the  Potomac,  a  distance  of  135 
miles.  From  Cmulierlnnd  to  Brownsville  on  the  Monongaheln,  in  Pennsylva- 
nia, there  is  now  completed  by  the  United  States,  a  free  turnpike  road,  of  tlu; 
most  superior  construction.  The  distance  is  72  miles,  making  the  whole  dis- 
tance from  Baltimore  to  Brownsville  207  mik's.  This  is  the  shortest  and  best 
communication  yet  opened  l)etween  the  tide  water  of  the  Atlantic  and  the  navi- 
gable western  waters.  A  turnpike  extends  from  Baltimore,  in  a  north-west 
direction,  16  miles,  to  Reistertown,  and  there  divides;  one  branch  turning 
more  to  the  north  meets  the  Pennsylvania  line  in  19  miles;  the  other  in  a  W. 
N.  W.  direction,  runs  29  miles  in  Maryland. 

Iron  ore  abounds  in  various  parts  of  the  state,  and  coal  is  found  in  inexhausti- 
ble quantities,  and  of  a  superior  quality,  on  the  Potomac,  in  the  neighborhood 
of  Cumberland.  Furnaces  have  been  erected  in  various  places  for  the  manu- 
facture of  iron.  Glass,  paper,  and  whiskey  are  also  made  in  considerable 
quantities.  The  value  of  manufactures  in  1830,  was  $11,468,794.  The  prin- 
cipal exports  are  flour  and  tobacco.  The  value  of  the  exports  for  the  year 
ending  September  30th,  1829,  was  $4,804,304.     Maryland  is  the  fourth  state 


54 
♦ 


I  col'd  I'erioiii. 

52,942 

LS        H2 
IS      117 

HIavcH. 

lo:i,().'i(> 

108,554 
111,502 
107,yOH 
102,878 

•om  Virginia, 
)tank,  Nunti- 

1  is  generally 
s,  giving  rise 
On  the  west- 
illy  level  and 
ively  uneven 
'he  princip.-il 
pass  through 
The  extreni(; 
IS.  I^etween 
ntain,  F.vit's, 
veil  .'uiMptcd 
ctions  of  iIk; 
estern  coiiii- 
said  to  Ik; 
Kent,  Qu((<n 
It  kih'\s-foot 
ufh  of  lialti. 
toning  hngs, 
s  for  export- 
There  is  a 
ince  of  1M5 
I  Ponn.sylvu- 
road,  of  tlic 
n  whole  dis- 
'st  and  licsl 
nd  the  navi- 
north-wesl 
nch  turning 
her  in  a  W. 

1  ine.xhausti- 
nighborhooil 
p  the  manu- 
:onsiderablo 
The  prin- 
ir  the  year 
I'uurth  stute 


^i 


M  All  VI, AM)  W 

Ml  the  Union  in  ainoiuit  ofsliipping.     In  I'^l'i,  ihc  nmnkr  of  tons  was  150,002, 
and  in  1h2h,  it  was  i?!!,?)!-*. 

In  1*^:12  fli'-n-  W(  r<'  2;J  int'on  innnid'actnijc^  in  this  statt',  with  an  aggregaltj 
capital  of  •*(2,1  11,0(10,  \\liicii  iiiakc  anmiMlly  ■;,01(»,000  yards  of  cloth. 

The  lluiliiiKire  ami  Ohio  Rail-Road,  which  HAi/nvout 


Wl)  oilKt  U.Mt,  ROAD. 


■ 
a 


is  to  cMcnd  fmni  thr  city  of  Maltiinorc  to  llic 
river  Oliio,  about  M50  miles,  is  tinished  to  the 
I'diiit  of  Roeks,  and  is  tht;  greatest  iii4erpri.se 
of  tin;  kind  uudertiiken  in  America. 

The  Haltimore  and  JSusciuehanna  Rail-Ro;iil 
is  to  extend  from  the  city  of  liajtimnre  to 
Vork-huveu,  in  IViuisylvania. 

The  number  of  banks  and  branches  in  this  state  in  18yi,  was  eighteen,  nine 
of  which  w«'re  in  the  city  of  IJaltimore. 

The  iiriiicipal  literary  seminari<'s  in  this  state  are  the  I  iiiversity  of  „, 
Marvlaiid.  St.  Marys  (.ollegc,  and  Haltimore  Lollege,  m  Ualtimore; 
and  St.  John's  ('ollege,  at  Annapolis.  There  are  several  academies  in  the  state, 
which  receive  .SHOO  a  year  from  the  state  treasury.  A  law  in  favr)r  of  |)rin)ary 
schools  was  passed  in  1^2.'),  and  has  Imh-u  partially  carrit;d  into  elli-ct  in  two  or 
three  of  the  counties.  The  state  has  a  School  h'lind  consisting  of  a  sum  ad- 
vanced bv  Maryland  during  thi;  late  war  and  paid  by  the  national  gov<>rnment, 
amounting  to  .$75,000,  together  with  a  tax  on  bank  capitfd  of  20  cents  on  $100. 
The  luriil  is  at  interest,  and  the  amount  nx'cived  from  the  l«udis  has  also  gen- 
erally Ixx'U  placed  at  interest,  to  the  credit  ol'ihe  s<;veral  counties;  but  in  some 
instances  it  lias  iH'cn  r'xpended  for  its  proper  object.  The  intention  of  the  state 
was,  that  it  should  be  used  to  [)ay  teachers  only  ;  and  that  the  expense  of  build- 
ing schoobhouses,  and  other  expenses,  should  be  paid  by  a  tax  on  property 
wilhin  the  several  schofjl  districts. 

The  numlx;r  of  periodical  presses  in  ISHO  was  25. 

The  Roman  (catholics  are  the  most  numerous  sect  of  Christians  in   „  ,.  .  ._ 
this  state;  they  have  one  archbishop,  the  mcitropolitan  of  the  United  denmnina- 
States,  and  HO  or  40  churches;  the  Methodists  are  numerous;  the      ''°"*' 
Episcopalians  have  .57  ministers;  the  Presbyterians,  11  ministers,  (i  licentiates, 
and  1,058  communicants;  the  IJaptists,  15  churches,  12  minister's,  and  680 
communicants  ;  the  ( Jerman  Reformed,  9  ministers  ;  and  the  Friends  are  con- 
siderably numerous. 

This  country  was  granted  by  Charles  I.  to  George  Calvert,  lord 
Baltimore,  a  Roman  Catholic  ;  the  first  settli'mcnt  was  formed  by  his      '*  '"^' 
son  liconard  (Jalvert,  together  with  about  200  (Jalholics,  in  10^4 ;  and  it  was 
named  Maryland,  from  Menrictta  Maria,  ihe  queen  of  Charles. 

The  constitution  of  this  state  was  foriiuMl  in  1770;  since  which,, 

,  ,  ,  ,  ,,,,       ....  (  onsiiiiiiion 

time  many  aineniiinents  iiave  i)een  made.      Ihe  legisliitive  power  isanrtgov«rn 
vested  in  a  senate,  consisting  of  15  members,  and  a  house  of  dele-      ""'"' 
uates,  consisting  of  80  mcmlters  ;  ami  these  two  branches  united  are  styled 
The  (general  As.scmbly  of  Maryland. 

The  members  of  Ihe  house  of  delegates,  four  from  each  county,  are  elected 
annually  by  the  people,  on  th(!  first  Monday  in  Octoli«M';  and  the  members  of 
the  senate  an;  elected  every  fifth  year  on  the  third  Monday  in  September,  at 
Annapolis,  by  electors  who  are  cho.s(>n  by  the  peoi)le  on  the  first  Monday  of  the 
same  month  of  Septenil)er.  These  electors  choose  by  ballot  nine  senators  from 
thi^  Western  Shore,  and  six  from  the  Ivisferii,  who  hold  thf'ir  office  five  years. 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  annually  on  the 
first  I\b>nday  in  January,  by  a  joint  ballot  of  both  houses  of  the  general  a.sscm- 
bly.  No  one  can  hold  the  otHce  of  governor  more  than  three  years  succcs« 
sively,  nor  be  eligible  as  governor  uiiiil  flic  exjiiration  of  four  years  after  he  has 

M 


t 


00 


MARYLAND. 


r  t 


been  out  of  lliat  t)iric<'.     'l"li«'  govcnn>r  is  assisted  by  ti  council  of  five  rnenilxrs, 
who  uro  chosen  anuiuiily  hy  a  joint  Ijallot  of  the  senate;  and  house  of  delegates. 

The  general  asseinl)ly  meets  annually  (at  Aiumpolis)  on  the  last  Momlay  in 
December.  The  council  oJ"tlu;  <j;overnor  is  elected  on  tlu;  first  Tuesday  in  Jan- 
uary ;  the  governor  nounnales  to  ollire,  and  the  council  a|ij)oinls. 

The  constitution  grants  the  right  of  sulIVage  to  every  Irei!  white  male  citizen, 
above  21  years  of  ag(;,  having  resided  twelve  months  within  the  state,  and  six 
months  in  tJu;  county,  or  in  the  city  of  Annapolis  or  Haltimorc,  next  preceding 
the  election  at  wjiich  he  oilers  to  vote. 

The  chancellor  and  judges  are  nominated  by  the  governor,  and  ai)pointed  by 
the  council ;  and  they  holtl  their  oilices  during  good  behavior. 

The  executive  council,  consisting  of  live  members,  are  elected  annually  on 
the  fu'st  Tuesdfiy  in  January  ;  and  in  case  of  the  demise  of  the  governor  during 
his  term  of  oihce,  th(;  lirst  named  of  tin;  council,  for  the  time;  iK'ing,  iK'comes 
the  governor  of  the  state,  till  tlu^  next  meeting  of  the  general  assembly.  In 
appointing  ollicers  under  the  state,  the  governor  has  the  right  of  mtmination, 
and  the  c(H«ncil  the  right  of  ap|)ointment.  The  governor  does  not  possess  the 
power  of  a  veto  on  the  acts  of  the  general  nss(>ml)ly. 

The  house  of  delegates  is  composed  of  80  niembtjrs,  elected  annually,  four 
from  each  of  the  19  counties,  and  two  from  each  of  the  cities  of  Annapolis  and 
Baltimore.  The  senate  c(jnsists  of  1.5  memlx-rs,  elected  for  five  years,  by  an 
electoral  colKfge  of  40  inend)ers,  two  from  each  of  the  counties,  and  one  from 
each  of  the  cities  of  Annapolis  and  Baltimore.  The  electors  are  chosen  on  tlie 
first  Monday  in  Septemlx>r  every  5th  year,  and  they  elect  the  senators  on  the 
succeeding  yd  Monday  in  September. 

One  of  the  pecunarities  of  the  declaration  of  rights  of  the  state  is  the  section 
which  declares,  "  That  every  gift,  sale,  or  devise  of  lands,  to  any  minister, 
public  teaclu'r,  or  pn-acher  of  the  gospel,  as  such,  or  to  any  religious  sect,  order, 
or  denomination,  or  to  or  for  the  Hupj)ort,  use,  or  lx?nefit  of,  or  in  trust  for,  any 
minister,  public  teacher,  or  preacher  of  the  gospel,  as  such,  or  any  religious 
sect,  order,  or  denomination ;  and  every  gift  or  sale  of  goods  or  chattels  to  go 
in  succession,  or  to  take  place;  alter  the  death  of  the  seller  or  donor,  or  to  or  for 
such  support,  use,  or  benefit,  and  also  every  devise  of  goods  or  chattels  to  or 
for  the  support,  use,  or  benefit  of  any  minister,  public  teacher,  or  preacher  of 
the  gospel,  as  such,  or  any  religious  sect,  order,  or  denomination,  without  the 
leave  of  the  legislature,  shall  be  void ;  except  always  any  sale,  gift,  lease,  or 
devise,  of  any  quantity  of  land  not  exceeding  two  acres  for  a  church,  meeting, 
or  other  house  of  worship  and  for  a  burying  ground,  which  shall  be  improveel, 
enjoyed,  or  used  only  for  such  purposes,  or  such  sale,  gift,  lease,  or  devise 
shall  be  void." 

The  governor's  annual  salary  is  $2,666§. 

This  state  sends  eight  representatives  to  congress. 


P(  '^ 


five  ineinlxrs, 
-*  ol"  (lelegHtfs. 
ist  MoiKlay  in 
icsduy  in  Juii- 

'  iiiale  citizen, 
state,  nnd  six 
lext  preceding 

I  appointed  l)y 

I  annually  on 
vernor  during 
I'ing,  iK'conics 
isseinhly.  In 
f  nomination, 
ot  possess  the 

innuaily,  four 
Vnnapolis  and 
years,  by  an 
and  one  Irom 
chosen  on  tJie 
nators  on  the 

is  the  section 

[xny  minister, 

us  sect,  order, 

trust  for,  any 

ny  religious 

lattels  to  go 

or  to  or  for 

lattels  to  or 

preacher  of 

without  thf) 

ift,  lease,  or 

ch,  meeting, 

be  improved, 

36,  or  devise 


I 


VIRCIMA. 


VIUniMA. 


91 


4t 


ARMS  OF  VIIKJINIA. 

ViRoiNiA  is  hounded  N.  by  Pennsylvania;  N.  E.  by  Maryland;  E.  by  the 
Atlantic;  S.  by  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee;  \V.  by  Kentucky  and  Ohio. 
It  lies  Ix-tween  .M6^  30'  and  40^  A',V  N.  lat.  and  h^\wvvi\  (1  '.il  W.  and  1°  20' 
1^.  long.     It  is  370  miles  long,  and  contains  about  01,000  square  miles. 


93 


VIIKJINIA. 


¥.n 


'•'.SI 


^4i,r^ 


m 


Et*--'' 


!l.:lii  lil 


TABLE  OF  TIIK  fOLiNTIKM  AND  COL'.N'l'Y  'l\)W\S.-Cuulinutd. 


I'Aiatcrn  District. — ('ontinueU. 


t 
em 


Cireonvillo 

Ilulifax 

Hanover 

Henrico  im 

lliciimond,  citij 
llenrv 

Isle  oV  Wiijht 
James  t;ity 
Kinjj  &.  Queen 
Kinjf  (Jeorge 
King  William 
liincaster 
Loudon 
Ix}tiiHa 


Lunenburg 


« 

e 

c. 
ne 
em 

e 
ne 
nt 

s 
m 

e 

8 
C 

se 
in 

em 
sc 


Madison 

Mattliews 

Mecklenburg 

Middlesex 

NansenionU 

Nelson 

New  Kent 

Norfolk 

Norfolk,  borough 
Northampton 
Northumberland 
Nottoway 
Orange 
Patrick 
Pittsylvania 
Powhatan 
Prince  Eldward 
Prince  George 
Prince  William 
Princess  Anne 
Richmond 
Southampton 
Spottsylvania 

Fred'ksburg,  town 
Stafibrd  7je 

Surrey  se 

Sussex  se 

Warwick  se 

Westmoreland        e 
York  e 

65  Totalo/E.Dist. 


Alleghany 

Augusta,  North 

Augusta,  South 

Bath 

Berkeley 

Botetourt 

Brooke 

Cabell 

Frederick,  East 

Frederick,  West 

Giles 


r 
e 
sm 
m 
« 
s 

VI 

sm 

em 

ne 

se 

c 

sc 

cm 


WhilM.        I 

r.',!>ir) 

5,717 
7,757 
4,()5H 
5,023 
him 
4,714 
2,475 
3,155 
1,1)7H 
15,517 
0,4()H 
4,47!) 

4,:w» 
•,\,\m 

7,443 
1,H7«) 
5,143 
5,lH(i 
2,5M(i 
H.IHO 
5,131 
3,573 
4,()29 
2,94J) 
(),4")<) 
5,404 
14,()!M) 
2,<i(Jl 

5,o;«) 

3,(Ki(J 
5,127 
5,02:1 
2,975 
6,5713 
4,085 
1,798 
4,713 
2,80)5 
4,118 
619 
3,718 
2,129 


375,9  K) 


4,0H1| 
14,5271 

9,27H| 
5,9.'U! 

2,H0H 
4,272 
1,9H3 
(J,514| 
3,03i"i 
6,3 10| 
2,0311 
5,3(M); 
9,3^^2; 
7,2;}.3 
4,H73 
3,4Hl 
11,950 
2.137 
4,913 
5,946 
3,530 
5,Kl-J 
3,757 
3,734 
3,:{.')7 
(i,9'J5 
7,9M3 

10,992 
5.472 
H,.593 
4,5f^ 
3,?U2 
3,73(i 
2,61)0 
7,755 
6,!)2.') 
1,12;-) 
4,1()4 
3,377 
7,736 
802 
3,ft45 
2,598 


mar  HI 


TuUll  fu|l. 


rmii.ly  TnwliA, 


1  frnm  Hi'  hmi'M 


416,259 


:{.M2 

.5!M» 

449 

1,(H) 

i,>n;o 

174 

1  ^hh) 

571 
416 
2.M7 
:U7 
1!J5 

1,(«)2 
301 
2^15 
71 
1H9 
874 
IIH 

1,69H 
122 

;y2 

9(«5 
J>28 

i,:m 

5(i7 
223 
19H 
117 
310 
3M4 
475 
7(HI 
361 
34:3 
451 
1,745 
310 
38^1 
4><5 
8()6 
866 
27 
84S 
027 

41)7780 


7,117 

28,0.32 

12,73-< 

16,(KiO 

7,1(M) 

10,517 

.3,M:iH 

11,»M4 

6,397 

9,M12 

4,H(K) 

21,9;)H 

1(),151 

11,957 

9,2:«J 

7,«)(i3 

20,3fMi 

4,122 

11,7H1 

11,251 

(i,457 

14,99H 

9,H1(5 

H,({44 

7,95:3 

10,141 

14,<):37 

7,:«)3 

26,022 

H,517 

14,107 

H,:368 

9,:wo 

9,102 

6,056 

1(),073 

11,920 

3,307 

0,3(52 

7,108 

12,720 

1,570 

8,411 

5,:i.54 


llick.-stord 
Halifax  ( MI. 
Hanovr  ('.  H. 

>  UK'IIMOND. 

Miirlinsville 
Siiiilliticld 
Williaiiisl)urg 
KV«fcU'nC.  H. 
King  (Jrorge  C.  H. 
Killer  William  V.  II. 
iiiiiicajjter  C.  II. 
Lct'sburjj 
Lmisa  (^.  II. 
Lunenburg  C  H. 
Madison 
Mallliews  C.  II. 
Boydton 
IJrbanna 
Siitll.lk 
liovington 
Niw  Kent  C.  H. 

)  PorUsmouth 

<  Norfolk 

Kiwtville 

.Xorthum'dC.II. 

Nottoway  C.  H. 

Orange 

Patrick  C.  H. 

Pittsylvania  C.  II. 

Srntsvillo 

Prince  Edw.  C.  II. 

(^ity  Point 

Brentjriville 

Princess  Anne  C.  IT. 

Richmond  C.  H. 

Jerusalem 

V  Fredericksburg. 

StalTord  C.  II. 
Surrey  C.  H. 
Sussex  C  H. 
Warwick  C.  H. 
Westmoreland  C.  H, 
Yorktown 


Wi2,070 


m 

2,197 

571 

48 

m 

7,208 

1,677 

257 

VI 

8,0^18 

2,588 

147 

m 

2,803 

1,140 

(ri 

n 

8,32:3 

1,919 

276 

sm 

11,808 

4,17«) 

386 

niv 

6,774 

227 

;)0 

w 

5,267 

mv 

m 

n 

8.104 

5.342 

(«) 

n 

9,260 

2,088 

598 

w 

4,779 

470 

49 

Western  District. 

2,816 

9,142 

10,783 

4,008 

10,.528 

16,;3M 

7,040 

5,884 

14,099 

11,946 

5,298 


Covington 

i  Staunton, 
ath  C.  H. 
Martinsburg 
Fincastle 
Wellsburg 
Cabell  C.  H. 

I  Winchester 
Giles  C.  H. 


(i:i 

i:io 

20 


207 

IHO 

(iO 

49 

H8 

27 

K3 

l.-)3 

5-1 

91 

110 

1(H) 

118 

83 

102 

118 

30 

116 

112 

174 

02 

67 

80 

241 

167 

:)2 

75 

104 

i:37 

56 

81 

66 

76 
60 
50 

81 
70 
72 


191 

121 

170 
172 
196 
373 
344 

150 

240 


VIRdlMA. 


ufd. 

1           llikUi»)' 

1  trrm  Ht'  hrn'-ftii 

ii:i 

IMO 

'JO 

i>07 

IHO 

(M) 

49 

11. 

HH 

.11. 

'J7 

HM 

l.-)M 

:a 

. 

91 

110 

KNI 

IIH 

H8 

102 

118 

30 

116 

112 

174 

92 

t)7 

80 

241 

I. 

167 

32 

I. 

75 

34 

1(4 

.11. 

137 

56 

81 

T, 

66 

76 

60 

50 

81 

H. 

70 

72 

TAIH.K  ()!■ 

'  'I'lIK  C 

tULNTIKM  AM) 

COI'.NTY 
— Contin 

TOWNS— r«nf»fi«rrf. 

Wi 

shrn  J)istru't. 

uvd. 

IliaUnr* 

t     :.ll||t.M. 

Whll.'<       1 

""— ■     1    mV'k'..    1 

1     I4ll.|>.         1 

(iriivsoii 

M 

7.161 

462         52 

7.(J75 

(iravMii.  (Ml. 

216 

(iriM'iihriiT 

Win 

7,';9li 

1,\:a)       (i.) 

9,(11.-, 

I,i'\vi«l)iirjf 

221 

IliiirriM)!!,  I'<. 

uw 

9, 1 13 

626         5(1 

10.119 

V  Clarksbiir},' 
Koiiincv 

2tK) 

Il;iriis(iii,  W. 

jii/> 

t.KM 

115'         Id 

4..">.> 

illmiipsliiro 

n 

9.7! Mi 

\:.\:\(\      153 

11.279 

195 

illunlv 

n 

5,UH 

1.167       2-J3 

6,79«« 

.Mi«>rt:iddH 

195 

.l<'tri>rsnn 

n 

H,13M 

3,««)9        J!t3 

12,9-J7 

("harh'Kton 

1H2 

Kt'iiliawu 

«' 

7.I«H 

1,7 1-^         75 

9.261 

K'l'Mlmwii  (.'.  H. 

3(H 

1  .Of 

8W 

.^-<30 

612 

19 

(i,161 

.IdtlOSVillt! 

3!>2 

|L«'\vi.s 

wni 

6,(MM) 

162 

13 

6,211 

Wi'stoii 

249 

i  l.o^aii 

w 

3.51 1 

163 

6 

3,0s(( 

i>.!.rnnC.  I  J. 

324 

.Mijnoiiirnliii,  K. 
Monoiiijuliii,  W. 

II 

H 

(i,:r)2 
7,223 

233 
129 

103 
16 

6,(ls«. 
7,3(is 

i  .MorfraiitDWn 

293 

MUHOII 

W 

5.776 

713 

15 

(5,.-.3| 

I'liiiil  IMcfusniit 

371 

.\lonrf)n 

Win 

7.9;W 

6H2 

s:} 

7,79s 

I'liioti 

2(W 

Montfjoinerv 

aw 

10,212 

2,037 

55 

12,3(M 

<'!iristiaiiHl)iirij 

20<} 

.Morjfiiii 

71 

2,517 

153 

22 

2,692 

Urrkclcy  !S|)rmjrH 

1H({ 

Nirhobs 

inn 

3,-J'J!) 

119 

1 

3,319 

.Xifliiilas  C.  11. 

2(iS 

Ohio 

nw 

15,033 

362 

195 

15,.')9(l 

NVhcfliii;^ 

:f)7 

Pciidloton 

iim 

5,750 

4!H 

23 

6,271 

Franklin 

171 

I'licaliniiUirt 

will 

2,297 

227 

17 

2.511 

llniitcrsvillo 

191 

Prt'stoii 

n 

4,917 

.     125 

27 

5.0!  )9 

KinirwiMid 

261 

Randolpli 

nrn 

'1,12«5 

259 

115 

.5.(KKI  Hmcrly 

210 

ItookbridiTO 

m 

lO.Kr) 

3,39'' 

'.M 

14.244,  li«'xin<rtnn 

15<{ 

R<tckinf,'lKini 

in 

17,HI4 

2,331 

5.1m 

20,693  1  larrisoiiburj; 

122 

Ru.s.Hell 

sw 

(),(K)2 

(i79 

3() 

(»,717  Lchaiiiiii 

:«io 

Srott 

sw 

5,319 

33s 

15 

5,702  I'Millvillo 

3(H 

Sli  'nandonli,  R. 
.'^iKMiandoali,  W 

nin 

7,171 

9,(;{H 

9!)2 
1,431 

291 

4!l(Tl  Tazpwfll  ('.  n. 

15() 

TazcwfU 

sw 

4,912 

H20 

is 

290 

Tvlor 

nw 

3,991 

1(H 

5 

5,750  .Middh'lxiumn 

307 

VVushington 

sw 

12,7H5 

2,56N 

261 

15,(il4'Abinnft()n 

3(K) 

Wood 

w 

5,'W7 

H73 

49 

(),4(HJ,l*ark('r.shursr 

299 

Wythe                  sw 
45     Total  W.  Dist. 
no    Total  of  Virff. 

9,952 
31H,.'j(iri 

2,0f)-l 

5:},4(»5 

469,7'^ 

117 

12,1(J3 

Wythe 

253 

6,323 
47,103 

37s,293 

(i94,44^j 

1,211,272 

Population. 

747,610 
880,200 
974,622 
1820,  1,065,366 
1830,  1,211,272 


Population  at  different  Periods. 


In  1790, 
1800, 
1810, 


Increase  from  1790  to  1800,  132,590 

1800       1810,  94,422 

1810       1820,  90,744 

1820       1830,  145,906 


Slavns. 

292,627 
346,968 
392,518 
425,153 
469,724 


The  principal  rivers  are  the  Potomac,  Shenandoah,  Rappahannock,  Matta- 
pony,  Paniunky,  York,  James,  Rivanna,  Appomatox,  Eiizateth,  Nottaway, 
Meherrin,  Staunton,  Kcnhawa,  Ohio,  Sandy,  Mononguhela,  and  Cljcat. 


IJA'lliiunr 


•^ 


5^ 


..■v<;.l  10.  ft- 

"  '  _  mnnBini' 
I.)  ■  ^  » 


PROFILK  VIEW  OF  Trii;  DISMAL  SWAMP  CANAL. 

The  Dismal  Swamp  Canal,  22  miles  long,  opens  a  communication  between 
Norfolk,  in  Virginia,  and  Filizabeth  City,  in  North  Carolina. 


«  T 


'l^ 


I  1:1,     ' 


|i»i| 


U4  VIIKilMA. 

Tlio  ('li('Ha|M'ukc  mill  Uliio  Ciiniil,  wliicli  is  to  oxtcnii  I'min  ihi!  city  of  Wiisli- 
ingtoii  t(»  the  liver  ( Miin,  is  riiiw  in  prnjrrcs.s.  Its  (•(Mirsc  is  piirtly  mi  tin;  Vir« 
ginifi,  and  |i!ii'lly  on  llir  Mm yliiiul  siilc  of  il  •■  IVtioniac. 

The  sla|ilt'  |iro(lnctioiis  of  N'irninia  arc;  wlifat  and  tolmci-o.  TlKt  cxii'irfs  of 
till'  stale,  {III*  llic  year  <iidini,'  Si  ptcinUr  •*{(•,  l^^i.'!),  miionntcd  to  i8!M,*h7,t >()(). 

'I'lii'  stair  of  \'ir>.'inia  may  Ik-  dixiilnl  into  litur  /oms,  issnitially  dilli'riii'^ 
from  oiii'  anolliiT.  'I'lif  liist  cxti'miiii)^  from  tlu"  sra-coasi  to  tin-  Irrmiiiatioii  ol" 
fidi;  nt  I'VidiTirksliur^,  Kirlimoiid,  iVr.,  is  low  and  (lal,  soiiKtimcH  fenny, 
Hometimes  sandy,  and  on  the  niarj:in  of  rivers  eom|)o>ed  of  a  rieli  loam  eovered 
uilli  a  In.xnriant  und  even  rank  veiretatioii.  This  part  is  nnlieallhy  in  tlu> 
months  of  Anj,'nst,  SiptemlM'r,  and  Oetoliir. 

The  next  division  extends  from  the  head  ol'lide-water  to  the  Ilhie  Uidire.  The 
surfaee  near  the  tide.waler  is  level ;  higher  np  the  rivers  it  l)eeoines  swelling  ; 
und  near  thenioimtainsit  isolh-n  al>nipt  and  hrokeii.  The  soil  is  divided  into  sec- 
tions of  very  niieipial  (piaiity,  parallel  to  each  other,  and  extenilin;^  throu^hont 
the  stale.  The  parallel  of  Chesterlield,  Ih  nrieo,  Hanover,  iVe.  is  a  thin,  sandy, 
and,  except  on  the  rivers,  an  nn|»roduetive  soil.  Thai  of  ( looelilaiid,  Ciimher- 
land,  I'rinee  Isdwanl,  Halifax,  «.Ve.,  is  generally  lirtile.  l-'luvanna,  Mnekiii};- 
liam,  C.implell,  Pittsylvania,  a<^'ain,  are  poor;  and  Cidpeper,  Orange,  AIIk-- 
inarle,  Hedford,  vS:e.,  a  rieli,  thoniih  frei|uently  a  stonv,  liroken  soil,  on  a  suli- 
stratnm  of  tenaeiinis  and  red-eolored  riay.  The  po|)idatioii  of  this  seetioti, 
especially  near  the  mountains,  is  more  rolmst  and  healthy  than  that  of  any 
other  part  nl'  the  state.  The  scenery  of  the  upper  part  is  hij^hly  [lietiirescpur 
nnd  romantic.  There  in  n  vein  of  lime-stone  runniii}^  ihrouirh  AllK'inarlc, 
Ornnj^e,  cVc.  Pit  coal  of  a  good  (piality  is  liiund  witliin  iiO  miles  ahove  Uieli- 
inond,  on  James  river. 

The  third  division  is  the  valley  U'tween  the  l>lue  Uid;^'e,  and  North  and  Alle- 
ghany mountains;  a  vnllcy  which  extends,  with  little  interruplioii,  from  tlio 
Potoinnc,  across  the  state,  to  North  Carolina  and  Tenii'-ssee,  narrower,  hut  of 
greater  length  than  either  the  preceding  divisions.  Tlie  soil  is  a  mould  formed 
on  a  bed  oi'  lime-stone.  The  surface  of  the  valley  is  sometimes  broken  by 
sharp  and  solitary  mountains  detached  from  the  general  chain,  the  sides  of 
which,  nearly  hare,  or  but  thinly  covered  with  blasted  pines,  form  disagreeable 
objects  in  the  landscape.  The  bed  ol'the  valley  is  lirtile,  producing  good  crops 
of  Indian  corn,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  buckwheul,  hemit,  flax,  timothy,  nnd  clover. 
The  farms  are  smaller  than  in  lh(^  lower  |)arts  of  Virginia,  and  the  cultivation 
is  better.  Hen;  are  few  slavi's.  'J'his  valley  has  ine.Jiaiistiblo  mines  of  excel- 
lent iron  ore.     ('halk  is  found  in  Rotetourt  county. 

The  fourth  division  extends  from  the  Alleghany  mountains  to  the  river  Ohio; 
a  country  wild  and  broken,  in  some  i>arts  fertile,  but  generally  lean  or  barren ; 
but  having  mines  of  iron,  lead,  coal,  salt,  «.V,c. — The  soil  of  a  great  proportion 
of  the  county  of  Randolph  and  the  adjacent  counties  in  the  north-west  part  of 
the  state,  is  of  an  cxcelliuU  quality,  i)roducing  large  crops  of  grain.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven  and  hilly.  The  county  is  well  watered,  is  (>xcellent  for  grazing, 
and  has  a  very  healthy  climate. 

There  are  many  mineral  springs  in  Virginia.  The  hot  and  warm  springs 
of  Bath  county,  the  sweet  springs  of  Monroe  county,  the  sulphur  springs  of 
Creenbrier  and  of  Montgomery  counties,  and  the  baths  of  Rin'keley  county,  are 
much  frequented.  The  most  remarkable  curiosities  are  the  Natural  Bridge, 
the  passage  of  the  Potomac  at  Harper's  Ferry,  the  cataract  of  Falling  Spring, 
and  several  caves. 

Since  the  year  1827,  the  gold  mines  of  Virginia  have  attracted 
considerable  attention.  The  belt  of  country  in  which  they  are  found 
extends  through  Spotsylvania  and  some  neighboring  counties.  The  gold  region 
abounds  in  quartz,  which  contains  cubes  of  sulphurct  of  iron.  These  cubes  are 
often  partly  or  totally  decomposed ;  and  the  cells  thus  created  are  sometimes 


Gold  MiiieH. 


VIUCINIA. 


05 


li(lii<-.  Till'        • 


1 


fillr.l  with  unlil.  Tlifirolil  is  r.iiiiiflMn  ilif  MirlfK'f,  mikI  in  llif  Ntnictiirc  <.f  quartz; 
l)iit  in  i^nati'st  iiliiiml;iiii'.'  r<>tin>j:  ii|t<.ii  x|iil<  ,  mihI  in  its  lissiin's.  Tin'  ^'olil  itt 
(lilliisnl  Mvcr  liir^i- siirliuTs,  and  lias  luit  y<t  Imcu  Inniul  siililiiinily  in  ninss, 
••xcciit  in  a  li'W  jila-'ts,  lo  ni.iKi-  niinin„'  |iiufit!iMt'.  'I'lir  mh  llnil  nl"  olitaining 
tlu!  nitlal  js  l»y  liltralinn,  i<r  \vasliin;ii  tlic  nirtli,  and  liy  an  anial;,nnn  of  (|iurl<- 
silver.  Tlir  averam-  valiu-  of  tlu'  rarlh  yiddin-,'  ^<»ld  in  statrd  at  W  cmts  a 
hnsli.l.  'I'lit!  aniunnt  rircivcd  iVimj  tliisstat<-  at  llir  I  nitnl  Stales'  mint  in  1H30 
was  JilJ  l,(t(>(). 

'riienwnilK-r  of  rotfon  inanidaetories  in  this  state  in  I^M-j  was  wvrn,  with  an 
njirirre^ate  ea|tital  nf  'JllO.OdO  d<i||;irs.  in.ikin'/  annually  (»7">,0(l(»  yards  of  cluili. 

'I'lie  NaMMid  I5rid;^n-,  the  must  suMinie  of  nature's  works,  is  on  the  ascent  of 
a  hill,  wliiidi  seems  to  have  1m<ii  cIom  n  )lniiii.j,h  its  lenvMli  hy  some  ^reaf  con- 
vulsion. The  llssure,  just  at  the  hrid;^e,  is  l»y  some  admea>ifi-emenls  "JTO  fet;t 
(leei),  l)V  others  only  VJtir).  It  is  id)oiit  lo  |!ef  wide  lit  the  hottoMi,  and  W  feet 
yt  the  top — this  of  coursi'  deterniiins  the  Irnnth  of  tin-  hriil^e,  and  its  li(;i|iit 
from  the  water.  Th<;  hreadlh  in  ihr  miildle  i.s  aUiut  (iO  li-el,  hut  more  at  tno 
ends,  and  tin-  thit'kness  of  the  maj«s  ut  the  smnmit  of  the  ar<h,  alioiif  10  fi'et. 
A  part  of  this  thickness  is  constituted  hy  a  coat  of  earth,  which  ;^'ives  growth 
to  many  laru<!  trei-s.  Tin;  residiu-,  with  the  hill  on  Ixith  sides,  is  one  solid  ro<'k 
of  lime-stone. 

Th(!  ar(di  apiu-oaches  the  semi.e||i|ttical  firm,  hut  the  larj^'er  axis  of  th(! 
ellipsis,  which  would  he  the  cord  oj"  the  andi,  is  many  limes  lon^'er  than  the 
transverse.  Thou;;h  tlu;  sides  of  this  l)rid<;e  ai-e  provi(k'd,  in  some  parts,  with 
a  panip»'t  of  fixed  nicks,  yet  jlw  nu.n  liav<'  resolution  to  walk  to  ihemand  look 
over  into  the  ahyss.  Vou  involiuilarily  iidi  oji  your  hands  and  ii'ct,  cree[>  to 
the  para|K't,  and  pwp  over  it.  • 

If  the  view  from  the  top  he  painful  and  infolerahle,  that  from  Ik'Iow  is  delight- 
ful in  an  e(|ual  extreme.  It  is  impossihie  for  the  emotions  arisini^  out  of  the 
sid)lim(!  to  Im!  lelt  Ix^yond  what  they  arc;  here;  so  iK.-autiful  an  andi,  so  elevated, 
so  li^dit,  ami  sprin^^ing,  as  it  were,  up  to  heaven,  the  rapture  of  the  sjM'ctncle  is 
really  indescrihahle. 

"  Tin;  lissure  continuing  narrow,  dfH'p,  and  straight  for  n  ronsiderahle  dis- 
tance ahove  and  1m:Iow  tiie  hridge,  opens  a  short  hut  very  pleasing  view  of  tho 
North  Mountain  on  one  side,  and  the  MIuc^  Uidgc;  on  the  other,  at  the  distance, 
each  of  thenj,  of  ahout  fiv(!  miles.  'I'his  liri<lge  is  in  the  comity  of  Um-khridge, 
to  which  it  has  given  name ;  and  atlords  n  j)uhlic  and  comnuKlious  passage 
over  a  valley,  which  cannot  Ik;  crossed  elsewhere  for  n  considerahio  distance. 
The  stream  passing  under  it,  is  called  Cedar  creek.  It  is  a  trihutary  of  .lames' 
river,  and  sufficient  in  tlu!  driest  season  to  turn  a  gris»-mill,  though  its  fountain 
is  not  morn  than  two  miles  alxive. 

Th(!  following  account  is  from  another  source:  "As  wo  stood  under  this 
heautiful  arch,  we  saw  the  place  where  visitors  have  often  taken  the  |)ains  to 
engrave  their  names  upon  the  rock.  Here  Washington  climhed  up  25  feet  and 
carved  his  own  name,  where  it  still  remains.  Some  wisliing  to  immortalize 
their  names,  have  (>ngraved  them  dv(\)  and  large,  while  others  iMive  tried  to 
climh  up  and  insert  them  high  in  this  h(Mtk  of  fame. 

"  A  few  years  since,  a  young  m;m,  heing  amhitions  to  place  his  nnmo  ahovo 
all  others,  came  very  near  losing  his  liti-  in  the  attempt.  Aft^er  much  fatigue 
he  climl)cd  up  as  high  as  possihU;,  hut  found  that  th<!  person  who  had  before 
occupied  his  place  was  taller  than  hims<lf,  and  consequently  had  placed  his 
name  ahove  his  reach.  Hut  he  was  nf>l  thus  to  Iwi  discouraged.  He  opened  a 
largo  jack-knife,  and  in  the  soft  lime-stone  hegan  to  cut  places  for  his  hands  nnd 
leet.  With  much  patiiMicc  and  industry  lie  worked  his  way  upwards,  and  suc- 
ceeded in  carving  his  name  higher  than  the  most  ambiti«)us  had  done  before 
him. 

"lie  could  now  triumph,  but  his  triumpii  wiis  short,  for  ho  was  placed  in 

\ 


9G 


VIRGINIA. 


I 


;"l||l«:' 


U'J. 


such  a  siliiation  that  it  was  iiiipus.sihlc!  to  (lusrfnd  imli'ss  lif  fell  upon  tlin  ragrrc'd 
rocks  boin'atii  Iiiin.  Tlinro  was  no  liousu  I'l'ar,  from  wliicli  his  comiiaiiions 
could  get  nssistaiifi.'.     Ih;  could  not  roiiiiuii  iu  that  condition,  and,  wliat  was 


his  ll 


tf 


luch  fi 


lil( 


ll  to  do  anv  thinir  l()r  his  relief.  Th 


worse, 

looked  upon  liini  as  already  dead,  expecting  every  moment  to  see  hjm  prirJpi- 
tated  upon  tlio  rocks  below,  and  dashed  to  jMcces.  Not  so  with  himsell".  He 
determined  to  ascend.  vVccordingly  he  plied  liinisell"*  with  his  knire,"cutting 
places  for  his  hands  and  leet,  and  <fradually  ascended  with  incredible  labor.  He 
exerted  every  muscle,  liis  lile  was  at  stake,  and  all  the  ter-ors  of  death  arose 
before  liim.  lie  dared  not  look  downwards  lest  his  head  should  become  dizzy, 
and  |)f:rhaps  on  this  circumstance  Iiis  liib  de|)cnded. 

"  ills  companions  stood  at  the  t(jp  of  the  rock  exhorting  and  encouraging 
him.  Ilis  strength  was  almost  exhausted  ;  but  a  ban;  j;ossibility  of  saving  his 
lile  still  remained,  and  hope,  the  last  friend  of  the  distressed,  had  not  yet  ibi- 
sakcn  him.  Ilis  course  upwards  was  rather  obli([ue  than  perpendicular.  His 
most  critical  moment  had  now  arrived.  He  iiad  ascended  considerably  more 
than  200  feet,  and  had  still  further  to  rise,  when  he  lelt  himself  liist  growing 
weak.  He  now  made  his  last  ellort,  and  succeeded.  He  had  cut  his  way  ncjt 
far  from  250  feet  from  the  water,  in  a  course  almost  perpendicular;  and  in  a 
little  less  than  two  hours,  .lis  anxious  companions  reached  him  a  pole  from  the 
top,  and  drew  him  U]».  They  received  him  with  shouts  of  jf)y  ;  but  he  himself 
was  com])letely  exhausted.  He  immediately  fainted  away  on  reaching  the  spot, 
and  it  was  some  time  before  he  could  be  reciHered  ! 

"  It  was  interesting  to  see  the  path  up  these  awful  rocks,  and  to  follow  in 
imagination  this  bold  youth  as  he  thus  saved  his  life.  Ilis  name  stands  far 
above  aU  the  rest,  a  monument  of  hardihood,  of  rashness,  and  of  lolly." 

The  passage  of  the  Potomac  through  the  Blue  Ridge,  says  Mr.  Jefferson,  is 
perhaps  one  of  the  most  stupendous  scenes  in  nature.  You  stand  on  a  very 
high  point  of  land.  On  your  right  comes  the  Shenandoah,  having  rangeil 
along  the  foot  of  the  mountain  a  hundred  miles  to  seek  a  vent.  On  your  left 
approaches  the  Potomac  in  quest  of  a  passage  also.  In  the  moment  of  their 
junction  they  rush  together  against  the  mountain,  rend  it  asunder,  and  pass  oil" 
to  the  sea. 

The  first  glance  of  this  scene  hurries  our  senses  into  the  opinion  that  the 
mountains  were  formed  first ;  that  the  rivers  began  to  flow  aiterwards ;  that 
in  this  place  particularly  th(!y  have  been  dammed  up  by  the  Blue  Ridge,  and 
have  formed  an  ocean  which  filled  the  whole  valley  ;  that,  continuing  to  rise, 
they  have  at  length  broken  over  at  this  spot,  and  have  torn  the  mountain  down 
from  its  summit  to  its  base.  The  piles  of  rock  on  each  side,  but  particularly 
on  the  Shenandoah,  the  evident  marks  of  their  disrupturo  and  avulsion  from 
their  beds  by  tiie  most  pow(uful  agents  of  nature,  corroborate  the  impression. 

But  the  distant  finishing  which  nature  has  given  to  the  picture  is  of  a  very 
different  character.  It  is  a  true  contrast  to  the  foreground.  It  is  as  placid  and 
delightful  as  that  is  wild  and  tremendous.  For  the  mountain  being  clovtMi 
asunder,  she  presents  to  your  eye,  through  the  cleft,  a  small  catch  of  smooth 
blue  horizon,  at  an  infinite  distance  in  the  plain  country,  inviting  you,  as  it 
were,  from  the  riot  and  tumult  roaring  around,  to  pass  through  the  breach,  and 
participate  the  calm  below. 

.  Here  the  eye  ultimately  composes  itself,  and  that  way  too  the  road  happens 
to  lead.  You  cross  the  Potomac  above  the  junction,  pass  along  its  side  through 
the  base  of  the  mountain  for  three  miles,  its  terrible  precipices  hanging  in  frag- 
ments over  you,  and  within  about  20  miles  reach  Fredericktown,  and  the  fine 
country  around.  This  scene  is  worth  a  voyage  across  the  Atlantic.  Yet  here, 
as  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Natural  Bridge,  are  people  who  have  passed  their 
lives  within  a  half  dozen  miles,  and  have  never  been  to  survey  these  monu- 


e 

8 
h 

c: 

fi 
ni 

hi 

th 

ai 

of 

of 

ov 

de 

it 

do 

be 
ro( 
th( 
lat 
le 
an^ 
sel 
lik 
sm 


sta 

we 

hi 

wa 

its 

On 

ver 


ing 

I 

our 

roo 

0f{ 

wat 
ena 
ofs 
1 
beai 
adi 


#^ 


^  Mil&it'i'iSi 


.;i^i^  'u 


m 


VIRGINIA. 


07 


•nnipuiiions 
,  what  was 
I'licf.  Tlic<y 
ijm  pircipi- 
iiiscir.  lie 
iiiU'/outtin^- 
3  labor,  lit! 
dcatli  arf)S(! 
cumc  dizzy, 

imcouragini^ 
if  saving  his 
not  yet  Ibr- 
icular.     lli« 
lurably  more; 
fust  growing 
,  his  way  n(jt 
ur  ;  and  in  a 
pole  from  llui 
lit  he  himsL'lf 
hing  the  spot, 

d  to  follow  in 

no  stands  far 

;•  folly." 

r.  JclFerson,  is 
nd  on  a  very 
iving  ranged 
On  "your  left 

)mcnt  of  their 
,  and  pass  olf 

inion  that  the 
■rwards;  that 
in  Ridge,  and 
lining  to  rise, 
ountain  down 
t  particularly 
avulsion  from 

impression. 

e  is  of  a  very 

i  as  placid  and 

being  cloven 
tch  of  smooth 
ling  you,  as  it 

,e  breach,  and 

road  happens 
[s  side  through 
[nging  in  frag- 
1,  and  the  line 
tic.  Yet  here, 
^e  passed  their 
tiiese  monu- 


ments of  a  war  between  rivers  and  mountains,  wliicli  must  have  shaken  tiM 
earlli  itself  to  its  centre. 

In  the  lime-stone  country  of  Virginia  there  nre  severul  caves  of  considerable 
extent.  The  most  remarkable  one  is  VVier's  Cave,  which  is  on  the  north  side  of 
the  Blue  Uidge,  and  on  the  south  Ibrk  of  the  JShcnandoah.  It  is  in  a  hill,  which  is 
about  'JOO  Icet  in  perpendicular  height,  and  so  steep  that  you  may  pilch  a  bis- 
cuit from  its  summit  into  the  n. which  washes  its  base.     It  was  discovered 

in  1H04.  Its  entrance  is  only  about  lUU  yards  from  tlmt  of  Madison's  Cave, 
anotlier  celebrated  cavern,  which,  though  it  has  been  much  longer  known,  is 
grejitly  interior  to  Wier's  Cave.  The  following  is  an  account  of  a  visit  to  this 
extraordinary  place. 

There  were  three  of  us,  besides  our  guide,  with  lighted  torches,  and  our  loins 
girded,  now  ready  to  descend  into  the  cave.  VVc  took  our  liglits  in  our  left 
hands,  and  entered.  The  mouth  was  so  small,  that  we  could  descend  only  by 
creeping  one  after  another.  A  descent  of  almost  20  yards  brought  us  into  the 
first  room.  The  cave  was  cold,  dark,  and  silent.  In  this  manner  we  proceeded, 
now  descending  30  or  40  feet — now  ascending  as  high — now  creeping  on  our 
hands  and  knees,  and  now  walking  in  large  rooms,  the  habitations  of  solitude. 

The  mountain  seems  to  be  composed  almost  wholly  of  lime-stone,  and,  by 
this  m(;ans,  the  cave  is  lined  throughout  with  the  most  beautiful  incrustations 
and  stJilactites  of  carbonated  lime,  which  are  Ibrnied  by  the  continual  dripping 
of  the  water.  These  stalactites  are  of  various  and  elegant  shapes  and  colors, 
ollen  bearing  a  striking  resemblance  to  animated  nature.  At  one  place  we  saw 
over  our  heads  what  appeared  to  be  a  waterfall  of  the  most  delightful  kind, 
descending  12  or  15  feet.  Nor  could  the  imagination  be  easily  persuaded  that 
it  was  not  in  reality  a  waterfall.  You  could  see  the  water  dashing  and  boiling 
down,  with  its  white  spray  and  foam,  but  it  was  all  solid,  carbonated  lime-stone. 

Thus  we  passed  on  in  this  world  of  solitude ;  now  stopping  to  admire  the 
beauties  of  a  single  stalactite ;  now  wondering  at  the  magnificence  of  a  large 
room ;  now  creeping  through  narrow  passages,  hardly  wide  enough  to  admit 
the  body  of  a  man ;  and  now  walking  in  superb  galleries,  until  we  came  to  the 
largest  room,  called  Washington  Hall.  This  is  certainly  the  most  elegant  room 
I  oversaw.  It  is  about  270  feet  in  length,  about  35  in  width,  and  between  30 
and  40  feet  high.  The  roof  and  sides  are  very  beautifully  adorned  by  the  tin- 
sels which  nature  has  bestowed  in  the  greatest  profusion,  and  which  sparkle 
like  the  diamond,  while  surveyed  by  the  light  of  torches.  The  floor  is  flat, 
smooth,  and  solid. 

I  was  foremost  of  our  little  party  in  entering  this  room,  and  was  not  a  little 
startled  on  approaching  the  centre,  and  by  my  small  light  seeing  a  figure  as  it 
were  rising  up  before  me,  out  of  solid  rock.  It  was  not  far  from  seven  feet 
high,  and  corresponded  in  every  respect  to  the  common  idea  of  a  ghost.  It 
was  very  white,  and  resembled  a  tall  man  clothed  in  a  shroud.  I  went  up  to 
it  sideways,  though  I  could  not  really  expect  to  meet  a  ghost  in  a  place  like  this. 
On  examination,  I  found  it  was  a  very  beautiful  piece  of  the  carbonate  of  lime, 
very  transparent,  and  very  much  in  the  shape  of  a  man.  This  is  called  Wash- 
ington's Statue. 

In  one  room  we  found  an  excellent  spring  of  water,  which  boiled  up,  slaked 
our  thirst,  sunk  again  into  the  mountain,  and  was  seen  no  more.  In  another 
room  was  a  noble  pillar,  called  the  Tower  of  Babel.  It  is  composed  entirely 
of  stalactites  of  lime,  or,  as  its  appearance  would  setim  to  suggest,  of  petrified 
water.  It  is  about  30  feet  in  diameter,  and  a  little  more  than  90  in  circumfer- 
ence, and  about  30  high.  It  would  appear  as  if  there  must  be  nmny  millions 
of  stalactites  in  this  one  pillar. 

Thus  we  wandered  in  this  world  within  a  world  till  we  had  visited  12  very 
beautiful  rooms,  and  as  many  creeping  places,  and  had  now  arrived  at  the  end, 
a  distance  fr^iTi  our  entrance  of  between  2,400  and  2,600  feet,  or  about  half  a 

N  , 


98 


VIRGINIA. 


n.> 


iiiii'ki.* 


i,! 


Ijii 


■liy 


Wi. 


W^  'ii 


Hi! 


m 


llll  «iii:!ffil'.  tip 


Literature. 


mile.  We  here  fuund  ourselves  e.\(;eedin}j;ly  tuligued  ;  but  our  torches  forbade 
our  delay,  and  we  oncf?  more  turned  our  lingeriiiff  stips  towards  the  coninion 
world.  When  arrived  again  at  Washington  llall,  one  of  the  company  three 
times  discharged  a  pistol,  whose  report  was  truly  dealening.  It  was  as  loud  as 
any  cannon  1  ever  heard,  and  as  its  sound  reverberated  and  (choed  through 
one  room  after  another,  till  it  died  away  in  distance,  it  seemed  like  the  moan- 
ings  of  spirits.  We  continued  our  wandering  steps  till  we  arrived  once  more 
at  daylight,  having  be(.'n  nearly  three  hours  in  the  cavern. 
Banks  in  Bank  of  Virginia  (incorporated  1804,)  at  Richmond,  with  branches 
1830.  at  Petersburg,  Norfolk,  Fredericksburg,  and  Lynchburg ;  Farmers' 
Bank  of  Virginia  (incorporated  181.3,)  at  Richmond,  with  branches  at  Norfolk, 
Petersburg,  Fredericksburg,  Lynchburg,  Winchester,  and  Danville;  Bank 
of  the  Valley,  at  VVinchester,  with  branches  at  Romney,  Charlcstown,  and 
Leesburg  ;  North-western  Bank,  at  Wheeling.  The  aggregate  amount  of  bank 
capital  is  $5,607,000.  The  Baidc  of  the  United  States  has  an  office  of  dis- 
count  and  deposit  at  Richmond  and  Norfolk. 

Besides  the  University  of  Virginia,  incorporated  in  1819,  and  estab- 
lished  at  Charlottesville,  Albemarle  county,  there  are  three  colleges 
in  this  state ;  William  and  Mary  college,  at  Williamsburg ;  Hampden  Sidney 
college,  in  Prince  Edward  county,  on  Appomatox  river ;  and  Washington  col- 
lege at  Lexington,  west  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  near  James  river.  Academies  and 
common  schools  are  also  established  in  several  towns.  This  state  has  jjro- 
duced  a  number  of  eminent  characters,  of  whom  Washington,  the  Great  and 
the  Good,  is  of  most  illustrious  memory.  It  has  furnished  four  of  the  presi- 
dents of  the  Union.  Education  is,  however,  generally  much  neglected,  particu- 
larly among  the  lower  classes.  This  state  has  a  Literary  Fund,  created  in  180'J, 
and  amounting,  in  available  capital,  according  to  a  late  report,  to  $1,510,689  71. 
The  income  during  the  year  1830  was  $71,887  94.  All  escheats,  confisca- 
tions,  and  derelict  property ;  also  all  lands  forfeited  for  the  non-payment  of 
taxes,  and  all  sums  refunded  by  the  national  government  for  the  expenses  of 
the  late  war,  have  been  appropriated  to  the  encouragement  of  learning.  Of 
the  interest  of  the  fund,  $15,000  are  annually  appropriated  to  the  University 
of  Virginia,  and  $45,000  to  the  education  of  the  poor  in  the  different  counties, 
according  to  the  ratio  of  white  population. 

Internal  im-     Thc  state  has  a  permanent  fund  devoted  to  the  purposes  of  internal 
provemcnt.  improvement  of  $1,418,961  11  ;  and  a  disposable  fund  of  $681,630; 
total  $2,100,591  11;  [of  this  about  $475,000  is  at  present  unproductive.] 
Annual  income  from  both  funds,  $121,836  75.     This  fund  is  managed  by  13 
directors,  styled  the  Board  of  Public  Works,  10  of  whom  are  chosen  annually 
by  the  legislature,  3  from  the  Trans-Alleghany  District,  2  from  the  Valley  Dis- 
trict, 3  from  the  Middle  District,  and  2  from  the  Tide-Water  District.     The 
governor,  treasurer,  and  first  auditor  of  the  state,  are,  ex  officio,  members.     In 
all  canals  and  roads  authorized  by  the  state,  this  fund  contributes  three-fifths 
of  the  stock.     The  Board  meets  annually  on  the  first  Monday  in  January,  and 
the  members  are  paid  $4  a  day,  and  20  cents  a  mile  for  travel. 
The  number  of  periodical  papers  in  1831  was  estimated  at  45. 
Reiieioiis       '^^^  Baptists  in  this  state  have  337  churches,  192  ministers,  and 
denomina-  39,440  communicants ;   the  Methodists,  77  preachers  and  27,947 
tiong,  1831.  jnembers;  the  Presbyterians,  104  churches,  75  ministers,  15  licenti- 
ates, and  7,508  communicants ;  the  Episcopalians,  45  ministers ;  the  Friends 
are  considerably  numerous,  and  there  are  some  Lutherans,  Roman  Catholics, 
and  Jews. 

The  first  permanent  English  settlement  formed  in  America  was 
made,  in  1607,  by  105  adventurers,  on  James  river,  in  this  state,  at 
a  place  named  Jamestown,  in  honor  of  James  I.  of  England.     Several  unsuc- 
cessful attempts  had  been  made  in  the  latter  part  of  the  preceding  century, 


jm^Si^^kk. 


VIRGINIA. 


09 


,  with  branches 
urg ;  Fiirincrs' 
hes  at  Norfolk, 
)unville;  Bank 
irlestown,  and 
mount  of  bank 
n  office  of  dis- 

819,  and  esfab- 
three  colleges 
impden  Sidney 
k'^ashington  col- 
Academies  and 
state  has  pro- 
,  the  Great  and 
ir  of  the  presi- 
fleeted,  particii- 
reatedin  180ti, 
$1,510,689  71. 
beats,  confisca- 
on-payment  of 
le  expenses  of 
learning.     Of 
the  University 
Perent  counties, 


during  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  in  Imnor  of  whom  the  country  was  nanoMl'" 

Virginia;  which  name,  though  now  limited  to  a  single  state,  iit  the  time  of  the 

settlement  was  applied  to  all  the  country  in  America  lying  between  lot.  84® 

and  45='  N.     The  early  history  ottho  colony  is  replete  with  int(>restfng  and 

aliecliiig  iiicidrnt.'s,  occasioned  by  dangers  and  calamities;  by  sickness,  want, 

and  coiitcsts  with  the  liidians. 

Hv  this  cdiislitiition  the  leirislativo  power  is  vested  in  a  sfiiatt?  and  ^     . 
1    •  ,.11  1  ■   1  •        .1         .11  'iM      I  <  I    \  Oiitlinetor 

a  h(>us<'  ot  delfgates,  which  are  together  styled  liie  deneral  Assem- iiicConiiiiu- 

biy  of  Virginia.  The  house  of  (Udegates  consists  of  iy4  members, '^'^".•^■jjg^'l- 
chosen  annually ;  31  from  the  26  counties  west  of  the  Alleghany 
mountains;  25  from  the  14  counties  between  the  Alleghany  mountains  and 
Ulue  Ri(]ge ;  42  from  the  29  counties  east  of  the  Blue  Kidge,  and  abfjve  tide- 
water ;  and  136  from  the  counties,  cities,  towns,  and  boroughs  lying  upon  tide- 
w.'iter.  The  senate  consists  of  32  members,  13  from  the  counties  west  of  the 
Blue  Itidge,  and  19  from  the  counties,  cities,  towns,  and  boroughs  east  thereof. 
The  senators  arc  elected  for  four  years ;  and  the  seats  of  one-fourth  of  them 
are  vacated  every  year.  In  all  elections  to  any  office  or  place  of  trust,  honor, 
or  profit,  the  votes  are  given  openly,  or  viva  voce,  and  not  by  ballot. 

A  reapportionment  for  representatives  in  both  houses,  is  to  take  place  every 
ten  years,  commencing  in  1841,  until  which  time  there  is  to  be  no  change  in 
the  number  of  delegates  and  senators  from  the  several  divisions  ;  and  after  1841, 
^  the  number  of  delegates  is  never  to  exceed  150 ;  nor  that  of  the  senators,  36. 

K^  The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor  elected  by  the  joint  vote  of  the 

two  houses  of  the  general  assembly.  He  holds  his  office  three  years,  com- 
mencing on  the  1st  of  January  next  succeeding  his  election,  or  on  such  other 
day  as  may  be,  from  time  to  time,  prescribed  by  law ;  and  he  is  ineligible  for 
the  three  years  next  after  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office. 

There  is  a  council  of  state,  consisting  of  three  members  elected  for  three 
years,  by  the  joint  vote  of  the  two  houses ;  the  seat  of  one  being  vacated  an- 
nually.    The  senior  counsellor  is  lieutenant-governor. 

The  judges  of  the  supreme  court  of  appeals  and  of  the  superior  courts  are 
elected  by  a  joint  vote  of  both  liouses  of  the  general  assembly,  and  hold  their 
offices  during  good  behavior,  or  until  removed  by  a  concurrent  vote  of  both 
houses;  but  two-thirds  of  the  members  present  must  concur  in  such  a  vote,  and 
the  cause  of  removal  be  entered  on  the  journals  of  each  house. 

The  right  of  suffrage  is  extended  to  every  white  male  citizen  of  the  common- 
wealth, resident  therein,  aged  21  years  and  upwards,  who  is  (jualified  to  exer- 
cise the  right  of  sutfrage  according  to  the  former  constitution  and  laws ; — or 
who  owns  a  freehold  of  the  value  of  $25 ;  or  who  has  a  joint  interest  to  the 
amount  of  $25  in  a  freehold  ; — or  who  has  a  life  estate  in,  or  reversionary  title 
to,  land  of  the  value  of  $50,  having  been  so  possessed  for  six  months ;  or 
who  shall  own  and  be  in  the  actual  occupation  of  a  leasehold  estate,  having  the 
title  recorded  two  months  before  he  shall  oiVcr  to  vote — rjf  a  term  originally  not 
less  than  fivp  years,  and  of  the  annual  valu(.'  or  rent  of  $200; — or  who,  for 
twelve  months  befon;  offering  to  vote,  has  been  a  house-keeper  and  head  of  a 
fiimily,  and  shall  have  been  assessed  with  a  part  of  the  revenue  of  the  com- 
monw(>alth  within  tli(>  jireceding  year,  and  actually  paid  the  same. 

It  was  enacted  by  the  legislature,  tliat  the  state;  elections  for  the  year  1831 
should  be  held  in  the  month  of  August,  on  the  respective  court  days  in  the  dif- 
ferent  counties,  and  for  all  future  years,  in  the  month  of  April ;  that  the  elec- 
tion for  members  of  congress  should  be  held  in  1830,  in  August,  and,  after- 
wards, every  second  year,  in  April ;  that  the  election  of  electors  of  president 
and  vice-president  of  the  United  States  should  he  held  every  fourth  year  on  the 
1st  Monday  in  November ;  that  the  legislature  should  meet  hereafter  on  the  1st 
Monday  in  December ;  that  the  term  of  the  office  of  governor  should  commence 
on  the  31st  of  March ;  that  the  lieutenant-governor,  while  acting  as  governor, 


*^''^ 


m. 


lUU 


NORTH  l'.\l{OI,Ii\A. 


•hou}d  receive  the  same  c'.oni|)ensaticin  us  tlic  {/overnor ;  uiid  that  the  salaries 
of  the  oflicers  of  Iho  executive  department  should  remain  the  same  as  heretofore. 

Tht  governor's  annual  salary  is  $3, 333 J. 

This  state  sends  ii  1  representatives  to  coigress. 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 


.- 1  ' 


ARMS  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA. 


North  Carolina  is  bounded  N.  by  Virginia  ;  E.  l.y  the  Atlantic;  S.  by 
South  Carolina  and  Georgia,  and  W.  bv  Tennessee.  It  extends  from  lat.  33° 
50'  to  86"  30'  N.  and  from  long.  6°  20'  W.  to  P  33'  E.  and  contains  48,000 
square  miles. 


TABLE  OF  THC  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

CountieB. 

Pop.  1H20. 

Top.  ISIIO. 

Coiiiity  Towns. 

Dist.  Irniii 
Ralfish. 

Anson 

s 

12,ri34 

l'',081 

Wuclesborough 

134 

Ashe 

nw 

4,335 

0,991 

JefIer.sonton 

205 

Beaufort 

e 

9,850 

10,949 

Washington 

122 

Bertie 

em 

10,805 

12,276 

Windsor 

130 

Bladen 

s 

7,276 

7,801 

Elizabcthtown 

99 

Brunswick 

s 

5,480 

6,523 

Smithville 

178 

Buncombe 

w 

10,542 

16,259 

Ashville 

259 

Burke 

w 

13,412 

17,727 

Morgantown 

199 

Cabarraa 

wm 

7,248 

8,796 

Concord 

141 

Camden 

ne 

6,347 

6,721 

New  Lebanoh 

201 

Carteret 

€ 

5,609 

6,607 

Beaufort 

166 

Caswell 

n 

13,253 

15,188 

Caswell  C.  H. 

93 

Chatham 

m 

12,661 

15,499 

Pittsborough 

33 

Chowan 

ne 

6,464 

6,688 

Edenton 

155 

Columbus 

s 

3,912 

4,141 

Whitesville 

138 

Craven 

€ 

13,394 

14,325 

Newbern 

120 

Cumberland 

m 

14,446 

14,824 

Fayetteville 

61 

Currituck 

ne 

8,098 

7,654 

Currituck 

211 

.\oirni  CAiior.iNA. 


101 


it  the  salaries 
as  heretolbrt'. 


antic ; 

S.  bv 

rom  lat.  33° 

tains  4 

18,000 

at.  triiiii 

alfiffh. 

1:H 

205 

122 

130 

99 

178 

, 

259 

199 

141 

201 

' 

166 

93 

33 

55 

38 

20 

61 

ill 

TABI.i:  OF  ' 

rilK  COr.NTlKS  AM)  (•Oir.NTY  TOWJNS.— f.o/i/iHMt«i. 

('olllltlfH. 

Top   l-^JO 

I'np.  l-:i(). 

Coiiiily  Towiis 

Dixt.  triiin 
Haloiuh. 

110 

Davidson 

V'ln 

13,421    j 

Lexington 

Duplin 

,vn 

0,741 

11  '$73 

Kcnansville 

120 

Edgecomho 

711 

i;),-,'7(i  ' 

14,!);j3 

Tarboroiigh 

72 

Franklin 

mil 

»,7ll 

1I»,6G5 

Loiiisburg 

30 

Gates 

II  r 

6,h:j7 

7,'^66 

Gates  U.  11. 

241 

Granville 

II 

1^,2 -J  2 

19,343 

O.xionl 

47 

Greene 

m 

4,5;}3 

(),313 

?<now  Hill 

84 

Gn'llbrd 

wm 

14,511 

n,735 

Grcenslxjrough 

85 

Halifax 

n 

17,237 

17,738 

HalilJi.x 

86 

Haywood 

w 

4,073 

4,593 

Haywood  C.  H. 

295 

Hertford 

lie 

7,712 

«,541 

\Vinton 

129 

Hvdc 

e 

4,f)67 

6,177 

Lake  Landing 

207 

k 

Iradell 

«• 

13,071 

15,202 

Statesville 

146 

■ 

John.ston 

7/1 

9,607 

10,938 

.Smithfield 

27 

Jones 

se 

5,210 

5,628 

Tri'iiton 

140 

Lenoir 

in 

0,799 

7,635 

Kingston 

80 

Lincoln 

sir 

18,147 

22,625 

Lincolnton 

169 

Macon 

w 

5,390 

Franklin 

333 

Martin 

€W 

6,320 

8,544 

Williamston 

106 

Mecklenburg 

SW 

10,8«J5 

20,976 

Charlotte 

150 

Montgomery 

wm 

8,693 

10,918 

liawrenccville 

109 

Moore 

m 

7,128 

7,753 

Carthage 

69 

Nasi) 

m 

8,185 

8,492 

Nashville 

44 

New  Hanover 

se 

10,866 

10,759 

Wilmington 

149 

Northampton 

n 

13,242 

13,103 

Northani|).C.II. 

95 

Onslow 

St 

7,016 

7,814 

Onslow  C.  II. 

188 

Orange 

m 

23,492 

23,875 

Hillsborough 

41 

Pasquotank 

ne 

8,008 

8,016 

Elizabeth  City 

189 

Perquimans 

ne 

6,857 

7,417 

Hertford 

282 

Person 

n 

9,029 

10,027 

Ko.xborough 

60 

Pitt 

cm 

10,001 

12,174 

(ireenville 

97 

Randolph 

tcm 

11,331 

12,400 

Ashborough 

72 

Richmond 

s 

7,537 

9,326 

Rockingham 

113 

Robeson 

s 

8,204 

9,355 

Lumberton 

94 

Rockingham 

n 

11,474 

12,920 

VN'entworth 

108 

Rowan 

wm 

26,009 

20,796 

Salisbury 

118 

Rutherford 

SIC 

15,351 

17,557 

Rutherfordton 

223 

Sampson 

m 

8,908 

11,768 

Clinton 

96 

Stokes 

nw 

14,033 

16,196 

Salem 

127 

Surrey 

nw 

12,320 

14,501 

Rock  ford 

151 

Tyrrell 

e 

4,319 

4,732 

Columbia 

170 

Wake 

m 

20,102 

20,417 

Raleigh 

Warren 

n 

11,004 

10,916 

Warrenton 

57 

Washington 

e 

3,^6 

4,562 

Plymouth 

128 

Wayne 

m 

9,040 

10,902 

Waynesboro' 

51 

Wilkes 

nil' 

9,967 

11,942 

Wilkesborough 

175 

64         Total 

638,829 

73s,470— 246,462  are  sla 

ves. 

POPULATION 

AT  DIFFERENT  PERIODS. 

Population 

In  1790,  393,951 

. 

t  .                    '    i     '-    -.           »-  - 

Slaves. 

100,571 

1800,  478,103 

Increase  fr 

om  1790  to  1800,  84,152 

133,296 

1810,  555,500 

-      1800      1810,  77,397 

168,824 

1820,  638,829 

1810      1820,  83,329 

205,017 

1830,  738,470 

1820 

18.30,  99,641 

246, 

462 

WM 


m  1 


nmis 


w:.. 


103 


t'^ 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 


Alonn;  tli(!  whole  coast  of  North  Carolhui  is  a  ridgo  of  sand,  srparnlod  from 
the  main  land,  in  sonic  |tlaf(s  hy  narrow  sounds,  in  others  hy  broad  l)ays. 
The  passajff's  or  inlets  throuifh  it  am  shallow  and  dangerous,  and  Ocrucoke 
inlet  is  the  only  one  ufirth  of  ('ape  Fear,  through  which  vessels  pass,  fn  th<^ 
counties  on  the  sea-coast,  tlu;  land  is  low,  and  covered  with  extensive  swamps 
and  marshes,  and  li)r  (iO  or  H()  miles  from  the  shore  is  u  dead  level.  Keyoiifl 
this,  the  country  swells  into  hills,  and  in  the  most  western  ])art  rises  into  moun- 
tains. Coal  has  lately  Ix'cn  iiuuid  in  Chatham  county,  and  lead  ore  a  few  miles 
north  of  Raleigh.  'J'he  principal  rivers  urc  the  Chowan,  Hoanoke,  I'ainlico, 
Neuse,  Cape  Fear,  Yadkin,  Catawha,  and  Inroad.  IMost  of  the  produce  of 
North  Carolina  is  exported  from  tli(!  neighboring  states.  Not  n  single  point 
lias  yet  been  lijund  on  the  roast,  within  the  limits  of  tlie  state,  at  which  a  saii- 
and  commodious  jiort  could  lie  established.  Hitherto  the  productions  of  the 
northern  parts  of  the  state,  lying  on  the  Roanoke  and  its  branches,  and  also  on 
the  upper  parts  of  the  Tar  and  Neuse,  have  been  sent  to  the  markets  of  Virginia  ; 
and  the  trade  of  Broad  river,  the  Catawba,  and  the  Yadkin,  has  gone  to  tSouth 
Carolina.  The  principal  exports  arc  pitch,  tar,  turpentine,  lumber,  rice,  cotton, 
tobacco,  wheat  and  Indian  corn.  Tlu;  value  of  the  exports  from  the  ports  of 
North  Carolina  in  18i29  was  only  $564,000. 

In  the  level  parts  the  soil  gen(>rally  is  hut  indifferent.  On  the  hanks  of  some 
of  the  rivers,  however,  and  particularly  the  Roanoke,  it  is  remarkably  fertile ; 
and  in  other  parts,  glades  of  rich  swamp,  and  ridges  of  oak-land,  of  a  black 
and  fruitful  soil,  form  an  exception  to  its  general  sterility.  The  sea-coast,  the; 
sounds,  inlets,  and  lower  parts  of  rivers,  have  invariably  a  soft  muddy  bottom. 
That  part  of  the  state  which  lies  west  of  the  mountains,  is,  for  the  most  part, 
remarkably  fertile,  and  abounds  with  oak  trees  of  various  kinds,  walnut,  elm, 
line,  and  cherry  trees ;  the  last  of  which  grows  there  to  such  a  size  that  many 
of  them  are  three  feet  in  diameter.  The  soil  and  productions,  in  the  hilly 
country,  are  nearly  the  same  as  in  the  northern  states.  Wheat,  rye,  barley, 
oats,  and  flax,  are  the  crops  most  generally  cultivated,  and  seem  to  suit  well 
the  nature  of  the  soil.  Throughout  the  whole  state,  Indian  corn  and  pulse  of 
all  kinds  are  abundant.     Cotton  is  raised  in  considerable  quantities. 

Of  the  plains  in  the  low  country,  the  large  natural  growth  is  almost  univer- 
sally pitch  pine,  a  tall  and  beautiful  tree,  which  grows  here  to  a  size  far  supe- 
rior to  the  pitch  j)ine  of  the  northern  states.  This  valuable  tree  affords  pitch, 
tar,  turpentine,  and  various  kinds  of  lumber,  which,  together,  constitute  about 
one-half  of  the  exports  of  North  Carolina.  It  is  of  two  kinds,  the  common  and 
the  long-leaved.  The  latter  differs  from  other  pines,  not  in  shajie,  but  in  the 
length  of  its  leaves,  which  are  nearly  half  a  yard  long,  and  hang  in  large  clus- 
ters. The  trees  in  the  low  countries  both  of  North  and  South  Carolina,  are 
loaded  with  quantities  of  a  long,  spongy  moss,  which,  hanging  in  clusters  from 
the  limbs,  give  to  the  forests  a  singular  appearance.  The  misletoe  frequently 
engrafts  itself  upon  the  trees  in  the  back  country.  In  this  part  plums,  grapes, 
blackberries  and  straw  I  x^rries  grow  spontaneously;  also  several  valuable 
medicinal  plants,  as  ginseng,  Virginia  snake-root,  Seneca  snake-root,  and  some 
others.  The  rich  bottoms  are  overgrown  with  canes,  the  leaves  of  which  con- 
tinue green  through  the  winter,  and  aflord  goocTpasture  for  cattle. 

North  Carolina  is  far  removed  from  that  perfection  of  culture  which  is  neces- 
sary to  give  it  tlie  full  advantage  of  the  natural  richness  of  its  soil  and  the  value 
of  its  productions.  One  great  cause  of  its  backwardness  in  agricultural  im- 
provement, is  the  want  of  inland  navigation  and  of  good  harbors. 

The  gold  mines  of  North  Carolina,  which  have  lately  excited  much 
interest,  are  found  on  the  Yadkin  and  its  branches,  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Wadesborough  and  Salisbury,  and  extend  over  a  considerable  district, 
in  almost  any  part  of  which  gold  may  be  found  in  greater  or  less  abundance. 


Gold  mines. 


P 


.M 


.      H 


NOKTIl  (JAliULINA. 


103 


rpnrnlrd  frniri 
y  hrond  buys, 
iiiid  (Jcrju'dkc 
puss,  fll  llir> 
tisivt!  swamps 
'V<'|.  Hcyoiid 
es  into  niouii- 
rf!  a  f('\v  niilt's 
okc,  I'ainlico, 
0  produce  of 
11  siiif^lc  point 

which  a  sali- 
iictions  of  the 
?,  and  also  on 
s  of  Virtrinia ; 
2;one  to  Soulli 
r,  rice,  cotton, 

the  ports  of 

ifnks  of  some 
kably  fertile ; 
d,  of  a  black 
sea-coast,  the 
iiddy  bottom. 

0  most  part, 
walnut,  elm, 

ic  that  many 
in  the  hilly 
rye,  barley, 

1  to  suit  well 
ind  pulse  of 

most  univer- 
ze  far  supe- 
ffords  pitch, 
stitutc  about 
ommon  and 
?,  but  in  the 
1  large  clus- 
'arolina,  are 
lusters  from 
e  frequently 
ims,  grapes, 
al  valuable 
)t,  and  some 
which  con- 
ch is  neces- 
nd  the  value 
:;ultural  im- 

scited  much 
e  neighbor- 
ble  district, 
abundance. 


nil.\e( 


1  with  tliu  soil.     It  <^xisls  in  grains  or  masses,  from  almost  imperceptible 


vm 


particli's  to  lumps  of  two  pounds'  weight. 
The  first  account  of  gold  from  North  Carol 


gold  irom  iXirin  v  arolina,  on  the  records  of  the  mint  of 
fill"  I'liitcd  States,  occurs  in  l^l-l,  in  which  year  it  was  received  to  the 
amount  of  811,01)0.  It'conlinued  to  he  received  during  the  succeeding  jcnrs, 
until  iwyi  inclusive,  in  dillerent  (piantities,  but  less  than  that  of  1814,  and  on 
an  averatre  not  cxceedinLr  i^'-'jOOO  a  year.  In  1«'J5,  the  amount  received  was 
!»(17,000rin  l"^-'*,  •*'"-'0,0t)0 ;  in  \'^-21,  about  .*!-Jl,O00;  in  l^'-id,  nearly 
.$.l(i,O0O;  in  l^JO,  .«ir-."^,000  ;  and  in  1h;)0,  §•,'(»  1,000. 

These  mint's  are  very  extensive;  and  a  succession  of  gold  mines  has  been 
discovered  in  the  country  lying  to  the  east  of  the  Hlue  llidge,  extending  from 
the  vicinitv  f>f  the  river  I'otomac  into  the  state  of  Alabama.  'J'liese  mines  are 
now  wrougnt,  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  hi  the  states  of  Virginia,  North  Caro- 
lina, South  Carolina,  and  (Jeorgia. 

'i'he  Stati;  I'aidi  of  North  Carolina,  at  Raleigh,  with  six  branches;    BankH  in 
Cape  Fear  Itank,  at  Wilmington,  with  branches  at  Fayettevide,  Su-      ''^^• 
lem,  Charlotte,  and  Hillsborough;  Newbern  Hank,  at  Newlx-rn,  with  branches 
at  Ualeigh,  Halifax,  and  Milton.     The  amount  of  bank  capital  is  !8i;},'J00,000. 

Th(!  Hank  of  the  United  States  has  an  ollice  (jf  discount  and  deposit  at 
Fayetteville. 

The  principal  literary  institution  in  this  state  is  the  University  of  ^^ 

North  Carolina,  at  Cha|)el  Hill.  Academies  are  established  at  various 
places.  The  state  has  a  literary  fund,  arising  from  bank  dividends,  «S:c. 
amoimting  to  upwards  of  $70,000.  it  is  provided,  that  when  this  fund  shall 
have  accumulated  to  a  sulFicient  amount,  the  income  of  it  shall  be  divided 
among  the  several  counties,  in  proportion  to  the  free  population,  for  tlie  support 
of  common  schools. 

There  an;  12  periodical  presses  in  this  state. 

'I'lie  Bai)tists  in  this  state  have  14  associations,  272  churches,  139  „  ,.  .    ^ 
ministers,  and  15,530  communicants;  the  Presbyterians  have  126  dunniniiia- 
churches,  57  ministers,  9  licentiates,  and  5,907  communicants ;  the      """*• 
jMethodists,  32  preachers,  and  12,641  members  ;  tlie  Lutherans,  45  congrega- 
tions, 16  ministers,  and  1,888  communicants;  the  Fipiscopalians,  11  ministers; 
tlu;  United  brethren,  4  congregations,  and  1,727  members;  the  Friends  have  a 
number  of  societies. 

The  first  permanent  settlements  were  formed  about  the  middle  of 
the  seventeenth  century.     North  Canjlinu  was  long  united  under  the 
same  government  with  South  Carolina  :  it  was  for  many  years  called  the 
County  of  Albemarle,  or  the  County  of  Albemarle  in  Carolina,  and  about  the 
beginning  of  the  18th  century,  the  Colony  of  North  Carolina.     As  early  as 
1715,  it  had  a  separate  legislative  assembly,  at  which  Charles  Eden  was  gov- 
ernor;  and  in  the  year  1727,  it  was  formed  into  an  entirely  distinct  province. 
The  constitution  of  North  Carolina  was  agreed  to  and  resolved         .     . 
upon,  bv  representatives  chosen  for  that  purpose,  at  Halilax,  Decern-  and  eoveru- 
ber  18,  "l  776.  ""'"»• 

The  legislative  authority  is  vested  in  a  body,  styled  The  General  Assembly, 
consisting  of  a  senate  and  a  house  of  commons,  both  elected  annually  by  the 
people.  One  senator  and  two  members  of  the  house  of  commons  are  sent  from 
each  of  the  62  counties ;  and  one  of  the  latter  also  from  each  of  the  towns  of 
Edenton,  Newbern,  Wilmington,  Salisbury,  Hillsborough,  and  Halifax. 

The  chief  executive  officer  is  the  governor,  who  is  chosen  annually  by  a 
joint  vote  of  the  two  houses  ;  and  he  is  eligible  for  3  years  only  in  6.  He  is 
assisted  by  an  executive  council  of  seven  members,  chosen  annually  by  a  joiiit 
vote  of  the  two  houses.  In  case  of  the  death  of  the  governor,  his  duties  devolve 
upon  the  speaker  of  the  senate. 


^      .      ,       *!•> 


■^*id' 


104 


SOUTH  (•AIi<.)IJNA. 


ml 


mm 


Thn  judges  of  the  sii|ir(rii''  mid  sii|)(,Tior  courls  aiu  {iiipuintcd  Ly  a  juint  vote 
of  the  two  lioiiscs,  (111(1  liold  llnir  ollicts  (iiiriiiL''  f^'.nd  luliiivinr. 

Tho  roiiKtitution  ^rniifs  the  ri;;lit  ofvutiii^  lipi-  iik  iiiIkts  oftlif  luiusf  of  com. 
moiiH  to  all  fn^c'iiicii  of  the  auo  of  yi  years,  wlio  have  b«'en  iidialiilnnfs  of  any 
one  «'oiinty  within  the  state  twelve  months  iniin('diate|yi)reeediriLr  tiie  dav  of  unv 
election,  and  h.ive  paid  |)id)lie  taxes;  I  iil  in  order  to  he  (ntitled  to  vot(3  lor 
senators,  they  must  he  possessed  of  a  iVt'ehold  of  5U  acres  of  land. 

The  governor's  ainnial  salary  is  !5!:.',(Jt)(l.  'J'hia  state  sends  llj  representa- 
tives to  congress. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


ARMS  OF  SOUTH  CAUOLINA. 

Length,  188  miles;  breadth,  160:  containing  30,000  square  miles.  Be- 
Iween  32°  2'  and  3.5^^  10'  N.  long,  and  between  1°  45'  and  <P  15'  W.  long. 
Bounded  N.  and  N.  E.  by  North  Carolina  ;  S.  E.  by  tlio  Atlantic;  and  S.  W. 
by  Georgia,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Savannah. 


TABLE  OF  THE  DISTRICTS  AND  SEATS  OF  JUSTICE. 


District^!. 


Srats  of  Justice. 


Hict.  Ir. 

Colnm- 

hilt. 


Abbeville 

Anderson 

Barnwell 

Beaufort 

Charleston 

Chester 

Chesterfield 

Colleton 

Darlington 

Edgefield 

Fairfield 

Georgetown    e 

Greenville  nw 

Horry  ne 

Kershaw       m 


nw 

nw 

sw 

s 

se 
n 
n 
sc 
ne 
w 
m 


Abbeville 
Anderson  C.  H. 
Btirnwell  C.  II. 
Coosawhatchie 
Charleston 
Chester  C.  11. 
Chesterf  Id  C.  H, 
VValterborough 
Darlington  C.  H. 
Edgefield  C.  H. 
Winnsborough 
Georgetown 
Greenville  C.  H. 
Conwayborough 
Camden 


KM) 

V2i) 

02 

147 

110 

57 

102 

93 

8« 

57 

29 

134 

117 

150 

33 


Districts. 


Lancaster  ii 
Laurens  wm 
Lexington  m 
Marion  ne 

Marlboro'  n 
Newberry  tcm 
Orangeb'gh  in 
Pickens  nw 
Richland  m 
Spartanburgh  n 
Sumter  m 

Union  n 

iWilliamsb'gh  e 
York 


Seats  of  Justice. 


Disi.  ft. 
Colum- 
bia. 


Lancaster  C.  H. 
l^aurens  C.  II. 
liOxington  C.  H. 
Marion  C.  H. 
Marlboro' CH. 
Newberry  C.  H. 
Orangeb'gh  CH. 
Pickens  C.  H. 
Columbia. 
Spartanb'ghC.H. 
Sumterville 
Unionville 
Kingstree 
York  C.  H. 


73 

79 

12 

115 

102 

45 

43 

157 

104 
44 

77 
86 
78 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


105 


a  joint  vutu             ^ 

• 

9 

P(^nilatioH  of  the  Districts  ami 

tthir  />jri.««i/js,  us  gin n  in  the 

usr  (jfcnni.              S 

Census  of  Ifi'M. 

ints  (if  Jiiiy              1 

Ablx^ville 

District^ 

2H,134 

(Jeorucfown     District 

19,943 

(liiy  nl'aiiy              9 

Anderson 

do 

17,170 

(ircicuvillc            do 

16,476 

to  v()t(3  lur              S 

Hnrnwi;ll 

do     " 

19,236 

Horry,                 dfr 

5,323 

'.S 

Clmrlcston 

Citu 

30,2H9 

Kershaw                do 

13,.545 

rcprcsfiitu-          ^M 

•     (;hnrl»'ston  Neck, 

10,054 

Lancaster,            do 

10,361 

iJh 

St.  Andrew 

's    Parish 

3,727 

Laurens,               do 

20,863 

I^H 

St.  John's  ( 

Joileton 

10,045 

Lexington,            do 

9,07(J 

^^B 

St.  Jmncs, 

(j(x)se  Creek, 

8,632 

Marion                  do 

11,208 

■H 

St.  Stephen's, 

2,416 

Marlborough,       do 

8,578 

^H 

Christ  Church, 

3,412 

Newl)crry,            do 

17,441 

^^H 

St.  Jnmes, 

Santee, 

3,743 

Orangeljurgh,       do 

18,455 

|f|H 

St.  Thomas  and  St.  Dennis,  3,055 

Pickens,                do 

14,475 

^H 

St.  Peter's 

Parish 

3,834 

Richland,              do 

11,465 

^         hB 

St.  Helena 

' 

8,799 

(V)lumiiia,          Totcn 

3,310 

^^1 

St.  Luke's, 

9,659 

Spartanburgh,  District         21,148 

^H 

Prince  William's 

9,040 

Sumter,                do 

28,278 

9H 

Chester, 

District 

19,182 

Union,                 do 

17,908 

9 

Chesterfield,        do 

8,472 

Washinpton,        do  _' 

13,728 

Colleton, 

do 

27,256 

Willianisburgh,   do 

9,015 

s^H 

Edgefield, 

do 

30,511 

York,                  do 

17,785 

'  ^'            I^H 

Fairfield, 

do 

21,546 

^B 

Total  popula 

lion,  581,^ 

[58.     Slaves,  315,665. 

^H 

Population  at  different  Periods. 

l^^^l 

Population. 

SlavM. 

j^H 

In  1790, 

249,073 

107,094 

j^H 

1800, 

345,591     Increase  from 

1790  to  1800,    96,.518 

146,151  ; 

1^1 

1810, 

415,115 

1800      1810,    69,524 

1  Qfi  Sfi.'i 

±  i7\J^tJ\JtJ 

^H 

1820, 

502,741 

1810     1820,    86,626 

258,475  ,   ■ 

^H 

1830, 

581,458 

1820     1830,    78,717 

315,365 

% 


miles.     Be- 

5'  W.  lon<f. 

and  S.  W. 


■ 

(Disl.  fr. 

1. 

Uolum- 

bin. 

, 

l.i 

70 

I. 

12 

115 

102 

I. 

45 

i. 

43 

157 

i. 

104 

44 

77 

86 

78 

The  distinguishing  virtues  of  the  Carolinians  are  hospitality  to  strangers,  und 
charity  to  the  indigent  and  distressed.  The  planters,  who  in  general  have  large 
incomes,  live  in  a  luxurious  and  splendid  stylo,  devoting  much  of  their  time  to 
the  pursuit  of  pleasure,  and  possessing  much  of  that  pride  and  dignity  of  spirit 
which  characterize  an  independent  country  gentleman.  The  virtues  of  the 
farmers  of  the  upper  country  arc  less  brilliant,  but  more  .substantial.  They 
have  fewer  vices,  are  of  more  frugal  and  industrious  habits,  and  exhibit  greater 
fortitude  in  the  reverses  of  fortune.  Labor  in  the  lower  country  is  performed 
almost  entirely  by  slaves. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Waccamaw,  Pcdee,  Black  River,  Santee, 
CoojXir,  Ashley,  Stono,  Edisto,  Ashepj)o,  Cambahce,  Coosaw,  Broad,  and 
Savannah. 

South  Carolina  is  divided  by  nature  into  two  parts,  which,  from  their  physi- 
cal situation,  have  been  called  Upper  and  Lower  Carolina.  The  latter  is 
supposed  to  have  once  been  under  the  dominion  of  the  ocean.  Towards  the 
coast  the  country  is  a  level  plain,  extending  more  than  100  miles  westward 
from  the  sea.  Here  the  eye  finds  no  relief  from  the  dull  uniformity  of  bound- 
less forests,  swamps,  and  level  fields.  This  fatiguing  plain  is  succeeded  by  a 
curious  range  of  little  sand-hills,  exactly  resembling  the  waves  of  an  agitated 
sea.  This  singular  country  occupies  an  extent  of  about  60  miles.  It  is  ex- 
tremely barren,  enlivened  here  and  there  by  spots  of  verdure,  or  by  some 
straggling  pines ;  and  its  few  inhabitants  earn  a  scanty  subsistence  by  the  cul- 
tivation of  corn  and  sweet  potatoes.  After  passing  these  sand-hilts,  we  come 
next  to  a  remarkable  tract  of  ground,  called  the  Ridge,  wjiich,  on  its  approach 

O 


100 


SOUTH  CAUOUNA. 


mm 


fV'i 


from  th<;  wti,  is  lofty  firiil  liold,  luit  on  llu;  north-west  is  level  from  its  summit. 
This  iy  II  line  k'lt  of  land,  extendin;,'-  from  the  Siivaiumh  to  lUond  River,  fertile, 
well  cultivated,  and  watered  by  considerahh;  streams.  The  country  beyond 
this  rid^e  reseniMes,  in  its  scenery,  the  most  interestin<;  of  the;  northern  states. 
The  traveller  is  ;^ratilied  liy  iIk;  pleasnnt  alternation  of  hill  and  dale  ;  the  lively 
verdure  of  the  hills  is  eontnusted  with  tlu;  deeper  tints  of  the  extensive  forests, 
which  decorate  their  sides;  and  in  the  valleys  broad  rivers  roll  their  streanis 
throui^h  th(!  varied  beauties  of  luxuriant  and  cultivated  fields.  From  these  do. 
lij^htful  re;^'ions  tlu!  j^roiuid  still  continues  to  rise  till  we  reach  the  western  limit 
of  the  state.  Ileif;  7  or  H  niouiitains  run  in  regular  direction,  the  most  distin- 
guished of  which  is  Table  Mountain ;  other  nicjuntains  are  Oolenoy,  Oconee, 
Paris',  (jilassey,  lloghack,  and  Kiiii^'s.  These  arc  all  in  the  districts  of  Pen- 
dleton, (Jreenvillt!,  Spartanburg,  and  York. 

The  soil  of  South  Carolina  is  divided  into  0  classes :  1.  Tide-swamp.  2. 
Inland  swamp.  Ji.  Iliifh  river  swamp,  or  low  grounds,  distinguished  by  tluj 
name  of  second  low  grounds.  4.  Salt  marsh.  5.  Oak  ar  I  hickory  high  land. 
6.  Pine  barren.  The  lirst  two  classes  are  peculiarly  adapted  to  the  culture  of 
rice  and  hemp;  th(^  third  is  most  favorable  to  the  gnjwth  of  hemp,  corn,  and 
indigo.  The  salt  marsh  has  Ixjen  much  neglected.  The  oak  and  hickory  land 
is  n.'markably  fertil(>,  and  well  adapted  to  the  culture  of  corn,  as  well  ns  indigo 
and  (;otfnn.  Tile  pine-barren,  though  the  least  productive,  is  so  much  morn 
salubrious  than  the  other  soils  in  the  low  country,  that  a  proportion  of  pine- 
barren  is  an  appendage  indispensably  necessary  to  every  swamp  plantation. 

The  sta|)Ie  conmioditics  of  this  state  are  cotton  and  rice,  of  which  great 
quantities  are  aimuidly  exported.  These  articles  have  so  engrossed  the  atten- 
tion of  the  planters,  that  the  culture  of  wheat,  barley,  oats,  and  other  crops 
equally  useful,  but  less  profitable,  has  been  almost  wholly  neglected.  So  littlo 
wheat  is  raised  throughout  the  state,  that  considerable  quantities  are  annually 
imported.  Cotton  was  not  raised  in  any  considerable  quantities  till  as  late  as 
1795.  Before  that  period  indigo  was,  next  to  rice,  the  most  important  article 
of  produce ;  but  it  is  now  neglected.  Tobacco  thrives  well.  The  exports,  in 
1829,  amounted  to  $9,179,409.  The  fruits  which  flourish  best  are  pears, 
pomegranates,  and  water-melons ;  the  latter,  in  particular,  grow  to  an  enor- 
mous size,  and  ai-e  superior  perhaps  to  any  in  the  world.  Other  fruits  are  figs, 
apricots,  nectarines,  apples,  peaches,  olives,  almonds,  and  oranges. 

The  period  of  vegetation  comprehends,  in  favorable  yeai's,  from  7  to  8 
months,  commencing  in  January  or  February,  and  terminating  in  October  or 
November.  The  frosts  generally  in  the  months  of  November,  December,  Jan- 
uary, and  February,  are  too  severe  for  the  delicate  productions  of  more  southern 
latitudes.  The  low  country  is  seldom  covered  with  snow ;  but  the  mountains 
near  the  w(!stern  boundary  arc  often  mantled  in  that  wintry  robe.  Frost  some- 
times binds  up  the  earth,  but  seldom  penetrates  deeper  than  two  inches,  or  lasts 
longer  than  three  or  four  days.  At  some  seasons,  and  particularly  in  Feb- 
ruary, the  weather  is  very  variable.  The  temperature  has  been  known  to  vary 
46  degrees  in  one  day.  In  Charleston  for  seven  years  the  thermometer  was 
not  known  to  rise  above  93  degrees,  or  to  fall  below  17  above  0.  The  number 
of  extreme  hot  days  in  Charleston  is  seldom  more  than  30  in  a  year ;  and  there 
are  about  as  many  sultry  nights,  in  which  the  heat  and  closeness  of  the  air  arc 
such  as  to  prevent  the  enjoyment  of  sound  sleep. 

The  low  country  is  infested  with  all  the  diseases  which  spring  from  a  warm, 
moist,  and  unelastic  atmosphere.  Of  these  the  most  frequent  are  fevers,  from 
which  the  inhabitants  suffer  more  than  from  any,  or  perhaps  from  all  other  dis- 
eases together.  The  districts  of  the  upper  country  enjoy  as  salubrious  a  cli- 
mate as  any  part  of  the  United  States. 

The  Santee  Canal,  22  miles  long,  forms  a  junction  between  the  Santee  and 
the  Cooper  river,  which  flows  into  Charleston  harbor ;  and  it  rpens  to  the  city 


I 


I 


•'A 


ti 


its  summit, 
{ivor,  fertile, 
ntry  beyond 
thorn  statrs. 
3 ;  the  lively 
:isive  forests, 
heir  streams 
oni  these  do- 
ATfHtcrn  limit 

most  distill- 
tioy,  Oconct', 
ricts  of  Pen- 

u-swamp.  '-'. 
ished  by  tlic 
ry  high  land, 
he  culture  of 


np 


corn,  niul 


hickory  land 
/veil  as  indif^i) 
»  much  mort! 
rtion  of  pi  no- 
plantation. 

which  great 
sed  the  atten- 
i  other  crops 
:ed.  So  littlo 
are  annually 
ill  as  late  as 
)ortant  article 
le  exports,  in 
are   pears, 

to  an  enor- 
ruits  are  figs, 

rom  7  to  8 

October  or 
cember,  Jan- 
[lore  southern 
16  mountains 

Frost  some- 
ches,  or  lasts 
irly  in  Feb- 
lown  to  vary 
nometer  was 
The  number 
;  and  there 

fthe  air  arc 

•om  a  warm, 
fevers,  from 
ill  other  dis- 
ibrious  a  cli- 

Santee  and 
I  to  the  city 


Ay 
•a 


SOUTH  CAROLINA.  107 

the  commerce  of  the  interior  of  South  iind  iNortli  Carolina.  A  rail-mnd  from 
Charleston  to  Hamburg,  on  the  Suvaiiimli,  nppdsite  to  Augusta,  1.10  miles  long, 
i.j  now  in  progn'ss.  Scivera!  miles,  extendiiii,'  from  ClmrleMtr)u,  were  com- 
pleted in  18.M(),  and  a  locomotive  stcain-car  has  bc-en  plaetd  upon  it,  moving  at 
the  rate  of  15  miles  an  hour. 

Gold  is  found  in  ronsiderable  quantities;  the  amount  reccivcii,  at  the  United 
Staf(!3'  mint,  ifi  1h3(),  frotn  liiis  state,  was  igCiO.UOO. 

There  arc  9  l)anks  and  branches  of  batiks  in  this  stat(> ;  (i  at  Charleston,  1 
at  Columbia,  1  at  (Jeorgetown,  and  I  at  CamiU'n. 

The  principal  literary  institutions  of  this  state  are  the  College  of 
South  Carolina,  at  ('olumbia,  and  Charleston  Colleirc,  in  Charleston. 
The  college  of  South  Carr)lkna  has  iK'en  built  and  supported  by  the  state  legis- 
lature; and  the  stun  of  tiearly  !$'JUO,(K)0  has  been  expeiith-d  iipoti  the  luiildings, 
library,  philosf)phical  apparatus,  imd  (X'casional  repairs.  In  additinti  to  this, 
the  legislature  makes  an  annual  appropriation  of  abotit  $15,000  to  dtifray  the 
expenses  of  the  institution ;  and  it  also  sitj)|)orts  two  iK^ncticiaries  at  the  collt.-ge, 
at  the  annual  expense  of  $260  each. 

The  legislature  makes  an  annual  appropriation  of  nearly  $40,000  far  the 
stipport  of  free  schools.  The  Commissioners  of  Free  Sch(X>ls,  Jit  the  session 
of  the  legislature,  in  1828,  reported  that  840  schools  were  established  through- 
otit  the  state,  in  which  9,036  scholars  were  instructed,  at  the  expense  of 
$39,716.     The  annual  appropriation,  in  1829,  was  $37,200. 

The  number  of  periodical  presses  in  1831,  was  15. 

The  Methodists  in  this  state  have  54  preachers  and  25,114  mem-  ng,j  )„„, 
bers;  the  Baptists,  6  associations,  159  churches,  131  ministers,  and  donomina- 
12,316  communicants;  the  Presbyterians,  77  churches,  46  ministers,     "°"* 
7  licentiates,  and  6,671  communicants ;  the  Episcopalians,  34  ministers ;  there 
are  also  some  Associate  Presbyterians,  Lutherans,  Roman  Catholics,  and  Uni- 
tarians. 

This  state,  together  with  North  Carolina  and  Georgia,  was  first  granted  to 
the  earl  of  Clarendon  and  others,  by  Charles  11.,  in  1663;  and  the  first  per- 
manent settlement  was  made  at  Charleston,  in  1680. 

South  Carolina  was  for  a  considerable  time  the  scat  of  the  revolutionary 
war ;  and  Charleston  and  Camden,  also  the  places  named  Eutaw  Springs  and 
Cowi)ens,  were  rendered  memorable  by  warlik(>  nchievements. 

The  first  constitution  of  this  stutf;  was  liirined  in  1775;  the  c„„gijm. 
present  constitution  was  adopted  in  1790.  The  legislative  authority  tion  nnd  (fo- 
is  vested  in  a  General  Assembly,  consisting  of  n.  Senate  and  a  House  *'*""'"«"'• 
of  Representatives.  The  senate  consists  of  45  niemters,  who  are  elected  by 
districts  for  four  years,  one  half  being  chosen  biennially.  The  house  of  repre- 
sentatives consists  of  124  members,  who  aro  apportioned  among  the.  several 
districts,  according  to  the  number  of  white  inhabitants  and  taxation;  and  are 
elected  for  two  years.  The  rcj)resentativrs  .-md  one  half  of  tlie  senators  aro 
chosen  every  second  year,  on  the  second  Monday  in  October  and  the  day  fol- 
lowing. 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  for  two  years, 
by  a  joint  vote  of  the  senate  and  house  of  represetitatives,  at  every  first 
meeting  of  the  house  of  representatives.  A  governor,  after  having  perform- 
ed the  duties  of  t%  office  for  two  years,  cannot  be  re-elected  till  after  the 
expiration  of  four  years.  At  the  time  of  the  elrsction  of  governor,  a  lieu- 
tenant-governor is  #iosen  in  the  satno  manner,  and  for  the  same  period. 
The  general  assembly  meets  annually,  at  Cclittnbia,  on  the  fourth  Monday  in 
November.  The  chancellor  and  judges  are  appointed  by  the  joint  ballot  of 
the  senate  and  house  of  representatives,  and  hold  their  offices  during  good  be- 
havior. The  constitution  grants  the  right  of  suftrage  to  every  free  white 
male  citizen,  of  the  age  of  21  years,  having  resided  in  the  state  two  years  pre- 


108  _  (;i«:()iujiA. 

vious  ti»  tli(3  (iuy  of  r'lcrtion,  nml  Imviii^  Imh-u  p«iss«'H8cil  »»f  a  fn'rhold  of  80 
acres  of  liiii«l,  or  a  fnwii  lot,  iit  Ird.st  six  iimntlis  ln-rnrr  Hurli  cifffidn,  or  (not 
having  .sufli  rr«H-lioI(l  or  town  lot)  havin;;  iKrti  a  ri-sidcnf  in  llio  ejection  district 
in  wWu'h  lie  olUrfl  liim  voto,  six  iiKinlliM  iM'forr-  said  clcrtidh,  nml  Imvin^  paid  a 
tnx  llir  pncfdiii^  yrar  of  .'J.».  Ntcrlin;,'  towards  the  support  of  the  govcrnnn'iif. 

Thn  povpinor's  nniiiiai  salary  is  :\,M{)  dollJars. 

South  C-'arolina  semis  i)  reproBcntutiveH  to  congress. 


GEORGIA. 


F*.    T: 


ARMS  OF  CF,ORC;iA. 
Lenotu,  800  miles  ;    breadth,  200  :   contuininir  51^,000  square  miles.     Be- 
tween 30°  19'  and  ;?r)=  N.  L.  and  li"  Tr2'  and  8°  47'  W.  L.    Bounded  north  by 
Tennessee  and  North  Carolina ;  north-east  by  S<Mith  ('arolina  ;  south-cast  by 
the  Atlantic;  south  by  Florida;  and  west  by  Alabama. 


TABI.K  OF  THK  COl.NTIKS  AND  COUNTY  '1X)WNS. 

■  Count 

ies. 

Wliitc*. 

Colored. 

184 
276 

Tnlol  Pop. 

1,468 
1,253 

Comity  Town*. 

Diotanct! 

fr.  Mil- 

Imlgevilln. 

Appling 
Baker 

S7n 

1,284 
977 

Appling  C.  H. 
Byron 

125 
155 

Baldwin 

m 

2,724 

4,565 

7,289 

MiLLEDOEVILLE 

Bibb 

m 

4,138 

3,005 

7,143 

Macon 

35 

Bryan 
Bullock 

se 
em 

,      723 
1,933 

2,416 
653 

8,139 
2,586 

Bryan  C.  H. 
Statesboraugh 

117 

Burke 
Butts 

e 

nm 

5,066 
3,225 

6,767 
1,687 

11,833 
4,912 

Wayneswough 
Jackson* 

37 
51 

Camden 

sc 

1,458 

3,120 

4,578 

JefibrsqMon 

212 

Campbell 
Carroll 

nw 
nw 

2,694 
2,723 

629 
696 

3,323 
3,419 

CampbMton 
CarrolHon 

134 
153 

Chatham 

e 

4,325 

9,905 

14,230 

Savannah 

167 

Clarke 

nm 

5,438 

4,738 

10,176 

Watkinsville 

69 

Columbia 

nm 

4,471 

«,135 

12,606 

Applingville 

93 

9 


old  of  80 
r  (not 


»n,  <) 


ion  uiHtru't 
n^  pnid  n. 
criniKiit. 


miles.  Re- 
led  north  by 
outh-oast  hv 


DiHtaricb 

fr.  Mil 

IndnevillR. 


125 
155 


Mi 


:55 

35 

i 

117 

"  '-^1. 

37 

51 

212 

» 

134 

153 

167 

R 

69 

93 

CEOIKJIA. 


\m 


TAULK  or  Tliii  COUNl'IKS  AND  (  OIN  ly  'I\)WISH-(«n/iiii«ff/. 


CtmnilM. 


Whitp*. 


('owvtn  «ir 

rrnwioi'il  frm 

Drcatur  *»' 

Dckall)  nir 

Dooly  irm 

I'/iiriy  *"' 

i''lfini;hnn)  ( 

l-:ilK-rt  n 

IClllIllllU'l  ('»/ 

iMiyt'itt!  mr 

l'"ninklin  n 

(ilyiin  sr 

(Jrcciio  niu 

Ciwiiu'tt  «"■ 

IIiilxTshiun  n 

I  lull  nw 

Hancock  nm 

Harris  »r 

I  Icnry  nwm 

Hctuston  wm 

Irwin  am 

Jackson  n 

,Iasp<>r  in 

Jctlf-rson  cm 

loncs  m 

Laurens  m 

Lee  tcm 

Liberty  .«<■ 

Lincoln  nm 

Lowndes  s 

Madison  n 

Mcintosh  se 

Marion  wvi 

Meriwether  nw 

Monroe  m 

Montgomery  m 

Morgan  nm 

Muscogee  w 

Newton  nwm 

Oglethorpe  nm 

Pike  wm 

Pulaski  m 

Putnam  m 

Rabun  •       n 

Randolphi'f'  to 

Richmond  e 

Scrivcn    *>  e 

Talbot  w 

Taliaferro  nm 

Tatnall  cm 


»f- 


Colnriid. 


',\,rm 

•J, 541 

1,50". 
1,74« 
6,501 
2,l(iH 
4,2(W 
7,712 
597 
5,()2(» 
1(),9:H 
9,733 
10,573 
4,607 
2,H31 
7,991 
5,101 
1,060 
6,1  H4 
6,767 
3,603 
6,469 
3,1H8 
1,367 
1,588 
2,824 
2,113 
3,305 
1,095 
1,327 
3,018 
8,836 
934 
5,146 
2,261 
8,131 
5,554 
4,362 
3,117 
5,512 
2,114 
1,508 
5,163 
2,387 
3,839 
2,162 
1,519 


1,372 

1,7 -.'3 

l,:i07 

l,»71 
34^ 
546 

5,H53 
513 
1,233 
2,423 
3,970 
7,525 
2,2  s2 
915 
1,1  H2 
7,215 
2,274 
2,570 
2,208 
114 
2,816 
(},3(J4 
3,706 
6,873 
2,390 
307 
5,646 
3,313 
340 
1,261 
3,903 
109 
1,406 
7,366 
335 
6,877 
1,247 
3,023 
8,004 
1,694 
1,782 
7,744 
61 
683 
6,481 
2,389 
2,101 
2,770 
520 


Toinl  Pop. 

5,006 
5,31  I 

K^ot"; 
2.1 3r 


Cnunly  Towns. 


<l<  wiiinn 


Knnwille 

Itainliritji^i 

Dfcatur 


[U 


men 


2,051  illakely 
2,9()9jU'illoi({rhl)y 
12,354  KllHi-tna 
2,6^*l  'SwainslM)r(High 
5,50l!Fa\.-tteville 
10,I35(:arnesvill.! 
4,167  Hrunswiek 
12,551  ( Ireen.slHiroiifih 
13,220  Lawrencevillu 
10,04H(:iarksvillo 
11,755  (laiiie.svilli) 
11,822  Sparta 
5,105  Hamilton 
10.567  iMcDonousih 


7,369 
1,180 
9,000 

13,131 
7,309 

13,342 
5,578 
1,674 
7,234 
6,137 
2,453 
4,626 
4,998 
1,436 
4,424 

16,202 
1,269 

12,023 
3,508 

11,154 

13,558 
6,056 
4,899 

13,656 
2,175 
2,191 

11,644 
4,776 
5,940 
4,934 
2,039 


■rry 
rwin 


llt«iaiic« 

0  Mil 

l<-<l(nvillf> 


Irwin  C.  H. 

JeHerson 

Monticello 

fjoui.sville 

('linton 

Dublin  •.' 

Pindertown 

Riccborough 

liincolnton 

Kranklinville 

Daniclsville 

Darien 

Marion  C.  H. 

Greenville 

Forsythc 

Mount  Vernon 

Madison 

Columbus 

Covington 

Lexington 

Zebulon 

Hartford 

Eatonton      '''|'' 

Clayton 

Randolph  C.  H. 

Augusta 

Jucksonborough 

Talbotton 

Crawfordsville 

Perry's  Mills 


129 

60 
20(1 
117 

97 
227 

IHl 
101 

79 
187 
114 
200 

44 

93 
144 
123 

24 
134 

85  ■ 

60 

98 

35 

52 

22 

47 

130 

202 

100 

187 

92 

187 

174 

211 

60 

89 

44 

120 

60 

69 

86 

67 

22 

174 

170 

90 

144 

112 

47 

115 


S^'  ]"{>. 


1' 
f  ■  I  fa,*  ' 


■'  T  (• 


^ 


no 


GEORGIA. 


TABI.K 

OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS.— Continwxl. 

Diiitnncu 

Counti(!S. 

VVIifteg. 

Colored. 

Total  Pop. 

County  Towns. 

fr.  Mil- 
ledgHvillp, 

111 

Telfair 

m 

1,569 

567 

2,136 

Jacksonville 

Thomas 

3 

2,127 

1,169 

3,296 

Thomasvillc 

235 

Troup 

W 

3,007 

2,192 

5,799 

Lagrange 

133 

Twiggs 

m 

4,495 

3,534 

8,029 

Marion 

37 

Upson 

nwm 

4,444 

2,509 

7,013 

Upson  C.  H. 

87 

Walton 

nwm 

7,763 

3,168 

10,931 

Monroe 

72 

Ware 

s 

1,132 

G2 

1,194 

Waresboroiigh 

161 

Warren 

nm 

6,044 

4,«02 

10,846 

Warrcnton 

49 

Washington 

m 

5,905 

3,915 

9,820 

Sandersville 

27 

Wayne 

se 

676 

286 

962 

Waynesville 

190 

Wilkes 

nw 

5,265 

8,972 

14,237 

Washington 

64 

Wilkinson 
76     Total 

m 

4,603 

1,955 

6,558 

Irwinton 

20 

516,507 

Population  at  different  Periods. 


ti  1790, 
1800, 
1810 

Population. 

82,548 

162,686 

252,433 

.  348,989 

Increase  from  1790  to  1800, 
1  Ron      1  ft! 0 

80,138 

89,747 
88,456 

Slaves. 

29,264 

59,699 

105,218 

149,656 

1820, 

1810      1820, 

1880,     516,567 


1820      1830,     165,578     217,470 


Milledgeville  is  the  seat  of  government.  Savannah  and  Augusta  are  the 
largest  towns.  The  other  most  considerable  towns  are  Washington,  Louisville, 
Darien,  St.  Mary's,  Grecnsborough,  Petersburg,  and  Sparta. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Savannah,  Ogechee,  Altamaha,  Satilla,  Oak- 
mulgee,  Oconee,  St.  Mary's,  Flint,  Chatahoochce,  Tallapoosa,  and  Coosa. 

The  coast  of  Georgia  for  four  or  five  miles  inland  is  a  salt  marsh,  mostly 
uninhabited.  In  front  of  this,  towards  the  sea,  there  is  a  chain  of  islands  of  a 
gray  rice  soil,  covered  in  their  natural  state  with  pine,  hickory,  and  live  oak, 
and  yielding  on  cultivation  sea-islrnd  cotton.  The  principal  of  these  islands 
are  Wassaw,  Ossabaw,  St.  Catharine's,  Sapello,  St.  Simon's,  Jckyl,  and  Cum- 
berland. Back  of  the  salt  marsh  there  is  a  narrow  margin  of  land,  of  nearly 
the  same  quality  with  that  of  the  islands.  In  the  rear  of  this  margin  com- 
mences the  pine  barrens.  The  rivers  and  creeks  are  everywhere  bordered 
with  swamps  or  marsh,  which,  at  every  tide,  for  fifteen  or  twenty  miles  from 
the  coast,  are  either  wholly  or  partially  overflowed.  These  constitute  the  rice 
plantations.  The  pine  barrens  extend  from  60  to  90  miles  from  the  sea,  beyond 
which  the  country  becomes  uneven,  diversified  with  hills  and  mountains,  of  a 
strong,  rich  soil,  producing  cotton,  tobacco,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  other  kinds 
of  grain.  The  north-western  part  of  the  state  is  mountainous,  and  abounds  in 
sublime  and  picturesque  scenery. 

The  soil  of  Georgia  is  various ;  but  a  large  proportion  of  it  is  very  produc- 
tive. At  a  distance  from  the  sea  it  changes  frorn  gray  to  red ;  in  some  places 
it  is  gravelly,  but  fertile ;  and  farther  back  into  the  country  its  tint  is  gradually 
deepened,  till  it  becomes  what  is  called  the  mulatto  .soil,  consisting  of  black 
mould  and  red  earth.  This  sort  of  land  is  generally  strong,  and  affords  abun- 
dant crops  of  wheat,  tobacco,  corn,  &c.  It  is  succeeded  in  its  turn  by  a  soil 
that  is  nearly  black,  and  very  rich,  on  which  are  large  quantities  of  black 
walnut  and  mulberry. 

The  staple  commodities  of  this  state  are  cotton  and  rice,  of  which  great 
quantities  are  exported.  The  forests  afford  an  abundant  supply  of  fine  timber, 
consisting  chiefly  of  oak,  pine,  hickory,  mulberry,  and  cedar.     The  kinds  of 


f. 
« 


■'I 
4 

$ 


b 


iiiS:|i 


GEORGIA. 


Ill 


fruit  arc  mfilons  in  grcut  p(!rll-ction,  fiys  in  plenty,  oranges,  pomegranates, 
oliv<^s,  loinons,  liinos,  citrons,  p(  nrs,  and  pcarhos.  Tho  pine  barrens  produce 
grapes  of  largo  size  and  cxoollrnt  ilavor.  The  exports,  whicli  consist  chiefly 
of  cotton,  rice,  hiniher,  tobacco,  canes,  dccr-skins,  and  maize,  amounted,  in 
lb21),  to  4,981, 0.'W  dollars. 

Tlic  winters  in  (Jeorgia  are  mild  and  pleasant;  snow  is  seldom  seen,  nor  is 
vegetation  interrupted  by  severe  frosts.  The  thermometer  usually  fluctuates 
iK'tween  40  and  (iO  (l(\grees.  In  tlie  low  country,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  swamps, 
bilious  complaints  and  levers  are  very  common,  during  tho  months  of  July, 
August,  and  September.  At  the  approach  of  this  season,  the  rich  planters,  with 
their  families,  remove  either  to  the  s(>a  islands,  or  to  more  elevated  situations. 

There  arc  several  valuable  mineral  springs  in  this  state;  one  near  Washing- 
ton; one  in  Jellerson  county,  1^  miles  south-east  of  Louisville ;  and  another  in 
Madison  county,  live  miles  from  Danielsvillo. 

Two  considerable  tribes  of  Indians  reside  partly  within  the  chartered  limits 
of  this  slate;  tlu;  Cherokees  in  the  north-western  part,  and  the  Creeks  in  the 
western.  The  Cherokeei;  have  made  greater  advances  in  the  arts  of  civilized 
life  than  arty  other  tribe  of  North  American  Indians.  A  pro[)osition  to  remove 
them  to  the  west  of  the  Mississippi,  which  has  been  rc!ccntly  made,  has  excited 
a  deep  interest  throughout  the  country;  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  such  a  course 
will  Ik"  pursued  as'shall  be  consistent  at  once  with  justice  and  humanity, — with 
the  welfare  of  the  (-herokces,  and  the  honor  of  the  United  States.  "  Within 
the  last  20  years  the  Cherokccs  have  rapidly  advanced  towards  civilization. 
They  now  live  in  comfortable  houses,  chiefly  in  villages,  and  cultivate  large 
farms.  They  raise  large  herds  of  cattle,  which  they  sell  for  beef  to  the  inhab- 
itants of  the  neighboring  states." 

Gold  is  found  in  considerable  quantities  in  this  state.  The  amount  received 
from  Georgia,-  at  tho  United  States'  mint,  in  1830,  was  $212,000.  The  gold 
mines  which  have  been  discovered  arc  in  the  northern  part  of  the  stdte,  near 
the  sources  of  the  Catahooche,  Tallapoosa,  and  Coosa. 

There  arc  19  banks  and  branches  in  this  state,  4  at  Savannah,  4  at  Augusta, 
3  at  Millcdgcville,  1  at  Washington,  1  at  Daricn,  1  at  Jonesborough,  1  at  Eaton- 
ton,  3  at  Macon,  and  1  at  Columbus. 
Tho  state  penitentiary  is  at  Milledgevillc. 

Th(!  principal  literary  seminary  in  this  state  is  Franklin  College,  or  the  Uni- 
versity of  Georgia,  at  Athens,  which  has  funds  to  the  amount  of  $136,000,  of 
which  $100,000  are  invested  in  the  Bank  of  the  State  of  Georgia,  which  stock 
the  state  guaranties  to  yield  eight  per  cent,  per  annum. 

The  following  statement  relating  to  education  is  given  by  Mr.  Sherwood  in 
his  "  Gazetteer  of  Georgia." — "  There  are  about  80  incorporated  academies  in 
this  state,  64  of  which  have  been  brought  into  operation.     The  average  num- 
ber of  pupils  in  each,  is  47  =  3,008.     In  the  northern  and  southern  sections  of 
the  state,  there  arc  probably  5  common  schools  m  each  county ;  40  counties ; 
30  juipils  each  —6,000.     In  the  iniddic  section,  say  7  common  schools  in  each 
county;  25  counties  =5,250.     Total  number  of  pupils  in  the  academies  and 
common  schools,  14,258."     Tho  state  possesses  "Academy  and  Poor  School 
Fluids"  to  a  considerable  amount.     By  an  act  of  the  legislature  of  1792,  each 
county  academy  was  allowed  to  purchase  the  value  of  £1,000  of  confiscated 
property  :  1,000  ycres  of  land  in  each  county  were  granted  for  the  support  of 
schools ;  and  also  a  fund  of  $250,000,  to  be  vestcxl  in  stocks  for  the  same  purpose. 
In  1831  there  were  20  periodical  presses  in  this  state. 
The  Methodists,  in  this  state,  have  64  preachers,  and  27,038  mem-   j^^,.  ^^^ 
lx?rs;  the  Baptists,  12  associations,  390  churches,  205  ministers,  and  denomill*. 
31,797  communicants ;  the  Presbyterians,  55  churches,  31  ministers,     ''""■• 
and  3,034  communicants;  the  Episcopalians,  4  churches  and  4  ministers;  the 
Roman  Catholics,  3  churches  and  3  ministers. 


M 

iMBMlgW 

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113 


ALABAMA. 


Iliitory. 


The  first  English  settlement  of  Georgia  was  commenced  in  1733, 
at  Savannah,  by  general  Oglethorpe,  together  with  160  persons. 
„     The  first  constitution  of  Georcia  \v{is  formed  in  1777  :  u  seconu, 

Constitution.      ,___  i        i  •    i      i  •  •  •      ,-,/,-,      mi       i      • 

and  govern-  m  178o ;  and  a  third,  the  one  now  in  operation,  in  1798.  1  he  legis- 
meni.  jative  power  is  vested  in  a  senate  and  house  of  representatives,  which 
together  are  styled  the  General  Assembly.  The  members  of  both  houses  are 
chosen  annually  on  the  first  Monday  in  October.  One  senator  is  elected  for 
each  county,  and  the  number  of  representatives  is  in  proportion  to  population, 
including  three  fifths  of  all  the  people  of  color ;  but  each  county  is  entitled  to 
at  least  one,  and  no  one  to  more  than  four,  members.  The  executive  power  is 
vested  in  a  governor,  who  was  formerly  elected  by  the  general  asscntbly ;  but 
he  is  now  (and  ever  since  1824  elected  by  the  people  on  the  first  Monday  in 
October ;  and  he  holds  the  office  for  two  years.  Tlic  general  assembly  meets 
(at  Milledgeville)  on  the  first  Monday  in  November ;  unless  convened  at  another 
time  by  the  governor.  The  constitution  grants  the  right  of  suffrage  to  all 
"  citizens  and  inhabitants,  who  have  attained  the  age  of  21  years,  and  have 
paid  all  the  taxes  which  may  have  been  required  of  them,  and  which  they  may 
have  had  opportunity  of  paying,  agreeably  to  law,  for  the  year  preceding  the 
election,  and  shall  have  resided  six  months  within  the  county." 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  Superior  Court  and  in  sucii  inferior  juris- 
dictions as  the  legislature  may,  from  time  to  time,  ordain  and  establish  ;  and 
the  superior  and  inferior  courts  sit  twice  in  each  county  every  year.  The  judges 
of  the  Superior  Court  are  elected  by  the  legislature  for  three  years ;  the  justices 
of  the  inferior  courts,  and  justices  of  the  peace,  are  elected  quadriennially  by 
the  people ;  and  the  clerks  of  the  superior  and  inferior  courts  biennially. 

The  annual  salary  of  the  governor  is  3,000  dollars. 
!     This  state  sends  nine  representatives  to  congress.  ;    •         • 


•<ii_»n  .• 


-ui 


A    ... 


ALABAMA. 


Length,  280  miles;  breadth,  160  miles:  containing  46,000  square  miles. 
Between  30°  12'  and  35°  N.  latitude;  and  between  8°  and  11°  30'  W.  longi- 
tude from  Washington.  Bounded  north  by  Tennessee;  cast  by  Georgia; 
south  by  Florida,  and  west  by  the  state  of  Mississippi.  .    .        ,.  , 


.-'f 


■hH- 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Population. 

County  Towns. 

Dist.  from 
Tuscaloosa. 

Autauga 

m 

.  11,872 

Washington 

129 

Baldwin        ■' 

s 

2,324 

Blakely 

228 

Bibb 

in 

6,305 

(^entrevillc 

39 

Blount 

tim 

4,233 

Blountsville 

110 

Butler 

"^  am 

5,634 

Greenville 

143 

Clarke 

sm 

7,584 

Clarkesville 

146 

Conecuh 

s 

7,444 

Sparta 

205 

Covington 

s 

1,522 

Montezuma 

187 

Dale 

s 

2,021 

Dale  C.  H. 

242 

Dallas 

■    m 

14,017 

Cahawba 

96 

Fayette 

nm 

3,470 

Fayette  C.  H. 

50 

Franklin 

nw 

11,078 

Russelville 

127 

Greene 

wm 

15,026 

Erie 

47 

Henry 

se 

3,955 

Columbia 

260 

\y''  ■  'n:':i!tt'' 


ALABAMA. 


113 


:d  in  1733, 
;rsons. 
;  a  soconJ, 

The  legis- 
ives,  whicli 

houses  an; 
i  elected  for 

population, 
s  entitled  to 
ive  power  is 
icntbly;  hut 
:  Monday  in 
iinbly  int'cts 
d  at  another 
Trage  to  all 
s,  and  have 
ch  they  may 
receding  the 

nferior  juris- 
itablish;  and 
The  judges 
;  the  justices 
riennially  by 
inially. 


square 

miles. 

30'  W.  longi- 

by  Georgia; 

St.  from 

icalooiii. 

129 

228 

39 

110 

143 

146 

205 

187 

242 

96 

50 

127 

47 

260 

1 

TABLE  OP"  THK  COUNTIES  .\M)  COIJ.XTY  'VOW NS.—Contmued. 

Counties. 

Population. 

County  Towns. 

Uitit.  trom 
TudcnlooKa. 

i  Bi'llotonfe 
\  Wood  vi  He 

172 

Jackson 

lie 

12,702 

185 

Jefferson 

m 

6,855 

Ely  ton 

59 

Lauderdale 

nw 

11,782 

Florence    '     ' 

146 

Lawrence 

n 

14,984 

Moulton 

102 

Limestone 

n 

14,848 

Athens 

130 

Lowndes 

9,421 

Lowndes  C.  H. 

138 

Madison 

n 

28,011 

Iluntsville 

155 

Marengo 

sm 

7,742 

Linden 

78 

Marion 

nw 

4,058 

Pikeville 

118 

Mobile 

Mobile,  city 

sw 

3,071 
3,194 

I  Mobile 

226 

Monroe 

sm 

8,780 

Clairborne 

157 

Montgomery 

sm 

12,694 

Montgomery 

119 

Morgan 

n 

9,053 

Somerville 

135 

Perry 

m 

11,509 

Perry  C.  H. 

61 

Pickens 

w 

6,620 

Pickens 

48 

Pike 

se 

7,103 

Pike  C.  H. 

179 

St.  Clair 

nem 

5,975 

Ashville 

129 

Shelby 

m 

5,521 

Shelbyville 

73 

Tuscaloosa 

m 

13,646 

Tuscaloosa 

Walker 

nm 

2,202 

Walker  C.H. 

47 

Washington 

SID 

3,478 

Washington  C.  H. 

146 

Wilcox             .    sm 
36            Total 

9,469 

Canton                          113 
of  whom  117,294  are  slaves. 

308,997, 

,,    ., .  Population  at  different  Periods. 

Population. 

In  1810,  less  than  10,000 
1816,  29,683 

1818,  70,542  .  ;      •  .        ,       • 

1820,  127,901 

1827,  244,041  mcrease 

1830,  308,997     From  1820  to  1830,  181,096 


SlaveR. 

In  1820,  41,879 
1827,  93,008 
1830,  117,294 


The  principal  rivers  are  the  Alabama,  Tombigbee,  Black  Warrior,  Coosa, 
T.'illapoosa,  Tennessee,  Chatahoochec,  Perdido,  and  Cahawba. 

The  southern  part  of  the  country,  which  borders  on  the  gulf  of  Mexico  and 
AVest  Florida,  for  the  space  of  50  miles  wide,  is  low  and  level,  covered  with 
I'ine,  cypress,  and  loblolly;  in  the  middle  it  is  hilly,  with  some  tracts  of  open 
l.ind;  the  northern  part  is  somewhat  broken  and  mountainous,  and  the  country 
uencrally  is  more  elevated  above  the  sea,  than  most  other  parts  of  the  United 
States  at  equal  distance  from  the  ocean.  The  Alleghany  mountains  terminate 
in  the  north-east  part.  The  forest  trees  in  the  middle  and  northern  part  con- 
sist of  black  and  white  oak,  hickory,  poplar,  cedar,  chestn^it,  pine,  mulberry,  &c. 

Alabama  possesses  great  diversity  of  soil,  climate,  natural,  vegetable,  and 
mineral  productions.  Occupying  the  valley  of  the  Mobile,  and  its  tributary 
streams,  together  with  a  fine  body  of  land  on  both  sides  of  the  Tennessee  river, 
its  position  in  an  agricultural  and  commercial  point  of  view  is  Highly  advan- 
tageous. A  considerable  portion  of  that  part  of  the  state  which  lies  between 
the  Alabama  and  Tombigbee,  of  'hat  part  watered  by  the  Coosa  and  Talla- 
poosa, and  of  that  on  the  Tennessee,  consists  of  very  excellent  land.     On  the 


ir't 


I  'v 


■f-x 


lifei 


114 


ALABAMA. 


Education. 


margin  of  many  of  the  rivers  there  is  a  considerable  quantity  of  cane  bottom 
land,  of  great  fertility,  generally  from  a  half  to  three  quarters  of  a  mile  wide. 
On  the  outside  of  this  is  a  space,  which  is  low,  wet,  and  intersected  by  stagnant 
water.  Next  to  the  river  swamp,  and  elevated  above  it  ten  or  fifteen  feet,  suc- 
ceeds an  extensive  body  of  level  land  of  a  black,  rich  soil,  with  a  growth  of 
hickory,  black-oak,  post-oak,  dog-wood,  poplar,  &c.  After  this  come  [\w 
prairies,  which  are  wide-spreading  plains  of  level,  or  gently  waving  land, 
without  timber,  clothed  with  grass,  herbage,  and  flowers,  and  exhibiting  in  the 
month  of  May  the  most  enchanting  scenery. 

Cotton  is  the  staple  of  the  state.  Other  productions  are  corn,  rice,  wheat, 
rye,  oats,  &c.  The  sugar-cane,  the  vine,  and  the  olive,  it  is  supposed,  may  be 
cultivated  with  success.  Coal  abounds  on  the  Cahawba,  the  Black  Warrior, 
&c. ;  and  valuable  iron  ore  is  found  in  some  parts  of  the  state. 

The  climate  of  the  southern  part  of  the  bottom  land  bordering  on  the  rivers, 
and  of  the  country  bordering  on  the  Muscle  Shoals,  is  unhealthy.  In  the  ele- 
vated part  of  the  country  the  climate  is  very  fine ;  the  winters  are  mild,  and  the 
summers  pleasant,  being  tempered  by  breezes  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

The  Cherokee  and  the  Creek  Indians  possess  a  large  tract  in  the  eastern  part 
of  Alabama ;  and  the  Choctaws  and  Chickasaws  have  possessions  in  the  west. 

In  1831  there  were  three  banks  in  this  state,  including  a  branch  of  the 
United  States  Bank  at  Mobile. 

The  University  of  Alabama,  at  Tuscaloosa,  is  a  new  but  well-endowed 
institution.  It  was  incorporated  in  1820,  by  an  act  of  the  state  legisla- 
ture. By  an  act  of  Congress,  March  1819,  one  section  of  land,  containing  640 
acres,  was  granted  to  the  inhabitants  of  each  township  for  the  use  of  schools, 
and  72  sections,  or  two  townships,  for  the  support  of  a  seminary  of  learning. 
The  funds  of  the  university  consist  of  the  proceeds  of  these  lands. 

There  have  been  24  academies  incorporated  in  the  state,  up  to  1832. 
Internal  im-  By  an  act  of  congress,  March  2,  1819,  it  was  provided  that  5  per 
provemont.  j.gjjj^  q^  jj^g  jjg^^j  proceeds  of  all  the  sales  of  public  lands  in  this  state, 
made  subsequently  to  September  1,  1819,  should  be  reserved  for  making  public 
roads  and  canals,  and  improving  the  navigation  of  rivers.  Three-fifths  of  the 
amount  were  directed  to  be  applied  to  these  objects  within  the  state,  and  two-fifths 
to  the  making  of  a  road  or  roads  leading  to  the  state,  under  the  direction  of  con- 
gress. This  act  gave  rise  to  what  is  commonly  called  the  "  Three  per  com 
Fund,"  which  has  been  vested  in  the  bank  of  the  state  of  Alabama ;  and  it 
amounted,  according  to  the  report  of  the  state  treasurer,  on  the  26th  of  Novem- 
ber, 1829,  to  $96,355  77.  A  board  of  internal  improvement,  to  consist  of  six 
commissioners,  was  established  by  the  general  assembly  in  January,  1830, 
under  whose  superintendence  the  income  of  this  fund  is  to  be  appropriated  h 
objects  of  public  utility,  as  roads,  canals,  &c. 

On  the  23d  of  May,  1828,  congress  made  a  grant  to  this  state  of  400,000 
acres  of  relinquished  and  unappropriated  lands  for  improving  the  navigation  of 
the  Muscle  Shoals  and  Colbert  Shoals  in  the  Tennessee ;  and  likewise  for  im- 
proving the  navigation  of  the  Coosa,  Cahawba,  and  Black  Warrior  rivers. 

There  are  12  periodical  presses  in  this  state. 
Religious  de-     The  Baptists  in  this  state  have  12  associations,  219  churches,  1!J0 

nomina-    ministers,  and  8,953  communicants ;  the  Methodist*,  44  preachers 
13,504  members;  the  Presbyterians,  38  churches,  27  ministers,  fi 
licentiates,  and  1 ,669  communicants ;  the  Roman  Catholics,  2  ministers ;  the 
Epi-scopalians,  2  ministers. 

Mobile,  in  the  southern  part  of  Alabama,  was  settled  long  since  by 
the  Spanish  ;  yet  the  territory  which  now  forms  this  state  contained 
but  very  few  civilized  inhabitants  before  1810.     Since  that  time  its  increase  in 
population  has  been  exceedingly  rapid. 

Alabama  was  erected  into  a  territorial  government  in  1817  ;  the  inliabitan- 
formed  a  constitution  in  1819 ;  and  in  1820,  it  was  admitted  into  the  Union. 


History. 


f 


1 


i 


i 


MISSISSIPPI. 


115 


of  cane  bottom 
of  a  mile  wide, 
ted  by  stagnant 
fifteen  feet,  sue- 
ith  a  growth  of 
this   come  tlic 


f  waving 


land. 


;xhibiting  in  the 


irn,  rice,  wheat, 
ipposed,  may  be 
Black  Warrior, 

ig  on  the  rivers, 
\vy.  In  the  ole- 
ire  mild,  and  the 
r  Mexico. 
1  the  eastern  part 
ions  in  the  west. 
L  branch  of  the 

but  well-endowed 
the  state  legisla- 
I,  containing  C40 
e  use  of  schools, 
lary  of  learning. 
nds. 

to  1832. 
jvided  that  5  per 
nds  in  this  state, 
)r  making  public 
hree-fifths  of  the 
te,  and  two-fifths 
direction  of  con- 
Three  per  cen; 
Alabama ;  and  it 
26th  of  Noveni. 
to  consist  of  six 
January,  1830, 
appropriated  tc 

state  of  400,000 
le  navigation  of 
ikewise  for  im- 
rior  rivers. 

9  churches,  1!W 
.9,  44  preachers 

27  ministers,!' 
2  ministers;  the 

ed  long  since  by 
state  contained 

10  its  increase  in 

the  inliabitaii- 
ito  the  Union. 


•■■t< 


The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  two  branches,  a  senate  and  house  ^^^^^.^^^^.^^ 
of  representatives,  which  together  are  styled  The  General  Assembly  and  govern- 
or the  State  of  Alabama.  The  representatives  are  elected  annually,  ""*"'• 
and  are  apportioned  among  the  different  counties  in  proportion  to  the  white 
|)()puIalion ;  the  whole  number  cannot  exceed  100,  nor  fall  short  of  60.  The 
sdift'ors  are  elected  for  three  years,  and  one-third  of  them  are  chosen  every 
yi  ar.  Their  number  cannot  be  more  than  one-third,  nor  less  than  one-fourth 
of  the  number  of  representatives.  The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor, 
who  is  elected  by  the  people,  for  two  years;  and  is  eligible  four  years  out  of 
six.  The  representatives  and  one-third  of  the  senators  are  elected  annually  on 
the  first  Monday  in  August  and  the  day  following;  and  the  governor  is  elected 
hionnially  at  the  same  time.  The  general  assembly  meets  annually  (at  Tus- 
<,'aloosa)  on  the  fourth  Monday  in  October.  The  right  of  suffrage  is  possessed 
by  every  white  male  citizen  of  21  years  of  age,  who  has  resided  within  the 
state  one  year  next  preceding  an  election,  and  the  last  three  months  within  the 
county,  city,  or  town,  in  which  he  offers  his  vote.  The  judicial  power  is  vested 
in  oiKi  supreme  court,  in  circuit  courts,  and  such  inferior  courts  as  the  general 
assembly  may,  from  time  to  time,  direct  and  establish.  The  judges,  after  No- 
vember in  1833,  are  to  be  elected  by  a  joint  vote  of  both  houses  of  the  general 
assembly,  every  six  years. 

The  annual  salary  of  the  governor  is  $2,000,    This  state  sends  five  repre- 
sentatives to  congress. 


MISSISSIPPI. 

This  state  is  not  far  from  300  miles  in  average  length,  and  160  in  average 
breadth.  Between  30°  and  34°  N.  lat. ;  and  11°  and  14°  W.  long,  from  Wash* 
ington.  It  contains  28,000,000  acres.  Bounded  on  the  N.  by  Tennessee ;  E. 
by  Alabama;  S.  by  the  gulf  of  Mexico  and  Louisiana;  W.  by  Louisiana  and 

the  Mississippi. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Coup  ties. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towna. 

DiHt.  from 
Jackaon. 

Adams 
Natchez 

aw 
city 

12,129, 
2,790  S 

Natchez 

112 

Amite 

,                 «c 

7,943 

Liberty 

122 

Claiborne 

w 

9,818 

Port  Gibson        a. 

67 

Copiah 

ttom 

7,024 

Gallatin 

53 

Covington 

sm 

2,549 

Williamsburgh 

83 

Franklin 

SID 

4,622 

Meadville 

105 

Greene 

ae 

1,849 

Leaksville 

171 

Hancock 

fit 

1,961 

Pearlington 

200 

Hinds 

<• 
m 

8,619 'l 
1,789 

Jackson       f^, 
Raymond             ; 
Jackson  C.  H. 

19 

Jackson 

ge 

213 

Jefferson 

9W 

9,755 

Fayette 

93 

Jones 

sm 

1,471 

EUisville 

134 

Lawrence 

sm 

6,321 

Monticello 

88 

Lowndes 

', 

3,842 

Columbus 

134 

Madison 

« 

4,978 

Livingston 

31 

Marion 

s 

3,701 

Columbia                ., 

120 

Monroe 

e 

3,855 

Hamilton 

150 

3 


no 


MISSISSIPPI. 


4-^1  t  4-^ 


r"s»i 


II 


iff™ 

Hi 


TABLE  OF  THK 

COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS- Con antied. 

Cnuntipg. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Towns. 

Dint,  from 
Jackson. 

Perry 
Pike 

8C 
S 

2,285 
5,402 

Augusta 
Holmesville           , 

137 
151 

Rankin 

W 

2,084 

Brandon       -, 

16 

Simpson 

Warren 

Washington 

Wayne 

Wilkinson 

w 

€ 
8W 

2,666 
7,861 
1,976 
2,778 
11,693 

Wcstville 

Vicksburg 

Princeton 

Winchester 

Woodvillo 

56 

54 

119 

165 

148 

Yazoo 
26 

w 

6,550 

Benton 

64 

-  Population  at  different  Periods. 

The  country  now  forming  the  states  of  Mississippi  and  Alabama  was  erect- 
ed  into  a  territorial  government  by  the  name  of  the  Mississippi  Territory,  in 
1798,  and  so  continued  till  1817.  Population  in  1800,  8,850;  in  1810, 
40,352 : — of  Mississippi  alone,  in  1816,  45,929. 

Population.  ^  •  .      ■         i    •  _  Slaves. 

In  1820,       75,448  32,814 

1830,     136,806    Increase  from  1820  to  1830,  61,358  65,659 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Mississippi,  Pearl,  Pascagoula,  Yazoo,  Black, 
Tennessee,  and  the  western  branches  of  the  Tombigbee.  The  Mississippi 
forms  the  western  boundary  from  lat.  31°  to  35°  N. ;  308  miles  in  a  right  line, 
but  by  the  course  of  the  river  near  700  miles. 

The  southern  part  of  the  state,  extending  about  100  miles  north  from  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  is  mostly  a  champaign  country,  with  occasional  hills  of  moderate 
elevation,  and  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  long-leaved  pine,  interspersed  with 
cypress  swamps,  open  prairies,  and  inundated  marshes.  A  considerable  por- 
tion of  this  part  is  susceptible  of  cultivation.  The  soil  is  generally  sandy, 
sometimes  gravelly  and  clayey.  It  is  capable  of  produfing  cotton,  corn,  in- 
digo, sugar,  garden  vegetables,  plums,  cherries,  peaches,  figs,  sour  oranges, 
and  grapes. 

In  proceeding  nortli,  the  face  of  the  country  becomes  more  elevated  and 
agreeably  diversified.  The  growth  of  timber  consists  of  poplar,  hickory,  oak, 
black  walnut,  sugar-maple,  buckeye,  elm,  hackberry,  &c.,  and  the  soil  is  ex- 
ceedingly fertile,  producing  abundant  crops  of  cotton,  corn,  sweet  potatoes,  in- 
digo, garden  vegetables,  and  fruit.  Nearly  all  the  country  watered  by  the 
Yazoo  is  described  as  incomparably  fertile,  well  watered,  and  healthful. 

Cotton  is  the  staple  production  of  the  state.  Peaches  and  figs  are  the  fruits 
most  easily  produced.    Apples,  plums,  lemons,  and  oranges  are  common. 

The  climate  is  temperate,  and  in  the  elevated  parts  generally  healthy.  The 
local  situation  of  this  state,  the  fertility  of  its  soil,  thje,  temperature  of  its  cli- 
mate, and  the  value  of  its  productions,  will  doubtless  c^use  it  to  remain  an  im- 
portant part  of  the  Union. 

The  Choctaw  and  Chickasaw  Indians  possess  a  largo  portion  of  the  territory 
of  this  State,  embracing  the  northern  and  eastern  parts.  The  tracts  possessed 
by  these  tribes,  comprise  some  of  the  finest  parts  of  the  state,  abounding  with 
extensive  and  beautiful  prairies.  Tlic  Choctaws  and  Chickasaws  have  well 
cultivated  fields,  and  great  numbers  of  horses,  cattle,  hogs,  and  sheep.  Many 
of  them  are  mechanics,  and  their  women  spin  and  make  cloth. 

There  are  8  banks  and  branches  in  this  state ;  viz.  3  at  Natchez,  1  at  Port 
(jibson,  2  at  Vicksburg,  1  at  Woodvillo,  and  1  at  Rodney. 


MISSISSll'IM. 


117 


Tiam  an  im- 


Jofferson  CoUcso,  at  Washington,  was  ostahlishcd  in  1803,  and  „.     .. 
has  received  liberal  endowments  in  piii)li(;  lands  Iroin  tlu;  led(M-al  go- 
vernment.    It  is  pleasantly  situated;  the  liuildiiiiis  are  lar<i;e  and  commodious; 
the  course  of  study  is  similar  to  that  of  West  I'oint ;  and  the  number  of  cadets 
«)r  students,  in  1830,  was  98. 

There  are  other  seminaries  in  dilU'rent  parts ;  but,  although  an  interest  in 
education  is  manifested  in  the  dili'erent  counties,  yet  no  system  of  primary 
schools  has  been  adopted.  The  state  has  a  Literary  Fund,  amounting,  at 
present,  to  $'>57,00(),  derived  from  the  donation  of  the  general  government, 
rents  of  lands,  thret;  per  cent,  on  all  sales  of  public  lands,  fines,  forfeitures, 
&c.    But  no  portion  of  it  is  available  till  it  shall  amount  to  $50,000. 

In  1829,  a  Board  of  Internal  Improvement  was  organized  by  the  intpmni  im- 
legislature,  consistinfj  of  the  "-ovcrnor  and  three  commissioners.  The  pfveincnt. 
board  was  authorizcid  to  einj)loy  a  civil  engineer,  and  to  negotiate  a  loan  of 
the  sum  of  $200,000  upon  the  credit  of  the  state,  to  be  appropriated  for  the 
improvement  of  the  navigable  streams  and  public  roads  within  the  state.  By 
an  act  of  congress,  passed  March  1,  1817,  five  per  cent,  of  th(;  neat  proceeds 
of  the  sales  of  the  public  lands  within  the  state,  was  reserved  for  making  roads 
and  canals ;  and  three-fifths  of  this  (called  the  Three  per  cent.  Fund)  are  sub- 
ject to  appropriation  by  the  state  legislature  to  those  objects  xcithin  the  state ; 
the  other  two-fifths  are  at  the  disposal  of  congress  for  roads  leading  to  the 
state. 

The  number  of  periodical  papers  in  1831  was  10. 

The  Methodists  in  this  state  have  23  preachers,  and  5,918  mera-   Religious 
bers;  the  Baptists,  3  associations,  58  churches,  12  ministers,  and  denomina- 
1,714  communicants;  the  Presbyterians,  25  churches,  21  ministers,      '""*■ 
3  licentiates,  and  about  950  communicants ;  the  Episcopalians,  4  ministers ; 
and  there  are  some  Roman  Catholics. 

The  first  settlement  of  whites  in  Mississippi  was  made  by  the 
French  at  Natchez,  about  the  year  1716;  in  1729,  these  colonists 
were  massacred  by  the  Natchez  Indians ;  but  in  the  succeeding  year,  this  once 
powerful  tribe  was  extirpated  by  the  French. 

But  ^evf  American  settlements  were  made  in  this  country  till  near  the  end 
of  the  last  century.  In  1800,  the  territory  was  erected  into  a  separate  go- 
vernment, and,  in  1817,  into  an  independent  state. 

The  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  at  the  town  of  Washing-  o-ongtitu- 

ton,  in  August,  1817.  tion  and  go- 

The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  Senate  and  a  House  of  Repre-  ^*'"""""- 
sentatives,  which  are  together  styled  The  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of 
Mississippi. 

The  representatives  are  elected  annually  on  the  first  Monday  in  August,  in 
the  ratio  of  one  to  every  3,000  white  inhabitants.  Each  county,  however,  is 
entitled  to  one ;  and  the  present  whole  number  is  33.  According  to  the  consti- 
tution, when  the  number  of  white  inhabitants  exceeds  80,000,  the  number  of 
representatives  cannot  be  less  than  36,  nor  more  than  100. 

The  members  of  the  senate  are  elected  for  three  years,  one  third  being 
chosen  annually.  Their  number  cannot  be  less  than  one  fourth,  nor  more 
than  one  third  of  the  whole  number  of  representatives. 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  by  the  people, 
for  two  years,  on  the  first  Monday  in  August.  At  every  election  of  governor, 
a  lieutenant-governor  is  also  chosen,  who  is  president  of  the  senate,  and  on 
whom  the  executive  duties  devolve  in  case  of  the  death,  resignation,  or  absence 
of  the  governor. 

The  general  assembly  meets  (at  Jackson)  annually  on  the  first  Monday  in 
November. 

The  right  of  suffrage  is  granted  to  every  free  white  male  citizen  of  the 


History. 


118 


LOUISIANA. 


United  States,  of  the  aj^e  of  21  years  or  upwards,  who  has  resided  within  this 
state  one  year  next  preccdinff  an  election,  and  the  last  six  months  within  the 
county,  city,  or  town  in  which  he  otlers  to  vote,  and  is  enrolled  in  the  militia 
thereof,  unless  exemptc.'d  by  law  from  military  service ;  or,  having  the  aforesaid 
qualifications  of  citizenship  and  residence,  has  paid  a  state  or  county  tax. 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  and  such  superior  and  in- 
ferior courts  of  law  and  equity,  as  the  legislature  may,  from  time  to  time,  es- 
tablish. The  judges  of  the  several  courts  are  elected  by  the  general  assembly, 
and  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  till  the  age  of  65  years. 

The  governor's  salary  is  $2,500, 

This  state  sends  two  representatives  to  congress. 


"''"»ijiiF 


If  'i  tt-^jo  <l 


ami--,. 


1 1'  • 


I 


it        "I 


r    < 


LOUISIANA. 


Length,  240  miles ;  breadth,  210 :  containing  48,220  square  miles.  Between 
29°  and  33°  30'  N.  lat.  and  12°  and  17°  3'  W.  Ion.  Bounded  east  by  Missis- 
sippi  state,  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  by  the  river  Mississippi  from  31°  to 
33°,  and  thence  by  the  parallel  of  31°  to  Pearl  river ;  thence  by  that  stream  to 
its  mouth ;  south  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico ;  west  by  the  river  Sabine,  which 
separates  it  from  the  Mexican  states,  and  following  that  river  to  the  parallel  of 
32°,  thence'  due  north  to  33°,  thence  due  east  to  the  Mississippi,  having  Arkan- 
sas territory  on  the  north. 


TABLE  OF  THE  PARISHES  AND  SEATS  OF  JUSTICE. 

'                                       Eastern  District. 

Parishes. 

Pop.  1830. 

Seats  of  Justice. 

Dist.  from 
N.  Orleans. 

Ascension 

sem 

5,400 

Donaldson 

75 

Assumption 

sem 

5,670 

Assumption  C.  H. 

90 

Baton  Rouge,  East, 

m 

6,717 

Concordia 

Baton  Rouge,  West, 

m 

3,092 

Baton  Rouge 

117 

Concordia 

ne 

4,662 

Feliciana,  East, 

em 

8,247 

Jackson 

158 

Feliciana,  West, 

em 

8,629 

St.  Francisville 

149 

Iberville 

sem 

7,060 

Iberville 

98 

Jefferson 

se 

6,846 

Coquille 

202 

Lafourche  Interior 

s 

6,500 

Thibadeuxviile 

108 

Orleans 

New  Orleans,  city  ^ 

se 
suburbs 

3,793 
46,310 

New  Orleans 

Plaquemines 

se 

4,489 

Fort  Jackson 

76 

Point  Cupee 

m 

5,936 

Point  Coupee 

154 

St.  Bernard 

sem 

3,356 

St.  Charles 

'    sem 

5,107 

St.  Helena 

em 

4,027 

St.  Helena 

98 

St.  James 

sem 

7,672 

Bringier's 

60 

St.  John  Baptist 

sem 

5,700 

Bonnet  Carre 

36 

St.  Tammany 

e 

^     2,864 

Covington 

44 

Terre  Bonne 

s 

2,121 

Williamsburg 

Washington 
21      Total  of  East. 

€ 

Dist. 

2,286 

Franklinton 

155,318 

nthin  this 
within  the 
he  militia 
1  aforesaid 
tax. 

DT  and  in- 
I  time,  cs- 
osscmbly, 


I^OUISIANA. 


119 


.  Between 
by  Missis- 
•om  31°  to 
;  stream  to 
ne,  which 
parallel  of 
ng  Arkan- 


Jist.  from 
.  Orlcang. 

75 
00 

117 

158 
149 
98 
202 
108 


75 
154 


98 
60 
36 
44 


TABI.K  OK  THK 

I'ARIfc 

JIIKS  AND  SKATS  OF  JU.STICIv-C./.fw 

luril. 

WeMcm  District. 

ParishcD. 

Pop.  1830. 

H«;at»  of  JuaticP. 

DiHt.  frniii 
N.  OrloniiH. 

Avoyelles 

m 

3,4H8 

Marksville 

.240 

Cnfahoula 

nm 

2,576 

Harrisonburg 

251 

Claiborne 

1,764 

Russelville 

441 

Lafayette 

s 

5,606 

Vermilionville 

192 

Natchitoches 

nw 

7,926 

Natchitoches 

354 

Rapides 

m 

7,559 

Alexandria 

272 

St.  Landry 

sw 

12,552 

Opelousas 

192- 

St.  Martin's 

8 

7,204 

St.  Martinsville 

176 

St.  Mary's 

a 

6,442 

Franklin 

141 

Washita 
10  Total  of  West. 

n 
Dint. 

5,140 

Monroe 

323 

60,257 

Popiilntion.  Slaven. 

Eastern  District 21 155,318 80,421 

Western  District 10 60,257 29,210 

31  Counties       

Total  of  Louisiana      .  215,575  109,631 


In  1810, 
1820, 
1830, 


Population. 

76,556 

153,407 

215,575 


Population  at  different  Periods. 


Increase  from  1810  to  1820,      76,851 
1820      1830,       62,168 


Slaves. 
34,660 
69,004 
109,631 


Population  of  New-Orleans,  in  1802,  about  10,000;  in  1810,  17,242;  in 
1820,  27,176  ;  in  1830,  46,310. 

Three  quarters  of  the  state  are  without  an  elevation,  that  can  bo  p.^^^  ^^  ^^^ 
properly  called  a  hill.  The  pine  woods  generally  have  a  surface  of  cnimiry, 
a  very  particular  character,  rising  into  fine  swells,  with  table  sur-  *°' '  *"'■ 
faces  on  the  summit,  and  valleys  from  30  to  40  feet  deep.  But  they  arc  with- 
out any  particular  range,  and  like  the  waves  of  a  high  and  regular  sen.  The 
alluvial  soil  is  level,  and  the  swamps,  which  arc  the  only  inundated  alluvinn.s, 
are  dead  flats.  The  vast  prairies  which  constitute  a  large  portion  of  the  surface 
of  the  state,  have,  in  a  remarkable  degree,  all  the  distinctive  aspects  of 
prairies.  To  the  eye  they  seem  as  level  as  the  still  surface  of  a  lake.  They 
are,  except  the  quaking  prairies,  higher  and  drier  than  the  savannas  of  Flori- 
da, A  range  of  hills  commences  in  gentle  elevations  in  Opelousas,  rises 
gradually,  and  diverges  towards  the  Sabine.  In  the  vicinity  of  Natchitoches 
it  preserves  a  distance  intermediate  between  the  Sabine  and  Red  Rivers,  and 
continues  to  increase  in  elevation  to  the  western  parts  of  the  state.  Scon  from 
the  Pine  Hills  above  Natchitoches,  they  have,  in  the  distance,  the  blue  outline 
of  a  range  of  mountains.  Another  line  of  hills,  not  far  from  Alexandria, 
commences  on  the  north  side  of  Red  River,  and  separating  between  the  waters 
of  that  river  and  Dudgemony,  unites  with  another  line  of  hills,  that  bound  the 
alluvions  of  the  Washita,  as  bluffs,  gradually  diverging  from  that  river,  as 
they  pass  beyond  the  western  limits  of  the  state.  The  new  and  remote  parish 
taken  from  Natchitoches,  called  Claiborne,  or  Allen's  Settlement,  is  a  high  and 
rolling  country. — There  are  considerable  hills  beyond  the  Mississippi  alluvions, 
east  of  that  river.  But,  generally  speaking,  Louisiana  is  one  immense  plain, 
divided  into  pine  woods,  prairies,  alluvions,  swamps,  and  hickory  and  oak 
lands.  . 


liiO 


LOUISIANA. 


!^ 


Ijii-^'  .   ■: 


The  pino  \V(H)tls  an;  gi-ucnilly  rolliiiir ;  soinrliiucs,  but  not  dIU'II,  level. 
Tliey  liiive  almost  iiivariiihly  u  poor  soil,  siiHicifiitly  dcscrilK'd  in  our  account 
of  l'"lori(ia  anil  Alal)arii!i.  Tln-y  j)nssess  the  same  eharacler  licrc,  except,  that 
f'l'ccks  are  more  common,  witli  more  extensive;  and  somewhat  richer  hottoms  ; 
and  there  is,  perhaps,  u  ffreatcr  proportion  of  laurels,  oaks  and  hickories 
ainonjr  the  pines.  The  jrreater  proportion  of  iho.  prairies  is  second-rate  land. 
Some;  of  those  west  of  Opelousas,  and  betwcien  Washita  and  Red  River,  are 
even  sterile.  Some;  parts  of  the  prairies  of  Opelousas  are  of  great  lertility,  and 
those  of  Attakapas  still  more  so.  As  a  genernl  fact,  they  arc  more  level  than 
those  of  the  upper  country.  A  larii;e  belt  of  these  prairies,  near  the  gulf,  is 
low,  marshy,  and  in  rainy  weather  inundated.  A  very  considerable  extent  of 
thejn  has  a  cold  clayey  soil,  with  a  hard  pan  near  the  surface.  In  other  places 
the  soil  is  of  inky  blackness,  and  dis[)osed  in  the  hot  and  dry  season  to  crack 
in  fissures,  of  a  size  to  admit  a  man's  arm. 

The  bottoms  are  generally  rich,  but  in  very  ditferent  degrees.  Those  of  the 
Mississippi  and  Red  RivfM',  and  tlu;  bayous  connected  with  those  streams,  are 
more  fertile  and  productive;  than  the  streams  west  of  them,  and  between  them 
and  the  Sabine.  The  fertility  of  the  richer  bottoms  of  the  Mississippi  and  Red 
River  is  sufficiently  attested  by  the  prodigious  growth  of  the  timl)er,  the  luxu- 
riance, size,  and  rankncss  of  the  cane  and  the  cotton,  the  tangle  of  vines  and 
creepers,  the  astonishing  size  of  the  weeds,  and  the  strength  of  ve-wtation  In 
general.  We  have  measured  a  fig-tree,  and  a  siMTiach,  both  ordinarily  con- 
sidered as  shrubs,  which  were  larger  than  a  man's  body.  The  richness  of  the 
articles  of  cultivation  is  sufhciently  well  known.  The  cotton  on  flesh  lands 
of  the  richest  quality  grows  to  the  size  of  a  considerable  shrub. 

The  districts  of  Louisiana,  which  have  the  richest  soil,  are  the  following : — 
1st.   The  island  of  New-Orleans.     This  is  so  denominated  in  geography,  and 
correctly.    Not  far  below  Baton  Rouge,  a  bayou,  or  elRux,  called  Manshac,  or 
Ibberville,  makes  out  from  the  Mississippi,  which,  in  its  course,  receives  other 
waters,  until  swollen  into  a  considerable  river,  it  uvlls  into  lake  Maurepas. 
That  again  is  connected  by  a  narrow  gorge  with  lak<.  Ponchartrain,  and  that 
by  the  rigolets  with  lake  Borgne  and  the  Gulf.    The  Mississippi  insulates  it  on 
the  other  side.    Consequently,  the  island  of  New-Orleans  is  a  narrow  strip  of 
land,  stretching  between  this  range  of  lakes  and  the  river.    About  one  third  of 
the  average  width  of  this  strip  is  under  cultivation.     The  other  two  thirds  are 
swamp.     Its  front  is  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Mississippi ;  and  its  rear  is  this 
bayou  and  this  line  of  lakes.     The   bayou  Manshac,  which  completes   the 
insular  character  of  this  tract,  is  narrow,  and  is  seldom  seen  by  persons  de- 
scending the  Mississippi.     This  tract  is  the  finest  part  of  that  rich  country, 
called  the  coast.     The  coast  is  that  part  of  the  bottom  of  the  Mississippi, 
which  commences  with  the  first  cultivation  above  the  Balize,  that  is  to  say, 
about  40  miles  below  New-Orleans,  and  150  above.     This  belt  on  each  side 
of  the  river  is  secured  by  an  embankment,  called  a  levee,  from  6  to  8  feet  in 
height,  and  sufficiently  broad,  for  the  most  part,  to  furnish  a  fine  highway. 
The  river,  in  ordinary  inundations,  would  cover  the  greater  part  of  this  belt    \ 
from  two  to  six  feet  in  depth.     It  is  from  one  to  two  miles  in  width,  and  per- 
haps a  richer  tract  of  land  of  the  same  extent  cannot  be  found  on  the  face  of 
the  globe.     The  levee  extends  something  higher  on  the  west  than  on  the  east 
side  of  the  river.     Above  the  levee  on  the  east  bank  of  the  river  *are  the  par- 
ishes of  Baton  Rouge,  and  East  and  West  Feliciana.     The  latter  parish  re- 
ceived its  name  from  its  pleasant  surface  of  fertile  hills  and  valleys,  and  its 
union  of  desirable  circumstances  for  a  planting  country.    This  parish  presents 
a  spectacle  very  uncommon  in  this  country,  hills  that  are  covered  with  laurels 
and  forest  trees,  denoting  the  richest  soil.     Here  are  some  of  the  wealthiest 
planters  and  best  plantations  in  the  state.    Bayou  Sarah,  the  point  of  shipn^ent 
for  this  region,  sends  great  quantities  of  cottonlo  Ncw-Orlcans.    Some  of  the 


■  V 


'^ 


LOUISIANA. 


191 

Iced 


iv(!r,  art! 


plantations  on  this  bayou  have  from  5  to  WOO  acres  under  cu'ivation,  W( 
by  a  lart^f!  number  of  hands. 

On  the  baniis  of  the  Mississippi,  La  Fourche,  the  Teche,  and  the  VcrmiUoo, 
bfflow  lat.  30°  12'  N.  wh(!rover  the  soil  is  elevated  above  the  annual  inunda- 
tions, su^ar  can  Ikj  produced ;  and  the  lands  are  generally  devoted  to  this  crop. 
In  all  other  parts  of  the  state,  cotton  is  the  staple.  The  best  districts  for  cotton 
are  the  hanks  of  Red  Uiver,  Washita,  Teche,  and  the  Mississip[)i.  Rice  is 
more  particularly  conlincid  to  the;  banks  of  the  Mississip|)i,  wliere  irrigation  can 
1)0  easily  performed. — The  quantity  of  land  within  the  state  adapted  to  the 
cultivation  of  the  three  .staples,  has  Ixien  estimated  as  follows :  sugar,  250,000 
acres;  rice,  250,000;  cotton,  2,400,000.  Some  of  the  sugar-planters  have 
derived  a  revenue  in  some  years  of  iftOOO  from  the  lalwr  of  each  of  their 
slaves ;  from  SHoO  to  $450  is  the  ordinary  calculation.  The  cultivation  of 
cotton  is  believed  to  be  equally  profitable.  The  amount  of  sugar  made  in 
Louisiana  in  1810,  was  about  10,000,000  lbs.;  in  1814,  not  less  than 
15,000,000;  in  1817,  20,000,000;  in  1828,  88,000,000;  and  in  1830, 
100,000,000.  The  extensive  prairie  land,  in  the  south-west  part  of  the  state, 
embracing  the  district  of  Opelousas,  and  the  greater  part  of  Attacapas,  is  most 
admirably  adapted  to  the  rearing  of  cattle,  and  has  hitherto  been  used  almost 
exclusively  for  that  purpose.  Many  of  the  richer  planters  on  the  Teche  and 
Vermilion,  have  stock  farms  established  on  Mermantau  and  Calcasiu  rivers, 
and  count  their  cattle  by  the  thousand. 

The  population  is  principally  confined  to  the  settlements  on  the  Mississippi* 
In  the  upper  settlements  the  inhabitants  are  principally  Canadians ;  in  the 
middle,  Germans ;  and  in  the  lower,  French  and  Spaniards?  A  few  years  since 
a  majority  of  the  inhabitants  were  Roman  Catholics.  The  clergy  of  this 
order,  however,  are  not  numerous ;  and  the  constant  introduction  of  emigrants 
from  the  north  is  effecting  a  rapid  revolution  in  all  the  institutions  of  the 
country. 

In  journeying  from  New  Orleans  to  the  mouth  of  Sabine  river,  we  meet 
with  men  in  every  stage  of  civilization.  In  New  Orleans,  and  other  places  on 
the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  the  sugar  and  cotton  planters  live  in  splendid 
edifices,  and  enjoy  all  the  luxury  that  wealth  can  impart.  In  Attacapas  and 
Opelousas,  the  glare  of  exjjensive  luxury  vanishes,  and  is  followed  by  substan- 
tial independence.  In  the  western  parts  of  Opelousas  are  found  herdsmen  and 
hunters ;  the  cabins  are  rudely  and  hastily  constructed,  and  the  whole  scene 
recalls  to  the  imagination  the  primeval  state  of  society. 

The  exports  from  Louisiana  are  not  confined  to  its  own  produce.  The  bulky 
articles  of  all  the  western  states  go  down  the  Mississippi,  and  are  cleared  out 
at  New  Orleans.  The  value  of  the  exports  in  1804,  was  $1,600,362;  in 
1806,  83,887,323;  in  1815,  $5,102,610;  in  1817,  $13,501,036;  and  in 
1829,  $12,386,000. 

A  canal  was  completed  in  1831,  connecting  New  Orleans  with 
lake  Ponchartrain.     It  is  4i  miles  long,  perfectly  straight,  and  its  .  j,^.    ,,.' .^ 
I  ascent  and  descent  are  only  16  inches. 

There  are  10  banks  and  branches  in  this  state ;  5  at  New  Orleans^  1  at 
Baton  Rouge,  1  at  Donaldson,  1  at  Opelousas,  1  at  Alexandria,  and  one  at  St. 
Francisville. 

There  are  colleges  at  Jackson  and  New  Orleans.     In  1827,  the 
legislature  made  a  grant  to  each  parish  in  the  state,  of  $2  62^  to  *^"'""*"' 
every  voter,  to  be  applied  to  the  education  of  the  indigent ;  the  amount  for 
one  parish  not  to  exceed  $1,350,  nor  to  fall  short  of  $800.    In  consequence  of 
this  act,  nearly  $40,000  are  annually  appropriated  to  the  education  of  the 
poor. 

The  number  of  periodical  papers  in  1831  was  12.  ,^, 


122 


LOUISIANA. 


i 


yi4 


w 


l!R;:'.'=! 


mmM 


n.  u  iniii       '^^^  Catholic  religion  is  predominant  in  Louininnn,  and  thrre  aru 
dfnomina'  Catholic  churches  in  all  tho  considcrublo  villagcH ;  but  thoro  arc  few 
tioni.     Protestant  churches  in  the  stato. 


Iliitory. 


The  Mississippi  was  discovered  by  Marquette  and  Joliette,  two 
French  missionaries,  in  1073.  In  1682,  the  country  was  explon^d  by 
La  Salle,  and  named  Louisiana  in  honor  of  Louis  XIV.  A  French  s<'ttlement 
was  begun  at  Iberville  in  1099,  and  in  1717  New  Orleans  was  founded. 

In  1803,  the  extensive  country  of  Louisiana,  comprising  all  the  territory  now 
belonging  to  the  United  States,  lying  west  of  the  Mississippi,  was  purcha8e<l  of 
France  for  the  sum  of  $16,000,000;  and  in  1812,  the  southern  portion  of  this 
country  was  admitted  into  the  Union  as  an  independent  state. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  last  war  between  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States, 
a  very  formidable  armament  invaded  the  territory  of  Louisiana,  with  a  view  to 
the  capture  of  New  Orleans.     Several  thousand  volunteers  from  the  adjoining 
country  hastened  to  the  relief  of  the  city,  and  their  energies  were  ably  directed 
by  general  Jackson.     Four  engagements  took  place,  in  all  of  which  the  British 
were  decisively  repulsed.     In  tho  last  of  these,  which  occurred  on  the  8th  of 
January,  1815,  the  loss  of  the  enemy  was  so  great,  that  he  withdrew  the 
remainder  of  his  forces,  and  desisted  from  the  hopeless  attempt. 
CoMtUution     The  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  in  1812.     The  legisla- 
and  «overn-  tive  power  is  vested  in  a  senate  and  house  of  representatives,  both 
"**"  ■     together  styled  The  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Louisiana.  The 
representatives  are  elected  for  two  years  on  the  first  Monday,  Tuesday,  and 
Wednesday  in  July.     Their  number  cannot  be  less  than  25,  nor  more  than  50  ; 
and  they  are  apportioned  according  to  the  number  of  electors,  as  ascertained 
by  enumeration  every  four  years.     The  members  of  the  senate  are  elected  for 
four  years  ;  one-half  being  chosen  every  two  years,  at  the  time  of  the  election 
of  the  representatives.     The  state  is  divided  into  16  senatorial  districts,  in  each 
of  which  one  senator  is  chosen.     The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor, 
who  is  elected  for  the  term  of  four  years.     The  people  give  their  votes  for  a 
governor  at  the  time  and  place  of  voting  for  representatives  and  senators ;  and 
on  the  second  day  of  the  succeeding  session  of  the  general  assembly,  the  two 
houses,  by  a  joint  ballot,  elect  for  governor  one  of  the  two  candidates  who 
have  the  greatest  number  of  votes.    The  governor's  term  of  office  commences 
on  the  fourth  Monday  succeeding  his  election.    Tho  general  assembly  meets 
(since  1829,  at  Donaldson  or  Donaldsonville)  annually,  on  the  first  Monday  in 
January ;  except  in  the  years  of  the  election  of  president  of  the  United  States, 
when  it  meets  on  the  3d  Monday  in  November.     The  right  of  suffrage  is  pos- 
sessed by  every  white  male  citizen  of  the  United  States,  of  the  age  of  21  years, 
who  has  resided  in  the  county  in  which  he  offers  to  vote  one  year  next  preced- 
ing the  election,  and  who  in  the  last  six  months  prior  to  said  election  has  paid 
a  state  tax.  The  judiciary  power  is  vested  in  a  supreme  court,  which  possesses 
appellate  jurisdiction  only,  and  such  inferior  courts  as  the  legislature  may 
establish.    The  judges  are  appointed  by  the  governor,  with  the  advice  and  con- 
sent of  the  senate,  and  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior.  j 
The  governor's  salary  is  $7,000.    This  state  sends  three  representatives  to 
congress.    ■"'■    ■■■-"'  '-"  ■  ,                                                             ■-.<    ,.- 


f»  «•'■•^•v.•^•c 


nub'  'v':      •    h   >■ 


!■■'•-,    V 


m- 


'I'KNNESSKH 


Via 


there  ar« 
re  arc  few 

iliptte,  two 
ixplon^d  by 
w!ttlcment 
id«'d. 

rritory  now 
irchttHcd  of 
tion  of  this 

lited  States, 
h  n  view  to 
•  ndjuining 
bly  directed 
the  British 
the  8th  of 
ithdrew  the 

rhe  legisla- 
atives,  both 
isiana.  The 
uesday,  and 
»re  than  50 ; 

ascertained 
I  elected  for 

the  election 
icts,  in  each 
a  governor, 

votes  for  a 
[lators ;  and 
bly,  the  two 
didates  who 

commences 
jmbly  meets 
t  Monday  in 
lited  States, 
frage  is  pos- 
of  21  years, 
next  preced- 
on  has  paid 
ch  possesses 
slature  may 
ice  and  coH' 

sentatives  to 


I 


i 


TENNRSSKh:. 

Bounded  N.  by  Kentucky  ;  E.  by  North  Carolina ;  S.  by  Georgia, 
■  Alalmina,  and  MissiMsippi ;  and  W.  by  MiHsissinpi  river,  which  sepa- 
rates  It  from  Arkansas  territory.     It  lies  between  U5^  and  36"  30'  N.  lat.  and 
Ix'twwn  4"  30'  and  10°  W.  long.     It  is  430  miles  long,  104  broad,  and  con- 
tains 40,000  square  miles,  or  25,600,000  acres. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

West  Tennessee, 

Counlici. 

Pop.  I»20. 

pop.  1830,                County  Town*. 

Dim.  lYom 
\Bthville. 

Bedford 

m 

16,012 

30,444   Shelby VI lie 

62 

Carroll 

u 

9,378 

Huntingdon 

109 

Davidson 
Nashville, 

m 
town 

20,154 

22,523 
5,566 

>  Nashville 

Dickson 

wm 

5,190 

7,261 

Charlotte 

40 

Dyer 

to 

1,904 

Dyersburg 

168 

Fayette 

fie 

8,654 

Somerville 

184 

Fentress 

n 

2,760 

Jamestown 

131 

Franklin 

a 

16,571 

15,644 

Winchester 

82 

Gibson 

tc 

5,801 

Trenton 

139 

Giles 

a 

12,558 

18,920 

Pulaski 

77 

Hardiman 

»IC 

11,628 

Bolivar 

158 

Hardin 

sw 

1,462 

4,867 

Savannah 

112 

Haywood 

w 

5,356 

Brownsville 

275 

Henderson 

wm 

8,741 

Lexington 

130 

Henry 

nw 

12,230 

Paris                      .   , 

108 

Hickman 

m 

6,080 

8,132 

Vernon 

66 

Humphreys 

wm 

4,067 

6,189 

Reynoldsburgh     >  ' 

77 

Jackson 

n 

7,593 

9,902 

Gainesborough 

79 

Lawrence 

a 

3,271 

5,412 

Lawrenceburgh 

76 

Lincoln 

a 

14,761 

22,086 

Fayetteville 

73 

Madison 

w 

11,750 

Jackson 

147 

Maury 

m 

22,141 

28,153 

Columbia 

42 

McNaJry 

a 

5,697 

Purdy 

128 

Montgomery 

n 

12,219 

14,365 

Clarksville 

46 

Obion 

nw 

2,099 

Troy 

161 

Overton 

n 

7,188 

8,246 

Monroe 

109 

Perry 

wm 

2,384 

7,038 

Shannonsville 

114 

Robertson 

n 

7,270 

13,302 

Springfield 

25 

Rutherford 

m 

19,552 

26,133 

Murfreesborough 

83 

Shelby 

sw 

364 

6,652 

Memphis 

224 

Smith 

n 

17,580 

21,492 

Carthage 

52 

Sumner 

n 

19,211 

20,606 

Gallatin 

26 

Stewart 

nw 

8,397 

6,988 

Dover 

81 

Tipton 

w 

6,317 

!!]!ovington 

197 

Warren 

m 

10,348 

15,351 

VIcMinnville 

74 

Wayne 

a 

2,459 

6,013 

Waynesborough 

92 

Weakley 

nw 

4,796 

Dresden  ,  ^  ^, 

132 

White 

m 

8,701 

9,967   i 

Sparta 

92 

Williamson 

m 

20,640 

26,608    ] 

i^ranklin 

18 

Wilson                   nm 
40   Total  of  W.Tenn.' 

18,730 

25,477   J 

liebanon 

31 

ivea. 

287,501 

488,448  0 

fwhom  124,492  are  sIj 

-3^' 


124 


TENNRSSER. 


m 

m 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS.— Continue./. 

East  Tennessee. 

Counties. 

Pop.  1820. 

Pop.  IKIO. 

County  Towns. 

Dist.  frum 
Nashville 

~r95~ 

Anderson 

m 

4,468 

6,312 

Clinton 

Bledsoe 

m 

4,005 

6,448 

Pikeville 

109 

Blount 

e 

11,258 

11,027 

Marysville 

197 

Campbell 

n 

4,244 

5,110 

Jacksonborough 

215 

Carter 

ne 

4,835 

6,41.8 

Elizabethtown 

316 

Claiborne 

n 

5,508 

8,470 

Tazewell 

243 

Cocke 

e 

4,892 

6,048 

Newport 

247 

Granger 

etn 

7,651 

10,066 

Rutledge 

232 

Greene 

e 

11,221 

14,410 

Greenville 

273 

Hamilton 

sem 

821 

2,274 

Hamilton  C.  H. 

148 

Hawkins 

ne 

10,949 

13,683 

Rogersville 

264 

Jefferson 

e 

8,953 

11,799 

Dandridge 

229 

Knox 

em 

13,034 

14,498 

Knoxvillo 

199 

McMinn 

8em 

1,623 

14.497 

Athens 

153 

Marion 

s 

3,888 

5,516 

Jasper 

114 

Monroe 

se 

2,529 

13,709 

Madisonville 

168 

Morgan 

n 

1,676 

2,582 

Montgomery 

46 

Rhea 

em 

4,215 

8,182 

Washington 

129 

Roane 

e 

7,895 

11,340 

Kingston 

159 

Sevier 

e 

4,772 

5,117 

Sevier  C.  H. 

225 

Sullivan 

ne 

7,015 

10,073 

Blountsville 

306 

Washington 
22    Total  of  E. 

e 

Tenn. 

9,557 

10,995 

Jonesborough 

298 
aves. 

135,312 

196,374, 

of  whom  17,890  are  si 

West  Tennessee 
East  Tennessee 


Population. 

.  488,448 
196,374 


Slaves. 

-  124,492 

-  17,890 


Total  of  Tennessee,  684,822 

Population  at  different  Periods, 


142,382 


Population. 

1800,  105,642 

1810,  '■''1 .727 

1820,  420,^:3 

1830,  684,822 


Increase  from  1800  to  1810,    156,125 

1810      1820,    159,086 

1820     1830,    264,009 


Slaves. 

13,584 

44,535 

80,107 

142,382 


Towns. 


The  chief  towns  are  Nashville,  Knoxville,  Murfreesboro',  Clarks- 
ville,    Fayetteville,    Columbia,   Newport,    Shelbyville,    Jonesboro', 
Gallatin,  Franklin,  Winchester,  Memphis.  Jackson,   Pulaski,  Lebanon,  Car- 
thage, Charlotte,  Reynoldsburg,  Springfield,  Huntsville,  Jonesboro',  Maryville, 
Clinton,  Kingston,  M'Minnville,  and  Williamsburg. 
Nashville  is  the  metropolis  and  capital. 

The  principal   rivers    are  Mississippi,   Tennessee,  Cumberland, 
Clinch,  Duck,  Holston,  French-Broad,  Notahacky,  Hiwassee,  Tellico, 
Reelfoot,  Obion,  Forked  Deer,  Wolf,  and  Elk  river. 

Tennessee  is  washed  by  the  great  river  Mississippi  on  the  west,  and  the  fine 
rivers  Tennessee  and  Cumberland  pass  through  it  in  very  serpentine  courses. 
The  western  part  is  undulating ;  some  of  it  level ;  in  the  middle  it  is  hilly ;  and 
the  eastern  part,  known  by  the  name  of  East  Tennessee,  abounds  in  mountains, 
many  of  them  lofty,  and  presenting  scenery  peculiarly  grand  and  picturesque. 
Of  these  mountains  the  Cumberland,  or  great  Laurel  Ridge,  is  the  most  remark- 
nble.    Stone,  Yellow,  Iron  Bald,  Smoky,  and  Unaka  mountains,  join  each 


=1 


TENNESSEE. 


125 


ed. 

1 

— 

i)iRt.  from 
Vaehville 

1 

109 

vf 

197 
215 

i 

316 

■'.A 

243 

1 

247 

1 

232 

273 

148 

■I 

264 

''d 

229 

1 

199 

153 

*':$ 

114 

■^ 

168 

46 

■j^ 

129 

159 

;^ 

225 

'''(' 

306 

■■■* 

e  si 

298 
aves. 

7, 
Si 

I          . 

) 

.    - 

1 

other,  and  form  in  a  direction  nearly  north-east  and  south-west,  the  eastern  bound- 
ary  of  the  state.  North-west  of  these,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  valleys 
of  from  5  to  15  miles  wide,  are  Bay's  Mountain,  Copper  Ridge,  Clinch  Mountain, 
Powell's  Mountain,  and  Welling's  Ridge.  The  last  four  terminate  north  of  Ten- 
nessee river.  They  are  all  encircled  by  valleys,  which  open  passages  for  rivers 
and  roads,  and  which  together  with  the  numerous  cascades,  render  the  views 
very  sublime.     Caves  of  great  depth  and  extent  are  found  throughout  the  state. 

The  geological  formation  of  this  state  is  wholly  secondary,  except  a  small 
portion  of  the  eastern  part,  which  is  transition,  and  numerous  spots  on  the 
banks  of  rivers,  which  are  alluvial.  A  considerable  portion  of  the  state  is  bed- 
ded on  lime-stone.  A  large  deposit  of  gypsum  has  been  lately  discovered.  Cop- 
peras, alum,  nitre,  and  lead  are  among  the  minerals.  Some  silver  has  been 
found.  Coal  is  supposed  to  be  plentiful.  Saltpetre  is  so  abundant  as  to  form 
a  great  article  of  commerce.  There  are  several  mineral  springs,  and  many 
valuable  salt  springs. 

The  soil  in  a  country  so  uneven  must  be  very  various.  The  western  part 
of  the  state  has  a  black,  rich  soil ;  in  the  middle  are  great  quantities  of  excel- 
lent land ;  in  the  eastern,  part  of  the  mountains  are  lean,  but  there  are  many 
fertile  valleys.  There  is  a  great  profusion  of  natural  timber,  poplar,  hickory, 
walnut,  oak,  beach,  sycamore,  locust,  cherry,  sugar-maple,  &c.,  and  in  many 
places  are  great  quantities  of  cane  remarkably  thick  and  strong.  The  state 
also  aboimds  with  medicinal  plants,  such  as  snake-root,  ginseng,  Carolina  pink, 
angelica,  senna,  annise,  spikenard,  &c.  Tennessee  is  also  well  supplied  with 
animals  and  birds  of  various  kinds,  and  the  rivers  abound  in  divers  sorts  of 
fish. 

The  climate  is  generally  healthy.  In  East  Tennessee,  the  heat  is  so  tempered 
by  the  mountain  air  on  one  side,  and  by  refreshing  breezes  from  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  on  the  other,  that  this  part  of  the  state  has  one  of  the  most  desirable 
climates  in  North  America.     The  middle  part  resembles  Kentucky  in  climate. 

The  winter  in  Tennessee  resembles  the  spring  in  New  England.  Snow 
seldom  falls  to  a  greater  depth  than  10  inches,  or  lies  longer  than  10  days. 
Cumberland  river  has  been  frozen  over  but  three  times  since  the  country  was 
settled.     Cattle  are  rarely  sheltered  in  winter. 

In  the  western  parts  there  are  some  low  bottoms  on  which  the  inhabitants 
are  subject  to  bilious  fevers,  and  fever  and  ague  in  the  autumn. 

The  great  business  of  the  state  is  agriculture.  The  soil  produces  abundantly 
cotton  and  tobacco,  which  are  the  staple  commodities.  The  inhabitants  also 
raise  a  plentiful  supply  of  grain,  grass,  and  fruit.  They  export  cotton,  tobacco, 
and  flour,  in  considerable  quantities ;  also  saltpetre,  and  many  other  articles. 
The  principal  commerce  is  carried  on  through  the  Tennessee  and  Cumberland 
rivers,  and  from  them  through  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  to  New  Orleans.  This 
state  also  supplies  Kentucky,  Ohio,  &c.,  with  cottop  for  inland  manufactures  ; 
and  from  East  Tennessee  considerable  numbers  of  cattle  are  sent  to  the  sea- 
ports on  the  Atlantic. 

There  are  only  3  banks  in  this  state,  including  a  branch  of  the  United  States 
Bank  at  Nashville,  "  The  Bank  of  the  State,"  and  a  private  bank  of  Yeatman, 
Woods  &  Co.,  all  at  Nashville. 

The  state  penitentiary  is  near  Nashville,  built  in  1831,  at  an  expense  of 
about  $50,000.  It  is  3  stories  high,  310  feet  in  length,  and  50  feet  in  width, 
containing  solitary  cells. 

Nashville  University,  at  Nashville,  is  a  respectable  institution,  with 
considerable  endowments.     East  Tennessee  College  is  at  Knoxville.  ^'"**"'"- 
Greenville  College,  the  oldest  in  the  state,  is  at  Greenville ;  and  there  is  a  theo- 
logical  school  at  Maryville. 

The  Cherokee  Indians  possess  that  part  of  the  state  which  lies  to  the  south 
of  the  Tennessee  and  Hiwasse  rivers.    These  Indians  have  made  much  pro- 


fK 


ll ' 


\  ill,  -i',,.     ^ 


B»''i& 


126 


TENNESSEE, 


gress  in  the  arts  of  civilized  life,  and  pay  considerable  attention  to  education. 
There  are  several  missionary  stations  among  them,  of  which  one  of  the  most 
considerable  is  Brainerd. 

Reiigioui       The  Baptists  in  this  state  have  11  associations,  214  churches,  141 

denoinina-  ministers,  and  11,971  communicants  ;  the  Methodists,  125  preachers, 
and  38,242  members ;  the  Presbyterians,  105  churches,  60  minis- 
ters, 20  licentiates,  and  6,814  communicants ;  the  Lutherans,  10  ministers. 
The  Cumberland  Presbyterians,  computed  at  about  100,000,  reside  chiefly  in 
Tennessee  and  Kentucky. 

The  number  of  periodical  papers  in  this  state  is  20. 

The  earliest  settlements  in  this  state  were  made  between  the  years 
litory.    j^gg  ^^j  1770,  by  emigrants  from  North  Carolina  and  Virginia. 

The  country  was  included  within  the  limits  of  North  Carolina  till  1790, 
when  it  was  placed  under  a  separate  territorial  government,  denominated 
the  "  Territory  South  of  the  Ohio ;"  and  in  1796,  the  inhabitants  formed  a 
constitution,  and  Tennessee  was  admitted  into  the  Union  as  an  independent 
state. 

con«titntion  '^^^  constitution  of  this  siate  was  formed  at  Knoxville,  in  1796. 
and  govern.  The  legislative  authority  is  vested  in  a  General  Assembly,  consisting 
ment.  ^f  ^^  senate  and  house  of  representatives  ;  and  the  members  of  both 
houses  are  elected  biennially  on  the  first  Tuesday  and  Friday  in  August.  The 
number  of  representatives  is  60,  who  are  apportioned  among  the  different  coun- 
ties according  to  the  number  of  taxable  inhabitants.  The  number  of  senators 
cannot  be  less  than  one  third,  nor  more  than  one  half  of  the  number  of  repre- 
sentatives. The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  at  the 
same  time  with  the  senators  and  representatives ;  and  who  holds  his  office  for 
the  term  of  two  years,  but  is  not  eligible  more  than  six  years  in  any  term  of 
eight.  The  general  assembly  meets  (at  Nashville)  biennially,  on  the  third 
Monday  in  September,  next  following  the  election ;  and  it  may  be  called  to- 
gether, if  necessary,  at  other  times,  by  the  governor. 

The  right  of  suffrage  is  granted  to  every  freeman  of  the  age  of  21  years, 
possessing  a  freehold  in  the  county  where  jie  offers  his  vote,  and  to  every  free- 
man who  has  been  an  inhabitant  of  any  one  county  in  the  state  six  months 
immediately  preceding  the  day  of  election. 

The  judiciary  power  is  vested  in  such  superior  and  inferior  courts,  as  the 
legislature  may,  from  time  to  time,  direct  and  establish.  The  judges  are 
appointed  by  a  joint  ballot  of  both  houses,  and  hold  their  offices  during  good 
behavior. 

The  governor's  salary  is  2,000  dollars.  .   .,   ,     j,  , 

This  state  sends  thirteen  representatives  to  congress.  ,,     ,, 


• ,  'V 


KENTUCKY. 


I J 


^ 


Kentucky  is  bounded  N.  by  Illinois,  Indiana,  and  Ohio ;  E.  by  Virginia ; 
S.  by  Tennessee ;  and  W.  by  the  Mississippi.  It  extends  from  lat.  36°  30'  to 
39°  10'  N.  and  from  5°  to  10°  W.  long,  from  Washington.  Length  on  the 
southern  line,  300  miles.    Extent,  39,000  square  miles,  or  24,960,000  acres. 


I. :-;••> 


Si.  i.-t-'iji' 


•  I  Aiy/  > 


I  to  education, 
ne  of  the  most 


KENTUCKY. 


127 


iveen  the  years 
id  Virginia. 
Una  till  1790, 
:,  denominated 
tants  formed  a 
in  independent 


[6  of  21  years, 

to  every  free. 

ite  six  months 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  TOWNS. 


Counties. 


Adair 
Allen 
Anderson 
Barren 

Bath 

Boone 

Bourbon 

Bracken 


Caldwell 

Callaway 

Campbell 

Casey 

Christian 

Clarke 

Clay 

Cumberland 

Davies 

Edmondson 

Estill 

Fayette 

Fleming 
Floyd 

Franklin 

Gallatin 

Garrard 

Grant 

Graves 

Grayson 

Greene 

Greenup 
Hancock 
Hardin 
Harlan 

Harrison 
Hart 


am 

s 

m 

atom 

em 

n 

nem 

n 


Population. 


Breckenridge      wm. 

Butler  9wm 

Bullitt  mrm 


IB 

sw 
n 
m 

8W 

m 

se 

s 

wm 

9wm 

em 

m 

ne 
e 

m 

n 

m 

nm 

sw 

wm 

m 

ne 
wm 
wm 

ae 

nm 
9wm\ 


8,220 

6,486 

4,542 

14,821 

8,799 

9,012 

18,434 

6,392 

7,345 

3,055 
5,660 

8,332 

5,159 

9,893 

4,342 
12,694 
13,052 
3,549 
8,636 
6  218 
2,642 
4,618 

25,174 

13,493 
4,266 

9,251 

6,680 
11,870 
2,987 
2,503 
3,876 

13,718 

5,853 

1,494 

13,148 

2,928 

13,180 
5,292 


Town». 


Columbia 
Scottsville 
Lawrenceburg 
Glasgow 

i  Owingsville    • 

(  Sharpsburg 
Burlington 
Paris 

Millersburg 
Middletown 
Augusta 
Hardinsburg 
Cloverport 
Stephenport 
Morgantown 
Shepherdsville 
Mt.  Washington 
Princeton 
Eddyville 
VVadesborough 

{  Newport 

(  Covington 
Liberty 

Hopkinsville  ' 
Winchester 
Manchester 
Burkesville 
Owensborough 
Brownsville 
Irvine 

(  Lexington 

(  Athens 
Flemingsburg 
Prestonsburg 

(  Frankfort 

(  South  Frankfort 
Port  William 
Lancaster        0 
Williamstown 
Mayfield 
Litchfield 

(  Greensburg 

I  Campbellsville 
Greenupsburg 
Hawsville 
Elizabethtown 
Harlan  C.  H. 

£  Cynthiana 

<  Leesburg 

f  Clay  villa 

i  Munfordsville 

(  Woodsonville 


Pop. 


422 
180 
320 
617 
241 
158 
276 

1,219 
470 
195 
691 
316 
194 
64 
76 
278 
226 
366 
167 
163 
717 
743 
118 

1,263 
620 
159 
340 
229 
125 
91 

6,104 

134 

642 

81 

1,680 
307 
324 
570 
197 
44 
166 
665 
126 
204 

601 

977 
138 

48 
193 

48 


Dist.  rrom 
Frankfort. 


91 

151 

12 

126 

73 

62 

72 

43 

50 

53 

73 

118 

129 

116 

141 

74 

56 

229 

241 

262 

79 

79 

66 

206 

45 

115 

119 

150 

138 

71 

25 

35 

79 

143 


67 
52 
44 

284 

110 

90 

78 

132 

130 

80 

168 

38 

28 

50 

106 


128 


KENTUCKY. 


Iff' 


!f 


if 


W' 


'i, 


I. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUMTIES  AND  TOWT^S.— Continued. 


Countlei. 


it 


Population. 


Henderson  w 

Henry  nm 

Hickman  sw 

Hopkins         ■  w 

Jefferson  nwm 

Jessamine  m 

Knox  se 

Laurel  tern 

Lawrence  c 

Lewis       .  "  .  ne 

I.         :.t-T-S  r'     ''■ 

f  ' 

Lincoln      '   '  m 

Livingston  w 

Logan        " " '  « 

McCracken  w 

Madison  m 

Mason        _  n 

Meade       .  *.•  wm 

■*-'■  ^, 
'  •'  '■.. 

Mercer     i,,j  m 

i  ..;  ■•  '•■ 

Monroe     -  ?  i  < 

Montgomery  m 

Morgan  em 

Muhlenberg  swm 

Nelson      *^  wm 

Nicholas  nem 

Ohio  torn 

Oldham  nm 

M.   X  ■  ■  I, 

Owen  nm 

Pendleton    -  n 

Perry  se 

Pike  e 


Towns. 


6,649 
11,395 

5,193 

6,763 

24,002 

9,961 
4,321 
2,182 
3,897 

5,206 

11,012 

6,607 
13,002 

1,298 
18,035 
16,203 

4,111 

17,606 

5,125 

10,221 

2,857 

m  5»34i 

14,916 

8,832 
4,913 

9,563 

5,792 

3,866 
3,331 
2,677 


Hendersonville 
New  Castle 
i  Clinton 
I  Columbus 
Madisonville 
Louisville 
Shippingport 
Portland 
,  Williamsville 
i  Nicholasville 
I  North  Liberty 
Barboursville 
i  Hazle  Patch 
\  London 

Louisa 
C  Clarksburg 
<  Vanceburg 
f  Concord 
(  Stanford 
I  Crab  Orchard 
i  Salem 
I  Smithland 

Russellville 
{  Wilmington 
\  Paducah 

Richmond 
i  Washington 
(  Maysville 

Brandenburg 
f  Parrodsburg 
I  Danville 
j  Perryville 
L  Salvisa 

Tompkinsville 
i  Mount  Sterling 
(  Jeffersonville 

West  Liberty 

Greenville 
C  Bardstown 
<  Bloomfield 
(  Fairfield 

Carlisle 

Hartford 
'  Westport 

Bedford 

Brownsville 
,La  Grange    ■ 
(  Owenton 
(  New  Liberty 

Falmouth 

Perry  C.H.  ^ 

Pikeville 


Pop. 


Uist.  from 
Frankfort. 


483 
539 

81 
186 
112 
10,352 
607 
398 

70 
409 

62 
139 

15 

87 
62 
93 
34 
363 
234 
254 
388 
1,358 
12 
105 
947 
868 
2,040 
331 
1,051 
849 
283 
78 
220 
561 
33 
50 
217 
1,625 
301 
88 
430 
242 
314 
104 
57 
27 
143 
161 
207 

49 


180 

37 

308 

200 
52 
54 


37 

122 
102 

127 
96 
99 

51 

61 

245 

260 

171 

282 

279 

50 

63 

67 

90 

30 

40 

40 

21 

144 

60 

107 

177 

55 

44 

48 

58 

154 

44 

53 

41 

85 

28 

36 

60 

148 

165 


fc  'i 


KENTUCKY. 


ISO 


Ui8t.  from 
FranKfort. 


180 

37 

308 

200 
fv2 
54 


37 

122 
102 

127 
96 
99 


0k 


51 

/ 

61 

245 

-■j'^ 

260 

171 

282 

,        279 

% 

50 

.  ^- 

)          63 

'»'' 

■t* 

)          67 

'  ii 

[          90 

i 

L          30 

:4 

)          40 

■1 

3          40 

3          21 

■«! 

3        144 

v 

1          60 

3 

0        107 

■- 

7        177 

5         55 

■  %"% 

■m 

1          44 

1 

8         48 

■j 

0         58 

^■v^ 

2        154 

4         44 

kf- 

14         53 

-.■*vi 

i7         41 

i 

57          86 

■f 

13         28 

-'■.I 

)l          36 

* 

'■i^ 

)7          60 

t 

148 

4 

19        165 

'I'ABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  TOWNS.— Continued. 

Counties. 

Population. 

Towns. 

Pop. 

Dist.  from 
Frankfort. 

Pulaski 

am 

9,522 

Somerset 

231 

85 

Rockcastle 

sem 

2,875 

Mount  Vernon 

142 

73 

i  Jamestown 
(  Crcelsburf? 

67 

109 

Russell 

sm 

3,883 

37 

110 

Scott 

nm 

14,677 

Georgetown 

1,344 

17 

C  Shclbyville 

1,201 

21 

Shelby 

nm 

19,039 

<  Simpsonvillo 

77 

29 

(  Christiansburg 

78 

15 

Simpson 

8 

6,099 

Franklin 

280 

165 

Spencer 

in 

6,815 

Taylorsville 

248 

35 

{  Elkton 
(  Trenton 

382 

186 

Todd 

s 

8,801 

178 

200 

^  Cadiz 
(  Canton 

168 

226 

Trigg 

sw 

5,889 

146 

235 

Union 

w 

4,435 

Morganfield 

292 

205 

Warren 

swm 

10,947 

Bowling-Green 

815 

145 

C  Springfield 

618 

50 

Lebanon 

384 

59 

Washington 

m 

<  Mackville 

83 

44 

Frede  ;icksburg 

58 

59 

.  Newmarket 

43 

65 

Wayne 

s 

8,731 

Monticello 

207 

110 

Whitely    ' 

se 

3,807 

i  Whitely  C.  H. 
>  Williamsburg 

50 

130 

Woodford             m 
Total 

12,294 

\  Versailles 
(  Mortonsvillc 

904 
145 

slaves. 

13 

20 

688,844, 

of  whom  165,350  are  j 

The  above  Table  contains  all  the  towns  and  villages  in  Kentucky  of  which  the  population 
is  given  in  the  Census  of  1830.  When  two  or  more  towns  aro  given  for  the  sajne  county, 
tliu  one  placed  first  is  the  seat  of  justice. 


Population. 

In  1790,  73,677 
1800,  220,959 
1810,  406,511 
1820,  564,317 
1830,  688,844 


Population  at  differerU  Periods. 

Increase  from  1790  to  1800,  147,282 

1800      1810,  185,552 

1810      1820,  147,806 

1820      1830,  124,527 


Slaves. 

12,430 

43,344 

80,561 

120,732 

165,350 


The  principal  rivers  of  Kentucky  are  the  Ohio,  which  flows  along  the  state 
fi37  miles,  following  its  windings;  the  Mississippi,  Tennessee,  Cumberland, 
Kentucky,  Green,  Licking,  Big  Sandy,  Salt,  and  Rolling. 

Cumberland  mountains  form  the  south-east  boundary  of  this  state.  The 
eastern  counties,  bordering  on  Virginia,  are  mountainous  and  broken.  A  tract 
tVom  5  to  20  miles  wide,  along  the  banks  of  the  Ohio,  is  hilly  and  broken  land, 
interspersed  with  many  fertile  valleys.  Between  this  strip,  Green  river,  and  the 
eastern  counties,  lies  what  has  been  called  the  garden  of  the  state.  This  is  the 
most  populous  part,  and  is  about  150  miles  long,  and  from  50  to  100  wide,  and 
comprises  the  counties  of  Mason,  Fleming,  Montgomery,  Clarke,  Bourbon,  Fay- 
ette, Scott,  Harrison,  Franklin,  Woodford,  Mercer,  Jessamine,  Madison,  Garrard, 
Casey,  Lincoln,  Washington,  and  Green.  The  surface  of  this  district  is  agree- 
ably undulating,  and  the  soil  black  and  friable,  producing  black  walnut,  black 
cherry,  honey  locust,  buckeye,  pawpaw,  sugar-tree,  mulberry,  elm,  ash,  cotton 

R 


130 


IvEiNTUCKY. 


mfi 


■'■:i:''b 


U  .1,    1   ' 


m 
II 


wood,  and  white  thorn.  The  country  between  Green  and  Cumberland  rivers 
is  called  "  the  barrens."  In  1800  the  lej^isUiture  of  Kentucky  made  a  gratuitous 
grant  of  this  tract  to  actual  settlers,  under  the  improssit)n  that  it  was  of  little 
value;  but  it  proves  to  be  excellent  land;  and  hugs  find  cattle  are  raised  in 
abundance.  The  whole  state,  below  the  mountains,  rests  on  an  immense  bed 
of  limestone,  usually  about  eight  feet  below  the  surface.  There  arc  every. 
where  apertures  in  this  limestone,  through  which  the  waters  of  the  rivers  sink 
into  the  earth.  The  large  rivers  of  Kentucky,  for  this  reason,  are  more  dimin. 
ished  during  the  dry  season,  than  those  of  any  part  of  the  United  States,  and 
the  small  streams  entirely  disappear.  The  banks  of  the  rivers  are  natural 
curiosities ;  the  rivers  having  generally  worn  very  deep  channels  in  the  calca- 
reous rocks  over  which  they  flow.  The  precipices  formed  by  Kentucky  river 
are  in  many  places  awfully  cublime,  presenting  perpendicular  banks  of  300  feet 
of  solid  limestone,  surmounted  with  a  steep  and  difllcult  ascent,  four  times  as 
high.  In  the  south-west  part  of  the  state,  between  Green  river  and  the  Cumber- 
land, there  are  several  wonderful  caves. 

The  principal  productions  of  Kentucky  are  hemp,  tobacco,  wheat,  and  Indian 
corn.  Salt  springs  are  numerous,  and  supply  not  only  this  state,  but  a  great 
part  of  Ohio  and  Tennessee,  with  this  mineral.  The  principal  manufactures 
are  cloth,  spirits,  cordage,  salt,  and  maple  sugar.  Hemp,  tobacco,  and  wheat 
are  the  principal  exports.  These  are  carried  down  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  to 
New  Orleans,  and  foreign  goods  received  from  the  same  place  in  return.  Louis- 
ville, on  the  Ohio,  is  the  centre  of  this  trade.  The  introduction  of  steamboat 
navigation  on  the  Ohio  has  been  of  incalculable  benefit  to  the  commercial  and 
manufacturing  interests  of  Kentucky. 

There  is  a  tract  of  country  in  the  south-western  part  of  the  state,  east  and 
north  of  Cumberland  river,  and  watered  by  Green  and  Barren  rivers,  about  100 
miles  in  extent,  called  the  barrens,  which,  a  few  years  since,  was  a  beautilid 
prairie,  destitute  of  timber.  It  is  now  covered  with  a  young  growth  of  various 
kinds  of  trees.  These,  however,  do  not  prevent  the  growth  of  grass,  and  an 
almost  endless  variety  of  plants,  which  are  in  bloom  during  the  whole  of  tlio 
spring  and  summer ;  when  the  whole  region  is  a  wilderness  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful flowers.  The  soil  is  of  an  excellent  quality,  being  a  mixture  of  clay,  loam, 
and  sand.  Through  this  country  there  runs  a  chain  of  conical  hills,  called  knobs. 

Horses  are  raised  in  great  numbers,  and  of  the  noblest  kinds.  A  handsome 
horse  is  the  highest  pride  of  a  Kentuckian,  and  common  farmers  own  from  ten 
to  fifty.  Great  numbers  are  carried  over  the  mountains  to  the  Atlantic  states ; 
and  the  principal  supply  of  saddle  and  carriage  horses  in  the  lower  country  is 
drawn  from  Kentucky,  or  the  other  western  states.  The  horses  are  carried 
down  in  flat  boats.  Great  droves  of  cattle  are  also  driven  from  this  state,  over 
the  mountains,  to  Virginia  and  Pennsylvania. 

In  1828  the  value  of  the  cattle,  horses,  and  swine,  driven  out  of  the  state, 
numbered  and  valued  at  one  point  of  passage,  the  Cumberland  ford,  was  a 
million  dollars.  The  returns  of  the  value  of  exports,  agricultural  and  manu- 
factured, in  1829,  wanted  a  number  of  counties  of  comprising  the  whole  state; 
but  this  partial  return  gave  2,780,000  dollars. 
Mammoth       For  a  very  interesting  account  of  this  stupendous  wonder,  we  arc 

cave.  indebted  to  Dr.  Nathan  Ward,  who  published  it  in  the  Monthly 
Magazine,  of  October,  1816.  It  is  situated  in  Warren  county,  and  in  a  terri- 
tory not  mountainous,  but  broken,  differing  in  this  respect  from  all  the  other 
caverns  hitherto  known.  The  doctor,  provided  with  guides,  two  large  lamps,  a 
compass,  and  refreshments,  descended  a  pit  forty  feet  deep,  and  one  hundred 
and  twenty  in  circumference  ;  having  a  spring  of  fine  water  at  the  bottom,  and 
conducting  to  the  entrance  of  the  cavern.  The  opening,  which  is  to  the  north, 
is  from  forty  to  fifty  feet  high,  and  about  thirty  in  width.  It  narrows  shortly 
after,  but  again  expands  to  a  width  of  thirty  or  forty  feet,  and  a  height  of 


#■ 


KENTUCKY. 


131 


twenty,  continuing  tlicse  dimonsiuns  for  about  a  mile  to  tlic  first  hoppers,* 
where  a  iiiMnuliictory  of  s!ilt|)ctro  has  recently  In-en  established.     Thence  to 
the  second  of  these  hoppers,  two  miles  from  the  enUance,  it  is  forty  IL'et  in 
width,  and  sixty  in  height.    Throughout  nearly  the  whole  of  the  distance  hand- 
some walls  have  teen  made  by  tlu;  manufacturers,  of  the  loose  stones.     Tho 
road  is  hard,  and  as  smooth  as  a  (lag  pavem(.'nt.     In  every  passage  which  the* 
doctor  traversed,  the  sides  of  the  cavern  were  perpendicular,  and  tlie  arches, 
which  have  bid  defiance  even  to  earthquakes,  are  regular.     In  1802,  when  the 
heavy  shocks  of  earthquakes  came  on,  which  were  so  severely  felt  in  this  part 
of  Kentucky,  the  workmen  stationed  at  the  second  hoppers,  heard,  about  five 
minutes  tefore  each  shock,  a  heavy  rumbling  noise  issue  from  the  cave,  like  a 
strong  wind.     AVhen  that  ceased,  the  rocks  cracked,  and  the  whole  appeared  to 
te  going  in  this  moment  to  final  destruction.     However,  none  was  injured,  al- 
though large  portions  of  rock  fell  in  dilFerent  parts  of  the  cavern. 

In  advancing  into  the  cavern,  the  avenu(^  leads  from  the  second  hoppers, 
west,  one  mile ;  and  thence,  south-west,  to  the  chief  area  or  city,  which  is  six 
miles  from  the  entrance.  This  avenue,  throughout  its  whole  extent  from  the 
above  station  to  the  cross-roads,  or  chief  area,  is  from  sixty  to  one  hundred  feet 
in  height,  of  a  similar  width,  and  nearly  on  a  level,  the  floor  or  bottom  being 
covered  with  loose  lime-stone,  and  saltpetre  earth.  When,  ob'^erves  the  doctor, 
I  reached  this  immense  area,  (called  the  chief  city,)  which  contains  more  than 
eighty  acres,  without  a  single  pillar  to  support  the  arch,  which  is  entire  over  tho 
whole,  I  was  struck  dumb  with  astonishment.  Nothing  can  be  more  sublime 
and  grand  than  this  place,  of  which  but  a  faint  idea  can  be  conveyed,  covered 
with  one  solid  arch  at  least  one  hundred  feet  high,  and  to  all  appearance  entire. 

Having  entered  the  area,  the  doctor  perceived  five  large  avenues  leading  from 
it,  from  sixty  to  one  hundred  feet  in  width,  and  about  forty  in  height.  The 
stone  walls  are  arched,  and  are  from  forly  to  eighty  feet  perpendipular  in  height 
before  the  commencement  of  the  arch. 

In  exploring  these  avenues,  the  precaution  was  taken  to  cut  arrows  pointing 
to  the  mouth  of  the  cave,  on  the  stone  teneath  the  feet,  to  prevent  any  difficulty 
in  the  return.  The  first  which  was  traversed,  took  a  southerly  direction  for 
more  than  two  miles ;  when  a  second  was  taken,  which  led  first  east,  and  then 
north,  for  more  than  two  further.  These  windings  at  length  brought  the  party, 
by  another  avenue,  to  the  chief  city  again,  after  having  traversed  different 
avenues  for  more  than  five  miles.  Having  reposed  for  a  few  moments  on  the 
slabs  of  lime-stone  near  the  centre  of  this  gloomy  area,  and  refreshed  them- 
selves and  trimmed  their  lamps,  they  departed  a  second  time,  through  an  avenue 
almost  north,  parallel  with  the  one  leading  from  the  chief  city  to  the  mouth  of 
the  cavern ;  and,  having  proceeded  more  than  two  miles,  came  to  a  second  city. 
This  is  covered  with  a  single  arch,  nearly  two  hundred  feet  high  in  the  centre, 
and  is  very  similar  to  the  chief  city,  except  in  the  number  of  its  avenues  which 
are  two  only.  They  crossed  it  over  a  very  considerable  rise  in  the  centre,  and 
descended  through  an  avenue  which  bore  to  the  east,  to  the  distance  of  nearly 
a  mile,  vhen  they  came  to  a  third  area,  or  city,  about  one  hundred  feet  square, 
and  fifty  in  height,  which  had  a  pure  and  delightful  stream  of  water  issuing 
from  the  side  of  a  wall  about  t|j^rty  feet  high,  and  which  fell  on  a  broken  sur- 
face of  stone,  and  was  afterwards  entirely  lost  to  view. 

Having  passed  a  few  yards  beyond  this  teautiful  sheet  of  water,  so  as  to 
reach  the  end  of  the  avenue,  the  party  returned  about  five  hundred  yards,  and 
passing  over  a  considerable  mass  of  stone,  entered  another,  but  smaller  avenue 
to  the  right,  which  carried  them  south  through  a  third,  of  an  uncommonly  black 
hue,  rather  more  than  a  mile ;  when  they  ascended  a  very  steep  hill  about  sixty- 
yards,  which  conducted  them  to  within  the  walls  of  the  fourth  city.     It  is  not 

*  A  liopper  is  an  inverted  cone,  into  wliich  grain  is  put  at  a  mill,  before  it  runs  betweea 
the  stones. 


*-l 


h  r  ^t 


(. 


133 


KENTUCKY. 


inferior  to  the  second,  having  an  arch  which  covers  at  least  six  acres.  In  tliis 
last  avenue,  the  extremity  of  wJiich  cannot  bo  less  than  four  miles  from  the 
chief  city,  and  ten  from  the  mouth  of  the  cavern,  are  more  than  twenty  largo 
piles  of  saltpetre  earth  on  the  one  side,  and  broken  lime-stone  heaped  on  the 
other,  evidently  the  work  of  human  hands. 

From  the  course  of  his  needle,  the  doctor  expected  that  this  avenue  would 
have  led  circuitously  to  the  chief  city,  but  was  much  disappointed  when  he 
reached  the  extremity,  at  a  few  hundred  yards'  distance  from  the  fourth  city. 
In  retracing  his  steps,  not  having  paid  a  due  attention  to  mark  the  entrances  of 
the  different  avenues,  he  was  greatly  l)ewildered,  and  once  completely  lost  him- 
self for  nearly  tiflcen  or  twenty  minutes.  ,  Thus,  faint  and  wearied,  he  did  not 
reach  the  chief  area  till  ten  at  night ;  but  was  still  determined  to  explore  the 
cavern  as  long  as  his  light  should  last.  Having  entered  the  fifth  and  last  avenue 
from  the  chief  area,  and  proceeded  south-east  about  nine  hundred  yards,  he 
came  to  the  fifth  area,  the  arch  of  which  covers  more  than  four  acres  of  level 
ground,  strewed  with  lime-stone,  and  having  fire-beds  of  uncommon  size,  sur- 
rounded with  brands  of  cane,  interspersed.  Another  avenue  on  the  opposite 
side,  led  to  one  of  still  greater  capacity,  the  walls  or  sides  of  which  were  more 
perfect  than  any  that  had  been  noticed,  running  almost  due  south  for  nearly  a 
mile  and  a  half,  and  being  very  level  and  straight,  with  an  elegant  arch.  While 
the  doctor  was  employed  at  the  extremity  of  this  avenue,  in  sketching  a  plan 
of  the  cave,  one  of  his  guides,  who  had  strayed  to  a  distance,  called  on  him  to 
follow.  Leaving  the  other  guide,  he  was  led  to  a  vertical  passage,  which  opened 
into  a  chamber  at  least  1800  feet  in  circumference,  and  the  centre  of  the  arch 
of  which  was  160  feet  in  height. 

It  was  past  midnight  when  he  entered  this  chamber  of  eternal  darkness ;  and 
when  he  reflected  on  the  different  avenues  through  which  he  had  passed  since 
he  had  penetrated  the  cave  at  eight  in  the  morning,  and  now  found  himself 
buried  several  miles  in  the  dark  recesses  of  this  awful  cavern — the  grave  per- 
haps of  thousands  of  human  beings — he  felt  a  shivering  horror.  The  avenue, 
or  passage  which  led  from  it,  was  as  large  as  any  he  had  entered ;  and  it  is 
uncc;lain  how  far  he  might  have  travelled  had  not  his  light  failed  him.  All 
those  who  have  any  knowledge  of  this  cave,  he  observes,  conjecture  that  Green 
river,  a  stream  navigable  several  hundred  miles,  passes  over  three  of  its  branches. 
After  a  lapse  of  nearly  an  hour,  he  descended  by  what  is  called  the  "  passage 
of  the  chimney,"  and  joined  the  other  guide.  Thence  returning  to  the  chief 
area  or  city,  where  the  lamps  were  trimmed  for  the  last  time,  he  entered  the 
spacious  avenue  which  led  to  the  second  hoppers.  Here  he  found  various  curi- 
osities, such  as  spats,  petrifactions,  &c. ;  and  these  he  brought  away,  together 
with  a  mummy,  which  was  found  at  the  second  hoppers.  He  reached  the  mouth 
of  the  cave  about  three  in  the  morning,  almost  exhausted  with  nineteen  hours 
of  constant  fatigue.  He  nearly  fainted  on  leaving  it,  and  on  inhaling  the  vapid 
air  of  the  atmosphere,  after  having  so  long  breathed  the  pure  air,  occasioned 
by  the  nitre  of  the  cave ;  his  pulse  beat  stronger  when  within,  but  not  so  quick 
as  when  on  the  surface. 

Here  the  doctor  observes,  that  he  has  hardly  described  half  the  cave,  not 
having  named  the  avenues  between  the  mouthjwid  the  second  hoppers.  This 
part  of  his  narrative  is  of  equal  interest  with  what  has  been  already  given.  He 
states  that  there  is  a  passage  in  the  main  avenue,  more  than  nine  hundred  feet 
from  the  entrance,  like  that  of  a  trap-door ;  by  sliding  aside  a  large  flat  stone, 
you  can  descend  sixteen  or  eighteen  feet  in  a  very  narrow  defile,  where  the 
passage  comes  on  a  level,  and  winds  about  in  such  a  manner,  as  to  pass  under 
the  main  passage  without  having  any  communication  with  it,  at  length  opening 
into  the  main  cave  by  two  large  passages  just  beyond  the  second  hoppers.  This 
is  called  the  "  glauber-salt  room,"  the  bat  room,  and  the  flint  room,  together 
with  a  winding  avenue,  which,  branching  off  at  the  second  hoppers,  runs  west 


KENTUCKY. 


133 


'cs.  In  this 
es  from  the 
;wenty  largo 
aped  on  the 

venue  would 
ed  when  he 
fourth  city, 
entrances  ol 
ely  lost  him- 
[1,  he  did  not 
I  explore  the 
\  last  avenue 
d  yards,  he 
ores  of  level 
on  size,  sur- 
the  opposite 
h  were  more 
for  nearly  a 
arch.  While 
ching  a  plan 
ed  on  him  to 
k'hich  opened 
!  of  the  arch 

irkness ;  and 

passed  since 

jnd  himself 

[grave  per- 

'^he  avenue, 

;  and  it  is 

him.     All 

that  Green 

ts  branches. 

18  "  passage 

to  the  chief 

entered  the 


,»* 


and  south-east  Pjr  more  than  two  miles.  It  is  called  ihc  "  haunted  chamber," 
from  the  echo  within ;  its  arch  is  very  kmutifully  incrusted  with  lime-stono 
spar;  and  in  many  placx\s  th<;  roiunuis  of  s|)nr  are  truly  drgant,  extending  from 
the  ceiling  to  the  floor.  Near  tlu;  centre  of  this  arch  is  a  tioiiie,  apparently  fifty 
feet  high,  hung  in  rich  drapery,  festooned  in  the  most  fanciful  manner,  for  six 
or  eight  feet  from  the  hangings,  and  in  colors  the  most  rich  and  brilliant.  By 
the  reflections  of  one  or  two  lights,  the  columns  of  spar  and  the;  stalactites  have 
a  very  romantic  appearance.  Of  this  spar  a  large  cellar,  calU^d  "  Wilkins'  arm 
chair,"  has  been  formed  in  the  centre  of  the  avenue,  and  encircled  with  many 
smaller  ones.  The  columns  of  spar,  fluted  and  studded  with  knobs  of  spar 
and  stalactites ;  the  drapery  of  various  colors  superbly  festooned,  and  hung  in 
the  most  graceful  manjier ;  these  are  shown  with  the  greatest  brilliancy  by  tho 
reflection  of  the  lamps. 

In  the  vicinity  of  the  *'  haunted  chamber"  the  sound  of  a  cataract  was  heard  ; 
and  at  the  extremity  of  the  avenue  was  a  reservoir  of  water,  very  clear,  and 
grateful  to  the  taste,  apparently  having  neither  inlet  nor  outlet.  Here  the  air, 
as  in  many  other  parts  of  the  cave,  was  pure  and  delightful.  Not  far  from  the 
reservoir,  an  avenue  presented  itself,  within  which  were  several  columns  of  the 
most  brilliant  spar,  sixty  or  seventy  feet  in  height,  and  almost  perpendicular, 
standing  in  basins  of  water ;  which,  as  well  as  the  columns,  the  doctor  observes, 
surpasses  in  splendor  and  beauty,  every  similar  work  of  art  ho  had  ever  seen. 

Returning  by  a  beautiful  pool  of  water,  the  doctor  came  to  the  second  hop- 
pers,  where  he  had  found  the  mummy  before  alluded  to.  It  had  been  removed 
from  another  cave,  for  preserv'ation,  and  was  presented  to  him  by  his  friend, 
Mr.  Wilkins,  together  with  the  apparel,  jewels,  music,  &c.  with  which  it  was 
accompanied.  It  has  since  been  placed  in  the  Washington  Museum,  the  pro- 
prietor of  which  thinks  it  probable  that  this  mummy  is  as  ancient  as  the  immense 
mounds  of  the  western  country,  which  have  so  much  astonished  the  world. 

The  statepenitentiary,  at  Frankfort,  contained,  in  September,  1830, 
101  convicts.    This  institution  was  formerly  an  expense  to  the  state;  nry  and  hog. 
but  since  1825,  under  the  management  of  its  present  keeper  (Mr.  Joel     P''"'*- 
Scott),  it  has  more  than  supported  itself.   At  Lexington  there  is  a  Lunatic  Asy- 
lum ;  at  Danville,  an  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb ;  at  Louisville  and  Smith- 
land,  on  the  Ohio,  hospitals  for  sick  and  disabled  boatmen. 

A  canal  about  two  miles  long,  around  the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  at  Louis- 
ville, was  finished  in  1831,  and  duriag  104  days,  before  it  was  closed     ^°"'''" 
by  the  ice,  827  boats,  of  76,000  tons,  passed  through,  of  which  406  were  steam- 
boats.    A  rail-road  is  in  progress  from  Lexington  to  the  Ohio. 

The  Bank  of  the  United  States  has  offices  of  discount  and  deposit 
at  Lexington  and  Louisville.  °"  *' 

There  are  two  banks  chartered  by  the  state,  namely,  the  Bank  of  Kentucky 
and  the  Bank  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Kentucky,  at  Frankfort,  formerly  hav- 
ing branches  in  other  places ;  but  they  have  withdrawn  all  their  branches,  and 
are  now  winding  up  their  accounts.  The  state  owns  a  part  of  the  stock  of  the 
former  of  the  two  banks,  and  the  whole  of  that  of  the  latter. 

Transylvania  University,  in  Lexington,  is  the  oldest  and  most  cele-  g-^g^jg^ 
brated  institution  in  the  western  states,  and   has  medical  and  law 
schools  connected  with  it.     Centre  College  is  established  at  Danville ;  Augusta 
College,  at  Augusta ;  Cumberland  College,  at  Princeton ;  and  St.  Joseph's  Col- 
lege, a  respectable  Catholic  seminary,  at  Bairdstown. 
The  number  of  periodical  papers  in  1831  was  25.  -  '^  i- 

The  Baptists  in  this  state  have  25  associations,  442  churches,  289  j^^j.  .^^^ 
ministers,  and  37,520  communicants ;  the  Methodists,  77  preachers,  denomi'na. 
and  23,935  members ;  the  Presbyterians,  103  churches,  01  ministers,      *''*^'- 
9  licentiates,  and  7,832  communicants ;  the  Roman  Catholics,  about  30  priests ; 


tl-„- 


^" 


134 


KKNTUCKY. 


fi  ■ 


Pin  p"!' 


'I  n 


History. 


ihe  Episcopalians,  5  ministera ;  tho  C'liiubtjilaiul  Presbyterians  are  also  numcr* 
ous  in  Kentucky. 

The  first  pormnnont  sr^ttlcinent  of  tliis  state  was  l)opun  on  Ken- 
tucky river,  in  HTT),  by  the  famous  J)anit'l  iJoonf,  a  natives  of  Mary- 
land. It  formcil  a  part  of  Virginia  till  17U0 ;  and  in  17U2,  it  was  erected  into 
an  independent  state. 

On  the  separation  of  Kentucky  from  Virginia,  in  1790,  n  constitu- 
and  govern- tion  was  adopted  which  Continued  in  force  till  1799,  when  a  new  one 

inont.  ^^g  forrjicd  instcnid  of  it ;  and  this  is  now  in  forcf?.  Tlie  le<;islative 
power  's  vested  in  a  senate  and  house  of  representatives,  which  tofjelher  are 
styled  The  General  Assembly  of  tho  Commonwealth  of  Kentucky.  The  repre. 
sentatives  are  elected  annually,  and  arc  apportioned,  every  four  years,  among 
tho  different  counties  according  to  tlie  number  of  electors.  Their  present  num- 
ber is  100,  which  is  the  highest  number  that  the  constitution  authorizes ;  58 
being  tho  lowest.  The  senators  are  elected  for  four  years,  one  quarter  of  them 
being  chosen  annually.  Their  present  number  is  38  ;  and  they  cannot  exceed 
this  number,  nor  fall  short  of  24.  The  executive  ])ower  is  vested  in  a  governor, 
who  is  elected  for  four  years,  and  is  ineligible  for  the  succeeding  seven  years 
after  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office.  At  the  election  of  governor,  a  lieu- 
tenant-governor  is  also  chosen,  who  is  speaker  of  the  senate,  and  on  whom  the 
duties  of  the  governor  devolve,  in  case  of  his  absence  or  removal.  The  repre- 
sentatives and  one  quarter  of  the  members  of  the  senate  are  elected  annually  by 
the  people,  on  the  first  Monday  in  August ;  the  governor  is  elected  by  the  peo- 
pie,  every  fourth  year,  at  the  same  time ;  and  he  commences  the  execution  of 
his  cfRce  on  the  fourth  Tuesday  succeeding  the  day  of  the  commencement  of  the 
elecdon  at  which  he  is  chosen.  Tho  polls  are  l;ept  open  three  days ;  and  tho 
votes  are  given  openly,  or  viva  voce,  and  not  by  ballot.  The  general  assembly 
meets  (at  Frankfort)  annually  on  the  first  Monday  in  November.  Tlie  consti- 
tution grants  the  right  of  suffrage  to  every  free  male  citizen  (people  of  color 
excepted),  who  has  attained  the  age  of  21  years,  and  has  resided  in  the  state 
two  years,  or  in  the  county  where  he  offers  his  vote,  one  year,  next  preceding 
the  election.  The  judiciary  power  is  vested  in  a  supreme  court,  styled  the 
court  of  appeals,  and  in  such  inferior  courts  as  the  general  assembly  may,  from 
time  to  time,  erect  and  establish.  The  judges  of  the  different  courts,  and  jus. 
tices  of  the  peace,  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior. 

The  salary  of  the  governor  is  2,000  doilars. 

This  state  sends  13  representatives  to  congress. 


OHIO. 

Length  210  miles;  mean  breadth,  200  miles:  containing  40,000  square 
miles,  and  25,000,000  acres.  Between  38°  30'  and  41°  19'  N.  latitude  ;  and 
between  3°  31'  and  7°  41'  W.  from  Washington.  Bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
territor-y  of  Michigan,  and  Lake  Erie ;  E.  by  Pennsylvania ;  S.  E.  by  Virginia, 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Ohio ;  S.  by  the  Ohio,  which  separates  it 
from  Virginia  and  Kcatucky;  and  W.  by  Indiana. 


;* 


t-  k 


oitin, 


185 


),  a  constitu- 
II  a  new  ono 
le  lejiislativo 
tofjctlior  aro 

Tlio  rcpro- 
fears,  among 
[)rrsent  num- 
thorizcs ;  58 
arterof  thoni 
annot  cxconl 
1  a  governor, 
seven  years 
crnor,  a  lieu- 
on  whom  the 

The  repre- 
1  annually  hy 
d  by  the  peo- 
1  execution  of 
cement  of  the 
ays ;  and  tlie 
eral  assembly 

The  const!- 
eople  of  color 
d  in  the  state 
lext  preceding 
irt,  styled  the 
bly  may,  from 
)urts,  and  jus. 


'i'ABI.I-;  Ol- 

Tin; «:() 
Pop,  inyn. 
iy,278 

If.NTIKM  AM)  COirNTY  TOWNS. 

[)7«t.  IVoin 
I'l  lilliibiii. 

101 

I'liiintlc*. 

ftl.M. 

County  Towni. 

Pop. 

420 

Aduiiiii 

a 

550 

West  Union 

Allen 

mil         57h1 

642 

WiipMghkonctta 

110 

Aslitabulu 

m: 

11,5841 

705 

Jellirsou 

270 

101 

Athens 

ac 

0,703' 

744 

Athena 

729 

73 

Iklmont 

e 

28,412! 

.  63(J 

St.  Cliiirsvillo 

7H9 

124 

Mrown 

a 

17,H07J 

402 

( leorgetowa 

325 

104 

Butler 

SIC 

27,044 

486 

Hamilton 

1,097 

101 

Champaign 

wni 

12,130 

417 

Ifrbana 

1,102 

50 

Clark 

sicm 

13,074 

412 

Springfield 

1,080 

43 

Clermont 

sir 

20,460 

515 

Hatavia 

426 

109 

Clinton 

am 

11,292 

400 

Wilmington 

607 

67 

Columbiana 

e 

35,50rt 

'^65 

New  Lisbon 

1,138 

152 

Coschocton 

cm 

11,162 

562 

Coshocton 

333 

84 

Crawford 

nm 

4,778 

5h4 

Ihicyrus 

298 

69 

Cuyahoga 

ne 

10,300 

475 

(Jlcaveland 

1,076 

138 

Dark 

w 

•    6,203 

(iOO 

Greenville 

160 

103 

Delaware 

m 

11,523 

610 

Delaware 

532 

23 

Fairfield 

m 

24,788 

540 

Lancaster 

1,530 

28 

Fayetto 

am 

8,180 

415 

Washington 

300 

45 

Franklin 

m 

14,766 

520 

Columbus 

2,437 

Gallia 

s 

9,733 

495 

(iallipolis 

755 

108 

(ieauga 

711 

15,813 

600 

(Jhardon,  township 

881 

157 

(Jreen 

stvm 

15,084 

416 

Xcnia 

919 

57 

Gl  .^nsey 

cm 

18,036 

621 

Cambridge 

518 

83 

Hardin 

wm 

500 

[Tardy 

66 

Hamilton 

aw 

52,321 

400 

Cincinnati               ; 

24,831 

112 

Hancock 

nwm 

813 

575 

Findlay 

52 

114 

Harrison 

c 

20,920 

450 

Cadiz 

820 

124 

Henry 

nw 

260 

474 

Damascus 

161 

Highland 

am 

16,347 

555 

Hillsborough 

564 

74 

Hocking 

am 

4,008 

432 

Logan 

97 

47 

Holmes 

•m 

9,133 

400 

Millersburg 

319 

80 

Huron 

n 

13,346 

840 

Norwalk 

310 

113 

Jackson 

a 

5,974 

492 

Jackson 

329 

74 

Jefferson 

e 

22,489 

400 

Steubenville 

2,937 

149 

Knox 

m 

17,124 

610 

Mount  Vernon 

1,021 

45 

Lawrence 

a 

5,366 

426 

Burlington 

149 

135 

Licking 

.  m 

20,864 

666 

Newark 

999 

34 

Lorain 

n 

5,696 

555 

Elyria 

668 

130 

Logan 

wm 

6,442 

425 

Belle  Fontaine 

266 

62 

Madison 

m 

6,190 

448 

London 

249 

27 

Marion 

m 

6,558 

527 

Marion 

287 

47 

Medina 

nem 

7,560 

473 

Medina,  townahip 

622 

111 

Meigs 

ae 

6,159 

405 

Chester 

164 

94 

Mercer 

w 

1,110 

570 

St.  Mary's 

92 

111 

Miami 

wm 

12,806 

444 

Troy 

504 

78 

Monroe 

ae 

8,770 

563 

Woodsfield 

157 

140 

Montgomery 

jcm 

24,252 

450 

Dayton 

2,965 

66 

Morgan 

ae 

11,796 

500 

McConnelsville 

267 

70 

Muskingum 
Paulding 

m 
nw 

29,325 
160 

664 
432 

Zancsvillc 

3,094 

59 

Perry          • 

sm 

14,018 

402 

Somerset 

576 

46 

^f'Vir 


n 


,i» 


'mm  - 


136 


OHIO. 


TAULK 

OK  TIIH  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS-<; 

tmfinued. 

Counties. 

I'np.  im:«». 

H<|.  M. 
495 

County  Town*. 

Top. 

Ilixt.  from 
Ciililiiibii*. 

20 

Pickaway 

7/1 

If),}):}:) 

(.'irclcvillo 

1,130 

riko 

8 

(J,(»i.'l 

414 

I'ikcton 

271 

65 

I'ortngo 

nc 

lH,Hi>7 

752 

Ravenna,  tmcnship 

800 

127 

Prcl.Io 

w 

10, LW) 

432 

ICaton 

511 

02 

I'utnam 

nw 

2M0 

570 

Sujrar  Grovo 

148 

Richland 

nm 

24,007 

900 

Mansfield 

840 

71 

Koss 

srn 

24,or);j 

072 

Chillicotho 

2,840 

45 

Sandusky 

n 

2,851 

050 

Lower  Sandusky 

351 

103 

Scioto 

8 

8,730 

581 

I'ortsmoutli 

1,064 

91 

S(!ncca 

nm 

r),i48 

540 

Tidin 

248 

86 

Shelby 

wm 

a,07i 

418 

Sydney 

240 

86 

Stark 

cm 

20,784 

780 

('anion 

1,257 

116 

Trumbull 

nc 

26,154 

875 

Warren 

510 

167 

Tuscarawas 

cm 

14,298 

054 

New  I'hiladolplua 

410 

107 

Union 

cm 

3,192 

430 

Mary.svillo 

142 

37 

Van  Wert 

nw 

49 

432 

VVillshiro     • 

146 

Warren 

sjvm 

21,493 

400 

Lebanon 

1,157 

83 

Washington 

8C 

11,731 

070 

Marietta 

1,207 

106 

Wayne 

nm 

23,344 

000 

Wooster 

977 

86 

Williams 

nw 

377 

600 

Defiance 

52 

175 

Wood                     nw 
Total 

1,095 

744 

Pcrrysburg 

182 

136 

937,679 

40,150 

In  1790,  about  3,000 
1800,         45,3,35 


Population  at  different  Periods, 
Popuiition. 


1810, 
1820, 
1830, 


230,760 
681,434 
937,637 


Increase  from  1790  to  1800, 

1800      1810, 

1810      1820, 

1820      1830, 


43,365 
195,395 
350,674 
356,203 


The  rivers  which  flow  into  Lake  Erie  on  the  north,  are  Maumce,  Sandusky, 
Huron,  Vermilion,  Black,  Cuyahoga,  Grand,  and  Ashtabula ;  those  in  the 
south  flowing  into  the  Ohio,  are  the  Muskingum,  Hockho<jking,  Little  and 
Great  Miami.  The  Au-Glaize  and  St.  ]\!ary's  in  the  western  part  of  the  state, 
are  branches  of  the  Maumee. 

The  interior  and  northern  pai  1  of  the  country,  bordering  on  Lake  Erie,  are 
generally  level,  and  in  some  places  marshy.  Nearly  one-third  of  the  eastern  and 
south-eastern  part  is  very  hilly  and  broken.  The  hills  are  exceedingly  numer- 
ous,  but  they  seldom  rise  into  considerable  mountains.  Immediately  upon  the 
banks  of  the  Ohio,  and  several  of  its  tributaries,  are  numerous  tracts  of  interval 
or  meadow  land,  of  great  fertility.  In  the  interior,  on  both  sides  of  the  Scioto, 
and  on  the  Great  and  Little  Miami,  are  perhaps  the  most  extensive  bodies  of 
level  and  rich  land  in  the  state.  In  many  parts  there  are  large  prairies,  par- 
ticularly on  the  head  waters  of  the  Muskingum  and  Scioto,  and  between  the 
Scioto  and  the  two  Miamis.  Some  of  these  prairies  are  low  and  marshy,  pro- 
ducing large  quantities  of  coarse  grass,  from  2  to  5  feet  high ;  some  of  which 
is  of  a  tolerably  good  quality  :  other  prairies  are  elevated,  and  are  frequently 
called  barrens ;  not  always  on  account  of  their  sterility,  for  they  are  often  fer- 
tile. The  most  elevated  tracts  of  country  between  the  rivers,  are  the  wettest 
and  most  marshy  in  the  state ;  and  the  driest  land  is  that  which  borders  on  the 
various  streams  of  water.  Among  the  forest  trees,  are  oak  of  various  species, 
maple,  hickory,  beach,  birch,  poplar,  sycamore,  ash,  pawpaw,  buck-eye, 
cherry,  &c. 


K 


so 
O 

2 
r 
n 


o 

s: 
w 


OHIO.  137 

Whf'ot  is  llu'  staple  of  tlio  stutc.  Other  sorts  of  grain,  various  kinds  of  fruit, 
grnss,  iK'nip,  niitl  flax,  aro  extensively  cultivnfeil.  From  70  to  !(»(»  bushels  of 
liiiiirin  coru,  it  is  said,  have,  in  niuuy  instaruTs,  huo.n  produced  in  a  ycur 
from  t)ne  acre. 

Coul  is  found  in  groat  cjuaniities  in  the  eastern  parts. 
Iron  ore  has  been  disi-ovcred  and  \vrou;.dU  pretty  ex- 
tensively in  several  places,  particularly  on  th".-  soulli 
of  Licking  river,  4  miles  west  of  Zanesviljo,  on  Ilriisli 
creek,  and  in  some  other  places.  iSalt  sprin;j;s  are  loinid 
on  some  of  the-  eastern  waters  of  Miiskinjfuni,  and  on 
Sail  creek,  "JH  miles  south-east  of  Chillicol he,  when;  ther(! 
are  considerable  sail  works. 

The  summers  are  warm  and  pretty  recrular,  though 
somewhat  subject  lo  tornadoes.  Spring  and  autumn  are 
very  pleasant;  and  the  winters  generally  mild.  In  some 
parts  near  the  marshes  and  stagnant  wafers,  the  inhab- 
itants are  subject  to  the  ii'ver  and  aiiue  ;  but  the  climate, 
generally,  is  accounted  remarkably  healtliy. 

Ohio  takes  the  lead  among  the  we.st(>rn  states  with 
regard  to  manidacturcs.  Some  of  th(>  most  important 
manufacturing  towns  are  Cincinnati,  Zanesvillc,  fcjteu- 
benvillc,  and  (Jhillicothe. 

The  building  of  ships  has  l)cen  commenced  in  this  stale 
for  the  purpose  of  carrying  its  pro<luce  to  ir\yrket.  These 
are  laden  at  spring-flood,  and  descend  the  fivers  in  per- 
fect safety  to  the  Atlantic,  whence  they  proceed  to  the 
West  Inrlies,  or  other  parts,  where  they  arc  disposed  of, 
both  vessel  and  cargo.  The  first  ships  built  liere  were 
in  1802,  at  Marietta.  Their  frames  were  almost  wholly 
of  black  walnut,  which  is  said  to  be  as  durable  as  the 
live-ofik.  All  the  materials  for  ship-building  abound  in 
this  country. 

The  exports  from  this  state  consist  of  flour,  corn, 
hemp,  flax,  beef,  pork,  smoked  hams  of  venison, 
whisky,  peach-brandy,  and  lumber. 

More  than  half  of  the  exports  go  to  New  Orleans  ;  but 
much  is  sent  to  New  York  and  other  Atlantic  cities. 

The  Ohio  Canal  forms  a  communication  between  the 
river  Ohio,  at  Portsmouth,  and  lake  Erie,  at  Clcaveland, 
320  miles  in  length. 

The  Miami  Canal,  which  is  completed  from  Cincin- 
nati to  Dayton,  65  miles,  has  22  locks,  and  cost 
8746,000,  about  $11,000  a  mile.  It  extends  through 
the  richest  portion  of  the  state,  and  is  the  channel  of  an 
extensive  trade. 

The  Bank  of  the  United  Stat^  s  has  an  ofiice  of  dis- 
count and  deposit  at  Cincinnati ;  and  under  the  authority 
of  the  state  are  the  following  banks,  namely,  the  banks 
of  Chillicothe,  Marietta,  St.  Clairsville,  Steubcnville, 
Mount  Pleasant,  and  Canton;  Franklin  Bank  of  Colunv 
bus,  at  Columbus  ;  Lancaster  Ohio  Bank,  at  Lancaster ; 
Urbana  Banking  Company,  at  Urbana ;  Bank  of  Scioto, 
at  Portsmouth ;  and  Western  Reserve  Bank,  at  Warren. 

The  principal  literary  seminaries  in  this 
state  are  the  University  of  Ohio,  at  Athens ;  ='*'"='""'"•        h  Porttm,uih 
Miami  University,  at  Oxford;   Western  Reserve  Col-       "  ouoRivtr 

S 


Lulu  r.i-i* 
CleavtU»il 


IB    Cnijahoga  R> 
Akron 

Ktndall 

t 

Btthltkim 

/.oar 
Dover 
JV.  J'hila. 

Onaitnhuiton 


'  OBikacton 


JVVwark 


'D*ipCia 


CircUviU$ 


ChiUieotAs 


v> 


Pduton 


fU      1    }'t 


•-f 


138 


OHIO. 


Mr 


lege,  at  Hudson ;  Kenyon  College,  at  Gambler ;  and  the  Medical  College  of 
Ohio,  at  Cincinnati. 

A  system  of  common  schools  has  been  lately  introduced  by  law  into  this 
state.  "  An  act  to  provide  for  the  support  and  better  regulation  of  common 
.ichools"  was  passed  by  the  legislature  in  March,  1831,  "to  take  effect  and  be 
in  force  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  May"  following.  This  act  declares, 
"  that  a  fund  shall  be  raised  in  the  several  counties  in  the  state  for  the  use  of 
common  schools,  for  the  instruction  of  the  white  youth  of  every  class  and 
grade,  without  distinction,  in  reading,  writing,  and  arithmetic,  and  other 
necessary  branches  of  education; — that  for  this  purpose  there  shall  be  an- 
nually levied  and  assessed  upon  the  ad  valorem  amount  of  the  general  list  of 
taxable  property  in  each  county  of  the  state,  the  property  of  blacks  and  mu. 
lattoes  excepted,  three  fourths  of  a  mill  on  the  dollar ;  that  the  trustees  of  each 
incorporated  township  in  this  state,  where  the  same  has  not  been  already  done, 
shall  lay  off"  their  township  into  school  districts  in  a  manner  most  convenient 
for  the  population."  Further  provisions  are  made  for  carrying  the  system 
into  effect. 
Reiieioiis  ^^^  Presbyterians  in  this  state  have  346  churches,  192  ministers, 
denoniina-  11  licentiates,  and  22,150  communicants;  the  Baptists,  14  associa- 

''""■•  tions,  240  churches,  140  ministers,  and  8,801  communicants;  the 
Methodists,  91  preachers,  and  36,064  members ;  the  Lutherans,  37  ministers, 
and  8,706  communicants ;  the  Associate  Presbyterians,  65  congregations,  20 
ministers,  and  4,225  communicants ;  the  German  Reformed,  82  congregations, 
and  3,750  communicants;  the  Episcopalians,  16  ministers;  the  New  Jerusa- 
lem  Church,  4  societies ;  there  are  also  a  considerable  number  of  Friends  and 
Roman  Catholics,  some  Universalists,  Unitarians,  and  Shakers. 

The  number  of  periodical  papers,,  in  1831,  was  estimated  at  150. 

The  first  permanent  settlement  of  Ohio  was  commenced  at  Ma- 
rietta, in  1788 ;  in  1789,  the  country  was  put  under  a  territorial  go- 
vernment,  and  called  the  Western  Territory,  which  name  was  afterwards  al- 
tered to  the  Territory  North-west  of  the  Ohio;  and  in  1802,  it  was  erected 
into  an  independent  state. 
Constitu-       "^^^  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  at  Chillicothe,  in  1802. 
tion  and  go-     The  Legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  Senate  and  House  of  Repre- 
vernment.  gentatives,  which  together  are  styled  The  General  Assembly  of  the 
State  of  Ohio. 

The  representatives  are  elected  annually  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  October; 
and  they  are  apportioned  among  the  counties  according  to  the  number  of  white 
male  inhabitants  above  21  years  of  age.  Their  number  cannot  be  less  than 
36,  nor  more  than  72.  The  senators  are  chosen  biennially,  and  are  appor- 
tioned according  to  the  number  of  white  male  inhabitants  of  21  years  of  age. 
Their  number  cannot  be  less  than  one  third,  nor  more  than  one  half  of  the 
number  of  representatives. 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  by  the  people 
for  two  years,  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  October;  and  his  term  of  service 
commences  on  the  first  Monday  in  December. 

The  general  assembly  meets  annually  (at  Columbus),  on  the  first  Monday  in 
December. 

The  right  of  suffi'age  is  granted  to  all  white  male  inhabitants,  above  the  age 
of  21  years,  who  have  resided  in  the  state  one  year  next  preceding  the  elec- 
tion, and  who  have  paid,  or  are  charged  with,  a  state  or  county  tax. 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  Suprdme  Court,  in  courts  of  common  pleas 
for  each  county,  and  such  other  courts  as  the  legislature  may,  from  time  to 
time,  establish.  The  judges  are  elected  by  a  joint  ballot  of  both  houses  of  the 
general  assembly  for  the  term  of  7  years. 

This  state  sends  19  representatives  to  congress.  Governor's  salary,  $1,200. 


r- 


cal  College  of 

^  law  into  this 
ion  of  common 
e  effect  and  be 
s  act  declares, 
3  for  the  use  of 
very  class  and 
itic,  and  other 
-e  shall  be  an- 
;  general  list  of 
ilacks  and  mu- 
trustees  of  each 
n  already  done, 
nost  convenient 
ing  the  system 

,  192  ministers, 
sts,  14  associa- 
imunicants;  the 
is,  37  ministers, 
ingregations,  20 

I  congregations, 
he  New  Jerusa. 
of  Friends  and 

150. 
jmenced  at  Ma* 

a  territorial  go- 
s  afterwards  al- 
,  it  was  erected 

cothe,  in  1802. 
3ouse  of  Repre- 
Assembly  of  the 

iday  in  October; 

number  of  white 

not  be  less  than 

and  are  appor- 

II  years  of  age. 
one  half  of  the 

3d  by  the  people 
term  of  service 

1  first  Monday  in 

ts,  above  the  age 
3ceding  the  elec- 
y  tax. 

of  common  pleas 
ly,  from  time  to 
)th  houses  of  the 

J  salary,  $1,200. 


INDIANA. 


INDIANA. 


139 


Length,  250  miles;  breadth,  150.  Between  37°  47'  and  41°  50'  N.  lat. 
and  7°  45'  and  11°  W.  Ion.  Bounded  north  by  Michigan  Territory  and  lake; 
east  by  Ohio ;  south  by  Ohio  river ;  and  west  by  Illinois. 


H 

TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

9 

Countiea. 

Pop.  1830. 

County  Town*. 

Dist.  from 
Indianapolii. 

^H 

Allen 

ne 

1,000 

Fort  Wayne 

.141 

^^H 

Bartholomew 

m 

5,480 

Columbus 

41 

^B 

Boon 

gwm 

622 

Thorntown 

61 

^H 

Carroll 

1,614 

Delphi 

■  SB 

i^B 

Cass 

1,154 

Logansport    • 

113 

^^1 

Clark 

$ 

10,719 

Charlestown 

105 

^H 

Clay 

to 

1,616 

Bowling-Green 

69 

B^B 

Clinton 

1,423 

Frankfort 

I^H 

Crawford 

s 

3,184 

Fredonia 

122 

^H 

Daviess 

mm 

4,512 

Washington 

106 

|H 

Dearborn 

se 

14,573 

Tiawrenceburg 

98 

^H 

Decatur 

Mem 

5,854 

Greensburg 

55 

^^1 

Delaware 

em 

2,372 

Muncytown 

59 

J^i 

Dubois 

ntm 

1,774 

Portersville 

124 

^^1 

Elkhart 

935 

Pulaski 

^H 

Fayette 

em 

9,112 

Connersville 

68 

^H 

Floyd 

se 

6,363 

New  Albany 

121 

^H 

Fountain 

w 

7,644 

Covington 

81 

i^H 

Franklin 

se 

10,199 

Brookville 

'.      70 

I^B 

Gibson 

sw 

5,417 

Princeton 

141 

m^M 

Greene 

swn 

4,253 

Bloomfield 

,76 

^H 

Hamilton          . 

m 

1,750 

Noblesville    '     '     ' 

-    22 

^B 

Hancock 

m 

1,569 

Greenfield 

21 

^H 

Harrison 

se 

10,288 

Corydon 

124 

I^H 

Hendricks 

m 

3,967 

Danville 

20 

^H 

Henry 

em 

6,498 

New  Castle 

49 

^H 

Jackson 

sm 

4,894 

Brownstown 

69 

^H 

Jefferson     ^ 

se 

11,465 

Madison 

85 

^H 

Jennings     "., .     / 

sem 

3,950 

Vernon            •' 

64 

BK 

Johnson    • 

,     "» 

4,139 

Franklin 

20 

[^B 

Knox 

■    w 

6,557 

Vincennes             '^ 

126 

^H 

Lawrence              ' 

sn 

9,237 

Bedford 

73 

^B 

Madison        ^ 

m 

2,442 

Andersontown 

41 

^H 

Marion 

m 

7,181 

Indianapolis 

^B 

Martin 

sm 

2,010 

Mount  Pleasant 

121 

^B 

Monroe 

sm 

6,^578 

Bloomington 

61 

^1 

Montgomery 

wm 

7,386 

Crawfordsville 

44 

I^H 

Morgan    v 

m 

6,579 

Martinsville 

30 

^B 

Orange     ■           ' 

sm 

7,909 

Paoli 

94 

^B 

Owen 

torn 

4,060 

Spencer 

52 

^B 

Parke. 

IT 

7,534 

Rockville       .  .  '•,' 

68 

^H 

&."^ 

s 

3,378 

Rome 

143 

^1 

Pike 

sw 

2,464 

Petersburg 

119 

^B 

Posey- 

SIB 

6,883 

Vlount  Vernon 

187 

H 

Putnam 

torn 

8,105 

Green  Castle 

42 

140 


rNDL\NA. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOW^S.-Cmtinued. 

Counties. 

Pop.  ie30. 

County  Towns, 

DIst.  from 
Initi.inapolis. 

Randolph      '.r  _            e 
Ripley            •■•■          sern 
Rush          •  '               em 
St.  Joseph                V     n 
Scott                   V         se 
Shelby                         m 
Spencer         -       ■'    '  •    « 
Sullivan               ,         w 
Switzerland                    s 
Tippecanoe              mom 
Union                             e 
Vanderburgh               sw 
Vermilion                     to 
Vigo                              w 
Wabash                    nwm 
Warren    •                     to 
Warwick                     sio 
Washington                sm 
Wayne                           e 

64     Total 

3,912 
3,957 
9,918 
287 
3,097 
6,294 
3,187 
4,696 
7,111 
7,167 
7,957 
2,610 
5,706 
5,737 

2,854 

2,973 

13,072 

18,587 

Winchester 

Versailles 

Rushville 

Tarecoopy 

New  Lexington 

Shelbyville 

Rockport 

Merom 

Vevay 

Lafayette 

Liberty 

Evansville 

Newport 

Terre  Haute 

Elk  Heart  Plain 

Williamsport 

Boonvillo 

Salem 

Centerville 

97 
79 
40 

89 

30 

167 

115 

105 

70 

77 

170 

86 

83 

196 

187 
91 
63 

341,582 

Population  at  different  Periods. 

Population.  Slaves. 

In  1800,         5,641  133 

1810,       24,520  Increase  from  1800  to  1810,      18,879  237 

1820,     147,178        1810      1820,    122,658  190 

1830,     341,582        1820     1830,    194,404  0 


Towni. 


This  state  has  had  a  rapid  increase  of  inhabitants ;  yet  the  greater 
part  of  the  land  within  its  limits  still  belongs  to  the  United  States. 
The  following,  having  the  population  annexed  for  1831,  are  some  of  the  most 
considerable  towns  : — New  Albany,  about  2,500  ;  Madison,  about  2,000  ;  Vin- 
cennes,  about  1,800;  Richmond,  about  1,500;  Indianapolis,  about  1,200; 
Salem,  about  1,000. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Ohio,  Wabash,  White  River,  Whitewater,  Tip- 
pecanoe, Illinois,  Plein,  Theakiki,  St.  Joseph's,  and  St.  Mary's. 

There  are  no  mountains  in  Indiana ;  the  country,  however,  is  more  hilly 
than  the  territory  of  Illinois,  particularly  towards  Ohio  river.  A  range  of 
hills,  called  the  Knobs,  extends  from  the  falls  of  the  Ohio  to  the  Wabash,  in  a 
south-west  direction,  which  in  many  places  produces  a  broken  and  uneven  sur- 
face. North  of  these  hills  lie  the  flat  woods,  70  miles  wide.  Bordering  on  all 
the  principal  streams,  except  the  Ohio,  there  are  strips  of  bottom  and  prairie 
land ;  both  together  from  3  to  six  miles  in  width.  Between  the  Wabash  and 
lake  Michigan,  the  country  is  mostly  champaign,  abounding  alternately  with 
wood-lands,  prairies,  lakes,  and  swamps. 

A  range  of  hills  runs  parallel  with  the  Ohio,  from  the  mouth  of  the  Great 
Miami  to  Blue  River,  alternately  approaching  to  within  a  few  rods,  and  re- 
ceding to  the  distance  of  two  miles.  Immediately  below  Blue  River,  the  hills 
disappear,  and  there  is  presented  to  view  an  immense  tract  of  level  land,  co- 
vered with  a  heavy  growth  of  timber.  North  of  the  Wabash,  between  Tippe- 
canoe and  Ouitanan,  the  banks  of  the  streams  are  high,  abrupt,  and  broken, 
and  the  land,  except  the  prairies,  is  well  timbered.  Between  the  Plein  and 
Theakiki,  the  country  is  flat,  wet,  and  swampy,  interspersed  with  prairies  of 


pi 

Hi 
km 


INDIANA. 


141 


an  inferior  soil.  The  sources  of  rivers  are  generally  in  swamps  or  lakes,  and 
the  country  around  them  is  low,  and  too  wet  for  cultivation. 

There  are  two  kinds  of  prairies,  the  river  and  the  upland  prairies;  the 
former  are  bottoms  destitute  of  timber,  and  are  said  to  exhibit  vestiges  of 
former  cultivation ;  the  latter  are  from  30  to  100  feet  more  elevated,  and  are 
fiir  more  numerous  and  extensive.  Some  of  them  are  not  larger  than  a  com- 
mon field,  while  others  extend  farther  than  the  eye  can  reach.  They  are  usu- 
ally bounded  by  heavily  timbered  forests,  and  not  unfrequently  adorned  with 
copses  of  small  trees.  In  spring  and  summer,  they  are  covered  with  a  luxuri- 
ant growth  of  grass  and  fragrant  flowers,  from  6  to  8  feet  high.  The  soil  of 
these  plains  is  often  as  deep  and  fertile  as  the  best  bottoms.  The  prairies  bor- 
dering on  the  Wabash  are  particularly  rich.  Wells  have  been  dug  in  them, 
where  the  vegetable  soil  was  22  feet  deep,  under  which  was  a  stratum  of  fine 
white  sand.     The  ordinary  depth  is  from  2  to  5  feet. 

The  principal  productions  of  this  state  are  wheat,  Indian  corn,  rye,  oats, 
barley,  buckwheat,  potatoes,  pulse,  beef,  pork,  butter,  whiskey,  and  peach 
brandy. 

Not  far  from  Big  Blue  River  there  is  a  large  cave,  the  entrance  of  %vhich  is 
on  the  side  of  a  hill,  that  is  about  400  feet  high.  Here  are  found  great  quanti- 
ties of  sulphate  of  magnesia,  or  Epsom  salt,  and  of  nitre,  &c. 

The  climate  is  generally  healthy  and  pleasant,  resembling  that  of  Ohio. 
The  Wabash  is  frozen  over  in  the  winter,  so  that  it  may  be  safely  crossed  on 
the  ice. 

In  the  southern  part  of  Indiana  there  is  a  remarkable  cave,  which  abounds 
in  E;-  TP  salts,  and  which  is  thus  described  by  Mr.  Adams. — "  The  hill  in 
whit  :    ituated  is  about  400  feet  high  from  the  base  to  the  most  elevated 

pointy  '  ae  prospect  to  the  south-east,  in  a  clear  day,  is  exceedingly  fine, 
commanding  an  extensive  view  of  the  hills  and  valleys  bordering  on  Big  Blue 
River.  The  top  of  the  hill  is  covered  principally  with  oak  and  chestnut.  The 
side  to  the  south-east  is  mantled  with  cedar.  The  entrance  is  about  mid-way 
from  the  base  to  the  summit,  and  the  surface  of  the  cave  preserves  in  general 
about  that  elevation ;  although  I  must  acknowledge  this  to  be  conjectural,  as  no 
experiments  have  been  made  with  a  view  to  ascertain  the  fact.  It  is  probably 
owing  to  this  middle  situation  of  the  cave,  that  it  is  much  drier  than  is  common. 

"  After  entering  the  cave  by  an  aperture  12  or  15  feet  wide,  and  in  height, 
in  one  place,  3  or  4  feet,  you  descend  with  easy  and  gradual  steps  into  a  large 
and  spacious  room,  which  continues  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile,  varying  in 
height  from  8  to  30  feet,  and  in  breadth  from  10  to  20.  In  this  distance  the 
roof  is  in  some  places  arched,  in  others  a  plane,  and  in  one  place  it  resembles 
the  inside  view  of  the  roof  of  a  house.  At  the  distance  above  named,  the  cave 
forks,  but  the  right  hand  fork  soon  terminates,  while  the  left  rises  by  a  flight 
of  rocky  stairs,  nearly  10  feet  high,  into  another  story,  and  pursues  a  course 
at  this  place  nearly  south-east.  Here  the  roof  commences  a  regular  arch,  the 
height  of  which  from  the  floor  varies  from  5  to  8  feet,  and  the  width  of  the 
cave  from  6  to  12  feet,  which  continues  to  what  is  called  the  '  creeping-place,' 
from  the  circumstance  of  having  to  crawl  10  or  12  feet  into  the  next  large 
room.  From  this  place  to  the  pillar,  a  distance  of  about  one  mile  and  a 
quarter,  the  visitor  finds  an  alternate  succession  of  large  and  small  rooms, 
variously  decorated;  sometimes  travelling  on  a  pavement,  or  climbing  over 
huge  piles  of  rocks,  detached  from  the  roof  by  some  convulsion  of  nature. 
The  aspect  of  this  large  and  stately  white  column,  as  it  heaves  in  sight  from 
the  dim  reflection  of  the  torches,  is  grand  and  impressive.  Visitors  have 
seldom  pushed  their  inquiries  further  than  200  or  300  yards  beyond  this  pillar. 
This  column  is  about  15  feet  in  diameter,  from  20  to  30  feet  high,  and  regularly 
reeded  from  the  top  to  the  bottom." 


142 


INDIANA. 


ff-^)'  1 1 


'i 


Hiatory. 


A  college  has  been  established  at  Bloomington:  it  has  a  philo- 
'  sophical  and  a  chemical  apparatus,  and  a  foundation  has  been  laid 
for  a  respectable  library.    One  36th  part  of  the  public  lands  has  been  appro- 
priated  for  the  support  of  schools.  s<,y, 

There  are  20  periodical  papers  published  in  this  state. 
Reiisjout      '^^®  Baptists  in  this  state  have  11  associations,  181  churches, 
denomina-  127  ministers,  and  6,513  communicants;  the  Methodists,  34  preach- 
»«oni.     gj.g^  ^j^j  13,794  members;  the  Presbyterians,  about  60  churches  and 
20  ministers. 

Vincennes  was  settled  about  the  beginning  of  the  last  century  by 
French  emigrants  from  Canada,  and  long  remained  a  solitary  vil- 
lage.    Few  settlements  were  made  in  the  country  by  citizens  of  the  United 
States  till  the  end  of  the  century.     In  1801,  Indiana  was  erected  into  a  terri- 
torial government,  and,  in  1816,  into  a  state.    It  has  been  settled  chiefly  by 
emigrants  from  the  eastern  and  middle  states,  and  has  had  a  rapid  growth, 
conrtitu-      '^^®  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  by 
tionandgothe  people  for  a  term  of  three  years,  and  may  be  once  re-elected.  At 
vernment.  gygj.y  election  of  govemor,  a  lieutenant-governor  is  also  chosen,  who 
is  president  of  the  senate,  and  on  whom,  in  c^-^p  of  the  death,  resignation,  or 
removal  of  the  governor,  the  powers  and  duties  of  that  office  devolve. 

The  legislative  authority  is  vested  in  a  general  assembly,  consisting  of  a 
senate,  the  members  of  which  are  elected  for  three  years,  and  a  house  of  re- 
presentatives, elected  annually.  The  number  of  representatives  can  never  be 
less  than  36,  nor  more  than  100 ;  and  they  are  apportioned  among  the  several 
counties  according  to  the  number  of  white  male  inhabitants  above  21  years  of 
age.  The  number  of  senators,  who  are  apportioned  in  like  manner,  cannot  be 
less  than  one  third  nor  more  than  one  half  of  the  number  of  representatives. 

The  representatives  and  one  third  of  the  members  of  the  senate,  are  elected 
annually  on  the  first  Monday  in  August ;  and  the  govemor  is  chosen  on  the 
same  day,  every  third  year.  The  general  assembly  meets  annually  (at  In- 
dianapolis) on  the  first  Monday  in  December.  The  right  of  suffrage  is  granted 
to  all  male  citizens  of  the  age  of  21  years  or  upwards,  who  may  have  resided 
in  the  state  one  year  immediately  preceding  an  election.  The  judiciary  power 
is  vested  in  one  supreme  court,  in  circuit  courts,  and  in  such  other  inferior 
courts  as  the  general  assembly  may  establish.  The  supreme  court  consists  of 
three  judges ;  and  each  of  the  circuit  courts  consists  of  a  president  and  two 
associate  judges.  The  judges  are  all  appointed  for  the  term  of  7  years.  The 
judges  of  the  supreme  court  are  appointed  by  the  governor,  with  the  consent 
of  the  senate ;  the  presidents  of  the  circuit  courts,  by  the  legislature ;  and  the 
associate  judges  are  elected  by  the  people. 
The  salary  of  the  governor  is  1000  dollars.  ,  ,^., 

This  state  sends  7  representatives  to  congress.         .  '  '  \  '   , 


ILLINOIS. 


1      T     .    .      -*l 


Lknoth»  350  miles ;  breadth,  180 :  between  37°  and  42°  30'  N.  latitude,  and 
10°  20'  and  14°  21'  W.  longitude.  It  contains  50,000  square  miles,  and  nearly 
40,000,000  acres.  Bounded  on  the  north  by  the  North- Western  Territory. 
East  by  lake  Michigan,  Indiana,  and  the  river  Wabash.  South  by  the  Ohio, 
which  separates  it  from  Kentucky ;  and  west»  in  its  whole  extent,  by  the  Mis- 
sissippi, which  separates  it  from  Missouri,  and  the  Missouri  Territory. 


ILLINOIS. 


I4» 


f  «. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Countiei. 

Population 

County  Towni. 

Diit.  from 
Vandalia. 

Adams 

to       2,186 

Quincy 

193 

Alexander 

a       1,390 

America       '    -■ 

181 

Bond 

ten 

fi       3,124 

Greenville 

20 

Calhoun  ',' 

V 

0       1,090 

Gilead 

126 

Clark 

e       3,940 

Clark  C.  H. 

66 

Clay 

en 

I          765 

Maysville 

46 

Clinton 

an 

I       2,330 

Carlyle 

30 

Crawford 

^ 

e       3,113 

Palestine           ; 

118 

Edgar 

1 

?       4,071 

Paris 

106 

Edwards 

4      1,649 

Albion 

92 

Fayette 

« 

I       2,704 

Vandalia 

Franklin 

t 

r       4,081 

Frankfort 

102 

Fulton  i    ;. 

ntn 

I 

Fulton  C.  H. 

133 

Henry  > 

n 

\       2,166 

Middletown 

Knox    S 

nm 

I 

Knox  C.  H. 

188 

Gallatin 

ae 

7,407 

Equality 

137 

Green 

tc 

7,664 

Carrollton 

106 

Hamilton 

ae 

2,620 

McLeanborough 

93 

Hancock 

.IB 

■      484 

Venus 

133 

Jackson       "* 

aw 

1,827 

Brownsville 

127 

Jefferson 

am 

2,555 

Mount  Vernon 

66 

Jo-Daviess 

nw 

2,111 

Galena 

326 

Johnson 

a 

1,696 

Vienna 

167 

Lawrence 

e 

3,661 

Lawrenceville 

64 

Macaupin 

m 

1,989 

Carlinville 

96 

McLean 

Bloomington 

Macon 

wm 

1,122 

Decatur 

70 

' 

Madison 

w 

6,229 

Edwardsville 

55 

Marion 

am 

2,021 

Salem 

26 

Mercer 

nw 

26 

, 

Monroe 

w 

2,119 

Waterloo 

99 

Montgomery 

m 

2,960 

Hillsborough 

28 

Morgan 

wm 

12,709 

Jacksonville 

115 

Macdonough  ' 
Schuyler 

wm 
wm 

2,050 

Macomb 
Rushville 

172 

Peoria   > 
Putnam 

nm 

1     OA/\ 

Peoria 

43 

n 

1,309 

Hennepin 

Perry 

am 

1,216 

Pinckneyville 

129 

Pike 

w 

2,393 

Atlas 

148 

Pope 

ae 

3,323 

Golconda 

160 

Randolph 

aw 

4,436 

Kaskaskia     ^ 

95 

St.  Clair 

w 

7,092 

Belleville 

71 

Sangamon 

m 

12,960 

Springfield' 

79 

Shelby 

m 

2,973 

Shelbyville 

40 

Tazewell 

m 

4,716 

Mackinaw 

149 

Union 

sw 

3,239 

Jonesborough 

164 

Vermilion 

€ 

6,836 

Danville 

150 

Wabash 

€ 

2,709 

Mount  Carmel 

109 

Warren 

nw 

307 

Warren 

Washington 

am 

1,674 

Nashville 

Wayne 

aem 

2,662 

Fairfield 

69 

White 
62           Tota 

ae 

6,091 

Carmi 

94 

I 

167,576,  0 

'  whom  746  are  slaves. 

'* 


144 


ILUNOIS. 


,:t 


In  1810, 
1820, 
1880, 


Popu)at  lon. 
12,582 
55,&11 

157,575 


Papulation  tU  different  Periods,    \ik>:b 

Increase  from  1810  to  1820,    42,929 
1820      1830,  102,364 


Slavei. 

168 
917 
746 


Illinois  was  admitted  into  the  Union  in  1818,  and  contained  that  year,  by 
enumeration,  35,220  inhabitants. 

The  Mississippi,  Ohio,  and  Wabash  form  about  two  thirds  of  the  whole  bound- 
ary of  this  state.  The  other  most  considerable  rivers  are  the  Illinois,  Kaskas- 
kia.  Muddy,  Saline,  Little  Wabash,  Michilimackinack,  Crow  Meadow,  Rainy, 
Vermilion,  Mine,  Spoon,  Rocky,  and  Sangamoin. 

The  peninsula  between  the  Mississippi  and  Illinois  rivers,  has  been  surveyed 
for  military  bounty  lands.  Congress  appropriated  for  this  object  3,500,000 
acres ;  and  the  surface  actually  surveyed  amounts  to  an  area  about  equal  to  240 
townships,  each  6  miles  square ;  equal  to  8,640  square  miles,  or  5,530,000 
acres,  nearly.  It  was  necessary  that  the  number  surveyed  should  exceed  the 
number  appropriated,  as  the  act  of  congress  provides  that  the  several  portions 
granted  shall  be  fit  for  cultivation.  These  lands  are  described  as  being  very 
good. 

The  southern  and  middle  parts  of  the  state  are  for  the  most  part  level.  The 
banks  of  the  Illinois  and  Kaskaskia,  in  some  places,  present  a  sublime  and 
picturesque  scenery.  Several  of  their  tributary  streams  have  excavated  for 
themselves  deep  and  frightful  gulfs,  particularly  those  of  the  Kaskaskia,  whose 
banks  near  the  junction  of  Big  Hill  Creek,  present  a  perpendicular  front  of  solid 
lime-stone  140  feet  high.  The  north-western  part  of  the  territory  is  a  hilly, 
broken  country,  though  there  are  no  high  mountains.  The  climate  resembles 
that  of  Indiana  and  Ohio.  The  low  and  wet  lands  in  the  southern  part  are 
unhealthy. 

The  soil  has  been  divided  into  six  distinct  kinds.  1 .  Bottom  land,  bearing  a 
heavy  growth  of  honey  locust,  pecan,  black-walnut,  beach,  sugar  maple,  buck- 
eye,  pawpaw,  grape  vines,  &c.  This  land  is  of  the  first  quality,  and  is  found 
in  greater  or  less  quantities  on  all  the  considerable  rivers.  It  is  of  inexhaust- 
ible fertility,  and  is  annually  cultivated  without  manure.  2.  Newly  formed 
land,  found  at  the  mouths  and  confluences  of  rivers.  It  produces  sycamore, 
cotton  wood,  v/ater  maple,  water  ash,  elm,  willow,  oak,  6sc.  There  are  many 
thousand  acres  of  this  land  at  the  mouth  of  the  Wabash,  and  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Ohio  with  the  Mississippi.  It  is  annually  inundated,  and  is  unhealthy. 
3.  Dry  prairies,  approaching  the  rivers  and  bordering  on  the  bottom  land,  from 
30  to  100  feet  higher,  and  from  1  to  10  miles  wide.  These  prairies  are  desti- 
tute of  trees,  except  where  they  are  intersected  by  streams  of  water  and  occa- 
sional tracts  of  woodland.  It  has  been  estimated  that  as  much  as  two  thirds  of 
the  whole  state  consists  of  open  prairie.  The  dry  prairie  has  a  black  rich  soil, 
well  adapted  to  purposes  of  agriculture,  and  is  covered  with  rank  grass.  4. 
Wet  prairie,  found  remote  from  streams,  or  at  their  sources.  This  is  generally 
cold  and  unproductive,  abounding  with  swamps  and  ponds,  covered  with  tall 
coarse  grass.  5.  Land  covered  with  timber, 'moderately  hilly,  well  watered, 
and  of  a  rich  soil.  6.  Hills,  of  a  sterile  soil  and  destitute  of  timber,  or  covered 
with  stinted  oaks  and  pines. 

The  prevailing  forest  tree  in  Illinois  is  oak,  of  which  as  many  as  13  or  14 
different  species  have  been  enumerated.  Honey  locust,  black-walnut,  mulber- 
ry, plum,  sugar  maple,  black  locust,  elm,  bass  wood,  beach,  buck-eye,  hack- 
berry,  coffee  nut,  sycamore,  spice  wood,  sassafras,  black  and  white  haws,  crab- 
apple,  wild  cherry,  cucumber,  and  pawpaw,  are  found  in  their  congenial  soils 
throughout  the  state.    White  pine  is  found  on  the  head  branches  bf  the  Illinois. 

Copper  and  lead  are  found  in  several  parts  of  the  state.    Coal  has  been  dis- 


I  I 


ILLINOIS. 


145 


it  year,  by 

hole  bound* 
jis,  Kaskas- 
low,  Rainy, 

;n  surveyed 
:  3,600,000 
;qual  to  240 
r  5,530,000 
1  exceed  the 
ral  portions 
s  being  very 

t  level.  The 
sublime  and 
xcavated  for 
askia,  whose 
front  of  solid 
ry  is  a  hilly, 
te  resembles 
em  part  are 

^d,  bearing  a 
maple,  buck- 
and  is  found 
)f  inexhaust- 
ewly  formed 
!s  sycamore, 
jre  are  many 
le  confluence 
is  unhealthy, 
m  land,  from 
■ies  are  desti- 
ter  and  occa- 
two  thirds  of 
ack  rich  soil, 

:  grass.     4. 

is  generally 
-sred  with  tall 
well  watered, 
■^r,  or  covered 

as  13  or  14 

Inut,  mulber- 
!k-eye,  hack- 
e  haws,  crab- 
(ngenial  soils 
.f  the  Illinois. 
has  been  dis- 


k 
I 


covered  in  several  places,  on  tlie  Hig  Muddy  in  gn.-at  <|uantities  near  Hrowns- 
vitle,  on  the  Kaskaskiii  ncJir  the  town  ot'that  name,  near  the  town  of  Edwards- 
viile  on  the  Illinois,  50  miles  above  Illinois  \n\n\  and  in  other  plaees.  Salt 
water  is  found  in  several  |)laces  sullicient  to  linnisli  immense  quantities  of  salt. 
The  famous  salt  works  Iw^longing  to  the  United  States  are  in  tho  vicinity  of 
Shawnectown.     Iron  oi-e  has  also  l)(>en  diseovered. 

►Suli)hur  springs,  ehalyl>eate  springs,  and  v(>ry  strong  impregnations  of  pure 
sulphurate  of  magnesia  or  Epsom  salts,  atoujid  in  dilUirent  parts. 

In  the  southern  part  of  the  state  a  nurnlxT  of  seetions  of  land  have  been  re- 
served  from  sale  on  account  of  the  silver  ore  which  they  are  supposed  to  contain. 

The  lead  mines  in  the  vicinity  of  Galena,  are  very  extensive  and  valuable. 
The  mineral  has  been  found  in  every  portion  of  a  tract  of  more  than  50  miles 
in  extent  in  every  direction,  and  is  supposed  to  occupy  a  territory  of  more  than 
twice  that  extent.  The  ore  lies  in  beds,  or  horizontal  strata,  varying  in  thick- 
ness from  one  inch  to  several  feet.     It  yields  75  per  cent,  of  pure  lead. 

The  staple  productions  of  Illinois  are  Indian  corn,  wheat,  potatoes,  l)cef,  pork, 
horses,  tobacco,  and  lead.  The  ca.stor  bean  is  raised,  and  oil  is  manufactured 
from  it,  but  not  in  large  quantities.  Good  cotton  is  produced  for  home  con- 
sumption, and  is  manufactured  extensively  in  the  Ihmilies  of  farmqrs  into  coarse 
fabrics,  for  domestic  uses.  Hemp,  flax,  and  silk-worms  succeed  well.  Apples, 
peaches,  pears,  plums,  cherries,  grapes,  gooseberries,  and  currants  arrive  at 
great  perfection.  The  wild  fruits  arc  grapes,  plums,  cherries,  gooseberries, 
mulberries,  crab-apples,  persimmons,  blackberries,  raspberries,  and  strawberries. 

A  canal  has  been  projected  (not  yet  commenced)  to  unite  lake  intnmai  im- 
Michigan  with  the  river  Illinois,  and  the  national  government  has  pf"vement. 
made  a  liberal  donation  of  land  in  aid  of  the  design.  The  length  will  be  about 
70  miles ;  and  the  cost  is  estimated  at  $800,000. 

Laborers  are  now  employed  in  the  construction  of  that  part  of  the  great 
National  Road,  which  extends  from  the  town  of  Vandalia  to  the  eastern  bound- 
ary of  Indiana,  near  Terre  Haute.  The  length  of  this  part  is  90  miles,  and 
the  road  is  so  straight  that  its  length  is  not  so  much  as  a  mile  greater  than  the 
distance  by  a  right  line  between  the  two  extreme  points. 

The  Cave  in  Rock,  or  House  of  Nature,  on  the  Ohio  below  Shawneetown,  is 
regarded  as  a  great  curiosity,  and  was  formerly  a  rendezvous  of  robbers. 

A  college  has  been  recently  established  at  Jacksonville,  and  land 
to  the  amount  of  998,374  acres  has  teen  given  for  the  support  of 
schools ;  but  no  system  of  general  education  has  yet  been  organized  in  Illinois. 

The  Baptists  in  this  state  have  6  associations,  80  churches,  09  j^p^  j^^^ 
ministers,  and  2,432  communicants ;  the  Methodists,  45  preachers,  denomina- 
and  8,859  members;  the  Presbyterians,  24  churches,  13  ministers, 
and  492  communicants. 

One  of  the  earliest  settlements  of  the  French  in  the  Mississippi 
valley  was  made  at  Kaskaskia,  in  the  latter  part  of  the  17th  century. 
Almost  all  the  settlements  that  have  been  formed  by  the  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  have  been  begun  since  1800.  In  1809,  Illinois  was  erected  into  a  ter- 
ritorial government,  and  in  1818,  into  a  state. 

The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  General  Assembly,  consist,  congtim. 
ing  of  a  Senate,  the  members  of  which  are  elected  for  four  years ;  tion  and  ro- 
and  a  House  of  Representatives,  elected  biennially.     The  number  ^^'■""'^"'• 
of  representatives  shall  not  be  less  than  27,  nor  more  than  36,  until  the  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  within  the  state  shall  amount  to  100,000 ;  and  the  number 
of  senators  shall  never  be  less  than  one  third,  nor  more  than  one  half  of  the 
number  of  representatives." 

The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  by  the  people 
for  four  years ;  and  he  is  not  eligible  for  more  than  four  years  in  any  term  of 
eight  years.   At  the  election  of  governor,  a  lieutenant-governor  is  also  chosen, 

T 


tioni. 


History. 


146 


MISSOURI. 


who  is  epeakfir  of  the  senate ;  and  on  whom,  in  case  the  governor  vacates  his 
office,  the  duties  of  governor  devolve. 

The  representatives  and  one  half  of  the  senators  are  elected  biennially  on 
the  first  Monday  in  August ;  and  the  governor  is  chosen,  every  fourth  year,  at 
the  same  time.  The  general  assembly  meets  every  other  year,  (at  Vandalia), 
on  the  first  Monday  in  December  next  following  the  election ;  and  the  governor 
is  authorized  to  convene  it,  on  extraordinary  occasions,  at  other  times. 

All  white  male  inhabitants,  above  the  age  of  21  years,  having  resided  in  the 
state  six  months  next  preceding  an  election,  have  the  rights  of  electors. 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  supreme  court,  and  in  such  inferior  courts 
as  the  general  assembly  may  establish.  The  judges  are  appointed  by  a  joint 
ballot  of  both  branches  of  the  general  assembly,  and  hold  their  offices  during 
good  behavior. 

The  salary  of  the  governor  is  1000  dollarst 

This  state  sends  3  representatives  to  congress. 


1 

HI  JHUWl'  i| 

UMiw     i 

1 

1 

=1" 


^        l« 


MISSOURI. 

Length,  270  miles ;  breadth,  220.  It  contains  60,000  square  miles,  and 
38,000,000  acres.  Between  36°,  and  40°  30'  N.  latitude,  and  between  11°  17' 
and  17°  30'  W.  longitude.  Bounded  north  and  west  by  the  Missouri  Territory; 
east  and  north-east  by  the  Mississippi,  which  separates  it  from  Illinois.  Soutli- 
east  by  the  Mississippi,  which  separates  it  from  Kentucky  and  Tennessee. 
South  by  Arkansas  Territory. 


\'i 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

■    1 

Counties. 

Population. 

County  Towns. 

Distance  from 
Jeflerson  City. 

'  1 

Boon                      m 

8,889 

Columbia 

56 

'  m 

Callaway               m 

6,102 

Fulton 

32 

% 

Cape  Girardeau    se 

7,430 

Jackson 

208 

Chariton             nm 

1,776 

Chariton 

79 

1 

^f 

Clay               .     nw 

5,342 

Liberty 

190 

Cole                      m 

3,006 

Jefferson  City 

. 

Cooper                  m 

6,019 

Boonville 

51 

Crawford 

1,709 

Little  Piney 

98 

Franklin               em 

3,484 

Union 

79 

•I 

Gasconade             m 

1,548 

Gasconade 

47 

Howard                 m 

10,844 

Fayette 

65 

Jackson                 w 

2,822 

Independence 

177 

Jefferson                 e 

2,586 

Herculaneum 

164 

■1 

Lafayette               w 

2,921 

Lexington 

138 

J 

Lincoln                   e 

4,060 

Troy 

97 

'J 

Madison 

2,371 

Fredericktown 

170 

■  -f 

Marion                  tie 

4,839 

Palmyra 

190 

» 

Monroe 

Monroe  C.  H. 

129 

-« 

Montgomery        em 

3,900 

Lewistown 

67 

M 

V 

New  Madrid         se 

2,351 

New  Madrid 

278 

.  J 

■^ 

Perry                      e 

3,377 

Perryville 

187 

Pike                      tie 

6,122 

Bowling  Green 

132 

i 

■J 

Ralls                   ne 

4,346 

New  London 

167 

M 

Randolph            nm 

2,962 

Randolph 

96 

■ 

Ray                        n 

2,657 

Richmond 

149 

■ 

* 

^.^  ■ 

• 

1 

^ 

-^ 

MISSOURI. 


117 


lor  vacates  his 


are  miles, 

and 

)ctweenll°17' 

souri  Territory ; 
ilinois.     South- 

and  Tenn< 

3ssee. 

stance  from 
flerton  City. 

56 

32 

208 

79 

190 

51 

98 

79 

47 

65 

177 

164 

138 

97 

170 

190 

129 

67 

278 

187 

132 

167 

96 

149 

TABLE  OF  THK  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  'rOWm— Continued. 

Counties. 

Fopulatinn. 

;>ounty  Towhs. 

Dictancc  fniiiil 
JctierHoii  City. 

St.  Charles 

e 

4,322 

St.  Charles 

123 

St.  Francois 

sem 

2,386 

Farmington 

152 

St.  Genevieve 

€ 

2,182 

St.  Genevieve 

168 

St.  Louis 

€ 

14,907 

St.  Louis 

134 

Saline 

nm 

2,893 

Walnut  Farm 

85 

Scott 

ae 

2,136 

Benton 

236 

Washington 

em 

6,797 

Potosi 

127 

Wayne 

33            Total 

3,254 

Greenville                       200 
of  whom  24,990  arc  slaves. 

140,074, 

Population. 

In  1810,  19,833 

1820,  66,586 

[1824,  80,677] 

1830,  140,074 


Population  at  different  Periods, 


Increase  from  1810  to  1820,  46,753 
1820      1830,  73,488 


Slaves. 
3,011 

10,222 
24,990 


A  great  proportion  of  the  land  in  this  state  is  of  the  richest  kind,  producing 
corn,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  flax,  hemp,  and  tobacco,  in  great  abundance.  The  lands 
bordering  on  the  Missouri,  are  exceedingly  rich.  They  consist  of  a  stratum  of 
black  alluvial  soil  of  unknown  depth.  As  you  recede  from  the  banks  of  the 
rivers,  the  land  rises,  passing  sometimes  gradually,  and  sometimes  abruptly  into 
elevated  barrens,  flinty  ridges,  and  rocky  cliffs.  A  portion  of  the  state  is, 
therefore,  unfit  for  cultivation,  but  this  part  of  the  state  is  rich  in  mineral  trea- 
sures. The  land  is  either  very  fertile  or  very  poor ;  it  is  either  bottom  land, 
or  cliff,*either  prairie  or  barren ;  there  is  very  little  of  an  intermediate  quality. 
The  climate  is  remarkably  serene  and  temperate,  and  very  favorable  to  health. 

The  most  remarkable  feature  in  Missouri  is  its  lead  mines,  which  are  proba- 
bly the  most  extensive  on  the  globe.  They  occupy  a  district  between  37°  and 
38°  N.  lat.  and  between  89°  and  92°  W.  long,  extending  from  the  head  waters 
of  St.  Francis  river  in  a  north-west  direction,  to  the  Merrimack,  a  distance  of 
70  miles  in  length,  and  about  45  miles  in  breadth.  They  cover  an  area  of 
more  than  3,000  square  miles.  The  ore  is  of  the  richest  and  purest  kind,  and 
exists  in  quantities  sufficient  to  supply  all  the  demands  of  the  United  States, 
and  allow  a  large  surplus  for  exportation. 


Quantity  of  Lead  made  at  U.  S.  Lead  Mines  annually,  from  1821  to  1831. 

lbs.  of  lead  made  from  1821  to  30  Sept.  1823 

Fever  River. 

Missouri. 

Total. 

835,130 

.       .       • 

335,130 

do.       for  the  year  ending  30  Sept.  1824 

175,220 

... 

175,220 

do.                  do.                  do.         1825 

664,530 

386,590 

1,051,120 

do.                  do.                  do.         1826 

958,842 

1,374,962 

2,333,804 

do.                  do.                  do.         1827 

5,182,180 

910,380 

6,092  560 

do.                  do.                  do.         1828 

11,105,810 

1,205,920 

12,311,730 

do.                  do.                   do.         1829 

13,343,150 

1,198,160 

14,.541,310 

do.                  do.        •         do.         1830 

8,323,998 

8,060 

8,332,058 

do.                  do.           .       do.         1831 

Total, 

6,381,900 

67,180 

6,449,080 

46,470,820 

5,151,252 

51,622,072 

lA 


'S     "fe 


# 


148 


MISSOURI. 


'1 


H'/-' 


1 

1 

m 

9 

nil 

1 

i 

Operations  of  the  Lead  Mines,  for  the  year  ending  September  30,  1831. 


(},:wi,»()(» 

319,0!  .". 
1134,730 


«7,IH0 
3,359 


6,449,031) 
322,454 
124,730 


Pounds  of  load  made 

*Pounds  of  lead  which  have  accrued  as  rent 
Rents  remaininj^  due  30ili  Septenilx^r,  1830 

Total  rents  due  in  the  year  ending  30th  Sep- 
tember, 1831  

Pounds  of  lead  received  as  rent  in  1831  .  . 
Rents  remaining  due  the  30fh  Sept.  1831  . 

*  Renta  reduced  from  10  to  5  jwr  cent,  on  the  nmount  of  lead  mnde,  by  order  of  the  Secretary 
of  Wor,  January  15th,  1830. 


Ffivcr  Rini 


443,831 
271,627 


172,204 


Missouri. 


3,359 
3,359 


Total. 


447,190 
274,980 


172,204 


Besides  the  groat  rivers  Mississippi  and  Missouri,  this  state  is  watered  by  va. 
rlous  others  of  considerable  magnitude.  The  largest  an;  the  Osage,  Grand, 
Chariton,  Gasconade,  Merrimac  or  Maramec,  Wa.shita,  and  St.  Francis.  The 
Osage  is  a  large  river,  navigable  for  boats  660  miles. 

Steamboat       St.  Louis  is  1200  miles,  by  the  course  of  the  river,  above  New 
"from St."  OrlC'ins,  and  is,  next  to  that  city,  the  largest  and  mo.st  commercial 

Louis,  town  on  the  Mississippi.  In  the  summer  of  1831,  there  were  six 
steamboats  regularly  employed  between  St.  Louis  and  New  Orleans.  A  trip 
from  one  place  to  the  other  and  back  again  usually  occupies  24  days ;  the 
shortest  time  in  which  one  was  ever  made,  18  days.  The  usual  fare  for  cabin 
passengers  descending,  820 ;  ascending,  $25 ;  for  deck  passengers,  $5  either 
way.     Freight  per  lOOOlbs.  descending,  37i  cents;  ascending,  62^  cents. 

From  St.  Louis  to  Louisville,  630  miles :  6  boats  regularly  running,  in  1831 : 
usual  time  of  a  trip  10  or  11  days ;  the  passage  one  way  usually  being  some. 
what  more  than  three  days ;  fare  of  cabin  passengers  about  $15,  either  way ; 
deck  passengers,  $4 :  freight  about  25  cents  per  lOOlbs.  One  boat  4lso  ran 
regularly  to  Cincinnati,  150  miles  above  Louisville. 

From  St.  Louis  to  Fever  River,  about  480  miles :  3  steamboats  regularly 
employed  in  1831 :  time  occupied  by  a  trip,  about  10  days :  fare  for  passengers 
ascending,  815 ;  descending,  $9.  The  route  of  one  of  the  boats  occasionally 
extended  to  St.  Peter's  River,  400  miles  further  up. 

In  1831,  two  boats  were  employed  in  running  from  St.  Louis  up  the  Missouri 
to  Franklin,  200  miles,  and  to  Fort  Leavenworth,  200  miles  further :  freight  to 
Franklin  75  cents  per  lOOlbs.,  and  to  Fort  Leavenworth  from  81.25  to  81.50: 
from  Franklin  down,  25  cents  per  lOOlbs. 

From  St.  Louis  to  Pekin,  on  Illinois  river,  180  miles :  two  or  three  boats  regu- 
larly employed  in  1831.  Steamboats  come  occasionally  to  St.  Louis  from 
Pittsburg  and  other  places. 

St.  Louis  College  and  another  seminary  at  a  place  called  Bois  Bnile 
Bottom,  in  the  southern  part  of  the  state,  both  Catholic  institutions, 
are  the  most  considerable  literary  seminaries  in  Missouri.  A  portion  of  the 
public  lands  have  been  granted  by  congress  for  the  support  of  schools ;  but  no 
provision  for  education  has  been  made  by  the  legislature  of  the  state,  except  tho 
passing  of  some  laws  relating  to  the  lands  granted  by  congress. 

The  Baptists  in  this  state  have  9  associations.  111  churches,  07 

denomina-  ministers,  and  3,955  communicants ;  the  Methodists,  23  preachers 

tions.     jjjjj  3,403  members ;  the  Presbyterians,  17  churches,  10  ministers, 

and  605  communicants;  the  Roman  Catholics,  a  considerable  number  of 

churches  and  priests ;  the  Episcopalians,  3  ministers. 

There  are  12  periodical  papers  in  the  state. 

There  is  a  branch  of  the  Unilctl  States  Bank  at  St.  Louis,  which  is  the  only 
bank  in  the  state. 


*■■ 


Education. 


■"■% 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 


140 


30,  isai. 

Total. 
fl,449,0:U) 
321i,454 
124,7:«i 


447,190 
274,UH« 


172,204 

f  the  Secretory 


atered  by  va. 
sage,  Grand, 
rancis.     The 

,  above  Now 
t  commercial 
ere  were  six 
cans.  A  trip 
24  days ;  the 
fare  for  cabin 
ers,  $5  either 
i2i  cents, 
ling,  in  1831: 
f  being  some- 
>,  either  way ; 
boat  &lso  ran 

)ats  regularly 
or  passengers 
occasionally 


the  Missouri 
freight  to 
.25  to  $1.50: 


ler 


•ec  boats  regu- 
Louis  from 

ed  Bois  Brule 

institutions, 

lortion  of  the 

[lools ;  but  no 

ate,  except  tho 

churches,  fi7 

23  preachers 

10  ministers, 

e  number  of 


ich  is  the  only 


I 


Th. 


The  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  at  St.  liouis,  in  '  "^^O*  e„„„i,u,io„ 
gisktive  power  was  vested  in  a  (jieneral  AHsen)l)ly,  consisting  and  govern- 
of  a  S«'nato  and  a  Iloust;  of  Representatives.  Tho  rci)re8entatives  '"*•"• 
aw  chosen  every  second  year.  l'iV(!ry  county  is  entitled  to  at  least  one  repre- 
sentative; but  the  wliole  numl)er  can  nev(,'r  exceed  100.  The  senators  are 
eUrted  for  four  years,  the  seats  of  one  half  iK'ing  vacated  every  second  year. 
The  constitutional  numb(!r  is,  not  less  than  14,  nor  more  than  33.  They  aro 
chosen  by  districts,  and  are  apportioned  according  to  the  number  of  free  whito 
inhabitants.  'J'he  elections  for  representatives  and  senators  are  held  biennially 
on  the  first  Monday  in  August. 

The  executive  powcT  is  vested  in  a  governor,  who  is  elected  for  four  years, 
on  the  first  Monday  in  August;  and  he  is  ineligible  for  the  next  four  years 
aller  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service. 

At  the  time  of  the  election  of  governor,  a  lieutenant-governor  is  also  chosen, 
v/iio  is,  by  virtue  of  his  office,  president  of  the  senate. 

The  legislature  meets  every  second  year  (at  the  City  of  Jefferson,)  on  tho 
f^.rst  Monday  in  November. 

The  right  of  suffrage  is  granted  to  every  whito  male  citizen,  who  has  attained 
the  age  of  21  years,  and  has  resided  in  the  state  one  year  before  an  election,  tho 
Icist  three  months  thereof  being  in  the  county  or  district  in  which  he  offers  his  vote. 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  supreme  court,  in  a  chancellor,  circuit 
courts,  and  such  other  inferior  tribunals  as  the  general  assembly  may,  from 
time  to  time,  establish. 

Th(!  judges  arc  appointed  by  the  governor,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  con- 
sent of  the  senate ;  and  they  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  but  not 
beyond  the  agt;  of  05  years. 

The  governor's  salary  is  1500  dollars.  '. 

This  state  sends  two  representatives  to  congress. 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

The  District  of  Columbia  is  a  tract  of  country,  10  miles  square,  on  both 
sides  of  Potomac  river,  120  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  was  ceded  to  the  United 
States  by  Maryland  and  Virginia  in  1790,  and  in  1800  became  the  seat  of  tho 
general  government.     It  is  under  the  immediate  government  of  congress. 


Counties.  Population. 

Alexandria,  9,608 

Washington,  30,250 

Totaly  39,858 


Ciiief  Towns. 

Alexandria. 
Washington. 


In  1800, 
1810, 
1820, 
1830, 


Population. 
14,093 
24,023 
33,039 
39,858 


Population  at  different  Periods. 

Increase  from  1800  to  1810,    9,930 

1810      1820,     9,016 

1820      1830,     6,819 


Slaves. 
3,244 
6,395 
6,377 
6,056 


The  surface  of  the  District  of  Columbia  is  generally  very  pleasantly  diver- 
sified by  hill  and  dale.  The  soil,  in  its  natural  state,  is  sterile.  The  climate  is 
esteemed  very  healthy.  The  latitude  of  the  Capitol  is  38°  52'  45"  north,  and 
within  a  very  small  fraction,  77°  west  from  London.  The  mean  temperature 
about  55°  Fahrenheit ;  similar  to  that  of  Philadelphia,  Wilmington,  Baltimore, 
and  Richmond. 

The  situation  of  the  District  is  such  that  it  has  become  the  centre  of  a  very 
extensive  commerce.   The  quantity  of  flour  and  other  domestic  produce,  brought 


»•*(>, 


150 


.III  P' 


FLORIDA. 


down  the  Putoniuc  annually,  is  very  C()nsi(lt;ral)!<\  Tlio  principal  shipping 
interest  of  this  distri('t  centres  at  A!t;xan<lria,  hut  extensive  husiness  is  also  dune 
at  Georgetown.  'l'h(!  amount  of  exports  in  IHMO  was  Tri'.i,i)T.i  dollars,  and 
the  shippinc!  al)Out  :il,7rjO  tons.  At  the  junction  of  the  east  hranch  with  the 
Potomac,  the  United  Slates  have  a  navy-yard,  to  which  vessels  of  the  largest 
tonnage  can  ascend. 

There  an;  thr'^c  colleges  in  the  District :  Columbia  College,  a  seminary  chiefly 
under  the  direction  of  th(j  Haptist  denomination,  is  situated  near  Washington ; 
Georgetown  College,  a  Komnn  Catholic  institution,  at  Georgetown ;  and  an 
Episcopal  Theological  Seminary  in  the  vicinity  of  Alexandria. 

The  number  of  banks  in  1831  was  10,  including  a  branch  of  the  United 
States  Bank  at  Washington. 
„  ,.  .  The  Baptists  in  this  district  have  18  churches,  10  ministers,  and 

denomina-  1,668  communicants ;  the  Presbyterians,  9  churches,  11  ministers,  5 

tiong.  licentiates,  and  996  communicants;  the  Methodists,  1,400  members; 
and  the  Episcopalians,  5  ministers ;  the  Catholics,  several  churches ;  the  Uni- 
tarians, 1  minister. 


M 


mhi   ^ 


FLORIDA. 

Florida  is  bounded  north  by  Georgia  and  Alabama,  cast  by  the  Atlantic, 
south  and  south-west  by  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  and  west  by  Alabama. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Countica. 

Pop. 

County  Towns. 

Dixt.  from 
Tallulmssee. 

f  Escambia 

nw 

3,386 

Pensacola 

242 

West 

Jackson        ) 

Marianna 

77 

Florida. 

Walton         \ 

w 

6,092 

Alaqua 

161 

^  Washington  ) 

m 

Holmes'  Valley 

121 

r  Gadsden 

nm 

4,894 

Quincy 

23 

Middle 
Florida. 

Hamilton 

nm 

553 

Miccotown 

Jefferson 

nm 

3,312 

Monticello 

29 

Leon 

nm 

6,493 

Tallahassee 

.  Madison 

525 

Hickstown 

r  Alachua 

m 

2,204 

Dell's 

178 

East 
Florida. 

Duvall 

ne 

1,970 

Jacksonville 

252 

Mosquito 

733 

Timoka 

Nassau 

ne 

1,511 

Fernandina 

313 

,  St.  John's 

€ 

2,535 

St.  Augustine 

292 

S.  Florida. 
16     Tota 

Monroe 
I 

8 

517 

Key  West 

of  whom  15,510 1 

ire  slaves. 

34,723, 

The  surface  of  Florida  is  in  general  level  and  not  much  elevated  above  the 
sea.  It  is  intersected  by  numerous  ponds,  lakes,  and  rivers,  particularly  the 
St.  John's  river,  which  runs  through  nearly  the  whole  length  of  the  Peninsula 
from  south  to  north.  A  quarry  of  stone  commences  at  the  island  of  Anastasia, 
and  extends  to  the  south,  not  exceeding  three  miles  in  width.  The  stone  is  a 
concretion  of  shells ;  it  is  soft  when  the  quarry  is  first  opened,  but  becomes 
hard  upon  exposure  to  the  air,  and  is  of  excellent  use  in  building.  The  south- 
ern part  of  the  peninsula  is  a  mere  marsh,  and  terminates  at  Cape  Sable  in 
heaps  of  sharp  rocks,  interspersed  with  a  scattered  growth  of  shrubby  pines. 
The  gulf  stream  setting  along  the  coast  has  here  worn  away  the  land,  forming 
those  islands,  keys  and  rocks,  known  by  the  general  name  of  Martyrs  and 


FLORIDA. 


151 


Pincruis,  ami  by  tlit*  Spaniards  culled  cuyus,  Lx-tween  which  aiul  tliu  iiminlaiid 
in  a  navigable  channel.  Th<-.s(>  i!:)lan(ls  contain  hoiuv.  scttlcnunts  and  ninny 
good  harbors.  'I'Ik;  eddies  which  sef  towards  the  shore  Irorn  the  jriilf  stream 
causi!  niany  shipwrecks  on  this  part  of  the  coast,  furtiishing  employment  to  th« 
Hahanm  wreckers.  Th(!  rivers  and  coasts  of  l-'loridu  yield  n  variety  of  fish, 
among  which  are  the  shee|)shoad,  mullet,  trmit,  and  bass,  and  abundance  of 
.shell-fish,  as  oysters,  shrim|)s,  crabs,  &ic.  The  soil  of  Florida  is  in  some  parts, 
esp(!cinlly  on  the  banks  of  the  rivers,  equal  to  any  in  the  world ;  in  other 
[)arts,  it  is  inditK'reiit ;  and  there  an;  largi;  tracts  which  are  n'presented  to  Ik) 
of  little  value.  'I'hc  country,  however,  has  In^eii  but  im|K'rlectly  explored,  and 
lew  agricultural  e.xp<'rimeiits  have  Ix-en  made.  Much  of  the  land,  which,  on  a 
superiuMal  view,  has  bei-n  su[)posed  to  Ix;  not  worth  cultivating,  it  is  htilioved 
may  b(!  turned  to  very  profitable  account.  Owing  to  its  proximity  to  tho  sea 
on  both  sides,  this  peninsula  has  a  milder  climate  than  the  country  to  the  west 
of  it,  in  tho  same  latitude.  The  productions  are  corn,  rice,  potattx's,  cotton, 
hemp,  olives,  oranges,  and  other  fropicid  fruits,  and  it  is  supposed  that  cotl'eo 
and  tho  sugar  cant;  will  (lourish  hero.  The  pine  barrens  produce  grii:^s,  which 
supports  an  imtiienso  numl)or  of  cattle.  TIk;  foro.*^  s  yield  fine  live-oi-k,  pitch, 
tar,  and  turpentine,  and  Iurnl)er  has  been  expo- 1  -d  fir  nearly  n  <'entnry. 
Among  the  most  fertile  lands  are  Forlx's'  Purchase.,  and  tlu  AlacliUi  Savannali, 
The  climate,  from  ()ctob<;r  to  June,  is  generally  salubrious  r  but  tiio  months  of 
July,  August,  and  Septembtn*,  are  extn^mely  hot  and  uncomfortable ;  and 
during  this  season,  il-vers  arc  prevalent.  At  St.  Augustii  o,  howc\  .,  iho 
climate  is  delightful,  and  this  place  is  the  resort  of  invalids. 

The  principal   rivers  are  St.  John's,  Apalachicola,  Suwance,  S  .  :  lark's, 
Oclockonnc,  and  Connecuh. 

Tho  lakes  are  Macaca,  and  Lake  George. 

The  principal  bays  are  Pcnsacola,  St.  Rosn,  Apalachie,  Tarupa,  Charlotte 
Harlx)r,  and  Chatham  Bay. 

The  Florida  canal  extends  from  the  mouth  of  the  river  St.  Mary's,  to  Apa- 
lachie  Bay ;  length,  250  miles. 


I'uorii.E  vm:\v  of  the  Florida  caival. 
The  capes  are  Cannaveral,  Florida,  Sable,  Romans,  and  St.  Bias. 
The  chief  towns  arc  Pcnsacola,  St.  Auf.;iitinc,  Jacksonville,  and  Tallahassee, 
the  capital. 

The  bank  of  Florida  is  at  Tallahassee,  and  the  only  one  in  the  Territory. 
The  salary  of  the  governor  is  2,500  dollars. 


MICHIGAN  TERRITORY. 

Length,  250  miles;  breadth,  135:  containing  33,950  square  miles,  and 
21,600,000  acres.  Between  41°  31'  and  45°  40'  N.  lat. ;  and  between  5°  12' 
and  10°  W.  Ion.  from  Washington.  Bounded  on  the  north  by  the  straits  of 
Michilimackinac ;  east  by  lakes  Huron,  St.  Clair,  and  Erie,  and  their  waters ; 
south  by  Ohio  and  Indiana ;  and  west  by  lake  Michigan. 


153 


MICHIGAN  TERRITORY. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Population. 

County  Towns. 

UiHtancc  fr. 
DiUroit. 

Berrien 

323 

Nilos 

179 

Cass 

928 

Edwardsburg 

169 

Jackson 

Tacksonopolis 

88 

Lenawee                s 

1,491 

Tccumseh 

63 

Macomb                se 

2,414 

Mount  Clemens 

26 

Michilimackinac     n 

877 

Mackinac 

321 

Monroe                 se 

3,187 

Monroe 

30 

Oakland             sem 

4,910 

Pontiac 

26 

St.  Clair                 c 

1,115 

St.  Clair 

59 

St.  Joseph 

1,313 

White  Pigeon  Prairie 

Van  Biiren 

5 

Washtenaw          sm 

4,042 

Ann  Arbor 

42 

Wayne                  se 

4,565  > 
2,222 

FlF.TlinTT 

Detroit,  city 

J_/£iX  tW/^M. 

Counties  west  o, 

f  Lake  Michigan,  which  are  under  its        \ 

government. 

Brown 

964 

Menomonie 

Chippewa 

625 

Sault  de  Stc.  Marie 

356 

Crawford 

692 

Prairie  du  Chien 

598 

Iowa 

17            Total 

1,589 

Helena 

31,260,  of  whom  27  are  slaves. 

Michigan  territory  is  a  large  peninsula,  something  resembling  a  triangle, 
with  its  base  resting  upon  Ohio  and  Indiana.  Three  quarters  of  its  extent  are 
surrounded  by  the  great  lakes  Huron  and  Michigan.  It  is  generally  a  level 
country,  having  no  mountains,  and  not  many  elevations  that  might  properly 
be  called  hills.  The  centre  of  the  peninsula  is  table  land,  elevated,  however, 
not  many  feet  above  the  level  of  the  lakes,  and  sloping  inwards. 

The  eastern  parts  of  this  territory,  from  various  circumstances,  became  first 
settled.  Within  the  few  last  years  a  great  mass  of  emigrants  have  begun  to 
spread  themselves  over  this  fine  and  fertile  country.  Situated,  as  it  is,  be- 
tween the  west,  the  south,  and  the  east,  with  greater  facilities  for  extensive  inland 
water  commu.iication  than  any  other  country  on  the  globe,  with  a  fertile  soil, 
of  which  millions  of  acres  are  fit  for  the  plow,  with  a  healthful  climate,  and 
with  a  concurrence  of  circumstances  inviting  northern  population,  there  can 
be  no  doubt  that  it  will  soon  take  its  place  as  a  state,  and  rival  its  western 
sister  states.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  barley,  buckwheat,  potatoes,  turnips, 
peas,  apples,  pears,  plums,  cherries,  and  peaches  are  raised  easily  and  in 
abundance.  It  is  a  country  more  favorable  to  cultivated  grasses  than  the 
western  country.  In  short,  it  is  peculiarly  fitted  for  northern  farmers.  No 
inland  country,  according  to  its  age,  population,  and  circumstances,  has  a 
greater  trade.  A  number  of  steamboats  and  lake  vessels  arc  constantly 
plying  in  this  trade,  which  is  with  Mackinack,  Detroit,  Chicago,  and  Ohio. 
The  amount  of  foreign  exports,  in  1831,  was  $53,290. 

The  climate  of  this  region,  in  consequence  of  its  being  level  and  peninsular, 
and  surrounded  on  all  sides  but  the  south  with  such  immense  bodies  of  wntcr, 
is  more  temperate  and  mild  than  could  be  expected  from  its  latitude.  The 
southern  parts  have  mild  winters,  and  the  spring  opens  as  early  as  in  any  part 
of  the  United  States  in  the  same  latitude :  the  position  of  the  northern  parts 
must  subject  it  to  a  Canadian  temperature.  The  winter  commences  here  early 
in  November,  and  does  not  terminate  until  the  end  of  March.  At  De- 
troit, in  1818,  the  mean  heat  of  January  was  24^,  and  in  1820,  the  mean  iicat 


>      vl 


NORTH-WEST  TERRITORY. 


163 


of  July  was  69°,  of  December  27°.  At  Mackinack,  the  most  northern  settle- 
ment in  the  United  States,  the  mean  heat  of  October  was  45° ;  of  November 
32° ;  and  of  December  21°. 

The  Methodists  in  this  territory  have  11  preachers  and  675  mem-  jie„gio„, 
bers ;  the  Presbyterians,  6  churches  and  6  ministers  j  the  Episcopa-  denomina- 
lians,  5  ministers;  the  Baptists,  1  association,  2  ministers,  and  187     "°"*' 
communicants ;  the  Roman  Catholics,  several  priests. 

The  governor's  salary  is  2,000  dollars. 

Detroit,  the  capital  of  Michigan,  was  settled  by  the  French  about 

"'"*"^'  the  year  1670.  In  1805,  the  country  was  erected  by  the  congress 
of  the  United  States  into  a  separate  territorial  government;  in  1812,  it  was 
taken  by  the  British  unde.  general  Brock ;  and  in  1813,  it  was  recovered  by 
the  army  of  the  United  States  under  general  Harrison. 


: 


m 


NORTH-WEST  TERRITORY. 

Nearly  500  miles  in  length,  and  400  in  breadth.  Between  42°  30',  and 
49°  N.  latitude,  and  10°  31',  and  18°  30'  W.  longitude  from  Washington. 
Bounded  east  by  Lake  Michigan;  north  by  Lake  Superior  and  the  British 
possessions;  west  by  the  Mississippi,  and  a  line  drawn  from  its  source  to  the 
northern  boundary,  which  separates  it  from  Missouri  Territory.  The  most 
accurate  account  of  this  country  is  to  be  found  in  Long's  Second  Expedition. 
It  is  generally  a  hilly  country,  with  the  exception  of  extensive  level  prairies 
At  the  western  extremity  of  Lake  Superior  are  the  Cabolian  Mountains;  and 
near  the  mineral  district  the  Smoky  Mountains.  In  some  of  its  features,  this 
country  resembles  Missouri  Territory ;  but  has  greater  proportions  covered 
with  wood.  The  chief  rivers,  except  the  Mississippi,  are  Ouisconsin  river.  Fox, 
Chippeway,  St.  Croix,  Rum,  St.  Francis,  and  Savanna  of  the  Mississippi ; 
Grand  Portage,  Ontonagon,  Montreal,  Mauvaise,  Bois  Brule,  St.  Louis,  and 
nearly  50  smaller  streams  are  waters  of  Lake  Superior.  Riviere  la  Pluie  falls 
into  the  Lake  of  the  Woods.  None  of  the  lake  rivers  have  a  course  of  more 
than  150  rniles,  and  few  more  than  50  miles. 

The  largest  river  of  the  Mississippi  in  this  Territory,  is  Ouisconsin,  which 
rises  in  the  northern  interior  of  the  country,  and  interlocks  with  the  Montreal 
Jl'Lake  Superior.  It  has  a  course  of  between  3  and  400  miles,  with  a  shallow 
and  raj^id  current,  which  is,  however,  generally  beatable  in  good  stages  of  the 
water,  and  is  800  yards  wide  at  its  mouth.  There  is  a  portage  of  only  half  a 
mile  between  this  and  Fox  river.  It  i3  over  a  level  prairie,  across  which,  fifom 
river  to  river  there  is  a  water  commi^Aation  for  periagues  in  high  stages  of 
the  water.  IH^ 

This  is  a  fine  region  for  hunters,  nrthe  upper  part  of  the  country,  buflfaloes, 
elk,  bears  and  deer  are  common.     Beavers,  otters,  and  muskrats  are  taken  for 


f!  . 


* 


>" 


154 


NORTH-WEST  TERRITORY. 


,11 


Ui 


m  Is  I 


m  1 


iV 


their  furs.  The  trappers  and  savages  roam  over  irntnense  prairies  in  pursuit 
of  their  objects.  In  some  parts  of  it  the  soil  is  fertile.  White  and  yellow  pine, 
and  white  birch  are  common  among  the  forest  trees.  All  the  water-courses, 
ponds,  and  marshes  are  covered  with  wild  rice,  which  constitutes  a  considera- 
ble part  of  the  nourishment  of  the  inhabitants.  The  liead  waters  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi are  estimated  to  be  1,330  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

It  is  a  country  abundant  in  minerals.  In  it  are  found  great  quantities  of  the 
terre  verte,  or  green  earth,  lead,  copper  and  iron.  The  lead-mine  district  is  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  country,  between  Rocic  river  and  the  Ouisconsin.  On 
Fever  river  are  the  chief  establishments  of  the  present  miners,  and  the  mines 
are  probably  as  rich  and  as  abundant  as  any  in  the  world.  It  Ims  been  assert- 
ed, for  half  a  century,  that  great  quantities  of  native  copper  are  found  along 
the  northern  shore  of  Lake  Superior.  On  the  Ontonagon  are  great  quantities  of 
pure  copper  in  detached  masses.  A  single  mass  is  estimated  to  weigh  3,000 
pounds.  More  recent  and  intelligent  travellers  have  not  realized  the  expecta- 
tions that  have  been  raised  in  respect  to  finding  this  metal.  But  lead  and  jron 
are  found  in  various  places ;  and  sufficient  indications  of  the  existence  of  mines 
of  copper. 

The  southern  part  of  this  extensive  region  possesses  a  climate  compara- 
tively mild,  and  not  much  unlike  that  of  the  northern  belt  of  Missouri.  At  the 
Falls  of  St.  Anthony  the  summers  are  temperate,  and  the -winters  extremely 
cold.  The  sources  of  the  Mississippi  are  in  a  r^'rion  severely  inclement.  At 
St.  Peters,  in  1820,  the  mean  temperature  of  January  was  zero,  a  degree  of 
cold  not  felt  in  any  part  of  the  United  States  that  is  much  settled.'  The  sum- 
mer was  temperate,  and  the  atmosphere  beautifully  serene.  Even  at  Prairie 
du  Chien,  though  much  more  temperate,  the  winters  are  very  severe. 

On  the  19th  July,  near  the  Falls  of  Packagama,  the  elevation  being  1,200 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  "  the  night  was  so  cold  that  the  water  froze  upon 
the  bottoms  of  the  canoes,  and  they  were  incrusted  with  a  scale  of  ice  of  the 
thickness  of  a  knife-blade.  The  thermometer  stood  at  36°  at  sunrise.  There 
had  been  a  heavy  dew  during  the  night,  which  was  succeeded  by  a  dense  fog 
in  the  morning,  and  the  forenoon  remained  cloudy  and  chilly." 

Green  Bay  Settlement  is  situated  at  the  outlet  of  Fox  river,  and  contains  952 
inhabitants.  A  few  miles  up  Fox  river  of  this  bay,  in  a  most  romantic  posi- 
tion, is  an  interesting  Episcopal  missionary  establishment.  There  are  two  or 
three  other  incipient  establishments  of  hunters  and  trappers.  Prairie  du  Chien 
is  a  considerable  village.  There  are  flour-mills  near  it.  It  is  a  place  of  im- 
portance as  an  outlet  from  the  Lower  Mississippi  to  the  upper  waters.  It  is 
situated  near  a  beautiful  prairie.  The  position  of  the  village  has  been  recently 
iniHi)4&ted.  Most  of  the  permanent  i]j|||bi^nts  have  Indian  blood  in  their  veins. 
At  certain  seasons  ol'  the  year  it  h^IHkJous,  bustling,  and  busy.  Curious 
modes  of  justice  and  of  dispatching  J)OTftess  have  been  adopted  here  by  pre- 
scription. The  inha'  tants  of  this  village  and  settlement  amount  to  492.  Fre- 
quent voyages  are  made  from- St.  Louis  to  this  place  in  keel-boats.  The  richest 
copper  mines,  and.  large  masses  of  pure  copper,  are  found  here. 

This  vast  region  has  hitherto  been  politically  connected  with  Michigan  Ter- 
ritory ;  but  as  that  Territory  has  as  distinct  geogi*aphical  limits  as  any  state  in 
the  Union,  and  this  region  is  only  connected  with  that  by  circumstances  of  a 
temporary  nature,  it  is  evident  that  this  country  ought  to  be  viewed,  at  least 
geographically,  as  a  territory  by  itself. 

Prairie  du  Chien,  Cassville,  and  Green  Bay  are  the  largest  villages,  and  the 
whole  population  is  rated  at  16,000.  Three  thousand  immigrants  for  this  coun- 
try passed  through  Buffalo  in  a  single  week. 


1^ 


*i 


rics  in  pursuit 
1(1  yellow  pine, 
water-courses, 
cs  u  considcra- 
ers  of  the  Mis- 

uantities  of  the 
lie  district  is  in 
lisconsin.  Ou 
and  the  mines 
as  been  assert- 
re  found  along 
at  quantities  of 
,0  weigh  3,000 
.^d  the  expecta- 
it  lead  and  iron 
stence  of  mines 

mate  compara- 
ssouri.  At  the 
Iters  extremely 
inclement.  At 
ro,  a  degree  of 
ed.'  The  suni- 
5ven  at  Prairie 
3vere. 

an  being  1,200 
'ater  froze  upon 
le  of  ice  of  the 
unrise.  There 
by  a  dense  fog 

id  contains  952 
romantic  posi- 
lerc  are  two  or 
rairie  du  Chien 
a  place  of  im- 
waters.     It  is 
s  been  recently 
in  their  veins. 
)usy.     Curious 
'd  here  by  pre- 
It  to  492.   Fre- 
ts. The  richest 

Michigan  Ter- 
as  any  state  in 
umstances  of  a 
iewed,  at  least 


11a  ges,  and  the     | 
i  for  this  coun-      I 


ARKANSAS  TERRITORY. 

ARKANSAS  TERRITORY. 


155 


■■v^. 


r 

I 


Greatest  length  500  miles.  Medial  length  300.  Breadth  240.  It  con- 
tains more  than  50,000  square  miles.  Between  33°  and  36°  30'  N.  latitude; 
and  13°  and  23°  W.  longitude  from  Wjishington.  Bounded  north  by  Missouri 
and  the  territory  lieyor.'i ;  o ist  by  the  Mississippi,  which  separates  it  from  Ten- 
nessee and  Mississippi ;  ^outh  by  Louisiana  and  the  Mexican  states ;  west  by 
those  states.  It  was  erected  into  a  territorial  government  in  1819,  and  contains 
25,667  whites,  and  4678  blacks— total  30,383.  The  limits  of  this  great  region 
are  strongly  defined  by  physical  and  geographical  lines.  These  lines  are  for 
the  most  part  large  rivers,  and  the  ocean  of  prairies  beyond. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  TOWNS. 

Counties. 

Pop. 

County  Towns. 

Uist.  I'roin 
Littlu  Kock. 

Arkan.sas 

e 

1,423 

Arkansas 

114 

Chicot 

se 

1,165 

Villemont 

184 

Clark 

cm 

1,369 

Clark  C.  H. 

87 

Conway 

em 

082 

Harrisburg 

40 

Crawford 

m 

2,440 

Crawford  C.  H. 

136 

Crittenden 

ne 

1,272 

Greenock 

168 

Hempstead 

s 

2,507 

Hempstead  C.  H. 

130 

Hot  or  Warm 

Spring  m 

458 

Warm  Spring 

60 

Independence 

n 

2,032 

Batesville 

102 

Izard 

n 

1,266 

Izard  C.  H. 

172 

Jackson 

333 

Litchfield 

Jefferson 

772 

Lafayette 

« 

748 

Lafayette  C.  H. 

182 

Lawrence 

ne 

2,806 

Jackson 

152 

Miller 

»w 

358 

Miller  C.  H.       s 

228 

Monroe 

461 

Jacob's  Staff       • 

84 

Phillips  ' 

€ 

1,152 

Helena       •       - 

124 

Pope 

1,483 

Scotia 

81 

Pulaski 

m 

2,395 

Little  Rock 

St.  Francis 

1,505 

Franklin 

Sevier 

636 

Paraclifta 

168 

Union 

640 

Corea  Fabre 

Washington 
23 

Total 

2,181 

Fayetteville 

of  whom  4,.578  arc  slav 

217 

PS. 

.30,383, 

The  soil  exhibits  every  variety,  from  the  most  productive  to  the  most  sterile. 
The  indigenous  forest-trees  arc  specifically  numerous,  and  very  large.  The 
principal  species  are,  oak,  hickory,  ash,  sycamore,  cotton-wood,  linden,  maple, 
three  or  four  species,  locust  and  pine.  The  cultivated  fruit-trees  are  the  apple, 
|war,  peach,  plum,  nectarine,  cherry  and  quince.  The  various  kinds  of  small 
grain  succeed  well,  such  as  wheat,  rye,  oats,  barley,  and  maize.  Garden 
plants  are  abundant,  and  grow  luxuriously.  In  metallic  wealth,  Arkansas  is 
productive  in  iron  ore,  gypsum,  and  common  salt.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  flour, 
peltry,  salted  prov.'sions,  and  lumber,  are  the  staples  of  the  territory.  Arkansas 
was  among  the  most  ancient  settlements  of  the  French  in  Louisiana.  That 
nation  had  a  hunting  and  trading  post  on  the  Arkansas  river  as  early  as  the 
beginning  of  the  eighteenth  century ;  but,  from  the  peculiar  situation  of  the  adja- 
cent country,  the  settlements  upon  that  river  made  little  advance  before  the 
transfer  of  Louisiana  to  the  United  States.  Since  that  period,  Arkansas  has 
been  involved  in  the  various  vicissitudes  of  the  country  of  which  it  formed  a 


r 


r  ^ 


15G 


MISSOURI  TERRITORY. 


part ;  and  on  the  formation  of  Missouri  into  a  state,  became  a  territory  of  the 
United  States. 

The  Arkansas  Territory  was  erected  into  a  separate  government  in  1819, 
extending  from  the  Mississippi  to  Mexico;  but  in  1824,  the  western  limit  was 
restricted  to  a  line  beginning  40  miles  the  west  of  the  south-west  corner  of 
the  state  of  Missouri,  and  running  south  to  Red  river. 

The  Hot  Springs,  towards  the  sources  of  the  Washita,  are  much  visited  by 
invalids.  The  waters  are  pure  and  limpid,  with  little  or  no  mineral  properties, 
and  their  ordinary  temperature  is  said  to  be  that  of  boiling  heat. 

The  Methodists  in  this  territory  have  7  preachers  and  983  mem- 
denomina-  bers ;  the  Baptists,  1  association,  8  churches,  2  ministers,  and  88 

tions.  communicants  ;  the  Roman  Catholics,  several  priests ;  the  Presbyte- 
rians, 3  or  4  ministers ;  and  the  Episcopalians,  1  minister. 

The  governor's  salary  is  2,000  dollars. 


f:i 


MISSOURI  TERRITORY. 

This  vast  extent  of  country,  lying  between  the  Mississippi  and  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  comprises  the  greater  part  of  the  western  slope  of  the  Mississippi 
valley,  and  is  almost  wholly  uninhabited,  except  by  Indians. 

A  belt  of  country,  extending  from  200  to  400  miles  to  the  west  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, is  covered,  in  great  part,  with  forests.  To  the  west  of  this  is  found 
a  vast  repion  of  plains  reaching  to  the  Rocky  Mountains ;  in  some  parts  it  is 
fertile  and  covered  with  grass,  and  in  others  sandy  and  sterile.  It  has  been 
compared  to  the  steppes  of  Central  Asia,  and  some  portions  of  it  to  the  African 
desert  of  Sahara.  The  margins  of  the  lower  courses  of  the  rivers  that  enter 
the  Mississippi  from  this  region  are  wooded ;  but  in  ascending  towards  the 
mountains,  the  trees  gradually  diminish,  and  at  length  entirely  disappear. 

To  the  west  of  these  plains  the  Rocky  Mountains  rise  up  in  an  abrupt  man- 
ner,  presenting  a  steep  front,  with  many  frowning  rocky  precipices,  and  having 
many  summits  covered  with  perpetual  snow.  It  is  a  singular  fact  that,  between 
the  sources  of  the  La  Platte  and  the  Buenaventura,  there  is  an  opening  through 
this  range  which  admits  the  passage  of  loaded  wagons. 

The  largest  rivers  of  this  country  are  the  Missouri  and  its  tributaries,  the 
Konsas  or  Kansas,  La  Platte,  and  Yellowstone. 

The  Great  Falls  of  the  Missouri,  which  are  2570  miles  by  the  river  from 
the  Mississippi,  consist  of  a  succession  of  cataracts  and  rapids,  amounting  in 
the  whole  to  350  feet.  The  largest  cataract,  which  is  87  feet  perpendicular, 
presents  a  scene  of  much  beauty  and  grandeur. 

The  place  where  the  Missouri  seems  to  have  torn  for  itoolf  a  passage  through 
the  mountain  ridge,  called  the  Gates  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  is  described  as  a 
very  sublime  spectacle.  The  river  flows  through  a  chasm  more  than  five 
miles  long,  where  the  rocks  rise  perpendicularly  from  the  water's  edge  to  the 
height  of  nearly  1200  feet.  The  stream  is  here  compressed  to  the  width  of 
150  yards ;  and  for  the  space  of  three  miles,  there  is  but  one  spot  on  which  a 
man  can  stand,  between  the  edge  of  the  water  and  the  perpendicular  ascent  of 
the  mountain  rock. 

The  United  States  have  established  military  posts  at  Council  Bluffs  and  on 
St.  Peter's  river. 


#  '  i 


\ 


^ttL 


nent  in  1819, 
tern  limit  was 
fest  corner  of 


OREGON  TERRITORY. 

OREGON  TERRITORY. 


157 


This  is  an  extensive  country,  lying  between  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  the 
Pacific  ocean  ;  but  it  is  little  known. 

It  is  watered  by  the  river  Oregon,  or  Columbia,  and  its  branches,  the  princi- 
pal of  which  are  Lewis's  river,  Clark's  rivpr,  and  the  Multnomah. 

The  country  bordering  on  the  Oregon  and  its  branches,  is  represented  as 
having  a  good  soil,  and  is  covered  with  heavy  timber,  consisting  chiefly  of  va- 
rious species  of  fir ;  many  of  the  trees  being  of  enormous  height. 

At  a  distance  from  the  ocean  the  country  is  mountainous,  destitute  of  trees, 
and  much  of  it  barren.  Extensive  prairies  are  found  on  the  west,  as  well  as 
on  the  east  side  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

The  climate,  in  the  mountainous  parts,  is  severe ;  but  near  the  shores  of  the 
Pacific  ocean,  it  is  much  milder  than  in  the  s&me  latitude  on  the  Atlantic. 

This  country  was  explored  by  Lewis  and  Clark,  in  1805;  and  in  1811,  a 
trading  establishment  was  formed  at  Astoria  by  some  Americans. 


»  « I 


Table  exhibiting  the  Seats  of  Government,  the  Times  of  holding  the  Elec- 
tion of  State  Officers,  and  the  Time  of  the  Meeting  of  the  Legislature  of 
the  several  States.  ,  ' 


g  towards  the 


the  river  from 
amounting  in 


assage  through 
described  as  a 
lore  than  five 
r's  edge  to  the 
the  width  of 
)ot  on  which  a 
;ular  ascent  of 

Bluffs  and  on 


gtatea. 


Maine 

N.  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

N.  Carolina 

S.  Carolina 

Georgia 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Tennessee 

Kentucky 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Mieeouri 


Seats  of  Govern- 
ment. 


Augusta 
Concord 
Montpelier 
Boston 

^  Providence, 
\  Newport,  &.c. 
Hart.  &  N.  Hav. 
Albany 
Trenton 
Harrisburg 
Dover 
Annapolis 
Richnriond 
Raleigh 
Columbia 
I.Iilledgeville 
Tuscaloosa 
Jackson 
New  Orleans 
Nashville 
Frankfort 
Columbia 
Indianapolis 
Vandalia 
Jefferson  City 


Time  of  holding  Elections. 

2d  Monday  in  Sept. 
2d  Tuesday  in  March 
Ist  Tuesday  in  Sept. 
2d  Mend,  in  November 
Gov.  &  Sen.  in  Ap. ; 
Rep.  in  Ap.  &  Aug. 
1st  Monday  in  April 
In  Octobei*  or  Novem. 
2d  Tuesday  in  October 
2d  Tuesday  in  October 
2d  Tuesday  in  Novem. 
1st  Monday  in  October 
In  the  month  of  April 
Commonly  in  August 
2d  Monday  in  October 
1st  Monday  in  October 
1st  Monday  in  August 
1st  Monda  ■  in  August 
1st  Monday  in  July 
1st  Thursday  in  August 
1st  Monday  in  August 
2d  Tuesday  in  October 
1st  Monday  in  August 
1st  Monday  in  August 
list  Monday  in  August 


Time  of  the  Meeting  of  the 
Legislature. 


Ist  Wednesday  in  Jan. 
1st  Wednesday  in  June 
2d  Thursday  in  Oct. 
1st  Wednesday  in  Jan. 
lstWed.May&  in  June 
lastWed.Oct.  &-  in  Jan. 
1st  Wednesday  in  May 
1st  Tuesd.  in  January 
4th  Tuesd.  in  October 
1st  Tuesday  in  Decem. 
1st  Tues.  in  Jan.  bienn. 
last  Monday  in  Decem. 
1st  Monday  in  Decem. 
2d  Mond.  m  November 
4th  Monday  in  Novem. 
1st  Monday  in  Novem. 
4th  Monday  in  October 
1st  Monday  in  Novem. 
1st  Monday  in  January 
:id  Mond.  Sept.  hienn, 
1st  Monday  in  Novem. 
1st  Monday  in  Decem. 
1st  Monday  in  Decem. 
1st  Mond.  Dec.  bienn. 
1st  Mond.  Nov.  bienn. 


158 


'ABT,E  OF  REPRESENTATIVES,  &c. 


*% 


E(?r"'T''!lif 


Table  exhibiting  the  Governor's  Term  and  Salary,  the  Number  of  Sen- 
ators  and  Ilepresentatipes  with  their  respective  Terms  and  Pay,  and 
the  Mode  of  choosing  Electors  of  President  and  Vice-President,  in 
the  ser^eral  States. 


:f  ■■■ 

a 
H  cd 

Salary. 

3 

i 

o 

20 

h 

El 

■3-3 

173 

Electors  of 
President 
and  Vice- 
President 
chosen  by] 

Maine 

1 

150. 

1 

153 

f2.00 

Districts 

New  Hampshire 

1 

1200 

12 

1 

229 

236 

2.00 

Gen'l  Ticket 

Vermont* 

1 

750 

none 

230 

230 

1.50 

do. 

Massachusettsf 

1 

3666§ 

.40 

1 

481 

521 

2.00 

do. 

Rhode  Island 

1 

400 

10 

1 

72 

82 

1.50 

do. 

Connecticut  :j: 

1 

1100 

21 

1 

208 

229 

2.00 

do. 

New  York 

2 

4000 

32 

4 

128 

160 

3.00 

do. 

New  Jersey§ 

1 

2000 

14 

1 

50 

64 

3.00 

do. 

Pennsylvania 

3 

4000 

33 

4 

100 

133 

3.00 

do. 

Delaware 

3 

1333i 

9 

4 

21 

30 

2.50 

Legislature 

Maryland 

1 

3500 

15 

5 

80 

95 

4.00 

Districts 

Virginia 

3 

3333J 

32 

4 

134 

166 

4.00 

Gen'l  Ticket 

North  Carolina 

1 

2000 

04 

1 

134 

198 

3.00 

do. 

South  Carolina 

2 

3900 

45 

4 

124 

169 

4.00 

Legislature 

Georgia 

2 

3000 

78 

1 

142 

220 

4.00 

(icn'l  Ticket 

Alabama 

2 

2000 

22 

3 

72 

X 

94 

4.00 

do. 

Mississippi 

2 

2500 

11 

3 

36 

47 

3.00 

do. 

Louisiana 

4 

7000 

17 

4 

50 

2 

67 

4.00 

Legislature 

Tennessee 

2 

2000 

20 

2 

60 

2 

80 

4.00 

do. 

Kentucky 

4 

2000 

38 

4 

100 

138 

2.00 

Gen'l  Ticket 

Ohio 

2 

1200 

36 

2 

72 

108 

3.00 

do. 

Indiana 

3 

1000 

23 

3 

62 

85 

2.00 

do. 

Illinois 

4 

1000 

4 

2 

3.00 

do. 

Missouri 

4 

1500 

18 

4 

49 

2 

66 

3.00 

do. 

♦  There  is  no  senate  in  the  legislature  of  Vermont ;  but  the  executive  council,  con- 
sisting of  the  governor,  lieutenant-governor,  and  12  counsellors,  elected  by  the  free- 
men, are  empowered  to  lay  before  the  general  assembly  such  business  as  shall  appear 
to  them  necessary ;  also  to  revise  and  propose  amendments  to  the  laws  passed  by  the 
house  of  representatives. 

t  The  number  of  representatives  in  the  legislature  of  Massachusetts  in  1831,  was 
481 ;  but  the  number  is  very  variable. 

\  The  pay  of  the  senators,  in  the  legislature  of  Connecticut,  is  $2  a  day ;  that  of 
the  representatives,  .f  1.50. 

}  The  upper  house,  which  forms  an  independent  branch  of  the  legislature  of  New 
Jersey,  is  styled  the  "  Legislative  Council." 

II  Three  different  modes  of  choosing  the  electors  of  president  and  vice-president  in 
the  different  states,  are  authorized  by  tlie  constitution,  viz.  by  the  people  by  districts, 
by  the  people  by  a  general  ticket,  and  by  the  state  legislatures.  The  same  states  have 
not  all  uniformly  wlhered  to  the  same  mode ;  and  the  mode  may  be  varied  at  the 
pleasure  of  tlie  state  legislatures. 


..^ii«ii-.. 


MEXICO. 

MEXICO. 


159 


PYRAMID  OF  ClIOLULA. 

Mexico  is  bounded  north  by  the  United  States  nnd  Gulf  of  Mexico;  east  by 
the  United  States,  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  Bay  of  Honduras;  south  by  Guate- 
mala ;  and  west  by  the  Pacilic  Ocean. 

The  chief  cities  are  Mexico,  the  metropolis  and  capital,  Guanaxuato,  Guada- 
laxara,  Puebla,  Oaxaca,  Zacatecas,  Vera  Cruz,  and  Valladolid. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Brazos,  Colorado,  Bravo,  Grande,  Gila,  Colo- 
rado of  the  west,  Buenaventura,  and  Hiaqui. 

Length,  1850  miles;  breadth,  1,000:  square  miles,  1,690,000.  Population 
7,000,000 :  by  some  the  population  is  estimated  at  8,000,000. 

The  Ibllowing  19  independent  states  belong  to  the  Mexican  Republic,  besides 
5  Territories : 

States.  Sq.  miles.  Population.  Capital. 

Mexico 30,482. . .  .1,100,000. . .  .Mexico 

Puebla 18,441 ....  900,000 ....  Puebla 

Guanaxuato 6,225 600,000 Guanaxuato 

Michoacan 24,166 ....  38.'i,000 ....  Valladolid 

Jalisco 72,389 ....  600,000 ....  Guadalaxara 

Zacatecas 17,580 230,298 Zacatecas 

Oaxaca 32,697 600,000 Oaxaca 

Yucatan 79,534 ....  450,000 ....  Merida 

Tabasco 14,676 78,056 Hermosa 

Chiapas 18,750 93,750 Chiapas 

Vera  Cruz 27,660 ....  156,740 Jalapa 

Queretaro 13,482 500,000 Queretaro 

San  Luis  Potosi 19,017 ....  174,957 ....  San  Luis  Potosi 

Tamtulipas 35,121 166,624 Tamaulipas 

Durango 54,800 200,000 Durango 

Chihuahua 107,584 ....  160,000 ....  Chihuahua 

Sonera  and  Sinaloa 254,705 188,636 Sinaloa 

New  Leon 21,200 113,419 Monterey 

Coahulia  and  Texas 193,600 125,400 Leona  Vicario 

Ter.  of  Santa  Fe 214,800 ....  150,000 ....  Santa  Fe 

Do.  Up.  California 376,344 25,400 Monterey 

Do.  L.  California 57,021 13,419 . . ,  .Lorcto  . 

Totals....  1,690,304        7,011,899 

The  Territories  of  Tlascala  and  Colima  consist  of  those  cities  respectively, 
together  with  a  very  limited  extent  of  contiguous  country. 
The  country  out  of  which  this  republic  has  been  formed,  is  peculiar  as  re- 


^i 


160 


MEXICO. 


^^:'fl 


iliillj     ' 


m  -'!'■ 


81  Kh 


¥m  ■ 


spects  the  features  of  its  geography.  It  extends  from  lat.  15"  60'  to  42°  N. : 
the  intermediate  space  embracing  every  variety  of  soil,  from  the  most  recent 
alluvion  to  mountain  valleys,  or  rather  plains,  of  near  8000  feet  above  the  con- 
tiguous oceans.  These  elevated  plains  are  again  broken  and  decorated  by  col- 
lossal  summits,  rising  from  12  to  upwards  of  17,000  feet. 

In  one  of  those  aerial  valleys,  stands  the  city  of  Mexico,  7,400  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  From  this  difference  of  elevation,  and  from  em- 
bracing  such  an  extensive  range  within  and  without  the  tropics,  Mexico  may  bo 
considered  as  possessing  every  climate  of  the  earth,  and  capable  of  producing 
every  vegetable  necessary  to  the  wants  or  the  luxuries  of  human  life.  Its  me- 
tallic wealth  is  no  less  abundant  than  its  vegetables.  From  its  bowels  are 
extracted  many  of  the  most  useful,  and  all  the  precious  metals. 

Mexico  is  perhaps  better  calculated  than  any  other  part  of  the  earth,  to  form 
a  political  community  capable  of  producing  within  its  own  limits,  all  that  the 
necessities,  the  arts,  or  elegancies  of  society  can  demand. 

Mexico  has  no  slaves  worth  notice;  that  class  of  its  population  not  amount- 
ing, at  the  utmost,  to  more  than  10,000 ;  or  as  1  to  584  of  the  entire  body  of 
thoipeople.  The  civilized  Indians  form  more  than  two-fifths  of  the  whole,  and 
are  ihe  laboring,  productive,  and  efficient,  though  not  the  ruling  people. 

The  manufactures  of  Mexico  are  said  to  be  very  considerable,  consisting  of 
cotton,  wool,  leather,  tobacco,  gunpowder,  &c. ;  but  as  no  recent  account  has 
been  received  of  them,  a  description  will  be  omitted. 

Every  reader  knows,  that  those  of  the  precious  metals  are  generally 
found  among  mountains ;  and  that  this  is  the  country  of  silver  and 
gold.  The  annual  produce,  in  ordinary  years,  used  seldom  to  fall  below 
$22,000,000  of  silver.  The  gold  is  found  in  little  straw-like  fragments  and 
veins.  The  richest  mine,  in  its  yield  of  native  silver,  is  Bartopilas  in  New 
Biscay.  In  most  of  them,  the  metal  is  extracted  from  red,  black,  muriated  and 
sulphuretted  ores  of  silver.  In  South  America,  the  chief  mines  are  found  on 
the  summits  of  the  Andes,  in  the  regions  of  perpetual  frost  and  ice.  In  Mexico, 
on  the  contrary,  the  richest,  such  as  those  of  Guanaxuato,  Zacatecas,  Tasco, 
and  Real  de  Monte,  are  found  between  5,500  and  6,500  feet  high.  The  climate 
is  delightful,  and  the  vicinity  abounds  with  forests,  and  every  facility  to  work 
the  mines  to  advantage.  A  catalogue  of  the  names  of  50  mines  might  easily 
be  given,  extending  from  Santa  Fe,  at  the  sources  of  the  Rio  del  Norte,  to  the 
Pacific. 

Mexico  has  but  few  good  harbors ;  some  of  the  best  and  most  frequented  are 
Vera  Cruz  and  Tampico  on  the  gulf  of  Mexico ;  and  Acapulco  and  San  Bias 
on  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Vera  Cruz  is  the  port  through  which  most  of  the  com- 
merce between  Mexico  and  Europe  has  been  carried  on. 

In  the  tropical  regions  the  year  is  divided  into  only  two  seasons,  called  the 
rainy  and  the  dry.  The  rainy  season  commences  in  June  or  July,  and  con- 
tinues about  four  months,  till  September  or  October,  when  the  dry  season  com- 
mences and  continues  about  eight  months.  On  the  low  lands  upon  the  coast, 
the  climate  is  hot  and  unhealthy.  On  the  declivity  of  the  Cordillera  at  the 
elevation  of  4  or  5000  feet,  there  reigns  perpetually  a  soft  spring  temperature, 
which  never  varies  more  than  eight  or  nine  degrees.  At  the  elevation  of  7000 
feet,  commences  another  region,  the  mean  temperature  of  which  is  about  60°. 
Mexico  is  in  this  region,  and  the  thermometer  there  has  been  known  in  a  few 
instances  to  descend  below  the  freezing  point.    It  never  rises  above  75°. 

The  productions  of  this  country  are  as  various  as  its  climate.  In  the  course 
of  a  few  hundred  miles,  you  may  meet  with  almost  all  the  fruits  of  the  temper- 
ate and  torrid  zones.  The  soil  of  the  table  land  is  remarkably  productive. 
Maize  is  far  the  most  important  object  of  agriculture,  and  in  some  places,  from 
two  to  three  harvests  may  be  taken  annually.  Wheat,  rye,  and  barley  arc 
extensively  cultivated. 


GUATIMALA. 


IGl 


)  feet  above  tho 
and  from  em- 
Mexico  may  bo 
le  of  producing 
n  life.  Its  me- 
its  bowelsf  are 

earth,  to  form 
lits,  all  that  the 


The  shores  of  the  bays  of  Honduras  and  Cumpeuchy  have  been  long  cele- 
brated for  their  immense  forests  of  lo<;\vuod  and  mahogany.  A  great  com- 
merce is  carried  on  in  these  articles ;  likewise  in  cocoa  and  cochineal,  which 
are  also  products  of  this  country.  Here  likewise  grow  those  trees  which  pro- 
duce the  balsams  copaiva  and  tolu.  But  what  most  distinguishes  this  country 
are  its  immensely  valuable  mines  of  gold,  silver,  and  precious  stones. 

Its  silver  mines  are  the  richest  in  the  world,  and  nave  for  a  long  time  pro- 
duced annually  ten  times  as  much  silver  as  all  the  mines  in  Europe.  Some 
of  these  mines  are  regarded  as  curiosities ;  and  one  of  them  is  excavated  eight 
miles  in  length,  and  1640  feet  in  depth. 

In  1621,  the  Spaniards  under  Cortez  subdued  Mexico,  which  was,  at  that 
time,  under  the  government  of  the  emperor  Montezuma ;  and  in  1821,  the 
Mexicans  declared  themselves  independent  of  Spain. 


jJs. " 


GUATIMALA,  or  CENTRAL  AMERICA. 

GuATiMALA  consists  of  a  long  isthmus,  forming  the  southernmost  part  of 
North  America,  and  lying  between  the  Caribbean  sea  and  tho  Pacific  ocean. 
It  was  formerly  subject  to  Spain,  but  was  declared  independent  in  1821 ;  and 
it  has  since  been  named,  from  its  situation,  the  Republic  of  Central  America. 

Volcanoes  are  extremely  numerous,  and  some  of  them  terrific ;  no  less  than ' 
20  are  in  constant  activity.     The  general  appearance  of  the  soil  is  extremely 
fertile,  and  Guatimala  produces  abundantly  corn,  cochineal,  grapes,  honey, 
wax,  cotton,  fine  wool,  and  dye-woods.     The  poi)ulation  has  been  estimated 
at  2,000,000. 

Length  from  north-west  to  south-east,  1000  miles.  The  settled  parts  are 
chiefly  along  the  Pacific  ocean,  and  average  about  100  miles  in  width.  The 
whole  of  Central  America  is  subdivided  into  the  provinces  of  Chiapa,  Vera 
Paz,  Guatimala,  Honduras,  Nicaragua,  and  Costa  Rica.  The  country  is  exces- 
sively mountainous,  and  volcanoes  are  numerous. 

St.  Juan  is  the  principal  river.  The  chief  towns  arc  Guatimala,  tho  capital ; 
Nicaragua,  and  Leon.    The  minerals  are  gold  and  silver. 


st  frequented  are 
iCO  and  San  Bias 
nost  of  the  com- 

asons,  called  the 
ir  July,  and  con- 
dry  season  com- 
3  upon  the  coast, 
Cordillera  at  the 
ing  temperature, 
!levationof7000 
ich  is  about  60°. 
known  in  a  few 
ibove  75°. 
3.  In  the  course 
ts  of  the  temper- 
tably  productive. 
3me  places,  from 
,  and  barley  are 


BRITISH  AMERICA. 

British  America  is  a  vast  extent  of  country,  comprehending  all  the  north- 
ern part  of  the  continent,  except  the  Russian  possessions  in  the  north-west, 
and  Greenland  on  the  north-east. 

It  comprises  Lower  Canada,  Upper  Canada,  Nova  Scotia,  and  New  Bruns- 
wick ;  the  islands  of  Newfoundland,  St.  John's,  and  Cape  Breton ;  and  the 
vast  region  of  New  Britain,  or  Hudsonia. 

The  government  of  the  whole  country  is  under  a  governor-general,  whose 
residence  is  at  Quebec ;  and  each  of  the  provinces  has  a  lieutenant-governor. 

The  established  religion  is  that  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  there  are 
two  bishops,  one  residing  at  Quebec,  and  the  other  at  Halifax ;  but  most  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Lower  Canada  are  Catholics. 


LOWER  CANADA.^       ' 

Lower  Canada  extends  from  lat.  45°  to  62°  N.,  and  from  long.  14°  E.  to 
3°  30'  W;  from  Washington ;  bounded  S.  by  the  United  States,  W.  by  Upper 

•  '  V  ' 


It 


1 


m\ 


163  LOWKR  CANADA. 

Canada,  N.  by  the  territories  of  the  Hudson  Hay  (Company,  and  K.  by  the  Gulf 
of  St.  Lawrence ;  reachinj^  uhout  TjOO  miles  from  S.  to  N.,  and  500  from  E. 
to  W.,  with  an  area  of  120,000  square  miles.  It  is  divided  into  four  large  dis- 
tricts, Montreal,  'J'hrtio  Rivers,  (iuebtM-,  and  Gaspo. 

Lower  Canada  lies  on  both  sides  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  is  separated  from 
Upper  Canada  by  the  Ulatvas. 

The  great  river  St.  Lawrence  forms  the  most  striking  feature  of  the  country. 
The  other  principal  rivers  are  the  Sagu(!nai,  St.  Maurice,  Chaudiere,  St.  Fran- 
cis, Richelieu  or  Sorel,  and  Utawas.     The  cities  arc  Quebec  and  Montreal. 

The  country  is  intersected  by  ridges  of  mountains,  with  fertile  valleys  inter- 
vening ;  but  the  greater  part  is  still  covered  with  forests.  The  most  populous 
part  of  Lower  Canada  consists  of  a  fertile  valley,  mostly  level,  through  tlio 
middle  of  which  the  St.  Lawrence  flows.  The  climate  is  subject  to  great  ex- 
tremes of  heat  and  cold.  The  winters  are  long  and  severe :  the  thermometer 
sometimes  rises,  in  summer,  to  100  degrees,  and  sinks,  in  winter,  to  40  Ix'low  0. 

In  a  state  of  nature.  Lower  Canada  was  covered  with  an  immense  forest  of 
very  lofty  timber,  much  of  which  yet  remains.  The  settlements  extend  along 
or  near  the  streams,  in  general  where  the  soil  is  most  fertile,  and  means  of 
navigation  most  attainable.  In  the  angle  N.  from  lat.  45°  N.  to  the  St.  Law- 
rence river,  the  soil  is  generally  very  productive,  and  settloinents  advancing 
rapidly.  Eastward  of  this  triangle,  to  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  the  country 
is  hilly,  broken,  barren,  and  but  very  thinly  settled.  From  the  Mingan  settle- 
ment, on  the  north  sido  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  to  a  short  distance  above 
Qyebec,  the  left  shore  of  that  great  stream  is  rocky  and  precipitous.  This 
range  of  h'.lis  leaves  the  river  below  the  mouth  of  St.  Maurice,  and  extends 
towards  the  Utawas,  which  it  intersects  about  120  miles  above  its  junction  with 
the  St.  Lawrence.  A  very  productive  body  of  land  is  inclosed  between  this 
ridge  and  the  respective  rivers.  Beyond  this  latter  tract,  and  the  margin  of 
the  streams,  the  country  to  the  northward  is  but  very  imperfectly  known. 

The  population  of  Lower  Canada  in  1830  was  as"  follows : 

District  of  Montreal 287,119 

«         Quebec 151,167 

««        Three  Rivers 56,279        * 

"        Gaspo 1,003 

Total 495,568 

Lower  Canada  is  favorably  situated  for  commerce.  Some  of  the  principal 
exports  are  fur,  timber,  and  potashes. 

This  country  was  originally  settled  by  the  French,  and  as  many  as  four- 
fifths  of  the  present  inhabitants  are  descendants  of  that  nation.  They  live  in 
great  simplicity,  resembling  a  European  peasantry ;  are  polite  and  peaceable, 
but  possessed  of  little  enterprise,  and  their  education  is  too  generally  neglected. 

Their  houses  are  built  of  stone  and  plastered ;  are  made  extremely  warm  by 
means  of  stoves;  but  are  seldom  of  more  than  one  story,  except  in  the  towns. 

The  government  is  in  the  hands  of  a  governor,  lieutenant-governor,  execu- 
tive council,  who  are  appointed  by  the  king,  and  a  house  of  assembly,  who  are 
representatives  of  the  people.  The  prevailing  religion  is  Roman  Catholic ;  of 
this  persuasion  there  is  a  bishop  of  Quebec,  a  coadjutor,  with  the  title  of  bishop 
of  Salde,  nine  vicars  general,  and  about  200  curates  and  missionaries,  spread 
over  the  different  districts  of  the  province.  The  revenues  of  the  Catholic  clergy 
are  derived  in  part  from  grants  made  of  land  to  them  under  the  ancient  regime. 
The  spiritual  concerns  of  the  Protestants  arc  under  the  guidance  of  the  Lord 
Bishop  of  Quebec,  nine  rectors,  and  a  competent  number  of  other  clergymen, 
who  are  supported  in  part  by  annual  stipends  from  the  government,  and  the 
appropriations  of  one-seventh  of  all  granted  lands. 


i 


ni'l'EU  CANADA. 


'  thn  country. 
:^ro,  St.  Fran- 
Montreal, 
valleys  inter- 
lost  populous 

through  the 
t  to  preat  ex- 

theFmometer 
o  40  below  0. 
?nse  forest  ui' 

extend  alonf; 
nd  means  of 

the  St.  Law- 
its  advancing 
;,  the  country 
lingan  scttlc- 
istance  above 
pitous.  This 
,  and  extends 
junction  with 

between  this 
le  margin  of 

known. 


# 


FALLS  or  MONT.MOnE.VCI. 


The  Montmorenci  falls  into  the  St.  Lawirnce  seven  miles  below  Quebe<% 
.The  river,  just  above  its  junction  with  the  St.  Lawrence,  after  passing  through 
n  wM  and  thickly  wooded  country,  over  a  bed  of  barren  rocks,  with  precipi- 
tous brinks  of  lime-stone,  from  200  to  300  feet  in  height,  rushes  down  a  preci- 
pice of  240  feet.  The  cataract  is  almost  per[)endicular ;  the  deviation  being 
just  sufficient  to  break  the  water  completely  into  foam  and  spray.  The  width 
of  the  river,  at  tb  ■  top  of  the  falls,  is  about  GO  leet,  but  the  stream  dilates  in 
desccndinfi. 

In  its  fall  the  water  has  the  exact  appearance  of  snow,  when  thrown  in  heaps 
from  the  roof  of  a  house.  The  effect  on  the  beholder  is  most  delightful.  The 
river  at  some  distance  seems  suspended  in  the  air,  in  a  sheet  of  billowy  foam ; 
and  contrasted  with  the  black  frowning  abyss,  into  which  it  'falls,  is  an  object 
of  the  highest  interest.  On  a  near  approach,  the  impressions  of  grandeur  and 
sublimity  are  fmely  blended  with  those  of  extraordinary  beauty. 

The  spray  here,  as  at  other  similar  cataracts,  serves  as  a  medium  for  forming 
the  most  beautiful  rainbows.  In  the  winter  the  spray  freezes,  and  forms  a 
regular  cone,  of  sometimes  100  feet  in  height,  standing  immediately  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  cataract. 


the  principal 

lany  as  four- 
They  live  in 
d  peaceable, 

y  neglected. 

ly  warm  by 
n  the  towns. 
)rnor,  execu- 
bly,  who  are 
Catholic;  of 
tie  of  bishop 
aries,  spread 
tholic  clergy 
3ient  regime. 

of  the  Lord 
•  clergymen, 
lent,  and  the 


4  ' 

t  '  * 

UPPER  CANADA. 

Upper  Canada  is  bounded  N.  by  the  territory  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany ;  N.  E.  and  E.  by  Lower  Canada ;  S.  E.  and  S.  by  the  United  States  j 
on  the  W.  and  N.  W.  no  limits  have  been  assigned  to  it. 

In  1830  it  contained  the  following  districts  and  population  : — 

Gore 23,552 

Home 32,871 

Western 9,970 

^'  ■'       '  Niagara 21,974 

London 26,180 

.     '*'"•''    '        Newcastle 16,498 

'    ■'  •'  V       Midland. 36,322  "    ; 

■■■-r''  ■'         Ottawa 4,456  :*" 

Bathurst 20,113 

Eastern 11,168 

Johnstown 21,961 

Total .234,865 

These  districts  are  subdivided  into  counties,  and  the  counties  into  townships. 
These  townships  are  laid  out  principally  along  the  banks  of  the  St.  Law- 


''li 


164 


UPPKR  CANADA. 


*«•' 


M 


M:''v    1-. 

11  tl.'ii-  '  ■'»    >!i 


renoe,  Lake  Ontario,  Lake  Erie,  and  Lake  St.  (^lair,  nnd  extend  back  lb?  a 
distance,  varying  f'ronj  40  to  50  miles.  Tlie  soil  throughout  •«'  y  -  .-iy  (.'xcolled 
by  ony  portion  of  North  America.  In  the  rear  of  the  t'.w/u.i.ips  are  largo 
tracts  of  land  stretching  far  to  the  north,  covered  with  inic  ■'  '  I  '.his,  anu 
little  known  exa^pt  to  the  Indiana  ;  but  it  Ims  iM'en  uscertauuv;  tuat  ih(!r(!  nn> 
nmny  large  tracts  of  rich  soil.  'I'he  climuto  is  salubrious.  The  winter'  are 
shorter  and  milder  than  in  Lower  Canada.  The  spring  opens  usually  from  six 
weeks  to  two  months  earlier  than  at  Quebec.  The  population  of  Upp(M'  Canada 
has  increased  with  great  rapidity.  In  1783,  it  did  not  exceed  10,000  souU. 
In  1814,  it  was  95,000;  and  in  1830,  234,865. 

For  the  defence  of  tlio  Canadas,  a  regular  military  establishment  is  main- 
tained  by  the  British  government,  amounting  in  common  to  between  20,000  and 
30,000  men.  This  force  is  stationed  at  various  points  along  the  great  lino  of 
the  St.  Lawrence. 

There  are  ''wo  large  canals  in  Upper  Canada  ;  Welland  Canal,  connecting 
lakes  Erie  and  Ontario,  41  miles  long;  and  Rideau  Canal,  connecting  laku 
Ontario  with  the  river  Utawas,  160.  milds  long. 

The  Welland  Canal  commences  near  the  mouth  of  Grand  river  on  Lake  Erie, 
40  miles  north-west  of  Buffalo.  It  connects  Lake  Erie  and  Lake  Ontario  by 
canal  navigation,  overcoming  all  the  descent  of  Niagara  Falls  and  Niagara 
river  between  the  two  lakes.  It  admits  vessels  of  125  tons,  being  wider  and 
deeper  than  any  other  canal  in  the  coujitry,  except  the  Delaware  and  Chesa- 
peake. The  elevation  overcome  by  the  locks  is  320  feet.  The  canal  required 
prodigious  excavations,  in  some  places  through  solid  stone.  The  "Ravine 
Locks"  are  said  to  be  the  most  striking  canal  spectacle  to  be  seen  in  America, 
eiimntoof  The 'extremes  of  heat  and  cold  are  astonishing;  Fahrenheit's  ther- 
theCHnadnnmometcr  in  the  months  of  July  and  August,  rising  to  100°,  and  yet 
III  genera  .  j^  ^jnter  the  mercury  genenilly  freezes.  Changes  of  weather,  how- 
ever, are  less  frequent,  and  the  sea,sons  more  regular  than  in  the  United  States. 
Snow  not  unfrequently  begins  to  fall  in  October,  and  increases  in  November ; 
in  December  the  clouds  are  generally  dissolved,  and  the  sky  assumes  a  bright 
liue,  continuing  for  weeks  without  a  single  cloud. 

Here,  however,  winter  is  the  season  for  amusement,  and  the  sledges. drawn 
by  one  or  two  horses,  afford  a  speedy  and  pleasant  conveyance  in  travelling ; 
but  on  going  abroad,  all  parts  of  the  body,  except  the  eyes,  must  be  thickly 
covered  with  furs. 

In  May  the  thaw  comes  on  suddenly,  and  in  its  progress  the  ice  on  the  river 
St.  Lawrence  bursts  with  the  noise  of  cannon,  and  passes  towards  the  ocean 
with  tremendous  rapidity  and  violence.  The  progress  of  vegetation  is  aston- 
ishing.  Spring  has  scarcely  appeared  before  it  is  succeeded  by  summer.  In 
a  few  days  the  trees  regain  their  foliage,  and  the  fields  are  clothed  with  the 
richest  verdure.     September,  generally,  is  one  of  the  most  agrceable  months. 

The  Canadian  horses  are  mostly  small  and  heavy ;  but  very  brisk  on  the 
road,  travelling  at  the  rate  of  8  or  9  miles  an  hour.  The  calash,  a  sort  of  one 
horse  chaise,  capable  of  holding  two  persons  and  a  driver,  is  the  carriage  most 
generally  in  use. 

The  Canadians  have  a  species  of  large  dogs  which  are  used  in  drawing 
burdens.  They  are  yoked  into  little  carts  :  in  this  way  people  frequently  go 
to  market.  Sometimes  they  j:)erform  long  journeys  in  the  winter  season,  on 
the  snow,  by  half  a  dozen  or  more  of  these  animals  yoked  into  a  cariole  or 
sledge. 

The  river  St.  Lawrence  is  the  only  channel,  by  which  the  commodities  of 
these  two  provinces  have  hitherto  found  their  way  to  the  ocean.  The  principal 
exports  consist  of  oak  and  pine  timber,  deals,  masts,  and  bowsprits,  spars  of  all 
denommations,  staves,  pot  and  pearl  ashes,  peltry,  wheat,  flour,  biscuit,  Indian 
corn,  piilse,  salt  provisions,  fish,  and  other  miscellaneous  articles,  which  employ 


VVVFM  CANADA.  lOH 

jTrnprally  nhont  ir»0,0()0  tons  dl"  slii|t|iiii<4.  In  roliirn  Ptr  iIioho  nr<  '  nnnrtcd, 
wiivs,  rum,  Mivjar,  nidlasscH,  culllr,  tobacco,  salt,  cuul);!,  uiul  iimuuliicturt'd 
prtHlucr  from  (treat  Mritaiii. 

'I'lic  ^ovcriimcnf.  <>l*  i  |i|ht  riinnda  is  iMTministcrrd  1)y  n  lifutcnnnt-povrrnor, 
(who  is  aliiiDst  always  a  military  olliccr,)  a' IcKisi.itivM  CDimfil,  an  cxcciitivo 
(•(Mincil,  and  a  hous*-  oi'  assciiiMy.  'J'lic  legislative  council  consists  of  not  less 
tfian  7  members,  of  which  the  chief  justice  of  the  |trovinc(!  is  president,  and 
wherein  the  liishd])  ofCiueliec  has  a  seat;  the  memlx'rs  are  appointed  by  man- 
(lainiis  I'roMi  the  kinjjj,  and  hold  their  seats,  under  certain  restrictions,  Cor  lilb. 
The  executive  council  is  composed  ol'O  members  ;  the  chief  justice  is  president, 
and  the  bishop  of  tiuelwc  likewise  has  a  scat  in  it.  The  housf^  of  assembly  is 
composed  of  i!5  rnembers,  who  aro  returned  iVom  the  iiM  counti(;s ;  the  dura- 
tion of  the  assembly  is  limited  to  4  years.  The  civil  and  criminni  law  is  ad- 
ministered by  a  (diief  justice;  and  two  puisne  jud<,'es.  There  is  n  court  of  king's 
Ijench,  connnon  pleas,  and  a  court  of  appeal.  Thu  expense  of  the  civil  list  is 
defrayed  by  Great  Britain. 


FAM.rt  OF  NIAGARA, 

The  Falls  of  Niagara  arc  esteemed  the  grandest  object  of  the  kind  in  the 
world.  Though  there  are  other  falls  which  have  a  greater  perpendicular 
doscent,  yet  there  is  none  in  the  known  world  where  so  great  a  mass  of  water 
is  precipitated  from  so  great  a  height. 

Tlie  distance  of  the  falls  above  Lake  Ontario  is  14  miles,  and  below  Lake 
Erie  23  miles  on  the  New  York  side,  and  21  on  the  Canada  side.  At  the  disr 
tancc  of  a  mile  and  three-quarters  above  the  falls,  the  river  begins  to  descend 
with  a  rapid  and  powerful  current.  At  the  Tails,  it  turns  with  a  right  angle  to 
the  north-east,  and  is  suddenly  contracted  in  M'idth,  from  three  miles  to  three- 
fourths  of  a  mile.  Below  the  cataract,  the  river  is  only  half  a  mile  wide,  but 
its  depth  is  said  Vo  exceed  300  feet.  The  descent  within  10  miles  is  about  300 
feet,  and  from  Lake  Erie  to  Lake  Ontario  334  feet.  The  agitation  and  rapid 
current  continue  about  8  miles  below  the  cataract,  nearly  to  Queenstown,  and 
the  river  does  not  become  sufficiently  calm  to  admit  of  navigation  till  it  reaches 
that  place.  Below  the  falls,  it  is  inclosed  in  perpendicular  banks  300  feet 
high.  The  best  single  view  of  the  cataract  is  that  from  Table  Rock,  on  the 
Canada  side ;  the  best  view  of  the  rapids  is  irom  Goat  Island,  which  is  con- ' 
nccted  with  the  eastern  shore  by  a  bridge. 

The  precipice  over  which  the  river  descends,  is  formed  by  the  brow  of  a  vast 
bed  of  lime.  The  perpendicular  descent,  according  to  the  measurement  of 
Major  Prescot,  is  l51  feet.  The  descent  is  perpendicular,  except  that  rocks 
are  hollowed  underneath  the  surface,  particularly  on  the  western  side.  The 
cataract  is  divided  into  two  parts  by  Goat,  or  Iris  Island,  which  occupies  one- 
fifth  or  one-sixth  of  the  whole  breadth.  The  principal  channel  is  on  the  west- 
ern side,  and  is  called  the  Horse-shoe  Fall,  from  its  shape.    The  eastern  chan- 


160 


UPPER  CANADA. 


%" 


4    1 


m 


'W''\: 


nel  is  divided  by  another  small  island.  The  descent  on  the  eastern  side  is 
stated  at  162  feet,  being  greater  than  on  the  western,  but  the  water  is  more 
hollow.  The  quantity  ol'  water  discharged  in  an  hour,  is  computed  at  about 
100,000,000  tons.  " 

The  noise  of  the  falls  resembles  the  hoarse  roar  of  the  ocean ;  being  much 
graver,  or  less  shrill  than  that  of  smaller  cataracts.  It  is  not  unfrequentiy 
heard  at  York,  .50  miles  distant.  When  two  persoxis  stand  very  near  each 
other,  they  can  mutually  hear  their  ordinary  conversation ;  when  removed  to 
a  small  distance,  they  are  obliged  to  halloo,  and  when  removed  a  little  farther, 
they  cannot  be  heard  at  all.  Every  sound  is  drowned  in  the  tempest  of  noise 
made  by  the  water ;  and  all  else  in  the  regions  of  nature  appears  to  be  dumb. 
The  noise  is  a  vast  thunder,  filling  the  heavens,  shaking  the  earth,  and  leaving 
the  mind,  although  perfectly  conscious  of  saiety  and  affected  with  a  sense  of 
grandeur  only,  lost  and  astonished,  swelling' with  emotions  which  engross  all 
its  faculties,  and  mock  the  power  of  utterance. 

A  large  majestic  cloud  of  vapor  rises  without  intermission  from  the  whole 
breadth  of  the  river  below ;  and  ascending  with  a  slow  solemn  progress,  partly 
spreads  itself  down  the  stream  by  an  arching  and  wonderfully  magnificent 
motion  ;  and  partly  mounts  to  heaven,  blown  into  every  wild  fantastical  form ; 
when  separated  into  smaller  clouds,  it  successively  floats  away  through  the 
atmosphere.     This  cloud  is  said  to  be  visible  at  the  distance  of  60  or  70  miles. 

"  In  the  mist  produced  by  all  cataracts,"  observes  Dr.  Dwight,  from  whom 
this  account  is  chiefly  extracted,  "  rainbows  are  ordinarily  seen  in  proper  posi- 
tions when  the  sun  shines ;  always,  indeed,  unless  when  the  vapor  is  too  rare. 
Twice,  while  we  werO  here,  the  sun  broke  through  the  clouds,  and  lighted  up  in 
a  moment  the  most  lucid  rainbow  that  I  ever  beheld.  In  each  instance  tlio 
phenomenon  continued  a  long  time,  and  left  us  in  perfect  leisure  to  enjoy  it^i 
splendors.  It  commencea  near  the  precipice,  and  extended,  so  far  as  I  was 
able  to  judge,  at  least  a  mile  down  the  river.  In  one  respect,  both  these  rain- 
bows differed  widely  from  all  others  which  I  had  seen.  The  red,  orange,  and 
yellow  were  so  vivid,  as  to  excite  in  our  whole  company  strong  emotions  ol' 
surprise  and  pleasure,  while  the  green,  blue,  indigo,  and  violet,  were  certainly 
not  more  brilliant  than  those  which  are  usually  seen  on  the  bosom  of  a  shower. 

"  The  emotiv^ns  excited  by  a  view  of  this  stupendous  scene,  are  unutterable. 
When  the  spectator  casts  his  eye  over  the  long  ranges  of  ragged  cliffs,  which 
form  the  shores  of  this  great  river  below  the  cataract ;  cliffs  150  feet  in  height, 
bordering  it  with  lonely  gloom  and  grandeur,  and  shrouded  everywhere  by 
shaggy  forests ;  when  he  surveys  the  precipice  above,  stretching  with  so  great 
an  amplitude,  rising  to  a  great  height,  and  presenting  at  a  single  view  its  awful 
brow,  with  an  impression  not  a  little  enhanced  by  the  division  which  the  island 
form,s  between  the  two  great  branches  of  the  river ;  when  he  contemplates  the 
enormous  mass  of  water  pouring  from  this  astonishing  height  in  sheets  so  vast, 
and  with  a  force  so  amazing ;  when,  turning  his  eye  to  the  mighty  mass,  and 
listening  to  the  majestic  sound  which  fills  the  heavens,  his  mind  is  overwhelmed 
by  thoughts  too  great,  and  by  impressions  too  powerful,  to  permit  the  current 
of  the  intellect  to  flow  with  serenity.  The  disturbance  of  his  mind  resembles 
that  of  the  waters  beneath  him.  His  bosorA  swells  \vith  emotions  never  before 
felt ;  his  thoughts  labor  in  a  manner  never  before  ki^own.  The  pleasure  is 
exquisite,  but  violent.  The  conceptions  are  clear  and  sirbng,  but  rapid  and 
tumultuous.  The  struggle  within  is  discovered  by  the  fixedness  of  his  position, 
the  solemnity  of  his  aspect,  and  the  intense  gaze  of  his  eye.  When  he  moves, 
his  motion  appear  uncontrived.  When  he  is  spoken  to,  he  is  silent ;  or  if  h*-' 
speaks,  his  answers  are  short,  wandering  from  the  subject,  and  indicating  that 
absence  of  mind  which  is  the  result  of  laboring  contemplation." 


I 


"j; 


1 

Si 

c 

h 

pi 
gl 

SI 
St( 

ar 

Sc 
tit] 


fro 

I 

an( 
tba 


30' 


uiilr  '.X ;  ■'" 


con- 
gen- 
Can 
1 
of  a 
only 
ceas 
quic 
no! 
the 


leing  much 
nfrequenUy 

near  each 

removed  lo 

ittle  farther, 

)est  of  noise 

to  be  dumb. 

and  leaving 
h  a  sense  of 
1  engross  all 

)m  the  whole 
jgress,  partly 
I  magnificent 
tastical  form ; 
r  through  tho 
Q  or  70  miles, 
t,  from  whom 
in  proper  posi- 
lor  is  too  rare. 
A  lighted  up  in 
h  instance  tlv' 
ire  to  enjoy  its 
0  far  as  1  was 
oth  these  rain- 
id,  orange,  and 
ig  emotions  of 
were  certainly 
m  of  a  shower, 
.re  unutterable. 
:d  cliffs,  which 
feet  in  heiglit, 
everywhere  by 
\a  with  so  great 
Tview  its  awful 
/hich  the  island 
ontemplates  the 
\  sheets  so  vast, 
ghty  mass,  and 
lis  overwhelmed 
nit  the  current 
mind  resembles 
pns  never  before 
'he  pleasure  is 
,,  but  rapid  and 
s  of  his  position, 
Ivhen  he  moves, 
silent;  or  if  be 
indicating  that 


NEW  BRITAIN,  NOVA  SCOTIA,  AND  NEW  BRUNSWICK.       167 

'  .  NEW  BRUNSWICK. 

BotiivDET)  N..  by  Lower  Canada;  E.  by  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence:  S.  by 
the  Bay  of  Tundy  and  Nova  Scotia  ;  and  W.  by  the  United  States. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  St.  Johns,  Miramichi  and  Ristigouchc.  The 
lands  on  the  rivers,  especially  on  the  St.  John,  are  very  fertile,  and  the  set- 
tlements lie  principally  on  this  river  and  on  the  Miramichi.  Coal  of  a 
superior  quality  is  found  on  the  Grand  Lake  near  St.  John's  river.  The  tract 
of  country  so  prolific  in  gypsum,  comnicnces  in  this  province  at  Martin's 
head  on  the  bay  of  l^'undy,  and  extends  east  into  Nova  Scotia.  The  chief 
{irticles  of  export  are  lumber,  codfish,  salmon,  and  herring.  The  principal 
ports  are  St.  John,  St.  Andrew,  Miramichi,  and  the  West  Isles.  The  province 
is  divided  into  8  count' <".  Fredericton  is  the  capital.  St.  John  is  the  largest 
town.     Population  80,0vJl>. 

New  Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia,  in  most  particulars,  are  very  similar. 
The  face  of  the  country  is  nehhor  mountainous,  nor  quite  level.  There  are 
several  rivers,  among  which  those"  of  Annapolis  and  St.  Johns  are  the  most 
considerable.  The  soil  is,  in  general,  thin  and  barren,  particulariy  on  the  coasts. 
In  some  parts  there  are  ery  extensive  tracts  of  marsh,  which  are  rich  and 
productive.  Both  the  soil  and  the  cli^.nate  are  vrnfavorable  to  the  cultivation  of 
grain,  and  the  inhabitants  do  not  raise  pro\ '  .lon  sufficient  for  their  own  con- 
sumption. The  fisheries,  however,  compensate  in  some  measure  for  the 
sterihty  of  the  soil.  The  coast  abounds  with  cod,  salmon,  mackerel,  haddock, 
and  herring.  Their  chief  exports  are  fish  and  lumber.  Coal  is  found  in  Nova 
Scotia ;  and  plaster-of-Paris,  particularly  at  Windsor,  from  whence  large  quan- 
tities are  imported  into  the  United  States. 


NOVA  SCOTIA. 

NovA  Scotia  is  a  large  peninsula,  nbout  300  miles  long,  and  is  separated 
from  New  Brunswick,  in  part,  by  the  B.     of  Fundy. 

The  Bay  of  Fundy  is  remarkable  for  its  tides,  which  rise  to  the  height  of  30, 
and  sometimes,  in  the  narrowest  part,  even  to  60  feet.  The  rise  is  so  rapid 
that  cattle  feeding  on  the  shore  are  often  overtaken  and  drowned. 

The  chief  towns  are  Halifax  and  Annapolis.     Population  130,000. 

It  extends  from  Cape  Sable,  its  most  souther;,  point,  in  lat.  43°  23'  to  49° 
30'  N.,  and  from  60°  15'  to  67°  W.  long. 


NEW  BRITAIN. 

The  country  lying  round  Hudson's  bay,  or  the  country  of  the  Esquimaux, 
comprehending  Labrador,  New  North  and  South  Wales,  has  obtained  the 
general  name  of  New  Britain,  and  is  attached  lo  the  government  of  Lower 
Canada. 

That  part  called  Labrador  is  full  of  frightful  mountains,  many  of  which  are 
of  a  stupendous  height.  The  valleys  present  numerous  lakes,  and  produce 
only  a  few  stunted  tn^es.  In  tho  parallel  of  60°  north  latitude,  all  vegetation 
ceases.  Such  is  the  intenseness  of  the  cold  in  the  •,  inter,  that  brandy  and  even 
quicksilver  freezes  into  a  solid  mass;  rocks  often  burst  with  a  tremendous 
no!  ,  '^qual  to  that  of  the  heaviest  artillery.  At  Nain,  Ohkak,  and  Hopedale, 
the  Moravian  missionaries  have  settlements. 


f  4 

i   'it 


,  'il 

vn 


168 


GREENLAND. 


In  New  North  and  South  Wales  the  lace  of  the  country  has  not  quite  the 
same  aspect  of  unconquerable  sterility  as  that  of  Labrador,  and  the  climate, 
although  in  the  §ame  parallel  of  latitude,  is  a  little  less  ritforous.   But  it  is  only 


■«-» 


INDIAN  VILLAGE. 


GREENLAND 

WHICH   BELONGS   TO  DENMARK. 


the  coasts  of  these  immense  regions  that  arc  known,  the  interior  having  never 
yet  been  explored.  The  natives  are  called  Esquimaux.  Some  lactones  and 
forts  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  on  the  liir  trade  Avith  the  Indians,  are  estab- 
lished by  the  Hudson's  Bay  and  N''>rth-wcst  companies. 

The  trade  of  the  former  is  confined  to  thr?-  neighborhood  of  Hudson's  bay; 
that  of  the  latter  extends  from  lake  Winnipeg  to  the  Pocky  mountains  and  the 
Frozen  Ocean.  The  North-west  company  is  composed  of  Montreal  merchants. 
The  usual  mode  of  travelling  in  this  country  is  in  birch  bark  canoes.  With 
these  the  inhabitants  pass  up  and  down  the  rivers  and  lakes",  and  when  they 
meet  with  a  rapid,  or  wish  to  pass  from  one  river  to  another,  they  get  out  of 
the  canoe  and  carry  it  on  their  shoulders.  In  this  way,  the  men  engaged  in 
the  fur  trade  travel  thousands  of  miles,  and  carry  all  their  goods. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Mackenzie,  Nelson,  Saskashawan,  Severn,  and 
Albany. 

The  largest  lakes  are  Winnepeg,  Athapeskow,  Slave  Lake,  and  Great  Bear 
Ltike. 


% 


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stead  I 

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fields 

— and! 
chief 
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The! 


r 


♦ 


WIIALK  FISHERY. 


Greenland,  a  country,  bounded  E.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  separated  from 
Labrador  on  the  south-west  by  Davis'  straits.  Il  is  not  ascertained  whether  it 
is  a  peninsula  or  an  island,  although  the  recent  discoveries  in  the  Polar  regions 


GREENLAND. 


169 


quite  the 

climale, 

it  is  only 


I*    • 


laving  never 
aclories  and 
IS,  are  cstab- 

jdson's  bay; 
tains  and  the 
al  merchants, 
mocs.  With 
id  when  tliev 
,ey  get  out  of 
n  engaged  in 

i,  Severn,  and 

id  Great  Bear 


render  it  highly  probable  that  it  is  wholly  detached  from  the  continent.  It  ex- 
tends as  far  south  as  Cape  Farewell,  in  lat.  59°  30'  N.  Its  northern  limits  are 
unknown.  The  eastern  coast  is  commonly  called  East  Greenland,  and  the 
western.  West  Greenland,  but  the  whale  fishers  call  the  whole  West  Green- 
land, and  apply  the  name  East  Greenland  io  Spitzbergen  and  the  adjacent 
islands.  Nothing  is  known  of  this  extensive  country,  but  its  coast.  The  in- 
terior is  wholly  inaccessible,  on  account  of  the  everlasting  ice  with  which  its 
mountains  are  covered.  The  eastern  coast  also  has,  for  centuries,  been  cut  off 
from  European  intercourse,  by  the  vast  bodies  of  ice  with  which  its  shores  are 
lined.  The  severity  of  the  climate  forbids  the  growth  of  every  thing  but  a  few 
stinted  trees  and  shrubs.  The  whole  population  does  not  exceed  20,000 ;  and 
they  are  confined  to  the  coast,  deriving  a  miserable  subsistence  from  seals, 
birds,  and  fishes ;  and  are  sometimes  under  the  necessity  of  living  on  sea-weed 
and  train  oil.  The  natives  were  formerly  Pagans,  and  addicted  to  some  cruel 
customs,  but  through  the  instrumentality  of  the  Moravian  missionaries,  they 
have,  to  a  considerable  extent,  been  converted  to  Christianity. 

Icy  Peak,  an  enormous  mass  of  ice,  rises  near  the  mouth  of  a  soii  and 
river,  and  diffuses  such  a  brilliancy  through  the  air,  that  it  is  seen  at  county- 
the  distance  of  more  than  30  miles.  The  country  along  the  sea  shore  presents 
rugged  masses  of  rock  interspersed  with  huge  blocks  of  ice,  indicating  the 
conflict  of  chaos  and  winter.  The  interior  is  covered  with  a  chain  of  innu- 
merable mountains,  most  of  which  are  unexplored.  Coal  and  various  minerals 
and  useful  and  beautiful  fossils  have  been  discovered  here. 

Smoke  is  frequently  observed  arising  from  the  crevices  of  marine  ice.  The 
rare  occurrence  of  rain,  the  small  quantity  of  snow,  and  the  intense  degree  of  cold 
produced  by  the  north-east  wind,  lead  us  to  suppose  that  the  north-east  parts 
of  Greenland  constitute  a  great  Archipelago,  encumbered  with  perpetual  ice 
which  for  many  centuries  has  been  piled  together  by  the  winds  and  currents. 

Hares,  reindeer,  white  bears,  foxes,  and  large  dogs,  that  howl  in- 
stead of  barking,  and  are  employed  by  the  Greenlanders  in  drawing 
their  sledges,  comprise  the  animals  of  this  country.     Immense  flocks  of  sea 
fowl  frequent  the  rivers  and  shores.   The  rivers  abound  in  salmon  and  the  seas 
in  turbots  and  herrings.     It  is  a  curious  fact,  that  those  animals,  whose  blood 
is  of  the  temperature  of  the  sea,  are  found  in  greatest  numbers  under  these  icy 
fields  and  mountains.     The  inhabitants  of  North  Greenland  pursue  the  whale 
— and  those  of  South  Greenland  the  seal.     The  flesh  of  the  animals  is  their 
I  chief  food.    The  skins  of  the  seals  serve  them  for  clothing,  and  as  the  mate- 
i  rial  for  their  boats.     Their  tendons  are  used  for  thread,  their  bladders  as 
i  bottles,  their  lat  sometimes  as  butter,  and  at  other  times  as  tallow,  and  their 
blood  is  considered  by  the  Greenlander  the  richest  broth. 
The  exports  are  in  value  from  50  to  100,000  rix-doUars. 


5 :  ■ !! 


W 


I  separated  from 
lined  whether  It 

\e  Polar  regions 


170 


RAIL-ROAD,  ENGINE,  AND  CARRIAGES. 


.V  Ut\rt 


■%' 


■% 


I 


III  iH'Si''^! 


t.  f% 


iW 


It    , 
■    1 

>.  '1 4 


■I  1    ! 


V'      % 


hi 

r  u 


I 


« 


A^ 
land  ( 
is  sit 

Creel 

>5       the  Si 

Creeii 
adelpl 
Lat.  < 
tlierar 
AB 
dletoii 
SE.,  a: 
31  m. 
ficies  ( 
J,       agreea 
considi 
watere 
ABf 
S.C.; 
contair 
a  magf! 
ABI 
York, 
ABI 
Hartfoi 
bury  C 
lisiied 
was  bi 
been  rt 
ABI 
Va.;  3: 
Lat.  36 
>       contain 
an  acac 
is  a  rer 
ABI 
Boston, 
Pop.  2,^ 
three  C 
ABI] 
254  in. 
ABI] 
Philade 
ABS, 
ACA 
the  coa; 
of  the  f 
taming 
The  pri 
with  Mi 
which  i 
large  ve 
Acapulc 
«  very  bi 
of  cocoa 


GEOGRAPHICAL  DICTIONARY 

OP 

NORTH  AMERICA  AND  THE  WEST  INDIES. 


AAR— ADA 


-#• 


AARONSBURG,  village  of  Northumber- 
land  CO.  Pa.  containing  about  50  dwellings.  It 
is  situated  a  little  more  than  a  m.  E.  of  Elk 
Creek,  which  unites  witii  Penn's,  and  falls  into 
the  Susquehannah,  5  m.  below  Sunbury. 

AARONSBURG,  t.  Centre  co.  Pa.  near  Elk 
Creek;  40  WNW.  Sunbury,  160  WNW.  Phil- 
adelphia, from  W.  204  m.  Long.  77°  33'  W. 
Lat.  40°  53'  N.  It  contains  a  German  Lu- 
theran and  a  Calvinist  church. 

ABBEVILLE,  district  of  S.  C.  having  Pen- 
dieton  district  NW.,  Laurens  NE.,  Edgefield 
SE.,  and  the  Savannah  rivjr  SW.  It  is  about 
31  m.  in  length  and  breadth,  having  a  super- 
ficies of  about  1000  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is 
agreeably  variegated  with  liiil  an.l  dale,  and  a 
considerable  part  of  the  soil  is  ncli  and  wcli 
watered.     Pop.  28,134. 

ABBEVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Abbevilio  district, 
S.C, ;  120  W.  Columbia,  from  W.  fi24  ni.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  tn  arsenal,  and 
a  magazine. 

ABBOTSTOWN,  t  York  co.  Pa.;  i8  S. 
York,  from  W.  86  m. 

ABINGDON,  t.  Hartford  co.Md.;  1  WSW. 


oil,  and  Spanish  wool.  The  yalue  of  the  pre- 
cious  metals,  exported  in  a  single  vessel,  in- 
eluding  what  is  not  registered,  amounted  in 
general  to  about  i;200,000. 

ACADIA,  district.  La.  between  lake  Maure* 
pas  and  the  Mississippi.     Pop.  3,055. 

ACCOMAC,  CO.  Va. ;  bounded  N.  by  Mary- 
land,  E.  by  the  A  tlantic,  S.  by  Northampton  co. 
and  W.  by  Chesapeake  bay.  Pop.  19,656; 
Slaves,  4,654.    Chief  town,  Drummondtowu. 

ACCUSHNET,  r.  Mass,  which  flows  into 
New  Bedford  harbor. 

ACHORSTOWN,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio; 
from  W.  297  m. 

ACQUASCO,  V.  Prince  George's  co.  Md.; 
from  W.  38  m. 

ACTON,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt ;  33  SSW. 
Windsor.     Pop.  245. 

ACTON,  t.  Middlesex  co.Mass.;  24  NW. 
i  Boston,  from  W;  458  m.    Pop.  885. 
I     ACWORTH,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H. ;  6  ESE, 
I  Charleston,  72  WNW.  Portsmouth,  from  W. 
466  m.    Pop.  1,523. 

ADAIR,  CO.  Ky.  having  Barren  co.  W. 
Greene  VW.  Casey  NE.  Wayne  and  Pulaski, 


Hartford,  26  NE.  Baltimore.  Pop.  300.  Cokes-  or  Cumberland  r.  and  Wolfe r  SE.  and  Cum- 
bury  College,  a  Methodist  seminary,  was  estab- 1  l)er]aud  co.  S.  Adair  co.  has  a  mean  length 
lished  in  this  town  in  1765,  but  the  building  i  and  breadth  of  r.bout  28  m.  area  800  sq.  ms. 
was  burnt  several  years  since,  and  has  t.otjtlie  face  of  the  country  broken  and  the  soil 


been  rebuilt. 

ABINGDON,  t  and  cap.  Washington  co. 
Va.;  320  W:-V/.  Richmond,  from  W.  404  m. 
Lat.  36°  37  N.  It  is  a  considerable  town,  and 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  market-house, 
an  academy,  and  a  Presbyterian  church.  Here 
is  a  remarkable  cave. 

ABINGTON,  t  Plymouth  co.  Mass.;  IB  S. 
Boston,  20  NW.  Plymouth,  xV  ■  W.  452  m. 
Pop.  2,423.  It  is  a  pleasant  tc  iv/?.  nd  contains 
tliree  Congregational  meetirif-Iiopses. 

ABINGTON,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Ph. ;  from  W. 
254  m. 

ABINGTON,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa  ,  11  N. 
Philadelphia.    Pep.  1,236. 
ABSECOMBE,  v.  Gloucester  co.  N.J. 
ACAPULCO,  or  IjOS  Rages,  t.  Mexico,  on 
the  coast  of  t\e  Pacific  ocean.    Its  port  is  one 
of  the  finest  in  the  world,  and  capable  of  con- 
taining any  number  of  vessels  in  perfect  sal  'y 
The  principal  trade  of  Acapulco  was  fbimerly 
with  Manilla,  one  of  the  Philippine  islanr  ,  t>-> 
which  it  for  a  long  period  sent  out  annually  a 
large  vessel,  called  a  galleon.   The  lading  from 
Acapulco  to  Manilla  generally  consisted  ofsilver, 
«  very  small  quantity  of  cochineal  fromOaxaca, 
of  cocoa  from  Guayaquil  and  Caraccas,  wine, 


divLi-sified.     Chief  town,  Columbia. 

ADAMS,  t.  Coos  CO.  N.  II. ;  E.  of  the  White 
uiountains :  90  N.  Portsmouth.    Pop.  244. 

ADAMS,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.;  29  N, 
Lenox,  120  WNW.  Boston,  from  W.  402  m. 
Pop.  ],7'i3.  It  is  a  valuable  township,  and  ha» 
2  post  villages  5  or  6  miles  apart,  each  con- 
taining a  mccting-house ;  the  north  village  con- 
tains also  2  cotton  manufactories ;  and  there 
are  likewise  2  cotton  manufactories  near  the  S. 
village.  There  is  bes:Jes  a  Quaker  meeting, 
house  in  the  town.  This  plnce  is  remarkable 
for  a  deep  excavation,  40  rods  in  length,  and, 
in  some  places,  60  feet  deep,  formed  by  Hud- 
son's brook,  in  a  quarry  of  white  marble.  A 
natural  bridge  14  feet  long,  10  feet  broad,  and 
62  feet  high  is  formed  over  this  channel  by  the 
projection  of  rocks. 

ADAMS,  CO.  Pa.  having  Fre-ierick  co.  Md. 
S.  Franklin  co.  Pa.  W.  Cumberland  NW.  and 
NE.  and  E.  It  is  about  20  ms.  in  length,  "nd 
18  wide ;  area  360  sq.  ms.  Chief  town,  C  ut. 
tysburg.  The  surface  of  this  county  is  ex 
tremely  diversified  with  hill  and  dale.  The 
soil  ia  also  of  the  different  qualities  from  tha 
worst  to  the  best.  The  whole  co.  is  well  wo- 
tered.    Pop.  1820. 19,681 ;  in  1830,  21,379. 


tf: 


^i,vhi 


nm 


172 


ADA— ALB 


m  '■'''■■ 


1   r'^ 


|:;-:1 


ADAMS,  t.  Darke  co.  Ohia     Pop.  343. 

ADAMS,  CO.  in  the  western  part  of  Illinois. 
Chief  town,  Quincy.    Pop.  2,186. 

ADAMS,  V.  Dauphin  co.  Pa. 

ADAMS,  t  Hyde  co.  N.  C  NE.  150  m. 
from  Rairigh. 

ADAMS,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio,  E.  of  Mus- 
kinguin  river.    Poii.  1810,  (320 ;  in  ]  820,  324. 

ADAMS,  t.  of  Wasliington  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
in  1820,  174. 

ADAMS,  CO.  Ohio,  having  Brown  W.  High- 
land and  Pike  N.  Sciota  E.  and  the  Oiiio  river 
S.  This  CO.  is  about  20  ms.  sq.,  area  about 
400  sq.  nis.  the  surface  much  broken,  the  soil 
in  general  fertile  and  well  watered.  Chief 
town,  West  Union.  Pop.  in  1820, 10,432 ;  in 
1830, 12,278. 

ADAMS,  CO.  Mis.  bounded  W.  by  the  Mis- 
sissippi  river,  S.  by  Wilkinson  co.  E.  by  Frank, 
lin,  and  N.  by  Jefferson ;  length  40  ni.,  mean 
width  about  15 ;  area  600  sq.  ms.  The  face  of 
tlii"  CO.  is  diversified  by  hill  and  dale.  Fruits, 
p;.:iches,  some  apples,  and  abundance  of  figs. 
Chief  towns,  Natchez  and  Wasliington.  Pop. 
in  1820,  12,073,  in  1830, 14,919. 

ADAMSBURG,  v.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 
145  m.  W.  fi-om  Harrisburg. 

ADAMSVILLE,  v.  Washington  co.  N.  Y. 
57  m.  N.  from  Albany. 

ADAMSVILLE,  v.  Marlborough  district,  S. 
C  by  post-road.  106  ra.  NE.  from  Colui.ibi,i. 

ADDISON,  t.  of  Washington  co.  Mi-me, 
W.  16  m.  from  Machias.  Pof  \v  l&';  519 ; 
in  1830,  741. 

A  DDISON,  ca  Vermont,  having  lake  Cham- 
plain  W.,  Chittenden  N.,  Washington  and  Or- 


water;  and  from  the  mouth  of  tlieCahawba  to 
the  forks  of  the  VxtoBa.  and  TiJlapoosa,  3  feet 
in  the  shallowest  places.  It  is  navigable  for 
f  oops  to  Fort  Claibfjrne. 

ALABASTER,  or  Eleuthera,  one  of  the  Ba- 
hama  islands,  on  the  great  Bahama  bank.  Tlie 
climate  is  healthy.  It  produces  pinc-applcn  tor 
exiwrtntion.  Tlicre  is  a  small  fort  and  g.irri- 
son  on  tlie  island.  Long.  76^  22'  to  763  5(j'  \y 
Lat.  24  >  41)'  to  26^  30'  N. 

ALACHUA  SAVANNAH,  in  E.  Florida, 
75  m.  W.  from  St  Augustine,  50  m.  in  circum- 
ference, without  a  tree  or  bush,  but  is  encircled 
with  hills,  covered  with  forests  and  orange 
groves,  on  a  very  rich  soil.  The  ancient  Ala. 
chua  Indian  town  stood  on  the  borders  of  this 
savannah ;  but  the  Indians  removed  to  Cusco- 
willa,  two  miles  distant,  on  account  of  the  uii- 
healthiness  of  the  former  site. 

ALACRANES,  a  long  range  of  hidden 
rocks,  shoals,  and  banks,  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
gulf  of  Mexico,  opijosite  the  coast  of  YucaUn, 
E.  from  Stone  Bonk,  and  W.  from  Ca\te  St.  An. 
tonio.  N.  hit  i3^  between  89°  and  9P  W, 
long.  Navigators  pass  round  them,  thoug'i 
tliere  are  &ome  good  channels  and  soundings, 

ALBANY,  t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  18  m.  NV . 
from  Parin.    Pop.  288. 

ALBANY,  t  Orleans  co.  Vt.  40  m.  NIJE. 
from  Montpclier. 

ALBANY,  CO.  N.  Y.  on  Hudson  r.  Poi. 
53,560.    Chief  town,  Albany. 

ALBANY,  city,  Albany  co.  the  capital  of 
New  York,  and  tiie  second  town  in  population, 
wealth  and  connncrce  in  the  state,  stands  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson,  150  m.  N.  of  New 


ange  E.,  and  Rutl^Jid  S.  Mean  length  25  m.l  York,  165  W.  of  Boston,  230  S.  of  Montreal, 
mean  breadth  20;  area  about  500  sq.  ms.  j  and  376  from  W.  N.  lat.  42=  39'.  E.  long.S- 
Though  not  mountainous,  it  is  finely  varicga-  j  17'  from  W.  Most  of  the"  ancient  Dutch  build- 
ted  by  hill  and  dale.  Otter  river  flows  througii  I  ings,  which  formerly  gave  it  such  a  grotesque 
this  CO.  and  by  its  numerms  branches  affords  jaspeci,  have  disappeared.  It  is  now  neatly 
much  fine  land  and  excfilentmill  scats.  Chief  and  in  some  parts  handsomely  built.    It  con- 


Pop. 


m 


m.  S. 


towns,  Verjrennes  an('.  Middleburg. 
1820,  20,620 ;  in  1830,  24,940. 

ADDISON,  1.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  15 
from  Bath.    Top.  944. 

ADELPTH,  t  Ross  co.  Ohio,  about  20  m. 
NE.  from.  (Jhillicothe,  from  W.  392  ms. 

AG  AW  AM,  r.  Mass.  which  runs  into  the 
sea  at  'A'^areham. 

i*  GAW AM,  V.  in  the  tovmsJiip  of  W.  Sprmg- 
fie'd,  Hampden  co.  Mass.  r.ear  the  entrance  of 


tains  10  public  buildings.  The  capital,  built 
upon  the  upper  portion  of  *he  citj',  has  an  ele- 
vatcd  position.  It  Is  115  feet  in  length,  and 
90  in  breadth.  The  academy,  directly  north 
of  it,  is  a  spacious  zv.d  showy  building.  The 
Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Bank  tnd  the  Alba- 
ny Bank,  at  tlit  bottom  of  State  street,  are  of 
white  marble.  The  Museiun  is  a  handsome 
building  in  South  Market  street.  State  jtrcct, 
in  its  whole  length,  is  remarkably  wide,  and 


Westfield  river  into  the  Connecticut,  2  m.  SW.|  shows  to  great  advantage.    The  number  of 


from  Springfield  ;  from  W,  .')66  m. 

AGAWAM,  the  name  o*"  Westficld  river 
towards  its  mouth. 

AHPMOOJEENE-GAMOOK  lake,  Mahie, 
20  ms.  N.  from  Moosehead  lake. 

AIR,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa.    Pop.  1.173. 

AKANSAS,  see  page  155. 

ALABAMA,  state,  see  page  112. 

ALABAMA,  t  Monroe  co.  Alabama,  on  Al- 
abama river,  10  m.  below  Fort  Jackson- 

ALABAMA,  r.  in  the  state  of  Alabama,  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  Coosa  and  Talla- 
poosa,  and  flowing  SSW.  unites  witli  the  Tom- 
bigbec  to  form  Mobile  river,  45  m,  from  tlie 
head  of  Mobile  Bay.  From  its  mouth  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Cahawba,  210  m.  it  has  4  or  5  feet 


churches  is  16,  of  which  6  are  of  stone,  7  of 
brick,  and  3  of  wood.  Three  of  Ihem  are  very 
handsome,  and  others  are  poacious.  Canal 
wharf  and  quay  are  of  great  length,  and  ex.- 
hibit  a  striking  show  of  business  and  bust'c. 
Few  cities  present  a  more  beautiful  prospect 
than  Albany,  when  seen  from  the  public  square, 
or  the  summit  of  the  capital.  The  city  slopes 
from  the  public  square  to  the  river,  like  the 
sides  o^^an  amphitheatre.  Two  or  three  of  its 
noblfi  mansions  embowered  in  trees,  give  it  the 
appearance  cf  having  forests  in  its  limits. 
Sloops  and  sleixmboats  arrive  here  from  New 
York  in  gieat  numbers,  and  there  is  seldom  a 
day  in  'yvhich  three  or  four  passages  do  not  of- 
fer, in  steamboats  departing  to  and  from  New 


** 


'»! 


1 


k 


ALB— ALE 


173 


t.  40  m.  NNE. 

[udson  r.    Poj. 

.  the  capital  of 
'n  in  population, 
state,  stands  on 
)0  m.  N.  ot"  New 
S.  of  Montreal, 
39'.   E.  long-.  3= 
;nt  Dutch  build. 
uch  a  grotesque 
is  now  neatly 
built.     It  con. 
le  ca|>ital,  built 
city,  has  aii  cle- 
in  length,  and 
directly  north 
building.    The 
und  the  Alba- 
te  street,  are  of 
is  a  handsome 
State  'Jtrcct, 
ably  wide,  and 
'he  number  of 
of  stone,  7  of 
[■  Ihem  are  very 
)acious.    Canal 
ength,  and  ex- 
ess  and  bust'e. 
utiful  prospect 
le  public  square, 
The  city  slopes 
river,  fike  the 
o  or  three  of  its 
trees,  give  it  the 
in   its  limits, 
here  trom  New 
jere  is  seldom  a 
nagcs  do  not  of- 
and  from  New 


York.  Its  canal  communications  with  lakel 
Champlain,  the  northern  lakes,  and  the  Ohio  I 
valley  give  it  unrivalled  advantages  of  this  sort. 
More  stages  daily  arrive  and  depart  from  this 
city,  than  any  other  of  the  size  in  the  Union, 
being  more  than  100  daily.  Its  literary,  hu- 
mane, and  1  eligious  institutions  are  of  a  very 
respectable,  class,  and  it  issues  6  or  7  periodi- 
cal publications.  Its  population  in  1820  was 
12,630 ;  in  1830, 24,216,  having  nearly  doubled 
its  population  in  ten  years.    A  more  emphatic 

ALBANY  AND 


illustration  of  the  tendency  of  the  canal  system 
could  not  be  given.  There  are  in  the  city  3 
flour  mills,  2  woollen  manufactories,  2  da  cot- 
ton and  woollen,  1  distillery,  5  breweries,  man- 
ufactories  of  oil-cloths,  and  a  very  extensive 
cap  manufactory  which  employs  20('  males 
and  4,")0  females  and  pays  $1,800  in  ..  cekly 
wages.  The  business  transacted  in  this  estab- 
lishment amounts  to  several  hundred  thousand 
I  dollars  a  year.  There  is  a  rail-road  from  Al- 
'bany  to  Sclienectady,  length  14  miles. 

ITS  ENVIRONS. 


(a)  United  States  arsenal. — (b) 
(e)  Deep  Cut 

ALBANY,  t,  Berks  co.  Pa.  E.  Harrisburg. 
Pop.  995. 

ALBANY,  r.  North  America,  which  falls 
into  James'  bay,  long.  84°  30'  W.  lat.  SF  30' 
N.  runs  NE.  through  a  chain  of  small  lakes, 
from  the  S.  end  of  Winnipeg  lake.  The  Brit- 
ish fort  is  on  the  river,  in  lat.  53°  10'  N. 

ALBANY,  New,  t.  Clarke  eo.  In. ;  from  W. 
642  m. ;  a  little  below  Clarksville. 

ALBEMARIiE,  co.  central  part  of  Va.; 
bounded  N.  by  Orange  co.  E.  by  Louisa  and 
Fluvanna  cos.  SE.  by  James  r.  SW.  by  Am- 
herst CO.  and  W.  by  Augusta  and  Rockingham 
cos.  Chief  town,  Charlottesville.  Pop.  22,618; 
slaves  11,689. 

ALBEM  ARLE-SOUND,  inlet  of  the  sea,  on 
E.  coast  of  N.  C.  It  extends  into  the  country 
60  m.  and  is  from  4  to  15  wide.  It  receives 
the  waters  of  the  Roanoke  and  the  Chowan. 
Lat.  35^  .')2'  N. 

ALBERTSON'S,  v.  Duplin  co.  N.C. 

ALBION,  t  and  cap.  of  Edwards  co.  Illinois, 
40  m.  SW.  Kom  Vincennes.  It  stands  on  the 
dividing  ridge  between  .'  e  Great  unci  Lit«! 
Wabash  rivers,  12  m.  from  the  former  and  6 
fmm  the  latter,  in  a  dry  and  healthy  »iti. ..tion, 
while  it  is  well  suppiied  with  spring  of  water. 
Distance  from  W .  733  m. 

ALBION,  V.  F-dwards  co.  Illinois. 


Aqueduct. — (c)   Fort's   Ferry. — (d)  Vischer's   Ferry.- 


ALBURG,  t.  Grand  Isle  co.  Vt.  on  N.  end 
of  the  island  of  North  Hero,  in  lake  Champlain ; 
40  m.  N.  from  Burlington,  from  W.  5.55  m.  It 
is  a  port  of  entry.    Fop.  1,239. 

AliDIE,  V.  lioudon  co.  Va. ;  from  W.  35  m. 

ALEXANDER,  t.  Athens  co.  Ohio.  Fop. 
765. 

ALEXANDER,  t  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  6  m. 
S.  from  Batavia. 

ALEXANDER,  co.  Illinois,  at  the  angle  be- 
tween Mississippi  and  Ohio  rivers.  Chief  town, 
America.    Pop.  1,390. 

ALEXANDERS,  v.  York  district,  S.  C; 
from  W.  441  m. 

ALEXANDERVILLE,  v.  Montgomery  co. 
Ohio,  on  Miami  r.  7  m.  below  Dayton. 

ALEXANDRIA,  t.  Grafton  eo.  N.  H.  13  m. 
SSE.  from  Plymouth.    Fop.  1,083. 

ALEXANDRIA,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  on 
*he  Delaware ;  15  m.  SE.  from  Easton. 

ALEXANDRIA,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Fa.;  8 
m.  from  Huntingdon,  192  m.  WNW.  from 
Philndelphin,  from  W.  162  m. 

AI.KXANDRLV,  t.  in  the  parish  of  Rapide, 
Loviisuma,  on  Red  River,  120  m.  from  its 
mouth,  70  from  Natchitoches,  and  about  100 
from  Natchez,  St  Francisville,  and  Point  Cou- 
pee ;  about  130  m.  in  n  direct  line,  and  344  by 
water,  WNW.  ftom  New  Orleans,  from  W 


( 


\h '  n 


•!j::#''  '■ 


174 


ALE— ALL 


w- 


1 1;'^' 


,i' 


;.^(ir  ' 


i  't 


li*. 


li  ■  'I 


1246  m.  Lat.  31°  15'  N.  It  i»  situated  in  a 
fertile  vnlley,  at  the  point  of  intcrBcetion  of  all 
the  great  roads  of  the  wcstci  \  district  of  Lou- 
isiana. It  is  settled  almost  wholly  by  Anieri 
cans,  and  is  a  pliicc  of  inercasing  importance. 
ALEXANDRIA,  New,  t  Westaiorclujid  co. 
"a. ;  from  W.  201  m. 

ALEXANDlilA,  co.  District  of  Columbia. 
Pop.  9,G08 ;  chief  town,  Alexandria. 

ALEXANDRIA,  city,  and  port  of  entry,  in 
the  District  of  Columbia,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Potomac,  fi  ni.  S.  of  Washington.  The  pub- 
lic buildings  are  a  court-house,  and  6  churches, 
viz.  2  for  Presbyterians,  2  for  Episcopalians,  1 
for  Quakers,  and  1  for  Roman  Catholics.  It 
has  a  commodious  iiarbor,  sufficiently  deep  for 
the  largest  ships.  The  streets  are  regular  and 
squares  rectangular.  The  progress  of  this  neat 
and  ancient  town  has  bc^n  for  a  long  time  al- 
most stationary.  It  is  exf«ected  that  the  Ohio 
and  Chesapeake  canal,  with  whicli  it  is  con- 
nected, will  communicate  to  it  a  new  impulse 
of  prosperity.  Pop.  in  1820,  8,216 ;  in  1830, 
8,221. 

ALEXANDRIA,  t.  Washington  co.  Maine, 
30  ni.  N.  of  Machias. 

ALEXANDRIA,  t.  Campbell  co.  Ky. 
ALEXANDRIA,  t.  Scioto  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Ohio  river,  at  the  mouth  of  tlir  Scioto,  which, 
separates  it  from  Portsmouth,  45  m.  S.  from 
Chillicothe. 

ALEXANDRIANA,  t.  Mecklenburg  co.  N. 
C.  157  m.  SW.  from  Raleigh. 

ALFORD,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.;  15  m. 
SvSW.  from  Lenox,  125  W.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
512. 

ALFORDSVILLE,  v.  Robeson  co.  N.C.; 
from  W.  387  m. 

ALFORDSTOWN,  t.  and  cap.  Moore  co. 
N.C.  about  30  m.  WNW.  from  Fayetteville. 
ALFRED,  t.  Prescott  co.  U.C.  on  Ottawa  r. 
i^.LFRED,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  SE. 
from  Angelica.    Pop.  1,701. 

ALFRED,  t  York  co.  Maine;  24  m.  N.  from 
York-,  88  N.  by  E.  from  Boston,  86  from  Au- 
gusta, and  513  from  W.  Pop.  1,453.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  a  jail,  and  a  Congrega- 
tional meeting-house.  The  courts  of  the  county 
are  held  alternately  here  and  at  York.  There 
is  in  the  township  a  village  of  Shakers. 

ALFRED,  t  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y. ;  10  m.  SE. 
from  Angelica.     Pop.  273. 

ALLAN'S  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs 
into  the  Genesee,  in  Caledonia.  Length  40  m. 
ALLEGHANY,  co.  SW.  part  of  N.  Y. ; 
bounded  N.  by  Genesee  and  Ontario  cos.,  E. 
by  Steuben  ca,  S.  by  Pennsylvania,  and  W. 
by  Catnraugus  co.  Pop.  26,218.  Chief  town, 
Angelioa. 

ALLEGHANY,  co.  W.  part  of  Pa.  bound- 
ed N.  by  Butler  oo.,  E.  by  Westmoreland  co., 
S.  and  SW.  by  Washington  co.,  and  NW.  by 
Beaver  co.  Pop.  37,984.  Chief  town,  Pitts- 
burg. 

ALLEliHANY,  t.  Cambria  co.  Pa.  W. 
from  Harrisourg.    Pop.  947. 

ALLEGHANY,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.  W. 
from  Harrisburg.    Fop.  773. 


AIXEGHANY,  t.  Venanffo  co.  Pa.  N.  W. 
from  Harrisburg.     Pop.  671. 

ALLEGHANY,  t.  Armstrong  co.  Pa.  W. 
from  Harrisburg.     Pop.  1,413. 

ALLEGHANY,  t.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 
Pop.  1,388. 

ALLEGHANY  t  Somerset  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
372. 

ALLEGHANY,  co.  Md.  Uie  NW.  end  of 
the  state,  on  Potomac  river.  Chief  town, 
Cumberland.    Pop.  li  ,602. 

ALLEGHANY,  i.iountains,  U.  S.  com- 
mence in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  and  running 
NE.  nearly  parallel  with  the  coast  of  the  At- 
lantic ocean,  at  the  distance  of  250  miles,  pass 
through  N.  Carolina,  Virginia,  Maryland, 
Pennsylvania,  to  New  York.  They  divide 
the  waters  which  flow  into  the  Atlantic  from 
those  which  flow  into  the  Mississippi. 

ALLEGHANY,  r.  rises  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  runs  first  NW.  into  New  York,  and 
then  by  a  bend  to  the  SW.  again  enters 
Pennsylvania,  and  at  Pittsburg  unites  with 
the  Monongahela  to  form  the  Oliio.  It  is  a 
steady  stream,  and  navigable  for  keel-boats  of 
10  tons  to  Hamilton,  260  m.  above  Pittsburg. 

ALLEMAND,  r.  which  fulls  into  the  IMis- 
sissippi,  from  the  SE.  43  m.  S.  from  Natchez. 

ALLEN'S  FERRY,  v.  Harrison  co.  Indi. 
ana. 

ALLEN'S  FRESH,  v.  Charles  co.  Md.  43 
m.  S.  from  Washington,  on  Wicomico  river. 

ALLENS,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.  near  Har- 
risburg.   Pop.  2,995. 

ALLEN,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.  Pop.  1,847. 

ALLEN,  CO.  Kentucky;  having  Ten.  S. 
Warren,  SW.  NW.  and  N.  and  Barren  E. 
Its  form  is  elliptical,  extending  over  about 
500  sq.  ms.  Chief  town,  Scottsville.  Pop. 
6,486. 

ALLEN,  CO.  Ohio,  having  Mercer  and 
Vanvert  W.,  Putnam  N.,  Hardin  E.  and  Lo- 
gan and  Shelby  S.  It  extends  about  23  m. 
from  N.  to  S.  with  a  width  of  22  m.  from  E. 
to  W.  area  500  sq.  ms.    Pop.  578. 

ALLENSTOWN,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 

10  m.  SE.  from  Concord,  and  25  NW.  from 
liiXctcr* 

ALLENSTOWN,  t.  MonmouUi  co.  N.  J. 

11  m.  E.  from  Trenton. 
ALLENTOWN,  L  and  cap.  Lehigh  co.  Pa. 

on  Lehigh  river.  52  m.  NNW.  from  Phila- 
delphia, 18  m.  SW.  from  Easton,  and  6  m. 
from  Bethlehem.  It  it  beautifully  situated  on 
an  elevation  in  the  midst  of  a  well  cultivated 
pleasant  country.  It  contains,  besides  the 
county  buildings,  a  bank,  printing  office, 
several  dry  goods  stores,  and  a  number  of 
merchant  mills.  The  principal  staple,  flour. 
Distance  from  Washington  178  ms. 

ALLENSVILLE,  v.  Mifflin  co.  Pa. 

ALLENSVILLE,  v.  Warren  co.  Ten. 

ALLENTOWN,  v.  Montgomery  co.  (N. 
C.)  S.  W.  from  Raleigh. 

ALLEY,  t.  Queens  co.  N.  Y. 

ALLOW  AY  CREEK,  t  Salem  co.  N.  J. 

ALLOWAY,  /.  Salem  co.  N.  J.  runs  into 
the  Delaware. 


I 


ALL— AMI! 


175 


0.  Pa.  N.  W. 

r  CO.  Pa.  W. 

land  CO.  Pa. 

!o.  Pa.     Pop. 

NW.  end  of 
Chief  town, 

U.  S.  com- 
and  running 
ist  of  the  At- 
iU  miles,  pass 
Maryland, 
They  divide 
\tlantic  from 
!ippi. 

'cnnsylvania, 
York,  and 
apain   enters 

unites  with 
iiio.  It  is  a 
keel.boat8  of 
e  Pittsburg', 
into  tlic  Mis- 
f)m  Natchez, 
son  CO.  Indi- 

s  00.  Md.  43 
)niico  river, 
'a.  near  Har- 

1.  Pop.  1,847. 
ixig  Ten.  S. 
1  Barren  E. 
r  over  about 
tsville.    Pop. 

Mercer  and 
I  E.  and  Lo- 
about  23  m. 
!  m.  from  E. 

am  CO.  N.  H. 
5  NW.  from 

til  CO.  N.  J. 

shigh  CO.  Pa. 
from  Phila- 
n,  and  6  m. 
/  situated  on 
ell  cultivated 
besides  the 
Giting'  office, 
number  of 
staple,  flour. 

16. 

.Pa. 
o.  Ten. 
ery  co.  (N. 


1  CO.  N.  J. 
J.  runs  into 


r^ 


ALL-SAINTS,  islands  near  Guadaluupe,  in 
the  W.  Indies. 

ALL-SAINTS,  parish,  Georgetown  district, 
a  C. 

ALLUVIAL.WAY,  or  Ridge-Road,  ridge, 
lying  along  the  S.  shore  of  lake  Ontario,  at 
the  distance  of  from  6  to  10  m.  Its  general 
width  is  from  4  to  8  rods,  and  it  is  raised  in 
the  middle  with  a  handsome  crowning  arch, 
from  6  to  10  leet.  A  road  is  opened  upon  it 
from  I.ewiston  to  Genesee  river,  a  distance  of 
87  miles.  It  is  a  grand  work  of  nature,  and 
esteemed  a  great  curiosity. 

ALNA,  t  Lincoln  co.  Maine;  10  m.  N. 
of  Wiscasset,  190  m.  from  Boston. 

ALSACE,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa. 

ALSACE,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa.  on  E.  side  of  the 
Schuylkill.    Pop.  1,275. 

ALSTEAD,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.;  8  m. 
NBL  from  Walpole,  14  m.  N.  from  Keene,  82 
m.  WNW.  from  Portsmouth,  460  ni.  from 
Washington.  Pop.  1,694.  It  is  a  valuable  ag- 
ricultural  town,  and  contains  a  paper>mill,  an 
oil-mill,  and  3  houses  of  public  worship,  2  for 
Congregationalists,  and  one  for  Baptists. 

ALSTON,  t  N.  C.  on  Little  river,  not  far 
from  the  sea;  20  m.  W.  from  Brunswick. 
Lon.  78=  35'  W.    Lat.  33=  54'  N. 

ALTAMAHA,  navigable  river,  Georgia, 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Oakmulgee 
and  Oconee.  After  the  junction,  the  Alta- 
malia  becomes  a  large  river,  flowing  with  a 
gentle  current  through  forests  and  plains 
upwards  of  100  miles,  and  runs  into  St. 
Simon's  sound  by  several  mouths,  60  m.  SW. 
from  Savannah.  Its  length  to  its  source  is 
about  500  m. 

ALTAMAHA,  t.  Georgia,  at  the  union  of 
the  Oconee  and  Oakmulgee.  Lon.  83.  W. 
Lat.  33.  54.  N. 

ALTON,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.;  S.  from 
lake  Winnipiseogee ;  33  m.  NW.  from  Ports- 
mouth.    Pop.  1,279. 

ALTON,  t.  Madison  co.  Illinois,  on  the 
Mississippi,  3  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the 
Missouri.  It  is  recently  established,  and 
regularly  laid  out  Near  it  there  is  a  coal 
mine. 

ALUM  CREEK,  r.  Ohio.  It  is  the  west- 
erly branch  of  the  Big  Walnut,  which,  after 
a  course  of  about  35  miles,  it  joins  in  SE. 
part  of  Franklin  co. 

AMAPALLA,  t  Mexico,  in  Nicaragua,  on 
a  point  of  land  running  into  the  Pacific,  12 
m.  from  San  Miguel. 

AMAPALLA,  large  gulf  on  the  W.  coast 
of  America,  between  Guatimala  and  Nicara- 
gua; nearly  60  m.  in  length,  and  from  9  to 
30  m.  in  breadtl; ;  also  called  the  Gulf  of  Fon- 
seca.  100  m.  NW.  ftom  Leon.  Lon.  88°  56' 
W.  Lat.  13°  30'  N. 

AMANDA,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  836. 

AMBER,  v.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. ;  5  m.  from 
Otis,  393  m.  from  Washington. 

AMBOY,  or  Pertk  Amboy,  city,  and  s-p. 
Middlesex  co.  N.  J.,  at  the  head  of  Raritan 
bay,  on  a  point  of  land  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  river  Raritan  with  Arthur  Kull  Sound ; 
35  m.  SW.  from  New  York,  74  m.  NE.  from 


Philadelphia,  210  m.  from  Washington.  Lat. 
40°  30'.  It  has  one  of  the  best  harbors  on  the 
continent. 

AMBOY  SOUTH,  t.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J. 
at  the  mouth  of  Raritan  river,  opposite  Perth 
Amboy. 

AMELIA,  CO.  Va.  in  the  SE.  part  of  the 
state.  Pop.  11,031,  of  whom  7,.')18  are  slaves. 
The  C.  H.  is  47  rn.  from  Richmond,  and  169 
from  Washington. 

AMELIA,  i.il.  in  the  Atlantic,  on  the  coast 
of  E.  Florida,  7  leagues  N.  from  St.  Augus- 
tine, at  the  mouth  of  St.  Mary's  river.  Lat. 
30=  28'  N.  It  is  13  m.  long  and  2  broad. 
Chief  town,  Fornandina. 

AMELIASBURG,  t.  Prince  Edwards  co. 
Upper  Canada,  on  the  bay  of  Quinti,  SW- 
from  Kingston. 

AMENIA,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y,  24  m. 
NE.  from  Poughkeepsie.  Here  is  a  marble 
quarry.     Pop.  2,389. 

AMERICA,  t.  and  cap.  Alexander  co.  Illi- 
nois, on  the  Ohio  r.  7  m.  from  its  junction 
with  the  Mississippi. 

AMES,  v.  Athens  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  NE.  from 
Athens. 

AMESBURY,  t.  in  Essex  co.  Mass.,  about 
4  m.  from  Newburyport,  and  50  m.  NE.  from 
Boston.  It  is  a  flourishing  place,  being  situ- 
ated  on  a  navigable  river.    Pop.  2,445. 

AMHERST,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  8  m. 
NE.  from  Northampton,  85  W.  from  Boston. 
In  1821,  a  college  was  established  here.  It  is 
now  in  a  flourishing  condition ;  it  has  7  pro- 
fessors, 3  tutors,  and  200  students.  The  an- 
nual expenses  of  a  student  arc  from  90  to  118 
dollars,  including  college  bills  and  board. 

AMHERS"!'  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  E.  end 
of  lake  Ontario. 

AMHERST,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H. ;  30 
m.  S.  from  Concord,  48  m.  NW.  from  Boston, 
60  m.  W.  from  Portsmouth,  and  484  m.  from 
Washington.  Lat  42°  54'  N.  Pop.  1,657. 
In  the  central  part  of  Amherst  there  is  a 
pleasant  plain  on  which  a  handsome  village  is 
built,  containing  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  Con- 
gregational meeting-house,  a  printing-office, 
cotton  and  woolbn  manufactories,  valuable 
mills,  &,c.  The  Souhegan  flows  through  the 
southern  part  of  the  town.  The  courts  for 
the  county  are  held  alternately  hero  and  at 
Hopkinton. 

AMHERST,  CO.  of  Va.  having  the  Blue 
Ridge,  or  Rockbridge,  NW.,  Nelson  NE., 
James  river,  or  Buckingham  and  Campbell, 
SE.,  James  river,  or  Bedford,  SW.  Pop. 
12,072,  of  whom  5,927  are  slaves.  The  C. 
H.  is  136  m.  from  Richmond,  and  18C  from 
Washington. 

AMHERST  SPRINGS,  v.  Amherst  co.  Va. 
124  m.  W.  from  Richmond. 

AMHERSTBURG,  or  Maiden,  t.  and  cap. 
Essex  CO.  Upper  Canada,  on  Detroit  r.  3  m. 
above  its  entrance  into  lake  Erie,  and  14  be- 
low Detroit.  It  has  about  150  houses,  and  a 
good  harbor,  with  anchorage  in  3J  fathoms. 

AMHERST,  t  Cumberland  co.  Nova  Scotia, 
on  Chignecto  bay,  at  the  entrance  of  the 
rivers  La  Planch,  Napan,  and  Macon. 


176 


AMI— AND 


86 


ni, 


IV  [(: 


1  "rif'i'f  •       1  j" 


Ciiief 


AMISaVH-LE,  v.riil|)C|)er  co.  Va. 
W.  from  Wushington. 

AMITE, cii.  MiHHiBfiippi,on  Amite  r. 
town.  Liberty.     Pop.  7,'>43. 

AMITK,  r.  MiHHiasippi,  run*  into  the  Iber- 
ville 40  m.  above  its  entrance  into  lake  Muu- 
repas.    It  i8  navig^able  for  boats  nearly  to  its 
Hource* 
AMITY,  V.  Oranjro  co.  N.  Y. 
AMITY,  V.  WuBhington  co.  Pa. 
AMITY,  t.  BerkB  co.  Pa. 
AMMONOOSUC,  {Lower,)  r.  N.  H.  which 
rises  in  the  White  Mountains,  and  runs  into 
the  Connecticut,  in  Bath.     Length  about  50 
miles. 

AMMONOOStTC,  (Upper,)  r.  N.  H.  which 
runs  into  the  Connecticut,  in  Ivorthuraber- 
land.     Length  50  miles, 

AMOSKEAG  falls,  on  the  Merrimack, 
in  N.  H. ;  7  miles  below  Houksct  Falls  and 
15  below  Ck)ncord,  between  (iotfstown  and 
Manchester.  The  water  falls  48  feet  in  the 
course  of  half  a  mile.  These  falls  are  shunned 
by  a  canal. 

AMSTERDAM,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y. 
on  N.  side  of  the  Mohawk ;  30  m.  NW.  from 
Albany,  and  392  m.  from  Washington.  Pop. 
3,354.  This  town  contains  valuable  mills  and 
manufactures  of  iron. 

AM  WELL,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.;  E.  the 

Delaware;  34  NNE.  from  Philadelphia.  Pop. 

of  the  township,  5,777.    Here  is  an  academy. 

AMWELL,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.;  SE. 

from  Washington.     Pop.  i,t)73. 

ANCRAM,  t.  Ck)lumbia  co.  N.  Y.,  on  An- 
cram  creek,  about  20  m.  SE.  from  Hudson. 
Here  are  extensive  iron  vorks,  at  which  are 
made  large  quantities  of  excellent  iron.  The 
ore  is  principally  obtained  from  Salisbury  in 
C^inni'cticut.  A  l^ad  minr  is  also  found  here. 
ANCRAM  CREEK,  r,  Columbia  co.  N.  Y. 
which  runs  into  the  Hudson,  opposite  Catskill. 
ANASTASIA,  isl.  »,ff  the  E.  coast  of 
Florida,  opposite  the  city  of  St.  Augustine. 
It  is  about  25  miles  long,  and  u  separated 
from  the  main  land  by  an  arm  of  the  sea 
called  Matanzas  river.  It  contains  quarries 
of  freestone.  Lon.  81°  36'  W.  lat.  29°  49'  N. 
ANCASTER,  t.  Lmcoln  co.  Upper  Canada, 
SW.  York. 

ANCHOR  POINT,  NW.  const  of  Amer- 
ica,  on  the  E.  side  of  Cooke's  inlet.  Lou 
208°  48'  E.  Lat.  59°  39'  N. 

ANCOCUS  CREEK,  N.  J.  falls  into  t!ie 
Delaware,  6  m.  SW.  Burlington.  It  is  navi- 
gable 16  miles. 

ANDALUSIA,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  Jj6  m.  from 
Harrisburg. 

ANDERSON,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 
ANDERSON,    co.    East    Tennessee,   on 
Clinch  r.  NW.  Knoxville.    Chief  town,  Clin- 
ton.   Pop.  4,668.    Slaves,  349.    Engaged  in 
agriculture,  1,310 ;  in  commerce,  4. 

ANDERSON,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
2122. 

'ANDERSON'S  ISLAND,  on  the  NW. 
coast  of  America.  Lon.  167°  40' W.  Lat.  63° 
10' N. 


A.^DERSON'S-'  TOr.E,      Caswell  co.  N. 
C.  56  111.  NW.  Rulei^;i. 

ANDERSON'S,  r.  Indiana,  runs  into  the 
Ohio  I  ^low  Troy. 

ANDERSO>fviLLE,  v.  Bklgefield  district, 
S.C. 

ANDERSONVILLE,  v.  Hancock  co.  Mis- 
sissippi. 

AN  DOVER,  t.  Oxford  co.  Maine.  Pop.  368. 
ANDOVER,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  on 
the  Merrimack,  18  m  r«Vl'.  from  Concord. 
Pop.  1,642.  It  contain'?  ^  printing-press, 
several  mills  and  mauu  ictures.  In  181H,  a 
legacy  of  $10,000  was  bequeathed  by  Mr. 
Joseph  Noyes  for  the  establishment  of  an 
academy  in  this  town. 

ANDOVER,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  20  m.  SW. 
from  Windsor.    Pop.  957. 

ANIXiVER,  t.  Sussex  co.  New  York,  30 
m.  N.  from  Trenton,  40  m.  WNW.  from  New 
York. 

ANDOVER,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  20  m.  N.  from 
Boston ;  16  WNW.  from  Salem ;  and  20  W.  from 
Newburyport.  Pop.  4,540.  It  is  an  opulent  agri- 
cultural town,  and  contains  two  large  parishes. 
The  south  parish  has  a  number  of  nianiifac- 
turi.ig  establishments.    The  theological  semi- 
nary in  this  place  is  richly  endowed.     Its 
buildings  comprise  four  dwelling  houses  for 
the  officers,  and  three  spacious  public  edifices. 
The  library  contains  over  5,000  volumes,  anu 
there  are   four  theological  professors.    The 
number  of  students  langcs  from  120  to  150. 
Phillips'  Academy  in  this  town  is  the  most 
flourishing  academy   in   the   state.    It  was 
founded  in  1778,  by  the  Hon.  Samuel  Phillips, 
Esq.  of  Andover,  and  his  brother,  the  Hon. 
John  Phillips,  LL.  D.  of  Exeter.    Its  officers 
are  a  principal,  3   assistants,  a  teacher  of 
sacred   music,  and   a  writing  master.    The 
number  of  students  ranges  from  120  to  150. 
The  institution  is  accommodated  with  a  large 
and  commodious  brick  building,  80  feet  by  40, 
erected  in  1818,  on  a  range  with  the  buildings 
of  the  theological  seminary.    The  theological 
seminary  was  founded  in  1808,  and  has  been 
richly  endowed,  entirely  by  private  bounty. 
The  whole  amount  of  what  has  been  con- 
tributed for  permanent  use  in  this  seminary, 
including  the  permanent  funds,  library  and 
public  buildings,  is  more  than  three  hundred 
and  Jifty  thousand  dollars,  and  this  has  been 
contributed  almost  entirely  from  six  families. 
The  buildings  are  on  a  lofty  eminence,  and 
command  an  extensive  prospect    A  majority 
of  the  students  are  supported  in  whole  or  in 
part  by  charity.    The  academy  and  the  the- 
ological seminary  are  under  the  same  board 
of  trustees. 

ANDOVER,  t.  Tolland  co.  Connecticut,  15 
m.  E.  from  Hartford. 

ANDOVER,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.;  10  m.  S. 
from  Newton,  18  NW.  from  Morristown.  It 
is  famous  f    its  iron  works. 

ANDOVER,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.  H.  21  m. 
from  Concord.    Pop.  1324. 

ANDOVER,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  68  m.  S. 
Montpelier.    Pop.  975. 


:^ 


N. 

w. 


AND— ANT 


177 


ANDOVETJ,  t.  Allejyhany  ro.  N.  V.  an:,  m. 
W.  Albany,     roji.  rm. 

ANlM)VEtt,  t.  Aahtabula  co.  Ohio,  200  in. 
NK.  of  Columbtid. 

ANDREWS,  St,,  R  donport  town  of  Niw 
IiDinttwiok,  at  tliu  untrnnre  of  ruaHarniuiuoddy 
river. 

ANDREWS-HFlIDCifJ,  v.  Lancantor  co.  Fa. 
[h  III,  SE.  HRrriHhiirp. 

ANDR()SC(HJ{iIN,  ar  Amfrmmrgin,  r. 
wliicli  risen  from  lliiibn('0(r  Lalte,  N.  li.  It 
has  a  coursti  of  almut  40  m.  in  N.  11.  and 
after  a  course  of  about  100  in.  in  S\V.  part  of 
Maine,  Hows  irto  the  Kcnnebiiek,  whicli  it 
joiiiH  18  m.  from  tho  sea,  at  Mcrrymettinff 
Hay,  (i  ni.  above  Bath. 

ANDUOSCOCilGIN,  LMp,  r.  Maine,  which 
flows  into  tlio  Anciroscogjrin  N.  of  Poland. 

ANGELICA,  t.  and  cap.  Alleghany  co. 
N.  Y. ;  E.  of  the  Genesee ;  40  W.  Bath,  SH:) 
VV.  Albany,  VV.  337.     Pop.  !)!)8. 

ANGOLA,  V.  Eric  co.  N.  Y.  291  m.  W. 
Allmny. 

ANGUILLA,  or  Snake  Island,  the  most 
nortiierly  of  the  English  Leeward  Islands  in  the 
VV'eNt  Indies.  It  is  30  m.  long  and  3  broad, 
winding  somewliat  in  the  manner  of  a  snake, 
and  is  00  in.  NVV.  of  St.  Cliristoplicr.  Long. 
fi2J  3.V  W.  lat.  180  1.5'  n.  q^^  ofti,^  Bahama 
Islands  is  also  colled  Anguilla. 

ANN,  St.,  a  town  of  New  Brunswick,  situ- 
ate on  tlic  river  .St.  John  nearly  opposite  to 
Frcdericton,  and  80  m.  above  the  city  of  St. 
.Iphn.  Also  tho  name  of  a  lake  in  Upper 
Canada,  to  the  N.  of  Lake  Superior. 

ANNAPOLIS,  formerly  Severn,  city  and 
port  of  entry,  Anne  Arundel  co.  Md.,  on  llie 
SVV.  side  of  the  Severn,  2  m.  from  its  mouth ; 
28  SSFO.  Baltimore,  40  ENE.  from  W.  Long. 
7tJ3  48'  W.  lat.  3!)o  0'  N.  Pop.  alwut  2,623. 
It  is  the  seat  of  the  state  government,  is  a 
pleasant  and  healthy  town,  and  contains  a 
spacious  and  elegant  state-honse,  a  market- 
liouKi!,  a  theatre,  a  bank,  and  two  houses  of 
public  worship,  1  for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for 
.Methodists.  The  streets  converge  to  the  state- 
house  and  to  the  Episcopal  church,  as  two 
centres.  Two  newspapers  arc  published  here. 
The  flourishing  state  of  Baltimore  has  injured 
the  trade  of  this  city. 

St  John's  College,  a  Roman  Catholic  insti- 
tution, incorporated  in  1782,  was  for  some 
years  in  operation  in  this  city ;  but  a  few  years 
ago,  it  was  deprived  of  its  funds  by  the  legis- 
lature. The  instruction  has  been  discon- 
tinued. 

ANNAPOLIS,  a  sca-port  of  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  E.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy.  It  has 
one  of  the  finest  harbors  in  the  world;  but  the 
_difficult  strait,  called  the 
town  stands  on  the 
the  mouth  of  a  river 
of  its  name,  86  m.  W.  by  N.  of  Halifax.  Lon. 
64^  55'  W.  lat  44°  50'  N. 

ANNAi^OLIS,  V.  Salem  township,  Jcflferson 
CO.  Ohio,  135  m.  NE.  Columbus. 

ANNE  ARUNDEL,  a  county  of  Maryland, 
on  the  western  shore  of  Chesapeake  Bay. 
Pop.  28,295.    Annapolis  is  the  chief  town. 


A,\.\  Book,  v.  Maury  (o.  Tenn.;  783  m. 
from  W. 

A.W,  Ciipe,  a  |Kiint  of  lind  which  forms  tho 
\.  .side  of  MjisHiichuKetlH  Buy,  Two  light- 
hoiHcH  on  an  islniid  at  the  extremity  of  tliil 
C.ipe  Mir  in  N.  laf.  4v"  K).'  VV.  long.  7(P  .'W. 

.\.\N,  h'lirl,  II  town  in  U'lmhinuton  ro.  N. 
V.  ImIwi'cu  tli<'  North  river  and  J  .a  kr  Cham- 
plain.    Pop.  ;<,2t»i. 

ANNSVILLi:,  V.  Dinwiddie  co.  Va.  r,i  m. 
S.  of  Riehinond. 

ANSON,  a  county  of  North  Carolina,  Imr- 
(lering  on  .South  Ciirolina,  and  Ixtundcd  on  the 
NE.  by  the  Yadkin  river.  Pop.  14,08 1.  Wades- 
l)oroiigh,  142  m.  S\V.  by  W.  of  Raleigh,  is  the 
chief  town. 

ANSON,  t.  Somerset  co.  Mc.  on  the  Ken- 
nelwc  river.     Poj).  1,.'>32. 

ANTAUttA,  a  county  of  Alabama  on  the 
river  Alabama.  Washington  is  tho  chief 
town.     Pop.  11,872. 

ANTHONY'S,  or  St.  Anthnm/s  Nose,  pro- 
montn-  in  New  York,  1].  of  the  Hudson : 
1,1  high  ;  .12  N.  New- York,  6  S.  West 

Poll.       it  is  877  teet  alKjve  the  river. 

AN  PHONY,  St.,  Falls  of,  on  the  Missis- 
si|ipi  river,  in  N.  lat.  45^  W.  hmg.  93',  b»'ing 
more  than  2,(100  in.  above  the  entrance  of  tho 
river  into  the  (iulf  of  Mexico.  There  is  a  fort 
in  the  Missouri  Territory,  on  the  jwint  of 
land  formed  by  the  St.  Peter's  river,  which 
river  fulls  into  the  Mississippi  just  below  the 
Falls  of  St.  Anthony. 

ANTHONY'S  KILL,  r.  N.  Y.  which  rises 
in  Ballston,  and  runs  into  the  Hudson,  8  N. 
from  Waterford. 

ANTICOSTI,  an  island  at  the  mouth  of  tho 
river  St.  Lawrence,  90  in.  long  and  20  broad. 
It  is  full  of  rocks,  covered  witji  wood,  and  has 
no  harbor ;  but  excellent  cod  is  found  on  the 
shores. 

ANTIETAM,  a  small  tributary  oftlie  Po- 
tomac, running  into  it  near  Shepardstown. 

ANTIC;UA,  one  of  tlie  English  Leeward 
Islands,  in  the  West  Indies,  about  20  m.  in 
length  ond  breadth,  and  60  E.  by  S.  of  St 
Christopher.  It  is  destitute  of  water,  and  the 
inhabitants  are  obliged  to  save  tlie  rain-water 
in  cisterns.  The  chief  produce  is  sugar,  of 
which  it  annually  produces  about  10,000  hogs- 
heads.  It  was  taken  by  the  French  in  1782, 
but  restored  in  1783.  The  capital  is  St 
John. 

ANTILLES,  the  name  which  the  French 
give  to  the  Caribbce  or  West  India  islands, 
which  see. 

ANTONIO  DE  BEHAR,  San,  the  capital 
of  Texas,  on  the  San  Antonio  river.  It  is  a 
village  composed  of  mud  cabins  covered  with 
turf. 

ANTRIM,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.;  21 
ni.  NW.  Amherst,  30  WSW.  Concord,  75  W. 
Portsmouth,  469  from  W.     Pop.  1,309. 

ANTRIM,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.  It  is  watered 
by  the  Conecoclieague,  and  borders  on  Mary- 
land. 
ANTRIM,  Crawford  co.  Ohia 
ANTWERP,  t.  .lefterson   co.  N.  Y.;  180 
m.  NW.  Albany,  474  from  W.    Fop.  2,412. 


iV.-i 


ii 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


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1^1^  US 

Hf   1^    12.0 

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I.   ^ 


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1.6 


Hiotographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

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ANVIf-,  I.  I.tl)iiiii)n  CO.  l';i. 
ANVIfif.K,  t.  Diuipliiii  <o.  I'll.;  iil>out  55 
m.  WNW.  I'liiludclpliii,  \'M  iVo.ii  W. 

APiVLAC^IIIAN  .MUl'.NTAIiNS,  llie  imme 
(jivcn  to  tlic  iiniiicnHc  cliiiiii  cxfciiilinir  aloiifr 
the  wliolo  Atlantic  coiiHt  of  tlic  riiitcd  Stales, 
from  Alabama  to  Maine.  In  the  soiitlicrn 
Rtatcf)  thry  arc  200  in.  Irom  tlic  kch,  but  as 
thc^y  extend  northward  approach  nt  a r  the  coaHt, 
They  run  generally  in  pnrallel  ridfjcn,  and  their 
various  divisions  {jo  by  dilVerent  names.  TJiesc 
arc  the  Cumberland  Alonnluins  of  Tenncssci-, 
tilt!  Blue  Mountains  of  Virfjinia,  IIk;  Allcfrhany 
and  Laurel  Mountiiins  of  iV^nnsylvania,  the 
Catskill  Mountains  of  Now  York,  tiu^  (ireeu 
Mountains  of  Vermont,  and  the  Wiiile  Moun- 
tains of  Now  Hampshire,  'i'liey  arc  some 
times  broken  into  groups  iind  isolated  cliuins. 
Tiieir  highest  sunmiits  are  in  New  IIam|>shir( 
(Jid  are  between  (i  and  7,000  fl.  alxne  the  level 
of  the  sea.  Kast  of  tin;  Hudson  they  are  {jrani- 
tic.  In  the  \V.  and  S.  they  consist  of  yranite, 
ffnciss,  mica  and  clay  slate,  primitive  lime- 
Btono,  itc.  Their  name  in  the  language  of 
the  Indians  signities  emllcHs. 

APAI.ACHICOLA,  a  river  of  North  Amcri- 
ca,  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Clmtahooche 
and  Flint,  at  an  old  Indian  fort  of  the  same 
name  on  the  south  confines  of  (Georgia,  and 
thence  Hows  between  West  and  East  Florida 
into  Apolache  Hay,  in  tlic  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
east  of  Cape  lilaize. 

APOQUINIMINK,  r.  Newcastle  co.  Dela- 
ware, which  runs  E.  into  Delaware  Bay,  3  m. 
below  Reedy  Island. 

APOQl  JI N I M 1 N Iv.  See  rantweWs  Bndfre. 
APOQUINIMINK,  hundred,  on  S.  side  of 
Newcastle  co.  Delaware. 

APULIA,  V.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  129  ni. 

W.  Albany. 

APPLETON,  t  Waldo  co.  Me.     Pop.  735. 

APPLING,  a  county  of  (Jeorgia,  in  the  SE. 

part  of  the  state,  u])on  tlic  Altamalia.    Pop. 

1,468. 

APPLINGVIIXE,  the  chief  town  of  Co- 
lumbia CO.  Geo.  93  ni.  from  Millcdgeville. 

APPOMATOX,  r.  Virginia,  which  rises  in 
Campbell  co.,  and  after  an  easterly  course  of 
about  120  m.  unites  with  James  river  at  City 
Point.     It  is  navigable  to  Petersburg. 

AQUA€KAN(X;K,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  .1.  on  the 
Passaic;  10  m.  ulwve  Newark,  22G  from  W. 
It  is  a  very  pleasant  village.  The  Passaic  is 
navigable  to  tliis  place  for  small  schooners. 

AQUIA,  t  Stailbrd  co.  Va.  on  Aquia  creek, 
5  m.  above  its  entrance  into  the  Potomac ;  42 
m.  from  W.  At  this  place,  and  in  the  vicinity 
on  Aquia  creek,  are  found  extensive  quarries 
of  freestone,  of  which  the  Capitol  at  Washhig- 
ton  and  tlie  President's  House  were  built. 

AQUIA  CREEK,  r.  Statford  co.  Virginia, 
wliich  flows  SE.,  and  joins  the  Potomac,  14  m. 
NE.  Fredericksburg,  54  IkjIow  W. 

AQUIA  RUN  MILLS,  v.  Staflbrd  co.  Va 
48  m,  from  W. 

ARARAT,  mt.  Pa.  in  Luzerne  and  Wayne 
counties.     It  is  15  m.  long. 

ARARAT,  or  I'ilol  Mouulmn,  N.  C.  on 
N.  tide  the  Yadkin,  and  E.  the  river  Ararat,  U 


m.  N  W.  B<  thania.  It  is  about  u  mile  in  herg[ht, 
and  rincH  in  the  lorm  of  a  pyramid,  with  an 
area  of  an  acre  at  tup,  on  which  is  a  rock  300 
feet  high.  From  the  sunnnit  of  this  rock  tlicrr 
is  an  extensive,  variegated,  and  delightful  pros- 

JK-'Ct. 

A  R  BEL  A,  V.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  45  m.  E.  of 

Harrisi)urg. 

ARCHER,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio. 
AR(;YLE,  t.  Peooliscot  co.  Me.  Pop.  32C. 
ARGYLE,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  on  E. 
side  of  Uie  Hudson ;  45  ni.  N.  ^Ubany,  403  in. 
Irom  W,  Pop.  3,451),  There  are  two  [wst 
villages,  at  each  of  which  there  is  a  Presbyte- 
riiut  meeting-house.  liog  ore  in  great  quanti- 
ties is  tbund  in  this  town. 

ARKANSAS  TERRITORY.  Sec  p.  l.';.-.. 
ARKANSAS,  or  Arkansaw,  or  Akanaat,  r. 
liouisiana,  which  rises  in  tlie  Rocky  Mouri- 
ta'iis,  about  N.  lat.  42^,  near  the  sources  of  tiie 
Del  Norte,  and  unites  with  the  Mississippi, 
lal.  33M0'N.  Its  courses  is  ESE.  It  is  navi- 
gabks  1,!IH0  m. ;  its  whole  length  is  2,170  in. 
Its  channel  is  broad,  and  its  navigation  satr, 
unobstructed  by  rocks,  shoals  or  rapids.  Sil 
vcr  is  found  on  tli(!  upi»er  parts  of  tiiis  river,  and 
inueli  of  tiiG  land  on  its  bunks  is  of  tlie  tirsit 
quality. 

ARKPORT,  V.  in  Canisteo,  Steuben  co.  N, 
Y.,  on  the  Canisteo ;  25  in.  SW.  Bath,  323  in. 
from  W. 

ARLINGTON,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  40  ni. 
from  Troy,  Saratoga  Springs,  Whitehall  and 
Rutland.  Pop.  1,207.  It  has  quarries  of  mar- 
ble and  limc-stonc,  a*  d  a  mineral  spring. 

ARMAGH,  t  Indiana  co.  Pa.;  W.  IGO  in. 
Ilarrisburg. 
ARMAGH,  t  Mifflin  co.  Pa. 
ARMOND,  St.,  a  town  of  Lower  Canada  at 
tlie  N.  end  of  Lake  Clmmplain. 

ARMSTRONti,  co.  Pa.,  watered  by  the 
Alleghany;  bounded  N.  by  Venango  co.,  E. 
by  Jefferson  and  Indiana  cos.,  SW.  by  West- 
moreland CO.,  and  W.  by  Butler  co.  Pop. 
17,625.  Chief  town,  Kittanning. 
ARMSTRONG,  t.  Indiana  co.  Pa. 
ARNOLD,  t.  York  co.  Maine ;  533  m. 
from  W. 

ARNOLD'S  OLD  PLACE,  v.  Fauquier 
CO.  Va. ;  56  in.  from  W. 

AROOSTIC,  r.  which  rises  in  Maine,  runs 
ESE.,  and  joins  the  St.  Johns  on  the  western 
border  of  New  Brunswick,  in  lat  42^  5'  N.  It 
is  navigable  for  bouts  40  in. 

ARUNDEL,  t.  York  co.  Maine,  on  tlie  sea 
coast;  21  NE.  York,  86  NNE.  Boston. 

ASBURY,  v.  Warren  co.  N.  J.  34  m.  NW. 
Trei'.ton. 

ASC'ENSION,  a  parish  in  the  astern  dis- 
trict  of  Louiaiona,  u|X)n  the  Mississippi.  The 
soil  is  rich,  and  produces  sugar  and  cotton. 
Donaldson,  75  ni.  from  New  Orleans,  is  the 
chief  towTi.     Pop.  of  the  parish,  5,400. 

ASCUTNEY,  mt.  Vt.  betwein  Windsor  and 
Weathersfield.  The  summit  is  5  m.  W.  of  tlic 
C\)nnectieut,  and  5  SW.  Windsor  village.  Ac- 
cording to  C'apt.  Partridge  it  is  2,903  feet  above 
the  river  at  Windsor  bridge,  and  3,320  above 
tlie  sea.    The  summit  is  comiKised  of  granite, 


ASH— ATK 


170 


iiile  in  hetght, 
unid,  with  on 
in  a  rock  300 
1)18  rock  tlicrc 
iclightful  pros. 

0,  45  m.  E.  of 

liio. 

Vie.  Pop.32G. 
a.  N.  Y.  on  E. 
Albany,  403  m. 
:  are  two  {kwI 
e  is  a  FreHbyte- 
in  great  quaiili- 

Y.    Sec  p.  I'M. 
J,  or  Akansns,  r. 
.  Uocky  Moun- 
w  sources  of  Uifi 
the  MiBsissippi, 
iiSE.    It  i»  navi- 
„gll,  is  !2,nU  '"• 
navif,^tion  sjifc, 
)  or  rapids.    Sil 
)  of  this  rivi-r,  and 
iks  is  of  tiic  hr»t 

>o,  Steuben  co.  N. 
S\V.  Bath,  323  ni. 

oton  CO.  Vt.  40  ni. 
gB,  Whitehall  and 

s  quarries  of  mar- 

ncral  spring. 
Pa.;  W.IGO  m. 

Pa. 

f  Lower  Conoda  at 

ain. 

,,  watered  by  the 
Venango  co.,  K. 
,8.,  SW.  by  \Vc8t- 
Butler   CO.    For- 
ming, 
la  CO.  Pa. 
Maine ;  533  ni. 

VCE,   V.  Fauquier 

IBCS  in  Maine,  runs 
Lis  on  the  western 
lin  lat  42=  5'  N.  U 

Maine,  on  tlic  sea 
IE.  Boston. 
N.  J.  34  m.  NVV. 

I  in  the  .  astern  dis- 

j  Mississippi.     1  »c 

,  sugar  and  cotlon. 

low  Orleans,  w  tlie 

Irish,  5,400. 
Itwoin  Windsor  and 

litis5ui.W.oftl.f 

iindsor  village.  Ac- 
lit  is  2,903  feet  above 

Ic,  and  3,320  above 
fomiioscd  of  grumU:, 


and  the  prospect  from  the  top  ir,  very  lieuuti- 

ful. 

ASIinnROrfJH,  1.  nnd  rap.  IJiindolpli  co. 
N.C.  on  l)«'Cj)  river;  12  ni.  K.  Salixlmry,  N") 
W.  RnUiirli ;  •'<>2  froiii  NV. 

ASlllH'KNUA.M,  t.  Worrrstcr  en.  Mass. 
2!»  in.  N.  Worcester, .')"»  NVV.  lUwton  ;  KW  from 
\V.  Pop.  l.Kt.'l.  Tliere  nre  2  inountniiis  in 
this  townslii(),(;reut  and  I-itflc  Wetatick.  The 
tornier  lies  in  NE.  part  of  the  town,  tlic  latter 
SW.  of  it. 

ASHBY,  L  Middlesex  ro.  Mass.;  31  ni. 
\.  Worcester,  53  NW.  Boston;  4«4  from  W.! 

ASHFiEM),  1.  Frankhn  CO.  Muss. ;  11  ni. 
SW.  (;ro«nfiel(l,  1U5  W.  Boston,  410  Irom  W. 
I'op.  1,732. 

ASIIl-'OHD,  t.  Windham  co.  Ct. ;  15  m.  N. 
Windham,  2!)  ENK.  Hartford,  36!»  from  W. 
Top.  2,('itiH. 

ASH  FORI),  AV»r,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.; 
20  in.  N.  Lenox,  121  W.  Boston. 

ASIH.AND,  t.  MontgfHnery  townisliip,  Bich- 
land  CO.  Ohio,  !i()  m.  from  t'olumbus. 

ASHLEY,  r.  S.  C.  which  rises  in  N.  part 
("harleslon  district,  rmis  SSE.  and  miitcs  with 
the  Coojxjr,  on  SW.  side  of  the  city  of  Charles- 
ton. 

A.SHTABULA,  a  county  at  the  NE.  ex- 
treniity  of  Ohio,  Iwrdering  on  Lake  Erie.  Pop. 
14,58-1.     JetTcrson  is  tlie  chief  town. 

ASHTABULA,  t.  in  the  above  county,  on 
Lake  Erie,  200  m.  frotn  Colnnd)us.  It  has  a 
good  liarlwr,  and  is  a  flourishing  town. 

ASHTABULA,  a  stream  of  Oliio,  about  30 
m.  in  k  ngth,  running  into  Lake  Eric. 

ASHTON,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.,  on  Clicster 
crock.    Pop.  765. 

ASHUELOT,  mt.  N.  lU  •"  Winchesttir 
and  Swansey. 

ASHUEF-OT,  or  Aahwillet,  r.  N.  H.,  which 
runs  SW.  into  tlic  Connecticut,  in  Hinsdal(\ 

ASHVILLiu,  v.  Buncombe  co.  N.C;  520 
in.  irom  W. 

ASSAQUIN  CREEK,  r.  Virginia,  whicli 
runs  into  York  river,  between  Hanover  and 
New  Kent  counties. 

ASSINIBOINS,  or  Asseneboyne,  a  river  of 
North  America,  falling  into  the  SW.  end  of 


it  flows  i/ito  a  bay  of  flic  same  name.     Lon. 
:tr  20'  Vv.  hit.  2:rj  20'  N. 

ATll  AI'KSCOW,  a  lalie  in  the  N.  part  of 
British  America,  disehar^nnsj  its  waters  into 
Slave  Lake.      It  is  2ilO  in.  loiii;-. 

A'I'IIKNS,  f.  Soiuersef  co.  :\Ii;inc;  20  m. 
NM:.  Xorrid-rewiM  k.     I'op.  1,2(10. 

A'l  MENS,  t.  Windlnmco.  Vt. ;  26  m. SSE. 
Windsor.      I'op.  11.'*, 

ATiniNS,  l.tiieene  cn.  \.  Y.  on  W,  bank 
of  the  Hudson,  CDponile  iliiilson  city;  2H  in. 
S.  Albany,  :Vi,'>  liom  W,  I'op.  2,425.  It  is  a 
pleasant  and  tlouri>liing  town,  and  has  Fome 
muniitiicfures  i.\h\  eonsiilerablo  trade. 

ATHENS,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  125  m.  E. 
Co!uiiii)iis. 

A'i'HENS,  t.  Bradford  co.  Pa.,  at  tlic  con- 
tliix  of  tlic  Tiojra  and  Snsipu  liannah,  304  m. 
from  \V. 
A'I'HENS,  CO.  Olii.).  Pop.  n,7(;:i. 
ATHI;NS,  f.  anil  cap.  Alliens  co.  (thio:  41 
m.  W.  from  .Marii  Ita,  .■»2  in.  E.  from  t'liillico- 
tlie,  nnd  .'M7  m.  Irom  Wasliiii^loii.  Lon.  IK2^ 
7' W.  Lat.  .'1!»-^  2:J'  N.  It  is  situated  on  un 
elevated  peninsula,  formed  by  a  large  bend  of 
the  Hockhocking,  which  meaiKkrs  alwnt  the 
town,  'i'lic  situation  is  ]dcasant  and  healthy, 
and  co'mnands  an  extensive  prosjiect.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  a  jail,  and  about  40 
houses,  nnd  has  valuabki  mills  in  its  vicinity. 
— An  institution  is  established  here,  styled  tlio 
Ohio  University,  which  is  endowed  with 
4(1,000  acres  of"  land,  yielding  aliout  2,300 
(iollars  annually.  A  considcnible  part  of  this 
is  n[>propriato<l  to  the  support  of  an  academy, 
which  is  in  a  flourishing  state.  A  college  cdi- 
ficc  of  brick,  large  and  elegant,  was  erected 
in  1H17. 

ATHENS,  t.  Limestone  co.  Alabanm.  It 
is  situated  between  Ilimtsville  and  the  Muscle 
Shoals,  in  a  cenfral  part  of  the  comity,  and  ia 
the  present  seat  of  jiisli(re. 

ATHENS,  t.  Clarke  co.  Ceorgia;  7  m.  N. 
from  Wafkinsville,  ill  m.  WNW.  from  Au- 
gustii,  and  li)7  m.  NW.  from  Savannah.  Lat. 
35^  15'  N.  Pop.  1,100.  It  has  an  elevated, 
pleasant,  and  lienhhy  situation.  A  weekly 
n(;ws|)aper  is  published  here.  Franklin  College, 
which,  tojjether  with  the  incorporated  acade- 


Lakc  Winniix-g;  the  North-west  Fur  Trading!  mies  of  the  state,  is  styl'-'d  the  University  of 
ComiMiiy  have  a  house  on  the  south  bank  of 
the  river,  about  15  m.  above  its  entrance  into 
the  lake. 


Onrgia,  was  incor[)orated  and  established  at 
this  place  ill  IT.'r'l,  but  did  not  go  into  op«'ra- 


ASSONET,  v.  Bristol  co.  in  the  township  of 
Freetown,  Mass. ;  on  E.  side  of  Taunton  river ; 
tt  m.  S.  Taunton,  30  S.  Boston,  446  from  W. 

ASSUMPTION,  t.  and  settlement,  La- 
fourche; 50  m.S.  Baton  Rougr,  1,.35I  from  W. 
Pop.  5,400. 

ASTORIA,  settlement,  on  W.  coast  of  N. 
America,  on  S.  side  of  the  Coliunhia,  near  its 
mouth.  It  was  formed  alKiut  3  years  since  on 
ncconnt  of  the  fur  trade. 

ASYLUM,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa,  on  the  Sus- 
quelmnnali;  5i)  m.  NW.  Wilkesbarrc,  284 
from  W. 

ATCHAFAIiAYA,  on  outlet  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, which  it  leaves  3  m.  below  the  junction 
of  the  Red  river;  and  aflcr  a  course  of  1!(3  m. 


lion  till  1H03.  The  faculty  consists  of  a 
presicknt  and  six  professors.  The  libraries 
contain  4,500  vols.  The  students  in  1631 
were  it.5. 

ATHOL,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  on  Miller's 
river;  3.'1  m.  NW.  from  Worcester,  72  in. 
WNW.  from  Boston,  and  !2I)  m.  from  Wash- 
ington. Poji.  1.M25.  It  is  watered  by  Miller's 
river,  and  contains  manufactories  of  cotton 
nnd  pajMT. 

ATHOL,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  on  W.  side 
of  the  Hudson,  N.  of  Hadley,  and  fl  m.  N. 
li-om  Albany.     Pop.  !I0!). 

ATKINSON,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  20 
m.  \\'NW.  from  NewburyiKirt,  2!l  SW.  from 
Portsmouth,  nnd  4^'3  from  W.  Here  is  a  re- 
siM'ctablc  academy. 


'''i<M>k 


180 


ATS— AVO 


Vkt'  '  < 


ATSION,  ".  village  in  Biirlin|rton  co.  N.  J. 
30  ni.  E.  by  S.  frnin  l'iiila(lcl|)hin.  It  liontaiiis 
ncveral  iron  fbundcTicii. 

AITAKAFAS,  t.  Attiltopas  district,  Louis- 
iana; 1,412  m.  from  W. 

ATTAKAPAS,  diHtrict,  Louixinna,  on  tln' 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  W.  of  the  Atcluifalayu. 

ATTICA,  t  (Scnescc  co.  N.  Y.:  20  ni.  S. 
from  Batavio,  and  440  ni.  from  Wasiiington. 
Pop.  2,4K5. 

ATTLEBOROUGH,  t.  Bristol  co.  Ma-ss.; 
15  m.  WNW.  from  Taunton,  2.S  m.  SVV.  from 
Boston,  and  43H  m.  from  Waiiliin|rton.  Lon. 
71°  21'  VV.  Lat.  42=  N.  Pop.  3,215.  It  con- 
tains several  cotton  imd  woollen  iiictorios. 

ATTLEIK)ROU(;n,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.;  4 
m.  NW.  from  Bristol,  and  1U3  m.  from  Wui<li- 
ington. 

ATTLEBURY,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  352 
m.  from  Washington. 

ATWATER,  t  Portage  co.  Ohio;  140  m. 
NE.  of  Columbus. 

AUBURN,  t.  Susquclmnnah  co.  Pn. 

AUBURN,  two  towns,  in  Geauga  and  Rich- 
land counties,  Ohio. 

AUBURN,  t.  the  chief  town  in  ( 'ayuga  co, 
N.  Y.  169  m.  W.  from  Albany.  It  contiiins 
a  theological  seminary  antl  the  N.  York  Stale 
Prison.     Pop.  4,486. 

AUGLAIZE,  r.  a  branch  of  the  Maumce, 
Ohio. 

AUGUSTA,  t  and  cap.  Kenncbeck  co. 
Maine,  on  W.  bank  of  the  Keiuicbeck ;  2  m. 
N.  from  Hallowcll,  5G  m.  NNli  from  Port- 
land, 168  m.  NE.  from  Boston,  aiul  012  from 
Washington.  Pop.  3,980.  It  is  a  pleasant 
town,  and  contains  a  court-house,  n  jail,  a 
female  academy,  a  Congregational  meeting- 
house, a  printing-ollice,  a  bank,  and  has  con- 
siderable trade.  Here  is  an  elegant  bridge 
across  the  Kcnnelwck,  consisting  of  two 
arches,  each  180  feet.  The  river  is  navigable 
to  this  place  for  vessels  of  100  tons. 

AUGUSTA,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y,,  formed 
in  1817  from  a  part  of  Halfmoon. 

AUGUSTA,  t  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. ;  12  m. 
SW.  from  Utica,  and  40!)  m.  from  Washing 
ton.    Pop.  3,058. 

AUGUSTA,  t  Sussex  co.  N.  J. ;  224  m. 
from  Washington. 

AUGUSTA,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa.,  on 
E.  side  of  the  Susquchannah. 

AUGUSTA,  t  and  cap.  Bracken  co.  Ken 
tucky,  on  the  Ohio ;  22  ni.  below  Maysville ; 
60  m.  NE.  from  Lexington,  and  510  m.  from 
Washington.  It  is  a  very  jJeasant  town,  and 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy, 
and  a  meeting  liousc. 

AUGUSTA,  city,  and  cap.  Richmond  co. 
Georgia,  on  the  Savannah ;  73  m.  SW.  from 
Columbia,  87  m.  ENE.  from  Milledgevillc,  123 
m.  NNA\'.  from  Savannah,  138  m,  WNW. 
ftom  Charleston,  and  589  m.  from  Washing- 
ton. Lon.  80°  46'  W.  lat.  33°  19'  N.  Pop. 
in  1810,  2,476,  in  1818,  about  4,000,  and  in 
1830,  6,696.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
a  markct>house,  an  academy,  an  insurance 
office,  several  banks,  one  of  which  is  a  branch 
of  the  United  States  bank,  and  four  houses  of 


public  worship,  1  for  Presbyterians,  1  fbr 
Romnii  ('nfhoiics,  1  fbr  Episcopalians,  and  1 
tor  MetluHlists.  It  is  regularly  laid  out  and 
handsomely  built,  mostly  of  brick.  S«.'veral  of 
the  public  liuildings,  and  many  of  the  privnto 
houses,  arc  spacious  and  elegant  It  is  a  very 
flourishing  conmiorcial  town,  and  prnl)ai)ly 
his  OS  much  trade  as  any  «th<'r  \t\ncv  of  its 
size  in  the  United  States.  Immense  quantities' 
of  cotton,  considerable  tobacco,  and  some  -oUut 
kinds  of  produce  are  brought  to  Augusta  from 
the  back  coimtry,  and  conveyed  in  boats  down 
the  river  to  Savannah. 

AIKJUSTA,  a  county  of  the  W.  District  of 
Virginia,  near  the  centre  of  the  state,  suIkII- 
vided  into  N.  and  S.  Augusta.  Pop.  of  N,  A. 
!t,142,  of  S.  A.  10,783.  Staunton  is  the  scat 
of  justice  for  Iwth. 

AUGUSTA,  V.  Perry  co.  Mississippi;  73 
m.  SE.  from  Monticello. 

AUGUSTA,  V.  Montgomery  co.  Alab.  67 
m.  E.  from  Cahawba. 

AUCiUSTA,  t,  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

AUCJUSTINE,  St.  t  St  John's  co.  F,. 
Florida,  on  the  eastern  coai^t  It  was  formerly 
the  capital  of  the  whole  territory  of  Florida. 
The  town  stands  in  a  prairie  near  tlie  sen, 
with  a  gooil  harbor,  which  however  has  a 
shallow  entrance.  It  is  regularly  built  of  n 
stone  formed  by  the  concretion  of  sea-shells. 
One  of  the  churches  is  an  old  edifice  in  tJie 
(lotliic  style.  The  situation  of  tlie  town  is 
low,  bvit  pleasant.  In  the  neighborhood  arc 
numerous  groves  of  orange  trees.  Before  it 
came  into  tlie  {wssession  of  the  United  States, 
its  |)opulation  was  about  5,000.  Since  this 
f)criod  the  yellow  fever  has  made  its  ap|X'ar- 
ance,  and  the  population  has  diminished.  St. 
Augustine  is  310  m.  SSW.  of  Charleston,  in 
lat.  2!)°  45'  N.  lon.  81°  40'  W. 

AURELIUS,  t  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  173  m. 
W.  from  Albany,  on  Owasco  lake.  Pop.  2,767. 

AURELIUS,  t  Washington  co.  Ohio;  96 
m.  SE.  from  Columbus. 

AURIESVILLE,  v.  Montgomery  co.  N.  C. 
123  m.  SW.  from  Raleigh. 

AURORA,  t  Erie  co.  N.  Y.  175  m.  W. 
from  Albany.     Pop.  2,421. 

AURORA,  t  Portage  co.  Ohio;  140  m. 
NE.  fVom  Columbus. 

AURORA,  v.  Dearborn  ca  In.  25  m.  W. 
from  Cincinnati. 

AUSTERLITZ,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  J.  34 
m.  SE.  from  Albany.    Pop.  2,245. 

AUSTINBURY,  t  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio; 
lf)2  m.  NE.  from  Columbus;  has  a  number 
of  mills  and  woollen  manufactories. 

AUSTINTOWN,  t.  TrumbuU  co.  Ohio; 
160  m.  NE.  from  Columbus.    Pop.  1,259. 

AUSTINVILLE,  v.  Wythe  co.  Vo.  on  the 
Kanahwa. 

AVARYSVILLE,  t  Columbia  co. Georgia; 
609  m.  from  W. 

AVERY,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio;  409  m.  from  W. 

AVERYSBOROUGH,  t  Cumberland  co. 
N.  C,  on  Cape  Fear  rrver;  25  m.  N.  from 
Fayetteville,  35  S.from  Raleigh,  and  322  from 
W.    Lon.  78°  55'  W.  lat  35°  18'  N. 

AVON,  t.  Somerset  co.  Mc. ;  35  m.  NW. 


AVO— RAI 


181 


tcrlanH,  1  fbr 
palianH,  nnd  1 
y  laid  out  and 
uk.   Soverul  of 

of  tlic  privalo 
it    It  is  a  very 

aiid  prol)al)ly 
KT  placir  of  ilH 
icnoc  quantitiip 
md  soiiK"  oUitT 
»  AupuHta  from 
1  ui  boats  down 

\V.  District  of 

he  state,  sidnli- 

Pop.  of  N.  A. 

ton  is  the  scat 

Mississippi;  "2 

ry  CO.  Alab.  67 

CO.  Ohio. 

John's   CO.    K. 

It  was  formerly 
itory  of  Florida, 
ic  near  the  stu, 

however  has  a 
iilnrly  built  of  a 
ion  of  sca-shclls. 
Id  edifice  in  Uie 
1  of  tlie  town  is 
icigliborhood  arc 
trees.  Before  it 
lie  United  States, 
000.  Since  thin 
made  its  apjx-ar- 

diminished.    St. 

of  Charleston,  in 

V. 

o.  N.  Y.  173  m. 

lake.  Pop.  2,767. 
jon  CO.  Ohio;  96 

gomery  co.  N.  C. 

.  Y.  175  m.  W. 

).  Ohio;  140  m. 

».  In.  25  m.  W. 

ibia  CO.  N.  J.  34 

2,245. 

tabula   CO.  Ohio; 

s;  has  a  number 

ictoricB. 

jmbuU  CO.  Ohio; 

,    Pop.  1,259. 

he  CO.  Va.  on  the 

imbia  co. Georgia; 

o;  409  m.  from  W. 
.  Cumberland  co. 
;  25  m.  N.  from 
;igh,  and  322  from 

5°  18'  N. 

Mc;  35  m.  NW. 


(h)m    Norrld^wock,  and    210  NNK.   from 
IJottton.    Poji.  7'l.'». 

A\<  >N,  t.  ( tntario  co.  N.  Y.,  on  K.  side  of 
tlic  ( lent  sec;  til  m.  VV.  from  ( 'anaiiilai^ua,  and 
'M)  from  NV. 

AVON,  t.  I.iviiiirston  en.  N.  Y.  U.lfi  m.  W. 
Iroiii  Alltuiiy.     Pop.  2,'M'd. 

AVON,  t.  Lorain  co.  (Hiio;  146  m.  NE. 
from  ( oimiibus. 

AVOYKI.M'IS,  a  parish  in   the  wcsti-m 
district  of  I^uiHiana,  iK-twroii  tin-  MissisKi|i|)i, 
Red   and    Atciialiilaya    rivers.     It    produces  int.)  lake  Superior  alwut  midway  between  the 
;rrcat  quantities  of  cotton.  Pop.  .'J,t."<H.  Marks-  falls  of  St.  Mary  and  Ked  river, 
villc  i.s  the  chief  town.     Lon.  Ui-  5(1'  W.  lati      HACK  ('UIOI''.K,  an  arm  of  the  Chcsapooke 
31'  21'  N.  I  bay,  in  Cecil  co.  .Md.    The  wist  end  of  tlie 

AVOYELLES,  district,  Louisiana,  S.  from  ClKsajieake  and  JXlaware  ('anal  empties  into 
Red  river.  Hack  Cnek. 

AVOYELLES,  t.  Avoyelles  district,  Louis-      HACK-CIIEEK   VALLEY,  v.   Frederick 
iana,  altout  5G  m.  from  tlie  Mihsissippi,  and  co.  Va. 
VXi'2  from  W.  H.\C()\  CASTLE,  v.  Surry  co.  Va.  74  m. 


BACHELOR'S  HALL,  v.  Tioga  co.  Pa.; 
2r>*J  m.  fro.n  W. 

H\CHErA)R'S  RETREAT,  v.  Pendleton 

CO.  S.  C. ;  .')7H  in.  from  W. 

HACK,  short  navigable  river  and  inlet,  Bal- 
timore CO.  Md.,  wliicli  communicates  with  llie 
(^licHaiieakc,  4  in.  N.  of  tlie  Patapsco;  10  m. 
long. 

BACON  CASTLi:,  v.  Surry  co.  Va. ;  197 
m.  from  W. 

BACIIOCAXON,  river  of  I'.  Canada,  fulls 


AURELIUS,  t.  and  cap.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y. 
on  E.  side  of  Cnyuga  lake  ;  175  ni.  W.  from 
Albany,  and  .•JHa  from  W.  I'op.  4,042.  It 
contains  3  post-villages.  Auburn,  (/'ayuga,  and 
I'liion  S|)riiigs,  and  lias  an  academy.  Auburn 
is  the  scat  of  justice  for  the  county.  This  is 
a  wealthy  and  flourishing  town. 

Al'ROUA,  t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y. 

AURORA,  V.  in  Scipio,  N.  Y.,  on  tlic  E. 
side  of  Cayuga  lake ;  10  m.  SW.  from  Auburn, 
and  378  from  W.  It  is  a  pleasant  and  flour- 
ishing viUage,  and  has  an  academy. 

AUROILV,  t  Portage  co.  Ohio;  347  in. 
from  W. 

AUSTENVILLE,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio. 

AUSTERLI'r/,  t  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  315 
m.  from  W. 

AUSTIN,  t  Trumbull  co.  Ohio. 

Austlnburg,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  on  Grand 
river;  8  m.W.  from .leircrson,imd  302  from  W. 

AUSTINSVILLE,  t.  Wythe  co.  Va.  on  the 
Kcnhawa;  16  iii.  N.  from  Greensville,  and 
360  from  W. 

AUSTINTOVVN,  t  Warren  co.  Ohio ;  290 
m.  from  W. 

AUSTIN'S  CREEK,  r.  Georgia,  which 
runs  into  tlic  Savannoli,  about  12  in.  NW. 
from  Savannah. 

AU-VASE,  r.  Illinois,  which  flows  into  the 
Mississippi,  55  m.  above  the  Ohio.  It  is  navi- 
gable for  boats  60  m.  tlirough  a  fine  prairie 
country. 

AYERSTOWN,  t  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  on 
Ancocus  creek;  13  m.  SE.  from  Burlington. 

AYLETTS,  V.  King  WiUiam  co.  Va.;  120 
in.  from  W. 

AYRESBURY,  v.  N.  J.  on  tlie  Muscone- 
cimk. 

B. 

BAAL'S  RIVER,  in  West  Greenland, 
empties  in  lon.  50=-  10'  W.  laL  6-P  30'  N. 

BACALAL,  lake,  Mexico,  in  Yucatan,  36 
m.  SW.  fi-om  Valladolid. 

BACANO  BAY,  on  tlic  S.  coast  of  Cuba, 
I/»n.  743  59'  W.  laL  20°  6'  N. 

BACHELDOR,  L  Oxford  co.  Mc.,  20  m. 
W.  from  Paris. 


SE.  from  Richmond. 

BAFFIN'S  HAY',  the  most  northern  gulf 
or  bay  that  has  yet  been  discovered  in  Nortli 
Aineriea.  It  extends  licyond  the  78tli  ilegree 
of  N.  lat.  and  conununicatcs  with  the  Atlantic 
occiui  through  Davis's  Straits.  On  the  W. 
side  of  tiiis  bay,  in  lat.  74^  is  Lancaster's 
Sound,  tlirough  which  Lieut.  Parry,  in  tlie 
summers  of  1819  and  182(1,  discovered  a 
passage  into  the  polar  sea.  He  |)cnclrated  as 
far  as  the  longitude  of  IKP  47'  W.  from 
Greenwich,  lietween  the  parallels  of  74^  and 
75'  N.  lat.  where  his  further  progress  was  ar- 
rested by  the  ice. 

BA(:;ADUCE  POINT,  cape  in  Penobscot 
bay.  Me. 

BAHAMA  CHANNEI,,  or  Gulf  of  Florida, 
the  narrow  sea  between  tlic  coast  of  America 
and  the  Baliaina  islands,  1,35  in.  long  and  46 
broad.  The  currents  here  are  most  violent, 
and  vessels  are  frccjuently  wrecked  in  passing 
through  this  strait. 

BAHAMA  BANK,  Great,  a  sand-bank  ex- 
tending from  near  the  island  of  Cuba  lat.  22° 
20'  to  the  Bahama  islands  lat.  26=  15'  N.  A 
.nailer  bank  of  tliis  name  lies  N.  of  the 
island  of  Bahama. 

BAHAMA,  or  Lncayoa  Islanda,  in  the  At- 
lantic ocean,  op|K)site  the  coast  of  Florida, 
lying  N.  of  Cuba  and  St.  Domingo,  bc 
twecn  21°  and  28=  N.  lat.  and  71'  and  81  => 
W.  lon.  They  have  been  estimated  at  500, 
but  of  these  a  great  proportion  are  nothing 
more  than  cliffs  and  rocks.  The  principal  are 
Bahama,  FJleuthera,  Exuma,  Providence,  Gua- 
nahani,  or  St  Salvador,  and  Turk's  island. 
The  climate  is  in  general  salubrious.  The 
numljer  of  slaves  uiwn  the  whole  islands,  ac- 
cording to  a  return  made  to  Parliament  in 
1823,  was  10,108,  and  the  white  {lopulatioii 
probably  amounts  to  about  4,000. 

BAIHA  HONDA,  port  of  the  N.  side  of 
the  island  of  Cuba.  Lat  20°  58'  N. ;  60  m. 
SW.  by  W.  from  Havanna. 

BAILEYSBURG,  v.  Surry  co.  Va.  70  m. 
SR  from  Richmond. 

BAINBRIDGE,  formorlv  Jericho,  t.  Clie- 
nango  co.  N.  Y. ;  20  m.  ,S.  from  Norwich,  120 


isa 


ij.M— lur. 


I',.,.. 


1^1 


k!<  ■    ( 


ai 


WSW.  from  Albany,  and  IW  (Vnin  W 
3,040. 

UAINBRIIXiK,  f.  Ro«s  co.  Ohio,  on  P.iii.t 
cnu'k;  IH  ni.  \VS\\'.  from  ('liillir^ollic,  anil 
425  from  W.  It  contains  a  lorjjc  aiiil  sonir 
otluT  niillH. 

HAlNHiniKJi;,  V.  Franklin  ro.  Aliili.  on 
the  'IVnncsscf,  .)  rn.  alM)V('  Moniicc 

«AINIJKIIH;I;,  IWt,  inht  on  Ihc  NW. 
coast  of  Amirica.  J,on.  x!|-J^  Hi'  K.  laf,  o'J^ 
55' N. 

BAINBRIDT.r:,  t.  f  Jiuipa  ro.  Oiiio. 

BAIKD'S  l"OR(JK,  v.  I5uriio  to.  N.  C; 
507  m.  from  W. 

BAIRU'S  TAVKUN,  v.  15nckinirl,;im  to. 
Va. ;  a02  m.  from  W. 

BAIRDS'I'OWN,  t.  and  cap.  Nelson  ro. 
Kentucky,  on  Ikrcli  Fork  river ;  10  m.  SW. 
from  Frankfort,  (iO  WSVV.  from  l.cxinjrton, 
and  615  from  W.  T,on.  H(i^  H>'  W.  i.il.  'M 
4!i'  N.  Pop.  820.  It  is  a  tlourisliin^r  <"wm, 
and  contains  a  coiirt-lionsc,  a  jail,  a  market- 
house,  a  church,  and  a  hank. 

BAKER,  a  county  in  the  SW.  p;irt  of 
Georgia. 

BAKERSTOWN,  v.  Allcphany  co.  Pn.  13 
m.  N.  from  Pittsburp. 

BAKER'S  FALLS,  on  the  Hudson,  bn- 
twcen  Kinpsbury  and  INlorcaii,  .W  in.  aliovc 
Albany.   The  descent  is  7(5  feet  within  (10  rods. 

BAKER'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  the  At- 
lantic,  near  the  coast  of  Maine.  Lon.  70^  47' 
W.  lat  44^5  34'  N. 

BAKER'S  ISLAND,  isl.  Mass.,  off  Salem 
harbor,  opposite  Maneiicster,  fhret;  eiirlillis  of  a 
mile  lonjj;  5  m.  ENE.  from  Saliin.  'I'liero  is 
a  lipht-houfe  on  the  north  end. 

BAKER'S  RIVER,  r.  N.  IL  which  runs 
SE.  into  the  Merrimack,  in  Plvmoutli. 

BAKERSFIE:LD,  t.  Fr.mklin  co.  Vt. ;  IS 
m.  NNW.  from  MontiJcHcr,  and  520  from  W. 
Pop.  1,087. 

BAKERSVILLE,  t.  Patrick  co.  Va. ;  14  m. 
from  Henry  C.  H.  and  321  from  \V. 

BALD  EAGLE,  i.  Pa.  which  rises  in 
Centre  co.,  and  passing  throujrh  MiHlin  a!id 
Lycoming  counties,  after  a  cours*;  of  50  m. 
runs  into  W.  branch  of  the  Susquchaimah, 
about  12  m.  W.  of  Jersey  Slior*". 

BALD  EAGLE  MOUNTAINS,  in  Pa.; 
200  m.  W.  from  Philadelphia,  ''he  valley 
below  on  the  E.  side  is  called  Bald  Eajj^le 
Valley,  or  Sinking  Spring  Valley.  It  is  very 
pleasant,  and  remarkable  for  a  i)henomeiion 
called  the  Swallows,  which  absorb  several 
large  streams  and  discharge  them  again,  after 
a  subterraneous  passage  of  several  miles. 
The  valley  is  5  m.  wide,  on  the  frontiers  of 
Bedford  county. 

BALD  EAGLE,  t.  Centre  co.  Pa. 

BAI.D  EA(;LE,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa. 

BATiD  head,  jioint  in  Norton  Sound,  on 
the  NW.  coaiit  of  N.  America.  Lat.  64=>  43' 
N.  lon.  84^  42'  W. 

BALD  HEAD,  head  land  SW.  side  of 
Wells  bay  in  Miune.  Lon.  80°  35'  W.  lat. 
43°  N. 

BALD  HEAD,  SW.  end  of  Smith's  island. 


af  the  mouth  of  C'aiK'  Fenr  river,  N.  ('.  If 
has  a  liu'lit-house ;  21  ni.  NNW.  from  Frviiii: 
I'lin  shr.al.     Lon.  7>"  13'  W.  lat.  .33  '  51'  N. 

IIALI)  MOFNTAINS,  inonntains  of  .V. 
America,  which  linund  'reimessee  to  the  I!. 
Lon.  KJ    :i.V  \V.  Lit.  :i.V  5(1'  N. 

UALDUj.N.  I.  Cntnherhind  co.  Maine;  K) 
m.  NW.  from  Portland,  l.-)()  NNE.  from  \U. 
ten,  and  5f^3  from  W.     Pop.  !) 47. 

UALDWIX,  CO.  central  part  of  (aor^ia. 
Pop.  7,3S'I.     Chief  town,  .Milledgeville. 

HALDWIN,  CO.  Alabama,  thief  town, 
Fort  Stodd.ird.     Pop.  2,321. 

HALI)\VI,\SVH,Li;,  V.  Colnmhia  co.  Geo. 

li  \M)\VI.\S\  ILLK,  v.Oiionilaga  co.N.V. 
153  ni.  from  W. 

liALIXI!,  liie  ]iriiiei|)al  entrance  at  the 
month  of  tiie  .Mississippi,  100  m.  Im'Iow  Xcw 
Orleans,  1377  m.  from  W  Long.  H'P  30'  W, 
Lat.  2:) '  0'  N.  Here  are  a  fort  and  iKist-oiricr. 
in  Platpiemine  CO.  On  its  hanks  the  Englisii 
have  their  principal  estahlishments  (or  cntlint; 
down  mahog;iny,  some  of  whicli  are  200  in. 
almve  the  month  of  I'l'  river. 

BALLAIJD'S  Hk|iw;i;,  t.Chowan  co.  N. 
C.  by  post-road  IHO  m.  NE.  from  Raleigh. 

BALLARD'S  ("API;,  |)art  of  the  island  nf 
Newlbimdland.  Lat.  4r,-'  35'  N. ;  long.  24^  31 
E.  from  W. 

BALLSTON,  t.  and  caj). Saratogo  co.  NY. 
2-^  m.  N.  fro)n  Albany,  3!»0  m.  from  W.  Pop. 
2,113.  In  this  township  there  is  a  court-house, 
a  jail,  an  academy,  and  (J  hou.scs  for  puhlii: 
worsliip. 

HALLSTON-SPA,  v.  partly  in  Ballston,  l.nl 
ehieily  in  Milton,  N.  Y.;  2(1'' m.  N.  from  Al- 
bany, from  \V.  '.i'Xi  m.  It  has  a  court-house, 
two  printing-offices,  a  l)ook-store,  with  wliicli 
are  connected  a  circulating  library  and  a  read- 
ing-room ;  an  acatlemy,  and  2  houses  f<)r  ]inl)- 
lie  worship,  oiu;  for  Episcopalians,  and  one  tor 
Baptists.  This  place  is  fimous  for  its  mineral 
waters,  which  are  nmch  frequented  by  the  gay 
and  fashionable  during  the  months  of  July  ami 
August.  Hence,  in  addition  to  several  inns, 
there  are  three  large  bonrding-houses  e.vpressly 
designed  for  the  acconmiodnfion  of  strangers. 
The  waters  pos.s<'ss  a  slinndating  and  refresh- 
ing qtiality.  I'ndcr  the  exhaustion  of  heat  and 
tatijrue,  nothing  can  Ik?  more  agreeable  and 
reviving  to  the  system.  As  a  powerful  remedy 
also  in  many  diseases,  they  are  well  known  and 
highly  celebrated.  Letters  intended  for  ])or- 
sons  residing  at  the  s[)rings,  should  be  direct- 
cd  to  Hallston-Spa,  as  there  is  another  ])ost- 
otfiee  in  the  town  of  Ballston,  at  some  distance 
from  the  village.     Pop.  l.flOD. 

HALLSVILLE,  t.  Powhatan  eo.  V.a. 

B A  L'Pl  ,M(  )R  E,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  1 1  m.  SW. 
from  Windsor.     Pop.  in  IHIO,  207. 

RALTI.MORE,  hundred,  Suss(!.v  eo.  Del. 
Pop.  2,057. 

BALTIMORE,  eo.  Md.  on  tlie  W  side  of 
Chesapeake  bay,  N.  of  Patopsco  r.  Chief  town, 
Baltimore.  Pop.  exclusive  of  the  city  and  ita 
precincts,  40,251. 


n.\i^i{A[< 


183 


ivrr,  N.  <'.     It 
V.  Iroiii  KrviiiL' 
If.  M:r  f)!' N. 
oiiiitiiinti  of  N'. 
I'ssco  to  thu  F„ 

I  vn.  Mninc;  III 

.'M;.  from  lios. 

147. 

art  of  (!i'or(;iii. 

(■(I}rcvillc. 

X.    t'lii(!t'  town, 

iliinil)ia  CO.  fJco. 
loiuliipi  CO.  N.  Y. 

■niriinrc  at  the 
(  III.  Im'Iow  New 
,nnir.  Hit  ^  :«)■  U . 
rt  iiiiil  nost-otriir, 
inks  tlio  Knirlisli 
nciils  tor  ciittiiij; 
hicli  arc  200  iii. 

t.  Chowan  co.  N. 
roin  KnlciRh. 
t  of  tlic  island  of 
N.;  long.  2 15  31 

■5arato<To  co.  N  Y. 
n.  from  W.  Pop. 
f  is  a  court-hoiiHf, 
houses  for  imiilii: 

ly  in  Rallstoii,  liiit 
i"  111.  N.  from  Al- 
ias a  court-limisc, 
store,  with  which 
ihrary  and  a  rend- 
2  iiouses  for  piili- 
ilians,  and  one  Hir 
uis  for  its  mineral 
iiented  hy  tlie  -ray 
iionlhsofJuly  ami 
n  to  several  inns, 
(j-liouses  exiiressly 
itioii  of  straiiKerx. 
atinff  and  reiresh- 
iistion  of  heat  and 
ire   airreeahle  and 

powerful  remedy 
re  well  known  and 

intended  for  jK-r- 
I,  should  he  dirert- 

•  is  another  [lost- 

,  at  Bonic  distance 

itan  CO.  Va. 
reo.Vt.Um.SW. 

0,  207. 
Sussex   CO.  I)el. 

on  the  W   fide  of 

iscor.   Thief  town, 

wf  the  city  and  its 


llAl.TlMOlli;  AM)  IJri  KNVllKJ.VS. 


HAl/riM<»Hi;,  eily,  and  port  of  entry,  Hal-' 
tiinore  eo.  Md.  is  on  the  N.  sidi^  of  i'litapseo  r. 
II  III.  t'ioiii  its  eiitriiiice  into  Chesapeake  hay  ;, 
.in  in.  NK.  from  W.  KM)  S\V.  ihnn   I'liilad'el- 
phia,  1!H)  .S\V.  from  New  Vnrk,  UMI  S\V.  from 
Jloslon,  KiO  M::.  from  iJiehiiiond,  2:)l)   K.SK. 
from  I'ittshiirir,  .")!»(!  NNH.  from  Cliarleston. 
J,on.7(i    ;Jti  \V.;  lat.;r.P  17  N.  IV.ii.ofthe  eity 
and    pneincts,  17!tU,    r.i,rMi;    1^(1(1,   :2r.,II.");! 
i-^IO,  4ti,;).J.");  1."'20,  «i2,7:i^  and  IS'IO,  M),(i2."). 
Haltinion:  is  well  situated  for  coinmeree.    It  is' 
connect<'d  hy  jroofl  turnpike  roads  wilii  various 
parts  of  Pennsylvania,  and  with  thi'  navifjahle 
waters  which  run  into  the  Ohio.     It  jxissesses 
the  trade  of  Maryland,  and  of  a  jjreat  portion 
of  the  hack  country  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the 
western  states.     In  amount  of  shippiiifr,  it  is| 
the  third  city  in  the  Union.    It  is  the  im'iitesl , 
flour  market  in  the  U.  States.     In  its  immedi- : 
ate  nciffhhorhood  are  ahout  (iO  Hour  mills,  a  | 
sinjjle  one  of  whieli  has  produced  ;12,(H}0  har- 1 
rels  in  a  year.     There  are  also  a  nuiiiher  of 
estahlishments  for  the  manufacture  of  cloth, 
cotton,  pajK-r,  jKiwder,  iron,  &,e.     The  city  is  j 
hiiill  around  a  hay,  whieli  sets  up  ii'oiii  the  I 
north  side  of  the  Palajisco,  and  alliirds  a  sim- 
eious    and    convenient    harhor.     The    strait 
wliich  connects  the  hay  with  tlie  river  is  very| 


narrow,  scarcely  a  pistol-shot  acrosH,  and  in 
well  (It  liiided  hy  Fort  M'lleiiry.  A  small 
riv(  r,  called  Jones'  Falls,  empties  into  the  north 
side  of  the  harlnir,  and  divides  the  city  into 
two  parts,  called  the  town  and  Fell's  Point, 
whieli  are  connected  hy  hridjjes.  At  FcH'h 
Point,  the  water  is  deep  enoujjh  for  vessels  of 
.">00  or  (100  tons,  hut  none  lar^^er  than  200  ton.s 
can  {TO  uj)  to  the  town.  Haltiiiiorc  contaiiifi 
the  state  penitentiary;  the  city  and  county 
alms-house;  a  court-house;  2  museums;  2 
theatres ;  a  custom-hou.se ;  a  hosjiital,  in  wliich 
tliere  is  a  tine  colleelioii  of  anatomical  prcpa> 
rations  in  wax  ;  an  cxclian^re,  on  immense  edi- 
fice of  four  stories;  5  market-houses;  10 
hanks,  Aii  houses  of  jiuhlic  worship,  a  public 
lihrary,  a  lunatic  asylum,  an  ohservatory,  and 
several  elcirant  imhlie  fountains.  A  marble 
monument  to  the  memory  of  general  Wash- 
iiiUton  has  been  erected  on  an  elevation  at  tlio 
north  end  of  Charles  street.  The  base  is  50 
ft  et  square,  and  'S.i  feet  hijrh,  on  which  is  an- 
other  stjiiare  of  about  half  the  extent  and  clc 
vation.  On  this  is  a  lolly  column,  20  feet  in 
diameter  at  the  base,  and  It  at  the  top.  On 
the  summit  of  this  column,  1C3  feet  from  tiio 
ground,  Uie  statue  of  Washington  is  placed. 


UAI-TIMUKU  L.VLlIAWi;  AMJ  MONUMENT. 


1R4 


BAI^HAU 


M^:^.! 


t 


% 


TIh'  niittlc  Monunuint,  rrcctcil  to  tlio  nicm- 
ory  ol' tliDw;  who  ti'll  in  liriivdy  dcfi  iidiiiL''  tlirir 
ciiy  from  tin;  altuck  ot'llio  liritisli  on  llir  \'2ih 
ntid  l.'Hh  of  S<;|it.  IhM,  is  a  liiinilsoiix-  ntnic- 
tiirc  of rnurblo,  xitUiitrd  on  u  liir^rr  H(|uiirr  in 
North  ('iilvrrt  Btnct.  'I'Ik;  city  is  trriicriiily 
well  built.  The  hoiisrs  arc  cliictly  of  brick  ; 
ninny  of  thcin  arc  hnndHmne,  nnd  sonu'  f*|>l(  n- 
did.  The  HtrcL'ts  intrrscct  each  other  at  rifrlit 
an|r|cH.  Haltiniorn  in  supfilied  with  water  ta- 
ken from  th(!  JoneB*  falls,  and  ronve3'cd  to  re- 
Bcrvoirs,  whence  it  in  distributed  to  every  part 
of  the  city.    There  are  several  lit<  rary  insti 


tutionR  in  thin  city.     A  medical  colitse  wan  20'  N. 


nA.MSTKH,  V.  Mulirux  co.  Vu.  1  tO  in.  SW. 

troiii  KielitniiiKJ, 

HANK'S  ISLAM),  near  the  N\V.  eim^t  of 
Aiiierieii,  alM)nt  fit)  in.  Inn;;  nnd  ■'>  broad.  I.11M. 
lyil '  I.V  to  \'M)    10'  \V. ;  lat.  .I.'t    IW  N. 

HAI'TISTOW.N',  V.  Hunterdon  eo.  N.J.  ;ti) 
in.  NW.  frnin  Trenton. 

BARA('<)A,atownon  the  Nl).  const  ofCuli.i 
with  agofxl  h.irlKir  Ibr  small  vt  ssi  Is,  1(  m.  V.SW. 
of  .'^t.  Jajyo  do  Cuba.  Lon.  71^  I'J'  W.;  iul. 
20^  .W  N. 

llAlfATAIHA,  hay,  or  (rulf,  I.onisiann,  18 
111.  lonjr  from  N.  to  S.     IxMi.  UU^  W.;  hit.  •J'J' 


founded  m  1H07.  In  1812  the  institution  was 
cnlarjjcd,  and  received  a  new  charter.  It  is 
now  Btylcd  the  University  of  Maryliind,  and 
embraces  the  dcjiartments  of  Innjjuatrcs,  arts, 
sciences,  medicine,  law,  and  divinity.  The 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  rail-road  extends  from  Uiis 
city  to  the  Ohio  river  at  Pittsburjr,  .300  m.    It 


IIAUATAKIA,  r.  Tiouisiana,  which  runsS. 
into  a  bay  of  tlu;  same  name. 

IIAKATAUIA,  isl.  on  N.  side  of  the  (iiilt" 
of  IMexieo,  at  the  enfrnnco  of  Uaratiiria  bay; 
.W  III.  NW.  from  IJnIi/e.  Lat.  2!P  N.  It  Ir  a 
healthy  island  and  a  strong;  military  jioHition, 
and  alVords  a  safe  and  eapaeious   harlxir  fur 


was  begun  in  lM2H,  and  a  frreat  |K)rtioii  of  it  is  merchant  vessels,  and  li^ht  sliijiB  of  war. 
already  comjileted.  There  are  several  viaducts  I  IL\J{  ATARI  A,  a  hay  011  the  coast  of  I,oui. 
and  embankments  in  its  coiirw!  near  Haiti-  ninna,  near  the  month  of  the  Mississijipi,  niir- 
more,  substantially  built  of  irraiiite,  and  a  deep  romuled  by  a  tlat  marshy  count-y.  Hoats  con 
cut  tlirce  quarters  of  a  mile  loii;r  and  70  fe(!t !  pass  from  the  Mississipjii  at  New  Orleans, 
deep.  Many  cars  are,  already  in  operation 'throii(;h  this  liny  to  the  sen.  This  was  for- 
upon  the  rail-road.  Sonie  of  tiiem  are  drawn  inerly  a  jrrciit  resort  for  pirates. 
by  horse  power,  some  driven  by  steam,  nnd  j  HAHHAHOKS,  one  of  the  ( 'ariblMns,  nnd 
some  by  wind.  The  ears  with  sails  jjo  some- 1  the  most  eastern  of  the  W.  India  islands.  I,ii1, 
times  2.5  miles  an  hour,  aiwl  can  lie  within  4  I'P  10'  N. ;  Ion.  .')!)-'  W.  The  earl  of  Mnrj. 
imints  of  the  wind.  The  whole  distance  troni  liorouijh  obtained  from  .lames  I.  a  prnnt  ot'liic 
lialtiinore  to  Pittsburg,  when  completed,  will  island,  in  ll'i21,  an<l  laid  the  foundation  of 
be  travelled,  according  to  estimation,  by  horse  James  Town.  It  is  21  in.  loiitr,  M  broad,  and 
IKJwer  in  30  hours,  nnd  by  steam  in  20.  An- 1  contains  Kid  sq.  ins.  or  10(!,170  acres.  It  liis 
other  rail-road  has  been  coiniiienced,  to  extend  ;  20  lengues  K.  oi'.St.  \'iiie(  nt,  2;»  from  St.  I.miii, 
from  Baltimore  to  York  Haven  on  the  Sus-  2H  SE.  from  Martinieo,  (iO  Nl).  from  Trinidad, 
quchanna,  (iO  m 


BALTIMORE,  New,  t.  (Jrecnc  co.  N.  Y.  20 
m,  S.  from  Albany,  on  !he  Hudson.  l'o|i.  2,.'J70. 

BAI.TIMORE,  New,  larquier  co.  Va.  45 
ijn.  from  W. 

BALTIMORE,  t.  Sussex  co.  Del.  eompris- 
inp  the  hundreds  of  Dagsborough,  Indian  River, 
Lewes,  Rehoboth,  and  Broad  Kiln. 

BANtiOR,  t.  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.  204  m.  NW. 
from  Albany.    Pop.  1076. 

BANGOR,  t.  and  cap.  Penobscot  co.  Maine, 
on  the  W.  side  of  Penobscot  r.  at  the  head  of 
navigation,  35  m.  N.  from  Casline,  and  52  from 
Owl's  IIc<ad,  at  the  mouth  of  Penobscot  bay. 
Pop.  2868.  It  is  not  open  for  shipping  during 
the  winter,  but  at  otlicr  seasons  it  is  of  very 
easy  access  for  vessels  of  almost  any  size,  and 
the  river  is  open  at  all  times  witlim  12  m.  to 
Frankfort.  Bangor  is  the  natural  market  for 
a  large  portion  of  the  interior  of  Maine.  It  is 
a  flourishing  place,  nnd  contains  a  court-house, 
bank,  and  printing-office.  A  theological  sem- 
inary was  oix;ned  here  in  1815,  styled  "  The 
Maine  Charity  School."  It  is  under  the  direc- 
tion of  2  professors  and  a  preceptor.  Its  de- 
sign is  to  prepare  young  men  for  the  ministry 
by  a  shorter  course  of  study  than  is  usual. 
The  qualifications  for  admission  arc  a  know- 
ledge of  English  grammar,  aritlnnctic,  liatin 
grammar,  and  some  acquaintance  with  the 
Latin  classics.  The  term  of  study  is  four  years. 


and  100  SM.  from  St.  Christo[ilier'8.  It  is  di- 
vided into  5  districts  and  11  parishes;  chief 
town,  Bridgetown.  Pop.  in  iHll,  1(),28!J  whites, 
3,.'{!)2  free  people  of  c<)!<ir,  ((2,258  slaves;  jircs- 
ent  free  poinilation,  altout  20,000.  In  IHIO, 
the  imports  were  f.'ll  1,400 ;  exports,  X'271,.')97. 
Owing  to  the  hurricanes,  the  iiopulation  and 
produce  of  the  island  have  dimnnshed.  From 
1740  to  178(i,  the  annual  exjiorts  declined  from 
13,!)48  hogsheads  of  sugar  to  !t,.5.j4;  from  12,f<fl 
puncheons  of  rum  to  5,448,  &.c. 

BARBARA,  St.  a  town  on  the  W.  coast  of 
North  America,  capital  of  a  jurisdiction  of  its 
name.  It  stands  in  a  rugged,  barren  country, 
but  has  a  good  roadstead.  Ix)n.  119°  17'  W.; 
lat.  340  54'  N. 

BARBARY,  v.  Rowan  co.  N.C.  134  in.  W, 
from  Raleigh. 

BARBP:,  St.  a.  town  of  Mexico,  in  New  Bis- 
cay, near  which  are  rich  silver  mines.  It  is 
500  ni.  NW.  of  Mexico.  Lon.  107°  5'  W.; 
lat.  2(;o  N. 

BARBER'S,  V.  Fauquier  co.  Vn. 

BAR  HOUR  VILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Knox  en. 
Ky.  556  in.  from  W.    Pop.  55. 

BARBOURRVILLE,  v.  Orange  co.  Va.;  67 
m.  NAV.  fVom  Richmond. 

BARBUDA,  one  of  the  Leeward  Islands,  in 
the  West  Indies,  20  m.  long,  and  10  broad.  It 
has  a  good  road  for  shipfiing,  but  no  direct 
trade  to  Britain.     The  inhabitants  arc  cliicfly 


i 


J 


BAR— DA  R 


185 


'a.  140  in.  SW. 

'  NW.  riMiKt  of 
fi  l)roii(l.    I. (Ill, 

lonco.  N.J.  30 

K.  count  oi'(  'iilia 
stls.idii.  KNK. 
13  AS  VV.;  lut. 

f,  LniiiMinnn,  18 
Ua  \\'.;  lut. '-."J^ 

i,  which  ruiiH  S. 

niiln  of  the  (Juif 
f  Unriitariii  l>ay; 
.  2!P  N.  It  is  u 
iiilitury  iKwilioii, 
[lioiis  Imrlwr  for 
liijiH  of  wnr. 
li(,'  const,  of  Ijoui. 

MisBissippi,  nur- 
mt"y.  Hf>!it'*  ''iui 
ttt  Nrw  ( )rlcanH, 
..  This  was  for. 
Ics. 

(•  CarihlM't's,  and 
idia  islaiuls.  Lnt, 
'lie  tarl  of  Mnrl- 
s  I.  a  prnntortlic 
hi!  foundation  ot" 
iiitj,  14  broail,  ami 
171)  acres.     It  liis 

'2'i  frniii  St.  liUciu, 

!•;.  from  Triniilad, 

oplier'B.     It  isdi- 

parishes ;  chief 

11,  1(V.JH;»  whites, 

!,-J.5S  slavcB ;  pros- 

s>o,ooo.   Ill  iHin. 

xports,  £271,597. 
10  ponulation  and 
liiniuished.  From 
lorls  declined  from 
ii,.").")4;  from  l:2,f<f'l 
&c. 

in  the  W.  coafit  of 
jurisdiction  of  its 
(1,  barren  country, 
x)n.  119°  17'  W.; 

N.  C.  134  m.  W. 

cxico,  in  New  Bis- 
ilver  mines.  It  is 
Lon,  107°  5'  W.; 

CO.  Va. 

nd  cap.  Knox  co. 

Orange  co.  Va.  i  87 

.ecward  Islands,  in 
,  and  10  broad.  It 
iuff,  but  no  direct 
abitants  arc  duefly 


employed  in  raisdng  corn,  and  bnedinif  eatth 
tiir  tin:  urn!  of  the  neiirhboriii^;  islaiidM.     It  is 
■|.)  III.  N.  iVoni  Antijfua.    l^jn.  (il-"  50'  VV 
laL  17^  .511-1^. 

HARJU'IO,  r.  of  U.C.  (lilU  into  lake  Krie  40 
in.  W.  from  \iOug  Point.  It  is  now  commonly 
.MJlid  the  «)rwell. 

JiAlMirK,  r.  in  the  (7.  S.  in  the  ])eniniula 
nf  Mieh. ;  t'llis  into  lake  !\Iieliitran. 

HAKDSTOWN,  we  Hainhloiru. 

ItVIfKI'lKl.DS,  V.  liiberty  CO.  S.  Con  the 
Little  I'edee,  412  ill.  from  W.  Lon.  79°  23 
\V.;  ht.:U'  12' N. 

ItAUKHKl.DS,  t.  .Marion  co.  S.  C.  41  m. 
from  \\ . 

liAlttJAlNXOWN,  V.  (iloucestor  co.  N.  J 
11)  I  in.  from  W. 

UAIMI.,  Isliind  of,  in  tlic  St  Lawrence  r. 
above  ( )irdi'nsbiir(r. 

HAIMIi  POINT,  in  St.  Lawrence  r.  alwvc 
OfrdenHliiirij. 

IIAKKHAMFSTEAD,  t.  Lilchfield  co.  Ct. 
|'o|<.  in  l^-2{),  1/.!I2. 

BARKHA.MI'STKAI),  v.  in  the  NR.  part 
of  Litchfield  co,  Cl.  about  20  in.  NVV.  from 
Hartford. 

IIARKSDALE,  v.  Lincoln  co.  Ceo. 

HAIM.ETT,  t.  (irafton  co.  N.  H. 

llARfXJW,  t.  VVashinirton  co.  Ohio. 

1(A[(.\  TAVERN,  V.  .Southampton  co.  Va. 
17.7  111.  trom  VV. 

HAUNARI),  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  2G  in.  NVV. 
fniiii  Windsor,  484  Irom  VV. 

UARNARI),  V.  .VIeitrs  co.  Ohio. 

HAKNARDS'I'OVVN,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mas.^. 

HARNEOAT,  or  Liinestunc,  v.  in  Poufrh- 
Iteepsie  co.  N.  Y.  5  m.  S.  from  Poiijfhkeepsic 
village.  Here  is  a  large  nuini)er  of  lime-kilns, 
uiid  ^reat  quantities  of  lime  arc  monuiiictured 
here  and  sent  to  New  York. 

HARNEGAT,  bay,  and  inlet  on  E.  coast  of 
\.  J.  1)8  in.  ENE.  from  Cape  May.  Lon.  73" 
1.7VV.;  lat.  3!P47'N. 

IJARNE(;AT,  v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
v..  side  of  the  Hudson,  10  m.  S.  from  Pough- 
keepsie. 

BARNESVILLE,  v.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  318 
in.  troin  VV. 

BARNESVILLE,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Md 
4  in.  t'roin  the  mouth  of  Monocacy  creek,  and 
l.'<  8.  from  Frcdericktown. 

BARNET,  t.  Caledonia  co,  Vt.  on  the  Con- 
nrcticut,  8  m.  SE.  from  Danville,  33  E,  from 
.Montpelier,  32f»  from  VV, 

BARNET'S  TAVERN,  v.  Fauquier  co.  Va, 
59  m.  from  VV. 

BARNSBOROUGH,  v.  Gloucester  co,  N.J, 
about  14  m.  below  Philadelphia. 

BARNSTABLE,  co,  Mass.  comprising  the 
peninsula  of  Capo  Cod.  Pop.  28",.525.  The 
chief  town  has  the  same  name.  Vast  quanti- 
ties of  8,Jt  arc  made  in  this  county  by  solar 
evaporation. 

B.mNSTABLE,  t  and  cap.  Barnstable 
CO.  Mass.  stands  on  a  harbor  at  the  bottom 
of  Gipe  Cod  Bay.  The  town  is  built  with 
considerable  neatness,  and  has  some  com- 
nierco  and  fishing  business.  There  are  exten- 
sive salt  marshes  in  the  neighborhood,  but 


the  yoil  hero  iit  better  tJiun  ill  almost  any 
other  part  of  the  eo.  It  is  ii-i  m.  SE.  from 
liostoii.     Pop.  'A,'M'). 

ltARN.<'l'AHLE,  I.  Bnrnstahle  ro,  Mass. 

n AU.NSTEAD.  t.  SlraHord  eo.  N.  If.  2»»  m. 
ENK.  from  Coneord,  32  NVV.  from  Ports- 
mouth,  .7(i.'J  from  VV. 

HAR.NS  .MILI>i,  I.  Monongahela  co.  Va. 
near  Morgantovvii,  and  219  m.  NW.  from 
Richmond. 

IIARNWELL,  district  of  S.  C.  havmg  Sa- 
vatmah  r,  SW.  Ixlyelield  NVV.  Orangeburg 
NE.  Colleton  and  Benuiiirt  SE.  being  aO  m.  in 
length  by  u  mean  width  of  3.1;  area  J050  sq. 
Ills,  surfliee  hilly,  and  soil  of  middling  quality. 
Staples,  cotton  and  grain.  Chief  town,  Barn- 
well.    Pop.  11^20,  1 1,7.70. 

BAh'NVVELL,  C.  II.  and  t.of  Ikirnwell  dis- 
trict, S.  C.    Lat.  ;13^  13'  N. ;  Ion.  4=  20'  VV. 

BARRi;,  t.  Worcester  eo.  Mass.  24  in.  NW. 
from  Worcester,  ()4  VV.  from  Boston,  417  from 
VV.  Po|>.  2,,703.  This  is  a  very  valuable  town- 
ship, and  produces  great  quantities  of  beef, 
butti'r,  and  cheese. 

BAR  RE,  t.  WashingUm  co.  Vt.  7  m.  SE. 
from  .Moiit|H"lier,  .724  lirom  VV.     Pop.  2,012. 

BARRE,  t.  (ieiieseeco.  N.  Y. 

BARRE,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa. 

BARREN,  eo.  in  the  S.  central  part  of  K'y. 
Pop.  14,8*21.  (JIasgow,  the  chief  town,  is  134 
III.  SW.  by  S.  of  F'rankfbrt.  Two  rivers,  one 
called  the  Little,  and  the  other  the  Big  Barren, 
have  their  source  within  the  coimty,  running 
in  ditVereiit  directions,  but  botii  tiilling  into 
the  (ircen  river. 

BARREN  CREEK,  r.  which  rises  in  SVV. 
corner  of  Delaware,  and  runs  into  the  Nanti- 
coke,  2  III.  S.  from  Vienna. 

BARREN  CREEK  SPRINGS,  t  Somerset 
CO.  Md.  8.7  in.  SE.  from  Annapolis. 

BARREN  RIVER,  r.  Kentucky,  which 
runs  into  the  (Jreen  River,  between  Warren 
and  Logan  counties. 

BARREN  RIVER,  Li  -  •  •,  Ky.  which  runs 
into  (ireen  River,  W.  of  <.;(•  i.sburg. 

BARREN.S,  t  St.  Geneva  ve  co.  Misc.  70 
m.  SE.  from  St.  Louis. 

BARRIER  POINT,  the  W.  point,  where 
the  r.  Petite  Nation  enters  tlie  Ottawa,  U.C. 

HARRINGTON,  t  Bristol  co.  R.Lon  the 
,SVV.  side  of  Warren  r.     Pop.  612. 

BARRINGTON,  Great,  Berkshire  co.  Mass. 
about  150  m.  W.  from  Boston.  Pop.  in  1820, 
1,!)08, 

BARRINGTON,  v.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  226 
m,  W.  from  Albany. 

BARRINGTON,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  28 
m.  NVV.  from  Portsmouth,  517  from  VV.  It  is 
a  large  township,  and  contains  several  ponds, 
the  largest  of  which.  Bow  pond,  is  650  rods 
long,  and  40  broad.  It  has  several  houses  of 
public  worship.  Crystal  spar,  black  lead,  iron 
ore,  alum,  and  vitriol  are  found  here.  In  the 
SE.  part  of  the  town  there  is  a  cave  called  the 
Bear's  Den, 

BARRON'S,  t  Prince  William  co.  Va.  48 
m.  SW.  from  W. 

BARRYSVILLE,  v.  Mecklenburg  ca  N.C- 
448  m.  from  W. 


186 


HA  R— MAI' 


i:".f 


f'h 


If*!- 1 


,!' 


BART,  t.  Uiicaiiter  vx,,  I'u.  S.  fVom  Stnin- 

HAin'lll':i.l':MV,r.l.(»iiHinim,\vliirli  liner 
a  ('"iirm"  \V.  (if  S.  of  nlKHit  ITtO  m.  jf)inH  lln' 
Oiiiicliill.i,  M  III,  Im  low  llir  Dirhaiir. 

HAIMIIOI.OMCW,  .N7.  imrinli  of  S.  f '.  in 
the  iliHirirl  iif  ( 'liarlrxton,  i'(iiiUiiiiin(f  al>oiil 
l.'t.DOO  iiilmliil.'intH,  tlir<'<'-li)nrtli>«  HliiviN. 

HAin'HOI.O.MlAV,  Hiimll  r.  of  ArkaiiwiH 
onil  I.OII.  riKiiifr  ill  the  foriiicT,  ami  t'uUin^r  into 
Ouiicliittn. 

HAiniH  )f,<)Mi;W,  Tu/ir,  S.  iK.int  of  KUitin 
iHland,  in  tlir  Klruits  of  li(r  Mairc 

HAirriH  )l.().\l KW,  .S7. one  of  llw ('iiribkv 
iHlnndn,  in  tlir  WchI  IndicH,  '11  in.  in  (ureiiin- 
ftTi'iicc,  and  iifj  N.  from  St.  CliriKloplicr.  'I'lic 
I'rcncli  ceded  it  to  (lie  Swedes  in  ITK'i;  iind  it 
waH  taken  liy  the  llritinh  in  IH((|,  Imt  restoied 
to  Sweden  in  If^i  I.  Tiie  eliief  ex|K)rtH  are 
drii^TH  and  nirnaiiivit:i>;  iind  it'haH  n  ^ood  hur- 
Iwr.     Irfiii.  (i:»^  W  \V. ;  hit.  17  '  Hi'  N. 

nARTMrri',  t.  (  ooh  co.  n.  h.   rop.  f> i4. 

HAK'I'ON,  l.inrolnco.  V.V. 

RAUTON,  V.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  50  m.  NK. 
from  Montjit'icr.     I'op.  7*J!(. 

RARTON,  Hinall  r.  of  Vt.  rising  in  Orleans 
CO.  and  falliii(r  into  lake  iMemphramagotr. 

RAJ{TON'S  (WJIOKK,  r.  'IVmiessee,  which 
runt*  into  thu  Cuinl)erland,  alraut  10  m.  above 
t'iarksvillc. 

R.\SK1NKIDGE,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J.  on  a 
branch  of  the  I'assuic,  7  in.  SSW.  from  .Mor- 
ristown,  17  N.  from  New  Hniiiswiek,  tlV.i  Irnin 
W.  lK)n.  7P  :i.T  W.;  lat.  10-  l(f  N.  Here 
is  u  goo<l  academy.  ( iciicrul  Leu  was  taken 
prisoner  here  in  17715. 

RASIN  n ARMOR,  v.  Addison  co.  Vt.  in 
Ferrisbiirf; ;  E.  side  of  I/akc  Ciiampiain;  'l.J 
m.  S.  of  the  mouth  of  Otter  creek,  48G  from  VV. 

IIASIN  MINAS,  bay  or  small  frulf  ut  the 
NK.  extremity  of  the  Iky  of  I'midy. 

RASSETEKRK,  capital  of  SI.  ( 'hriatopher, 
built  by  the  French,  l)elore  the  island  was 
ceded  to  the  En<rlisli  in  1713. 

RASSETERRE,  capital  of  (Jnadalouiw,  in 
a  district  of  the  sanu!  name,  in  the  W.  i)art  of 
the  island.  It  is  defended  by  a  citadel  and 
other  fortifications.  Lon.  61°  5i)'  W.  lat.  l.'i-' 
5!}'N. 

RASSCOVE,  in  Adolpiiustown,  Ray  of 
Quinte,  U.  C. 

RASS  ISLANDS,  an  interesting  proup  in 
Lake  Eric,  ap|>crtaining  to  Huron  co.,  Ohio. 
This  cluster  is  coiii|KKied  of  .'J  principal  and 
several  smaller  islands.  In  the  KouUiern  Rass 
Island  is  the  fine  harbor  of  I'ut-in-Hay,  about 
5  or  6  m.  W.  of  which,  on  Sept.  lOth,  1818, 
capt.  Perry  ca|)tured  the  Rritish  licet,  under 
the  conmiand  of  capt.  Rarclay. 

RASTARD,  t.  U.  C.  between  Lansdowne 
and  Leeds. 

RATAVIA,  or  Genesee,  t  and  cap.  Genesee 
CO.  N.  Y.;  40  m.  E.  Burtalo,  2.16  W.  Albany, 
391  fi-om  W.  Pop.  4,271.  It  contains  a  court- 
house,  a  jail,  and  other  public  buildings,  and 
has  considerable  trade.  A  weekly  newspaper 
is  published  here. 

BATAVIA,  t.  in  Clermont  co.  Ohio. 

BATAVIA,  t,  Gttuga  co.  Ohio. 


H AT<  A,  I.  of  Mexico,  in  Yucatan,  on  the 

side  (if  the  lliiy  ot"  ( 'amiM-acliy. 

HATESVII.Li:,  t.  Indepeiuk'nce  lo.  Ar. 
kansas,  on  Wliile  river,  110  m.  NK.  of  Little 
R(wk. 

HATES,  t.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.,  i-TiO  ni.  W. 
from  Alb.inv. 

RATH,  l'.  (Jrarton  co.  \.  II.  on  the  Conner- 
lictit;  14  III.  N.  Ilavcriiill,  10  N.  Darliiinuth 
Coneirc,  .1  l.'i  from  W.  I'op.  I, (WO.  The  Lowi  r 
AmmoiiooHiiek  and  Math  tnrnpike  pass  tliroii(;h 
this  town,  and  at  the  iwiint  where  tliey  inter- 
sect there  is  a  handsome  villiiirc. 

RATH,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  in  Lincoln  ro. 
Maine,  on  W.  side  of  the  Kennebec,  I'J  m. 
from  the  Hca,  H  S\V.  \Viscas»cl,  'Mi  NE.  Port- 
land,  l.'iO  NE.  Ilostoii,  .Ins  from  \V.  Lon.  GIM 
4!)'  \V.  lat.  1:P  .W  N.  Pop.  :J,77:i,  Hath  i,< 
pleasantly  situated  and  has  great  ndvantn|,'i'D 
tor  coimiierce,  Iniiig  at  the  head  of  winter 
navigation.  Tin-  river  hi're  is  sehkim  fro7i'ii 
over.  It  is  one  of  the  most  considerable  con:- 
mercial  towns  in  .Maine.  It  contains  an 
acadnny,  several  banks,  and  houses  of  piih- 
lie  worship  lor(  'oiigreijationalists,  HaptiKts,&c. 
ItATH,  t.  and  cap.  Steiilien  co.  N.  Y.,  on 
the  Coiihoeton  ;  10  m.  S.  Canandaigua,  U'1.'>\V. 
Albany,  :»ll.'»  from  W.  Pop.  1,700.  It  in  a 
pleasant  and  flourishing  town,  and  hua  conitid- 
eralile  trade. 

HATH,  t.  NorUiumbcrlond  co.  Pa;  173  iii. 
from  W. 

H.\TH,  v.  Hrnufort  ro.  N.C.  61  m.  SE.nf 
Edentoii,  on  Tar  river  124  m.  above  Painlicot 
Sound.     Lat.  Hr,'  31'  N. 

HATH,  CO.  Ky.  having  Nicholas  NW, 
Elenmiing  NE.,  I'loyil  SE.,  and  Montgomery 
SVV.  It  is  .'M  III.  in  length,  with  a  mean 
briadlh  of  10;  area  .'MO  sq.  m.  Chief  town, 
Owingsville.     Poj).  8,7!)!l. 

HA'PH  CO.  in  tJie  central  part  of  Va.  bound 
cd  N.  by  Pendleton  co.,  10.  by  Rockbridge  en., 
S,  by  Hotetourt  co.,  and  W.  by  (Jreenbrinr  eo. 
Pop.  4,00H.     Slaves,  882.     At  the  court-housi 
there  is  a  iiost-villagc,  .'50  m.  WSVV.  Staunton, 
22(5  from  \V.  Here  is  a  medicinal  Hpring,call('d 
Warm  Spring ;  and  another  almut  6  m.  di.stanl 
SVV.  called  Hot  Spring,  the  waters  of  which, 
at  some  seasons,  are  hot  enough  to  Iwil  an  egz, 
and  are  useful  in  various  complaints. 
RATH,  t.  Medina  co.  Ohio. 
RA'i'H,  Rcrkelcy  co.  Va.  near  the  Potomac; 
3.'5  in.  NNW.  Winchester,  104  from  W.  Ihrkt- 
ley  Spritifrs  arc  near  this  town,  which  see. 
RATH,t.  Greene  CO.  Ohio. 
HATH,  t.    Ikaufort   co.  N.   C.  on  a  bay 
which  sets  up  from  Tar  river;  11   ni.  ESFl. 
Washington,  (51  SSW.  Edenton,  332  from  W. 
Lon.  77°  20'  W.  lat.  .35°  31'  N. 

RATH,  V.  Renssallaer  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Hudson,  oj)posite  the  upper  jmrtof 
Albany. 

RATH,  CO.  Va.  having  Rotetourt  and  Mon- 
roe S.  Greenbriar  W.  Randolph  NW.  Pendle- 
ton NE.  Augusta  E.  and  Rockbridge  SE.  H 
is  45  m.  in  length,  with  a  mean  breadth  of  20 
m.  and  900  sq.  ms.  Situated  in  the  Apala- 
chian  ridges ;  the  face  of  this  co.  is  mountain- 
ous ;  tlie  air  is  pure  and  bealUiy ;  tlie  soil  m 


icaUn,  oil  the 

|,.|,(T    i<).   Ar. 
NK.  of  Little 

i'.,  a'lO  m.  w. 

on  tlii'Connrr- 
N.  DarliiKiuth 
^(1.  'I'lic  I.ow(r 
kc  paHM  tlirotigli 
leru  tli«-y  inltr- 

^r,  ill  liiiicoin  ro. 
iiniH'l><'«',  1-  '"• 
i-t,  r.  NK.  I'ort- 
„n  W.    I.oi>.  6".t^ 

W'u'.l  Hiith  is 
rrciit  mlviiiiliiKCK 
'  lund  of  winlor 

is  wUlom  fro7i-n 
•<iii!<itlt'riil)l«'  •■"Ill- 
It   contaiiiM  an 
1(1  luniwH  of  iHib. 

vliBtH,H»l>ti8tH,&<'' 

Im-M     CO.    N.   YmOII 

i\aiulaiKVUi,iil.')W. 
ij).  l,7U0.  It  in  a 
m,  and  liuii  consitl- 

id  CO.  Pa;  173  111. 

1^,  C.  (il  ni.  SE.  of 
in.  above  Pamlicoc 

Nicliolas   NW, 

,  and  MontKoincry 

itrili,  with  a  mean 

1.  in.    Chief  town, 

1  part  of  Va.  bound' 
by  Rockbridge  co, 
.  by  (irccnbriarw. 
At  the  court-houst 
„.  WSVV.  Staunton, 
dicinalHprinfr,  called 

Vr  about  6  m.  distant 

\w.  waters  of  which, 

iiough  to  Iwil  ail  egg, 

[coinplaintB. 

bhio. 
..near  thePotomar; 

,104  from  VV.  Utrkt- 

town,  which  see. 

•hio. 

o.  N.  C.  on  a  ^y 

f  river ;  11  ni.  E^J; 

fdenton,  332  from  «■ 

CO.  N.  Y.  on  the  b- 
fsite  the  upper  iMirtol 

w  Botetourt  and  Mon- 
IndolphNW.Pendle- 
I  Rockbridge  Sb.  » 
la  mean  breadth  of  f 
Ituated  in  the  Apala- 
Ifthis  CO.  is  mountain- 
■  healthy ;Uie  swim 


BAT-^UKA 


18V 


(rfneral  ratJier  •trril«',  lliouuli  ■oine  vrry  |iro- 
(liictivp  land  lifs  iildiii;  the  strcam^i.  < 'hii'f 
lowii,  U'arrrn  Sprinjrit.     Pop.  \f*-H),  .'>,'2'M. 

IJA  Til,  C.  II.  iin.l  \.  Halli  in.  Vn.  ."lO  in.  W. 
Sintinton,  and  VJ*27  .'^W.  I'mni  NV. 

BATON  R0I'(;K,  t.  Lou.  on  tli<-  W(\.  hank 


coKNt  of  Svw  Ilolluiid  in  lut.  lU^  30';  4lli,  on 
till"  WV.  ciKiMt  of  America  in  lat  57  '  N.;  5th, 
on  thi'  1).  const  of  Ni'W  '/calaiid. 

HAVnl    r\|{ AM  |(),  1.  iIiipid.B,  Lou. 

IIAVdl'  (  IIICOT,  t.  ill  till'  northirn  |Nirt 
>f  ( )|H'liiosiis,  Lou.  30  III.  NW.  t'roiii  tii<>  viU 


of  the  rivir  .MiKHiHsijipi.     Ilrrr,  in  amTiidinir  liiui-  of  Si.  Linidri',  mid  I,|mh  SNV.  from  W. 
tlic  river,  li:inl«H  rise  to  a  ronsidirHldc  liiijriitl      HAV    R  l\  LK,  I.  Crnvcu  co.  N.  C  "JO  m.  E. 
iilK)ve  till"  flcviition  of  ihc  waliT  in  frislirts.j  from  Nrw  Item,     liny  river  is  a  Hinall  irrrk  of 
It  is  alx'Ut  liH  III.  iiliovr  .New  ()rir:iii<,  lollo\v-i  Paniliro   Soimil,   ami     loriiiint;     part    of    tlio 
ini;  the  river.     Here  the  eonntry  is  linely  im-|  iH)iiniliiry  iK'tweeii  l(«;iiiliirt  iiiid  Craven  coh. 
lirovid.     'I'll''  town  eoiilains  alKuil    tiO  or   7(>|       11  A/ET'l'V,  I.  in 'rnmibull  c;o.  Ohio.     Pop. 


linnMeM,  and  3.'il)  inhaliilaiitH. 

HA'I'ON  ROI'Cii;,  ImkI,  jKirish  of  Lou.  on 
tlip  li'tl  bank  of  the  .Missi-^sippi  river,  liaviiit; 
that  Blre.im  W.  New  I'l  lieiuiia  N.  tliii  .\niile 
river,  or  St.  Helena  K.  ilHrviile  river,  or  St. 
(•:il>rit'l  S.  Il  is  tjfi  III.  in  leiifrtli,  willi  a  mean 
width  of  l.>;  urea  HKI  si|.  iiih.  IIm  siirliiee  is 
rolliuij  towards  the  N.  but  becoiiies  ifeiierally 
1(  vel  to  the  Konthward.  Tlie  soil  is  tirlile,  and 
ill  it-  natural  state  covered  with  a  dense  Ibresl. 
Staple,  cotton.  Chief  town.  Baton  Roiitre.  Pop. 
«,7I 

HATON  ROCfiK,  HV.s/,  parish  of  I,ou.  on 
the  ritjlit  bank  of  the  .\lissis^^ippi,  opjiosite 
IvMi  Baton  Rouijc,  haviiiir  the  Mississippi  river 
i;.  I'lai|ueiniiie  river,  or  Sl.tialiriel  Sl'l.  Alelia- 
llilaya  river  .SW.  and  \V.  and  Pointe  ('oii|K'e 
N,     It  is  3ll  III.  in   leiifrtli,  liy  S>  mean  widlli; 


Luzerne  co.  Pcnn. ; 
in.  SW.  Dor- 


H-iii,  I!m;. 
PKAcii  (;i{()Vi:,  v. 

'J(U  III.  I'rnin  W. 

P.KACII    HILL,  t.  S.  C;  7 
I'hesler. 

HLACII  ISLAND,  t.  Ilaneotk  co.  Maine. 
Poi).  1^10,  I,  in  jx-JO,  ^. 

BLACH  ISLAND,  small  island  in  the  At- 
lantie,  iieiir  tin;  cojist  of  New  Jtrney.  I^ion.  7  P 
I.V  W.  Int.  31) '  17'  N. 

BLACON  ISLAND,  small  island  in  Pamli- 
ro  Siiiiid,  near  tin.'  coast  of  N.  C  Lon.  70^ 
','•.»'  W.  lat..3P  .'57' N. 

ni;Ai,SlUI{(;,  t.  Harden  ro.  Ky.  on  E. 
bank  of  Rolliinr  Pork  river:  l.^>  m.  WSVV. 
Mairdstowii,  .'ill  SW.  I'VaiiklbrL  Lon.  HG^  27' 
W.  lat.  37  '  4-2'  N. 

RKAI.LSN  ILLK,  fine  v.  on  the  I'.S.  road. 


area  7.'»(l  m\.  ms.  Its  surliiee  is  a  dead  alliivinl;  Wasliiii!_'toii  eo.  i'emi.  s  m.  W.  trom  Browns- 
jilain,  extremely  fertile,  liiit  except  near  the  mar- 1  villi',  and  17  1).  I'roiii  Washiiiirtoii,  the  county 
\l\n  of  tlie  Mississippi,  and  some  other  streams,  seat. 


liulile  to  annual  submersion.     Staple,  cotton. 

UATOPILAS,  il  considerable  town  of  the 
Andes  or  Cordilleras  of  Mexico,  in  the  inteii- 
dciicy  of  Durantro. 

HA'ITERAI'X,  island,  in  the  river  St.  Law 
ri'iice,  alwvc  R-arded  Island. 

HA'ITLECRKKK,  r.  Ky.  which  runs  into 
the  Ohio,  lon.  K")    3(;'  W.  lat.  3H  '  .3.7'  xN. 

lU'lTLETOWN,  v.  Prcderick  co.  Va.  11 
in.  E.  by  N.  from  Stcveiisburjj,  and  6  E.  from 
Winchester. 

B.VrrURE  GRAND,  on  (Xtawa  river,  be- 
low Portatri^  du  Cliene,  U.  C. 

HAUCIIERV1LF,E,  a  beautifully  located 
villajje  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  river  St.  Ijaw- 
reiice,  about  10  m.  W.  of  Montreal. 

BALUJH.MAN,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio. 

BAYAGUANA,  an  inland  town  of  the  isl. 
and  of  St  Dominjjo,  alwut  3.'>  m.  NE.  of  the 
city  of  St.  Domingo. 

BAY  AMD,  a  town  in  the  E.  part  of  Cuba, 
on  the  river  Estcro,  which  forms  a  bay  on  the 
coast,  20  m.  below  the  town.  It  pives  name 
to  a  channel,  between  Cuba  and  the  islands, 
called  the  Queen's  Garden,  and  is  80  ni. 
WSW.  of  St.  Jago.  Ix)n.  77^  20'  W.  lat  20° 
45' N, 

BAYDENSVILLE,  t.  Indiana. 

BAYLESBURG,  v.  Southampton  ccVa.; 
203  from  W. 

BAYLE'S  STORE,  t.  Stokes  co.  N.  C.  145 
m.  NW.  from  Raleigh. 

BAY  OF  ISLANDS,  there  are  several 
bays  in  different  parts  of  the  world  so  called ; 
vii.  Ist,  on  the  west  coast  of  Newfoundland  ; 
2d,  in  the  straiU  of  Magellan ;  3d,  on  tlie  NE, 


BEAM'S  STATION,  t  (iraiiger  eo.  Temi. 
.30  III.  NE.  I'rinii  l\iio.'<ville,  and  2'JtJ  NE.  from 
MiirfreeslMiroiiirli. 

miAN'S  CREEK,  v.  Eranklin  co.  T.nn.; 
7^0  III.  from  W. 

BEANS  STVriON,  v.  tJranger  co.Tcnn.; 
4i)S  III.  iVoiii  W. 

BEAR  BROOK,  r.  which  runs  into  the 
Mississippi,  loll.  !i:{    2H'  W.  lat  44-^  40'  N. 

BEARCAMP,  r.  N.  H.  falls  into  Ossipce 
Lake. 

BEAR  CREEK,  r.  Ky.  which  runs  into 
Green  river,  lon.  Hfi^  45'  W.  lat.  3G'  52'  N. 

BEAR  CIJEEK,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs  into 
Uie  Atlantic,  lon.  77^  .'12'  W.  lat  34^  3fi'  N. 

BEAR  CREEK,  another  small  stream  run- 
ninjr  into  the  W.  side  of  Miami  river  in  Mont- 
gomery CO.  Ohio. 

BEARD'S  STORE,  t  Anson  co.  N.  C.  80 
ni.  SW.  of  Raleigh. 

BEARD'S  CREEK,  in  Geo.  a  small  branch 
of  Altaniaha  river,  in  Liln-rty  co. 

BEARD'S  MILL,  t.  Rowan  co.  N.  C. 

BEARDED  ISLAND,  in  the  river  St  Law- 
rence, aliove  Lake  St.  Francis. 

BEARFIELD,  t  in  Perry  co.  Ohio. 

BEAR  GAP,  v.  Northumberland  ca  Penn.; 
182  m.  from  W. 

BEAR  GRASS  CREEK,  r.  Ky.  which  runs 
into  the  Ohio  at  Louisville. 

BEAR  INLET,  channel  Ixitwecn  two  small 
islands  near  the  coast  of  N.  C.  Lon.  77°  21' 
W.  lat.  .34=  36'  N. 

BEAR  ISLAND,  small  island  in  the  At- 
lantie,  near  the  coast  of  Maine.  Lon.  68"  20' 
W.  lat  44'  6'  N. 


188 


HKA— nRA 


>"  A 


REAR  LAKF,  onn  of  (lio  nourocM  of  ilu: 
MiflHJHHippi,  nlmiit  Int.  i^^  t20'  N. 

HKAll  KIVKW,  r.  N.  Ainrricn,  whirl.  riiiiH 
into  the  MiKHiHHiiipi,  Ion.  !)!2'   It'  W.  Int.  II 
20' N. 

BKAni'-R  KIVF.R.     S.r  nrarrr. 

m]\H\A'.\"S  CIM'.F-'.K.  r.  Ky  "liirh  ninn 
jnto  the  Ohio,  Inn.  KJ    .IV  W  .  Ii.i.  .'»n    :I.V  \. 

nil  ATT!  lis  HUM),  I.  r.iiKohi  ny.  \.  C. 

HIlArCIIAHNOIS  ISI.i:,  in  iIm  \.  .asl- 
rrly  part  of  l,«kc  .SiiiHrior,  not  n  jfniil  wiiy 
fVotn  the  »li(irc,  nnd  onNtwiird  of  IhIc  ll(iC(|unrt. 

I)KAl'('I<l')l{(',  |i<)rt  ill  111!  isl.inil  on  tin; 
NW.  ronxt  of  America.  liUt.  5(i-'  17'  N.  Ion. 
ftom  W,  r,CP  .37'  W. 

BKAUrOirr,  m.  N.  C.  in  Nowlnrn  diiifrirt ; 
linvintf  ('r:ivin  SW.  I'itt  NW.  .Miirlin  nnd 
Wnjihinptnn  N.  nnd  Hyde  nnd  I'nndico  .'^oiiiui 
E,  lirnpth  41)  ni.  nicnn  hrrn<ltli  17;  nrrn 
670.     It  in  pcncrnlly  level.    (  hief  town,  Unlh. 

BEAITORT,  n  nmritinio  district,  tonninu 
tho  8E.  corner  of  the  state  of  South  Caroiiiin ; 
hounded  on  the  SVV.  hy  the  Savannah  rivi  r. 
It  is  a  low  Hwnnipy  district,  hut  very  prodiie- 
tivo  in  rice  nnd  eolton.  In  addition  to  the  Sa- 
vannah on  the  S.  it  in  l)ounde<l  on  the  N.  hy 
tlic  Big-Blnke-hntchic  river,  nnd  the  ('oosnw- 
hntchie  intersects  the  district  from  NW.  to  the 
SE.  dividinfr  into  two  hranchcs  aliout  the  c(  n- 
trc  of  tho  district,  and  forniin;r  nn  island  cabled 
Port  Royal  Island,  on  which  is  n  town  nnnied 
Beaufort,  formerly  the  cnpitnl  of  the  district, 
but  the  courts  arc  now  lield  nt  tho  town  of 
Coosnwhntchie,  obout  20  m.  NW.  of  »?eaufort, 
nnd  19.)  S.  of  Columbia,  tiic  capital  of  the 
state. 

BEAUFORT,  a  co.  of  North  rnrnliiin,  di- 
vidcd  into  two  parts  by  the  I'nmlieo  rivi  r,  jit 
its  entrance  into  Pamlico  Sound.  It  is  ii 
Bwnmpy  and  dreary  district,  with  n  ixipulation 
of  10,!J4!).  Washington,  l.'JO  m.  E.  by  S.  of 
Raleigh,  is  the  chief  town. 

BEAUFORT,  scaimrt,  Bcanfort  district,  S. 
Con  PortRoyul  Island,  7.>  n).S.  from  Charles- 
ton, and  .'58  N.  from  Savannah.  Ifs  liarl)or  is 
deep  nnd  spacious.  Here  is  a  chartered  col- 
lege, but  in  a  languishing  state.  Lat  'iii°  25' 
N.  Ion.  .3=  .30'  W.  from  W. 

BEAUFORT,  seaport  t.  and  capital  Carteret 
CO.  N.  C.  on  Gore  Sound,  41  ni.  .*<.  from  New- 
bcrn.  Vessels  drawing  14  feet  water  can  as- 
cend to  this  place.  It  is  well  situated  to  be- 
come an  extensive  depot  of  trade ;  and  it  is 
Proposed  to  connect  its  sound  with  the  Ncuse, 
'ar,  nnd  Roanoke  rivers. 

BEAUPORT,  Seigniory,  Quebec  co.  L.  C. 
nt  the  mouth  of  the  Montmorcnci  river,  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

BEAURIVAGE,  r.  L.  C.  enters  the  Chau. 
dierc  about  4  m.  above  its  mouth. 

BE.\UVAIS,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs 
into  lake  Michigan.  Lon.  85^  36'  W. ;  lat. 
43°  50'  N. 

BEAVER,  or  Bearer,  r.  N.  H.  which  rises 
in  Londonderry,  and  runs  S.  into  tlic  Merri- 
mack, in  Draeut. 

BEAVER,  CO.  W.  side  of  Penn. ;  bounded 
N.  by  Merecr  co.  E.  l)y  Butler  co.  SW.  by 
Alleghany  co.  S,  by  Washington  co.  nnd  W. 


],,    Ohio   state.      Pop.  t>4,90(J.     (Iiirf  toH-n, 
Iknvc  riowii. 

IIMWIIR,  or  Hrrrrtoti,  i\\v  chief  litwn  of 
this  eoniily,  i"<  filiinte  iit  (he  jiiiirlion  of  th,' 
Beaver  river  with  the  Ohio,  near  the  < i  nirc 
of  tho  eountv,  iilt)  \V.  bv  X.  of  llarrihiiurp. 

BEAVKR,  t.  Crawfi.rd  eo.  I'n. 

ni;  AVER,  t.  NorlJnmilierland  co.  IVnn.  \\. 
of  the  SuN<|iii  hiintiali. 

IlivW  i:i{  DAM,  V.  Delaware  CO.  \.  Y. 

BKA V KR,  t.  ( ;rren  eo.  ( )hio ;  Hi  m.  W NW 
PiltNliurtr. 

HEAVER,  t.  Columbia  co.  Ohio. 

HEAVMR,  rmlr,  f.  lienvfT  eo.  Pn. 

BEAVER  Cin:EK,  r.    K(n.   which  run. 
into  the  CuinlHiland,  lon.  HCt^  12'  W.  lat.  .Hi 
:iV  N. 

BIOAVER,  Smith,  t.  Beaver  co.  Penn. 

BEAVER  CREEK,  r.  Alab.  which  T\m 
into  the  Tennessee,  lon.  87°  ."iO'  W.  lut.  'M 

:w  N. 

BEAVER  CREEK,  t.  Northumberland  co 
Pn.  W.  the  Susquelmnnah. 

BEAVER  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runi. 
.SW.  into  the  Papaehton ;  .3.'i  m.  long. 

BEAVER  CRE1:K  riws  in  the  lownsiii;. 
of  (^listor,  U.  C.  and  rimning  through  part  ni 
f  Jainsliorongh,  empties  itself  into  Wellnnd,  i" 
which  river  it  nuis  close,  and  nearly  jiaralVL 
for  almost  4  m.  before  it  discharges. 

BEAVER  CREEK,  in  the  t.  of  Humlv 
stone,  runs  into  Lake  Erie  N.  of  Row's  I'nii^t, 
VA'. 

BEAVER  CREEK  runs  into  Lake  Hwy- 
rior  on  the  N.  hide,  between  river  Aujiic  uiil 
river  Rouge,  U.  C. 

BEAVER  CREEK,  t.  Madison  co.  N.  V 
P.)  ni.  W.  from  Albany. 

ni:A\  ER  CREEK,  mill  .'••trenm,  Clark  cp 
Ohio,  rmming  northwardly  info  Buck  creek, . 
litfle  distiince  aliove  Springfield. 

BEAVER  CREEK,  nnme  of  a  errek  rir 
iiing  into  the  W.  side  of  Little  Minmi  rivrr,  i"^^ 
(ireen  CO.  Ohio. 

BEAVER  CREEK,  also  the  nnme  of  i 
township  situated  on  the  above  stream,  "i 
Green  co.     Poj).  1820,  .3h'4. 

BEAVER,  t.  Green  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  IM^ 
70!!,  and  in  1820,  7.^)7. 

BEAVER  RIVER  empties  itself  info  ll^ 
Narrows,  n  litfle  l)elow  the  Falls  of  St.  Mary' 
running  fnnn  N.  to  S.  U.  ( '. 

BEAVER,  eo.  Pn.  on  l)oth  sides  of  Oh> 
river,  having  pnrtof  the  state  of  f)hio  W.,  .Mir 
ccr  N.  Butler  E.  Alkghnny  SE.  and  Wasli- 
ingfon  S.  It  is  about  40  m.  in  length  ahmi; 
the  state  of  Ohio,  with  a  mean  breadth  "' 
1.5  m. ;  area  fiOO  sq.  ms. ;  features  hilly  ami 
broken ;  soil  generally,  however,  fertile,  and 
well  wooded  and  watered.  Chief  town,  Beaver, 
cap.     Lat.  40°  50'  N.  lon.  W.  3°  20'  W. 

BEAVER,  BifT,  or  Mahoning,  r.  which  rise* 
in  Portage  eo.  Ohio,  passes  into  Pcimsylvanii 
and  joins  the  Ohio,  at  Bcavertown. 

BEAVER,  Little,  r.  Columbiana  co.  Ohii\ 
which  runs  S.  into  the  Ohio  near  the  line  ot 
Ohio  and  Pennsylvania;  43  m.  below  Pitt-'- 
burg.  It  aftbrds  many  excellent  mill-seat.^. 
Near  the  mouth  of  this  river  there  is  a  spring, 


BRA-BKI) 


18ft 


oil  in. 
r  en.  I'n. 
vrn.    which   run* 

>  12'  W.  lal.  3i; 


orthumbf  riand  c 


Mndison  co.  N.  \  • 


,.  Ohio.     Pop.  1''1" 


rmin  which  iMiim  nn  M,  ca.\M  Scnrcii  oil, 
which  in  hijrhly  inllniiuiinhir,  ond  ix  um<l\il  un 
a  rcrncitv  lor  rhrniimtic  |»aiiii). 

nK.VVKH,  t.  riiioii  ro.  I'n.    Pop.  in  IH'iO, 

2.(i.it;. 

HI'.AvF.f?,  bor.  1.  Flc.ivrr  co.  Pa, 

HI;.\VF;I{  dam.  t.  i;ri(  .o.  Pa. 

nilAVKK  DAM,  (J(xx:hlnn(i  co.  Va.;  24  m. 
NW.  from  Richmond. 

III;AV[:I{,  iMUr,  t.  Bcnvcr  co.  Pa.  Pop.  in 
lH|(M,:i7lt,  in  IH-JO,  1,111. 

nr.ANI'^H,  AW//i,  I.  n<avcr  co.  Pn.  Pop.  in 
1H1(»,!).T,',  in  H-.M),  l.'jnc. 

HIvWKR  IKON  WORKS,  t.  Rathco.  Ken. 
7h  in.  r.  (roin  Kriinktort. 

HMAVKR  ISJ.ANDS,  rpmorkuhlo  chain  of 
mimli  island*,  in  lake  Michignn,  cxtcndinjr 
alH)nt  :iO  ni.  S\V.  into  the  lake.  l/in.  K) '  *J() 
W.  lat  C,i'  2i)'  N.  'i'hey  ap|»car  iH-aiitilul, 
the  nituation  plen»nnf,  bnt  the  i«oil  barr-n. 

nKAVKRTOWN,  t  Union  co.  Pa.;  C)  m. 
N.  from  llarrishnrp. 

UEAVKR,  the  Routheadtcrnmoflt  town  of 
Gucrnnev,  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  in  1H20,  .WO. 

nKCANCOUR,  r.  of  L.  C  enters  the  St. 
Ijawrcncc,  op|Kwitc  the  mouth  of  the  river  St. 
.Maurice.  Itg  Hourccn  interlock  witli  those  of 
the  Chaudiere. 

RFX^ARIA,  t.  Clearfield  co.  Pa. 

RIX^KKT,  V.  of  Ikrkshire  co.  Mann,  on 
tlie  head  of  VVeotfield  r.  17  ni.  SK.  from 
licnox,  and  25  \V.  from  Northampton.     Pop. 

nECKUAMSVU.I.E,  t.  Chester  district, 
S.  C.  on  the  Waterce,  32  m.  NW.  from  Cam- 
den. 

REAVERSDAM,  v.  Queen  Anno  co.  Md. 
12(i  m.  from  W. 

HEAVERTOWN,  bor.  and  cap.  Reaver  co. 
Pa.  at  the  confluence  of  the  Rip  Reaver  with 
the  Ohio;  30  m.  l)elo\v  Pittslmrjf,  and  2.'53 
from  W.  It  is  a  place  of  considerable  busi- 
ness,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
bank,  an  academy,  and  a  printinp-otfice,  and 
has  various  manufactures.  Tlierc  is  a  valuable 
iron  mine  in  its  vicinity. 

HEAVERTOWN,  t."  Union  co.  Pa. 

RW;KMANSVILLI3,  v.  Schoharie  co.  N. 
Y.  37(;  m.  from  W. 

RIX;KMANSVir,LE,  or  Rocky  Mount  t. 
("hester  co.  S.  C.  on  the  Wateree ;  .30  m.  NW. 
from  Camden,  and  4H0  from  \V.  This  place 
is  celebrated  for  a  siiad  fishery. 

BI-rKET,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  17  m. 
RE  from  Lenox,  110  \V.  from  Boston,  and 
376  from  W.     Pop.  1,065. 

BEDDINGTON,  t.  Washington  co.  Maine, 
near  the  source  of  Pleasant  river,  35  m.  NW. 
by  W.  from  Machias. 

BEDFORD,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  Pop. 
l,.').vl. 

BEDFORD,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  Pop.  C85. 

BEDFORD,  (New)  t  and  s-p.  Bristol  co. 
Mass. ;  2«  m.  SSE.  from  Taunton,  52  S.  from 
Itoston,  and  45H  from  W.  Lat.  4ia  38'  N.  It 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  W.  side  of  an 
arm  of  the  sea  which  makes  up  from  Buzzard's 
bay.  It  contained  in  1810,  5,fi51  inhabitants : 
since  which  Fairhavcn  on  (he  opposite  side. 


has  U«n  set  off  ami  wpnralrly  incorporated, 
leaving  to  New  R«'illi)rd,  at  thot  time,  a  |iopii- 
Intion  of  alioiit  3,000,  of  whom  abitiit  2,.'>(l() 
were  in  the  villa|re.  The  [topiilalion  in  now 
7,.'>f(2.  It  conlaiiiN  nn  inNiiriuire  oliice,  3 
banks,  10  chiirciM's,  and  7  niamif.ictoriiH  lor 
s|M'rniacrti  candleN.  The  harbor  in  mile  and 
coiiiiiKxIioiis,  ha\inu  a  depth  of  water  of  from 
3  to  4  fathoiiiN.  The  shippini;  lM'liitii;iiii;  to 
this  |)ort  amounts  to  (10,000  tons,  nl)<)iit  10,000 
of  which  is  employed  in  the  whale  lishery. 
Beiiip  HurrouiKJed  hy  a  country  wliiih  fur- 
iiislics  but  lew  arlielcH  of  ex|K)rt,  the  proH|)er- 
ity  of  the  town  de|Kii(lM  much  on  the  whale 
fmliery.  The  ex|Mirls  to  l'!iiro|H'  and  (lie  West 
IiKJiiH  f()r  two  years,  emliiijj  .luiie  .30,  ]Kl>^, 
nverajfed  1.30,000  dollars  each;  of  which 
s|M'riii  and  whale  oil,  s|)eriii  eaiidles,  fish  and 
lish  oil,  constituted  the  jrreatest  pari.  Theni 
are  several  rop<--walks,  and  ship-building  is 
carried  on  to  a  considerable  exti  lit. 

BEDFORD,  ix.r.  v.  and  cap.  of  Bedford  ro. 
I'll.  alKiut  IH!»  ni.  W.  of  Philadelphia,  ;»1  E. 
hv  S.  of  Pittsbiircr,  and  150  NW.  from  W. 
'iHie  situation  of  this  tr)wn  is  extrenwly  rtt. 
mantie,  being  siirrounilcd  by  nioiintains.  It 
is  now  miieli  frecpiented  in  llie  siinimer 
season  on  necoiint  of  the  miner.il  springs  in 
its  neigh Imrhoml.  Pop.  in  iHlO,  541,  and  in 
1H20,  7H!).  The  co.  was  divided  from  Cum. 
lK>rland,  and  Bedford  erected  into  a  county 
town,  March  1771. 

BEDFORD,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  .W 
m.  from  Boston.     Pop.  1,.')54. 

BEDFORD,  t.  .Middlebiiry  co.  Mass.;  If. 
m.  NW.  from  Boston.     Pop.  (JM. 

BEDFORD,  CO.  Pa.  having  Md.  S.  Somer- 
set  W.  Cambria  NW.  Huntingdon  NE.  and 
Fr.i/iklin  SE.     Lengtii  .W  ni.  mean  breadth, 
alKiut  31;  containing  l,(iOO  sfj.  ms. ;  surthee 
extremely  diversified  by  mountains,  hills,  and 
valleys;  soil  equally  varied:  in  general  roeky 
and  barren  in  the  inoipifnins,  but  fertile  and 
well  watered  in  the  valleys.     Staples,  grain, 
flour,  whiskey,  and  salted   provisions.     It  is 
very  |)roduetivc   in  excellent   iron,  and    pfis- 
sesses  some  ininerul  coal,     'i'he  sfirings  near 
Bedford  have  become  a  [dace  of  fashionable 
resort  in   the  months  of  July,  August,  and 
SeptemlMT.  ('hief  town,  Bedford.  Pop.  ■'vi,(I3ti 
BEDFORD,  t  Bedford   co.  Pa.    Pop.  in 
1820, 1,.321. 
BEDFORD,  V.  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio. 
BEDFORD,  CO.  Va.  having  Franklin  SW- 
Botetourt  W.  and  NW.  Rockbridge  N.  Am- 
hcrst  NE.  Campbell  SE.  and  Pittsylvania  S. 
It  is  30  m.  in  Icngtli,  by  a  mean  breadth  of 
22 ;  area  660  sq.  ms.  separated  by  tiic  Blue 
Ridge  from  Botetourt  co.    A  jMirt  of  Bedford 
is  mountainous;   it   is,  in   general,  however, 
hilly,  and  moderately  fertile.    Staples,  tobacco 
and  grain.  Chief  town.  Liberty.   Pop.  20,253, 
of  whom  8,7!)0  were  slaves. 

BEDFORD,  E.  part  of  Biwklyn,  N.  Y. 
BEDFORD,  t,  West-Chester  co.  N.  Y.;  44 
m.  NNE.  from  New  York,  130  S.  from  Al- 
bany,  and  272  from  W.  Pop.  2,750.  The 
village  contains  n  court-ho;isc,  a  jail,  an 
academy,  and  a  Presbyterian  meeting-house. 


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Tlie  court',  of  Uic  county  arc  held  allcrnalily 
nt  Bedford,  and  al  Wliitc  Plains. 

BEDFORD,  V.  in  the  northern  part  of 
Henry  co  Ken.  12  mi.  SE.  from  Port  William, 
at  the  mouth  of  Ken.  r.  and  40  N\V.  i'rorn 
Frankfort. 

BEDFORD,  V.  Cayahoga  co.  Ohio,  184  m. 
NE.  from  CVilnmbus. 

BEJiUORA,  CO.  of  Ten.  on  Duck  river, 
having  Maury  W.,  Williamson  NW.  Ruther- 
ford N.  Warren  NE.,  Franklin  SK.  and  Lin- 
coin  S.  Staples,  cotton  and  small  grain.  Chief 
town,  Shelbvville.   Pop.  l(i,012. 

BEDMhS'STER,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  .T.;  13  m. 
SE.  from  Morristown.     litre  is  an  academy. 
BEDMINSTER,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J. 
BEDMINSTER,  t  Bucks  co.  Pa. 
BECKMAN,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.;  12  m. 
E.  from  Hudson  city.     This  township  con- 
tains 6  houses  of  public  worship.     Po|).  1,584. 
BEELIN'S  FERRY,   v.  Cumljcrland  co. 
Pa. ;  144  ni.  from  W. 

BEECH  GROVE,  t.  E.  Felici!.na  parish.  La. 
BEECH  HILL,  t.  Jackson  co.  Ten.  70  ni. 
NE.  from  Nashville. 

BEECH  PARK,  t.  Gallatin  co.  Ken.  by  the 
post-road,  48  m.  N.  from  Franl.ibrt. 

BEEKMAN,  v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  10  m. 
E.  from  Pouglikeej)sie.     Pop.  1,58-i. 

BEEKMANTOWN,  t.  Clinton  co.  N.  Y. 
Pop.  2,3.91. 

BEEKMANSVILLE,  v.  Schoharie  co.  N. 
York. 

BEEKMANTOWN,  v.  Clinton  cr  N.  Y. 
173  m.  N.  from  Albany. 

BEELING'S  FERRY,  v.  of  Cumberland 
•CO.  Pa. 

BEERING,  or  Bherimr's  Strait,  ilm  nar- 
row sea  between  the  W.  coast  of  N.  America, 
und  the  E.  coast  of  Asia.  It  is  13  leagues 
wide,  in  tlie  narrowest  part,  between  the  cajjcs 
Prince  of  Wales,  and  Tchukotskoi.  The 
Arctic  Circle  passes  this  strait,  a  little  N.  of 
the  narrowest  part. 

BEERING'S,  formerly  Admiralty  Bay, 
NW.  coast  of  N.  America.  Lon.  02='  W.  lat. 
59°  20'  N. 

BEESLEY'S,  t  Cape  May  co.  N.  J.  1 05  m. 
3.  from  Trenton. 

BEL-AIR,  or  Bellair,  t.  and  cap.  Harford 
CO.  Md. ;  23  m.  NNE.  from  Baltimore,  and  (iS 
from  W.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
Methodist  mcctmg-housc,  and  an  academy. 

BELCHERTOWN,  t.  Hampshire  eo.  Mass. 
15  m.  ESE.  from  Northampton,  80  W.  from 
BoHton,  and  400  from  W.  It  is  a  pleasant 
town.  Pop.  2,491. 

BELFAST,  s-p.  Waldo  co.  Maine ;  12  m. 
NW.  from  Caetinc,  224  NE.  from  Boston,  and 
641  from  W.    Lat.  U^  25'  N.    It  is  delight- 
fully situated  on  Belfast  bay,  ot  the  mouth  of 
a  small  river  of  the  same  name,  and  at  the 
NW.  part  of  Penobscot  bay.     It  has  a  good 
harbor  and  great  maritime  advantages,  and  is 
.a  flourishing  town.    Pop.  3,077. 
BELFAST,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa. 
BELFAST,  v.  Laurens  district,  S.  C;  559 
•m.  from  W. 

BELLFONTAINE,  a  small  town  and  seat 


c<i'  justic;?  fi)r  liOgan  co.  Ohio,  18  m.  N.  from 
I'rliana,  iiid  5(5  NW.  from  Columbus. 

RELFORD,  V.  Nosh  co.  N.  C;  2.'')9  ni. 
from  W. 

RELGRADE,  t.  Kcnncbcck  co.  Maine;  13 
m.  NNW.  from  Augusta,  and  172  ENE.  from 
Roston.     Pop.  1,375. 

BELLAIRE,  Seigniory,  L.Canada,  Hamp. 
shire  co.  on  the  N.  side  of  .St.  Lawrence  r.  Hi 
m.  alwye  Quebec. 

BELIi  BROOK,  v.  Green  co.  Ohio. 
BELLAIR,  V.  Lancaster  district,  S.C.;  471 
m.  from  W. 

BELLAMY  BANK  RIVER,  r.  N.  If. 
which  rises  in  Barrington,  and  flows  into  thn 
Piscataqua,  in  S.  jjart  of  Dover. 

BELIi  A  MY,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic  near 
the  coast  of  S.  C.  Lon.  78='  35'  W.  lat.  333 
50' N. 

BELLE-FONTAINE,  v.  and  military  [lost, 
Missouri  Territory,  on  S.  side  of  the  Missouri, 
4  m.  uIkivc  its  mouth,  Ifi  N.  from  St.  Louis. 
Here  is  a  palisade  work  and  barracks,  sufll- 
cient  to  accommodate  300  men. 

BELLEFONTE,  bor.  and  cap.  Centre  co. 
Pn.;  3  m.  from  Milcsburg,  2.3H  WNW.  from 
Philadelphia,  and  1811  from  W.  It  has  an 
elevated  situation  at  the  head  of  boat  naviga- 
tion on  Spring  Creek.  It  is  regularly  laid  out, 
and  contains  a  bank,  an  academy,  the  county 
buildings,  &c.  und  is  situated  in  a  fertile 
country. 

BELLEISLE,  isl.  of  North  America  at  tlio 
mouth  of  the  strait  between  New  Rritain  iinil 
Newfoundland,  whence  tlie  straits  take  also 
the  name  of  RcUeisle.  Lon.  21  =■  33'  W.  froui 
W.  lat.  51^  55'  N. 

BELLE-RIVER,  U.  C.  nms  into  St.  Clair, 
to  the  eastward  of  r.  Au.x  Puces,  and  is  navi- 
gable for  brats  some  way  up. 

BELLE  VERNON,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa.  8  ni. 
from  Uniontown,  and  194  SW^.  by  W.  froni 
Ilarrisburg. 

BELLEVIEW,  and  settlement  of  Wash- 
ington  CO.  Miso.  in  the  Maine  district ;  it  con- 
tains  about  1000  inhabitants. 

BELLEVILLP:,  v.  Essex  co.  N.  J.;  5  m. 
above  Newark,  on  the  Passaic  river.  At  tiiis 
place,  printing,  bleaciiing,  and  dying  manu- 
factories are  established.  The  calico-printing 
works  produce  annually  near  7,000,000  vards. 

BELLEVILLE,  t.  Wood  co.  Va.  on  the  lell 
bank  of  Ohio  r.  at  the  mouth  of  Lee's  creek. 

BELLEVILLE,  t.  Logan  co.  Ohio. 

BELLEVILLE,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  W.  branch  of  Mohiccon  creek. 

BELLEVILLE,  v.  on  Trade  Water  r.  in 
the  western  part  of  Hopkins  co.  Ken.  200  ni. 
SW.  by  W.  from  Frankfort. 

BELLEVILLE,  v.  Cunecuh  co.  Ala.  70  ni. 
NNE.  from  Pensacola,  and  100  m.  S.  from 
Cahaba. 

BELLEVIEW,  fief  of  L.  C.  in  Surry  co. 
on  tlic  right  bank  of  St  Lawrence,  22  m.NE. 
from  Montreal. 

BELLEVILLE,  parish,  Newbury,  Mass.  1 
m.  from  Newbury  port. 

BELLEVILLE,  t,  and  cap.  St  Clair  co.  II. 
18  in.  from  tlie  Mississippi;  15  £.  from  Caho- 


BEL-BER 


191 


18  m.  N.  froiri 

umbuH. 

N.  C;  SMni. 

t  CO.  Maine;  13 
172  ENE.  from 

Canada,  Hain|>- 
Lawrence  r.  ii4 

o.  Ohio, 
strict,  S.C;  471 

ER,    r.  N.  II. 
d  flows  into  the 

he  Atlantic  near 
35'  W.  lat.  333 

nd  military  post, 

of  the  Missouri, 

from  St.  Louis. 

1  barracks,  sutli- 

■n. 

1  cap.  Centre  co. 
|3H  WNW.  from 
W.  It  has  an 
I  of  boat  naviga- 
egularly  laid  out, 
leniy,  tlic  county 
ited   in  a  fertile 

li  America  at  tlip 
New  Britain  and 
straits  take  also 
21°  33'  W.  from 

ns  into  St.  Clair, 
ices,  and  is  navi- 

otte  CO.  Pa.  8  m. 
iW.  by  W.  from 

!inent  of  Wash- 
district  ;  it  con- 

co.  N.  J. ;  5  m. 

c  river.     At  this 

nd  dying  manii- 

c  calico-printing 

7,000,000  yards. 

;o.  Va.  on  the  Icll 

of  Lee's  creek. 

CO.  Oliio. 

nd  CO.  Oliio,  on 

creek. 

adc  Water  r.  in 
CO.  licn.  200  ni. 

uh  CO.  Ala.  70  ni. 
100   m.  S.  from 

C.  in  Surry  co. 
rence,22ni.NE. 

ewbury,  Mass.  1 

St  Clair  co.  II. 
15  E.  from  Caho- 


kia,  ."iO  N.  from  Kaskaskia,  and  992  from  \V. 
It  is  surrounded  by  a  rich  country,  which  is 
rapidly  increasing  in  population. 

BFJ.LEVILLE,  v.  Mitllin  co.  Pa.  139  m. 
from  W. 

BKLLFIELD,  t.  Greensville  co.  Va.  on  tlie 
i\Iilierrin,  opiKjsite  Ilicksibrd  ;  45  m.  .^  from 
Petersburg. 

DELLINGHAM.t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  26  m. 
SW.  from  Boston.    Vo\).  1,101. 

IJELLONA,  arsenal  aj>d  t.  CMicsterfield,  Va. 
10  Ml.  NE.  fro>i)  Lexington. 

I5ELLOWS    FALLS,  a  catoract    in   the 


sor  NE.  Windham  E.  Berkshire  in  Mass.  S. 
and  Washington  co.  i'..  Y.  W.  It  is  40  ni.  in 
length,  with  a  mean  width  of  17  m.  area  680 
8(1.  ms. ;  its  features  arc  hilly  in  general,  and 
in  part  mountainous.  At  Mount  Anthony  tlicre 
is  a  cave  containing  many  Inauliful  ptitrifac- 
tions.  Staples,  flour,  siilted  provisions,  and 
lumber.  Chief  town,  Bennington.  Pop.  1820, 
16,125 ;  lf^30,  17,470. 

BENNINGTON,  chief  town  of  Bennington 
CO.  Vt.  36  m.  NE.  from  Albany,  36  W.  from 
Brattleborougli,  33  N.  from  Pittsfield,  in  Mass. 
It  is  famous  tor  a  victory  obtained  here,  Aug. 


Connecticut  between  Walpole  and  Rocking-  Kith,  1777,  by  tlie  troops  of  the  U.  S.  under 
ham,  consisting  of  several  pitches  in  a  very '(ien.  Starke,  over  a  delaehment  of  the  British 
narrow  strait  of  the  river.  A  large  rock  here!  army,  or  rather  Hessians,  under  Cols.  Baum 
divides  the  streaui  into  two  channels,  each  !I0  and  |{reyman,  whicii  was  a  prelude  to  the  de- 


feet  wide,  but  when  the  river  is  low  the  whole 
current  is  thrown  into  the  western  channel, 


eisivc;  victory  at  Saratoga,  by  which  Gen.  Bur- 
goyne  and  all  iiis  army  submitted  to  the  U.  S. 
where  it  is  contracted  to  16  feet  and  rushes  army  imder  (Jen.  (tates.    The  princi|Nil  public 
with  astonishing  rapidity.     A  bridge  is  buili ,  edifices  are  a  church,  court-house,  and  jail.    It 


over  these  falls,  and  a   canal   passes    round 
tliem. 

BELLOWS  FALLS,  v.  in  the  township  of 
Rockingham,  Vt.  opiwsitc  the  falls  ;  5  m.  NVV.I 
from  Wuljiole,  26  S.  from  Windsor,  and   1.52 1 
from  W.     It  is  a  flourishing  village,  and  con- 
tains an  Ei)iseopal  church,  a  i)rinting.oflice,  a 
pa|)er-miil,  an  oil-mill,  and  other  mills. 

HELLVILLE,  v.  in  the  NE.  part  of  Rock- 
bridge CO.  Va.  10  m.  NE.  from  Lexington,  and 
151  W.  from  Richmond. 

BELIiVUE,  extensive  prairie  of  La.  in  the 
Opelousas.  It  lies  between  the  waters  of  the 
Techc  and  Vermilion,  and  those  of  tlie  Mci'- 
nientau  r. 

BELMONT,  v.  Hancock  co.  Me.  97  m. 
NE.  from  Portland. 

BELMONT,  v.  Wayne  co.  Miss.  168  m. 
from  St  Charles. 

BELIMONT,  t.  Waldo  eo.  Me.  20  m.  W. 
from  Castinc.     Pop.  1,024. 

BELMf)NT,  CO.  Ohio,  iiaving  Uic  Ohio  r. 
E.  Monroe  co.  S.  Guernsey  W  Harrison  and 
.lefferson  N.  Staples,  grain  and  salted  pro- 
vi.sions.    Chief  town,  Woodficld.    Pop.  24,412, 

BELPRE,  t  Washington  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Ohio  r.  14  m.  SW.  from  Marietta,  319  from 
W.     It  is  a  pleasant  town 

BELVIDERE,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  on  the 
wiiters  of  La  MocUe  r.  38  m.  N.  from  Mont- 
pelier.     Pop.  185. 

BELVIDERE,  t.  Warren  eo.  N.  J.  on  the 
Delaware,  at  the  mouth  of  Pcqucst  r.  11  m. 
NNE.  fronj  Easton,  54  from  Trenton,  208  from 
W.  It  is  a  handsome  village,  has  valuable 
mills,  and  is  the  scat  of  justice  for  the  county. 
Here  is  a  bridge  over  the  Delaware. 

BENEDICT,  t.  Charles  co.  Md.  on  W.  side 
of  the  Patuxcnt ;  68  m.  SW.  from  Baltunore, 
48  from  W. 

BENGAL,  t  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  on  Uie  NE. 
side  of  Oneida  lake,  423  m.  from  W.  It  lies 
on  the  W.  side  of  Rome,  between  Fish  creek 
and  Constantia. 

BENJAMINV'LLE,  v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 
►  299  m.  fVom  W. 

BENNINGTON,  co.  Vt.  forming  tlie  SW. 
angle  of  that  state,  having  RuQaiid  N.  Wind- 


lies  in  lat.  42^  52'  N.  and  Ion.  3^  56'  E.  from 
W.     Pop.  .3,419. 

BENNINGTON,  v.  Mercer  co.  Pa.  on  the 
Shenango,  (iO  m.  NNW.  from  Pittsburg. 

BENNINGTON,  t.  in  the  NE.  quarter  of 
Delaware  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1820,  412. 

BENNINGTON,  t  Licking  co.  Ohio. 

BENNINtJTON,  v.  St  Clair  co.  Ala.  163 
m.  N.  from  Cahalm. 

BENNINGTON,  t  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  15 
m.  SW.  from  Batavia.    Pop.  796. 

BENNSVILLE,  v.  Cliarles  co.  Md.  8  m. 
from  Piscataway,  23  from  W. 

BENSALEM,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  on  the  NW. 
side  of  the  Delaware,  SW.  from  Bristol. 

BENSBOROUGH,  v.  Pitts  co.  N.C.  60  m. 
SE.  from  Raleigh,  278  from  W. 

BENSON,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  E.  lake  Cham- 
plain,  62  m.  S.  from  Burlington,  446  from  W. 
Pop.  1,493. 

BENT  CREEK,  v.  Buckingham  co.  Va.  222 
m.  from  W. 

BENTINCK  POINT,  the  NE.  point  of 
Hcnchenbrook  island,  NW.  coast  of  America. 
Lon.  214'  24'  E. ;  lat.  60=^  28'  N. 

BENTINCK'S  ARMS,  two  branches  of  an 
inlet  on  tlie  NW.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  233" 
to  233°  21'  E. ;  lat.  52°  to  52°  25'  N. 

BENTLEYVILLE,  v.  Halifax  co.  N.C; 
275  m.  from  W. 

BENTON,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  W.  side 
of  Seneca  lake,  339  m.  from  W.  It  lies  on  W. 
side  of  Jerusalem. 

BENTON,  t.  Scott  co.  Mis.  165  m.  from  St. 
Louis. 

BENTON,  North,  v.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. 

BERGEN,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  437  m.  from 
W.    Pop.  1,508. 

BERGEN,  CO.  N.  J.  bounded  NNE.  by  New 
York,  E.  by  tlie  Hudson,  S.  and  SW.  by  Essex 
and  Morris  cos.  and  W.  by  Sussex  co.  Pop. 
22,4l4.    Chief  town,  Ilackensack. 

BERGEN,  t  Bergen  co.  N.J.  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Hudson,  3  m.  W.  from  New  York,  88 
NE.  from  Philadelphia.  Lon.  74°  55'  W.; 
lat.  40°  44'  N. 

BERKHAxMSTEAD,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct. 
The  lands  are  rough  and  broken.    Pop.  1,715. 


102 


BER— BER 


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■  ■    I 
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Riff-N, 

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r  t 

BERKLEY,  t.  BriHtol  co.  Mass. ;  5  m.  S. 
from  Taunton,  36  S.  from  Boston,  484  from  W. 
Pop.  907. 

BERKLEY,  or  Sandtnwn,  v.  Gloucester  co. 
N.  J.  14  ni.  from  Philadelphia. 

BERKLEY,  co.  Va.  bounded  N.  by  the  Po- 
tomac, E.  by  Jefferson  co.  S.  by  Frederick  co. 
and  W.  by  Hampsliirc  co.  Pop.  10,528.  Chief 
town,  Martinsburg. 

BERKLEY  SPRINGS,  t.  Berkley  co.  Va. 
110  m.  from  W.  These  springs  arc  near  the 
town  of  Bath.  The  waters  arc  usetid  to  per- 
sons laboring  under  the  jaundice,  or  affections 
of  the  liver.  They  are  finely  situated,  and 
much  resorted  to  by  gay  and  fashionable  peo- 
ple, as  well  as  by  invalids. 

BERKLEY'S  SOUND,  *^W.  coast  of  Ame 
rica,  70  ni.  SE.  from  Nootka  Sound. 

BERKS,  CO.  Pa.  on  the  Schuylkill.  Pop. 
53,357.  This  is  one  of  the  most  fertile  coun- 
ties in  Pa.    Chief  town,  Reading. 

BERKSHIRE,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  on  Uie 
Missisque  r.  3d  m.  N.  from  Burlington.  Pop. 
1,308. 

BERKSHIRE,  CO.  Mass.  the  VV.  part  of  the 
state.  Pop.  37,825.  Chief  town,  Jjcnox.  It 
is  crossed  from  N.  to  S.  by  tlie  Green  moun- 
tains. Quarries  of  marble  arc  opened  in 
Stoekbridgc,  Sheffield,  Lancsborough,  and  other 
places. 

BERKSHIRE,  t.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.  210  m. 
SW.  from'  Albany.    Pop.  1,683. 

BERKSHIRE,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  10  m. 

E.  from  Doluwarc,  23  N.  from  Columbus. 

BERKSHIRE  VALLEY,  v.  Morris  co.  N.J. 

BERLIN,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.;  14  m. 

NNE.  from  Worcester,  23  W.  from  Boston. 

Pop.  G92. 

BERLIN,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  3  m.  SSW. 
from  Mont|M'litT.     Pop.  1,664. 

BERLIN,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  11  m.  S.  from 
Hartford,  23  N.  from  Hew  Haven,  on  tlie  turn- 
pike road  between  tlicse  two  cities.  It  is  di- 
vided into  three  parisiics,  Worthington,  Ken- 
niugton,  and  New  Britain.  Pop.  3,038.  Wor- 
thington is  the  principal  seat  of  the  manufac- 
ture of  tin  ware,  which  is  carried  on  by  ped- 
lars to  a  very  great  extent.  The  pedlars  set 
off  in  the  autumn  in  wagons  loaded  witli  the 
tin  ware,  together  witli  other  artjcles  of  mer- 
chandise, and  proceed  chielly  to  the  southern 
and  western  states.  Workmen  are  also  sent 
out  by  water  with  a  sufficient  quantity  of  the 
raw  materials  to  employ  them  during  tlie  win- 
ter, and  establish  themselves  in  different  towns 
in  the  interior.  To  them  the  pedlar  resorts, 
when  his  stock  is  exhausted,  for  a  fresh  sup- 
ply. In  this  way  a  large  amount  of  goods  is 
sold  during  the  six  or  eight  months  that  tJiey 
arc  absent,  and  their  tin  ware  is  thus  distrib- 
uted in  all  parts  of  the  United  States. 

BERLIN,  t.  Adams  co.  Pa.  13  m.  W.  from 
York,  100  W.  fi-om  Philadelphia,  89  from  W. 
BERLIN,  t.  Somerset  co.  Pa.  30  m.  WSW. 
from  Bedford,  240  W.  from  Philadelphia,  194 
fromW. 

BERLIN,  t  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  E. 
from  Albany.     Pop.  2,019. 
BERLIN,  New,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  7  m. 


ENE.  from  Norwich,  90  W.  from  Albany,  355 
from  W.    Pop.  1,632. 

BERLIN,  New,  t.  Union  co.  Pa. ;  174  m. 
from  W. 

BERLIN,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  83  m.  N.  from 
Columbus. 

BERLIN,  Coshocton  co.  Ohio. 
BERLIN,  Delaware  co.  Ohio. 
BERLINSVILLE,  v.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 
207  m.  from  W. 

BERMUDA  HUNDRED,  small  settlement 
on  a  point  of  land  between  the  junction  of  tlio 
Appomatox  with  James  river,  2  m.  N.  from 
City  Point,  22  by  land  and  upwards  of  50  by 
the  river  ESE.  from  Richmond. 

BERMUDAS,  or  Smnera'  Islands,  a  cluster 
of  small  islands  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  in  num- 
ber about  400,  but  for  the  most  part  so  small 
and  barren,  that  they  have  neither  inhabitants 
nor  name.  200  leagues  distant  from  Cape 
Hattcras  in  N.  Carolina,  which  last  is  the 
nearest  land  to  them.  They  extend  from  NE. 
to  SW.  about  45  m.  Their  whole  coast  is  sur- 
rounded with  rocks.  The  N.  point  of  tlie 
islands  lies  in  lat.  32°  34'  N.;  Ion.  63='  28'  W. 
The  largest  of  these  islands  are  St.  George; 
which  is  4  or  5  m.  long  and  2  broad ;  St.  Da- 
vid.  Cooper,  Ireland,  Somerset,  Long  Island, 
Bird  Island,  and  Nonesuch.  On  the  first  tfiire 
is  a  town,  containing  about  300  houses.  The 
winter  is  hardly  jjcrceptible  here.  The  fields 
and  trees  are  clad  in  perpetual  green,  and  so 
salubrious  is  the  air,  that  invalids  frequently 
come  hither  for  the  recovery  of  their  health. 
The  Bermudas  contain  from  10,000  to  12,000 
acres  of  jjoor  land,  of  which  nine  parts  in  ten 
arc  either  uncultivated,  or  reserved  in  woods 
for  the  supplying  of  timber  for  building  small 
ships,  slooj)s,  and  shallops  for  sale ;  this  being 
the  prineij)al  cmploynacnt  of  the  inhabitants. 
Pop.  estimated  at  10,381 ;  5,462  of  whom  are 
whites,  and  4,919  are  blacks.  They  have  two 
harvests  of  Indian  com  in  the  year,  one  in 
July,  the  other  in  December.  They  likewise 
cultivate  tobacco,  legumes,  and  fruit  sufficient 
for  their  wants. 

BERMUDIAN,  v.  York  co.  Pa.  48  m.  S. 
from  IJarrisburg. 

BERN,  t.  Albany  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  W.  from 
Albany,  397  from  W.  This  township  contains 
5  houses  for  public  worship. 

BERN,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  Y. 

BERN,  Upper,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa. 

BERN,  Lower,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa. 

BERN,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio. 

BERNARDSTON,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  5 
m.  N.  from  Greenfield,  96  WNW.  from  Boston, 
413  from  W.     Here  is  a  quarry  of  marble. 

BERNARDSTOWN,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.J. 
Pop.  1,879. 

BERNE,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  on  the  Hock- 
hocking,  3  m.  W.  from  Lancaster. 

BERNER'S  BAY,  on  the  NW.  coast  of 
America,  between  Point  Bridget  and  Point  St 
Mary.    Lat.  58°  43  J' N. 

BERR  Y-HILL-BLUFF,  v.  Putnam  co.  Geo. 

BERRYSBURG,  v.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  28  m.  ^ 
from  Harrisburg. 

BERRY'S  FERRY,  over  the  Shenandoah, 


BER— llEU 


103 


o.  Pa.  48  m.  S. 


the  Shenandoah, 


and  t  Frederick  co,  Va.  on  the   road  from 
jA'esburp  to  Winchester,  58  ni.  VV.  from  VV. 

BERRY'S  LICK,  v.  Ix)gan  co.  Ken.  745 
ni.  from  W. 

UERRYSVILT.E,  v.  Chnrles  co.  Md. 

fJERRYSVlLLE,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  N.C. 
-ICO  m.  from  W. 

HKRTHIER,  v.  and  seigniory,  Warwick  co. 
I,.  C"un:ula,  on  tiie  N.  Hiiore  of  the  St  Lawrence, 
Iti  III.  NE.  from  Montreal,  50  SW.  from  Three 
iiivirs.  'I'lie  viilanfc  contains  at  least  80  liouses, 
,111(1  many  gniiiurics,  and  storo-houpcs  of  Brit- 
ish inaniithctnred  goods.  The  neighboring 
country  in  thriving  and  populous,  and  from  it 
hiri'c  (iiiantities  of  grain  are  annually  exported. 

iJERTIIIER,  seigniory,  llertlbrd  co.  L.C. 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  25  in.  E. 
fioMi  tiuebec. 

BEliTIE,  t.  Lincoln  co.  U.  C.  on  lake  Erie, 
i.l  its  eastern  extremity,  having  Niagara  r.  on 
tlio  cast, 

BERTIE,  CO.  N.  C.  on  the  Roanoke,  at  its 
entrance  into  Albemarle  Sound.  Pop.  12^16. 
Chief  town,  Windsor. 

BERWICK,  t.  York  co.  Maine,  on  Salmon 
Fall  r.  IG  m.  NW.  from  Portsmouth.  Tiie 
village  extends  about  2  m.  along  the  r.  and  ear- 
rit's  on  a  considerable  trade,  chieily  in  lumber. 
IJcrwick  has  an  aciidcniy.     Pop,  3,lfiH, 

BI'^.RWICK,  South,  t.  York  co.  Maine,  on 
Salmon  Fall  r.  12  m.  NW.  from  York,  17  N. 
by  W,  from  Portsmouth.  At  the  landing  at  the 
loot  of  the  falls  is  a  flourit.hing  village. 

BERWICK,  t.  Columbia,  co.  Pa.  on  the  E. 
liranch  of  the  Susquehannali,  opposite  the  falls 
in  Ncscofieck  creek,  22A  ni.  above  Sunbury. 

HERWICK,  or  AhLotstown,  Adams  co.  Pa. 
41  m.  SW.  from  Harrisburn". 

Bi:SBOROU(iniSLANI),inNorton  Sound, 
on  the  N  W.  coast  of  America.    Jiat.  63=  10'  N. 

BETFIABARA,  t.  Stokes  co.  N.C.  4  m.  SE. 
Iroiii  Bethania ;  remarkable  lor  being  the  first 
s,'tlli'iiier.t  of  the  Moravians  in  tiiat  section  of 
the  U.S.;  liegun  in  1753. 

BETHANIA,  or  Bethany,  t.  Stokes  co.  N,(\ 
1  m.  N  W,  from  Bethabarn,"i)  N  W.  from  Salem, 
10  SW.  from  Gerinantown,  368  from  W.  It 
is  a  Moravian  town. 

BETHANY,  t,  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  3!)7  ni. 
from  W,    Pop.  2,374. 

BETHANY,  t.  and  cap.  Wayne  co.  Pa.  50 
m.  NE.  from  Wilkcsbarre,  279  from  W. 

BETHANY  (CHURCH,  t,  Iredell  co.  N.C. 
170  m.  W.  from  Raleigh. 

BETHEL,  t.  Oxford  co.  Mamc,  18  m.  NW, 
from  Paris,  170 NNE. from  Boston,  .5!»3  from  W. 

BETHEL,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  2y  m.  NNW. 
from  Windsor. 

BETHEL,  t.  SuHivan  co.  N.  Y.  60  m.  W. 
from  Newburg,  307  from  W. 

BETHEL,  t,  Bedford  co.  Pa. 

BETHEL,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa. 

BETHEL,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  20  m.  NW. 
fioni  Strafford,  26  a  little  N.  of  W.  from  New 
Haven. 

BETHEL,  t.  Lebanon  co.  Pa. 

I'.ETHEL,  t,  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

BETHEL,  t,  York  co.  Mahie,  chiefly  on  the 
>^.  bonk  of  the  Androscoggin  r,     . 


BETilEL,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa. 

1!F:THEL,  t,  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  at  the  foot  of 
the  Blue  iiiKimt.'iin. 

BETI II ;L,  t.  Miami  CO.  Ohio. 

BE'I'HEL,  t.  C;iermont  co.  Ohio,  656  m. 
from  W. 

BETHET,,  t.  Clark  co.  Ohio. 

B1:THLEHEM,  t  Grafton  co.  N.  II.  69  m. 
N.  from  Concord. 

BETHLEHEM,  t.  Albany  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  8  m.  below  Albany.  In  this  town 
two  remarkable  caves  have  lately  been  dis- 
covered. 

BETHLEHE:M,  t,  Ilunterdon  co.  N.  J.  on 
a  branch  of  the  Raritan,     Pop.  1820,  2,002. 

BETHLEHEM,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.  on 
the  Lehigb,  12  in.  SW.  from  Eiiflton,  53  N.  from 
Philadelphiri.  It  is  a  settlement  of  the  Mora- 
vians or  United  Brethren.  The  FJtuation  is 
hcalthfiU  and  pleasant,  and  in  summer  is  fre- 
quented by  travellers  Irom  various  places, 
'i'licre  are  two  boarding  scliofils,  one  for  young 
buiics,  and  the  other  for  boys,  which  are  in 
high  repute,  and  receive  many  scholars  from 
New  York,  Philadelphia,  and  other  ports  of 
the  United  States. 

BETHLEHEM,  f.  Ogletliorpe  co.  Geo.  65 
m.  NNE.  fiom  Millcdgeville. 

BETHLEHEIM,  t.  Clarke  co.  In.  100  m.  S. 
from  Indianapolis. 

BETHLEHEM,  East,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa. 
on  the  Monongahela. 

BETHLEHEM,  Weat,  t,  W^ashington  co. 
Pa. 

BETHLEHEM,  t.  Stark  co,  Ohio. 

BETHT-EHEM'S  CREEK,  or  Vlaman't 
kill,  N.  Y.  runs  into  tlie  Hudson,  7  ni.  below 
Albany. 

BETHLEHEM-CROSS-ROADS,  v.  South- 
ampton CO.  Va. 

BETHLEM,  t  Litchfield  co.  Ct  9  m.  S. 
from  Litchfield,  32  NNW.  from  New  Haven. 
Pop.  906. 

BETHSAIDA,  v.  Jones  co.  Geo.  25  m.  W. 
from  Milledgcvillc. 

BETTSBHRG,  v.  in  .Teruaalem,  Chenango 
CO.  N.  Y.  307  m.  from  W. 

BEVERLY,  t,  and  s-p,  Essex  co,  Mass.  1} 
m.  N,  from  Salem,  16  NNE.  from  Boston,  453 
from  W.  It  is  connected  with  Salem  by  a 
bridge  1,500  feet  in  length.  It  contains  seve- 
ral meeting-houses,  a  bank,  and  an  insurance 
office.  It  is  a  place  of  considerable  trade,  and 
is  largely  concerned  in  the  fisheries.  Pop. 
4,07f). 

BEVERLY,  t  and  cap.  Randolph  co.  Va. 
50  m,  W.  by  N.  from  Frankhn,  280  WNW. 
from  Richmond,  129  from  W.  It  is  handsome- 
ly situated  between  two  branches  of  Tygart's 
Valley  r,  and  is  laid  out  in  3  parallel  streets. 
It  contains  a  brick  court-house,  a  jail,  and  is  a 
place  of  considerable  business, 

BEVERLY,  t.  York  co.  U.  C.  SW.  from 
York, 

BEUF  RIVER,  r,  of  N,  A.  which  runs  into 
the  Mississippi.  Ikju.  91°  34'  W.;  lat  39o 
l.V  N. 

BEUr  RIVER,  r.  of  N.  A.  which  runs  into 
the  .Missouri.   Lon.  Dl"  45'  W. ;  lat.  38"  25'  N. 


194 


BEU— BIiM 


Mi.. 


BEULA,  small  t.  Cambria  co.  Pa.  planted 
chiefly  by  emigrants  from  Wales,  (G.  B.)  about 
60  m.  E.  from  Pittsburfr. 

BIBB,  CO.  Alu.  bounded  N.  l)y  Shelby,  E.  by 
Coosa  r.  8.  by  Autauj(n  and  Ptrry,  and  W.  l>y 
Tuscaloosa.  Caliaba  r.  passes  tliroupli  tills 
county,  and  the  33'  N.  lat.  and  10°  of  Ion.  W. 
from  W.  intercepts  in  its  western  part.  Pop. 
6,305. 

BIBB,  C.  II.  and  t.  Bibb  co.  Ala.  35  m.  SE. 
by  E.  from  Tuscaloosa. 

BIC,  6ei;^niory,  t'ornwallis  co.  L.  C.  on  the 
S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  153  iii.  below 
Quebec. 

BICHE  MARIAS  A  LA,  empties  itself 
mto  lake  Ontario,  at  the  NE.  part  of  the  t.  of 
Grantham,  U.C.  . 

BICKLEY'S  STORE,  t.  Abbeville  district, 
S.  C.  100  m.  W.  from  Columbus. 

BIDDEFORD,  t.  and  s-]).  York  co,  Maine, 
njar  tlie  mouth  of  the  Saco,  on  W.  side  ojipo- 
Bite  Saco,  27  m.  ^E.  from  York,  105  NE.  from 
Boston.     Pop.  1,9<)5. 

BIDDLE,  lake,  one  of  the  sources  of  Big'- 
horn  r.  Is  laid  down  on  McUish's  map  ;  it  is 
at  42°  40'  N.  lat. ;  Ion.  32'  40  W.  from  W. 

BIENVENU,  a  bayou  in  the  parish  of  Or- 
leans,  Lou.  running  E.  into  lake  Uorgne.  By 
this  channel  the  British  army  reached  the  Mis- 
sissippi in  Dec.  1814,  when  marching  upon 
New  Orleans. 

BIEKA,  or  Crah,  one  of  the  Virgin  Islands, 
9  m.  ESE.  from  Porto  Rico.  Lon.  65^  15'  W. 
Lat.  18=  N. 

BIGBAY  SETTLEMENT,  v.  Illinois,  868 
m.  from  W. 

BIGBLACK,  r.  Mississippi,  runs  SW.  170 
ra.  and  falls  into  the  Mississippi  at  the  Great 
Gulf^  50  m.  above  Natchez.  It  is  navigable 
in  wet  seasons  70  m. 

BIGBLUE,  r.  Indiana,  runs  into  tlic  Ohio, 
about  16  m.  W.  from  Corydon. 

BIGBONE  CREEK,  Ken.  runs  N.  into  the 
Ohio,  40  m.  below  Cincinnati.  Bigbone  Licks 
is  8  m.  above  its  mouth,  and  is  a  tract  of  land 
on  each  side  of  tlie  r.  furrowed  by  the  tongues 
of  the  buflaloes  and  deer,  who  lick  it  for  the 
salt  with  which  it  is  impregnated.  It  receives 
its  name  from  the  bones  of  some  enormous 
animal  which  were  found  here. 

BIG  CREEK,  a  branch  of  the  LoosaHatchie 
r.  Shelby  co.  Ten. 

BIGDRY,  r.  N.  A.  which  runs  into  the  Mis- 
souri, 25  ni.  from  Bigdry  Creek. 

BIGDRY  CREEK,  r.  N.  A.  which  runs  into 
tlie  Missouri,  150  m.  W,  of  the  Yellowstone. 

BIG-EAGLE,  t.  Scott  co.  Ken.  25  ra.  from 
Frankfort. 

BIG  EDDY,  r.  Ken.  which  runs  into  the 
Cumberland. 

BIG  FLAT,  V.  in  the  t.  of  Elmira,  Tioga  co. 
N.  Y.  288  m.  from  W. 

BIG  HACHY,  r.  Ten.  and  Mis.  rises  in 
the  latter,  and  flowing  NW.  enters  Henderson 
and  Madison  cos.  in  the  former ;  gradually 
turns  W.  and  falls  in  the  Mississippi  r. ;  lat. 
35°  30'  N. 

BIGHORN,  r.  N.  A.  rises  in  the  Rocky 
mountains,  near  the  sources  of  the  Platte,  and 


falls  into  the  Yellowstone  at  Manuel's  forf, 
Itii  length  is  800  m.  In  its  course  it  receives 
two  considerable  rivers,  one  from  the  W.  and 
one  from  tlie  S.  called  Little  Bighorn  r.  It  in 
unobstructed  by  falls,  and  Is  navigable  to  a 
great  distance  in  canoes,  through  a  rich  open 
country. 

BIGHORN,  Little,  r.  N.  A.;  E.  branch  of 
the  Bighorn. 

BKi  LIC:K,  v.  Botetourt  co.  Va.  2GG  m. 
from  W. 

BKi  Ml'DDY  CRE|]K,  v.  Randolph  co, 
Illinois,  853  m.  from  W. 

BIG  Pl{  Al  \U  E,  t.  near  Wooster,  Wayne  co. 
Ohio, !)()  m.  NE.  from  (Jolumbus. 

BKiPRAIRIE,  1.  New  Madrid  co.  Miso. 

BIGRIVEIJ,  t.  St.  fJciicvievc  co.  Miso. 

BKJUIVER,  t.  .Icflbrson  co,  Miso. 

BIGRIVER  MILLS,  t.  St.  Francis  co.  Miso. 
90  III.  from  St.  Charles. 

BIGROCK,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio. 

BKjROt'K,  t.  Puliiski  co.  .^\jkansas,  extends 
80  m.  along  Arkansas  r. 

BIG-SAN IW,  creek,  Geo.  runs  into  the  Oc- 
onee, about  20  m.  above  Dublin. 

BIG  SANDY,  r.  rises  in  the  Alleghany 
mountains,  near  the  heads  of  the  Tennessee 
and  Cumberland  rivers,  and  falls  into  tlie  Ohio 
r.  between  Virginia  and  Kentucky.  It  is  the 
boundary  between  these  states  lor  nearly  200 
m.  It  Is  navigable  to  the  Wascioto  mountalnfi. 
The  east  branch  joins  tlie  south  or  main 
stream  40  m.  above  Its  entrance  into  the  Ohio. 
The  mouth  of  Little  Sandy  river  is  20  m.  be- 
low that  of  Big  Sandy. 

BKt  SCIOUX,  r.  falls  Into  the  MIssc  ri 
from  the  N.  882  m.  above  its  mouth. 

BIG-SPRINGS,  v.  Washington  co.  Md.  61) 
m.  from  W. 

BIG-SUGAR  CREEK,  v.  Crawford  co.  Pa. 
328  m,  from  W. 

BIG-SWAMP,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Alab.  50 
m.  I'/,  from  Cahawba. 

BIG  WALNUT  CREEK,  large  easterly 
branch  of  Scioto  river,  rises  in  the  NE. 
angle  of  Delaware  co.  Ohio.  Its  course  Is 
nearly  S.  50  m.  through  Delaware,  across 
Franklin,  into  the  N.  border  of.  Pickaway  co. 
where  it  joins  the  Scioto. 

BILL-BIRD'S-KEY,  i.  in  the  Spanish 
Main,  on  the  Musquito  Shore.  Lon.  82°  54' 
W.  lat.  12°  IG'  N. 

BILLERICA,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  1!)  ni. 
NNW.  from  Boston,  456  from  W.  Pop.  1,374. 
It  is  watered  by  the  Concord  and  Shawshcen 
rivers,  and  is  a  pleasant  and  considerable  town. 

BILLIMEAD,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  on  the 
sources  of  Passamsick  river. 

BILLINGSPORT,  v.  N.  J.  on  the  r.  Dela- 
ware, about  12  m.  below  Philadelphia.  Here 
was  a  fortification  during  the  war  of  Indepen- 
dence, which  defended  the  channel  of  the  river, 
imtll  captured  after  an  obstinate  defence. 

BILLUPS,  v.  Dinwiddle  co.  Va.;  156  m. 
from  W. 

BIMINI,  one  of  the  Bahama  islands,  near 
the  channel  of  Bahama,  8  m.  in  length,  and  as 
much  in  breadth.  It  is  very  woody,  and  difli- 
cult  of  access  on  account  of  the  shoals,  but  it 


BTN— BLA 


105 


7.  Randolph  co. 


runs  into  the  Oc 


ima  islands,  near 
in  lengtli,  and  as 
woody,  and  diffi- 
thc  shoals,  but  it 


i«  a  very  pleHsant  pliicc,  nnd  inhabited  by  Uic 
native  Americans.     Lat.  25^0'  N. 

BINUROOK,  t.  in  Lincoln  eo.  U.  C.  be- 
tween  SaUllcct,  (ilandibrd  and  Cii.dtor. 

UINtJIIAM,  t.  Soniorsot  co.  Mu.;  26  m.  N. 
Norriiiirt'wop'i.     I'op.  53iS. 

UlNtiFlA.MPTON,  v.  and  cap.  nrnoine  co. 
in  liie  township  ol'  t'iienanjio,  N.  Y.  at  the 
junction  of  tlic  Clioiiansro  nnd  Unadilla;  41) 
ni.  SW.  Norwicli,  1  k-i  .SW.  Albany,  21)5  lioin 
VV.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  pnitlislied  here. 
It  is  a  tlourisliinij  viliajre,  and  contains  a  court- 
house and  jiiil,  and   has  considerable  trade. 

Pop.  Lari."}. 

BINSDY  MOUNTAINS,  range  of  moun- 
tains in  N.  C. 

Rlift'H  HAY,  on  the  NW.  coast  of  Ameri- 
ca, in  tlie  (Jnlf  of  (icorgia.  Lon.  237°  33'  I]. 
lat.  4S3 .53'  N. 

BIRCH  STREA:\I,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me. 
l.iO  NE.  from  Portland. 

BIRD,  small  island,  or  rather  rock  in  the 
head  of  Niagara  river,  between  the  harbor  of 
Buffalo  nnd  Fort  Erie.  , 

BIRD,  t.  Brown  co.  Ohio. 

BIRDSBOROUOH,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa. ;  on 
SW.  side  of  the  Schuylkill ;  8  m.  SE.  Reading. 

BIRDSTOVVN.v.CapeGirardeau  co.  Miso.; 
939  m.  from  W. 

BIRDSVILLE,  v.  Burke  co.  Geo. 

BIR\IIN(iHAM,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.,  on  E. 
side  Brandywine  creek,  and  bordering  on  Del- 
aware.   Pop.  686. 

BIRMINGHAM,  t.  Centre  co.  Pa.;  213 
m.  from  W. 

BIRMINGHAM,t.Chesterco.Pa.  Pop.290. 

BIRMINGHAM,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.  on 
the  Little  .Tuniatta ;  18  m.  NW.  Huntingdon. 

BISC;AY,  iVipjr,  a  name  given  by  the  S])an- 
iards  to  a  part  of  the  W.  coast  of  Mexico ; 
now  incorporated  with  the  intendency  of  So- 
nora,  Duraniroi  and  Gnadalaxara. 

BISCAY,  7iay  of,  on  the  S.  c^  ist  of  New- 
foundland, between  Cape  Race  and  Cape  Pine. 
Lon.  .53=  6'  W.  lat.  46^  50'  N. 

BISC'AYNO,  isl.  in  the  Gulf  of  Florida. 
Lon.  80=  23'  W.  lat.  25=  55'  N. 

BISHOPSVILLE,v.Sumpter  district, S.C; 
60  m.  SE.  of  Columbia. 

BISTINEAU,  lake,  in  W.  part  of  the  state 
of  Louisiana,  30  or  40  m.  in  length.  It  com- 
municates with  Red  river  on  the  S.  and  the 
Dacheet  fiows  into  its  N.  end. 

BLAClf  BAY,  in  the  Chesapeake,  on  the 
coast  of  Virginia. 

BLACK  BAY,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake 
Superior,  lies  a  little  E.  of  Isle  de  Minatte, 
and  \V.  of  Shanguenac,  U.  C. 

BLACK  CREt:K,  Lincoln  co.  U.  C.  dis- 
charges itself  into  the  river  Niagara,  in  the  t. 
of  Willoughby,  some  m.  above  Chippewa. 

BLACK  CREEK,  r.  N.  J.  which  runs  into 
the  Delaware. 

BLACK  CREEK,  r.  Geo.  which  runs  into 
the  Savannah. 

BLACK  CREEK,  r.  S.  C.  which  runs  into 
the  Pedee. 

BLACK  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
York  river. 


BLACK'S  EDDY,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa. 
BLACK    FOOT    INDIANS,  on   Maria'* 

river,  N.  America. 

BLACK  IIEA  I'll,  r.  Monroe  co.  HI.  110 
m.  SVV.  from  Viauhilia. 

j>LACK  HEATH,  t.  Randolph  co.  lllinoig. 

BLACK  HORSE,  v.  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 

BLAC;K  house  tavern,  v.  Chester 
CO.  Pa. 

BLACK  ISLAND,  t.  Hannah  co.  Me. 

BLACK  LAKE  RIVER,  r.  Louisiana, 
which  rises  in  liighlands  in  NW.  part  of  the 
stale,  pursues  a  S.  course,  passes  through  Black 
Lake,  which  is  15  or  .20  in.  in  length,  and 
joins  the  Saline  8  NE.  Natchitoches,  to  form 
the  Rigolet  de  Bon  Dieu. 

BLACK  LAKE,  or  Oswegatchie  Lake,  lake, 
in  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.;  20  ni.  long,  and  2 
broad;  S.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  is  nearly  parallel 
to  the  St.  Lawn-nee,  about  4  m.  distant.  It 
conmmnicates  with  the  Oswegatchie  by  an 
outlet  3  or  4  in.  long. 

BLACK  lilCK,  t.  Indiana  co.  Pa. 

BLACK  LK^K,  r.  Ohio  which  joins  Big 
Walnut  river,  10  m.  SF).  Columbus. 

BLACKMAN'S  STORE,  t.  Sampson  co. 
N.  C. ;  85  m.  SSE.  from  Raleigh. 

BLACK  MOUNTAIN,  nit.  N.  11.  in  Peel- 
ing and  liincoln  ;  NE.  of  Moosehillock. 

BLACK  RIVER,  r.  Vt.  which  rises  in 
Greensborough,  and  runs  into  Lake  Mem- 
phremagog. 

BLACK  RIVER,  r.  S.C.  rises  in  Kenshaw, 
and  flowing  SE,  crosses  Williamsburg,  into 
Georgetown  district,  and  falls  into  Winyaw 
Bay  at  Georgetown. 

BLACK  RIVER,  r.  Vt.  which  rises  in  Ply- 
mouth,  and  runs  into  the  Connecticut  opposite 
Charlcstown. 

BLACK  RIVER,  r.  N.  Y.  which,  after  a 
NW.  course  of  120  m.  flows  into  Hungary 
Bay,  in  Lake  Ontario,  N.  of  Sackct's  Harbor. 
It  has  a  passage  under  ground  nearly  a  mile, 
at  a  distance  of  a  few  miles  from  its  mouth. 

BLACK  RIVER,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs  SSE. 
into  Cape  Fear  river,  23  ni.  above  Wilmington. 

BLACK  RIVER,  a  name  eiven  to  the  Ou- 
achitta,  aflcr  the  junction  of  the  Tensaw  and 
Ocatahoola.  Its  course  from  the  junction  to 
its  union  with  Red  river,  is  very  winding,  and 
is  30  rn.  in  length. 

BLACK  RIVER,  Big,  r.  Mis.  which  rises 
between  the  head  waters  of  the  Yazoo  and 
Pearl  river,  and  pursuing  a  SW.  course  of 
alxjut  170  m.  flows  into  the  Mississippi  above 
the  Grand  Gulf.     Lat.  32=  2'  N. 

BLACK  RIVER,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into 
Lake  Erie,  27  ni.  W.  of  the  Cuyahoga. 

BLACK  RIVER,  r.  S.C.  which  runs  into 
the  Pedee,  lon.  !)!)=  5'  W.  lat.  33=  29'  N. 

BliACK  RIVER,  r.  America,  which  runs 
into  Lake  Michigan. 

BLACK  RIVER,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

BLACK  RIVER,  Michigan  Territory, runs 
W.  into  Lake  Michigan,  N.  of  tJie  river  St 
Joseph's. 

BLACK  RIVER,  Lou.  formed  by  the  junc 
tion  of  the  Ocatahoola,  Washitau,  and  Ten- 
saw,  flows  S.  by  a  very  circuitous  channel  of 


i 

'   'I 

i-;t 


106 


BLA— BLA 


-I  •  '#*: 


40  m.  and  fulls  into  Red  river  30  ni.  tilmw 
iU  mouth. 

BL  A(  ;K  RIVER,  Miso.  rises  near  the  sources 
of  the  Merrimack  nnd  the  (Jnucoiinde,  and 
running  in  a  southerly  direction  is  joined  by 
Current,  Thomas,  Sprinir,  and  Strawl)crrv, 
large  rivers  from  the  wtsf,  after  which  it 
flows  into  the  Arkansas  Territory  nnd  iiiiit(  s 
with  the  White  river  50  m.  Itelow  the  town  of 
Lawrence.  It  is  navigable  more  than  100  ni. 
for  large  boats.  It  flows  througli  a  very  fer- 
tile eonntry. 

BLACK  RIVER,  t.  Wayne  co.  Miso. 

BLACK  ROC'K,  v.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Niagara,  2  m.  below  Buffiilo.  It  is  the  station 
for  the  steam-boats  and  otlier  vessels  employed 
in  the  navigation  of  Lake  Erie,  and  tlie  lakes 
above.  A  mole  is  now  constructed  for  tlic 
purpose  of  forming  a  harbor  in  the  river  oppo- 
site to  this  village.  It  extends  from  liird  Isl- 
and in  liakc  Eric  to  Squaw  Island  below  the 
Rapids  in  Niagara  river,  and  thence  to  tlie  U. 
States  shore,  t^us  forming  a  harbor  of  2  m.  in 
length  and  of  the  capacity  of  200  iicres,  open- 
ing at  one  end  into  the  lake  by  a  mouth  20 
pods  wide,  and  at  the  other  connected  with  tlie 
Eric  canal  which  is  supplied  from  it  with 
water.  The  first  pier,  wliich  was  snnii  on  Ttli 
Sept.  1822,  is  50  feet  long,  18  wide,  and  14 
high,  composed  of  a  strong  frame  of  white-oak 
timber,  filtod  with  bOO  or  700  tons  of  stone. 

BLACK  ROCK,  v.  Erie  co.  N.  Y.  dn  lake 
Erie,  4  m.  N.  Buffalo.  It  is  a  small  viliafre 
with  a  harbor  artificially  improved  by  a  pier. 
The  seams  and  patches  of  dark-colored  chert 
in  the  lime-stone  here,  have  given  ita  name  to 
this  place. 

BLACK  ROCK,  small  harbor,  Fairfield  co. 
Ct  W.  of  Bridgeport. 

BLACKSTONE,  a  river  rising  near  Wor- 
cester, Mass.  and  flowing  into  Nariigansct 
Bay  near  Providence.  Along  the  valley  of 
this  river  is  the  Blackstone  canal  extending 
from  Worcester  to  Providence,  45  m.  It  con- 
tains 48  locks  built  of  hammered  stone,  and  is 

34  feet  wide  at  tfieflurface,  and  4  feet  deep.  It 
was  built  at  a  cost  of  §600,000,  and  finislud  in 
1828.  The  navigation  upon  it  is  flourishing : 
the  produce  of  the  iaterior  of  Massuchusetts 
folds  by  its  means  a  ready  market  in  the  com- 
mercial city  of  Providener. 

BLACK  STOCKS,  v.  <  hester  district,  S. 
C;  470  m.  from  W. 

BLACK  SWAMP,  v.  in  St.  Peter's  Parish, 
S.  C. ;  644  m.  from  W. 

BLACK  WALNUT,  v.  Halifax  co.  Va.  100 
m.  SW.  Richmond ;  256  m.  from  W. 

BLACK  WARRIOR,  r.  Ala.  It  is  the 
principal  eastern  branch  of  tlie  Tombigbec, 
and  joins  the  main  river  80  m.  above  St.  Ste- 
phen's, and  is  navigable  60  or  70  m.  It  rises 
not  far  south  of  the  river  Tennessee. 

BLACKBURN  SPRINGS,  v.  Johnson  co. 
Tenn. 

BLACKFORD,  t  Posey  co.  Indiana,  about 

35  m.  S.  by  W.  from  Princeton. 
BliACKSBURG,  v.  Montgomery  co.   Va. 

317  m.  SW.  Richmond. 
BLACKSBURG  and  BLACKSVILLE,  2 


towns  on  the  river  Alabama,  in  Monroe  co. 
Ainb. 

BLACKSTOCK'S  HILL,  eminence  in  S. 
('.  nciir  tlie  river  Tyger.  In  ITf^O,  an  action 
was  fought  here  bctwrrn  the  Dritish  under 
fJcneral  'I'arlelon,  inul  the  Anierieuns  niidcr 
(irncral  Suinptcr,  in  which  the  Ibrmer  were 
defeated. 

«T,A('K!iT()NE'S  ISLAND,  small  island, 
Va.  in  tile  iVoiii.ie. 

BLACK  WA'l'KlJ,  r.  N.  H.  which  flows  into 
tlie  C'onloocof)k,  in  NR  part  of  Ilo[»kinton. 

ULACKWATER,  r.  Va.  which  joins  Uie 
Nottoway,  to  form  the  Chowan. 

BLAt'KVVATEK,  r.  Vu.  which  runs  into 
Iho  sea,  at  Ulack  Bay,  Ion.  76^  10'  W.  lat. 
36^  30'  N. 

BLACK  WATER,  r.  Md.  which  runs  info 
Uie  ("iicsapenke. 

BLADEN,  a  county  in  tlie  S.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  bordering  on  the  mnritinie  county 
of  Brunswick.  It  is  intersected  by  Ca\)c  Fcnr 
river.  Pop.  7,801.  Elizabethlown,  Jib  m.  S. 
of  Ralcijrh,  is  the  eliief  town. 

PLADENSIUJRG,  a  town  of  Maryland,  in 
(ieorge  county,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Potomiic, 
!•  in.  li-oiii  its  mouth,  at  Washington,  and  .^■< 
!-i\V.  of  Baltimore.  Tiie  Ainerienn  army  sus- 
tained a  defeat  by  the  British  at  this  place,  on 
the  24th  of  August,  1814,  in  attempting  to  ar- 
rest  the  progress  of  the  British  towards  Wash- 
ington. 

BLACKS  AND  WHITES,  t.  Nottaway  cc 
Va.  60  m.  SW.  ii-om  Richmond. 

BLACKSBURt;,  or  Blackshluff,  v.  on  th< 
left  bank  of  Alabnma  r.  60  m.  NE.  from  ^'t. 
Stephens,  and  55  SW.  from  Cahalm. 

BLACKWATEK,  creek,  Pickaway  co. 
Oliio. 

BLACKWATER,  r.  Michigan,  whicli  runs 
into  lake  Michigan,  20  m.  N.  of  the  St 
.Josephs.  It  ia  60  m.  in  length,  and  navigable 
in  canoes  nearly  to  its  source. 

BLAIR'S  FERRY,  t.  Roane  co.  Ten.  near 
Kingston,  and  160  m.  E.  from  Murfrecsbo- 
rough. 

BLAIR'S  GAP,  t.  in  the  western  part  of 
Huntingdon  co.  Pa.  120  m.  W.  from  Harris- 
burg. 

BLAIRSVILLE,  v.  Indiana  co.  Pn.  184  m. 
W.  of  Harrisburg. 

BLAIRSVILLE,  v.  York  district,  S.  C.  450 
m.  from  W. 

BLAIZE,  Cape,  W.  Plorida,  between  the 
bays  of  Apalache  and  St.  Josepli. 

BLAKEIjY,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa. 

BLAKELY,  t.  Mobile  co.  Ala.  on  the  Ten- 
saw  or  eastern  outlet  of  Mobile  r.  10  m.  from 
Mobile  bay,  and  15  ENE.  from  the  to\vn  of 
Mobile,  Lat.  30'=  43'  N.  Its  site  is  an  elegant 
and  pleasant  spot,  well  supjilied  with  good 
water.  It  is  also  well  situated  for  commerce; 
vessels  drawing  11  feet  of  water  can  enter  tlie 
port  at  full  tide,  and  the  same  wind  tliat 
enables  a  vessel  to  enter  Mobile  bay  will  carry 
her  to  the  wharves  of  Blakely.  It  is  also  con- 
nected by  a  good  road  with  tlie  rapidly  im- 
proving country  on  tlio  Alabama.  The  settle- 
ments commenced  in  1817- 


BLA— T5M) 


197 


I  Monroe  co. 

riincncn  in  S. 
X),  nn  notion 
llrilisl\  under 
L'riciins  under 
;  tormcr  were 

),  small  inland, 

liicli  flows  into 
IJopliinton. 
liich  joins  the 

licli  runs  inlu 
5^  10' W.  lat. 

Iiich  runs  into 

!.  part  of  North 
\ritinic  county 
I  by  OajH;  Fear 
Lown,  i)H  ni.  S. 

if  Maryland,  in 
of  the  Potoiniic, 
lington,  and  .'i8 
rican  army  sus- 
it  this  place,  on 
ttcmpting  to  ar- 
>  towards  Wash- 

t.  Nottaway  ct 
[1. 

■Muff,  V.  on  thf 
1.  NE.  from  f't. 
ihalm. 

Pickaway    co. 

^an,  which  runs 

N.   of  the  St. 

I,  and  navigable 

le  CO.  Ten.  near 
)m   Murfrecsbo- 

ivestcrn  part  of 
V.  from  Harris- 

a  CO.  Po.  184  m. 
;i8trict,S.C.450 

la,  between  the 
■ph. 
Pa. 

\la.  on  the  Ten- 
Ic  r.  10  m.  from 
)m  the  to\vn  of 
itc  is  an  elegant 
•lied  with  good 
1  for  commerce ; 
or  can  enter  the 
iame  wind  tliat 
le  bay  will  carry 
.  It  is  also  con- 
tlie  rapidly  im- 
ma.    The  settle- 


BLAKESRURG,  t.  Pinolv cot  co.  Me.  tii) 
■n.  N.  from  Haii>ror.    Pop.  4(1.'?. 

BFiANCO,  rape  of  N.  Ainerirn,on  the  coast 
of  the  Paciiic  ocean.  I,at.  i:)^  -'.'J'  N. ;  loii. 
JT'  \V.  from  W. 

r.LA.VDFORD,  f.  OvfJ^nl  co.  I'.  C.  on  tlir 
Thnniis. 

ULAM)r<  )Un,  t.  I'riiiri-  r.rnrsv  ro.  V;i. 
oil  S.  .side  of  tlu"  Ap])0!ii;ilox,  hordcrinir  on  Pc- 
lershurp,  and  included  within  tjie  lioroujrh  of 
IVtiTsiiiurir. 

nr.AM>FORD,  t.  riampdrn  eo.  Mns>..  Id 
m.  U'.  from  Spriii^rndd,  1  Hi  WSW.  from  I5os- 
toii.  iind  :«.-l  froiri  \V.    Po;..  J,.'');)!, 

IU,\NM:RIiASS[:'I"S  ISLAND,  i.sl.  in 
the  Ohio,  op])osile  Hilpre;  l.'i  iii.  below  Ma- 
ricttii.  It  is  a  beautiful  and  fertile  islimd, 
containinc  about  .'100  acres.  It  is  bo  named 
from  a  Mr.  Blanncrliasset,  an  Iiisli  irentlcin.in 
of  large  fortune,  who  having,  with  l.is  fiunily, 
left  Ireland  in  1801,  ])urchascd  and  removed 
to  this  island,  where  he  reiired  a  costly  and 
splendid  edifice  for  his  dwelliiig-hoase.  A  con- 
siderable part  of  the  island  was  laid  out  in 
gardens  after  the  most  ajjproved  models  of 
Euro|)can  taste,  and  the  whole  scenery  com- 
bined, seemed  like  tile  fubled  fields  of  I'lysimn. 
lUit  the  house  was  most  unfortunately  burnt 
down  in  Dec.  IblO,  and  shortly  afterwards, 
the  garden  was  totally  destroyed,  and  lew  or 
no  vestiges  now  remain  of  its  transient  splen- 
dor and  magnificence. 

BLAS,  SAN,  a  seaport  town  of  Mexico,  on 
nn  island  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kio  (Grande,  or 
Santiago  r.  which  falls  into  the  Pacific  ocean 
in  lat.  ap  30'  N.  and  104=  4G'  W.  Ion. 

BLEDSOE,  CO.  in  AV.  part  of  Ten.  Chief 
town,  Pikeville.     Pop.  G,448. 

BLENHEIM,  t.  Schoharie,  co.  N.  Y.  47  m. 
SW.  from  Albany.    Poj).  2,2S0. 

BLENHEIM,  t.  in  the  W.  Riding  of  the 
CO.  of  York,  lies  to  the  northward  of  Dundas- 
street,  opposite  Benford,  U.  C. 

BLENHEIM,  t.  Oxford  co.  U.  C. 

BLEURIE,  Seigniory,  Bedford  co.  L.  C.  on 
the  r.  Sorel,  25  m.  SE.  from  MontreiJ. 

BLIGH'S  ISLAND,  off"  the  NW.  coast  of 
America,  in  Prince  William's  sound.  Lon. 
21.3043'  E.;  lat.  60°  52' N. 

BLOCK  ISLAND,  off  the  coast  of  Rhode 
Island,  24  m.  SSW.  from  Newport,  21  E.  by 
N.  from  Montauk  point  on  Long  Island.  It 
constitutes  the  town  of  New  Shoreham,  in 
Newport  co.  It  is  about  7  m.  long  and  4 
broad.  Pop.  955.  Lon.7P30'W.;  lat.  41' 8' N. 

BLOCKLEY,  t  Philadelphia  co.  Pa.  on  W. 
side  of  the  Schuylkiir;  3  m.  W.  from  Phila- 
delphia. 

BLOODY-BROOK,  v.  Franklin  co.  Mass. 
100  m,  NW,  by  W.  from  Boston. 

RL(30DY-RUN,  t  Bedford  co.  Pa. 

BLOOM,  t  Columbia  co.  Pa. 

BLOOM,  t.  Scioto  co.  16  m.  E.  of  Ports- 
ntouth,  Ohio. 

BLOOM,  t.  Morgan  co.  Ohio. 

BL(X)M,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa. 

BLOOM,  t  Fairfield  co.  Ohio. 

BLOOMFIELD,  t  Somerset  co.  Maine,  en 


\\.  side  of  (III'  Keimeberk,  opfmsitc  Canaan  ; 
5  ni.  E.  tiom  Norridirewock.  It  is  a  consider- 
alil"  town.  ;iiid  rontiiins  nn  neadcinv. 

11L0()\11'|I:LI),  f.  Ont.irio  eo.  N.  Y.  It  is 
a  large  and  e\ei  Unit  ncriculturnl  town,  di- 
vided into  I).  .-iiMi  W.  I!liH>iiili<  Id;  I'..  Bioom- 
(ield  is  (I  111.  \V.  fro:;!  ( 'iin.inil.iiu-M.i,  and  373 
from  W.  W.  I!l(X)hifield,  or  iiloomville,  is  12 
I  in.  \V.  irdiii  (V.tinndaigiiii. 

ULOOMFIKLl).  t.  Essex  co.  N.  .L  5  m. 
I  \\V.  I'loiii  Newark.     It  is  a  pleasant  village, 
I  iuid  eonliiins  an  aeadeiny.     In  its  neighbor- 
!kx)(I  lire  (]uarrii's  ot"  freestone. 

IlLOOMriKLD,  v.  Loudon  co.  Va. 

I!r,n()MlIi;i,I),  V.  Nelson  co.  Ken. 

IILOOMFIKLI),  t.  .Faekson  ro.  Ohio. 

BLOOMFIELD,  t. Trumbull  co.Ohio;  34fi 
m.  li-om  W. 

Br,OOMFIELT),  t.  Pickaway  CO.  Ohio;  8 
m.  N.  from  ('ir(;leville,  and  17  S.   from   Co- 
'  lumbus. 

BI-OOM FIELD,  t.  Crawford  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
114. 

BLOO:\IFIELD,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  14 
m.  W.  from  Steubenville. 

BLOOMFIELD,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  in 
1820,  4(iM. 

BL()OMI=lELD,  V.  Oakland  co.  Mich.  18 
m.  from  Detroit. 

BL0<)MIN(;BURG,  v.  Fayette  co.  Ohio, 
35  m.  SE.  from  Columbus. 

BLOOMINfJBURG,  v.  SuUivan  co.  N.  Y. 
100  m.  from  Albany. 

BLOOMINGBURG,  v.  in  Mamakating,  N. 
York. 

BLOOM  INGDALE,  v.  on  the  Hudson,  7 
m.  above  N.  York. 

BLOOMING  GROVE,  v.  Richland  co. 
Ohio, 

BLOOMING  GROVE,  t.  Richland  co. 
Ohio.     Pop.  in  1820,  108. 

BLOOMIN(;  (;K0VE,  t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 
12  m.  W.  from  West-Point,  and  258  from  W. 
Pop.  2,0!):). 

BLOOMINGSBURG,  v.  Fayette  co.  Ohio, 
40  m.  SW.  from  (>)lumbus. 

BLOO.MINGTON,  v,  cap,  Monroe  co,  In- 
diana, 70  m.  NE.  from  Vincennes. 

BLOOMSBURG,  v.  Halifax  co.  Va. 

BLOOMSBURG,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 
near  the  entrance  of  the  Musconecunk  into 
the  Delaware. 

HLOOMSBURG,  v.  Columbia  co.  Pa.  on 
Fishing  creek,  and  on  the  road  from  Danvillo 
to  Nescopeck. 

BLOOMSBURG,  v  Northumberland  co.  Pa, 

BLOOMIN(iVILLE,  v.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

BL(X)MSVILLE,  v.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  13 
m.  from  Cariandaigua. 

BLOOMVILLE,  v.  Del.  co,  N.  Y,  by  the 
post-road  117  m,  SW,  from  Albany.  See 
Bloomsville,  Del.  co.  N.  Y. 

BLOl^NT,  CO.  East  Ten.  Chief  town,  Ma- 
rvville.     Pop.  11,027. 

"  BLOUNT,  CO.  of  Ala.  Pop.  4,233.  Blounts- 
ville  is  the  capital. 
BLOUNTSVILLE,  v.  Jones  co.  Geo, 
BLOUNTSVILEE,  t  and  cap.  Sullivan  ca 


Ut 


198 


BLU— U()(J 


ivm 


(iii; 


Ten.  130  m.  ENE.  from  Knoxvill.Mirul  l-JR 
fromW. 

BI.I'E  ANnrOR,  V.  (iloticcKtrr  co.  N.  J. 
16.1  m.  from  W, 

HM'E  KMl'l'U  RIVER,  r.  I-a.  wlii.li  runs 
into  the  Knnsiis, 

IJIiHE  I'll'lfil),  r.  .\.  Anuricn, wliicli  srpa- 
ralcH  HoiuliiriiM  Irnm  Nicanijrim,  iiiid  is  dis- 
ehnrjrcd  into  Uliu'licld's  bay.  Eon.  4-'  3U'  VV.; 
lat.  123  N. 

BLUEFIEED'S  H\Y,on  tlic  SW.coastof 
Jamainn.     F/m.  7s    \V.;  lat.  IH-  10'  N. 

HLI'EIIIIJ,,  t.  Hancock  co.  Mc.  Pop. 
l,4Ili).  It  standH  upon  a  bay  lii  ni.  ME.  from 
Casfinc. 

Ur<UE    IllliliS,    rid>r(^   of   mountains    in 

Nottingham,  Harrington,  and  Rochester,  N.  II. 

BLUEHIEI.  RAY,  ofV  the  coast. of  Maine, 

on  W.  side  of  Mount  DcBcrt  island ;  12  m.  10. 

from  Penobscot  hay. 

BLUE  lilCIvS,  several  salt  springs  on 
Licking  r.  Ken. 

BLUE  LICK,  {Upper,)  v.  Flcniinir  co.  Ken. 
522  m.  from  W. 

BLUE  LK:K,  (Lnicfr,)  sec  Elllsville. 
BLUE  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  Pcclinfr,  N.  H. 
E.  of  Mooschillock. 

BLUE  MOUNTAINS,  several  mountains 
BO  called  in  diflcrent  parts  of  the  world  ;  viz. 
Ist,  intersecting  the  island  of  Jamaica  from 
east  to  west.  North  Peak  is  8,180  feet  above 
the  level  of  tiic  sea;  2d,  the  most  easterly 
ridge  of  the  Apalaciiians,  in  the  state  of  Penn- 
sylvania, extending  in  a  south-west  direction, 
from  the  Delaware  to  the  south  of  the  Susquc- 
hannah  r.  altitude,  .1,000  to  4,000  feet ;  .3d,  a 
more  southern  branch  of  the  same  ridge,  ex- 
tending in  the  same  direction  from  tlie  north 
of  the  Potomac  r.  through  the  state  of  Va. 
into  North  Carolina.  Otter  Peak  is  .3,103  feet 
high,  and  is  the  highest  point  in  all  Virginia. 
The  passage  of  the  Potomac  r.  through  this 
ridge  is  peculiarly  grand. 

BLUE  RIDGE,  or  South  Mountains,  range 
of  mountains,  beginning  in  North  Carolina, 
and  crossing  the  state  of  Virginia,  from  north 
to  south,  about  200  m.  from  the  sea. 

BLUE  RIVER,  one  of  the  head  branches 
of  Red  r.  La. 

BLUE  RIVER,  (Big,)  r.  Indiana,  which 
flows  into  the  Ohio,  2  m.  VV.  from  Leven- 
worthville. 

BLUE  RIVER,  (Little)  r.  Indiana,  which 
flows  into  the  Ohio,  10  or  12  miles  below  Big 
Blue  river. 

BLUE  ROCK,  r.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  on 
Muskingum  r.  8  m.  below  Zanesville. 

BLUE  STONE,  r.  Giles  co.  Va.  which  runs 
into  the  Great  Kenhawa. 

BLUE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS,  1.  Monroe 
CO.  Va.  These  mineral  waters  are  situated 
near  tlie  Kenhawa  r.  40  m.  SW.  from  Lewis- 
burg,  and  23?  W.  from  Richmond. 

BLUE  WATER,  t.  Lauderdale  co.  Ala.  260 
m.  NW.  from  Cahaba. 

BLUE  WATER,  r.  southern  branch  of  the 
Miso.  which  it  joins  9  m.  below  the  mouth  of 
the  Kansas. 


BLUFF  POINT,  cap<-  on  the  coast  of  N. 

Carolina. 

BLUFF  SPRIN(JS,  v.  .Tetlerson  co.  Miw, 
HMFTON,  v.  Ray  eo.  Missouri,  on   the 
letl  bank  of  the  Missouri  r.  280  m.  above  St. 
Louis, 

ltl,riTO\,  t.  Howard  ro.  Miso. 
BOALSHI'Ut;,  V.  Centre  co.  Pa.  115  m. 
NW.  Irnui  lliirrisburg. 

ROARDMAN,  t.  Trumbull  co.Ohio;  10m. 
SM.  from  Warren. 

R(  >AT  RU.\,  V.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  near  a 
rivulet  of  the  same  name, 

ItOAl'-VARI),  V.  Sullivan  co.  Ten.  upon 
the  Natouga  r.  Hi  m.  below  Rlountsville. 

BOCA  ESCONDIDA,  bay,  in  the  bay  of 
Canififacliy,  on  the  coast  of  Yucatan.  Lat. 
18^.')0'N. 

BtK'ALIEU,  isl.  near  the  E.  coast  of  New- 
foundland.  Lon.  52^  26'  W.;  lat.  46^  l.V  N. 
B0DI:AU,  a  considerable  lake  in  NW.  part 
of  La.  Red  r.  flows  through  it.  A  river  of 
the  same  name  runs  into  the  N.  end  of  the 
lake. 

BODEGA,  /V/,on  the  NW^  coast  of  Amer- 
ica. Lat.  38 3  28'  N.  The  Russians  have  had 
a  settlement  at  this  place  since  1817. 

BODET,  river  au,  U.  C.  in  tlie  t.  of  Lan- 
caster, falls  into  lake  St.  Francis,  E.  of  Point 
au  Bodct. 

IMJDKIN'S  POINT,  cape,  on  the  coast  of 
Maryland,  in  Chesapeake  bay. 

BODWELL'S  FALLS,  on  the  Merrimack, 
between  Andovcr  and  Methuen. 

BOEUF,  £,e,  lake  in  Erie  co.  Pa.  discharges 
its  waters  into  French  creek,  branch  of  Ohio. 
The  jKirtage  from  Ia'.  Boeuf  to  Presque  Isle, 
on  lake  Eric,  is  about  14  m. 

BOEUF,  r.  of  Arkansas,  and  Louisiana.  It 
rises  in  the  former,  interlocking  its  sources 
with  those  of  the  Mason  and  Barthelemy, 
flows  S.  enters  I^a.  and  turns  to  SW.  by  S. 
Continuing  that  course  upwards  of  100  m.  be- 
tween  Washitau  and  Mason,  joins  the  former 
opiKisitc  the  W.  end  of  the  Sicily  island,  at  N. 
lat.  31=  47'. 

BOEUF,  r.  which  rises  in  the  Miso.  terri- 
tory, enters  La.  and  joins  the  Ouachitta,  14 
m.  above  the  Tensaw.  Its  general  course  is 
S.  and  it  is  alwut  240  m.  long  without  regard 
to  its  windings.  It  is  navigable  for  some  dis- 
tance. 

BOEUF,  t.  Franklin  co.  Miso. 
BOEUF,  Bayou,  or  creek  of  La.  rises  in 
the  pine  forests,  between  Opelousas  and  the 
rapids  of  Red  river,  flowing  first  NE.  turns 
gradually  to  SE.  enters  on  the  low  lands  S.  of 
Red  river,  and  after  continuing  to  flow  by 
compar.ativc  courses  60  in.  unites  with   the 
Crocodile  to  form  the  Courtableau  river. 
BOGGS,  t.  Centre  co.  Pa. 
BOGUE,  small  isl.   in   the  Atlantic,  near 
the  coast  of  N.  Carolina. 

BOGUE  CHITTO,  t.  Lawrence  co.  Miss: 
BOGUE  CHITO,  r.  Miss,  which  runs  SSE. 
80  m.  and  joins  Pearl  river  20  m.  above  the 
Rigolets. 
•BOGUE  INLET,  narrow  channel  between 


Hon— HOU 


100 


oast  of  N. 


CO.  Miw. 

iri,  nn  tlip 
11. 


!il)ove  St. 


Pa.  115  m. 

Ohio;  10  in. 

Ohio,  near  a 

I.  Trn.  upon 
ritsvillo. 
I  the  bay  of 
icatan.     Lat. 

'oast  of  Ncw- 
.t.  46^  l.V  N. 
3  in  NVV.  part 
t.    A  river  of 
N.  end  of  the 

coast  of  Amer- 
sians  liave  had 

1817. 

tlie  t.  of  lion- 
3is,  E.  of  Point 


on 


the  coast  of 


the  Merrimack, 

1. 
Pa.  discharges 

ancli  of  Ohio. 
Prcsque  Isle, 

Louisiana.  It 

nir  its  sources 

Bartlielemy, 

to  SW.  by  S. 

ds  of  100  in.  be. 

joins  the  former 

ly  island,  at  N. 

the  Miso.  tcrri- 
ic  Ouaciiitta,  U 
encral  course  is 
r  without  regard 
'ble  for  some  dis- 

ISO* 

of  La.  rises  in 
lelousas  and  the 

first  NE.  turns 
^i  low  lands  B.  of 
uin^  to  tlow  by 
unites  witli  the 
Jeau  river. 

,c  Atlantic,  near 

jrcnce  co.  Miss: 
which  runs  SSE. 
20  m.  above  the 

channel  between 


\\cvw  and  anotlur  ialniid   Itudjng  to  Whitf  on  the  .Mi!i8isHippi ;  it  prodiiros  su^rar,  cotton, 
Oak  river.  iudiijo,  rice,  lotKioo,  Hwcit  |)otatofH,  maize,  or- 

UOIIK,  r.  .M(l.  runs  into  the  ('hcsaix-iikf.       aiiL"s.  jmik  lus,  and  tif;i». 

UOllK.MIA,  r.  ,Md.  nms  into  Elk  i.  II  ni.       |{(»N(),  i.  I.iiwrencc  co.  Ind.  100  in.  SSW. 
Ix^low  KIktiin.  llViMn  ln<li;iiiapiili!<. 

IMUS  lU-ANC,  is!.  !it  thr  lowcrrndofiJros       IIO.NO,  l,  nrniifjc  co.  Ind.  15  ni.  N.  from 
Isle  in  till'  nioiitii  of  Ditrnif   r.  liclniiciiiir  to'Piioli. 

t'liimda.    Tiir  castirn  cIliiiikI,  bitwccn  it  and  j      HON   PAS,  1.  Wiiite  no.  11.  70  m.  SE.  from 
the  Canada  nliorc,   is  alioiit  one  Iniirth  ol'  aiVandalia. 


mile  wide,  and  is  deep  eii<)ii!;li  l(>r  the  larq;eKl 
vessel;  the  western  is  niiieli  wider,  hut  is 
shallow,  and  lull  ol'  small  islands. 


HO.NSKCorrSS,    seigniory,   Richelieu   co. 
I..  ( '.  .'17  ni.  Nil.  from  Montreal. 

lU  )NSl';c'(  )l,'US,  SI  i^rniory,  IJuckiiiRliam  co. 


UOl.S  liF.ANC,  isl.  in  lake  liurnn,  between '  F,.  ('.  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrenee,  2'2 
the  island  of  .Micliiliniaekinae  and  the.  ]ienin-!in.  S\V.  from  Ciuebec. 


siila  of  Miehijfun,  about  10  miles  lonjr  and  .'I 
broad. 

HOIS  ULANC,  lake,  N.  America,  between 
lake  Siijierior  and  the  lake  of  the  Woods. 
UOiS  HRl'LH,  v.  Perry  m.  Miso. 
HOIS  HIUJI.E,  liiniirWoml,  r.  NW.  Ter- 
ritorv,  which  runs  into  the  iKittoni  of  lake;  Su- 
perior.    It  is  navijjable  f<()  in.  whence  there  is 
a  short  jwrtaire  to  th(^  St.  Croix,  a  naviffablel 
water  of  the  .Mississi))pi. 

H()l,0  I'Ot'N'I'AIN,  v.  Charlotte  ro.  Va. 
BOI.lNtJHROIvE,  v.  Talbot  co.  Md.  at  the 
confluence  of  Bolinphroke  creek  with  the  Chop- 
tank,  T)  in.  I'-,  from  Oxford. 

U0MN(;ni{OOKE,  r.  Talbot  co.  Md.  runs 
into  the  Choptank. 

BOI/rON,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  18  m.  NW. 
from  Mont|)elicr,  507  from  W.     Pop.  452. 

BOLTON,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  18  in.  NE. 
from  Worcester,  33  W.  from  Boston,  449  from 
W.    Pop.  l,:2.-)8. 

HOL'i'ON,  t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  15  m.  E,  from 
Hartford.     Pop.  74 1. 

BOLTON,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  on  W.  side 
of  Lake  George,  14  ni.  NNE.  from  Caldwell, 
518  from  W.     Pop.  14G6. 

BOLTON,  t.  Kichelicu  co.  L.  C.  on  lake 

Mcmphremapofif,  SI'],  from  Montreal.  Pop.  800. 

BOMBAY  HOOK,  isl.  in  Delaware  bay,  on 

the  coast  of  Delaware,  at  the  mouth  of  Duck 

creek,  11  m.  S.  from  Ueedy  Island. 

BOMBAZINE,  lake,  Vt.  chiefly  in  Castle- 
ton,  7  m.  long. 

BONAVENTURE  ISLAND,  L.  C.  at  the 
N.  entrance  into  Chaleur  bay. 

BONAVISTA,  a  cape  on  the  E.  side  of  the 
island  of  Newfoundland.  Lon.  52°  32'  W. ; 
lat.  48°  15'  N. 

BOND,  r.  N.  A.  runs  into  the  bay  of  Cam- 
jicachy. 

BOND,  CO.  Illinois.  Chief  town,  Perrysville. 
Pop-  3,124. 

BONHAMPTON,  v.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  G 
m.  NE.  from  New  Brunswick. 
BONHOMME,  t.  St.  Louis  co.  Miso. 
BONNE  CHEW,  r.  U.  C.  flowing  into  the 
Ottawa. 

RONNEFEMME,  t.  Howard  co.  Miso. 
BONNET  QUATRE.  See  Parish  nf  St. 
Charles,  La.  situated  along  both  banks  of  the 
Jlississippi  coast,  bounded  E.  and  SE.  by  the 
parish  of  St.  Bernard,  NE.  by  lake  Ponchar- 
train,  and  pass  of  Manchac,  N.  by  lake  Mau- 
repas,  and  W.  by  the  parish  of  St.  .John  Bap- 
tiste.    The  only  arable  land  in  this  parish  is 


BONSHCorKS,  seigniory,  Devon  co.  L.C 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  41  m.  NE. 
from  (inebee. 

IJONSIX'OrU.S  bay,  Ala.  whieli  sets  up 
from  .Mobile  bay  northerly  about  14  m.  and  re- 
ceives at  its  head  a  small  r.  of  the  same  name. 
The  r.  has  7  ll'et  water  at  its  entrance,  and  is 
navigable  5  or  G  ni.  Prom  the  head  of  navi- 
gation on  this  r.  to  a  bay  which  sets  up  from 
the  Perdido,  is  4i  in. 

HON  CM,  settlement,  Miso.  10  m.  S.  from  St, 
Charles,  20  W.  from  St.  Louis.  It  extends 
not  less  than  15  m.  E.  and  W.  and  from  G  to 
10  N.  and  S.  The  land  is  fertile  and  well 
watered. 

BOOBY  ISLAND,  West  Indies,  near  St. 
Christophers. 

BOON,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the 
coast  of  ]\Iainc,  8  m.  E.  from  York.  Here  is 
a  light-house. 

BOONE,  CO.  N.  part  of  Ken.  on  the  Ohio  r. 
Poji.  !),()12.     Burlington  is  the  chief  town. 

BOONESBURO,  v.  Washington  co.  Md.  60 
m.  from  W. 

BOONE'S  LICK,  t.  Howard  co.  Miso.    ' 
BOONE'S  MILLS,  v.  White  co.  II.  804  m. 
from  W. 

BOONE'S  SETTLEMENT.  See  How- 
ard  CO. 

BOONETON,  v.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  2U  m. 
from  W. 

BOONSBOROUGH,  t.  Madison  co.  Ken.  on 
Kentucky  r.  20  in.  SSE.  from  Lexington. 

BOON'S  STATION,  v.  Fayette  co.  Ken. 
580  m.  from  W. 

BOONSVILLE,  or  Boonboroiigh,  v.  War- 
wick  CO.  Indiana. 

BOONSVILLE,  v.  Cooper  co.  Miso.  on  the 
right  bank  of  Missouri  r.  directly  opposite 
Franklin,  and  by  land,  170  m.  above  St.  Louis. 
Lat.  .3!)^  ri'.V  N.;  lon.  15^  20'  W. 

BOONVILLE,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  27  m.  N. 
from  IJtica,  421  from  W.     Pop.  2,746. 

BOOTHBAY,  t.  I-incoln  co.  Me.  8  m.  SE. 
from  Wiscassct,  180  NE.  from  Boston,  613 
from  W.  Pop.  2,290.  It  is  situated  between 
Sheepscot,  or  Booth  Bay,  and  Damariscotta  r. 
B(K)TH'S  STORE, 't;  Franklin  co.  Va.  180 
m.  SW.  fmin  Richmond. 

BOQUES  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into 
the  Scioto,  5  m.  W.  from  Delaware. 

BORDENTOWN,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  on 
E.  side  of  the  Delaware,  4  m.  SSE.  from  Tren- 
ton, 26  NE.  from  Philadelphia.  It  is  a  pleas- 
ant town,  principally  built  on  one  street. 


■■:  'I 


200 


BOU— H(jS 


^**''       ♦; 


BOFICNK,  luk.',  or  fruU;  l.u.  R  of  lake;  I'on- 
rliurtraiii.  It  L-oiiiniiiniculcH  with  tht-  (Milt'of 
Mexico,  ntid  luk*'  i'oiicliui  train,  and  ih  10  in. 
lontr,  iind  alioiit  \!i  hnmil. 

!«  Hi  1^1  'K.N,  ishmd  lA'Uw  Went  Indirn,  nrrir 
I'orto  liico.  It  iH  iiniiilialiiti  (I,  tlioiit:))  fertile, 
and  till!  water  ^ood.  Mere  in  a  treat  iniuilier 
of  land  eralis,  wlienee  Hoinc  call  it  ('rab  IhIuiuI. 
Lon.  (U;'  W.;  lal.  IH    N. 

UORODINO,  t.  (inondago  co.  N.  Y.  IHO  ni. 
W.  from  Al[)any. 


lionui'AiU,  I.  Heaver  co.  Pa. 

IMK-^'AWKN,  f.  llillHborouj(h  co.  N.  11.  on 
\V.  wide  of  the  Alerrinmek,  oiijxwitc  Cunter- 
hnry,  witii  wliirh  it  Ih  connected  by  a  britljje ; 
!)  in.  N.  from  ( 'onrord,  ,%  N\V.  from  Forth, 
inoiith,  rd  1  from  VV.  l'o(>.  i>,()!KJ.  It  rontains 
^  I>aris<heH,  in  eiirrli  of  which  there  in  a  (Joii> 
|rre(ratioiml  nieeliiiir-honiie. 

IK )S'1'< )\,  AV M),  t.  IlillHJioroiiirh  co.  N.IF. 
H  III.  NNVV.  from  Aiiiher«t,  AxJ  from  W. 
I'op.  IfibO. 


UOSTOV  AND  ITS  ENVIRONS. 


•BOSTON,  B-p  and  cap.  Mass.  in  Suffolk  co. 
M  in.  SSW.  from  Salem,  40  NNE.from  Prov- 
idcnce,  5C  S.  by  W.  from  Portsmouth,  G3  SSE. 
from  (bncord,  N.  H.  100  ENE.  from  Hartford, 
11.')  SSW.  from  Portland,  LMO  NE.  from  New 
York,  ;}nO  SSE.  from  Montreal,  .'JOO  NE.  from 
Philadelphia,  4.36  from  W.  Lat.  42=  22'  N. 
from  London ;  Ion.  Cy^  58'  E.  from  W. 

Boston  was  founded  in  the  year  10.30.  In 
the  Indian  langriiaffc  its  name  was  Shaumut, 
and  it  was  called  by  the  early  settlers  Trcmont, 
or  Trimontain,  from  the  circumstance  of  its 
beinpf  built  u|K)n  three  hills. 

It  is  situated  at  the  head  of  Massachusetts 
bay,  on  a  peninsula  aliout  4  miles  in  circum- 
ference, and  is  about  3  in.  in  lenfftli,  and  1  m. 
and  2.1  rods,  where  widest,  in  breadth,  and  is 
connected  with  the  main  Land  at  S.  end  by  a 
narrow  isthmus,  called  tlic  Neck,  leac^injr  to 
Koxbury.  The  town  is  built  in  an  irregular 
circular  form  round  the  liarbor,  which  is  stud- 
ded with  about  40  small  islands,  many  of  which 
afford  excellent  pasture  ;  and  arc  frequented  in 
summer  by  nmncrous  parties  of  pleasure.  The 
harbor  is  formed  by  Nahant  Point  on  the  N. 
and  Point  Alderton  on  the  S.  and  is  so  capa- 
cious as  to  allow  500  vessels  to  ride  at  anchor 
in  a  good  depth  of  water,  wliile  the  entrance  is 
so  narrow  as  scarcely  to  admit  2  sliips  abreast. 
The  entrance  is  defended  by  Fort  Indcpt^id- 
ence  belonging  to  tlic  U.  S.  on  Castle  Island, 


and  by  Fort  VVarrcn  on  Governor's  Island. 
Tlere  is  another  fort,  called  Fort  Strong,  on 
Noddle's  Island. 

Boston  is  admirably  well  situated  for  com- 
merce, and  is  a  place  of  great  trade  and  opu- 
lence. It  is  the  fourth  city  in  the  Union  in 
|)opidation  and  second  in  commerce.  Its  trade 
is  carried  on  with  every  quarter  of  the  world. 
Its  wealth  is  computed  at  92,000,000  dollar?. 

The  shipping  of  the  port  amounted  in  1828 
to  Ki  1,583  tons.  The  wharves  here  arc  said 
to  be  the  foicst  in  the  U.  S.  some  of  which  are 
nearly  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in  length  and  cov- 
ered with  stores.  The  yearly  imports  are 
13,000,000  dollars  and  the  exports  9,000,000. 

Alterations  and  additions  have  of  late  years 
greatly  improved  the  appearance  of  Boston. 
The  streets,  which  were  formerly  almost  with- 
out an  exception  narrow  and  crooked,  have 
been  in  a  great  degree  rendered  wide  and  com- 
modious; the  old  wooden  structures  have  in 
the  greater  part  of  the  city  been  replaced  by 
handsome  buildings  of  stone  or  brick.  In  the 
western  part,  particularly,  there  is  much  neat- 
ness and  elegance.  The  splendor  of  the  pri- 
vate buildings  here,  is  not  equalled  in  any 
other  part  of  the  Union. 

The  literary  institutions  of  this  city  arc  of 
the  first  order.  The  public  libraries  contain 
70,000  vokunes.  The  Boston  Athenaeum  is  the 
finest  establishment  of  its  kind  in  the  U.S.; 


DO»-llUT 


2U1 


•  this  city  arc  of 

libraries  contain 

_  Athenteum  is  the 

[ind  in  the  U.S.; 


ita  hbrary  contains  ulxivp  2'>,000  voluiiicf,  nnd 
u  (cndinp  room,  in  whirh  the  nioMt  rstcnncd 
|M'riodicul»,  Iroin  all  partu  of  llir  world,  mny 
be  Ibiiiid.  It'  wo  add  to  Ihfsc  the  lihrnry  of 
Hnrvurd('<>ll<i,'t',  iiillic  nti(;hlM)rlKKxl,  ot 'Ht.OOt) 
voliiini's,  iiiakin{r  the  iiiiiiiImt  of  ImxjKh  witliiii 
tile  rcnch  of  the  I'iti/ciiN  1  l(),IJ()t),  it  iiitiNt  Ih; 
iillowfd  tliiit  Hostuii  olfcrH  to  the  nrlioliir  n 
inori-  udv;int:i{rrotm  rcKidciicfl  timti  any  other 
ii|)ot  in  llu'  wcHfirn  world.  'I'lic  literary  cinr- 
acliT  of  the  citizens  eorres|ioMds  to  these  ad- 
vaiitaires  ;  lioHton  is  dititin^'iiished  liirtlie  nurn- 
licr  and  talent  of  its  |ieriodieal  works :  tlie 
Nortli  American  Review,  wliieh  is  allowed  to 
he  llie  most  allien  of  all  the  literary  journals  of 
our  rnimtry,  and  llie  oidy  one  that  has  (rained 
a  reputation  in  KuroiH',  is  published  here,  'i'lie 
Cliristiun  Mxamincr,  wliicli  has  now  enlarged 
its  jilan,  and  assumed  more  of  a  |)urely  lilfirary 
ciiaracter,  is  ranked  amoujr  the  first  publica- 
tions of  the  day.  'I'lic  [M-riodicttls  of  the  city 
ore  more  tiian  (iO,  iuchidin^r  .'M  newspajiers,  7 
of  which  are  daily.  'I'Jic  public  Hcho«jls  are 
not  equalled  in  any  other  city  in  the  world. 
The  ambition  of  the  scholars  is  excited  i)y  an- 
nual rewards  to  the  most  wortliy,  in  IIk;  slinpe 
of  a  public  dinner  at  Faiieuil  Hall  in  company 
with  the  mayor  and  oliiccrs  of  the  city ;  and 
the  distribution  of  gold  and  silver  medols,  the 
product  of  a  fund  for  this  pur|X)se  established 
l)v  the  fjreat  Franklin,  who  was  born  in  this 
city.  In  the  department  of  tlie  line  arts,  there 
in  much  taste  and  liberal  [wtronapt;  displayed 
here.  The  annual  exhibitions  of  |)aintin<rs  in 
the  gallery  of  the  Atheniruni  is  the  best  in  the 
country,  and  a  fund  is  collecting  from  its  i>ro- 
a'cds  (or  the  encouragement  of  IIk;  arts. 

In  1817,  tliero  was  erected  on  l)oth  sides  of 
Market  stre(  t  a  block  of  stores,  485  feet  in 
length  on  one  side,  and  442  on  the  other,  nnd 
4  stories  liigh  ;  and  on  Central  wharf,  another 
iiiiniense  pile  of  buildings  was  completed  the 
same  year,  1,240  fi-et  in  length,  containing  54 
stores  4  stories  high,  and  having  a  spacious 
hall  in  the  centre,  over  which  is  erected  an  d- 
rpant  observatory.  These  buildings,  for  extent, 
convenience,  and  elegance,  are  said  not  to  Ik? 
exceeded  in  the  commercial  world.  The  ex- 
change is  a  superb  structure,  7  stories  in  height, 
127  tijct  in  length,  containing  202  rooms.  In 
this  building  is  kept  a  pubUc  reading  room, 
similar  to  the  one  at  Merchants'  hall.  The 
alms-house  is  a  commodious  and  elegant  build- 
ing, 270  feet  long,  and  56  broad.  The  new 
court-house  is  very  elegant,  built  of  Chelms- 
fore  granite.  The  state-house  is  built  on  ground 
elevated  about  100  feet  above  tlie  level  of,  the 
harbor,  and  is  a  noble  edifice.  It  is  173  feet 
In  front,  and  61  deep,  and  its  situation  and  size 
render  it  a  very  conspicuous  object.  The  dome 
IS  50  feet  in  diameter,  terminated  by  a  circular 
lantern,  at  an  elevation  of  100  feet  from  the 
foundation.  The  prospect  from  the  top  is  ex- 
ceedingly magnificent  and  beautiful ;  surpass- 
ing every  thing,  of  tlie  kind  in  this  country, 
and  will  bear  a  comparison  with  the  castle  hill 
of  Edinburgh,  the  fiimous  bay  of  Naples,  or  any 
^ber  of  the  moat  ineture8(]ue  scenee  in  Europe. 
Here  may  be  seen  at  a  view,  the  town  with  its 
2A 


shipping  and  buildinga,  the  hurlior  ond  ita 
ishmds,  Chirlfs  river,  u  fine  country,  orna. 
meiited  willi  elegant  country-seut.s,  and  more 
than  211  llnurishiiig  towns.  In  Iront  of  the 
state-liouse  is  the  common,  containing  44  acres, 
surrounded  by  the  mall,  an  exlent>ivc  and  moat 
deliirhtlid  public  walk. 

'J'he  liieiiiliis  lor  travelling  in  the  nrighlmr- 

I  hfMxl  of  Iloston    are   very   great.     Tin  re    nr«i 

more  stage-coaches  running  to  and  from  this 

(itv  tliiin  any  other  in  America.     Hourly  and 

I  halllhourly  stages    carry    iiassengcrs    to   the 

ncighl)oring  towns  at  a  very  low  rale.     The 

,  numlK'r  of  daily   arrivals    and    (Ie|)arfure8  is 

I  about  2.')0.     In  summer  there  an-  Nleam-boalii 

'  running  to  Hingham,  IS'aliant  aiul  the  coiist  of 

.Maine.    'I'he  roads  about  IJosfou  are  excellent, 

and  tli<'  piddie  houses  of  the  first  order.     The 

I  eoimtry  liere  is  exceedingly  varied  and  piclur- 

'  es(|ue,  adorned  with  every  graeetid  variety  of 

!  hill  nnd  d  ile,  garden  and  grove,  and  nl)0und- 

ing  in  beaulilid  villages  and  elegant  eoimtry. 

I  seats.    The  heights  of  Dorchester,  which  com- 

mauil  the  city  and  harlK>r,  and  whoso  bntteriea 

drove  the  Uritisli  from   Hoston   in  1776,  aru 

now  within  the  limits  of  th(^  city. 

A  city  government  was  first  adopted  in  1^21 ; 
the  officers  are  a  mayor,  H  aldermen,  and  a 
coMunon  council  of  4H,  all  elected  by  a  jwpu- 
lar  vote  in  DecemlK-r  annually.  With  Chelsea, 
on  the  oj)j)osite  side  of  the  harbor,  Hoston  com- 
|)oses  the  county  of  Suffolk,  which  has  6  sena- 
tors in  the  state  legislature.  The  city  alone 
sends  one  representative  to  congress.  The 
yearly  expenses  are  about  300,000  dollars,  of 
which  al)ovc  50,000  are  appropriated  to  the 
supimrt  of  common  schools;  80,000  for  im- 
proving the  streets,  and  30,000  for  the  poor. 

The  census  of  18.30  gave  a  return  of  61,.392 
inliabitants  for  the  12  wards  witliin  the  juris, 
diction  of  the  city,  but  taking  in  those  adjoin- 
ing parts  of  Charlcstown,  Cambridge  and  Rox- 
bury,  which  are,  to  all  practical  purposes,  so 
many  portions  of  the  capital,  its  whole  popu- 
lation will  amount  to  about  80,000.  The  city 
projKT  has  40  churches,  19  banks,  2  theatres, 
80  public  schools,  and  50  bookstores.  Boston 
cont^iiins  1.35  streets,  21  lanes,  and  80  wharves. 
1K)ST0N,  t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y. 
BOSTON,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio ;  18  m.  NNW. 
Ravenna. 

BOSTON,  New,  t.  Clark  co.  Ohio;  3  m. 
SW.-Springfield. 

BOSTON,  South,  t  Halifax  co.  Va. ;  on  the 
Dan,  about  30  ni.  E.  Danville. 

BOSTON,  t.  Erie  co.  N.  Y.  320  m.  W.  Al- 
bany.     Pop.  1,520. 

BOSWELLSVILLE,  v.  Louisiana  co.  Va. ; 
20  m.  NW.  Richmond. 

BOTETOURT,  co.  central  part  of  Va., 
bounded  N.  by  Bath  co.  NE.  by  Rockbridge 
CO.  8E.  by  Bedford  and  Franklin  cos.  SW.  by 
Montgomery  co.  and  NW.  by  Monroe  co. 
Pop.  16,354,  of  whom  4,170  are  slaves.  Chief 
town,  Fin  castle. 

BOTTLE  HILL,  t.  Morris  co.  N.  J. ;  2  m. 
NW.  Chatham,  15  NW.  Elizabethtown,  228 
from  W.  It  is  a  pleasant  \'il]age,  and  contains 
a  Presbyterian  church  and  an  academy. 


f:i 


202 


BOU— BRA 


'i^^i  " 


4'  ''f 


fef»«i' ,, 


ml 


nOUNDimOOK,  l.  Somerwl  co.  N.  J.  on 
U»c  N.  bonk  of  the  Itoritan  ;  7  m.  NW.  New 
Uruniiwirk,  2()t)  from  VV. 

K0UKF50N.  10.  N.  pnrt  of  Kentucky.  Pop. 
18,4.'J4.    Chief  town,  I'nrin. 

HOURHON,  AV»c,  v.  Mimtouri,  on  W.  i^iilc 
of  tlic  MiNMivHi|)|>i,  1!  in.  Ix'low  St.  (irnrvicvc. 

BOUKHON  KIVIIR,  a  brunch  of  tlio  Ma- 
ranirk,  in  St.  F.oimh  en,  .MiMSdiiri. 

BDUKCIIK.MIN,  Sii^'niory,  Richelieu  co. 
Lower  Ciiniidii,  .')!)  ni.  K.  iMontrcnI. 

BOf'CilARA,  \h\.  I,.  C.  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrnire,  !j|  in.  NK.  Montreal. 

U()Ut;illORVn,I.10,  Sd^nlory,  Kent  co. 
L.  ('.  on  the  S.  Hide  of  the  St.  I<awrencr,  op- 
poHitc  the  iHlund  of  Montreal,  and  about  10  in. 
E.  of  the  eity. 

BOUDK'I,  r.  rnnH  info  Lake  St.  FraneiH, 
near  the  boundary  between  I'pper  and  Lower 
Canada. 

B()U(JF,CinT(),  r.  rises  in  MiNsisHippi.and 
running  SK.  joinH  IVarl  river  in  I.ouiHiiinu. 

B()lJR(>LOIS,  Seifriiiory,  IlanipBhire  co.  L. 
Canada,  a.")  ni.  W.  of  Ciuebcc. 

BOURC;MARIK,K/l«^  Seijrniory,  Buckinp- 
ham  and  Richelieu  coh.  L.  Canada,  3b  ni.  S. 
Three  Rivera. 

BOURGMARIE,  West,  Seifrniory,  Riche- 
lieu CO.  L.  Canada,  '.iH  m.  NIC.  Montreal. 

BOVINA,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  York.  Pop. 
1,346. 

BOW,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.  H.;  on  W.  side 

the  Merrimack ;  H  m.  S.  Concord.  Pop.  1,0G5. 

BOW  BACK,  nit.  in  Stratford,  N.  H. 

BOWDOIN,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine;  20  m. 

WNW.  WiHcattsct,  148  NE.  Boston,  617  from 

W.     Pop.  2,09.5. 

BOWDOINHAM,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  on 
the  Kennebcck;  If)  m.  WNW.  Wi8casBct,148 
NE.  Boston,  590  from  W.     Pop.  2,061. 

BOWERBANK,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  40 
m.  NW.  Bangor.     Pop.  49. 
BOWERS,  V.  Essex  co.  Vo. 
BOWERS,  V.  Southampton  co.  Va. 
BOWER'S  STORE,  t.  Ashe  co.  N.  C.  170 
m.  NW.  from  Raleigh. 

BOWERSVILLE,  v.  Livingston  co.  N.  Y. 
208  m.W,  from  Albany. 

BOWERSVILLE,  v.  Southampton  co.  Va. 
BOWLERS,  V.  Essex  co.    Va.;   129   m. 
from  W. 

BOWLING  GREEN,  Caroline  co.  Va. ; 
46  m.  NE.  Richmond,  80  from  W.  It  is  the 
Beat  of  justice  for  the  county. 

BOWLING  GREEN,  t.  Worren  co.  Ken. 
about  30  m.  E.  Russellville,  702  from  W.  It 
is  the  scut  of  justice  ibr  the  county,  and  con- 
tains a  bank. 

BOWLING  GREEN,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio. 
BOWLING   GREEN,    t.   Oglethorpe   co. 
Geo.  about  75  m.  N.  from  Milledgeville. 
BOWLING  GREEN,  Pike  co.  Misc. 
BOWMAN'S  CREEK,  t.  Montgomery  co. 
N.  Y.  60  m.  NW.  from  Albany. 

BOWMAN'S  MOUNTAIN,  called  the  Bald 
Mountain,  near  the  western  limits  of  Luzerne 
■    CO.  is  a  high,  regular,  barren  range  whose 
average  height  may  be  1,000  feet    This  ex- 
tends from  the  E.  to  the  W.  branches  of  the 


SuHquehannah  nvcr,  between  which  it  ipfieari 
to  have  no  other  name  than  IhoMe  mentioned, 
cxeept  that,  in  a  mnnll  territory  on  the  head 
of  I'iNhing  creek,  the  iiilmbitantii  call  it  thr 
ymth  Mminlaiii,  WcMward  ol'the  wutrm  of 
the  SiiH(|iiehiinnali,  it  loriim  the  innin  ridge  of 
the  Allcirhany  .MountiiiiiN.  It  emwyes  the  E. 
branch  of  the  Su)i(|n('liniinnli,  at  the  iiiniith  of 
'ruiikhaiinrM;k  and  Itowiiiiin'H  ereekn,  and  ex- 
tending N.  eiiMwardly,  it  iH  ealN  d  Tiiiikhan- 
nnrk  Mounlnin,  and  Icrmiiintes  in  SiiKciuelmn. 
nail  eo.  where  it  is  culled  the  I'.lk  Mminluin. 

noWMAN'S  VA!,!,i;V,  lying  on  Hourn', 
rreek,  between  Uowiimn'H  and  Mahoopeny 
MonntainN,  Lu/.eme  eo.  Pn.ifi  not  very  popu. 
li)U«,  and  the  liind  g<n<  rally  |HK)r.  It  is  alifiiit 
'■i  III.  wide  and  15  ni.  long.  The  principal  popii. 
latioii  in  near  the  river. 

How  VKR,  Fort,  niliiated  on  Mobile  point. 
TIiIh  was  merely  a  umall  water  battery  ereetrd 
to  defend  the  main  piisK  into  Mobile  Uny. 
Here,  on  S<-pt.  l.")!!!,  1814,  Major  VV.  Law. 
renee,  with  a  garrison  of  158  men,  repulsed  im 
attack  made  by  a  HritiNli  Kqiiadron,  of  wliich 
the  Hennes  of  tJH  guns  was  destroyed.  Tin; 
lort  was  invested  by  a  land  and  naval  force  on 
the  Hfli  of  Feb.  I8l5,  nmi  surrendered  to  (un. 
Laniliert,  by  .Maj.  Lawrence,  on  the  lllth  ot' 
the  saiiic  month,  and  on  the  ratitlcation  of 
peace  was  restored  to  the  U.  S. 

BOWYER'S  SULPHUR  SPRlNCiS,  v. 
Greenbrier  eo.  Va. 

HOWYERSVILLE,  v.  Southampton  Va. 
224  m,  from  VV. 

BOyVYER'S  BLUFF,  the  W.  point  nf 
Washington  harl)or  in  C'recn  Bay,  [^ake  Michi- 
gan, 85  111.  NE.  Fort  Howard,  9!i  SW.  Macki- 
naw. 

BOXBOROIJGH,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mqm.; 
30  m.  WNW.  Boston.    Pop.  474. 

BOXFORD,  t.  Essex  eo.  Mass. ;  15  m.  NW. 
Salem,  24  N,  Boston,  4()7  from  W.    Pop.  937. 
BOYDSVILLE,  t.  Davidson  co.  Tenn.20 
m.  from  Nashville. 

BOYD'S  CREEK,  v.  Sevier  co.  Tenn.; 
.581  m.  from  W. 

BOYD'S  CREEK,  r.  Louisiana,  which  runs 
into  the  Mississippi,  Ion.  91°  25'  W.  lat.  3P 
50'.  N. 

BOYD'S  LANDING,  v.  Caldwell  co.  II. 
BOYDTON,  t.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va.;  100 
m.  SSW.  Richmond,  197  from  W.  It  contains 
a  court-house  and  jail. 

BOYLE,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Gen- 
esee ;  20  in.  N  W.  Canondaigua,  396  from  VV. 

BOYLSTON, t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.;  7ni. 
NNE.  Worcester,  42  W.  Boston,  425  from  VV. 
PoF>.  820. 

BOYLSTON,  West,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.; 
7  m.  N.  Worcester,  44  W.  Boston,  425  from 
W.     Here  is  a  cotton  manufactory. 
BOYLSTON,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y. 
BOZRAH,  t  New  London  co.  Ct.  about  5 
m.  W.  Norwich.    Pop.  1,078. 

BRACEVILLF^  t.  TrumhuU  co.  Ohio,  on 
W.  side  of  Warren;  317  m.  from  W. 
BRACEVILLE,  v.  Knox  co.  Indiana. 
BRACKEN,  CO.  N.  part  of  Ken.  on  th* 
Ohio.    Pop.  6,392.    Chief  town,  Augusta. 


BRA-BRA 


W3 


SPRlNCiS,  V. 

DUthampton  Va. 


on  CO.  Tcnn.20 
ivier  CO.  Tenn.; 


BRACKEN  CKKLK,  r.  Ken.  which  run* 
into  the  Ohio,  Ion.  Kj '  h'  W.  lut.  :H^  'M  N. 

HRADIMM-K'S  FIKI.D,  ula.  in  Pa.  on 
Tiirtif  tnck ;  O  m.  KSK.  PitNlmrt;,  Hvrv. 
(irn.  Hroildock  fVII  into  an  iiinbiiwadtM)!'  In- 
tlmiiR,  wnH  <l<li!ttlc'(l,  and   morlnllv    wountliii. 


nnll,  HUM  inill,  hlaikMniiUi'M  nn«l  carpenter'* 
Hh(i|m.  A  liiriii  of  iiliout  M  uittfu  in  brought 
unili-r  ctiltiviitinn,  rind  iilri'iiify  huiIi  im  the  pro- 
((ri'HH  ol'Uir  Clicrokrt'H  in  iiKrtcidtiirc,  that  they 
t\irMiKh  nioHt  of  thr  nii'iinii  of  HidmiHtenco  to 
l\\i     iniMNion.     In   the   huryintf-Kroinui   in  the 


It  wuH  hero  the  military  l■lll•nt^^  nflico  Wash-I  jjravc  of  tlic  Kcv.  Dr.  Worcrslcr,  hit<'  Corre. 
iiiK'""'  •'"'"  "  |>rovin(iiil  niujor  were  ftr»t  «»((  spondinjf  S«  intiiry  to  tlic  board,  who  died  hero 
KpiciioiiHly  dixitlaycd. 

nU\i)IHHI\'S  HAY, on  S.  sidr  of  I.akc 


Ontario;  .'»  ni.  W.  ot"  thi;  nioulh  of  the  'irnc- 
i»pc,  in  (iatt'H. 

HKADi'OlM),  t.  OraiifTc  co.  Vt.  on  thcCon- 
iiccticut;  7  in.  S.  hy  \V.  Ncwhiiry,  ."iO.l  in. 
from  W.     Po|».  I,. '>'•".     II<'ri'  in  a  |)a|M-r  mill. 

liUADKOUl),  Cliarlirld  co.  (Miio. 

IJKAIU'OUI),  t.  IlillslMm.inrJi  ro.  N.  li.; 
20  in.  W.VW.  Concord,  .'ill  from  W. 

nUADroRI),  t.  Knscx  CO.  Mass,  on  S.  Hide 
of  the  Merrimack,  Jtpiiosili'  Iluvcrhill;  !2H  in. 
N.  IJoston,  IH  W.NW.  !<Mlcm,  17:2  from  W. 
Lon.  7IM' W.  lat.  l-J  -Hi' N.  Pop.  1,^1;.  It 
iH  n  pleasant  town,  and  liaH  '2  parislicR.  tJrcat 
(piantiticH  of  leather  hIiooh  are  niude  ticrc  for 
cx[)ortution. 

HI{AI)l'ORI),  n  comity  in  the  K.  district  of 
Pennsylvania,  liorderiiii;  on  New  York.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  V,.  branch  of  the  Siisipic- 
linniiali  river,  which  receives  nnnieroiis  collat 


8iionu 

/me  7tli,  |K,M. 

HUAlNrKKK,  I.  Oraiiure  co.  Vermont;  6 
m.    W.WV.   Kaiid'.lt.h,  'j:t  .><.«;\V.  .'M(,iitjRlier. 

Pop.  i,','(»:). 

IIUAINTRKI;,  t.  .Norli.lk  co.  Mass.;  I",*  m. 
S-SK.  IPmtnn.  Pop.  1,7.VJ.  This  town  is  lU. 
moiis  tiir  li(  111^  the  birth-place  of  the  Hon. 
.loliii  Adams,  the  second  pre.- ident  of  the  U. 
States. 

HU  A I NTI!  I : K,  \rw,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mniw. ; 

is  III.  W.  Worcester,  .'iH  W.SW.  IJoston.    Pop. 

|!ll'i.     'Phis  is  a  valiiulile  towiislii|i,  iiiid  pro< 

I  duces   luTgc   (|UuntitieM   of  ).eet|    bnttcr,    and 

cheese. 

HRAINTRK.M,  t.  Lnzcnie  co.  Pa.  on  the 
Siisipiehannali ;  'Jti.'i  in.  from  W. 

HRANCIITOWN,  v.  Philaddphia  co.  Pa. 

HRANCIIVIIJ.K,  V.  SiwBox  co.  N.  J.  78  in. 
N.  from  'Pre  iiloii. 

HRANDOX,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  on  Otter 
creek,  11  in.  .N.  Rutland,  40  SW.  Mont|x-licr. 


in  the  county.     Pop.  ll),(i(ill.     'Powanda  \->  the 
chief  town,  situated  alH)iit  tiO  in.  .N  W.  Wilkes- 
aiid  here  is  printed  a  weekly  iicws[hI' 


harrc 


cral  branches  tlowitijr  from  all  ilireelions  with-  Pop.  l,!)li).     Ilcri-  is  a  lied  of  iron  ore  of  u  hu- 

jierior  (piality,  at  which  arc  erected  a  forge,  n 
fun\pce,  and  an  establishment  lor  the  niunu- 
fuctnre  of  shoveln  ;  the  lorjje  yields  '.U>  tons  of 
bar  iron,  and  the  furnace  Ujivvards  of  lUU  tons 
of  cast  iron  nmiually. 

HRANDYWINM  M.\NOR,  v.  Chester  ea 
Pa.  :)()  III.  from  Pliilade!|ihiu. 

ni{A.M)YWI.\i;,t.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

RR  ANDY  WINK,  liundr.d,  in  NK.  corner 
of  Niiwcastlc  CO.  Delaware. 

HRANDYWINi:,t.  N.wcastle  co.  Del. 

BRANDY  WINK,  r.  which  rises  in  Pa.  and 
passiujr  into  Delaware,  joins  the  Christiana 
a  little  below  Wilmingrton.  It  is  40  m.  long, 
and  lliroiifrh  its  wliolt!  course  is  a  fine  stream 
well  adapted  to  water  works.  The  descent 
in  3,')  ni.  is  .'lOO  feet.  For  an  account  of  the 
IJrandywinc  Mills,  sec  Wilmington. 

BRANDY  PO'PS,  islands  in  the  St.  Law. 
rcncc,  10.3  in.  Ijelow  Quebec,  and  opposite  the 
mouth  of  Sagucnay  river. 

BRANl'ORD,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct. ;  7  m. 
E.  New  Haven,  .311  from  W.  Lon.  72'  SC 
W.  lat.  4P  17'  N.     Pop.  a,.333. 

BRANFORD,  North,t.  New  Haven  co.Ct.; 
5  111.  N.  Branford. 

BRANTREM,  v.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  on  the 
Susquchannah,  50  ni.  above  Wilkesbarre. 
Pop.  525. 

BR.\NT'.S  VILLAGE,  on  Grand  river,  U.C. 

BRASCHIN'S  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  run« 
into  the  Salt  river,  lon.  85°  36'  W.  lat  37<» 
50'  N. 

BRASSOS  A  DIGS,  river  of  Texas,  in  tlie 
intendency  of  St.  Louis  Potosi ;  the  sources  of 
the  Brassos  'are  not  correctly  known,  but  are 
supposed  to  be  S.  of  Red  river,  about  N.  lat. 
33=.  The  length  of  this  river  exceeds  400  m. ; 
the  country  near  its  aouroes  is  mostly  prairie, 


|K  r.    Brudliird  was  fbrmcrlv  called  Ontario  co. 

BRADFORD,  t.  Clearfield  co.  Pa. 

BRADFORD,  /J«»^  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  wa- 
tered by  the  Braiidywine. 

BRADFORD,  ]Vr»t,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

BRADFORD,  Alerrimack  co.  N.  11.20  in. 
W.  from  Concord.     Po[).  1,2H5. 

BRADLEY  HALL,  v.  Prince  William  co. 
Va. ;  33  ni.  from  W. 

BRADLEY  VALE,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt. ;  38 
m.  N.  Newbury. 

BRADLEYSVILLE,  v.  Litchfield  co.Ct.; 
32!)  in.  from  W. 

BRADLEYSVILIiE,  t.  Surapter  district, 
S.  C.  f)2  m.  E.  from  Columbia. 

BRADY  and  EASTOWN  GRANT,  t.  Ox- 
ford  (fb.  Me. 

BRALNARD'S  BRIDGE,  v.  in  Nassau,  N. 
Y. ;  10:»  m.  from  W. 

BRAINERD,  a  missionary  station  among 
the  Cherokees,  in  a  district  of  country  called 
Chickamaugah,  on  Chickamaugah  creek  ;  7  m. 
E.  Lookout  Mountain,  about  50  SSW.  Wash- 
ington,  Tenn.  100  E.  by  N.  Huntsvillc,  140 
VVSVV.  Knoxville,  155  NW.  Athens.  It  is  15 
m.  by  the  course  of  the  creek  above  its  en- 
trance into  the  Tennessee,  and  only  6  from  the 
river  at  the  nearest  point;  and  is  near  the 
chartered  limits  of  Tennessee  and  Georgia. 
The  Chickamaugah  is  navigable  for  boats  to 
Brainerd.  The  missionary  establishment  was 
commenced  here  early  in  1817.  The  buildings 
>  onsist  of  a  dwelling-house,  with  appendages 
fbr  the  accommodation  of  the  family,  2  school- 
houses,  1  for  the  boys  and  1  for  the  girls,  sev- 
eral  cabins  used  as  dwelling-houses,  a  grist- 


4-f. 


■a 


V 


204 


BRA— BRI 


r"  i 


>^V'il 


rrJ.1      '1* 


u   ■> 


nSTT, 


>  '^1,. 


with  narrow  borders  of  woods  along  the  Iranks 
of  the  river,  and  some  of  its  branches. 

BRATTLEBOROUGH,  t.  Windham  co. 
Vt.  on  tlic  Connecticut;  \2  m.  SE.  New  fane, 
20  S.  by  W.  Waipolc,  3B  E.  Bennington,  41 
N.  Northampton,  !)G  WN\V.  J>(i:.'on,  110  S. 
Montpelier,  427  from  \V.  Lnt.  42=  52'  N. 
Pop.  2,141.  It  contains  two  paiis'lics, in  each 
of  wliich  there  is  a  liandsoine  village.  The 
village  in  the  cast  parish  is  on  the  W.  bajik 
of  the  river,  and  contains  a  Congregational 
meeting-house,  a  cotton  munufiictory,  a  pa- 
per mill,  and  one  of  tlie  largest  printing 
establishments  in  tlie  United  States.  It  is 
a  pleasant  and  flourishing  village,  and  has  con- 
,  siHerable  tirade.  Here  is  a  bridge  across  the 
Connecticut.  The  other  village  is  about  2  m. 
WNW.  and  contains  a  Congregational  meet- 
ing-house, and  a  woollen  manufactory. 

BRATTON'S  RIVER,  r.  North  America, 
which  runs  into  the  Missouri,  2,232  m.  from 
the  Mississippi. 

BRATTONSVILLE,  v.  Prince  William  co. 
Va.  35  m.  SW.  from  W. 

BREAKNECK  ITILL,  on  tlie  Hudson,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  Highlands,  opposite  Butter 
Hill;  60  m.  N.  of  New  York. 

BREAM'S  HEIGHTS,  eminence,  N.  York, 
on   Hudson  river,  where  Gen.  Gates  had  a 
camp  previous  to  the  capitulation  of  Saratoga. 
BRECKENRIDGE,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by 
the  Ohio  river  NW.  by  Hardin  E.  and  SE.  by 
Grayson  S.  and  by  Ohio  and  Daviess  aW. ; 
Burlace  broken,  and  soil  generally  productive. 
Staples,  grain,  flour,  tobacco,  and  salted  pro- 
visions. Chief  town,  Hardensburg.  Pop.  7,345. 
BRECKNOCK,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 
BRECKNOCK,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa. 
BREED'S  HILL,  an  emincnee  on  the  N. 
side  of  Charlestown,  in  Mass.  celebr;itcd  for 
the  stand  made  by  the  Americans  ngaiiist  the 
British  troops,  at  the  commencement  of  hos- 
tilities with  the  mother  country.     This  action 
is  usually  called  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  (an- 
other  hill  near  it.)     See  Bunker  Hill. 

BRENTWOOD,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  11. ; 
20  m.  WSW.  Portsmouth,  521  from  W.  Top. 
891.  It  is  watered  by  Exeter  river,  and  con- 
tains a  Congregational  and  a  Baptist  meeting- 
house, and  cotton  manufactories. 

BRETON  WOODS,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.;  12 
m.  SSE.  Lancaster.     Pop.  108. 

BRENTVILLE,  v.  Prince  William  co.  Va. 
BRETON,  Cape,  island  of  N.  America,  be- 
tween  45°  and  47°  N.  lat.  separated  from  Nova 
Scotia  by  a  narrow  strait  called  Canso,  and  is 
100  m.  in  length,  and  50  in  breadth.  It  is  a 
barren  country,  subject  to  fogs  throughout  the 
year,  and  covered  with  snow  in  the  winter. 
There  is  an  excellent  fishery  on  tliis  coast.  It 
was  confirmed  to  England  by  treaty  in  17G3. 
BRETON,  island  of  Louisiana,  or  rather  2 
small  islands  lying  SW.  from  the  Grand  Go- 
eier.  There  is  a  channel  containing  12  feet 
water  between  the  islands  of  Grand  Gosier 
and  Breton  Island,  and  another  SW.  of  the 
latter,  leading  into  Chondeleur  Bay,  with  18 
feet  water.    N.  lat.  29°  26'.  i 


BREVELLE,  t.  Natchitoches  co.  Louisiana. 
BREWER,  t.  Penobscot  Me.  on  E.  side  of 
the  Penobscot,  opposite  Bangor ;  34  in.  N.  of 
Castine,  636  from  W.     Pop.  1,078. 

BREWSTER,  t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.;  16 
m.  E.  Barnstable,  88  SE.  Boston,  498  from  W. 
Pop.  1,418. 
BRIAR  CREEK,  t.  Columbia  co.  Pa. 
BRIAR'S  (REEK,  r.  Georgia,  which  runs 
into  the  Savannah,  40  m.  below  Augusta.  In 
1779,  a  part  of  the  American  army  was  sur- 
prised  on  this  river  by  the  British,  and  en- 
tirely routed,  witli  the  loss  of  400  men  killed 
or  taken. 

BR  ICELAND  CROSS  ROADS,  v.  Wash- 
ington CO.  Pa. 
BRICK  HOUSE,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 
BRICKSVILLE,  t.  Cuyahoga,  co.  N.  York, 
at  the  E.  end  of  Long  Island. 

BRIIXiEBRANCH,  or  Bridgeville,  v.  Sub. 
sex  CO.  Delaware ;  132  m.  from  W. 

BRIDGEFIELD,  Shelby  co.  Kentuckv. 
BRIDGEHAMPTON,  v.  in  Southampton, 
N.  York. 

BRIDGEHAMPTON,  v.  Suff-olk  co.  N.  Y. 
at  the  NE.  end  of  Long  Island. 

BRIDGEPORT,  s-p.  and  bor.  in  the  town- 
ship  of  Stratford,  Ct.  in  L.  Island  Sound,  at 
the  nouth  of  the  Pequaiiock;  3i  m.  W.  of 
17i  SW.  New  Haven,  286  from  W.  Pop.  2,&U3. 
It  contains  a  bank  and  several  houses  of  pub- 
lie  worship.  It  is  a  pleasant  and  flourishing 
village,  and  has  considerable  trade. 

BRIDGEPORT,  t.  Harrison  co.  Va. ;  2fi5 
m.  from  W. 

BRIDGEPORT,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa.  on  the 
Monongahtla,  separated  from  Brownsville  by 
Dunlap's  creek. 

BRIDGEPORT,  y.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  18 
m.  from  Wheeling,  283  from  W. 

BRIDtiEPORT,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  on  Long 
Island  Sound,  on  the  E.  side  of  Sasco  river, 
and  10  m.  NE.  of  Norwalk. 

BRIDGETON,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Me.;  3,1 
m.  NW.  Portland,  130  NNE.  Boston,  589  from 
W.     Pop.  1,541.     Here  is  an  academy. 

BRIDGEIWVN,  the  capital  of  the  island 
of  Barbadoes,  situate  in  the  inmost  pJirt  of  Car- 
lisle Bay,  which  is  large  enough  to  contain 
500  ships,  but  the  bottom  is  foul,  and  <ipt  to 
cut  the  cables.  This  city  was  burnt  down  in 
1688;  and  suffcTcd  also  greatly  by  fires  in 
1756,  1766,  and  1767.  Before  these  fires  it 
contained  1,500  houses ;  and  it  has  since  Leon 
rebuilt.  The  streets  are  broad,  tlic  houfcs 
higlv  the  wharves  and  quays  convenient,  and 
the  iorts  strong.  The  church  is  as  large  as 
some  cathedrals.  Here  also  is  a  free-school, 
an  hospital,  and  a  college ;  the  latter  erected 
by  tlic  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel, 
pursuant  to  the  will  of  Col.  Codrington,  who 
endowed  it  witli  i;2,000  a  year.  The  town 
had  scarcely  risen  from  the  calamities  already 
mentioned,  when  it  was  torn  from  its  founda- 
tion by  a  hurricane  in  1780,  in  which  many 
of  the  inhabitants  perished;  and  in  1831  it  ex- 
perienced a  similur  calamity.  Lon.  59°  43' 
W.  lat.  13°  5'  N. 


BRI— BRO 


205 


;ar.    The  town 


BRIDGETOWN,  t.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.; 
5  m.  SW.  Elizabetlitown,  20  S\V.  New  York, 
70  NE.  Philadelphia. 

BRIDGETOWN,  t  and  cap.  Cumberland 
CO.  N.  J.  on  the  Cohanzy  ;  .56  m.  S.  Philadel- 
phia, 173  from  W.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
a  jail,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  a  printing 
office,  and  is  a  place  of  considerable  trade. 
The  Cohan/.y  is  navigable  to  this  town  for 
vessels  of  100  tons. 

BRIDGETOWN,  t.  Queen  Anne  co.  Md. 
on  the  Tuckahoe ;  8  m.  E.  Centreville. 

BRIDGETOWN,  t.  Kent  co.  Md.  on  the 
river  Chester;  18  ni.  E.  Chester.  It  has 
about  40  houses. 

BRIDGEWATER,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.;  17 
m.  NW.  Windsor.     Pop.  1,311. 

BRIDGEWATER,  t.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa. 

BRIDGEWATER,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on 
tlie  Merrimack ;  10  ni.  S.  Plymouvh,  70  NW. 
Portsmouth.    Pop.  783. 

BRIDGEWATER,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass. : 
18  m.  NW.  Plymouth,  22  S.  Boston.  Pop. 
1,655.  It  is  a  larg^e  and  valuable  agricultural 
town,  and  one  of  the  most  considerable  in  the 
state  with  regnrd  to  manufactures,  which  con- 
sist of  iron,  cotton,  an  J  woollen. 

BRIDGEWATER,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. ;  12 
m.  S.  Utica,  401  from  W.     Pop.  1,608. 

BRIDGEWATER,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa. ;  275 
m.  from  W.     Pop.  1.418. 

BRIDGEWATER,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J. ; 
3  m.  N.  Roundbrook.     Pop.  2,906. 

BRIDGEWATER,  r.  Mass.  which  unites 
with  the  Namasket  to  form  Taunton  river. 

BRIDPORT,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt. ;  E.  of  Lake 
Champlain,,  opposite  Crown  Point,  5  m.  W. 
Middlcbury,  50  WSW.  Montpclier,  468  from 
VV.    Pop.  1,774. 

BRIER  CREEK,  :.  Wilkes  co.  N.  C.  180 
m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Raleigh. 

BRIGHTON,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass. ;  5  m. 
W.  Boston.  Pop.  972.  Here  the  cattle  are 
driven  for  the  supply  of  Boston  market.  The 
Brisrhton  Cattle  Show  is  under  the  direction  of 
the  Massachusetts  Agricultural  Society.  Stalls 
are  erected  for  the  cattle,  and  a  building  70 
K-et  by  36  for  the  exhibition  of  domestic  man- 
ufactures. Brighton  has  many  elegant  coun- 
try-seats. 

BRIGHTON,  t.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
E.  side  of  Genesee  river,  at  its  mouth,  24  ni. 
NW.  Canandaigua.  Pop.  6,519.  In  this  town 
is  the  new  village  of  Carthage^  and  part  of 
Rochester. 

BRIGHTON,  t.  Beaver  co.  Pa.  at  the  falls 
of  Big  Beaver  creek.  Here  arc  an  iron  fur- 
nace and  a  forge,  and  valuable  mills. 

BRIGHT'S  CORNER,  t  Cumberland  co. 
Me.  36  m.  from  Portland^ 

BRIGHT  HOP^,  t.  Green  co.  Ten.  200  m. 
E.  from  Murfrecsborough. 
BRIGHTSTOWN,  t.  Crawford  co.  Pa. 
BRIMFIELD,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass. ;  19 
»n.  E.  Springfield,  70  WSW.  Boston,  375  from 
W.    Pop.  1,599. 

BRIMFIELD,  South,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.; 
16  m.  E.  Springfield,  380  from  W. 
BRINGREI'S  FARM,  t.  on  the  left  bank 


of  the  Mississippi,  5  m.  below  Donaldaonville, 

and  75  above  N.  Orleans. 

BRINKLEYSVILLE,  v.  Halifax  co.  N.  C. 
225  from  W. 

BRISTOL,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt. ;  25  m.  WSW. 

Montpelicr,  482  fiRn  W. 

BRISTOL,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  on  E.  side 
of  the  Damariscotta,  at  its  mouth ;  13  m.  E. 
Wiscasset,  180  NE.  Boston,  609  from  W. 
Pop.  ^,450.     Here  is  an  acadcny. 

BRISTOL,  CO.  S.  part  of  Mass.;  bounded 
N.  by  Norfolk  co.  E.  by  Plymouth  co.  S.  by 
i  Buzzard's  Bay,  and  W.  by  Rhode  Island.  Pop. 
49,474.  Chief  towns,  Taunton  and  N.  Bedford 
BRISTOI,,  CO.  R.  I.;  bounded  N.  and  NE. 
by  IMassacliusetts,  E.  by  Mount  Hope  Bay, 
and  W.  by  Narraganset  Bay.  It  contains  the 
towns  of  Bristol,  Warren,  and  Barrington. 
Pop.  5,466.    Chief  town,  Bristol. 

JJRISTOL,  s-p.  and  cap.  Bristol  co.  R.  I.  on 
the  continent ;  4  ni.  S.  Warren,  15  S.  Provi- 
dence, 15  N.  Newport,  56  SSW.  Boston,  424 
from  W.  Lon.  71°  12'  W.  lat.  4P  35'  N. 
Pop.  3,054.  It  is  a  very  pleasant  town,  and 
has  a  safe  and  commodious  harbor,  and  is  a 
place  of  considerable  trade.  It  was  distin- 
guished for  the  part  which  it  took  in  the  slave- 
trade  previous  to  its  abolition  by  the  American 
government.  It  owns  about  7,000  tons  of 
shipping.  The  trade  is  chiefly  to  the  West 
Indies  and  to  Eurnpc.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, a  jail,  a  market-house,  a  masonic  hall,  4 
banks,  an  academy,  a  public  library,  and  4 
houses  of  public  worship.  Great  quantities  of 
onions  arc  raised  here  for  exportation. 

BRISl'OL.  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  90  m.  from 
Boston.     Pop.  799. 

BRISTOL,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct. ;  17  m.  SW. 
Hartford,  331  from  W.  This  town  has  large 
manufactories  of  wooden  and  brass  clocks, 
and  30,000  arc  sometimes  made  in  a  year. 
Pop.  1,707. 

BRISTOL,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. ;  10  m.  SW. 
Canandaigua,  374  from  W.     Pop.  2,952. 

BRIS'l'OL,  bor.  and  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  on 
W.  bank  of  the  Delaware ;  19  m.  NE.  Phila- 
delphia,  157  from  W.  It  is  a  handsomely 
built  village,  pleasantly  situated,  and  is  the  re- 
sort of  much  genteel  company  in  the  summer. 

BRISTOL,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio. 

BRISTOL,  t.  Morgan  co.  Ohio. 

BRISTOL,  V.  Perry  co.  Ohio,  50  ni.  SE. 
from  Columbus. 

BRISTOL  BAY,  on  the  W.  coast  of  N.  A. 
formed  by  the  Peninsula  of  Alaska  on  the  S. 
and  Capo  Newnham  on  the  N.  Lat.58°  20'  N. 

BRITAIN,  Little,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,800.     It  borders  on  Maryland. 

BRITAIN,  New,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  It  is  at 
the  head  waters  of  the  Neshaminy. 

BRITISH  AMERICA.    See  p.  161. 

BROADALBIN,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y. 
10  m.  N.  of  the  Mohawk.  Pop.  2,657.  There 
are  2  meeting-houses  for  Presbyterians,  and  1 
for  Methodists,  in  tliis  town. 

BROAD  BAY,  bay  on  the  coast  of  Maine. 
Lon.  65°  19'  W. ;  lat.  43°  50'  N. 

BROAD  CREEK,  v.  Queen  Anne  co.  Md. 
50  m.  from  W. 


■  % 


him 


206 


BRO— BRO 


7  f  ■.'' 


BROAD  CREEK,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Ion.  77°  32'  W. ;  lat.  34=  42'  N. 

BROAD  CREEK,  r.  Delaware-,  which  runs 
info  Nnnticoke. 

BROAD  CREEK,  r.  Md.  which  runs  into 
tlie  Potomac,  Ion.  77°  9'  W^  lat.  38°  50'  N. 

BROAD  CRKEK,  hundred,  in  S.  part  of 
Sussex  CO.  Dokiware 

BROADFIE^jD,  v.  Westmoreland  co.  Va. 

BROADHEAD'S  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which 
runs  into  the  Delaware  in  N.  part  of  North- 
ampton CO. 

BROAD  KILL,  t.  and  himdred,  in  Sussex 
CO.  Del.  on  Delaware  hay ;  173  m.  from  W. 


BROAD  KILL,  r.  Delaware,  which  runs 
into  Delaware  bay,  Ion.  7.5°  19'  W.;  lat.  38= 
50'  N. 

BROAD  MOUNTAIN,  or  fourth  large 
ridge  from  the  Blue  Mount,  commences  its 
eastern  extremity  in  Northampton  eo.  near 
the  head  of  Pokono  creek,  and  crosses  the  liC- 
high  at  the  "  Turn  Hole,"  extending  wc^sterly 
to  the  river  Schuylkill.  Its  average  height  is 
about  lOUO  feet  above  its  base. 

BROAD  RIVER,  r.  or  arm  of  the  sea,  S.  C. 
between  Port  Royal  island  and  the  main  land. 
Upon  this  river  is  Beaufort. 

BROAD  RIVER,  n  S.  C.  formed  by  the 
rivers  Enoree,  Tyger,  and  Pacolct.  After  a 
course  of  40  miles,  it  unites  with  the  Saluda, 
a  little  above  Columbia,  to  form  the  Congarec 
BROAD  RIVER,  r.  Georgia,  which  runs 
into  the  Savannah,  at  Petersburg. 

BROAD  RUN,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into  the 
Potomac,  Ion.  77°  30'  W. ;  lat.  39°  9'  N. 

BROKEN  KNIFE,  creek,  Oawford  co. 
Ohio,  on  the  E.  branch  of  Sandusky  r. 

BROCKPORT,  V.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Great  Western  Canal,  17  ni.  W.  from  Roches- 
ter.   Pop.  793. 

BROCKVILLE,  seat  of  justice,  Leeds  co. 
U.  C.  on  the  left  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  16 
m.  above  Prescott.  It  is  a  very  flourishing 
place,  in  a  fertile,  well  cultivated  neighbor- 
hood. 
.  BROKENSTRAW,  t.  Warren  co.  Pa. 

BROKENSTRAW  CREEK,  v.  Crawford 
ro.  Pa- 

BROKENSTRAW  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which 
runs  ESE.  into  the  Alleghany,  about  8  m.  W. 
from  Warren.  It  is  about  40  yards  wide  at 
its  mouth,  and  is  a  rapid  stream,  with  numer- 
ous mills  on  its  banks. 

BROKEN  SWORD,  name  of  a  creek  in 
Crawford  co.  Ohio,  running  south-westwardly 
into  Sandusky  r. 

BROMLEY,  t.  Somerset  CO.  N.  J.  about  10 
m.  NW.  from  Boundbrook. 

BROMPTON,  t.  L.  C.  Buckingham  co.  on 
St.  Francis  r. 

BRONX,  t.  Westclicstcr  co.  N.  Y.  22  m. 
NW.  from  the  city  of  New  York. 

BRONX  CREEK,  r.  N.Y..  which  runs  into 
East  river,  in  Westchester,    jfjength  28  m. 

BROME,  t.  Richelieu  co.  L.  C-  SE.  from 
Montreal. 

BROOK  HILL,  V.  Monlgsmery  co.  Ten. 
£21  m.  from  W. 

BROOKE,  CO.  NW.  point  of  Va.  bounded 


W.  and  N.  by  the  Ohio,  E.  by  Pennsylvania, 
and  S.  by  Ohio  co.  Pop.  6,774.  Chief  tcvn, 
Wellsburg. 

BROOKEVILLE,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 
on  a  branch  of  Patuxent  r.  20  m.  N.  from  W. 
C.  It  contains  about  20  dwelUng-houses,  1 
male  and  one  female  school,  an  excellent  asso- 
ciate library,  2  drug  shops,  1  store,  2  tanneries, 
and  2  grist  and  saw-mills.  Lat.  39°  11'  N.  22 
m.  from  W. 

BROOKFIELD,  t  Orange  co.  Vt  6  m.  N. 
from  Randolph,  and  17  S.  from  Montpelier. 
Pop.  1,677. 

BROOKFIELD,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  .31 
m.  NNW.  from  Portsmouth.    Pop.  671. 


BROOKFIELD,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  18 
m.  W.  from  Worcester,  and  58  W.  from  Ros. 
ton.   Pop.  2,342.   It  was  formerly  divided  into 
two  parishes,  but  the  second  parish  now  con. 
stitutes  a  distinct  town  called  North  Brook- 
field.     This  town  was  settled  at  an  early  ]«■- 
riod,  and  during  Phihp's  war  in  167.5,  was  nt- 
taeked  by  the  Indians.    The  inhabitants  coj. 
Iceted  in  one  house,  which  was  immediately 
besieged  by  the  savages,  who  set  fire  instantly 
to  every  other  building  in  the  town.     For  two 
days  and  nights  the  Indians  poured  in  shot 
upon  the  people  in  the  house  incessantly,  but 
were  met  by  a  most  determined  defence  on 
the  part  of  the  besieged.    They  then  attempt- 
ed to  fire  the  house  by  flaming  torclK^s,  at  the 
ends  of  long  poles;  but  the  garrison  contin- 
ued to  defend  themselves  by  firing  from  llic 
windows  and  throwing  water  ui)on  the  flames, 
as  they  fortunately  had  a  pump  within  the 
house.     These  attempts  failing,  the  Indians 
then  prepared  a  cart  loaded  witli  flax,  hemp, 
and   other   combustible   matters,  and,  under 
cover  of  a   barricade  of  boards,  thrust  the 
burning  mass  by  tlie  means  of  long  timbers 
against  the  house.     In  this  movement  one  of 
the  wheels  came  oflT,  which  turned   the  niii- 
chine  aside  and  exposed  tlie  Indians  to  the 
fire  of  the  garrison ;  a  shower  of  rain  comini; 
on  at  the  same  time,  extinguished  the  flames. 
Shortly  afterwards  a   reintbrcement  of  forty 
men  arrived  from  Boston,  forced  their  way 
through  the  enemy  and  joined  the  garrison. 
The  Indians  then  abandoned    the  siege  and 
retired,  having  suffered  a  heavy  loss. 

BROOKFIELD,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  6  m. 
NE.  from  Dimbury,  33  NW.  fi-om  New 
Haven,  and  305  from  W.    Pop.  1,261. 

BROOKFIEI-D,  t.  .Madison  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  Unadilla;  22  m.  S.  from  Utica,  93  W. 
from  Albany,  and  348  from  W.   Pop.  4,367- 

BROOKFIELD,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  525  m. 
from  W. 

BROOKFIELD,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio;  15 
m.  N.  from  Warren. 

BROOKFIELD,  t.  Morgan  co.  Ohio. 
BROOKFIELD,  {Nor^,)  t.  Worcester  co. 
Mass.   19   m.  W.  from  Worcester,  and  59 
WSW.  from  Boston. 
BROOKFIELD,  Montgomery  co.  Ohio. 
BROOKHAVEN,  t.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Long  Island ;  70  m.  E.  from  New  York.  Pop. 
6,095.    This  is  a  very  large  township,  extend- 
ing from  one  side  of  the  island  to  the  other, 


BRO— BRO 


207 


nbull  CO.  Ohio;  15 

ran  CO.  Ohio. 

',)  t.  Worcester  co. 

Vorccster,  and  59 


and  containing  9  post-offices,  viz.  Brookhaven, 
Satauket,  Stony  Brook,  Middletown,  Pat- 
chogue.  Fire  Place,  Forge,  Drowned  Meadow, 
and  Moriches;  and  7  houses  of  public  worship. 

BROOK-HILL,  Montgomery  co.  Ten. 

BROOKLINE,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  40  m. 
S.  from  Windsor. 

BROOKLINE,  t.  Hillsborough  co-.  N.  H. 
9  in.  SSW.  from  Amherst,  and  65  WSW.  from 
Portsmouth. 

BROOKLINE,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  5  m 
S\V.  from  Boston.  It  is  a  pleasant  town,  and 
contains  a  number  of  elegant  country-scats. 
Large  quantities  of  vegetables  are  raised  here 
for  the  supply  of  Boston  market. 

BROOKLYN,  t.  Windham  co.Ct.  46  m.  E. 
from  TIart*brd. 

BROOKLYN,  t.  Cuyauga  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
in  1820,  348. 

BROOKLYN,  a  large  town  on  Long  Isl- 
and, separated  from  the  city  of  Now  York  by 
the  narrow  channel  called  East  River.  It  is 
properly  a  suburb  of  that  city,  and  is  a  place 
of  great  business.  It  is  regularly  built,  and 
contains  many  fine  houses,  the  residence  of 
merchants  from  the  city.  The  United  States 
Navy  Yard  is  in  the  east  part  of  the  town 
upon  a  bay  called  the  Wallabout.  Pop.  15,3!)6. 
Near  this  town  a  bloody  battle  was  fought 
with  the  British  in  1776,  and  the  neighbor- 
hood exliibits  many  remains  of  the  fortifica- 
tions thrown  up  at  tliat  time. 

BROOKS,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me.  by  the  post- 
road  114  m.  NE.  from  Portland.  Pop.  in 
1820,  318. 

BROOKSVILLE,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me.  Pop. 
1,099. 

BROOKVILLE,  or  Franklin,  t.  and  cap. 
Franklin  co.  Indiana,  on  the  White  Water ; 
30  m.  N.  from  Lawrenceburg,  42  NW.  from 
Cincinnati,  and  578  from  W.  It  is  a  very 
flourisliing  town,  finely  situated,  and  contains 
a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  market-house,  a  print- 
ing-office, and  nearly  100  liouscs,  and  has  con, 
siderable  trade. 

BROOME,  a  south  frontier  co.  of  the  state 
of  N.  Y.  bordering  on  Susquehannah  co.  Pa. 
and  Del.  r.  Pop.  17,582.  Binghampton  on  the 
N.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  148  m.  W, 
by  S.  of  Albany,  is  tlie  chief  town. 

BROOME,  or  Bristol,  t.  Schoharie  co.  N. 
Y.  35  m.  SW.  from  Albany,  and  381  from  W 
Pop.  3,161. 

BROOMVILLE,  v.  Del.  co.  N.  Y.  on  Mo- 
hawk  branch  of  Del.  r.  about  70  m.  SW.  from 
Albany. 

BROTHER'S  VALLEY,  t.  Somerset  co. 
Pa. 

BROTHERTOWN,  an  Indian  village  in 
Paris,  N.  Y.  with  a  population  of  about  400. 

BROUETTE,  r.  Indiana,  which  runs  into 
the  Wabash,  Ion.  87°  40'  W. ;  lat.  39°  44'  N. 

BROUGHTON,  t.  Buckingham  co.  L.  C. 
36  m.  S.  from  Quebec. 

BROWN,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.        ' 

BROWN,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio. 

BROWN,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio. 

BROWN,  CO.  Michigan  territory.  Pop. 
964.    The  seat  of  justice  is  Green  Bay. 


BROWN,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me.  696  m.  from  W. 
BROWN,  CO.  Ohio,  on  the  r.  Ohio,  W.  of 
Adams   eo.  formed    in    1818.    Pop.   17,867. 
Georgetown  is  the  chief  town. 

BROWNFIELD,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  on  Saco 
r.  28  m.  SW.  from  Paris. 

BROWNIIELM,  t.  Huron  co.  Oliio, 
BROWN   INLF:T,  channel  k^tween  two 
small  islands  on  the  N.  coast  of  N.  C.     Lon. 
77=  30'  W, ;  lat.  34^  32'  N. 

BROWNINGTON,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  55  m. 
NNE.  from  Mont|)ciicr.    Pop.  412. 

BROWNSBOKOUGH,  t.  Madison  co.  Ala. 
BROWNSBURt;,  t.  Rockbridge  co.  Va.  on 
Hay's  creek;  12  m.  NNE.  from  Lexington. 

BROWNSBURG,  v.  Columbia  co.  Geo.  612 
m.  from  W. 

BROWNSBURG,  v.  Washington  co.  Ten. 
4C2  m.  from  W. 

BROWN'S  CROSS  ROADS,  v.  Pike  co. 
Ohio,  13  m.  NW.  from  Pikcton,  and  24  SW. 
from  Chihcothe. 

BROWN'S  CROSS  ROADS,  v.  Ross  co. 
Ohio. 

BROWN'S  CORNER,  v.  Kennubeck  co. 
Me.  618  m.  from  W. 

BROWN'S  FERRY,  t.  Madison  co.  Ala. 
BROWN'S  MILLS,  t.  Mifllin  co.  Pa. 
BROWN'S    MILLS,    t.  Washington    co. 
Ohio,  80  m.  SE.  from  Columbus. 

BROWN'S  PASSAGE,  NW.  coast  of 
America,  lietween  Dundas  and  Stephen's  isl- 
and, leading  into  Chatham's  sound. 

BROWN'S  POINT,  cape,  S.  extremity  of 
the  island  of  Tobago  in  the  West  Indies. 
Lon.  16^  20' E. ;  lat.  11°  10' N. 

BROWN'S  SOUND,  on  NW.  coast  of 
America,  lat.  §5°  18'  N.;  lon.  132°  20'  W. 

BROWN'S  STORE,  t.  CasweU  co.  N.  C. 
80  m.  NW.  from  Raleigh. 

BROWN'S  STCmE,  t.  Culpepcr  co.  Va. 
70  m.  NW.  from  Richmond,  and  60  SW. 
from  W. 

BROWNSTOWN,  t.  and  cap.  Jackson  co. 
Indiana ;  25  N.  by  E.  from  Salem. 

BROWNSTOWN,  v.  Wayne  co.  Michigan, 
16  m.  SW.  from  Detroit. 

BROWN'S  TAVERN,  v.  Ann  Arundel  co. 
Md. 

BROWN'S  TURNPIKE,  t.  Albemarle  eo. 
Va.  about  75  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Richmond. 
BROWN'S  VILLAGE,  v.   Herkimer  co. 
N.  Y.  68  m.  NW.  from  Albany. 

BROWNVII-LE,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.  40 
m.  N.  from  Bangor.  Pop.  402.  In  1810,  the 
country  between  Brownville  and  the  Chaudiern 
was  explored,  and  the  distance  to  St.  Fran5ois 
on  tliat  river,  found  to  be  100  m. 

BROWNVILLE,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  S. 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  E.  end  of  lake  Onta- 
rio, and  N.  of  Black  river ;  180  m.  NW.  from 
Albany,  and  477  from  W.  Pop.  2,938.  The 
village  of  Brownville  is  on  Black  r.  5  m.  from 
its  mouth,  and  is  a  place  of  considerable  trade. 
BROWNSVILLE,  or  Brownstown,  t  and 
cap.  Jackson  co.  Illinois,  on  Big  Muddy  river, 
25  or  30  m.  above  its  entrance  into  the  Miss, 
and  30  SE.  from  Kaskaskia.  It  is  a  flourish- 
ing town,  situated  in  a  very  fertile  country, 


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BRO— BRU 


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and  has  fine  mill  seats.  The  Big  Muddy  r. 
is  navigable  a  little  above  the  town.  Close  to 
the  town  there  is  a  salt  spring,  and  2  or  3  m. 
distjint  are  immense  quantities  of  eoal. 

BROWNSVILLE,  t.  and  "bor.  Fayette  co. 
Pa.  on  the  Monongahela  r.  12  m.  NVV.  from 
Union,  33  S.  by  E.  from  Pittsburg,  57  ESE. 
from  Wheeling,  and  223  from  W.  It  is  a 
wealthy  and  flourishing  town.  It  contains  a 
bank  and  a  ])rintiQg-of}ice,  and  has  in  the 
town  and  vicinity  many  flour  mills  and  manu- 
fiieluring  establishments.  Here  is  a  convenient 
and  an  abundant  supply  of  coal.  The  situa- 
tion of  the  town  is  singular  and  picturesque  ; 
built  on  the  side  of  a  hill ;  the  houses  on  the 
most  elevated  part  being  about  300  feet  higher 
than  those  on  the  Monongahela.  Many  boats 
are  built  here,  loaded  witli  produce,  and  taken 
to  Pittsburg.  In  tlie  vicinity  ore  many  monu- 
ments of  Indian  antiquity. 

BROWNSVILLE,  v.  Marlborough  district, 
S.  C.  429  m.  from  W. 

BROWNSVILLE,  v.  Union  co.  In.  on  tlie 
E.  fork  of  White  r.  60  m.  NW.  from  Cincin- 
nati, and  70  SE.  by  E.  from  Indianapolis. 

BROWNSVILLE,  v.  Granville  co.  N.  C. 
about  50  m.  N.  from  Raleigh. 

BROWNSVILLE,  v.  Oldham  co.  Ken.  50 
m.  NW.  from  Frankfort.  • 

BROYLE,  harbor,  cape,  and  settlement,  on 
the  E.  side  of  Newfoundland,  15  m.  NE  from 
Aquafort,  and  30  SW.  from  St.  John's. 

BRUCETOWN,  v.  Frederick  co.  Va.  78  m. 
W.  from  W. 

BRUCEVILLE,  v.  Knox  co.  In. 
BRULE  RIVER,  NW.  territory,  runs  into 
lake  Sajwrior  from  tiic  SW.   It  has  a  commu- 
nication, though  precarious  and  diflicult,  witli 
the  St.  Croix  of  the  Mississippi.' 

BRUNERSTOWN,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Ken. 
(iO!)  m.  from  W.    Pop.  92. 

BRUNSWICK,  CO.  S.  side  of  Va.  bounded 
N.  by  Dinwiddle  and  Sussex  cos.  E.  by 
(ircensvilie  co.  S.  by  North  Carolina,  and  W. 
by  Mecklenburg  and  Lunenburg  cos.  Pop. 
15,770.    Lawrencevillo  is  the  chief  town. 

BRUNSWICK,  CO.  SE.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
6,523.    Ciiief  town,  Smithville. 

BRUNSWICK,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt  on  the  Ct. 
65  ra.  NE.  from  Montpelier. 

BRUNSWICK,  t.  Schuylkill  co.  Pa. 
BRUNSWICJC,  t.  Medina?  CO.  Ohio. 
BRUNSWICK,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Me.  on 
S.  side  of  the  Androscoggin,  opposite  Top- 
sham,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  two 
bridges,  30  m.  NE.  from  Portland,  145  NNE. 
from  Boston,  and  581  from  W.  Pop.  3,747. 
Lon.  69°  55'  W.;  lat.  43°  53'  N.  It  is  a 
pleasant  town,  and  has  considerable  trade. 
The  falls  of  the  Androscoggin  at  this  place 
afford  a  number  of  very  fine  mill  scats,  which 
are  improved  to  a  considerable  extent  in  tlic 
manufacture  of  cotton  and  wool.  Bowdoin 
College  was  incorporated  in  1794,  and  was  or- 
ganized in  1802.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on 
an  elevated  plain,  commanding  a  view  of  the 
Androecoggin  and  the  adjacent  country.  The 
college  buildings  ore  the  president's  house,  a 
cbapel,  containing  in  the  second  story  the 


library,  consisting  of  8,000  volimies;  and 
Massachusetts  Hall,  a  brick  building  50  feet 
by  40.  This  building  contains  the  philosophi- 
cal and  tlie  chemical  apparatus,  a  laboratory, 
a  cabinet  of  minerals,  and  a  large  coUrction 
of  paintings  bequeathed  to  the  college  by  the 
Hon.  James  Bowdoin.  To  this  gentleman  the 
college  is  also  indebted  for  a  part  of  the  min- 
eralogieal  specimens,  and  for  a  valuable  col- 
lection  of  models  in  crystalography.  The  phi. 
losophieal  apparatus  is  excellent,  and  suftieitnt 
for  a  complete  course  of  experimental  lectures. 
The  legidative  government  of  the  college  is 
in  the  hands  of  13  trustees,  and  a  board  of 
45  overseers.  The  executive  government  ig 
intrusted  to  a  president  and  four  professors. 
The  studies  of  which  a  knowledge  is  neces- 
sary in  order  to  admission  into  the  frcslunpii 
class,  are  Virgil,  Cicero's  Select  Orations, 
GrcBca  Minora,  the  Greek  Testament,  and  tlie 
four  fimdamental  rules  of  arithmetic.  The 
following  is  the  course  of  study.  1st  year. 
The  English,  Latin,  and  Greek  languages, 
and  arithmetic.  2d  year.  The  several  lan- 
guages continued,  together  with  geography, 
algebra,  geometry,  plane  trigonometry,  men- 
suration of  superficies  and  solids,  rhetoric  and 
logic.  3d  year.  The  several  languages  con- 
tinued, together  with  heights  and  distances, 
gauging,  surveying,  navigation,  conic  sections, 
natural  philosophy,  chemistry,  metaphysics, 
history  and  theology.  4th  year.  Chemistry, 
metaphysics,  and  theology  continued,  together 
with  astronomy,  dialling,  spherical  geometry 
and  trigonometry,  witli  their  a|)plicntion  to  as- 
tronomical problems ;  ethics,  natural  law,  and 
civil  polity.  For  tuition,  each  student  pays  2l) 
dollars  per  annum,  and  for  room  rent,  (for  a 
whole  room,)  10  dollars.  Board  is  from  $2  to 
2,50  a  week ;  and  wood,  from  2  dollars  to  2.50 
a  cord.  Commencement  is  held  on  the  first 
Wednesday  in  December,  There  are  three 
vacations:  the  1st,  from  commencement,  4 
weeks :  the  2d,  from  Friday  after  tlie  3d 
Wednesday  in  December,  8  weeks ;  and  liie 
3d,  from  Thursday  preceding  last  Wednesday 
in  May,  2i  weeks, 

BRUNSWICK,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N,  Y,  6 
m.  E.  from  Troy.     Pop.  2,570. 

BRUNSWICK,  New,  province  of  British 
America.    See  page  167. 

BRUNSWICK,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa. 

BRUNSWICK,  L  Brunswick  co.  N.  C.  on 
W.  side  of  Cape  Fear  river ;  17  m.  SW.  from 
Wilmington,    Lon,  78°  10'  W, ;  lat  34°  3'  N. 

BRUNSWICK,  s-p,  and  cap,  Glynn  co. 
Geo.  at  the  mouth  of  Turtle  river;  95  ni. 
SSW,  from  Savannah,  and  747  from  W,  Lon. 
80°  10'  W, ;  lat,  31°  10'  N.  Its  harbor  is  ex- 
cellent, capable  of  containing  a  numerous  fleet 
of  men-of-war ;  but  it  is  a  small  town.  Tiie 
shipping  owned  here,  amounts  to  1,016  tons. 

BRUNSWICK,  (New,)  city,  N.  J.  partly  in 
Middlesex  and  partly  in  Somerset  co,  on  SW, 
side  of  the  Raritan,  17  m.  by  the  course  of 
the  river  above  Raritan  bay,  12  W,  from  Ani- 
boy,  16  NE,  from  Princeton,  33  SW,  from  N. 
York,  56  NE,  from  Philadelphia,  and  1^4 
from  W.    Lon,  74°  23'  W.:  lat.  40°  30' N. 


BRU— liUC 


1209 


Po|>.  7,831.  It  contaiiLs  a  court-housf,  jnil,  n 
iiiarket-liouso,  '2  bankw,  a  colli;{,'c,  a  tlicolofjical 
Ht'iiiiiiiiry,  and  si'vcral  lioiiscs  of  public  wor* 
.sliij),  1  for  PrcMbytcrians,  1  for  Episcopaliaiin, 
1  for  Dutch  Kelbrined,  1  for  Baptistn,  and  ] 
ior  MctliotlistK.  A  considerable  part  of  tbi- 
lovvn  is  Hituatcd  ra*hcr  low,  but  it  is  account- 
(d  iualtliy,  and  hah  considerable  trade,  'riic 
(xportH  consist  cliirfly  of  fjraiii.  The  Knritun 
is  naviijaiile  as  fui  as  this  place  for  sloops  of 
Mi  tons.  Here  is  a  bridge  across  the  river. 
Rutirers  College  was  founded  in  this  place  by 
niiiiistera  of  tlie  Dutcii  Ilefbrmed  church,  in 
1770.  The  buildinir  is  a  handsome  stone  cdi- 
lice,  3  stories  high.  It  has  5  instructo.s,  and 
till'  iiuiiilx  r  of  students  ranges  from  70  to  100. 
('oiiiiiienceinent,  3d  Wednesday  in  August. 
'J'lie  first  vacation  is  from  cominencctnent  to 
St'pt.  loth ;  tlie  2d,  from  Dec.  3lst  to  Jaii.  7th; 
the  3d,  from  April  7th  to  May  1st. 

IJIIUSII  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  rises  in 
Ilighlaiid  CO.  and  flows  through  Adams  co.  into 
tliu  Ohio  r.  Large  quantities  of  iron  ore  arc 
foiiiid  near  this  r.  and  several  iron  works  and 
furnaces  have  been  erected  upon  it. 

UKL'SU  CREEK,  t  Scioto  co.  Ohio. 

BRUSH  CREEK,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio. 

BRUTUS,  t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  5  m.  N.  from 
Auburn,  17o  N\V.  from  Albany,  400  from  VV. 
Pop.  ]Jt^21.  It  is  a  very  good  agricultural 
town.  E.vcellcnt  limestone  and  gypsum  are 
found  here. 

BRYAN,  a  small  maritime  co.  (jco.  Iwund- 
id  on  the  nortli  by  the  Ogecclice  r.  which  di- 
vides it  from  Chatham  co. ;  the  Cannouchee  r. 
intersects  it  from  the  S\V.  corner,  fiilling  into 
lliu  Offecchee  about  tlie  centre  of  the  N.  side. 
Top.  2,31!).  The  court-house  of  the  county  is 
al)out  1.)  m.  S.  of  Savannah,  and  206  SE.  by 
IL  from  Milledgeville. 

BRYAN,  t.  IJryan  co.  Geo.  between  the  C^. 
niachio  and  Ogeechce  r.  about  2.5  m.  SVV.  by 
W.  iroin  Savannali.  Lat.  31-^  53'  N. ;  Ion.  P 
30'  W.  from  W. 

BRYANTOVVN,  v.  Charles  co.  Md.  on  the 
road  from  Port  Tobacco  to  ^innajwlis,  40  m. 
."^SW,  from  the  latter  yilace. 

BRYANT'S  CROSS  ROAD.S,  v.  North- 
iiiupton  CO.  N.  C.  .32.5  m.  from  W. 

BRYANT'S  LICK,  SE.  branch  of  Green 
river,  Ken. 

BRYAR  CREEK,  t.  Northumberland  co. 
Pa.  on  E.  side  of  the  Susquehaimali. 

BR Y  DIE'S  STORE,  t.  Lunenburg  co.  Va. 
bO  in.  S\V.  from  Richmond. 

BUACIIE,  r.  N.  A.  which  ri.ses  in  NVV.  ter- 
ritory of  the  U.  S.  and  runs  to  the  Detroit  r. 

BUCK  CREEK,  r.  Ivcn.  which  runs  into 
tin;  Ohio  r. 

BUOK  CREEK,  a  large  miU  stream  of 
<'lark  CO.  Ohio,  a  branch  of  Mad  river,  on 
which  lias  been  erected,  besides  a  consider- 
able number  of  mills,  a  cotton  and  woollen 
manufactory. 

BUCKFIELD.  t.  Oxford  co.  Maine,  G  m.  E. 
Irom  Paris,  150  IN  ME.  from  Boston,  613  from 
W.     Po|(.  1,510.     Iron  oru  L  f^mid  here. 

BUCKilANAN,  t.  Harrison  co.  Va.  239  m. 
from  W. 

2B 


nUCKHANNON,  v.  Lewis  co.  Va.  282  m. 
NW.  t'rcim  Richmond. 

BUCK  HEAD,  creek,  Geo.  flilla  into  the 
Ogctelire  r.  (iO  m.  below  Louisville. 

BUCKHEAD,  t.  Fairfield  district,  S.  C.  35 
m.  N.  from  ('ohm>.bu.'<. 

BUCKHEAD,  t.  Morgan  co.Geo.  50  m.N. 
from  Milledgeville. 

BUCKHORN  FALLS,  v.  Chatham  co.  N. 
C;.  315  in.  from  \V. 

BUCKINCiHA.M,  co.  central  part  of  Va. 
l)omided  NVV.  and  N.  by  .lamca  r.  E.  by  Huck- 
ingham  co.  S.  by  Prince  Edward  and  Camp- 
bell cos.  Fop.  1H,351.  Chief  town.  New  I 'an- 
ton.  The  court-house  is  about  20  m.  SW.  from 
New  t^anton,  I'M)  from  \V. 

BUCKIN(inAM,C.H.  Buckingham  co.Va. 
45  111.  NE.  from  Lynchburg. 

BU(;KIN(i HAM,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa. 6  m.  NW. 
from  Newtown,  167  from  W. 

BUCKINGHAM,  t  Wayne  co.  Pa. 

BUCKIN(iHAM,  ca  h.  C.  in  the  district 
of  Three  rivers,  on  the  right  side  of  St  liaw- 
rcnce  river. 

BUCKINCHIAM,  t.  L.  C.  in  York  co.  on 
the  Ottawa  river. 

BUCKLAND,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  10  m. 
WSW.  fromtJrccnfield,  105  WNW.  from  Bos- 
ton.    Poj).  1,031). 

BUC;K[-AND,  t.  Prince  William  co.  Va.  40 
m.  from  W. 

BUC;KLAND,  t.  Hertford  co.  L.C.on  the 
right  side  of  SL  Lawrence  r.  20  m.  SE.  from 
(Quebec. 

liUCKLAND,  t.  Wayne  co.  Mich. 

BUCKLESTOWN,  t.  Berkeley  co.  Va.  8  m. 
from  Martinsburg. 

BUCKNERSVILLE,  V.Christian  co.  Ken. 
223  ni.  SVV.  from  Frankfort 

BUCK'S  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs  into 
the  Cumberland  r.  Lon.  84=  25'  W.;  lat  Sti'' 
46'  N. 

BU('K'S  HARBOR,  bay  of  Uic  Atlantic,  on 
S.  eo;;st  of  .Maiiio,  in  the  U.  S.,  W.  of  Miiciiius 
bay.    1  ,.m.  03°  31'  W\ ;  lat.  4P  42'  N. 

BUt'ls'S,  CO.  Pa.  on  tlu;  Delaware  r.  bounded 
SW.  by  Pliiladdpliia  and  Montgomery,  NW. 
by  Lrhigh  and  Northampton,  and  on  the  NE. 
and  SE.  separated  from  N.  .1.  by  the  Delaware 
r. ;  lengtli  37  m.  mean  width  16  m.  area  600 
sq.  ms. ;  the  surface  liilly,  or  rather  rolling, 
and  delightfully  variegated ;  soil  in  general  e.v- 
ccllent  Stiiple.s,  grain,  flour,  whiskey,  fruit, 
cider,  hay,  and  a  great  variety  of  other  articles 
of  minor  importance.  Besides  the  Delaware 
it  is  watered  by  tlic  Neshaminy  and  Tochicon 
creeks,  both  fine  mill  streams ;  the  Perkiomen 
also  rises  in  Bucks  co.  It  is  abundant  in  mills, 
and  presents  the  aspect  of  a  well  cultivated 
and  flourishing  co.  Chief  towns,  Doylestown, 
Newtown,  and  Bristol.  Pop.  in  1820, 37,842 ; 
in  1830,  45,740. 

BUC:KSKIN,  t  Rosn  co.  Ohio. 

BUC;KSP0RT,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me.  on  tlie 
E.  bank  of  the  Penobscot,  17  m.  above  Castine. 
It  is  a  maritime  town,  and  has  a  consid- 
erable trade.  Pop.  2,237.  It  ia  pleasantly 
situated,  and  has  a  good  harbor  with  sufficient 
depth  of  water  for  the  largest  ships. 


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BUCKSTOWN,  t.  Dorchester  co.  JVld.  8  rn. 
SE.  from  Cambrid^' ". 

BUENAIRK,  isl.  in  the  W.  Indies,  belong- 
ing  to  the  Dufcii.  It  is  52  in.  E.  from  Cnra- 
coa.     Lon.  67°  36'  W.;  lat.  12^  26'  N. 

BUENAVENTURA,  r.  of  Mexieo,  entering 
the  Paeific  Ocean,  in  New  Cahlbrnio,  at  lUP 
N.  lat.  and  41=  W.  lon.  from  W.  This  river 
rises  in  the  high  mountain  chain  of  C'hip|)e- 
wan,  between  N.  lat.  40^  and  '12=,  interlocking 
sources  with  Lewis'  Platte,  and  Rio  (irande 
del  Norte.  Pursuing  a  south-western  course 
of  700  ni.  it  is  lost  in  the  Pacific,  We  have 
given  the  position  and  extent  of  this  stream 
from  Tanner's  Map  of  Mexico. 

BUFFAIiO,  t.  jwrt  of  entry  and  cap.  Erie 
CO.  N.  Y.  22  m.  S.  from  the  Falls  of  Niagara, 
90  ENE.  from  Prcsquc  Isle,  222  NNE.  from 
Pittsburg,  250  E.  from  Sandusky,  291  W.  from 
Albany,  431  from  W.  Pop.  8,653.  It  is  a 
pleasant  and  very  thriving  town,  and  contains 
a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  bank,  and  lias  a  con- 
siderable trade.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  This  town  was  burnt  by  the 
British  during  the  late  war,  but  has  since  been 
rebuilt  in  an  improved  style.  Being  situated 
on  the  best  channel  of  intercourse  between  the 
Atlantic  and  the  regions  of  the  west,  Buffalo  is 
destined  to  become  a  great  emporium  of  trade. 
The  town  is  built  on  the  NE.  side  of  Buffalo 
creek,  a  considerable  mill  stream  which  joins 
the  lake  half  a  mile  below.  The  depth  of 
water  in  Buffalo  creek  is  sufficient  for  a  har- 
bor, being  12  or  14  feet  for  a  mile  from  its 
mouth,  and  the  breadtli  from  -2  to  16  rods. 
Its  only  obstruction  is  the  sand  and  gravel  at 
its  mouth,  driven  in  by  gales  of  wind.  To  pre- 
vent the  sand  from  thus  accumulating,  a  pier 
of  1000  feet  in  length  has  been  built,  which 
admits  vessels  drawing  6  or  7  feet  water  to 
enter  tlie  harbor. 

BUFFALO,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.  Pop.  570. 

BUFFALO,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,416. 

BUFFALO,  t.  Armstrong  co.  Pa.  Pop.  1,150, 

BUFFALO,  t.  Butler  co.  Pa.     Pop.  375. 

BUFFALO,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  285 
.  BUFFALO,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio.  Poj).  696. 

BUFFALO,  V.  Mason  co.  Vu.  389  m.  from  W. 

BUFFM.O,  V.  Lincoln  co.  N.  C.  454  m. 
ftom  W. 

BUFFALO,  t.  Union  co.  Pa. 

BUFFALO,  t.  Perry  co.  Pa.        '     ,     , 

BUFFALO,  t.  Pike  CO.  Miso. 

BUFFALO,  t.  Erie  co.  N.  Y. 

BUFFALO,  East,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa. 

BUFFALO,  West,  t.  Northumb.  co.  Fa. 

BUFFALO,  r.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  which  runs 
into  the  Niagara  r.  at  the  outlet  of  lake  Erie, 
and  at  the  village  of  Buffalo. 

BUFFALO,  r.  Northumberland  co.  Pa. 
which  runs  into  W.  branch  of  the  Susquehan- 
nah,  a  little  above  Lewisburg. 

BUFFALO,  r.  Tennessee,  which  runs  SW. 
into  the  Tennessee.    Lat.  35°  10'  N. 

BUFFALO,  r.  Louisiana,  which  runs  into 
the  Mississippi,  above  the  Illinois. 

BUFFALO,  r.  Louisiana,  which  runs  into 
the  Red  River. 


BUFFALO,  r.  Mis.  which  runs  S.  of  W.  and 
flows  into  the  Mississippi,  at  Loflus  Heights, 
2  ni.  above  Fort  Adams. 

BUFFALO,  small  r.  Mis.  in  Wilkinson  co. 
its  course  is  nearly  W.  40  m.  falls  into  the  Mis- 
sissippi  9  m.  below  tlie  mouth  of  Homocliitto. 
The  soil  watered  by  this  stream  is  generally 
hilly,  but  fertile,  producing  cotton  and  maize 
in  abundance. 

BUFIVVI.O,  small  branch  of  White  r.  Ark. 

BUFFALO,  small  stream,  Mccldenburg  co. 

Va.  falls  into  the  Roanoke  in  the  SW.  angle 

of  the  CO.     On  this  creek  is  a  post-oflicc,  120 

ni.  SVV.  from  Richmond. 

BUFFALO  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
tlic  Ohio,  above  Wheeling. 

BUFFALO  CREEK,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs 
uito  Broad  r.   Lon.  81°  46'  W. ;  lat.  35°  IS*  iV 
BUFFALO  CREEK,  Geo.  runs  into  tiic 
Oconee,  30  or  40  m.  below  Milledgeville. 

BUFFALO  FORK,  Arkansas,  rises  near 
tlie  N.  bank  of  the  Arkansas  r.  and  runnin); 
180  m.  NE.  joins  White  r  700  in.  above  its 
mouth. 

BUFFALO  CREEK,  Va.  and  Pa.  rises  in 

Washington  co.  of  the  latter,  and  falls  into  the 

Ohio  r.  at  Wellsburg,  Brooke  co.  of  the  former. 

BUFFALO  LAKE,  N.  A.  near  the  Copper 

Mine  r.  in  Ion.  111°  W.;  lat.  67°  12'  N. 

BUFFALO  SHOAL,  t.  IredeU  co.  N.C.  12D 
m.  from  Raleigh. 

BUFFORD'S  BRIDGE,  v.  Barnwell  dis- 
trict,  S.  C. 

BUL  A,  v.  Alleghany  co.  Pa.  233  m.  from  W. 
BULLET,  CO.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio. 
BULLET  LICK,  salt  lick  in  Bullet  co.  Ken, 
20  m.  from  the  rapids  of  tlie  Ohio. 

BULLETSBURG,  t.  Boone  co.  Ken.  517  m. 
from  W. 

BULL  HILL,  mt.  in  the  Highlands,  N.  Y. 
hear  the  Hudson.     Height,  1,391  feet. 

BULL  ISLAND,  S.  C;.  one  of  the  3  islands 
which  form  the  N.  part  of  C!liarleston  harbor, 
near  the  coast. 

BULLITT,  CO.  Ken.  bounded  by  the  Oliior, 
W.,  Salt  r.  SVV.,  Nelson  S.,  Shelby  E.,  and  Jrt- 
fersoii  N. ;  length,  30  m.;  mean  width,  10; 
area,  300  sq.  ms.;  surface  hilly,  and  soil,  tliougii 
varied,  generally  productive.  Staples,  grain, 
flour  and  salted  provisions.  C/hief  town,  Shep. 
pardsville.  Pop.  5,660.  Lat.  38°  N. ;  lon.  6°  30' 
W.  from  W. 

BULLOCK,  CO.  (Jco.  Iwunded  by  Bryan  SE,, 
Tatnall  SW.,  Emanuel  NW.,  and  Seriven  ami 
Eflingham  NE. ;  length,  45  m. ;  mean  brcadlli, 
12;  are! ,  540  sq.  ms.  Surfuce  i)art  level,  and 
part  hilly;  soil  of  :.i-lrjr.iig  (juulity.  Staides, 
grain,  cotton,  tobacco,  &c.  Chief  town,  Statt)^- 
borough.  Pop.  2,586.  Lat.  32°  30'  N. ;  lon. 
5°W.'fromW. 

BULL'S  B.\Y,  on  the  E.  coast  of  New- 
fbundland,  nearly  due  E.  60  ni.  from  Plaeentia. 
Lon.  from  W.  24°  30'  E. ;  lat.  47°  20'  N. 

BULLSKIN,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa.  on  NE.  side 
of  the  Youghiogany. 

BULLSKIN,  r.  Ohio,  which  flows  into  the 
Ohio,  in  Clermont  co. 

BULLTOWN,  v.  Lewis  co.  Va.  372  m.  NW. 
from  Richmond.  •>  - 


BUIr-BlIR 


SYl 


BULSTRODE,  t.  nuckingham  co.  L.C.  a013l  N.  from  iMiddleljury,  38  VVNVV.  from  Mont- 


A-hich  runs  into 


V,  Barnwell  dis- 


cd  by  the  Ohio  r. 
iclby  E.,  and  Jcf- 
ncan  width,  10; 
,  and  soil,  tliouf;li 
Staples,  grain, 
'hifftowni,  Shell- 
s'N.;  Ion.  6°  30' 


m.  SE.  from  Three  Rivers.  i 

BUNCOMBE,  CO.  N.  C.  lioundcd  bv  S.C.  S.,  I 
Hnywowl  VV.,  Ten.  N\V.,  Asiie  NE.,  Burl<e 
niid  Rutherford  E. ;  len^tii,  H;'>  m. ;  mcun  widtii, 
2.);  area,  2,12,3  sq.  ms.  Surface  generally 
hilly  and  mountainous,  and  .soil  reeky,  thoiigh 
ia  purl  fertile.  Staples,  grain  and  flour.  Chief 
town,  Ashville.     Pop.  l(i,2.')!). 

UUNGAH-QUOIIEM,  lake,  Maine,  35  m. 
N.  from  Moosehead  lake. 

BUNKEIl  HILL,  a  stiep  height oecupying 
the  ecntre  of  tiie  i)eninsul;i  upon  which  stands 
the  town  of  Charlestown,  Mass,  The  southern 
extremity  otters  a  less  abrupt  eminence  de- 
tached from  the  main  height,  and  properly 
cidli'd  Breed's  Mill.  Here  was  fought  on  the 
17th  of  June,  177"),  the  celebrated  battle  known 
as  the  Battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  (ien.  Warren 
fell  in  the  action,  and  tlic  Americans  finally 
retrciited  from  tlie  s|K)f,  but  the  British  suffered 
the  loss  of  nearly  lialf  their  men  and  were  un- 
al)le  to  make  the  least  use  of  their  advjintage. 
To  perpetuate  the  memory  of  this  obstinate 
struggle  between  the  midisciplined  militia  of 
New  England  and  the  veterans  of  Britain,  a 
noble  monument  has  been  commenced  on  the 
spot,  and  is  now  about  one  third  finished.  It 
is  a  plain  obelisk  of  granite,  and  will  be  220 
feet  high. 

BURDETTE,  v.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.  by  the 
postroad  277  m.  W.  from  Albany. 

BURFORD,  t.  Oxford  co.  U.  C.  between 
Windham  and  Dundas-strcet. 

BURGESS,  t.  Leeds  co.  U.C.  north  from 
Bastard. 

BURGETTSTOVVN,  t.  Washington  eo.Pa. 
248  m.  from  W. 

BURGOE'S  GAP,  v.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa. 
209  m.  from  W. 

BURKE,  CO.  W.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop.  17,727. 
Chief  town,  Morgantown. 

BURKE,  CO.  N.  part  of  Geo.  Pop.  11,833. 
Chief  town,  Waynesborough. 

BUIiKE,  t  Caledonia  .co.  Vt.  20  m.  NNE. 
from  Danville,  45  NE.  from  Montpelier,  534 
from  W.    Pop.  866. 

BURKE'S  CANAL,  inlet  on  the  NW.  coast 
of  America,  formed  by  King's  Island  on  the 
N.  and  New  Albion  on  the  S.  Lon.  232=^  10' 
E.;  lat.  .51°  .57' N. 

BURKE'S  GARDEN,  v.  Tazewell  co.  Va. 
300  m.  WSW.  from  Richmond. 

BURKSVILLE,  t.  Cumberland   co.  Ken. 
about  50  m.  E.  from  Bowling  Green,  708  ni. 
from  \y.    It  is  the  chief  town  of  the  county, 
and  contains  a  bank. 
BURLINGTON,  t.  Bradford  co.  Pa. 
BURLINGTON,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Ohio  r.  4  m.  above  Wheeling  in  Kentucky,  10 
NE.  from  St.  Clairsville. 
BURLINGTON,  Licking  co.  Ohio,    Pop. 

BURLINGTON,  t.  and  cap.  Lawrence  co. 
Ohio,  on  the  Ohio  r.  75  m.  SE,  from  Chilicothc, 
120  from  Columbus,    Pop.  140. 

BURLINGTON,  t,  port  of  entry  and  cap, 
Chittenden  co.  Vt  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name 
in  lake  Champlain,  20  m,  SSE,  from  Plattsburg, 


IK-lier,  7(1  N,  from  Wliitehall,  11)8  NW.  from 
Boston,  501  from  W.     Lon.  73^  1.5'  W.;  lat. 
44^  2H'  N.     I'op.  .S,5-2(;.    The  village  is  very 
finely  situnled,  lying  in  the  form  of  a  parallel- 
ogram, having  its  slinrtt  st  side  on  the  lake  100 
rods  in  lengtli,  the  other  extending  back  up  a 
gradual  asccMit  a  mile  I'rom  the  water.    It  eon- 
tains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  a  uni- 
versify,  and  2  handsome  Congregational  meet- 
ing-houses.    At  the  falls  of  Onion  r.  there  are 
a  woollen  manufactory,  a  cotton  manufactory, 
a  paper  mill,  an  oil  mill,  and  other  valuable 
mills.     Burlington  is  a  flourishing  town,  and 
of  more  commercial  importance  than  any  other 
in  the  state.    The  University  of  Vermont  was 
incorporated  in  17!U.    The  college  edifice  is  a 
spacious  and  elegant  brick  building,  4  stories 
high,  160  feet  long,  75  wide  in  the  central  part, 
and  45  on  the  wings,  containing  a  chapel,  7 
rooms  for  public  uses,  and  46  for  students.    It 
is  finely  situated  on  the  east  side  of  the  village, 
one  mile  distant  from  lake  Champlain,  on  an 
elevation  of  330  feet  above  the  surface  of  tlie 
water,  and  commands  an  extensive  and  de- 
lightful prospect  of  the  lake,  with  its  islands, 
of  tiie  high  mountains  along  the  western  shore, 
and  the  surrounding  country.  The  president's 
house,  belonging  to  the  university,  is  a  linnd- 
some  building  of  wood.    The  library  contains 
8  or  900  volumes.     The  philosophical  appa- 
ratus is  tolerably  complete.    The  funds  of  the 
institution  consist  chiefly  in  lands,  amounting 
to  about  40,000  acres;  but  a  small  part  of 
which  is  yet  leased.     The  board  of  trustees  is 
composed  of  the   governor  of  the  state,  the 
s|)eaker  of  the  house  of  representatives,  and 
the  president  of  the  university,  ex  qfficiis,  to- 
gcther  with  15  gentlemen  chosen  by  the  legis- 
lature  and  holding  their  offices  9  years,  but 
capable  of  a  reapiwintmcnt.     Five   new  ap- 
pointments are  made  every  3  years.    The  ex- 
ecutive  government  consists  of  a  president,  5 
professors,  1  of  languages,  1  of  mathematics 
and  natural  philosophy,  1  of  surgery  and  the 
theory  and  practice  of  physic,  1  of  anatomy 
and  physiology,  and  1  of  chemistry,  and  2  tu- 
tors.   'The  number  of  students  is  36,    The 
studies  of  which  a  knowledge  is  necessary  for 
admission,  are  the  whole  of  Virgil,  Cicero's  Se- 
lect  Orations,  the  Greek  Testament,  and  Arith- 
motic.     The  following  is  the  course  of  study : 
1st  year,  Sallust,  Cicero  de  Senectate  and  de 
Amicitia,  Horace,  GriBca  Minora,  part  ofGraeca 
Majora,  Clark's  Introduction,  Neilson's  Greek 
Exercises,  Adams' Antiquities,  Murray's  Gram- 
mar,  Blair's  licctures,  and  Arithmetic ;    2d 
year,  Cicero  de  Oratorc,  Livy  five  first  books, 
Grojca  Majora  to  the  end.  Elements  of  French, 
Geograpliy,    I,ogic,   Webber's    Mathematics, 
Sinuon's    Euclid,    and  Walker's   Rhetorical 
Grammar ;  3d  year,  Tacitus'  History,  Cicero 
de  Officiis,  Enfield's  Philosophy,  Kaimes'  Ele- 
ments of  Criticism,  Paley's  Moral  Philosophy, 
and  Chemistry;  4th  year,  Locke  on  the  Human 
LTnderstanding,  Stewart's  Philosophy,  Butler'g 
Analogy,  Paley's  Evidences,  Vincent's  Cate- 
chism, Vattel's  Law  of  Nations,  Homer's  Iliad, 
Campbell's  Philosophy  of  Rhetoric,  and  El- 


212 


BUR— BUS 


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sfjfflf*  %(il  ;  ■  *"  i  1  ■ 


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finrnla  of  IFebrow.  For  tuition,  room  rout, 
and  iibrury,  eiicli  student  piiyH  $!()  a  yc.ir;  for 
board,  fVoni  $1,50  to  l,7.">  u  wet-k.  Tlui  com- 
inrnccnicnt  Ih  on  the  M  Wcdnonday  in  Anff. 
'I'bcrc  arc  only  two  vacatioiiH ;  one  from  com- 
niciiccincnt,  4  wocits ;  tlu;  otlirr  from  tin;  iid 
Wednesday  in  Dcfrmber, !(  wrciks.  'Vhv  cx- 
crci8C8  of  tliis  institution  wore  Husix^ndcd  tor 
two  years  durinpf  the  late  war,  and  the  stu- 
dents were  all  dismitiscd.  In  August,  18I5,  it 
was  reorpnTiizi.'d. 

BURFJN(n'l)N,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  12 
m.  NN  W.  from  Boston,  47(5  from  W.  Vo\u  4H(i. 

BURLIXGT(  )N,  t.  Hartford  co.Cf.  I  (;  ni.  W. 
from  Hartford,  342  fnun  VV.     Pop.  1,U()1. 

BURLINGTON,  t.  Otsejro  co.  N.  Y.  12  m. 
W.  from  (^ooperstown,  7y  W.  froui  Albany, 
366  from  W.  Po[).  2,4.5!).  It  is  a  ijood  af,'^ri. 
cultural  town,  and  contains  4  houses  for  public 
worship. 

BURLINGTON,  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Atlantic, 
and  extending  NW.  to  Delaware  r.  Pop.  31,066. 
Chief  towns,  Mount-Holly  and  Burlinffton. 

BURLINGTON,  city,  port  of  entry,  and 
cap.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  on  Delaware  r.  o]>|)o- 
Bit«  Bristol,  11  m.  belox  Trenton,  17  aliovc  I'liil- 
udelphia.  It  was  settled  in  1677.  It  contains 
a  court-liousc  and  jail,  4  houses  of  public  wor- 
ship, an  academy,  two  flourishing  boarding 
schools,  1  for  boys  and  1  for  girls,  a  public  libra- 
ry, and  has  some  considerable  manufactures. 

BURLINGTON,  t.  (Jeauga  co.  Ohio. 

BURLINGTON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice.  Law- 
rcnce  co.  Ohio,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Ohio  r. 
at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  co.  75  ni.  SE.  from 
C^hilicothc,  and  110  SE.  from  Columbus.  Lat. 
38°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  27'  W.  from  W. 

BURLINGTON,  v.  Greene  co.  In.  on  the 
W.  fork  of  VVliite  r.  50  m.  NR  from  Vincen- 
nes,  and  by  the  postroad  72  m.  S^V.  from  Co- 
lumbus. 

BURLINGTON,  v.  Boone  eo.  Ken.  14  ni. 
SW.  from  Cincinnati,  and  by  the  postroad  83 
in.  a  little  E.  of  N.  from  Frankfort. 

BURLINGTON,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa. 

BURLINGTON  BAY,  forming  the  extreme 
W.  part  of  lake  Ontario,  or  rather  a  separate 
lake,  as  tlie  surf  has  thrown  up  a  bar  of  sand 
and  pebbles.  Over  the  outlet,  a  good  bridge 
has  been  erected. 

BURNCOAT  ISLAND,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me. 
Po|).  218, 

BURNING  SPRINGS,  the  name  given  to 
ccrtiin  springs  in  the  W.  part  of  the  state  of 
N.  Y.  chiefly  in  the  towns  of  Bristol,  Middle- 
sex, and  Canandaigua.  They  emit  gas  which 
may  be  set  on  fire.  At  Bristol  the  gas  rises 
from  the  clefts  of  the  slate  rocks  on  the  mar- 
gin of  a  brook,  and  liere  it  burns  continually 
with  a  steady  flame.  Where  it  rises  through 
the  water  it  is  formed  into  bubbles  and  flashes 
when  the  flame  is  applied.  In  Middlesex,  the 
springs  lie  along  a  tract  about  a  mile  in  length, 
partly  at  the  bottom  of  a  valley.  The  gas 
arifles  from  the  summits  of  little  hillocks  of  a 
dark  bituminous  mould,  and  burns  with  a 
steady  flame.  In  winter,  wlion  these  hillocks 
arc  covered  with  snow,  openings  arc  made 
through  it,  and  the  gas,  when  set  on  fire,  burns 


in  contact  with  tlio  snow.  Sometimes  lubes 
ol"  ice  are  Uirniefl  nlmut  the  currents  of  gas, 
and  rise  to  the  height  of  several  feet ;  wlieti 
several  of  these  lire  liglited  at  once  in  a  still 
evening,  the  illiiiniiuilion  prfMlnees  a  most  bril- 
liant etl'ect.  There  is  another  burning  sjiring 
U|X)n  Niagara  river,  about  half  a  mile  above 
the  falls,  and  within  a  tew  feet  of  the  rapids; 
the  water  is  charged  with  Kuijilinretted  hydro- 
gen  gns.  In  the  SK.  part  of  lake  Erie,  al)oiit 
20  rods  from  the  shore,  is  a  burning  sprinir 
rising  from  the  Ijottom  of  the  lake.  The  water 
is  here  4  or  5  feet  deep,  and  the  stream  from 
the  spring  is  thrown  to  the  surfac(>  with  con- 
siderable force.  When  a  brand  is  applied  tit 
the  water,  it  bursts  into  a  flame.  If  drunk,  il 
piTives  a  powerful  emetic. 

BURN'I' CABINS,  Bedford  co.  Pa. 

BURNT  CORN,  t.  and  seat  laf  justice,  Mon- 
roe  CO.  AliibaiMii. 

BURNT  ISLAND,  small  island  in  the  At- 
lantic,  near  the  coast  of  Maine.  Lon.  68^  l.V 
W. ;  lat.  4 1^  !!'  N. 

BURX'I'  ISLAND,  on  tlic  S.  coast  of  New- 
fo'indland,  15  ni.  ESK.  from  Caix;  Ray.  Lon. 
58=  .'^0'  W. ;  lat.  47^  30'  N. 

BURNTLOIKJf';,  r.  N.  A.  which  runs  into 
tlie  Missouri,  6  m.  W.  from  Hratton's  r. 

BURRILLVILLE,  t.  Providence  eo.  R.  f. 
in  the  NW.  corner  of  the  state;  about  24  in. 
WNW.  from  Providence.  It  contains  a  ban!; 
and  several  cotton  manufactories. 

BURRTOWN,  t.  Ruthertbrd  co.  N.  C.  498 
in.  from  W. 

BURTON,  t.  StraflTord  co.  N.  If.  88  m. 
NNW.  from  Portsmouth. 

BURTON,  t.  (Jeauga  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Ciiy- 
nhoga,  about  10  m.  SE.  from  Chardon,  343 
from  W.     Here  is  an  academy. 

BURTON,  t.  Sunbury  co.  N.  Brunswick,  on 
the  W.  side  of  St.  Johns  river. 

BURTON,  t.  Washington  co.  Miso. 

BURTONSVILLE,  v.  Orange  co.  Va.  108 
m.  from  W. 

BURTUSH,  harlwr,  on  the  NE.  coast  of  N. 
Brunswick,  15  or  20  m.  from  the  S.  extremity 

BURTZTOWN,  v.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 

BURY,  t.  Buckingham  co.  L.  C.  70  or  80 
m.  SE.  from  Three  Rivers. 

BUSH,  r.  Md.  which  runs  into  Chesapeake 
bay,  belmv  Hartford. 

BUSH  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the 
Delaware,  in  S.  part  of  Wayne  co. 

BUSHKILL,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 

BUSHKILL,  creek,  Northampton  co.  Pa. 
falling  into  the  Delaware  r.  at  Easton.  It  is 
between  20  and  30  m.  long,  and  one  of  tlie 
fiiu'st  mill  streams  in  the  state. 

BUSHVILLE,  V.  Franklin  co.  Geo.  by  the 
postroad  126  m.  N.  from  Milledgeville. 

BUSHWICK,  t.  Kings  co.  Long  Island,  N. 
Y.  on  the  N.  side  of  Brooklyn,  and  on  East 
River.     Pop.  1,620. 

BUSKIRK'S  BRIDGE,  v.  Washington  co. 
N.  Y.  432  m.  from  W. 

BUSTARD,  r.  L.  C.  enters  the  St.  Lawrence 
near  Manicouigan  Point. 

BUSTI,  v.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  350  ni.  o 
little  S.  of  W.  from  Albany.        . 


BUS-CAn 


213 


N.  H.  88  111. 


nUSTLETOWN,  t.  riiilatl.li)lii;i  co.  Pii.  1 » 
m.  NK.  from  l'liiln<)a.     Here  is  mi  ariKlciny. 

mVVlA'Al,  <•<>.  I'll.  Ik  tvvciii  the  Alli'trliiuiy 
iitid  Ht'iivcr,  rivers,  Itoiiiidid  S.  Iiy  Allc;,fli!iny, 
W.hy  Hi'iiver,  N\V.  l»y  iMcrccr,  N.  Iiy  N'ciuiiiiio, 
niul  !■'..  by  Ariiistniiiif;  Icimtli,  ."I")  m. ;  iiic.iii 
widtli,  i-i  i  ari!.'!,  H  ID  si\.  ins. ;  siirliiC''  liiliy,  Imt 
soil  poiifnilly  t'crliK;  .iiul  ucll  wiitircil.  Cliii  1' 
town,  IJiitlir.     l'()|).  I  l,ti-.'f. 

IJU'J'LER,  t.  Hutlir  co.  I'a.     Vap.  in  \&2i), 

m. 

liVTLEll,  iKir.  and  cup.  of  IJutlcr  co.  I'a. 
I'o|).  in  ISIO,  -J-^'). 

JUITU'lli,  CO.  Ken.  on  (Jncn  r.  lionndod  S. 
liy  Lojfan,  VV.  by  Alnlilt^nlicrL',  N\V.  by  Ohio, 
NM.  by  (Jruyson,  and  Sl-l.  by  Warren;  k'ngtli 
.').'<  in. ;  mean  widtli,  2'> ;  area,  SJ.!  sq.  ins. ;  .sur- 
faci!  tfi-ntly  \vaviii<r  or  hilly;  soil  frrlilc.  Sta- 
ples, {jraiii,  tloiir,  I'ruit,  live  stock,  and  .salted 
provisions.  (Jliiof  town,  .Morijantown.  I'oi). 
J,O.W.   I,at.  :il^  :W ;  Ion.  !)=  IW  \V.  from  W. 

HUTLEK,  CO.  Ala.  bounded  S.  by  Cnneciih, 
W.  by  Monroe  and  Wilcox,  N.  by  Moiitfroine- 
ry,  and  10.  by  Henry;  lenytli,  Vui  in.;  incaii 
widtli,  'M;  area,  1!)0I(  sq.  ins.;  surflicc  frciier- 
aJly  ilat  or  {feiitly  rolliiifr,  with  a  thin  soil,  ex- 
wpt  along'  the  Htn^anis.'  Staple,  cotton,  I'oj). 
r),(i;M.  Lat.  3P  4,y  ;  Ion.  !J^  IW  W.  from  ^V. 

BUTLER,  CO.  Ohio,  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Preble  and  Montgomery  cos.  I'J.  by  Warren 
CO.  S.  by  Hamilton  co.  and  W.  by  Ind.  It  is 
27  in.  long  from  E.  to  VV.  by  18  broad  from  N. 
to  S.  containinpf  480  sq.  ins.  The  land  is 
mastly  of  un  excellent  quality  (iir  farminff. 
('Iiicf  town,  Hamilton.  Po[».  27,044.  Lat 
3iio30';  Ion.  7=  .30'  W.  from  W. 

BUTLER,  t.  Columbiana  co,  Ohio. 

BUTTER,  t.  Stark  co.Ohio.    Pop.  1820,  .323. 

BUTTER,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
in  1820,  1,646. 

BUTTERHILL,  mt  N.  Y,  on  W,  side  of 
the  Hudson,  opiiosito  to  Breakneck  Hill,  3  in. 
below  Newburgh,    Height,  1,432  feet, 

BUTTER  ISLAND,  t,  Hancock  co.  Maine, 
Top- in  1810, 10;  in  1820,11. 

BUTTERMILK  FALLS,  Luzerne  co.  Pa. 
so  called  from  the  color  of  the  water ;  below 
it  is  a  fall  of  about  15  feet,  over  a  rock  formed 
by  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  on  which  are 
sonic  fine  mills, 

BUTTERNUTS,  t,  Otsogo  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Uiiadilla,  21  m.  SW.  from  (Jooperstown,  87  W. 
from  Albany,  343  from  W.  Pop.  3,991.  It  is 
a  good  agricultural  town,  and  contains  a  forge 
for  making  bar  iron,  and  some  water  works, 

BUTTERNUTS,  r,  N,  Y,  which  rims  into 
the  Unadilla,  in  Oxford,     Length,  30  m, 

BUTTON'S  BAY,  the  N.  part  of  Hudson's 
Bay,  tlirough  which  attempts  have  been  made 
to  discover  a  NW.  passage  to  China.  It  is  so 
called  from  Sir  Thomas  IJutton,  who  here  lost 
Jiis  ship,  and  came  back  in  a  sloop  built  in  the 
country.     It  lies  between  60^  and  66='  N,  lat. 

BUTTON'S  ISLAND,  in  Hudson's  Strait. 

BUXTON,  t,  York  co,  Maine,  on  E,  side  of 
the  Saco,  o[)i)ositc  Hollis,  8  in,  NW,  from  Saco, 
40  NNE.  from  York,  118  NNW,  from  Boston, 
•"ifja  from  W.  Pop,  2,856,  It  is  a  considerable 
town". 


lil  /ZAUrrS  BAY,  on  .S.  coast  of  Mass. 
oppo.-iitf   |{,\nisf,ib!e   Bay.     It  is  .3(1  in.  long, 
and  7  wide.     Lon.  7(1    '33'  to  71  '  10'  W.  lul, 
i  II  '  r-'.Vio  IP  !•>'  N.  . 

BVltKh'UY,  f.  Philadelphia  CO.  Pa. 

UN' l''ll';i,l),  a  villag(!  in  EtiSt-x  co.  Mass.  5 
III.  ."^W.  tr,.:u  iNewl)iiryi«)rf.  It  is  siliialrd 
round  the  head  of  the  tide  on  tin  river  Parki  r, 
and  between  this  and  Mill  river.  It  contains 
a  cotton  and  woollm  iiianulactory, and  a  num. 
Imt  of  valuable  nulls.  Dunn  ler  Academy, 
wliieli  is  well  endowed,  and  has  a  g';.^!  library, 
is  in  this  parish,  near  Newbury|»ort  turnpike. 
Near  the  meeting-house  tlmre  is  a  res|)ectable 
seminary  li)r  the  instruction  of  yoiuig  ladies  in 
the  liiiflier  branches  of'  education. 

BVRA,  t.  C'ajie  (iirardcau  co.  .Miso. 

BYRAr 
Newtown. 

BYUAM,  r.  which  rises  in  N,  Y,  and. runs 
into  Long  Island  Sound.  It  (onus,  for  a  short 
distance,  tliii  Ixjundary  l>etweun  N.  Y'ork  and 
(.'oiiiiecticut. 

BYRNVILLE,  t,  Schoharie  co,  x\,  Y,  31 
ui,  W,  iroiii  Albimy, 

BYROiV,  V.  (ienesce  co,  N,  Y.     Pop,  1,931). 


mi 
BYRAM,  t,  Sussex  co.ff.  J,     It  adjoins  ♦x) 


CAAMANA,  Cfipe,  on  the  NW.  coast  of 
America.    Lon,  22^^  17'  E,  lat,  r>:,^  29'  N, 

(^ABARl'l'A,  isl,  otr  Jamaica.  Lon.  76^ 
40'  W.  lat.  18^24'  N, 

( 'ABARRAS,  a  small  co,  situatc^d  in  the  in- 
terior of  N.  ('arolina,  lying  W,  of  the  Yadkin 
river.  Pop,  8,796,  Chief  town,  Concord,  143 
111,  WSW,  of  Raleigh, 

CAB  ARRAS  COURT-HOUSE,  Cabarras 
CO.  N,  (-arolina, 

CABBAGE  INLET,  channel  between  two 
small  islands,  on  the  coast  of  N,  Carolina, 
communicating  with  New  river,  Lon,  78°  7' 
W,  lat,  34°  3'  N, 

CABELL,  CO,  Va,  bounded  by  Ohio  river 
NW,  Mason  and  Kenhawa  NP],  Giles  and 
Tazewell  SE.  and  by  Kent,  or  Big  Sandy  river 
SW,  Length  50  ni.  mean  width  35;  area 
1,750  sq,  ins.  It  is  a  mountainous,  hilly,  and 
rocky  region,  with  much  fertile  soil,  well  wa- 
tered and  wooded,    Poi).  5,884, 

CABELLSBURG,or  New-Glassow,  t.  Am- 
hcrst  CO,  Va.;  28  in,  ENE,  Madison,  195 
from  W. 

CABL\  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  wliicli  runs  uito 
the  Ohio. 

(;ABIN  POINT,  t.  Surrey  co.  Va.on  Upper 
Chipoak  creek;  26  m.  ESE.  Petersburg,  171 
from  W. 

CABOT,  t.  Caledonia  co,  Vt, ;  9  in.  W.  Dan- 
ville,  19  NE.  Montpelier,  534  from  W.  Poji, 
1,304,  It  is  on  the  height  of  hnd  between  the 
Connecticut  and  Lake  Champlain. 

CABOT'S  HEAD,  U,  C,  very  large  pro- 
montory running  into  Lake  Huron,  VV,  of 
Ciloucestcr,  or  Matchcdash  Bay,  and  embays  a 
large  [lart  of  that  lake  at  its  easternmost  ex- 
tremity, stretching  itself  towards  tiic  Manitou 
islands, 

CABO  DE  CRUZ,  point  on  the  S,  side  of 
Cuba,    Lat.  19^  48'  N. 


1 


t^im 


214 


CAD— CAL 


:  i  f  ."'1       I 


NFl.  ])oint  of 
I-at.   l!)-^ 


(;AIJ0  DK  ST.  JliAN,  tlif 
Porto  Kico.     Lilt.  IHT  24'  N. 

CAIJUON,  (V//)r,  St.   Domiii-o, 
23'  N. 

CACHK,  t.  ArkoncoB  Territory,  on  Wliitc 
river,  53  in.  W.  of  tlic  inoutli  of  St.  KruiuuN 
river. 

(^ACIIF-d,  (.  in  Nefrrnlniid,  srnted  on  the  r. 
St.  Doiiiin^d.  It  is  siihjcrt  to  llic  I'ortiiirucsc, 
who  have  tlirco  forts,  and  carry  on  a  jfreat 
trade  in  flax  und  slaves.    Lon.  IP  55'  E.  lat. 

~C'ArF\LEY'S  t.  Bath  co.  Va.  postroad  211 
m.  NW.  hy  W.  from  Kiclimond. 

(■ADIZ,  t.  and  cap.  Harrison  co.  Oliio,  Ifi 
m.NW.Rt.  C'lair8viilc,25  W.  StcnlKiiville,  :J(I2 
from  W.     It  is  a  tLrivinj^  town,  and  cont;.nis 


II 
It 

iron 


the  county  l)uildin*s 

CADIZ,  V.  and  seat  of  justice  of  Tripfr  co. 
Ken,  on  Little  river,  postroad  232  m.  SW. 
Frankfort. 

CADO,  r.  Arkansas  Territory,  one  of  the 
branches  of  IJttle  Hed  river. 
('AI)O,  t.  ('lark  co.  Arkansas. 
CADRON,  or  Qiiailrant,  t.  and  caji.  Pnlaski 
CO.  Arkansas,  laid  out  on  a  hifrh  and  rocky 
sjwt  on  the  N.  side  of  the  river  Arkansas  at  the 
mouth  of  a  small  creek  of  the  same  name,  15(1 
m.  by  land  from  the  town  of  Arkansas.     Ilcri; 
is  a  convenient  harl)or  for  boats. 
CiESAR'S  CREEK,  t.  Green  co.  Ohio. 
CAIJABA,  CO.  Ala.  bounded  W.  by  Tucka- 
loosa,  N.  by  Siielby,  E.  by  the  Coosa  river,  and 
S.  by  Montgomery  and  Dallas.    Lcngtii  55, 
breadth  43  m. ;  area  2,265  sq.  ms. 

CAIIABON,  t.  Mexico,  25  m.  W.  from  Vera 
Paz. 

CATIAWBA,  Kahawha,  or  Caho,  r.  Ala. 
which,  after  a  southerly  course,  unites  with 
the  Alabama,  160  m.  below  its  forks,  the  Coosa 
and  Tallapoosa ;  and  210  above  its  junction 
witli  the  Tombigbee. 

CAHAWBA,  t.  Ala.  Dallas  co.  at  the  junc 
tion  of  the  river  Cahawba  with  the  Alabama, 
77  ni.  in  a  right  line  NE.  St.  Stephens.  It 
was  laid  out  in  1818. 

CAHNAWAGA,  v.  in  Johnstown,  N.  Y. 
near  the  Mohawk ;  39  m.  NW.  Albany, 

CAHOKIA,  t.  St.  Clair  co.  11.  about  1  m.  E. 
of  the  Mississippi ;  5  m.  below  St.  Louis,  20 
N.  Harrisonville,  52  NNW.  Kaskaskia,  978 
from  W.     It  is  a  French  village. 

CAHOOS  FALLS,  in  Mohawk  river,  3  m. 
above  its  mouth.  The  river  here  is  alwut  1,000 
feet  wide ;  the  rock  over  which  it  pours,  ex- 
tends across  the  river  obliquely  from  SW.  to 
NE.  and  is  70  feet  high.  From  the  bridge  5 
of  a  mile  below,  the  falls  are  in  full  view. 

CAICOS,  cluster  of  islands  between  St.  Do- 
mingo and  the  Bahamas.  The  largest,  called 
the  (Jrand  Caico,  is  due  N.  from  St.  Domingo. 
Lat.  21°  N. 

CAIMAN'S,  or  more  correctly  Cayman's, 
a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  Caribbean  sea, 
to  the  NW.  of  Jamaica.  Lon.  5°  W.  from  W. 
lat.  19°  15'  N. 

CAIMITES,  3  islands  near  the  west  coast 
of  Hispuniola. 


CA-IKA,  V.  Cumberland  co.  Vo. ;  62  in.  W. 

from  Richmond,  1H5  from  VV. 

CAIRO,  or  ('anion,  i.  (Jrrene  co.  N.  Y. 
m.  \V.  Alh(  ns,  .'VlO  from  \V.     Top.  2,912. 
is  a  coMsideruble   town,   and    iius  Monie 
works. 

CAIRO,  t.  Alexander  co.  II.  at  the  junction 
of  tlic  Oiiio  witJi  tlio  Mississippi,  HO  m.  S.  Kas. 
kiiskiiis. 

CAIRO,  t.  Lancaster  co.  S.  C;  468  m. 
from  NV. 

CAIRO,  or  Crasfoiit,  t.  Sumner  co.  Ten. 
on  tlie  Cumberland;  30  ni.  E.  Nasiivilk,  "iL'-J 
from  W. 

CALAIS,  t.  Washington  co.  Maine.    Pop, 

i,6m;. 

CALAIS,  t.  Wasliington  co.  Vt.;  11  m. 
NK.  Moutpelier,  5;)H  from  \V.  Poj).  L.I.'Jll.  It 
is  an  excellent  agrieidfwral  town,  and  contains 
ii  nail  manufactory,  and  vahiai)le  mills. 

CALAIS,  or  Srooilic  Fall)>,t,  Washington 
CO.  Me.  on  the  St.  ('mix ;  (iM  ni.  NE.  MiirliiaK, 
41H  N  E.  Boston,  H 13  from  W.     Pop.  l,6s(;. 


CALt^ASir,  r.  La.  vliieh  rises  several 


S.  of  Natehito(Ji('s,  an'  pursuing  a  S.  course, 
|)asses  through  a  laki  (>;'  the  same  na'nir,  and 
j  m.  below  the  lake  f'ow  ji  mto  the  (iulf  of  Mexi- 
co, lat  29-  3t)'  N.  I.i.ke  (Weasiu  is  nhoiit  IHI 
m.  long,  and  10  or  12  (wh;'rc  widest)  broad. 

CALDWELL,  an  interior  co.  in  the  wi stern 
part  of  Kentucky,  bounded  on  the  SW.  hy  tlie 
great  Cumberland  river.  Pop.  i^,332.  Eddv 
ville,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  river,  alwut  3(1  ni. 
above  its  entrance  into  the  Ohio,  and  200  SW. 
of  F.Miikfort,  is  the  chief  town. 

C»  i  DWEIjL,  or  Fort  Ocnrge,  I,  and  cap. 
Warr.n  co.  N.  Y.  at  S.  end  of  Lake  (nor^'e, 
62  m.  N.  AUianv,  415  from  W.  Pop.  71'7, 
This  is  becoming  a  place  of  resort,  on  account 
of  file  beautiful  scenery  around  Lake  (jJeorjre. 

CALDWELL,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  It  ad 
joins  to  Newark. 

CALDWELL'S  BRIDGE,  v.  Franklin  co. 
Ten. 

CALEDONIA,  co.  E.  side  of  Vt.  bounded 
N.  by  Essex  co.  E.  by  Connecticut  river,  S.  liy 
Orange  co.  and  W.  by  Washington  and  Or- 
leans cos.  Pop.  20,967.  Chief  towns,  Dan- 
ville and  Peacham. 

CALEDONIA,  t.  Livingston  co.  N.  Y.  W. 
from  Genesee  river,  on  the  road  from  Avon  to 
Batavia,  30  m.  W.  from  Canondaigua,  and  1" 
E.  from  Batavia.  Gypsum  aboimds  in  tlio 
township.    Pop.  1820,  2,645. 

CALEDONIA,  t.  Livingston  co.  N.  Y.  ly- 
ing to  the  W.  of  Genesee  river,  and  S.  of  Erie 
canal,  245  m.  W.  of  Albany.  Big  Spring,  re- 
markable for  the  abundance  of  its  waters,  is  in 
this  township.     Pop.  1,618. 

CALEDONIA,  v.  Washington  co.  Miso. 

CALEDONIA,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  on  flie 
W.  side  of  the  Genesee;  10  m.  E.  from  Bata- 
via, 246  W.  from  Albany,  378  from  W.  Pop. 
2,355. 

CALEMUT,  or  Salamaiiie,  r.  Ind.  which 
runs  into  the  Wabash,  12  m.  E.  from  Eel 
Town. 

CALEMICK,  Big  and  Utile,  2  smoll  rivers 


CAf^CAM 


215 


,. ;  C2  in.  W. 

:o.N.Y.;  11 

,i>.2,nr2.  It 

18  Homo  iron 

I  IliP  jmirtiiin 
bU  in.S.  KuH- 

.  C. ;  4f.8  111. 


rincr  co. 


Ten. 


)!' 


Nashville,  VJ-J 
Maine.    Pop. 

0.  Vt. ;  11  in. 
Top.  l,.^i:<!l.  It 

ti,  and  coiilaiiis 

Ic  mills. 

t.  Washington 

1.  Nl''.  Miirhia!', 
I'op.  I,ti86. 

•iscs  si'venil  m. 
iiicr  a  y.  course, 
lamc  na'nic,  and 
lio  Ciulf  of  Mexi- 
;nKiii  is  nhout  311 
widest)  broad. 
:o.  in  tiie  westrm 
1  the  SW.  bv  till- 
J).  H,3:{3.    K<lily- 
vcr,  al)ont  'M  m. 
Iiio,  and  aOO  SW. 
'n. 

nrpp,  t.  and  rap. 

Lake  Georirc; 

W.    Top.  <;'"• 

■csort,  on  aecouiit 

id  Lake  Georire. 

N.  J.    It  ad- 

,  V.  Franklin  co, 

of  Vt.  bounded 

cticut  river,  S.  by 

lington  and  Or- 

lii(!t'  towns,  Dan- 

on  CO.  N.  Y.  W. 
oad  from  Avon  to 
andaigua,  and  li 
aboimds  in  tlie 

iton  CO.  N.  Y.  Iy- 
er, and  S.  of  Erie 
Big  Spring,  re- 
ef its  waters,  is  in 

igton  CO.  Miso. 
..  CO.  N.  Y.  on  the 
m.  E.  from  Bata- 
8  from  W.    Pop- 

ne,  r.  Ind.  which 
m,  E.  from  Eel 

iH/c,  2  small  riven 


which    empty    into    Tiako    Michigan,  at   its 
Hoiithirii  hciiil. 

CAl.r  I'.ASTI'Ri;  RlVKfJ,  r.  Va.  whieli 
runs  into  .liiincs  river,  luliiw  Lexington. 

C'AI.IIOI'N,  I.  Tni.  on  the  north  side  of 
the  IliwasHCf,  directly  oppusitu  tJie  Cherokee 
Affenev. 

I'ALIKM'N,  V.  iM'.Miiin  co.  'Pen.  on  Mi- 
wansec  river,  poslroad  IIIK  in.  SI),  from  .Miir- 
freesliorough,  and  about  75  m.  SW.  from  Uiiox- 
vilie. 

rALIIOUNSVH.I.i;,  v.  Alitllin  co.  Pa.  52 
m.  NVV.  from  llarrisburg. 

t'Al.I.\(jlI.\,  jKirtof  the  W.  Indies,  in  the 
W.  pi.rt  of  St.  ViiiceiitM. 

C.Vl-lFOUNIA,  Old,  a  province  of  Mexico. 
It  is  a  peninsula,  extending  from  the  bay  of 
Ali-Siiiiits,  in  Inf.  li'i ',  to  (';ij«'  St.  Lucas  in  Int. 
'^i'  lb'  N.aiid  JHmiKied  N.  by  New  (.'alifornia, 
E.  by  the  Gulf  of  California,  and  \V.  by  the 
Pacitic.  A  ridge  of  mountains  runs  through 
the  centre  of  the  i)eninsula.  'Phe  soil  is  gene- 
rally barnm.  'Phe  .lesuits  made  the  tirst  es- 
tablishment here  in  1712.  Since  their  expul- 
sion," the  Dominican  monks  of  the  city  of 
Mexico  have  had  charge  of  the  missions.  'I'he 
country  contains  .').'j,(JOO  sq.  ms.  but  in  |H()3 
only  y,000  inhabitants.  I'Jie  poi)ulation  has 
much  diminished  within  the  last  40  years, 
owing  to  the  ravages  of  the  Kinnll-iwx. 

(^AfjlFORNIA,  New,  a  province  of  .Mexico, 
which  extends  from  the  isthmus  of  Old  Cali- 
titrnia,  or  the  bay  of  'I'odos  Santos,  to  Ca|)e 
Mendoeino,  in  N.  lat.  -lU^  19'.  Jt  is  a  narrow 
traet  of  country,  bill)  m,  long,  and  contains 
l(),(IIJO  sq.  ms.  'Phe  soil  is  as  well  watered  and 
fertile,  as  that  of  Old  Calitbrnia  is  arid  and 
stony.  'Phe  cUmatc  is  more  mild  than  in  the 
same  latitude  on  the  eastern  coast,  (iooil 
wine  is  now  made  in  most  of  the  villages  es- 
tablished by  the  Spaniards  along  tlu;  coast  S. 
ami  N.  of  Monterey,  to  biiyond  'M'  iN.  lat.  'i'he 
European  olive  is  also  successtully  cultivated 
in  several  of  the  settlements.  'I'he  country 
abounds  in  fish  and  game  of  every  description  : 
hares,  rabbits,  and  stags  arc  very  common; 
seals  and  otters  are  also  found  in  prodigious 
numbers.  'Plicre  are  18  missionary  settle- 
ments, fbrined  by  the  Spaniards  on  the  coast, 
wiiich,  within  a  few  years,  have  made  great 
progress  in  jxipulation. 

CALLAHASIf  BAY,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ja 
maica.     lx)n.77-'  2.V  E.  lat.  17^  53'  N. 
CALL  At;  HAN'S,  v.  Batii  co.  Va. 
CALLAHPOEWAll,  Indians,  in  W.  part 
of  N.  America, on  the  .Multnomah.  No.  2,(IU(I. 
CALLAND'S  S'I'ORK,  Pittsylvania  co.  Pa, 
CALLANirS  STORK,  t.  Pittsylvania  co, 
Va.  188  m.  SW.  from  Richmond. 

CiVLLAWAY,  a  co.  of  Kentucky.     Pop, 
5,159.     Wadesborough  is  tiic  chief  town. 
CALN,  East,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.     Pop.  97-1. 
CALN,    West,    t.  Chester    co.  Pa.     Pop, 
1,0U3. 

CALUMAZEE,   r.   Michigan,  runs    into 
Lake  Michigan,  N.  of  Black  river. 
CALUMEL,t.  Pike  co.  Miso. 
CALUMET,  Grand,  on  the  Ottawa  river, 


r>n  the  Koutl)  side,  above  the  Portlfi:  <i»  M<m> 

tagiie,  r.  c. 

CALI'M  H'P, /'«in<  rtw,  on  Iiakc  Hiiprrioi 
I'.  C.  on  the  N.  .HhoH",  the  tirst  |M)inl  W.  of  i 
Dii  Cliciic,  iM'twcen   wliieh   places  the  eoaxt, 
consisting  ol'p(<rpeii(lienlar  rocks,  isdimg('roui<. 

CALVKIPP,  CO.  .Md.;  l)ounded  ,\.  by  Anno 
.\ruiidel  CO.  E.  by  Chesa|x-nke  Bay,  SW.  by 
St.  Mary's  eo.  and  W.  by  Prince  (ieorge  co. 
Poj).  8,K»!).     Cliicf  town,  Prince  Frederick. 

CA.MBAMI;K,  r.  S.  C.  which  is  Ibrmed  by 
two  branches,  called  North  and  South  Salt- 
ketchcr,  and  runs  info  St.  Helena  Sound. 

CA.MBRAY,or  (iiwenieur,  t.  N.  Y.  in  St. 
Lawrence  co.  on  tln'  Oswegatcbie  river. 

CA.M  BRIA,  t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  on  E.  side 
of  the  Niagara.  Pop.  1,712.  It  is  28  in.  long, 
and  l(i  broad,  and  contains  the  jKist- villages 
of  Manchester,  Lewiston,  and  Fort  Niagara, 
which  see. 

(.CAMBRIA,  CO.  Pa.;  lioundcd  N.  by  Clear- 
field  CO.  E.  by  Huntingdon  and  Bedford  cxw. 
S.  by  Somerset  eo.  and  W.  by  Westmoreland 
and  Indiana  cos.  Pop.  7,071).  Chief  town, 
Ebensburg. 

CAMBRIA,  t.  Cambria  co.  Pa.    Pop.  868. 

CAMBRIDtiE,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.;  35  m. 
NNW.  from  MontiKilier,  511  from  W.    Pop. 

CAMBRIDGE,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  IL;  watered 
by  the  Aiulroscoggin ;  25  m.  NIC.  Lancaster. 

CAMBRIIKJI':,  V.  and  scit  of  justice.  Dor- 
cluster  CO.  INld.  on  the  Choptank  rivor.  liat. 
38=  40'  N.  Ion.  P  3'  E.  of  W. 

CAMBRIIKiK,  V.  AblwviUe  district,  S.  C. 
150  ni.  NW.  from  CharKston.  It  contains  (JO 
or  70  houses,  and  from  250  to  350  inhabitants. 

("AMBRIIHJi:,  t.  and  cap.  Guernsey  co. 
Ohio,  on  Wills  creek,  25  m.  E.  from  Zanes- 
vihe,  85  from  Columbus.  Lat.  40  '  1'  N.  It 
is  a  flourishing  place,  and  contains  the  county 
buildings  anil  about  50  dwelling-houses. 

CAMBRUKJE,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  on 
Charles  river,  3  m.  WNW.  from  Boston.  Lon. 
71=  4'  30"  W.  lat.  12=  23'  N.  Pop. 3,205.  It 
contains  three  colleges,  a  court-house,  county 
jail,  state  arsenal,  and  4  houses  for  public 
worship,  vi'/.  2  for  Congregationalists,  1  f()r 
E|)iscopalians,  1  for  Baptists,  and  1  for  Uni- 
versalists.  The  courts  of  the  county  are  held 
alternately  here  and  at  Concord.  The  court- 
house anil  jail  are  at  the  SE.  extremity  of  the 
town,  on  Lechniore's  Point,  which  approaches 
within  a  mile  of  Boston,  and  is  connected  with 
if  by  a  bridge  over  Charles  river.  'Phcre  is 
another  bridge  connecting  this  point  with 
Charlestown.  The  village  of  Canibridgei)ort, 
which  lies  west  of  Lechniore's  Point,  is  con 
nectcd  with  Boston  by  a  bridge  called  West 
Boston  Bridge.  In  this  town  is  Harvard  Col- 
lege, or  the  University  of  Cambridge,  the  oldest 
and  most  wealthy  literary  institution  in  the 
U.  States.  It  was  found(>d  in  1()38,  in  less 
than  20  years  alter  the  tirst  settlement  of  N. 
England.  Its  officers  are  a  president,  20 
professors,  5  tutors,  an  instructor  in  French 
and  Spanish,  a  proctor,  and  a  regent.  The 
library  is  the  second  in  America,  containing 


'2Ui 


CAM-CAM 


§  I?f '1 


'».f 


"♦* 


,* 


:•  # 


41 


upworili*  of  n5,f)t)0  voliiinri'.  'I'lio  pliiliwN)|ilii. 
c-fil  (irid  (:lu!iiii<:iil  ii|i|iiiriitiiN  lire  coinitlt'tt'. 
'riirni  nn^  tM'lon);iii;f  toting  I'liivfrHity,  11  vulu- 
iiblii  ciiliiiiot  oriiiimrulH,  nn  t'Xi-i'llcnt  nnalonii- 
riii  iiiUN(!iiiii,  ami  a  lK)tiiiii(!  ((iinlcn,  Minlniniiii; 
H  ucTCH,  iiiul  rurriiHlicil  with  mi  cxtciiHivi:  col- 
Ifctioii  of  trccM,  KJinihs,  nnd  |ilntitN,  liotti  iiii- 
tivo  011(1  lorciifii.  'J'lie  roll(  ^;r  ImildingM  «:oii- 
niHt  of  the  I'liivrrnily  Miill,  which  in  nn  clr- 
friiiit  HtoiK!  edifice,  coiitairiinif  the  chn|K'l,  diti- 
iii^  ImllH,  and  lecture  roninM;  idirvard  Hail, 
ciintainin^;  the  lihrnry,  phiifiNopiitcal  appara- 
tiiN,  niuHeiini,  &c. ;  4  HpaeiouM  lirii'k  ('difi(!CN, 
containing  rooniN  l()r  HtiidentH;  und  tievrrnl 
other  biiildiritTH,  fiir  thu  acconinuxtation  of  tlic 
prcHidcnt,  (jroli'ssorH,  and  xtiuientN.  A  law 
Hchor>l,  medical  hcIiooI,  and  theolop;icnl  Henii- 
iiary,  form  part  of  the  UniverHitv.  'J'lie  num- 
l)or  of  studentH  ranfjea  from  J  to  '100.  A 
preutcjr  mimlx-i'  of  HtiidentN  has  heeii  educated 
licre  timn  at  any  other  collcgi;  in  the  country. 
'I'hc  Htudies  of  which  a  knowltdtfe  ix  neccH- 
Bary  in  order  to  admission  into  tiie  freHJnnan 
class,  arc  Virpil,  Sallu«t,,  ( 'icero'B  Select  Ora- 
tionH,  (trii'ca  Minora,  (Jreek  Testament,  An- 
cient und  Modern  (ieofjraphy,  Arithmetic 
throurrh  alliiration,  medial  and  alternate,  und 
Alpehra  to  the  end  of  simple  ccpiations. 

t'lmrsp  of  Study, — 1st  year,  (irn'ca  Majora, 
Livy  5  books,  IJorace,  (irotius  de  Vcr.  Rel. 
ChriH.  Ejfcerpta  Latina,  Aljjehra,  Geometry, 
Ancient  History  und  (.'hronolo^fy,  AVolker's 
Rhetorical  (irannnar,  Enpflish  Gnunmar,  and 
Adams'  Koman  AntiijuitiLS.  2d  year.  Grceca 
Majora  continued,  Excerpta  Latina  finished, 
Cicero  do  Oratorc,  'I'rijfonometry,  Navigation, 
liloir's  Lectures  on  Rhetoric,  Modern  History 
and  Clironolofjy,  Hedge's  Ijogic,  and  Locke  on 
the  Human  Understanding.  3d  year.  Grojca 
Majora  fini.shcd,  Locke  finished,  Ffomcr's  Il- 
iad 4  or  5  books,  Juvenal  and  Tcrsius,  or 
equivalent  jwrt  of  Tacitus,  Paley's  Evidences, 
W'illnrd'a  Ifebrcw  Grammar,  part  of  the  He- 
brew liihle,  Gricsbach's  (ircck  i'estament  criti. 
cally,  Enficld'H  Natural  Philosophy  and  As. 
tronomy,  Stewart's  Philosophy  of  the  Human 
Mind,  Pulcy's  Moral  Philosoi)hy,  and  Mensu- 
ration of  Superficies  and  Solids.  4tli  year, 
I'hificld  and  Stewart  continued.  Conic  Sections, 
Spheric  Geometry,  (Chemistry,  Burlamaqui  on 
Niitural  and  Political  liUW,  Paley's  Moral  and 
Political  Philosophy,  Political  Economy,  and 
JJutler's  Analogy. 

The  annual  amount  of  tlie  college  charges, 
to  those  who  arc  not  beneficiaries,  is  as  follows : 
Steward,  $10;  Board  in  common,  38  weeks 
of  term-time  at  about  $3  jwr  week,  $114; 
room  rent,  812 ;  instruction,  two  first  years, 
$4G  each  year,  3d  year  $64,  4tli  year  $74,  ave- 
rage $57  50 ;  librarian,  repairs,  lecture-rooms, 
catalogues,  and  contingencies,  $8 ;  wood,  $1() ; 
lK)oks  used  in  classes,  $15;  total,  $232  50. 
Commencement  is  Jield  on  tlie  last  Wednes- 
day in  August.  There  are  3  vacations :  the 
first  from  the  commencement,  4  weeks  and  2 
days;  the  second,  from  the  4tii  Friday  in  De- 
cember, 7  weeks;  the  tliird,  from  tlic  tiiird 
Friday  in  May,  3  weeks.  The  whole  number 
educated  at  this  colli  go,  from  its  foundation  to 


IKIO,  was  5,.';;iH;  of  whom  1,377  had  devoted 
Ihi'NiHi  Ivi'N  (1)  )lir  ChrlMtian  miniiitry. 

CAMIilHlMiE,  \\rit,\.  MidilteNrxco.Muiw. 
(!  m.  N.  from  ItoMton.     Pop.  I,2.'t0. 

J'AMIUHIMiE,  t.  W'HHhinglon  eo.  N.  Y.  12 
m.  S.  (roiii  Siilem,  :»."»  NK.  AllNiriy.  Pop.  2,:tl!t. 
Ill  iHiti,  2  towiiH,  White  rrci  k  ami  Jaekwiii, 
wero  Hit  off  from  Cambridge.  Here  \n  im 
nendiMiiy. 

CAMHKIIM;E,  v.  Franklin  eo.  Vt.  on  or 
near  La II loe lie  river,  .'18  m.  NW.  from  Mont, 
peher.     Pop.  I,(;i3. 

CAMDKN,  t.  of  <iloucestcr  co.  N,  J.  op|K)- 
Nile  Philadelphia.  It  is  a  floiiriMliing  villui;!', 
exfciiiliiig  akirig  tlu!  iver.  The  hoiiseH  uru 
neat,  and  many  elegant.     Pop.  aliout  (>.')l). 

CAMDEN,  t.  of  Kent  co.  Delaware,  3  in. 
SW.  from  Dover 

C;  AM  DEN,  eo.  of  N.  C.  Iwunded  by  All*, 
marlo  Sound  SE.  Pa^ipiotank  county  and  rivrr 
SW.  Virguiia  N.  and  Currituck  and  North 
river  NE.  Length  38  m.  mean  width  6;  area 
22H  sq.  ms.  Chief  town.  New  Lebanon.  Pop. 
1820,  (i,721. 

CAMDEN,  /?«»/,  t.  in  tlie  Midland  district, 
lies  northerly  of  Ernesltown,  IJ.  (.'„ 

CAMDEN,  t.  in  the  co.  of  Kent,  called  nlM 
('ainden  West,  on  tlio  N.  side  of  the  river 
Thames,  opposite  to  Howard,  N.  C. 

CA.MDEN,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me.  on  Penobsmt 
Hay,  about  12  in.  E.  from  Thomaston,  and  .'17 
E.  from  Wiscasset.  Pop.  2,200.  It  is  a  small 
but  growing  village,  and  carricH  on  tho  buni- 
ness  of  burning  lime. 

CAMDEN,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  NW. 
Rome.  It  is  settled  chiefly  by  emigrants  from 
Unn.     Pop.  1,945. 

(;A-MDEN,  t.  and  cap.  Kershaw  co.  S.C.on 
tho  E.  side  of  tho  Wateree,  at  tho  junction  of 
Pine-tree  creek,  .35  in.Nl].  (Columbia,  120  N.  by 
\V. Charleston,  10!>  NE.  Augusta.  Lat. 3-4°  17' 
N.  Ion.  80°  54'  W.  It  is  regularly  laid  out, 
und  contains  200  houses,  a  court-house  umi 
jail,  an  academy  now  Injlonging  to  the  ( )rpliiHi 
Society,  a  masonic  hall,  a  brick  murket-liousc 
and  library,  an  arsenal,  3  flouring  mills  and 
other  mills,  4  religious  societies,  viz.  an  Epis- 
copalian, a  Presby te  ian,  a  Baptist  and  ft  Mt^tli- 
odist.  The  river  is  navig  iblc  for  boats  of  71) 
tons,  and  tliere  is  a  lively  trade  with  the  back 
country.  It  is  memorable  for  two  battles 
fought  here  during  tho  revolutionary  war ;  nnr 
the  Ifith  Aug.  1780,  between  Gen.  (iates  and 
Lord  Cornwallis ;  tlie  other,  the  23d  April,  be- 
tween Gen.  Greene  and  Lord  Ruwdoii. 

CAiMDEN,  c6.  of  Geo.  forming  the  SE.  an- 
gle of  that  state,  on  tlie  Atlantic  ocean ;  bound- 
ed by  that  ocean  E.  by  Florida  S.  and  SW.  on 
tho  W.  limits  uncertain ;  and  by  Glynn  N. 
Lengtli  28  m.,  mean  width  25 ;  area  700  ki|. 
ms.  Surtiice  flat,  soil  sandy,  and  in  some  parts 
marshy.  Staples,  sugar,  cotton,  rice,  tobacco, 
&.C.     Chief  town,  Jefferson.     Pop.  4,578. 

CAMDICN,  port,  NW.  coast  of  America,  in 
Prince  Frederick  Sound.  Lon.  56°  45'  from 
W.  lat.  Sfif)  55'  N. 

CAMEL'S  RUMP,  a  summit  of  the  Green 
Mountains  in  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  I'he  summit 
is  on  the  E.  line  of  Hmitingtou ;  20  ni.  E.  by 


CAM— (AN 


517 


.  Y.  20  m.  NW. 


A  from  Burlinifton,  2l»  W.  by  N.  frwn  Mont- 1  (  AMIV )  III:F,I,(  >,  |»r..vinc.'  of  Nrw  HriitiN. 
jn-lur.  It  in  oiii-  of  till-  liii'lifKl  HuinmiU  of  tlif  wirk,  n  I!  rlilr  iHliiiiil  iit  flin  iniHitliof  I'lisHinnii. 
(irRi'ii  MniiiitiiiiiM,  Hhd  itH  ht:i}r|it  In  I'lttiiiiattil  (|iio(l(ly  Itny,  H('|iiiiiil>'(l  oti  tlic  S\\ .  Iiy  n  mir. 
ul  M.UlO  ti(  I.  row   iKiXKiii;!'   I'l  tin   l.iilirr.     It    In  nUiul  I'm. 

('.\.VIi;U()N,  t.  StculM-n  CO.  N.  Y.  I'o|).  Ion;,' iiml  fnim  1  to  ;i  liroid,  ciiiifaiii."  iiiniiv  I'X. 
\)'2i.  t'rilriit  liiirlMirH,  iinil  Iiiim  iii;iiiy  iKlviiiiliiycM  liir 

CAMlfdiL'S,  t.  ()iutiiiliii:ii  CO.  N.  York,  otii I'oiiiiin'rrc  mid  the  tisliiricM.  'I'lic  huMk  nru 
S.Hidf  ()t'S«'n»«ii  riviT  ;  Hi  iii.  NW.  from  ( (iion.  now  in  the  li.uidn  of  ii  hiii'^dr  |ir"|(ii(  tor,  \>\\\  if 
(Intra,  Kill  VV.  from  Alhiiny,  iind  100  t'rom  W.lortirid  li)r  nulr,  tew  |»1;,(jl'h  would  Hcltio  iiioro 
l'o|i.  ^'.'iM.      \ri  f'Xtensivu  iiiiiic  of  gypnum  in  rapidly. 


tuiind  ill  llii     town. 

lAAII'\.(iN  ('in:i:K,  r.  OIlio,  which 
tloWH  into  thi!  OIlio,  H  III.  iibovc  (•iilli|M)lts. 

CAMIMUIM.,  <o.  Vu.;  Ix.iind.d  .\.  by  .liiiii.  s 
river  iiiid  ltiicluii);hiim  co.  K.  hy  CliiirlottA  co. 
S,  by  llio  A|i[ioniiitox,  and  W.  hy  H<'dt<>rd  co. ; 
X'lH  111.  from  VV.  ro|i.  1,';,704.  Chief  towiin, 
Lyiiclilmrtr  urid  New  liondon. 

C'AMI'UKIJ,,  II  CO.  of  (Jeorfriii.  Top.  3,323. 
(!aiii|ilH'Iltnii  in  the  cupital. 

CAMI'HKLf.,  C.  II.  mid  t  Campbell  co. 
Vo.  10  III.  S.  from  I.ynchburir. 

CAMI'BELIi,  CO.  Ken.  on  both  nideH  of 
Licking  river,  o|i|)osile  to  the  city  of  (.'iiiniii- 
nati;  bounded  by  the  Ohio  river  N.  and  Nl!. 
by  Pendleton  .S.  and  by  Itoune  W.  Iieii}rtli 
32  in.,  mean  width  10;  area  3:2()  sq.  ms.  Sur- 
I'acc  hilly,  Hoil  productive.  Staples,  jrriiin 
Hour,  whiskey,  live  stock,  salted  provisions, 
and  fruit.  Chief  town,  Newiwrt.  Pop.  U,8D3. 
Lat.  3:1°  N.  Ion.  7=  10'  W. 

CAMPBELL,  CO.  Ten.  in  atrian(Tular  form, 
bounded  by  Kentucky  N.  by  Clinch  river  SK. 
and  by  Anderson  SW.  Len<rth  il.'i  m.  mean 
width  12 ;  area  420.  Surface  hilly,  and  in 
part  raoimtainous :  soil  fertile  in  the  valleys 
and  along  the  streams.  Staples,  grain,  tlour, 
fruit,  and  salted  provisions.  Cliicf  town,  Jack- 
son's-borough.     Pop.  .'5,110. 

CAMPBELL'S  FORT,  in  Tennessee,  near 
the  conflux  of  the  Holstqn  with  the  Tennessee. 

CAMBELL'S  GROVE,  v.  Iredell  co.  N.C. 

CAMPBELL'S  MILLS,  t.  AbbeviUe  dis- 
Uict,  S.  C. 

CAMPBELL'S  POINT,  cape  of  the  NW. 
coast  of  N.  America,  at  Cook's  Inlet,  SE.  side. 
Lon.  72°  15'  W.  from  W.  lat.  60°  6'  N. 

CAMPBELL'S  STATION,  t  Knox  co. 
Ten. 

CAMBPELLSTOVVN,v.  Steuben  co.N.  Y 
postroad  254  m,  SW.  by  W.  from  Albany. 

CAMPBELLSTOWN,  v.  Lebanon  co.  Pa 
on  the  road  from  Lebanon  to  Harrisburg,  18 
m.  from  the  latter. 

CAMPBELLSVILLE,  v.  Henry  co.  Ken. 
54  m.  NW.  from  Frankfort. 

CAMPBELLSVILLE,  v.  Green  co.  Ken. ; 
654  m.  from  W. 

CAMPBELLTOWN,  v.  in  Painted  Post, 
N.  Y.  on  the  Susquehannah ;  288  m.  from  W. 

CAMPBELLTOWN,  v.  Edgefield  district, 
S.  C. ;  568  m.  from  W. 

CAMPEACHY,  t.  Mexico,  in  Merida  or 
Yucatan,  on  the  river  St.  Francis,  in  the  Bay 
of  Campeachy.  The  port  is  large,  but  shallow. 
It  was  formerly  a  stated  market  for  logwood, 
of  which  great  quantities  grew  in  the  neigh- 
borhood. Lon.  90°  34'  W.  lat.  19°  30'  N.  Pop. 
6,000. 

5C 


CAMITOX,  t.  (Jrillon  co.  N.  If.  on  llm 

Mrrriiiiack  ;    (>    in.    \.    lioin    I'lvinonth,    7t) 
NNW.  from  I'ort.-moiilli,  ,Jls  iVom  W.     Pop. 

i,3i:». 

CAMPVILLE,  V.  Spartaiiliurg  district,  S. 
('iiroliiiM. 

C  AMI'S' I  PAW,  V.  Bcrgin  co.  N.  J.;  SW. 
of  Jersi  y  City. 

CANAAN,  Essex  co.  Vl.  in  \E.  corinr  of 
the  state,  on  the  Coiiiiccliciit ;  )^,"i  in.  IS  E.  from 
.Moiitp<  licr,  (iOti  troiii  \V.      Pop.  'AYX 

C;ANAAN,  t.  Somerset  eo.  .Maine,  <iii  the  E. 
side  ot' till!   Keiinelx c,  opjiosite  Hlooiiifield  ;  5 
III.  E.  troiii  Norrid^'cwoeli,  !J0.'(  NNE.   Boston, 
(il()   from   W.      Po|i.   1,(I7().     It  is  eoniieeted 
with  l!l<K)iiiti(ld  by  Skoiihegan  bridge,  which 
is  erected  over  liills  of  that  naiiie. 
CANAAN,  t.  Athens  eo.  ()|ii...     Pop.  315. 
CANAAN,  t.  Waviu!  co.  Olii...     Pop.  l.W. 
CANAAN,  t.fira'llon  co.N   \].;  12  m.  E. 
from  Dartmouth  College,  lO.'!  N XV.  PortsmouUi, 
513  from  W.     Pop.  |,1:.>H. 

CANAAN,  t.  I.itehtield  o,  Con.;  18  m. 
NNW.  from  Litelifield,  .'i'.^i  from  W.  Pop. 
2,301.  It  is  on  llie  E.  side  of  the  Iloiisalotiic, 
which  separates  it  from  .Salisliury.  'I'he  river 
has  a  fall  here  of  GO  iLet  perpendicular,  which 
atfords  seats  for  various  mills  and  manufucto- 
rics. 

CANAAN,  South,  v.  Ct.  in  S.  part  of  Ca. 
naan  ;  345  from  W. 

CANAAN,  AV(/-,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct;  6  m. 
NW.  Norwalk.     Pop.  l,K2t). 

CANAAN,  t.  Colmiibia  co.  N.  Y. ;  23  m. 
NE.  from  Hudson,  25  SE.  from  Albany,  35G 
from  W.      Pop.  2,0(i  1.     'Phere  are  two  meet- 
ing-houses   for  Presbyterians,  1   for   Baptists, 
and  1  for  Shakers  in  this  town. 
CANAAN,  t.  Wayne  co.  Pa. 
CANACAUEA  LAKE,  in  Iloneoy,  N.  Y. 
between  Honcoy  and  Hemlock  Lakes;  4  m. 
long,  and  ,f  m.  broad. 
CANADA,  a  British  province.    See  p.  IGl. 
CANADA  CREEK,  WrsI,  r.  N.  Y.  which 
runs  south  into  the  Mohawk,  in  Herkimer. 
Length  60  ni. 

CANADA  CREEK,  East,  r.  N.  Y.  which 
runs  S.  into  Mohawk,  W.  into  Stone  Arabia. 
Length  30  m. 

CANADA  CREEK,  r.  small  N.  branch  of 
Wood  creek  N.  Y. 

CANADAWAY,  creek,  N.  York,  in  Cha- 
tauque  co.  enters  Lake  Erie  about  2i  W.  from 
Dunkirk. 

CANADAWAY,  v.  in  Pomfret,  N.  Y.  on  a 
small  river  of  the  same  name  which  runs  12 
m.  NW.  into  Lake  Erie. 

CANADEA,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  Fop. 
in  1620,  696. 


':tt}j^'M>.f 


218 


CAN— CAN 


•till 


1 '  ii'^riPi 

'':H;I: 

fl«. 


CANADIAN  RIVER,  the  preut  soufh- 
western  brancli  of  Arkansaw  river,  risis  by 
two  large  branches  in  t}ic  mountains  ol'  New 
Mexico,  and  flowinrr  by  coinpanitivc  cniirscs 
al)out  600  n).  each,  unite  at  N.  hit.  '.i't  ,  and 
18°  W.  from  VV.  Below  the  confluence  of  thf 
two  principal  branches,  the  C'iinadian  Fork 
continues  E.  40  m.  where  it  unites  with  tiic 
Arkansaw,  rcceivinpf  in  the  intermediate  dis- 
tance another  large  branch  from  the  S\V.  For 
the  true  position,  course,  and  relative  extent  of 
the  Canadian  Fork,  the  public  stands  indebted 
to  Major  Long. 

CANAJOHARIE,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y. 
on  S.  side  of  the  Mohawk ;  49  m.  VV.  from 
Albany,  418  from  W.  Pop.  4,348.  There  are 
3  churches  for  the  Dutch  Reformed,  and  1  tor 
the  Baptists  in  this  town. 

CANAJOHARIE  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which 
runs  NE,  into  the  Mohawk,  at  Canajoharie. 

CANAL,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y. 

CANANDAIGUA,  or  Canandarqva,  t.  and 
cap.  Ontario  co.  N- Y. ;  N.  of  Canandaigua  Lake ; 
88  ni.  E.  from  Buffalo,  110  W.  from  Utica,208 
W.  from  Albany,  365  from  W.  Lon.  77°  20' 
W.  lat.  42°  49'  N.  Pop.  5,162.  The  village 
is  situated  at  the  outlet  of  Canandaigua  Lake, 
and  contains  a  eourt-housc,  a  jail,  2  banks,  one 
of  which  is  a  branch  of  the  Utica  bank,  a  state 
arsenal,  a  respectable  academy,  and  3  houses 
of  public  worship,  1  for  Presbyterians,  1  for 
Episcopalians,  and  1  for  Methodists.  It  is  a 
pleasant,  handsome,  and  flourishing  town,  and 
has  an  extensive  and  increasing  trade.  The 
surrounding  country  is  fertile.  Two  newspa- 
pers are  publish'^d  here. 

CANANDAIGUA,  lake,  N.  Y.  in  Ontario 
CO.  15  m.  in  length,  and  1  in  mean  width.  It 
receives  a  number  of  creeks,  and  discharges 
its  waters  at  the  village  of  Canandaigua,  into 
on  outlet  which  flwws  NE.  20  m.  joining  Mud 
creek  at  Lyons,  The  level  of  Canandaigua 
Lake  is  about  670  feet  above  that  of  the  At- 
lantic ocean,  1 05  above  tliat  of  Lake  Erie,  and 
299  above  ti..  ^  't  western  canal  at  Monte- 
zuma. 

CANANDAIGUA,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  in- 
cluding the  village  of  the  same  name.  Pop. 
in  1820,  4,680. 

CANANDAIGUA,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs 
from  Canandaigua  lake,  NE.  into  the  r.  Sen- 
eca, in  Junius.     Length  45  m. 

CANARD,  small  r.  of  U.  C.  falls  into  De- 
troit r.  between  Amherstsburg  and  Sandwich. 

CANARD,  Isle  au,  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  river  des  Prairies. 

CANARDS,  or  Duck  river,  U.  C.  falls  into 
the  Detroit  1  m.  below  Grand  Turkey  island. 

CANASARAGA,  t  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  425 
m.  from  W. 

CANASERAGA  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which 
unites  witli  the  Chitteningo,  4  m.  from  Oneida 
lake. 

CANAVARNAL,  bay  of  the  U.  S.  on  the 
Pacific  coast.    Lon.  47°  W.;  lat.  45°  N. 

CANDIA,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  19  m. 
SE.  from  Concord,  36  W.  from  Portsmouth, 
and  513  from  W.    Pop.  1,362. 


CANDOR,  t.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  E. 

from  Spencer,  and  328  from  W.     Pop.  2,653, 

CANDKONS,  {.Arkansas  eo«  Miso.  lerri- 
tory;  l,3.'iU  m.  from  W. 

CANDY'S  C  REEK,  t.  Cherokee  nation,  in 
the  N\V.  part  of  Georgia. 

CANEADEA,  t.  Alleehany  co.  10  m.  SW, 
from  Angelica,  and  285  W.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  7(^2. 

CANESUS  LAKE,  in  SW.  part  of  Ontario 
CO.  N.  Y.  8  m.  long  and  2  broad.  It  lies  chiefly 
between  Genesee  and  Livonia,  and  discharges 
its  waters  into  the  river  Genesee. 

CANFIELD,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio;  10  m. 
W.'  from  Poland;  14  S.  by  E.  from  Warren, 
50  N.  from  Steubenville,  and  291  from  W. 

CAN  ION  IS,  t  lia.  on  the  Arkansaw. 

CANISTEO,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Canisteo;  20  m.  SW.  from  Rath,  265  WNW. 
from  Albany,  and  318  from  W.     Pop.  620. 

CANISTEO,  r.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  which 
runs  into  the  Tioga,  near  the  village  of  Paint- 
ed Post.  It  is  navigable  for  boats  to  Arkport, 
40  m. 

CANISTOTA.v.  in  Lenox,  Madison  co.  N, 
Y.  on  the  Great  Western  Canal,  27  m.  W. 
from  Utica. 

CANISTER,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. 

CANNAIJGHQUENESING,  t.  Butler  co, 
Pa.  It  is  watered  by  a  rivulet  of  the  same 
name. 

CANNAVERAL,  cape  of  Florida,  N.  lat. 
28°  22'.  It  was  off  this  cape,  April  29tli, 
1814,  that  the  British  brig  Epervier,  of  22 
guns,  and  128  men,  was  captured  by  the  U.S. 
sloop  Peacock,  captain  Warrington,  after  an 
action  of  42  minutes. 

CANNONBALL,  r.  Louisiana,  which  flows 
into  the  Missouri,  1,500  miles  from  the  Mis- 
sissippi. 

CANNONSBURQ,  t.  Washington  co;  Pa. 
on  a  branch  of  Cliartier  r.  7  m.  ENE.  from 
Washington,  18  SW.  from  Pittsburg,  and  244 
from  W.  It  has  an  elevated  and  pleasant 
situation.  Jefferson  College  was  founded  here 
in  1802.  The  college  edifice  is  a  spacious 
building  of  3  stories.  The  funds  are  small, 
not  exceeding  8,000  dollars.  The  library  con- 
tains 2,500  volumes.  The  philosophical  appa- 
ratus is  not  extensive.  The  board  of  trustees 
consists  of  21  members,  of  whom  8  may  'le 
clergymen.  The  executive  government  is  in- 
trusted to  a  president,  a  vice-president,  and  2 
professors,  one  of  the  languages,  and  one  of 
the  natural  sciences.  The  present  number  of 
students  is  120 — the  number  of  instructors,  7. 
The  college  classes  are  three,  viz.  the  Sopho- 
more, Mathematical,  and  the  Philosophical 
classes.  The  studies  of  which  a  knowledge 
is  required  in  order  to  be  admitted  into  the 
sophomore  class,  are  Cossar's  Commentaries, 
Ovid,  Virgil,  and  the  Greek  Testament.  The 
studies  of  tlie  sophomore  class  are  Horace, 
Cicero's  Orations,  Groeca  Minora  and  Majora, 
Greek  and  Roman  Antiquities,  Geography, 
&c.  The  studies  of  the  mathematical  class 
are  the  Elements  of  Geometry,  Algebra, 
Practical  Geometry,  Chemistry,  Natural  Phi- 


CAN— CAP 


219 


..  N.  Y.  10  m.  E, 
m  W.  Pop.  2,653. 
!a8  CO*  Miso.  terri- 

Dhcrokec  nation,  in 


f  whom  8  may  'ie 


V)8ophy,  Rhetoric  and  History.  The  studies 
of  the  philosophical  class  consist  of  Logic, 
Moral  Philosophy,  Philosophy  of  Rhetoric, 
Metaphysics,  together  with  a  review  of  the 
studies  oi'  the  preceding  classes.  For  tuition 
each  student  pays  20  dollars  a  year;  and  for 
board  from  $1..')0  to  2.01)  a  week.  The  com- 
mencement is  held  on  the  fourth  Wednesday 
in  September.  There  are  2  vacations  of  3  or 
4  weeks  eneh,  one  in  the  spring,  and  the  other 
in  the  autumn.  The  western  country  has 
been  supplied  with  more  than  100  clergymen, 
who  have  received  their  i  diication,  in  whole 
or  in  part,  at  this  college.  Tliere  is  a  theologi- 
cal school  connected  with  the  college,  under 
the  direction  of  the  vice-president. 

CANNONSBURG,  township,  Washington 
CO.  Pa. 

GANNONSVILLE,  v.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y. 
141  m.  SW.  from  Albany. 

CANNOUCHE,  r.  Geo.  rises  about  30  m. 
S.  from  Louisville,  and  joins  tlie  Ogeechee, 
about  20  m.  above  its  mouth. 

CANOE,  r.  Mass.  which  unites  with  the  r. 
Taunton,  at  Taunton. 

CANOE  CAMP,  t.  Tioga  co.  Pa.  240  m. 
from  W. 

CANOE  RIVER,  r.  N.  A.  which  runs  into 
the  Mississippi,  Ion.  92°  3' W. ;  lat.  42=  55'  N, 

CANOGA  CREEK,  r,  N.  Y.  which  joins 
the  Seneca,  in  Fayette. 

CANONIOUT,  isl.  belonging  to  Newport 
CO.  R.  L  It  contains  the  town  of  Jamestown 
—is  7  miles  long,  and  1  broad ;  3  m.  W.  from 
Rhode  Island.  On  S.  end,  called  Beaver's 
Tail,  there  is  a  liglit-house.  It  is  a  beautiful 
island,  and  has  a  fertile  soil,  producing  good 
crops  of  grass  and  grain. 

CANSO,  seaport  of  Nova  Scotia,  on  a  strait 
which  separates  Nova  Scotia  from  Cape  Bre- 
ton. Near  this  town  is  a  fine  fishery  for  cod. 
Ion.  553  W.;  lat.  4.53  20' N. 

CANTERBURY,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.  H. 
on  E.  side  of  the  Merrimack,  opposite  Bosca- 
wen;  9  m.  N.  from  Concord,  and  513  from 
W.  Pop.  1,663.  Here  is  a  village  of  Sliakers, 
containing  2  or  300  souls. 

CANTERBURY,  t.  Windham  co.  Ct.  on 
W.  side  of  the  Quinebaugh ;  10  m.  E.  from 
Windiiam;  14  N.  from  Norwich,  and  371 
from  W.  Pop.  1,881.  It  is  a  pleasant  town, 
and  contains  3  Congregational  meeting-houses, 
and  1  for  Baptists,  and  an  academy, 

CANTERBURY,  t.  Kent  co.  Del.  126  m. 
from  W. 

CANTERBURY,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Hudson  r. 

CAVTON,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  14  m.  SW. 
from  Boston,  and  448  from  W.    Pop.  l/Al. 

CANTON,  or  West  Shnslniry,  t  Hartford 
<».  Ct.  15  m.  WNW.  from  Hartford,  and  351 
from  W. 

^  CANTON,  t  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  15  m. 
E.  from  Ogdensburg,  200  NW.  from  Albany, 
and  570  from  W,     Pop.  2,440. 

CANTON,  t  Luzerne  co.  Pa. 

CANTON,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa. 

CANTON,  t.  and  cap.  Stark  co.  Ohio,  situ- 
ated ill  the  forks  of  the  Nimislullen  creek ;  45 


m.  NW.  from  SteubenvUle,  95  WNW.  fkira 
Pittsburg,  130  NE.  from  Columbus,  and  472 
from  W.  It  is  a  flourishing  town,  and  con- 
tains  a  bank,  a  printing-office,  2  houses  of 
public  worship,  1  for  Lutherans,  and  1  for 
Presbyterians,  and  70  dwelling-houses.  Tho 
first  house  was  erected  in  1805. 

CANTON,  land  district  of  Ohio,  includes 
part  of  Stark,  and  all  of  Wayne  and  Richland 
COS.  and  is  composed  of  21  ranges  of  town- 
ships, comprehended  between  the  Grenville 
treaty  line  on  the  S.  and  the  Connecticut 
Western  reserve  on  the  N.  excepting  the  seven 
easternmost  ranges  which  belong  to  the  Stcu- 
bcnville  district.  The  land-ofilice  for  this  dis- 
trict is  at  Worcester,  in  Wayne  co. 
CANTON,  L  Bradford  co.  Pa. 
CANTON,  t.  Wilcox  co.  Ala.  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Ala.  r.  about  40  m.  by  water  be- 
low Cahaba. 

CANTON,  V,  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  on  tlie 
Ohio,  opposite  Wheeling,  Va. 

CANTON,  (New,)  t  Hawkins  co.  Ten.  749 
m.  from  W. 

CANTON,  (New,)  t  Buckingham  co.  Va. 
on  S.  side  of  James  r.  about  60  ra.  SW.  from 
Richmond,  and  166  from  W. 

CANTON,  t  Oxford  co.  Me.  67  m.  NNW. 
from  Portland. 

CANTON,  township,  Hartford  co.  Ct  Pop. 
1,437. 

CANTWELL'S  BRIDGE,  or  Apo^ini- 
mink,  V.  New  Castle  co.  Del.  on  Apoquinimink 
creek;  21  m.  SSW.  from  Wilmington,  49 
SW.  from  PhHadelphia.  It  contains  about  30 
or  40  houses. 

CANY  CREEK,  r.  Ala.  which  flows  into 
the  Ten.  20  m.  below  the  Muscle  Shoals. 

CANY  FORK,  r.  Ten.  which  runs  into 
the  C'umberland,  50  m.  E.  from  Nashville. 

CAPATINA,  creek,  and  t.  Belmont  co. 
Ohio,  12  m.  below  Wheeling. 

CAPE,  t  Cumberland  co.  Me.  Pop.  in 
1820,  52. 

CAPE  ANN,  on  the  coast  of  Mass.  Lon. 
70037'W.;  lat423  35'N. 

CAPE  BRETON,  an  island  forming  part 
of  the  British  dortiinions  in  America,  lying 
between  the  N.  end  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  the 
SW.  point  of  Newfoundland.  It  extends,  in  a 
N.  by  E.  direction,  from  the  lat.  of  45°  30'  to 
47'  6'  N.  and  from'thc  lon.  of  59°  45'  to  6P 
3.5'  W.  forming  a  barrier  between  tJie  Atlantic 
ocean  and  the  gulf,  wJiich  it  completely  land- 
locks,  and  forms  into  a  vast  inland  sea;  the 
passage  between  the  NR  end  and  Newfound- 
land being  about  65  m.  wide,  intercepted, 
however,  by  tlic  island  of  St.  Paul,  and  just 
within  the  gulf  by  the  Magdalen  group  of 
isles.  Cape  Breton  is  indented  from  N.  to  S. 
by  spacious  b-ys,  dividing  it  into  two  islands, 
joined  togetlicr  by  a  very  narrow  isthmus, 
i'he  coast  on  all  sides  is  also  much  indented 
by  bays,  making  the  figure  of  the  land  very 
irregular.  Its  area,  however,  amonnts  to  about 
40,000  pq.  ms.  The  French  first  formed  a  set- 
tlement upon  this  island,  in  1712,  which  sur- 
rondered  to  a  British  force  from  New  England, 
ill  1745,  aiid  was  coufirmed,  with  all  the  other 


220 


CAP—CAP 


French  possessions  in  North  America,  to  Eni^- 
land,  by  tlic  treaty  of  17()3.  Its  most  distin- 
guisliinfj  property  is  its  rich  strata  of  coal  of 
superior  quality;  with  some  dreary  surtace 
it  also  presont?  some  very  fertile  spots,  well 
wooded,  and  coutaininp  a  variety  of  wild  ani- 
mals,  the  skins  of  whicli  Ibrin  a  brancii  of 
its  traffic.  I.oiiisliourp,  the  chief  town,  is 
situated  on  tlic  Atlanlic  coast,  in  the  lat.  of 
45^  51'  N. ;  Ion.  ,V.P  55'  W.  The  cliief  oceu- 
pation  of  the  people,  not  only  of  Louisbourp, 
but  of  tlie  whole  island,  in  addition  to  agricul- 
ture, is  the  cod  fislicry,  which  they  pursue  to 
some  extent  for  the  West  India  and  other 
markets.  Total  population  of  the  island,  about 
4,000.  It  was  constituted  a  separate  govern- 
ment in  17S4,  under  a  licutenant-governor,  ap- 
pointed by  the  king ;  but  by  a  stretch  of  au- 
thority on  the  part  of  the  legislative  assembly 
and  council  of  Nova  Scotia,  it  has  reverted  as 
a  province  to  that  government,  to  wliich  it  was 
originnllv  attached. 

CAPE  CHARLES,  cape  of  Virginia,  at  E. 
side  of  the  mouth  of  the  Chesapeake ;  12  m. 
N.  from  Cape  Henry.  Lon.  75=  58'  W.;  lat. 
37°  12'  N. 

CAPE  COD,  peninsula,  on  the  S.  side  of 
Massachusetts  bay.  Its  shape  is  that  of  a 
man's  arm  bent  inwardrf,  both  at  the  wrist  and 
tlie  elbow.  It  is  about  65  m.  long,  and  from  1 
to  20  wide.  A  great  part  of  this  peninsula  is 
sandy  and  barren,  and  in  many  places  wholly 
destitute  of  vegetation;  yet  it  is  populous. 
The  inhabitants  obtain  their  support  almost 
entirely  from  the  ocean ;  the  men  being  con 


rardoau,  and  extends  GO  m.  being  from  .1  to  5 
broad,  to  the  low-lands  of  the  St.  Francis. 

CAPE  GIRARDEAU,  t.  Cape  Girardeau 
CO.  Missouri  territory,  on  the  Mississippi ;  20 
m.  above  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  72  below  St. 
Genevieve,  and  927  from  W.  Lat.  37°  15'  N 
Pop.  100. 

CAPE  HARBOR,  N.  A.  on  the  coast  of 
Me.  at  N.  extremity  of  Wells'  bay.  Lon.  "O^ 
24' W.;  lat.  43°  18' N. 

CAPE  HATTER  AS,  on  the  coast  of  North 
Carolina.  Lon.  75°  30'  W. ;  lat.  35°  14'  N. 
Tills  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  and  dan- 
gerous capes  on  the  coast  of  N.  America. 

CAPE  HENLOPEN,  or  James,  cape,  on 
the  coast  of  Delaware,  at  the  mouth  of  Deia. 
ware  bay,  18  m.  SW.  from  Cape  May.  Lon. 
75°  6'  W. ;  lat.  36°  47'  N.  Here  is  a  light- 
house. 

CAPE  HENRY,  on  E.  coast  of  Virginia,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Chesapeake,  12  m.  S.  from 
Cape  Charles.   Lon.  76°  21'  W. ;  lat.  36°  58'  N. 

CAPE  HENRY,  formerly  Cape  Fran^ois,l 
on  the  N.  coast  of  tlie  island  Hispaniola,  on  a 
promontory  at  the  edge  of  a  large  plain  60  m. 
long  and  12  broad.  Its  harbor  is  one  of  the 
most  secure  and  convenient  in  the  whole  island. 
It  was  the  last  town  retained  by  the  French  in 
Hispaniola,  and  was  surrendered  to  the  blacks 
in  1803.  It  then  contained  900  houses  and 
20,000  inhabitants.  30  leagues  E.  from  Cape 
St.  Nicholas.   Lon.  72°  16'  W. ;  lat.  19=  46'  X, 

CAPE  HOPE,  the  NW.  point  of  Martha's 
Vineyard,  Mass.  on  which  is  a  light-house. 

CAPE  LODO,  or  Mad  Cape,  on  S.  coast  of 


stantly  employed  at  sea;  and  the  boys,  at  a  Louisiana,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi 
very  early  age,  are  put  on  board  the  fishing    Lon.  71°  42'  W. ;  lat.  29°  10'  N. 
boats.     In   consequence   of  the   violent   east 


winds,  it  is  supposed  that  the  cape  is  gradually 
wearing  away.  Lon.  of  the  cape,  70°  14'  W. ; 
lat.  42°  4'  N. 

CAPE  COD  BAY,  between  Cape  Cod  pten- 
insula,  and  Barnstable  and  Plymouth  cos. 
Mass. 

CAPE  DISAPPOINTMENT,  on  W.  coast 
of  N.  America,  and  N.  entrance  into  Columbia 
river.    Lon.  124°  59'  W. ;  lat.  46°  19'  N. 

CAPE  ELIZABETH,  t.  Cumberland  co. 
Me.  4  m.  SW.  from  Portland,  and  116  NNE. 
from  Boston. 

CAPE  ELIZABETH,  N.  A.  on  the  coast 
of  Me.    Lon.  70°  11'  W. ;  "lat.  43°  33  N. 

CAPE  FEAR,  on  the  coast  of  N.  C.  Lon. 
78°  9'  W. ;  lat.  33°  48'  N. 

CAPE  FEAR,  or  Clarendon^  r.  N,  C.  the 
largest  in  the  state.  It  is  formed  by  the  con- 
fluence of  the  NE.  and  NW.  branches,  which 
unite  above  Wilmington,  35  m.  from  the 
ocenn.  The  NW,  branch  rises  in  the  N.  part 
of  the  state,  and  is  navigable  for  large  boats 
to  Fayetteville.  The  NE.  branch  rises  in 
Sampson  co.  and  is  navigable  for  boats  70  m. 

CAPE  GIRARDEAU,  co.  Missouri,  on  the 
Mississippi,  bounded  N.  by  St.  Genevieve  and 
Washington  cos.  and  W.  by  the  county  of  St. 
liOuis.  Pop.  7,430.  Jackson  is  the  seat  of 
justice.  The  lands  on  the  Mississippi  and  the 
St.  Francis  are  fertile.    The  Great  Swamp  I 


CAPE  LOOKOUT,  on  the  coast  of  N.  Car- 
olina.  Lon.  76°  37'  W. ;  lat.  34°  22'  N.  So 
late  as  the  year  1771,  this  cape  afforded  an  ex- 
cellent  harbor,  capacious  enough  for  a  large 
fleet  in  good  deep  water ;  but  the  basin  is  now 
filled  up. 

CAPE  MAY,  CO.  N.  J.  bounded  N.  by  Glou. 
cester  co.  SE.  by  the  Atlantic,  SW.  by  Dela- 
ware bay.    Pop.  4,945. 

CAPE  MAY,  on  the  coast  of  N.  J.  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Delaware,  18  m.  NE.  from  Cajm 
Henloiwn.  Lon.  74°  52'  W. ;  lat.  38°  57'  N. 
CAPE  MAY  COURT-HOUSE,  v.  and  seat 
of  justice  in  Cape  May  co.  N.  J.  o  few  m.  N. 
from  Cape  May,  34  SE.  from  Bridgetown,  and 
74  from  Philadelphia,  in  the  lat  of  39°  N.  and 
75°  W. 

CAPE  NEDDICK,  cape  and  t  York  co. 
Me.  53  m.  SW.  from  Portland. 

CAPE  PEM  AQUID,  on  the  coast  of  Maine. 
Lon.  69°  27'  W. ;  lat.  43°  48'  N. 

CAPE  PORPOISE,  on  the  coast  of  Maine, 
Lon,  70°  23'  W. ;  lat.  49°  21'  N. 
CAPE  ROSIERS,  Me.  in  Penobscot  bav. 
CAPE  ST.  MICHAEL,  Seigniory  of  L.C. 
in  Surrey  co,  nearly  opposite  Quebec, 

CAPE  SMALL  POINT,  on  the  coast  of 
Maine,  forming  the  E,  limits  of  Casco  bay, 

C;APE  VINCENT,  v.  Jefferson  co,  N,  Y. 
498  m.  Irom  W. 
CAPHON  SPRINGS,  medicinal  springs,  in 


commences  5  m.  S.  of  the  town  of  Cape  Gi-lVa.  22  m.  WSW,  from  Winchester,    The  war 


CAP— CAR 


221 


yc'xng  ftom  3  to  5 
!  St.  Francis. 
Cape  Girnrdcmi 
c  Mississippi;  20 
>hio,  72  below  St. 
Lat.  37°  15'  N. 

on  the  coast  nf 
Is'  bay.   Lon.  70' 

the  coast  of  North 
. ;  lat.  35°  14'  N. 
narltablc  and  dan- 
'  N.  America. 
•  James,  cape,  on 
le  mouth  of  Dcla- 
Cape  May.    Lon, 
Here  is  a  light- 
oast  of  Virginia,  at 
ke,  12  m.  S.  from 
W.;lat.36°58'N. 
ly  Cape  Franqois^l 
id  Hispaniola,  on  a 
a  large  plain  60  m. 
irbor  is  one  of  the 
in  tiie  whole  island, 
;d  by  the  French  in 
idered  to  the  blacks 
;d  900  houses  and 
igues  E.  from  Cape 
W. ;  lat.  19=46' N. 
'.  point  of  Martha's 
I  is  a  light-house. 
'ape,  on  S.  coast  of 
the  Mississippi, 
10' N. 

he  coast  of  N.  Car- 
at.  34=22' N.  So 
ape  afforded  an  ex. 
nough  for  a  large 
ut  the  basin  is  now 

ounded  N.  by  Glou- 
itic,  SW.  by  Dela- 

last  of  N.  J.  at  the 
m.  NE.  from  Cape 
lat.  38°  57'  N. 
LOUSE,  V.  and  seat 
N.  J.  a  few  m.  N. 
m  Bridgetown,  and 
e  lat  of  39°  N.  and 


»e 


and  t  York  co. 
.nd. 
the  coast  of  Maine. 

48' N. 

he  coast  of  Maine. 
11'  N. 

n  Penobscot  bay. 
Seigniory  of  L,  C. 
te  Quebec. 

on  the  coast  of 
ts  of  Casco  bay. 
fefferson  co.  N.  Y. 

^edicinal  8pring8,in 
nchestcr.    The  war 


tcrs  are  impregnated  with  magnesia,  sulphur, 
Hoda,  carbonic  acid,  and  arc  much  visited. 

CAPOIjK^A,  small  r.  of  Mexico,  in  the  in- 
tendency  of  Oaxaca,  flows  into  the  (iulf  of 
Tchuanteijcc.  liOn.  from  VV.  1  \P  W. ;  lat.  16^  N. 
CAPTAIN  JOHN'S  MILLS,  v.  Montgom- 
ery CO.  Md. 

CAPTINA  CREEK,  Ohio,  runs  into  Uie 
Ohio  r.  23  m.  below  Wheeling. 
CAPTINA  CREEK,  V.  Belmont  co.  Ohio. 
CARAVELLE,  cape  of  the  island  of  Mar- 
tinique,  on  the  NE.  coast.    Lou.  from.  W.  16° 
4'E.;  lat.  14=55' N. 

CARIACO,  isl.  in  the  West  Indies,  depend- 
ent  on  (Jrcnada. 

CARIBBEAN  SEA,  that  part  of  the  Atlan- 
tic  Ocean  lying  between  Cuba,  St.  Domingo, 
and  Porto  Rico  on  the  N.  and  the  republic  of 
Columbia  S.     See  Amencn, 

CARIBBEE  ISLANDS,  the  most  eastern 
islands  of  the  W.  Indies,  divided  into  Wind- 
ward and  Leeward  islands. 

CARIBEUF,  island  in  lake  Superior,  about 
200  m.  NW.  from  the  falls  of  St.  Mary. 

CARIBOU,  r. Canada,  runs  into  tlieSaguena. 
Lat.  4't=  2!)'  N. 

CARINACOU,  one  of  the  Grenadilla  islands 
in  the  W.  Indies,  \,  ith  an  excelleut  harbor,  16 
m,  NE.  from  Grenada. 
CARLIN  SETTLEMENT,  sec  Franklin. 
CARLISLE,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Muss.  20  m. 
NW.  from  Boston.    Pop.  566. 

CARLISLE,  t.  Sclioharic  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  W. 
from  Schoharie,  40  W.  from  Albany,  384  from 
W.    Pop.  1,748. 

CARLISLE,  bor.  and  cap.  Cumberland  co. 
Pa.  15  m.  W.  from  Harrisburg,  120  W.  from 
Philadelphia,  101  from  W.    Lon.  77=  10'  W. ; 
lat  40=  12'  N.     It  is  pleasantly  situated,  reg- 
ularly  laid  out,  built  chiefly  of  stone  and  brick, 
and  has  considerable   trade.     It   contains   a 
court-house,  a  jail,  a  market-house,  2  banks, 
and  7  houses  of  public  worship.     Dickinson 
College  was  founded  in  this  town  in  1783,  but 
at  present  it  is  not  in  a  flourishing  condition, 
CARLISLE,  V.  Nicholas  co.  Ken. 
CARLISLE,  V.  Bourljon  co.  Ken. 
C.iRLISLE  BAY,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ja- 
maica, W.  coast  of  Barbadocs,  and  island  of 
Antigua. 

CARLO  DE  MONTEREY,  San,  the  prin- 
cipal settlement  of  New  California,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  N.  America,  in  the  lat.  of  36=  36'  N. 
and  121=  34'  of  W.  lon.  It  is  beautifully  sit- 
uated within  a  small  bay  of  the  same  name, 
first  discovered  by  Cabrillo  in  1542.  It  was 
atlerwards  visited  by  the  count  de  Monterey, 
from  whom  it  received  Its  present  name.  The 
forests  and  mountains  preclude  much  inter- 
course with  the  interior;  nor  does  it  ap])ear 
tliat  there  is  any  considerable  river,  cither  N. 
or  S.  for  some  distince ;  otherwise  it  would  be 
an  inviting  spot  for  colonization. 

CARLOW,  V.  Hopkins  co.  Ken.  about  200 
m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Frankfort. 

CARLYLE,  V.  Washington  co.  II.  on  the 
lefl  bank  of  Kaskaskia  river,  27  m.  SE.  from 
Vandalia. 
CARMEL,  t.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  35  m. 


NW,  from  (^astine,  240  NE.  from  Boston,  670 
from  W. 

CARMEL,  t.  Putnam  co.  N.  Y.  26  m.  SE. 
from  Poutriikeepsie,  .'Jll  from  W.    Pop.  2,379. 

CARMEL,  t.  Pi  nobscot  eo.  Me.  15  m.  W. 
from  Bangor.    Poi).  237. 

CARMEL,  t.  Geo.  in  the  Cherokee  Nation.  -!|| 


CARINII,  t.  and  cap.  White  co.  Illinois,  on 
the  liittle  Wabash,  20  ni.  al)ove  its  mouth,  40 
N.  from  Shawneetowii,  831  from  W.     It  is  a 
flourishing  town,   situated  in  a  very  fertile 
country.    The  Iiittle  Wabash  is  navigable  for 
some  distance  above  the  town. 
(^ARMICHAELS,  t.  Greene  co.  Pa. 
CARNARVON,  t.  SE.  part  of  Berks  co.  Pa. 
(•ARNARVON,  t.  in  the  NE.  part  of  Lan- 
caster  co.  Pa. 

CARNESVILLE,  or  Franklin,  t,  and  cap. 
Franklin  co.  Geo",  on  the  Salwcgee;  125  m. 
NW.  from  Augusta,  604  from  W, 
CAROTJNA,  North,  see  page  100. 
CAROLINA,  South,  see  page  104. 
CAROLINE,  t.  in  the  NE.  angle  of  Tioga 
CO.  N.  Y. 

CAROTJNE,  CO.  E.  side  of  Md.  bounded 
NW.  by  Queen  Anno  co.  E.  by  Delaware,  S. 
by  Dorchester  co.  and  W.  by  Talbot  co.  Pop. 
9,070.     C^hief  town,  Denton. 

CAROLINE,  t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.  199  m. 
W.  froiTi  Albany.    Pop.  2,633. 

CAROLINE,  CO,  Va,  bounded  N.  by  the 
Rappaliannoc  r.  ESE.  by  Essex,  King  and 
Queen,  and  King  William  cos.  SW.  by  Han- 
over CO.  and  NVV.  by  Spottsylvania  co.  Pop. 
17,774.  Chief  towns,  Port  Royal  and  Bow- 
ling Greeh. 

CAROXDELET,  or  Vide  Poche,  French 
village,  Missouri,  on  the  bank  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, 5  m.  below  St.  Louis.  It  is  a  French 
settlement  of  about  50  houses. 

C  ARONDELET,  Canul  of,  at  New  Orleans, 
extends  from  the  bayou  St.  John,  2  m.  to  a 
basin  in  the  rear  of  the  city.  Vessels  drawing 
5  feet  water  enter  the  basin.  By  this  channel, 
water  conmmn'ication  is  open  from  N.  Orleans 
into  lake  Ponchartrain. 

CARPENTER'S  POINT,  v.  Orange  co. 
N.  Y.  269  m.  from  W. 

CARRION  CROW,  creek,  of  La.  forming 
part  of  the  limit  between  Opclousas  and  At- 
tacapas. 

CARROLL,  a  co.  at  the  W.  extremity  of 
Tennessee,  bordering  on  Wood  Lake,  contigu- 
ous  to  the  Mississippi  r.  Pop.  9,378.  Hunt- 
ingdon is  the  cliief  town, 

(^ARROLLSVILLE,  v.  Wayne  co.  Ten,  96 
m.  SW.  fi'om  Murfreeslwrough. 

C:ARR()L\'ILLE,  t.  Jctterson  co.  Ala. 

CARROLTON,  v.  Greene  co.  Illinois. 

CARRON  ISI,AND,  small  island  near  the 
coast  of  N.  C.  in  Albemarle  Sound.  Lon.  76" 
10' W.;  lat.  .35=  46' N. 

CARR'S  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  N.  H.  in  EUs- 
worth  and  Warren. 

CARRYING,  or  Portage  River,  Ohio,  runs 
into  the  SW.  end  of  lake  Erie,  15  m.  from 
Sandusky. 

CARSONVILLE,  v.  Ashe  co.  N.  C.  195  m. 
NW.  from  Raleigh, 


i' 


S22 


CAR— CAS 


CARTER,  ro.  East  Tennessee.    Pop.  6,418. 
Chief  town,  Elizubethtown. 
■yiBC"  'C^TERET,  CO.  N.  C.  on  C^re  Sound. 
*bi>i"6,607.    Chief  town,  Beaufort. 

■CARTEL'S,  t.  Stokes  CO.  N.C.  355  m.  SW. 
fiDmW.    " 

CARTER'S,  t.  Scott  co.  Indiana,  80  m.  S. 
from  India  najwiis. 

CARl'ER'S  BAY,  on  NW.  coast  of  America. 
Lat.  52°  58'  N. 

CARTER'S  CREEK,  r.  N.  C.  whicli  runs 
into  the  Atlantic.    Lat.  34°  42'  N. 

CARTER'S  MOUNl'AIN,  mt.  Albemarle 
CO.  adjoining  Monticello,  a  little  to  the  SW.  2 
m.  S.  from  Charlottesville.  It  is  about  800 
feet  above  the  Rivanna. 

CARTER'S  STORE,  v.  Halifax  co.  Va. 

CARTERSVILLE,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Va. 
on  the  S.  side  of  James  River,  42  m.  W.  by  S. 
from  Richmond,  171  from  W.  Here  is  a  to- 
bacco ware-house. 

CARTHAGE,  v.  in  Brighton,  Ontario  co. 
N.  Y.  at  the  lower  falls  of  the  Genesee,  5  m. 
from  lake  Ontario,  and  about  30  NVV.  from 
Canandaigua.  Carthage  bridge,  erected  across 
the  Genesee,  lately  fell.  It  consisted  of  a  sin- 
gle arch  of  352  feet  chord,  resting  on  abut- 
ments of  solid  rock,  which  rise  to  the  lieight 
of  150  ft!ct. 

CARTHAGE,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. 

CARTHAGE,  t.  and  cap.  ]\Ioore  co.  N.  C. 
40  m.  NW.  from  Fayetteville,  381  from  W. 

CARTHAGE,  t.  and  cap.  Smith  co.  Ten.  on 
the  Cumberland  r.  50  m.  E.  irom  Nashville, 
140  W.  from  Knoxville,  691  from  W.^  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  a  print- 
ing-office, a  Baptist  and  a  Methodist  meeting- 
'       house. 

CARTHAGE,  v.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  6  m. 
N.  from  Cincinnati. 

CAR^rHAGE,  t.  Athens  co.  Ohio. 

CARTHAGE,  v.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  below 
the  falls  of  Genesee  r.  2  m.  N.  from  Rochester. 

CARTHAGE,  v.  Tuscaloosa  co.  Ala.  50  m. 
NW.  from  Cahaba. 

CARVER,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  8  m.  W. 
from  Plymouth,  38  S.  from  Boston,  447  from  W. 
Pop.  076.  Here  is  a  pond  whicli  contains  val- 
uable iron  x)re,  and  the  town  has  3  furnaces. 

CARVER'S  RIVER,  Missouri,  which  runs 
into  the  St.  Peters  on  the  N.  side  about  40  m. 
above  the  junction  of  the  latter  with  the  Mis- 
eissippi. 

CASADA,  lake,  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  7  m. 
from  Dunkirk,  on  lake  Erie.  Casada  creek, 
the  outlet  of  this  lake,  communicates  with  that 
branch  of  the  Conewango  which  flows  from 
Chatatique  lake. 

CASAGIANDE,  t.  of  New  Mexico,  in  the 
N.  part  of  New  Navarre.  Here  is  an  innnense 
edifice,  siipposed  to  have  been  built  by  the  an- 
cient Mexicans  tor  a  fortress ;  it  consists  of  3 
**  '  floors,  with  a  terrace  aliove  them,  and  the  en- 
trance is  at  the  second  floor,  so  that  a  scaling- 
ladder  was  necessary.  Lon.  113°  23'  W. ; 
lat  33°  40'  N. 

CASCADES,  Isle  de,  in  the  St.  Lawrence, 
at  its  entrance  into  lake  St.  Louis. 


CA9CO  BAY,  isl.  N.  Brimswick,  in  Passa. 
maquoddy  bay. 

CASCO  BAY,  in  Maine,  between  Cape  Eli. 
zabeth  on  WSVV.  and  Cape  Small  Point  on 
ENE.  Within  these  capes,  which  are  about 
20  m.  apart,  there  are  about  300  small  islands 
most  of  which  arc  cultivated,  and  are  much 
more  productive  than  the  main  land  on  the 
coast  of  Maine.  Portland  harbor  is  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  bay. 

CASDAGA,  small  lake,  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y. 
aboot  8  m.  from  Dunkirk  on  lake  Erie.  It  is 
connected  by  a  river  of  the  same  name,  40  m. 
long,  with  the  Conewango.  The  river  is  navi. 
gable  throughout  its  course  for  boats  of  20  tons. 

CASPAGA,  t.  on  the  Casdaga  creek,  about 
60  m.  SSW.  from  Buflalo. 

CASEY,  CO.  Ken.  Pop.  4,342.  Chief  town, 
Liberty. 

CASEYVILLE,  v.  and  scat  of  justice,  Cascv 
CO.  Ken.    Lat.  37°  22'  N. ;  lon.  7°  32'  W.    " 

CASH  CLAP  SETTLEMENT, V.Johnson 
CO.  Ten.  907  m.  from  W. 

CASH  RIVER,  Illinois,  which  flows  into 
the  Ohio,  7  m.  above  its  entrance  into  the  Mis- 
sissippi, 15  below  Willdnsonville. 

CASH  RIVER,  NW.  Territory,  runs  into 
lake  Superior,  3  m.  E.  from  Dead  river.  It  is 
30  yards  wide  at  its  mouth. 

CASHIE,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs  into  the  Roan- 
oke.     Lon.  77°  3'  W. ;  lat.  35°  57'  N. 

CASHVILLE,  v.  Spartanburg  district,  S.C, 
111  ni.  N.  from  Columbia. 

CASPIAN,  or  Beautiful,  a  small  lake  in 
Grocnsborough,  Vl.  It  is  a  head  water  of  the 
Lamoile. 

CASSA  GRANDE,  ruins  of  Mexico,  in  Sn. 
nora,  on  the  Rio  Gila,  These  very  extensive 
and  curious  remains  are  evidently  of  Aztec 
construction,  though  separated  above  1000  m. 
from  the  otlier  existing  monuments  of  that 
anciently  civilized  peojile.  The  ruins,  which 
are  known  by  pre-eminence  as  la  Casa  Grande, 
are  situated  on  a  jJain  near  the  bank  of  the 
Gila.  Lon.  from  W.  36°  2.5'  W.;  lat.  33°4n'N. 

CASSEDY'S  CREEK,  v.  Nicholas  co.  Ken, 
538  m.  from  W. 

CASSEIJ/S  STORE,  v.  Amelia  co.  Va. 

CASSINA,  or  Red  Cedar  Lake,  N.  America, 
one  of  the  sources  of  the  Mississippi  r.  It  is 
about  8  m.  long  and  6  broad,  and  discharges 
itself  by  a  winding  stream  50  m.  long  into 
lake  Winnipoc.  The  waters  of  the  (^aspina 
arc  pure  and  transparent,  and  are  supplied 
with  pike,  carp,  trout  and  catfish.  It  has  an 
island  covered  with  red  cedar  trees.  Its  shon's 
are  lined  with  the  elm,  maple,  and  pine,  intcr- 
six-rsed  with  fields  of  Indian  rice,  reeds,  and 
rushes,  and  here  and  there  a  gravelly  beach. 
On  the  NW.  side  it  receives  two  streams,  the 
Turtle  and  La  Beesh. 

CASTAH  ANA  INDIANS,  Louisiana,  at  the 

sources  of  the  Platte.     No.  1,500. 

CASTILE,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y. 

CASTINE,  r.  Me.  which  rims  into  Penob- 

scot  bay.    It  is  14  m.  long,  and  navigable  6  m. 

CASTINE,  B-p.  and  cap.  Hancock  co.  Me. 

on  the  E.  side  of  Penobscot  bay,  122  m.  ENE. 


i^ 


CAS— CAT 


223 


swick,  in  Passa. 

jtwecn  Cape  Eli- 
Small  Point  on 
which  arc  nbwit 
lOO  small  islands, 
1,  and  are  much 
lain  land  on  the 
rbor  is  on  the  W. 

atauque  co.  N.  Y. 
lake  Erie.  It  is 
lame  name,  40  iti. 
The  river  is  navi- 
)r  boats  of  20  tons, 
daga  creek,  about 

,342.  Chief  town, 

at  of  justice,  Casey 
Ion.  7°  32'  VV. 
VIENT,  V.  Johnson 

which  flows  into 
ranee  into  the  Mis- 
nville. 

erritory,  runs  into 
I  Dead  river.    It  is 

runs  into  the  Roan- 
35°  57'  N. 
nburg  district,  S.C. 


,  a  small  lake  in 
head  water  of  the 


hc! 


of  Mexico,  in  Sn- 

se  very  extensive 

evidently  of  Aztec 

ated  above  1000  m. 

nonumcnts  of  that 

The  ruins,  which 

as  la  Casa  Grande, 

ar  the  bank  of  the 

W.;lat.  33°40'N. 

Nicholas  co.  Ken. 

Amelia  co.  Va. 

Lake,  N.  America, 
Vlississippi  r.  It  i9 
ad,  and  discharges 
11  50  m.  lonp  into 
ers  of  the  (^assina 

and  are  supplied 
catfish.  It  has  an 
ar  trees.  Its  shores 
[)lo,  and  pine,  inter- 
an  rice,  reeds,  and 

3  a  gravelly  beach. 

■8  two  streams,  the 

'^S,IiOuisiana,attlie 
1,500. 

N.Y.  , 

„  runs  into  Penob- 

and  navigable  6  m. 

p,  Hancock  co.  Me. 

'bay,  122  m.  ENE. 


o. 
h 


from  Portland,  250  NE.  from  Boston,  693  from 
W.  Lon.  68°  40'  W. ;  lat.  44°  24'  N.  Pop. 
1,1,55.  This  is  a  pleasant  and  flourishing  town, 
finely  situated,  lias  a  coiiiniodious  and  excellent 
harlwr,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  and 
a  bank,  and  has  considerable  trade. 

CASTLKMANS,  the  eastern  constituent 
branch  of  the  Youghiogeny  river,  rises  in 
Alleghany  co.  Md.  between  Meadow  and  Ne- 
gro mountains.  It  first  flows  NE.  alKiut  12 
in.  into  Somerset  co.  Pa.  Through  the  latter 
CO.  tliis  stream  curves  30  m.  and  falls  into  the 
Youghiogeny,  11  m,  N.  from  tlie  Md.  line,  and 
opposite  the  eastern  foot  of  Sugar  Loaf  inoun- 
tiun.  Tlic  fall  in  this  stream  is  considerable, 
where  it  is  passed  by  the  U.  S.  road. 

CASTLETON,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  65  m.  N. 
from  Bennington,  65  SSW.  from  Montpclier, 
and  434  from  W.  Pop.  1,783.  Here  is  an 
academy.  Bombazine  lake  is  chiefly  in  this 
town. 

CASTLETON,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  357 
m.  from  \V. 

CASTLETOWN,  t.  Richmond  co.  N.  Y. 
on  N.  end  of  Staten  Island ;  9  m.  SW.  from 
New  York.  Pop.  2,204.  The  Marine  Hospi- 
tal,  which  may  accommodate  2  or  300  sick, 
and  the  Quarantine  and  Health  establishments 
of  flie  city  of  N.  Y.  are  in  this  town. 

CASTOR,  t.  Madison  co.  Miso. 

CASTOR'S  RIVER,  Newfoundland,  falls 
into  St.  John's  harbor. 

CASWELL,  CO.  N.  part  of  N.  C.  307  m. 
from  W.  Pop.  15,499.  Ciuef  town,  Pittsbo- 
rough. 

CATACO,  CO.  Alabama. 

CATAHANOSA,  parish.  La.  E.  of  the 
Miss.  48  m.  above  New  Orleans. 

CATAHOOLA,  parish  of  La.  bounded  by 
Concordia  E.  and  SE.  Rapides  S.  and  SW. 
and  by  Ouachitta  N  W.  and  N. ;  length  80  m. 
mean  width  25 ;  area  2,000  sq.  lus.  Surface 
hilly  in  the  SW.  part,  and  level  in  tlic  NE.  It 
is  nearly  intersected  into  two  equal  sections 
by  Ouachitta  river.  The  soil  is  in  general 
extremely  sterile,  and  covered  with  pine  tim- 
ber. Some  very  productive  tracts  lie  along 
the  streams,  upon  the  small  prairies,  and  on 
Sicily  island.  Staples,  cotton,  live  stock,  and 
Iun\ber.    No  town  of  any  consequence. 

CATAHOOLA,  r.  of  La.  rises  in  the  par- 
ishes of  Natchitoches  and  Ouachitta,  and 
flowing  SE.  enters  the  parish  of  the  same 
name,  expands  into  a  lake  30  m.  in  length,  by 
from  3  to  6  m.  wide,  turns  E.  contracts  again 
to  a  river  of  about  70  yards  wide,  flows  10  m. 
and  joins  the  Ouachitta  and  forms  Black  river, 
afler  an  entire  comparative  course  of  120  in. 
The  country  drained  by  the  Catahoola  is  gen- 
erally  sterile  pine  woods. 

CATAHOOLA,  lake  of  La.  This  lake  is 
remarkable.  It  is  a  natural  reservoir,  filled 
and  emptied  by  turns.  When  the  Mississippi 
river  is  rising,  it  throws  a  volume  over  the 
intermediate  space  into  the  Ouachitta,  which 
thus  swelled,  forces  the  current  to  repulse  into 
|ne Catahoola  lake,  which  then  becomes  filled; 
"Ut  08  the  Mississippi  depresses,  tlie  water 
drains  from  the  lake,  and  in  autumn,  its  hot- 


torn  becomes  one  great  meadow  of  succnlcnt 
IicrlKigc,  with  the  river  winding  its  deviou* 
wav  fhroni,''h  its  widespread  plain. 

CATAHOOLA,  t.  Rapid  co.  La. 

CATAIlUNK,onc  of  the  Elizabeth  islsiidgy 
Mass. 

CATAKA  INDIANS,  N.  A.  at  the  head 
of  Tongue  r.  La.     No.  300. 

CATAIJNA,  harbor,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Newfoundland,  S.  from  (.'ape  Bonavista.  Lon, 
24°  50'  E. ;  lat.  48°  40'  N. 

CATARACT  RIVER,  N.  A.  falls  into  the 
Columbia,  about  200  m.  from  its  mouth. 

CATARAUdUS,  co.  SW.  part  of  N.  Y. 
bounded  N.  by  Niagara  and  Genesee  cos.  E. 
by  Alleghany  co.  S.  by  Pa.  and  W.  by  Clia- 
tauqiic  CO.  Pop.  16,726.  Ellicottville  is  the 
chief  town. 

CATARAUGUS,  t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y. 
469  m.  from  W. 

CATARAUGUS,  r.  N.  Y.  which  after  a 
W.  course  of  40  m.  falls  into  Lake  Erie,  25  m. 
S.  from  Buffalo'. 

CATARAUGUS  RESERVATION,  lies  on 
the  NE.  side  of  the  above  r.  and  commencing 
4  m.  from  its  mouth,  it  extends  10  m.  along 
the  r.  and  is  4  wide,  containing  about  37,000 
acres.  The  number  of  Indians  is  alxjut  700, 
among  whom  a  mission  is  established  by  the 
United  Foreign  Mission  Society. 

CATAWBA,  r.  which  rises  in  NW.  part 
of  N.  C.  and  passes  into  S.  C.  where  it  takes 
the  name  of  Wateree.  It  unite*  with  tiie 
Cougarec  about  30  m.  SE.  from  Columbia,  to 
form  the  Santcc. 

CATAWESSY,  t.  Nortliutiibcrland  eo.  Pa, 
on  S.  side  of  the  Susquchannah,  at  the  en- 
trance of  a  small  r.  of  the  same  name,  26  m. 
ENE.  from  Sunbury,  and  144  WNW.  from 
Philadelphia. 

CATAWISSA,  t.  Columbia  co.  Pa.  on  the 
E.  branch  of  the  Sustiuehannah,  20  m.  NE. 
from  Slinbnrv.     Pop.  2,520. 

CATETANT  CREEK,   r.  N.  Y. 
joins  the  Oswesro ;  23  m.  long. 

CATFISH  FALLS,  t.  Jeflcrson  co. 
192  m.  NW.  from  Albany. 

CATHARINE,  t.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y. 
W.  from  Spencer. 

CATHARINESTOWN,   t.  Tioga  co. 
Y.  165  m.  NW.  from  New  I'ork,  and 
WSW.  from  Albany. 

CATHANTS,  r.  Me.  which  runs  S.  into 
Mcrrymeeting  bay,  at  Bowdoiidiam. 

C;ATHERINE'S,  St.  island  on  the  coast  of 
Geo.  in  lat.  31°  30'  N. ;  lon.  81°  W.  . 

CATILE,  V.  Rapide  co.  La. 

CAT  ISLAND,  on  the  coast  of  La.  and 
Miss,  about  6  m.  long  by  one  quarter  of  a 
mile  mean  width ;  lying  between  the  passes 
of  Marianne  and  SE.  It  was  on  the  outside 
of  this  island  that  the  British  fleet  lay  during 
the  invasion  of  La.  1814  and  1815;  53  m. 
NE.  by  E.  from  New  Orleans. 

CAT  ISLAND,  the  name  at  present  given 
to  Guanahani,  or  St.  Salvador,  one  of  the  Ba- 
hamas, and  tlic  spot  where  the  first  discovery 
of  America  was  made.  Columbus  discovered 
this  island  on  the  12th  of  October,  1492,  land- 


which 
N.Y. 


18  m. 


N, 
200 


It 


224 


CAT— CAT 


ed  upon  it,  and  took  formal  possession  in  Iho  plnce  from  Catskill,  a  distance  of  12  m.  Tlie 
namn  of  the  i<ing  and  queen  of  Spiiin.  'I'Uv  ride  to  the  foot  of  tlie  moimtain  is  not  partic. 
island  is  uljout  (iO  ni.  lonjf  and  1'2  wide,  hut  is  idariy  infcrcstinjj — liut  ns  j-ou  nscend,  cvcrv 
not  a  place  of  any  coniinerci:d  or  politicid  iin-  moment  develops  somethinir  mafrnificent  ami 


portance.    It  is  in  lat.  21^  30'  N. ;  Ion  7.5^  \V 
CATISTOBOfiE,  r.  W.  Florida,  runs  into 
the  gulf  of  Mexico.     Lon.  85^  16'  W. 
CATLETTSBURG,  v.  (;reenup  co.  Ken. 
CATLIN,  t.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y. 
CATC),  t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  on  S.  side  of 
lake  Ontario,  24  ni.  N.  from  Auburn.    Pop. 
1,781. 

CATOCHE,  Cape,  NE.  i,romontory  of  Yu- 
catan, in  N.  America,  wiiere  the  English  ad- 
venturers from  Jamaica  first  attempted  to  cut 
logwood.  Lon.  8°  50'  W.;  lat.  22^  8'  N.  See 
Honduras. 

CATS  CREEK  MILLS,  v.  Washington  co. 
Ohio ;'  327  rn.  from  W. 

CATSKILL,  r.  N.  Y.  runs  SE.  and  joins 
the  Hudson  at  Catskill.  Its  mouth  makes  a 
good  harbor  for  sloops. 

CATSKILL,  t.  and  cap.  Greene  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  Hudson,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Catskill. 
The  village  is  built  principally  on  a  single 
street  parallel  to  this  creek,  and  contains  tlie 
county  buildings,  2  banks,  an  academy  for  fe- 
males, and  3  churches,  viz.  one  for  Presbyte- 
rians, one  for  Baptists,  and  one  for  Episcopa- 
lians. It  is  a  place  of  considerable  trade,  ^'i 
m.  below  Albany,  and  5  below  Hudson.  Pop. 
4,861. 

CATSKILL  MOUNTAINS,  a  branch  of 
the  Shawangunk  ridge,  being  a  detached  por- 
tion of  the  great  Apalachian  chain  of  moun- 
tains ;  forking  off  from  the  ridge  towards  tiie 
north  near  the  Hudson,  and  afterwards  making 
a  bend  towards  the  west.    The  general  height 
of  these  mountains  is  about  3,000  feet,  and 
they  abound  with  the  most  brimtiful  scenery. 
The  quarter  most  visited  by  travellers  is  at 
the  eastern  extremity  of  the  ridge,  where  on 
a  spot  called  the  Pine  Orchard,  2,274   feet 
above  the  waters  of  the  Hudson,  has  lately 
been  erected  an  elegant  hotel,  called  the  Cats- 
kill   Mountain  House.     Few  places  of  fash 
ionable   resort,  (says   Mr.  John  Marshall,  to 
whom  we  are  indebted  for   this  interesting 
sketch  of  the  place)  present  stronger  attraC' 
tions  to  the  tourist  than  this  spot.  A  few  years 
ago  this  deliglitful   retreat  was   almost  un- 
known and  rarely  visited,  but  by  the  hardy 
hunter  in  pursuit  of  the  deer,  the  bear,  and 
the  wolf,  who  had  hitherto  maintained  undis- 
turbed possession  of  its  cliffs  and  caverns.  At 
length  the  tale  of  the  extent  and  beauty  of 
the  prospect,  and  the  grandeur  of  tlie  scenery, 
drew  the  attention  of  individuals  of  taste,  and 
the  glowing  descriptions  they  gave,  eflcctually 
roused  the  attention  of  the  public.     Each  suc- 
cessive season  the  nuniber  of  visitors  increas- 
ed, till  tlie  temporary  buildings,  at  first  erect- 
ed for  their  accommodation,  gave  jjlace  to  a 
splendid  hotel,  140  feet  in  length,  and  4  stories 
high.    This  establishment  was  erected  by  tiie 
Mountain  Association  at  an  expense  of  about 
922,000.     It  occupies  the  eastern  verge  of  a 
table  of  rock  some  six  acres  in  extent.    An 
excellent  line  of  stages  is  established  to  this 


new.     'i'he  sides  of  the  mountain,  steep  and 
seemingly  inaccessible,  tower  far  above  you, 
clothed  in  the  rich,  deep  foliage  iweuliar  to 
sueh  regions ;  while  below  your  path  a  clear 
stream   runs,  one  moment  b\djbling  over  its 
rocky  bed,  and  tiic  next  leaping  down  in  cas- 
cades  to  tiie  valley.     The  road  is  extremolv 
circuitous,  and  so  completely  hemmed  in  by 
the  luxuriant  growtli  of  forest  trees,  that  the 
traveller  is  for  a  long  time  unable  to  judge  of 
his  progress  in  the  ascent  by  any  view  of  the 
country  he  has  lefl.     At  an  abrupt  angle  of 
the  road,  however,  he  obtains  at  once  a  full 
view  of  the  Mountain  Hqusc — perched  like 
the  eyrie  of  an  eagle  among  the  clouds — or 
rather   like  the  enchanted  castle  in  a  fairy 
tale;   seemingly  inaccessible  to  mortal  foot, 
still  ft  reminds  him  of  such  terrestrial  com- 
forts as  are  sure  to  be  acceptable  after  cxer. 
else  in  the  pure  air  of  the  mountains.    An- 
other turn,  and  it  again  disappears,  and  the 
traveller  next  finds  himself  on  the  level  rock 
of  the   Pine  Orchard,  and   approaching  tb; 
hotel  from  the  rear.     A  moment  more,  and  he 
is  on  the  edge  of  the  precipice  in  front  of  th? 
noble  building.     From  tliis  lofty  eminence  all 
ineqiiabties   of    surface    are    overlooked.    A 
seemingly  endless  succession  of  woods  and 
waters — farms  and  villages,  towns  and  cilii?, 
are  spread  out  as  upon  a  boundless  map.  Far 
beyond    rise  the  'i'agkannuc  mountains,  and 
the  higlilands  of  Connecticut  and  Massachu- 
setts.    To  the  left,  and  at  a  still  greater  dis- 
tance, the  Green  mountains  of  Vermont  stretch 
away  to  the  north,  and  their  blue  sunmiits  and 
the  blue  sky  mingle  together.     The  beautiful 
Hudson,  studded  with  islands,  appears  nar- 
rowed in  the  distance,  witii  steam-boats  almoi-i 
constantly  in  sight ;  while  vessels  of  every  de- 
scription,  spreading    tlieir   white    canvas  to 
the  l)recze,  arc  moving  rapidly  over  its  surface, 
or  idly  loitering  in  the  calm.    These  may  Ik 
traced  to  the  distance  of  nearly  seventy  mi't^ 
with  the  naked  eye ;  and  again  ai  time?  all 
below  is  enveloped  in  dark  cloud  and  rolhnj 
mist,  which,  driven  about  by  the  wind,  is  con- 
tinually assuming   new,   wild,  and   fantastic 
forms.  From  the  Pine  Orchard  a  ride  or  walk 
of  a  mile  or  two  brings  you  to  the  Kautcrskil! 
falls.     Here   the  outlet  of  two   small  lakes, 
leaps  down  a  perpendicular  fall  of  180  feet— 
then  glides  away  through  a  channel  worn  m 
the  rock,  to  a  second  tiill  of  80  feet.    Below 
this  it  is  lost  in  the  dark  ravine  through  which 
it  finds  its  way  to  the  valley  of  the  Catskill. 
The  waterfall,  bold  as  it  is,'  forms  however  but 
one  of  the  many  interesting  features  of  this 
scene.     Standing  on  the  edge  of  the  first  fall, 
you  look  down  into  a  dreary  chasm,  whose 
steep  sides,  covered  with  the  dark  ivy  and  the 
thick  foliage  of  summer,  seem  like  a  grcca 
bed  prepared  for  the  reception  of  the  waters. 
Making  a  circuit  from  this  spot,  and  descend- 
ing about  midway  of  the  first  fall,  you  enter  a 
footpath  which  conducts  into  an  immense  nat- 


p^ 


sappcars,  and  the 


CAU— CEN 


225 


ural  ampliitheatrc  bcliind  the  waterfall.  The 
effect  of  this  scene  is  imposing  beyond  de- 
scription. Far  over  your  head  projects  a 
smooth  surface  of  rock,  forming  a  magnificent 
ceiling  to  this  amphitheatre.  In  front  is  the 
ever-foiling  water,  and  Ixjyond,  the  wild  moun- 
tain dell  with  the  clear  blue  sky  above. 

CAUGHENEWAGA,  v.  Montgomery  co. 
N.  Y.  404  m.  from  W. 

CAVAILLON,  t.  St.  Domingo;  on  the 
NW.  peninsula,  16  m.  W.  by  S.  from  St. 
Louis.  . 

CAVAZATES,  L  Cuba,  120  m.  E.  from 
Havannah. 

CAVENDISH,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt  on  Black 
r.    Pop.  1,498. 

CAVESVILLE,  v.  Orange  co.  Va.  119  m. 
from  W. 

CAVVENISQUE,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into 
the  Tioga  on  the  borders  of  N.  Y. 

CAYES,  Z/P8,  t.  St  Domingo,  13  leagues 
W.  bv  S.  from  St.  Louis.     I  at.  IS^*  12'  N. 

CAYUGA,  CO.  N.  Y.  E.  of  CayUga  lake, 
bounded  N.  by  loko  Ontario  and  Oswego  co. 
E.  by  Oswego,  Onondaga,  and  Courtland  cos. 
S.  by  Tompkins  co.  and  W.  by  Cayuga  lake, 
Seneca  and  Ontario  cos.  *Pop.  47,947.  Chief 
town,. Auburn. 

CAYUGA,  V.  in  Aurelius,  N.  Y.  on  E.  side 
of  Cayuga  lake;  179  m.  W.  from  Albany, 
and  38G  from  W.  It  contained  in  1812  40 
houses. 

CAYUGA,  lake,  N.  Y.  commences  at  the 
mouth  of  Fall  creek,  in  Tomkins  co.  and  ex- 
tending nearly  north,  with  a  mean  width  of 
2  ni.  40  m.  to  tlie  village  of  Cayuga,  where  it 
again  contracts  into  a  small  river,  which  a 
short  distance  below  Cayuga,  unites  with  the 
Seneca  outlet,  Cayuga  lake  forms  part  of 
the  natural  channel  of  water  communication 
from  tlie  grand  canal  of  N.  Y.  to  tlie  Susque- 
hannah  r.  A  steam-boat  already  runs  between 
Itliaea  and  Cayuga. 

CAYUGA,  t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
right  bank  of  Cayuga  outlet,  on  the  road  from 
Auburn  to  Geneva,  10  m.  from  the  former,  and 
13  from  the  latter  place. 

CAYUGA  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which  unites 
with  Buffalo  creek  in  SE.  corner  of  Buffalo. 
I-ength  28  m. 

CAYUTA,  t  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  NW. 
from  Ppencer.    Pop.  642. 

CAYUTA  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs 
S.^nto  the  Susquehannah,  nea**  its  union  with 
the  Tioga.     Length  .35  ni. 

CAZENOVIA,  t.  and  cap.  Madison  co.  N. 
Y.;  130  m.  WNW.from  i\Jbany,38fi  from  W. 
Pop.  4,344.  Here  is  a  pleasant  and  flourishing 
village,  which  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
printing-ofRce,  a  Presbyterian  niceting-liousc, 
and  has  considerable  trade  and  manufactures. 
CECIL,  CO.  part  Md.  bounded  N.  by  Penn- 
sylvania, E.  by  Delaware,  S.  by  Kent  co.  and 
W.  by  Chesapeake  Bay  and  the  Susquehannah. 
Pop.  15,432.    Chief  town,  Elkton.   ' 
CECIL,  t  Washington  co.  Pa. 
CEDAR  CREEK,  r.  N.  J.  which  runs  mto 
I'he  AtlanUc,  lat.  39°  .55'  N. 
CEDAR,  creek  and  t.  in  the  northern  part 


of  Shenandoah  co.  Va. ;  180  m.  NW.  from 
Richmond. 

(/EDAR,  t.  Howard  co.  Miso. 
'    CEDAR,  lake,  British  N.  America,  between 
Lake  Winnipeg  and  the  Saskatchewino  river. 
Lon.  22=  30'  from  W.  lat.  53°  N. 

CEDAR  CREEK,  Rockbridge  co.  Va.  runa 
into  James  river.  The  Natural  Bridge,  over 
this  creek,  is  12  m.  S.  /roin  Lexington,  and  is 
a  great  curiosity.  The  river  runs  through  a 
chasm,  which  is  90  feet  wide  at  the  top.  The 
sides  are  250  feet  high,  ond  almost  perpen<i 
dicular.  The  bridge  m  a  huge  rock  throwtf 
across  this  chasm  at  the  top.  It  is  60  feet 
wide,  and  covered  with  earth  and  trees,  and 
forms  a  sublime  spectacle  when  beheld  froni 
the  margin  of  the  creek. 

CEDAR  CREEK,  runs  into  the  Missouri 
from  the  N.  in  St.  Charles  co.  Miso. 

CEDAR  CREEK,  r.  N.  J.  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  lat.  39°  55'  N. 

CEDAR  CREF",  r.  Delaware,  which  runs 
into  Delaware  Bay,  lat.  38°  56'  N. 

CEDAR  CREEK,  r.  S.  C.  which  runs  into 
the  Great  Pedee. 

CEDAR  CREEK,  v.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J. 
about  60  m.  E.  from  Philadelphia. 

CEDAR-CREEK-MOUTH,  v.  Franklin  co. 
Kentucky. 

CEDAR  GROVE,  t  Union  district,  S.  C. 
about  70  m.  NW.  from  Columbia. 

CEDAR  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlan- 
tic,  near  the  coast  of  Va. 

CEDAR  POINT,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Ma- 
ryland,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Patuxent 

CEDAR  POINT,  s-p.  Charles  co.  Md.  on 
the  Potomac  ;  12  m.  SSE.  from  Port  Tobacco, 
69  SSW.  from  Baltimore. 

CEDAR  RIVER,  r.  Mies,  which  runs  S. 
into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  It  is  E.  trf"  the  Pas- 
cagoula,  and  unites  with  it  at  its  mouth. 

CEDAR  RIVER,  or  Kechikigon,  r.  North- 
West  Territory,  which  runs  into  Lake  Michi- 
gan. 

CEDAR  SHOALS,  t.  Chester  district,  S.C. 
88  m.  N.  from  Columbia. 

CEDARS,  v.  U.  C.  on  the  lefl  bank  of  St. 
Lawrence,  30  m.  above  Mwitreal. 

CEDARVILLE,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y. 

CEDARVILLE,  v.  Cumberland  ca  Va. 

CEDARVILLE,  Cumberland  co.N.  J 
m.  from  W. 

CELAYA,  t.  Mexico.   Lon.  101°  5'  W 
2PN. 

CENTERVILLE,  v.  Bibb  co.  Ala.  on 
Cahaba  river,  about  70  m.  N.  from  the  v, 
Cahaba. 

CENTRAL  SQUARE,  v.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y. 
120  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Albany. 

CENTRE,  CO.  central  part  of  Pa. ;  bounded 
N.  liy  liy coming  co.  E.  by  Northumberland  co. 
S.  l)y  Mifttin  and  Huntingdon  coe.  and  W.  by 
Clearlicld  co.  Pop.  18,765.  Chief  town,  Bellc- 
fonte. 

CENTRE,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,103. 

CENTRE,  t.  Guilford  co.  N.  C.  69  m.  NW. 
from  Raleigh. 

CENTRE,  t.  Naluhitodieg  parish.  La. 


191 

lat. 

the 
of 


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m 


220 


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,    CENTRK,  t.  Greene  CO.  Pa.  i 

CENTRE,  t.  Union  co.  Pn.  1 

CENTRE,  t.  Monroe  co.  Ohio.       ^ 

CENTRE,  t.  Morgan  co.  Ohio. 

CENTRE-B'UKNAC'E,  v.  Centre  co.  Pa. 

CENTRE-HARBOR,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H. 
on  N.  side  Lake  Winnipiseogco ;  36   m.  N. 
from  Concord,  552  from  "W.    Pop.  377. 
.    CENTREVILLE,  f.  AUegliaiiy  co.  N.  Y. 

CENTREVILLE,  v. Crawford  co.  Pa. 

CENTREVILLE,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio;  14 
m.  NW.  from  Lancaster,  14  SE.  from  Colum- 
"bus. 

CENTREVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Queen  Anne 
CO.  Md.;  15  m.  S.  from  Chester,  21  N.  from 
Easton,  71  from  W.  It  is  pleasantly  situated 
in  a.  fertile  tract  of  country,  and  contains 
a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  Methodist  meetinj^f- 
liouse,  and  about  50  houses,  and  is  a  place  of 
some  trade. 

CENTREVILLE,  t.  Fairfax  co.  Va. ;  23 
m.  VV.  by  S.  from  W. 

CENTREVILLE, 
570  m.  from  W^. 

CENTREVILLE, 


t,  Pendleton  co.  S.  C. ; 


t.  Livingston  co.  Ken. ; 
834  m.  from  W.    Here  is  an  academy. 

CENTREVILLE,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio ; 
9  m.  SE.  from  Dayton. 

CENTREVILLE,  v.  Fairfield  co.Ohio;  14 
m.  SE.  from  Columbus. 
CENTREVILLE,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio. 
CENTREVILLE,  t.  Wilkes  co.  Geo.  89  m. 
NW.  from  Milledgeville. 

CENTREVILLE,  v.  Fayette  co.  Ken.  with 
an  academy. 

CENTREVILLE,  Columbiana  co.  Ohio, 
150  m.  NE.  from  Columbus. 

CENTREVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  in 
Wayne  co.  Indiana,  on  the  main  fork  of  tlie 
W.  branch  of  White- water  river. 
CERESTOWN,  t.  M'Kean  co.  Pa. 
CERF,  Me  au,  small  isl.  in  the  St.  Law- 
rence, at  tlie  confluence  of  tlie  river  Des  Prai- 
ries. 

CESAR'S  CREEK,  t  Greene  county,  Ohio. 
Pop.  649. 

CHABAQUIDDICK,  isl.  Mass.  near  the  E. 
end  of  Martha's  Vineyard. 

CHACTOOLE  BAY,  NW.  coast  of  Ameri- 
ca, S.  of  Norton  Sound,  between  cape  Denbigh 
and  Besborough  Island. 

CHAFALIA,  properly  Aichafalaya,  a  di- 
verging branch  of  the  Mississippi  river. 

CHAGRINE  RIVER,  r.  Oliio,  which  runs 
into  Lake  Erie,  in  NE.  part  of  Cuyahoga  co. 
CHAGRINE  RIVER,  v.Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio 
483  m.  from  W. 

CHAGUE,  r.  of  N.  America,  in  the  province 
of  Panama,  rises  on  the  isthmus  of  Darien  be- 
tween the  Bay  of  Panama,  and  Point  San  Bias, 
and  flowing  W.  by  comparative  courses  60  m. 
turns  to  N.  30  m.  falls  into  the  Caribbean  sea, 
between  Porto  Bello  and  Conception.  It  is 
navigable  only  a  short  distance  for  sea-vessels 
to  Cruces ;  but  for  boats' down  stream,  it  is  the 
channel  of  commerce  between  the  two  oceans. 
CHAIXX),  t.  Mexico,  18  m.  SE.  of  the  city 
of  Mexico. 
CHALEUR,  large  bay  of  the  Gulf  of  St. 


Lawrence,  separating  N.  Brunswick  from  L.  C. 
Ristigouchc  river  enters  its  head,  lat.  48°  N. 
CHALK  LEVEL,  v.  Pittsylvania  co.  Va. 
CHAMBERSBURG,  t.  bor.  and  cap.  Frank 
lin  co.  Pa. ;  14  m.  N.  from  Marylnnd  line,  52 
W.  from  York,  76  NW.  from  Baltimore,  137 
W.  from  Philadelphia,  92  from  W.  Lat.  .39° 
57'  N.  Pop.  in  1820,  2,300,  and  in  1630,2,794. 
It  is  situated  on  elevated  ground  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  Falling  Spring  with  Conococheaguc 
creek,  which  afford  excellent  scats  for  manu- 
factories and  mills.  Hci;c  are  now  in  opera- 
tion a  large  merchant-mill,  a  paper-mill,  nn 
oil-mill,  a  fulling-mill,  2  breweries,  and  a  spin- 
ning factory  with  about  600  spindles.  It  has 
also  manufactories  of  excellent  cutlery.  It  \h 
a  pleasant,  flourishing,  and  healthy  town,  and 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  county  ofliccs,  a 
market-house,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  7 
houses  of  public  worship.  Several  of  the 
churches  are  large,  having  spires  with  2  bells 
in  each.  In  the  vicinity  of  the  town  there  arc 
large  quantities  of  blue  lime-stone,  freestone, 
and  marble.  It  is  on  the  turnpike  from  Har- 
risburg  to  Pittsburg,  and  there  is  also  a  turn- 
pike  from  the  borough  to  Baltimore.  The 
surrounding  country  is  fertile  and  well  culti- 
vated. 

CHAMBERS  CREEK,  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 
a  small  stream  near  Newburgh,  on  which  is 
erected  a  cannon  Ibundery. 

CHAMBLY,  Seigniory,  in  Kent  and  Bed. 
ford  COS.  L.  C.  on  the  river  Sorrel,  12  m.  E. 
Montreal.  Here  is  a  fort,  and  a  village  of 
about  100  houses. 

CHAMPAIGN,  CO.  Ohio,  on  Mad  river,  a 
branch  of  the  Miami.  Pop.  12,130.  Chief 
town,  Urbanna. 

CHAMPION,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  York,  on 
Black  river,  at  the  head  of  the  Long  Falls;  52 
m.  N.  from  Rome,  161  NW.  Albany.  Pop. 
2,342." 

CHAMPION,  t.  TrumbuU  co.  Ohio,  4  ni.  N. 
from  Warren. 

CHAMPION,  V.  in  Painesville,  Ohio. 
CHAMPLAIN,  t.  and  liort  of  entry,  Clinton 
CO.  N.  Y.  on  lake  Champlain,  15  m.  N.  from 
Plattsburg,  185  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,456.  It 
is  watered  by  the  Chazy,  and  contains  numer- 
ous mills. 

CHAMPLAIN,  Lake,  between  New  York 
and  Vermont.  Its  whole  length  from  White- 
hall, at  its  southern  extremity,  to  its  termina- 
tion 24  m.  N.  of  tlie  Canada  line,  is  128  m.;  its 
breadtli  varies  from  half  a  mile  to  16  m.  Its 
surface  covers  about  600  sq.  ms.  The  princi- 
pal streams  which  flow  into  it  from  the  east, 
are  the  Missisque,  Lamoil,  Onion,  and  Otter 
creek ;  those  from  the  west  are  the  Chazy,  Sa- 
ranac,  Sable,  the  waters  of  lake  George,  and 
Wood  creek.  The  whole  extent  of  country 
drained  by  these  waters,  is  between  6  and  7,000 
sq.  ms.  Tliere  are  several  large  islands  in  tlie 
northern  part  of  the  lake,  the  principal  of  which 
are  Nortlf  and  South  Hero,  and  Isle  Lamotte. 
'ITie  outlet  of  the  lake  is  the  river  Sorel,  which 
runs  N.  into  the  St.  Lawrence.  About  800  tons 
of  shipping  are  employed  on  the  lake,  owned 
principally  at  Burlington,  and  in  ^c  summer 


■ra>( 


CHA— CIIA 


227 


I.  Ohio,  4  ni.  N. 


geason  a  steam-troat  plies  from  VVIiitthall  to  St. 
John's  tliroiijrh  its  wliole  length.  A  battle  was 
tmi^ht  on  this  lake  on  the  11th  of  Sept.  1814, 
in  which  the  American  fleet  under  commodore 
Macdonough  gained  a  complete  victory  over 
I  he  Britirth. 
C'HANCEFORD,  Upper,  t.  York  co.  Pa. 
CHANCELIiORVILLE,  v.  Spottsylvania 
CO.  Vn.  75  m.  N.  from  Richmond. 

CHANDELEUR  ISLANDS,  in  the  gulf  of 
Mexico,  near  tiic  coast  of  W.  Morida, 

CHANDLER'S  RIVER,  r.  Me.  which  runs 
into  Englishman's  bay. 

CHAPALA,  the  largest  lake  of  Mexico.  It 
lifR  just  above  lat.  ^0°  N.  about  120  m.  W.  of 
the  city  of  Mexico,  and  is  90  m.  long  and  20 
broad,  covering  an  area  of  122.5  sq.  ms. 

CHAPEL  HILL,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  C.  on  a 
branch  of  Cape  Fear  river,  about  14  m.  S.from 
Hillsborough,  and  24  W.  from  Raleigh.  The 
situation,  in  an  rlevateU  and  l.-roken  country,  is 
pleasant  and  heaHliy.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
University  of  N.C.  This  seminary  was  incor- 
porated in  1708,  and  liberally  supported  by 
public  donations,  and  private  benefaction.  The 
revenues  are  at  present  ample.  It  has  9  in- 
structors, and  6i>  students.  'I'he  libraries  have 
about  .5,000  volumes.  The  studies  of  which  a 
knowledge  is  required  in  order  to  gain  admis- 
sion to  this  institution  .ire  (Iti'siir's  Comment- 
aries, Sallust,  Virgil,  Mair's  Introduction,  ."ind 
ten  chapters  of  St.  .John's  (jlospcl.  The  studies 
during  the  first  two  years,  are  the  languages 
and  geography ;  during  the  third  year,  mathe- 
matics ;  and  during  tiie  fo\irth,  natural,  intel- 
lectual, and  moral  philosophy.  The  annual 
expenses  for  Iward,  tuition,  &c.  amount  to  about 
140  dollars.  The  commencement  is  held  on 
the  first  Thursday  in  Junfc,  after  which  there 
is  a  vacation  of  6  weeks ;  there  is  another  va- 
cation of  4  weeks  in  December. 
(JHAPLINTON,  t.  Barren  co.  Ken. 
CHAPMAN,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  Pop.  400. 
CHAPTICO,  t.  St.  Mary's  co.  Md.  12  m. 
NW.  from  Leonardtown,  and  .56  from  W. 

CHARATON,  cast,  and  Charaton,  west,  2 
rivers  of  Missouri,  rising  in  the  angle  between 
TiCs  Moines  river,  and  Grand  river,  and  flow- 
ing S.  fall  into  the  Missouri  220  m.  above  St. 
Louis,  and  120  below  the  mouth  of  Kansas  r. 

CHARDON,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Geauga 
CO.  Ohio,  12  m.  from  the  mouth  of  Grand  river, 
160  NE.  from  Columbus.  Lat.  41°  .35'  N.; 
Ion.  from  W.  4°  15'  W. 

CHARETTE,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Miso.  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  Missouri  river,  40  m.  above 
St.  Charles. 

CHARITON,  CO.  Miso.  bounded  S.  by  Mis- 
souri river  and  Howard  co.  W.  by  Ray  co.  E. 
by  Ralls  co.  and  N.  by  the  state  line.  This 
county  is  drained  by  the  two  Charaton  rivers. 
Chief  town,  Chariton.  Lat.  39°  30'  N.;  Ion. 
from  W.  15°  30'  W. 

CHARITON,  t.  and  cap.  of  a  county  lately 
«et  oflT  from  Howard  co.  Missouri,  is  under  a 
bluff  on  the  river  of  the  same  name,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Little  Chariton.  If  contains 
several  handsome  brick  houses,  a  saw  and  grist 


mill,  a  distillery,  and  2  hotels.     It  is  25  m.  VV 
from  Franklin.     Pop.  about  300. 

CHARLEMONT,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass. 
CHARLEMt>NT,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  14 
m.  W.  from  (;rcenfield,  110  WNVV.  from  Bos- 
ton.   Pop.  1,065. 

CHARLES,  CO.  Md.  bounded  N.  by  Prince 
George  co.  E.  by  St.  Mary's  co.  S\V.  and  W. 
by  the  Potomac  Pop.  17,666.  Chief  town. 
Port  1'obacco. 

CHARLES,  r.  Mass.  which  flows  into  Bos- 
ton  harbor,  near  that  town. 

CHARLES,  Cape,  the  N.  point  of  an  island 
in  the  S.  channel  of  Hudson's  Strait,  leading 
into  Hudson's  bay.  Lon.  74°  15'  W.;  lat 
62^  46'  N. 

CHARLES,  Cape,  \a.  the  N.  cape  at  the 
entrance  of  Chesapeake  bav.  Lon.  75='  58'  W. ; 
lat.  37°  15'  N. 

CHARLES,  St.  a  parish  of  the  E.  District 
of  Louisiana,  lying  on  both  sides  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  lakes  Mau- 
repas  and  Ponchartrain ;  it  is  a  swampy  dis- 
trict, containing  about  300  sq.  ms.  Pop.  5,107. 
The  court-house  of  tlie  district  is  45  m.  W 
from  New  Orleans. 

CHARLESBURG,  t  Montgomery  co.  Md. 
26  m.  from  AV. 

CHARLES  CITY,  co.  Va.  on  the  peninsula 
between  James  and  Chickahominy  rivers; 
length,  26  m.;  mean  »vidth,  8;  surface  hilly, 
or  rolling.  Staples,  grain,  flour,  and  tobacco. 
Pop.  .5,504. 

CHARLESTON,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y. 
on  S.  side  of  the  Mohawk,  40  m.  VVNW.  from 
Albany,  412  from  VV.  Pop.  2,148.  It  is  of 
large  extent,  and  contains  4  houses  of  public 
worship. 

CHARLESTON,  t.  Cecil  co.  Md.  10  m.  W. 
from  Elkton,  47  NNE.  from  Baltimore,  and  63 
from  W.  Pop.  300.  It  has  an  academy  and 
a  meeting-house. 

CHARLESTON,  t.  and  cap.  Clarke  co.  In. 
2  m.  from  the  Ohio,  14  above  the  falls,  14  SW. 
from  Madison,  613  from  W. 

CHARLESTON,  v.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  on 
Connecticut  r.  51  m.  W.  from  Concord. 

CHARLESTON,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  in 
Clarke  co.  In.  near  the  Ohio  r.  and  the  mouth 
of  Eleven  mile  creek,  15  m.  above  Louisville. 
Lat.  38°  28'  N.;  lon.  from  W.  8°  38'  W. 

CHARLESTON,  t.  on  the  SW.  side  of  the 
island  of  Nevis,  in  the  West  Indies.  It  is  the 
seat  of  government,  and  defended  by  a  fort. 

CHARLESTON,  isl.  at  the  bottom  of  Hud- 
son's  bay.     Lon.  79°  5'  W. ;  lat  52°  3'  N. 

CHARLESTON,  city  and  s-p.  S.  C.  in  a 
district  of  the  same  name ;  120  m.  SSE.  from 
Columbia,  118  NE.  from  Savannah,  580  SSW. 
from  Baltimore,  771  SSW.  from  New  York, 
544  from  W.  Lon.  79°  54'  W. ;  lat.  32°  47'  N. 
It  is  situated  on  a  (mint  of  land,  made  by  the 
junction  of  the  rivers  Cooper  and  Ashley,  which 
by  their  union  form  a  commodious  harbor, 
opening  to  the  ocean  below  Sullivan's  Island, 
seven  miles  below  the  city.  The  passage  over 
the  bar  at  the  mouth  of  the  harbor,  though 
deep  and  safe,  is  diflicult  to  find.   It  is  strongly 


r  '  Ik 


M'     If- 


CHA— CHA 

('riARr,p,fJTnv 


^^^ 


REFERRNCES.    Borou^Aa.— (1)  Cannon,  (2)  RadclifTe,  (3)  WragR,  (4)  Mazyck,  (5)  Flampetcad. 
Piiblir  Places.— (A)  United  States  arsenal,  (B)  Potter's  Field,  (C)  Places  of  worship,  (D)  Citadel,  (E) 
Public  ftjiiare,  (P)  Port  Washington,  (G)  Arsenal,  (H)  Markets,  (I)  Orphans'  house,  (K)  Baths,  (L)  Piilihr 


laiidini;,  (M)  Theatre. 

(a)  Bank  of  U.  States,  (b)  State  Bank,  (c)  Bank  of  S.  Carolina,  (e)  Planters'  and  Merchants'  Bank,  Id 
IfMion  Bank,  (g)  City  Hall,  (h)  Court-house,  (i)  State  Offices,  ( j)  Circus,  (k)  Medical  Colli-go,  (1)  Poor  Iinii^r, 
liu^  Workhouse,  (n)  Hospital,  (o)  Jail,  (p)  Exchange,  (q)  Foundery,  (i)  Steam  Mill,  (s)  Marlello  Towir 
(I)  Lucas  Mill,  (u)  Mill-pond,  (v)  Canal,  (w)  Bennett's  Ford,  (x)  Saw  Mill,  (y)  Wind  Mill,  (z)  Moore's  w 


:■¥ 


CHARLESTON  EXCHANGE. 


mm 


dcrended  by  3  forts  on  different  islands  in  tlie 
harbor.  It  contains  10  or  12  resjHictablG  pub- 
lic buildings,  and  18  or  20  churches.  Most  of 
them  arc  handsome,  and  some  of  them  mag- 
nificent There  are  but  3  or  4  larger  city 
libraries  in  the  United  States,  than  that  of 
Charleston.  It  contains  between  13  and  14,000 
volumes.  The  orphan  asylum  is  a  noble  and 
munificent  charity,  which  maintains  and  edu- 
cates 130  orphan  children.  There  is  a  fund 
also  for  educating  at  the  South  Carolina  college 
fluch  boys  as  manifest  distinguished  talents. 
Many  of  the  charitable  institutions  of  this  hos- 
pitable city  ar^  munificently  endowed,  and  af- 
ford ample  and  eiBcient  relief  to  the  various 
species  of  distress,  for  the  alleviation  of  v/hich 
tliey  are  designed.     It  is  regularly  laid  out ; 


and  handsomely  and  in  some  parts  splendidly 
built.  The  site  was  originally  low  and  niarsiiy ; 
but  the  low  places  have  been  filled  up,  and  .«'> 
raised  that  the  streets  are  perfectly  dry.  Tlie 
houses  are  spacious,  and  have  piazzas  to  court 
the  breeze.  The  squares  o.'-e  shaded  with  tlir 
pride  of  China  and  other  beautiful  trees,  and 
the  gardens  with  orange  trees,  and  the  inhab- 
itants have  had  the  taste  to  surround  their 
dwellings  witli  the  multiflora  rose,  and  other 
ornamental  shrubs  and  fragrant  flowering 
plants,  which  impart  to  a  northern  stranger 
the  idea  of  a  tropical  flower  garden.  Thougli 
this  city  has  been  more  than  once  desolated 
by  the  yellow  fever,  it  is  considered  healthier 
for  acclimated  inhabitants,  than  the  surround- 
ing country.  The  planters  from  the  low  coun- 


CHA— CHA 


229 


try  and  inuny  opulfiil  Rtran^trH  from  llie  Went 
[iiilioH  corni;  lion;  to  H|M:iid  the  HJckly  inoiitliR, 
and  to  enjoy  tlic  clt  jjant  and  cnlijrlilen(!d  soci- 
cty,  witli  which  this  city  al)oiind8.  Tlic  city 
ownH  n  lur^i:  amount  of  Hhi|>|)in{r,  and  in  tlic 
v.iliu'of  its  (;xi>ortH  \h  the  fourth  city  in  tli(! 
union.  My  the  way  of  Nortblit  and  across  the 
hnys,  it  has  rapid  und  easy  Bteain-hout  conmiu- 
nications  with  the  nortliern  cities.  In  18*30, 
the  population  was  24,780,  of  wliicii  more  than 
huh'  were  nlaves.     In  Ih30,  3(»,a89. 

C'HARLESTOWN,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass. 
I  III.  N.  of  Boston.  Pop.  8,787.  Tiie  princii)al 
part  of  the  town  is  beautifully  situated  on  a 
peninsula  formed  by  Mystic  and  Ciinrles 
rivers,  which  unite  immediately  lielow  in  Hos. 
ton  harlior.  A  bridge  across  Charles  r.  con- 
nects the  town  with  Iloston,  and  two  i  it  hers 
across  Mystic  r.  connect  it  with  Maiden,  and 
with  C^helsea.  There  ia  also  a  bridyc  across 
a  bay  of  Charles  r.  on  the  west  side  of  the 
town,  connecting  '♦.  with  Cambridge.  The 
public  buildings  arc  the  state  prison,  the  Mas- 
sachusetts insane  hospital,  on  olms-housc, 
town-house,  and  5  houses  ibr  public  worship, 
\\i,  2  for  Congregationalists,  1  ibr  Baptists,  1 
for  Univcrsa lists,  and  1  for  Methodists. — A 
navy.yard  of  tlie  U.  S.  occupies  the  SE.  part 
of  the  town.  It  consists  of  about  60  acres  of 
land,  on  which  arc  erected  a  marine  hospital, 
a  spacious  ware-house,  an  arsenal,  powder 
ma.  izine,  and  a  house  for  the  accommodation 
of  t..3  superintendent,  all  of  brick;  and  2 
immense  wooden  edifices,  under  which  the 
largest  vessels  of  war  are  built.  The  cele- 
brated battle  of  "  Breed's  hill,"  commonly,  but 
incorrectly  called  "  Bunker  hill  battle,"  was 
fouffht  in  this  town,  June  17, 1775. 

OHARLESTOWN,  v.  Washington  co.  R. 
I.  It  is  remarkable  for  being  the  residence  of 
the  greater  part  of  the  Narraganset  Indians 
tliat  still  remain  in  this  state.  They  are 
peaceable  and  well  disposed  towards  the  go- 
vernment, and  s|)eak  the  English  language. 

CHARLESTOWN,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Va.  20 
ni.  NE.  from  Winchester,  8  S.  from  Shep- 
hcrdstown,  and  63  from  W, 

CHARLESTOWN,  t.  Kcnhawa  co.  Va.  on 
the  Kenhawa,  near  the  mouth  of  Elk  r. 

(;HARLEST0WN,  t.  Mason  eo.  Ken.  on 
the  Ohio,  at  the  mouth  of  Laurens'  creek,  6 
m.  N.  from  Washington,  and  60  NE.  from 
Lexington. 

CHARLESTOWN,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  4 
m.  W.  from  Ravenna. 

CHARLESTOWN,  chief  town  of  the  isl- 
and of  Nevis,  in  the  W.  Indies.  Lon.  62=  40' 
W.;  lat.  17°8'N. 

CHARLESTOWN,  New,  town  of  Penob- 
scot eo.  Maine,  28  ni.  NNW.  from  Bajigor. 
Pop.  859. 

CHARLESTOWN,  v.  Cecil  co.  Md.  on  the 
W.  sid*  of  N.  East  r.  Ifr  m.  W,  from  Elkton. 

CHARLESTOWN,  t  Brooke  co.  Va. 

CHARLESTOWN,  v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 
on  E.  bank  of  tlie  Susquehannah,  4  m.  below 
Columbia. 

CHARLESTOWN,  t.  Berkeley  co.  Va.  20 
m.  NE.  from  Winchester. 


CHARLOTTE,  or  Port  Oenegee,  v.  in 
(iuti'H,  (iencHcu  eo.  N.  Y.  at  the  moutji  of  the 
(•enesee. 

CFFARLOITE,  co.  N.  Brunswick;  bound- 
ed  S.  by  the  bay  of  Fuiuly,  and  W.  by  tin;  St. 
("roix  nnd  Pas8amar|uoddy  bay.  ('hief  town, 
St.  Andrews. 

CHARLOTTE,  t.  on  the  E.  side  of  lake 
Champlain,  in  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  at  the  dis- 
tance of  10  m.  S.  of  Burlington,  nnd  13  N.  of 
Verg(;nnes. 

CHARLOTTE,  v.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Braddbck's  Iwy.  The  village  is  at  tlie  mouth 
of  Genesee  r. 

CHARL(JTTE,  co.  Va.  on  Staunt(m  river; 
liounded  by  [.uninburg  E.  Meekkiibiirg  SE. 
Halifax  or  Roanoke  r.  SW.  CamplH-ll  N\V. 
Buckingham  and  Prince  Edward  NE.  length 
33  m.  mean  breadth  18;  area  600  sq.  ins. 
Part  of  tlie  soil  along  tlic  streams  is  excellent. 
Chief  town,  Maryvillc.    Pop.  15,254. 

CIIARLOT'rE,  C.  H.  Charlotte  co.  Va.  lO.J 
m.  SW.  from  Richmond. 

CHARLOTTE,  v.  nnd  scat  of  justice  for 
Mecklenburg  co.  N.  C.  on  Sugar  creek,  a 
branch  of  Catawba  r.  46  m.  S.  of  Statesville, 
and  about  the  same  distance  SW.  of  Salisbury. 
Lat.  35=  16'  N. ;  lon.  3^  48'  W.  from  W. 

CHARLOTTE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Dicli- 
son  CO.  Ten.  30  m.  W.  from  Nashville.  Lai. 
36=^  6'  N. ;  lon.  10°  1.5'  W.  from  W. 

CHARLO'lTE,  v.  S.  C.  at  the  junction  of 
Tugaloo  nnd  Broad  rivers. 

(JHARLOTTE,  r.  bay  and  harbor,  W. 
coast  of  E.  Florida.  The  river  rises  in  the  in- 
terior of  the  peninsula,  and  flows  W.  into  the 
bay. 

CHARLOTTEBURG,  t.  Briuiswick  co.  N. 
Carolina. 

CHARLOTTE  FORT,  S.  C.  at  the  junction 
of  the  Tugaloo  and  Broad  rivers,  the  ibrks  of 
Savannah  river.  Lon.  82°  35'  W. ;  lat.  34°  N. 
CHARLOTTE-HALL,  t  St.  Mary's  ca 
Md. ;  56  m.  SSE.  from  W.  It  derives  its 
name  from  an  academy,  which  consists  of 
3  brick  buildings,  calculated  to  accommodato 
100  students.  The  sitiyition  is  elevated,  pleas- 
ant, and  healthy. 

CHARLOTPE'S  BAY,  on  the  SE.  const 
of  Nova  Scotiu.    Lat  44°  35'  N. 

CHARLOTTE'S  TOWN.  t.  island  of  St. 
John,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

CHARLOTTE'S  TOWN,  Prince  Edward's 
Island,  in  the  bay  of  St  Lawrence ;  on  a  deep 
bay,  S.  side  of  the  island. 

CHARLOTTE'S-TOWN,  formerly  Rous- 
seau, the  capital  of  Dominica,  21  m.  SE.  of 
Prince  Rupert's  bay,  on  a  point  of  land  on  the 
SW.  side  of  the  island.  Lon.  61°  25'  W.;  lat. 
15°  25'  N. 

CHARLOTTESVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Albe- 
marie  co.  Va.  86  ra.  WNW.  from  Richmond, 
40  SFj.  by  E.  from  Staunton,  and  about  1  N. 
from  Rivanna  r.  A  college  was  e^blished  at 
Charlottesville  in  1817,  called  Central  college. 
It  forms  part  of  a  grand  plan  of  education  re- 
cently  adopted  in  the  state  of  Virginia.  The 
buildings  are  not  yet  completed,  but  they  are 
said   to  snupass,  in  elegance  of  design,  and 


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braiity  of  urcl titer turr,  every  tiling  on  tliiN  Dido 
of  tlif  Atlantic*. 

CIIAKI.O'lTKVirJ.K,  I.  Norfolk  co.  U.C. 
on  litkr  Krir. 

CHARLTON,  t.  WorcMslcr  ro.  Muhh.  IT)  in. 
8W.  tVoni  WorcfHtrr,  nnd  (iO  SSW.  Iroin  Uoh- 
ton.    ro|).  a,!?.'}. 

CHAUI/roN,  t.  Snrntopa  co.  N.  Y.  8  m. 
W.  from  BallHton,  and  25  NW.  ti-oni  Albany. 
Poi).  2,023. 

(;HAIU-TON,  r.  La.  which  runs  into  the 
Miflitouri,  220  in.  from  tlu;  MiHHiRHippi. 

CHARLTON  ISLAND,  Uudson'H' bay. 
I^n.80'' W.;  lut.  .W^  12'  N. 

CHARLTON  ISLAND, Bmall  isl.at  E.  ex- 
tretnity  of  lake  Ontario. 

CHARON,  r.  U.  C.  runs  into  lake  Superior, 
Ion.  a^^'  W. 

CHAROTTE,  t.  St.  Charles  co.  Missouri 
Territory,  on  N.  bank  of  the  Missouri,  40  ni. 
ubovc  St.  Charles. 

CHARTIER'S  CREEK,  Pa.  runs  into  the 
Ohio  from  the  S.  5  m.  below  Pittshurfr.  It  is 
navigable  for  Iwats  to  Morganza  in  its  forks. 

CHASTANT'S  ULUFF,  in  Ala.  on  the 
Mobile,  27  m.  above  Mobile. 

CHATAHOOOHEE,  r.  which  rises  in  the 
Apalachian  mountains,  runs  across  the  NW. 
of  Ceo.  forms  a  part  of  the  W.  boundary 
of  the  ktate,  dividing  it  from  Alabama,  and  in 
lut.  .30°  s'5'  N.  receives  Flint  r.  and  takes  the 
name  of  /  paiachicola. 

CHATAHOOSPA,  r.W.  Florida,  runs  into 
tlrc  Catahoo(  hee,  lat.  31°  43'  N. 

CHATAL'iUE,  co.  N.Y.;  bounded  NW. 
by  lake  Erie,  E.  by  Catarogus,  S.  by  Pa.  and 
W.  by  Ohio.    Pop.  34,057. 

C;HATAUQUE,  lake,  in  Chatauque  co.  N. 
Y.  9  m.  E.  from  lake  Erie,  18  long,  and  from 
1  to  3  broad.-  The  head  of  the  lake  is  9  m. 
from  Dunkirk  on  lake  Erie.  A  branch  of  the 
Concwango,  which  runs  into  tiie  Alleghany  r. 
flows  from  tlus  lake.  From  the  head  of  this 
lake  there  is  a  free  navigation  through  tlie 
Conewango  and  Alleghany,  to  Pittsburg. 

CHATAUQUE,  t.  -'  d  cap.  Chatauque  co. 
N.  Y.  30  m.  SW.  from  Buffalo,  357  W.  from 
Albany,  and  439  from  W.     Pop.  2,432. 

C;HATEAUGAY,  Seigniory,  Huntingdon 
CO.  Lower  Canada,  on  the  S.  side  of  tlie  St. 
Lawrence,  13  m.  SW.  from  Montreal. 

CHATEAUGAY,  t.  Franklin  ca  N:  Y.  10 
m.  E.  from  Malonc.    Pop.  ^,016. 

CHATEAUGAY,  v.  Clinton  co.  N.  Y.  586 
m.  from  W. 

CHATEAUGAY,  r.  N.  Y.  in  Franklin  co. 
which  runs  into  the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  to 
MontreaL 

CHATHAM,  CO.  central  part  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
15,499.    Chief  town,  Pittsborough. 

CHATHAM,  CO.  E.  part  of  Georgia.  Pop. 
14,230.    Chief  town,  Savannah. 

CHATHAM,  t  Coos  co.  NH.  87  m.  N. 
from  Portsmouth.    Pop.  419. 

CHATHAM,  t,  Stafford  co.  N.  H.  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  White  mountains.    Pop.  419. 

CHATHAM,  t  Middlesex  co.Ct.  on  the  E. 
mde  of  Cormecticut  river,  opposite  Middle- 
town.    Pop.  3,646.    Ship-building,  has  long 


U'ln  an  imfmrtant  buRinens  in  thi«  ton'n,  and 
m'ViTuI  vcHseis  of  war,  for  the  United  Sliite<t' 
Herviee,  have  ix-en  built  hire.  Here  urn  uIno 
the  noted  and  very  valuable  quarries  of  Ine. 
Htoi\e,  called  ConneetiiMit  stone.  A  large  quan- 
tity of  this  stone,  pn-pared  for  market,  Ih  koIiI 
in  the  neighlx)rhofMl,  or  exjtorted  to  diHtiint 
parts  of  the  country. 

C;iIATHAM,  t.  Harnstabie  co.  Mass.  in  Ijiu 
SE.  extremity  of  the  state ;  20  m.  E.  from 
Barnstable,  W  SE.  from  Boston,  and  50H  frdiii 
W.  Pop.  2,134.  This  towh  is  reniarkahle  Inr 
many  shipwrecks  on  its  shores.  The  inhab- 
itants are  employed  chiefly  in  the  fisheries. 

CHATHAM,  t.  Kent  co.  U.  C.  extending 
from  Thames  r.  to  lake  St.  Clair. 

CHATHAM,  t.  York  co.  L.  C.  on  the  N. 
side  of  Ottawa  river. 

CHATHAM,  t.  Northumberland  co.  New 
Brunswick,  on  Miramaehi  river.  It  is  wrll 
situated  for  carrying  on  the  timber  trade,  nnd 
contains  a  handsome  Presbyterian  church. 

CHATHAM,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y. ;  18  m. 

NE.  from  Hudson,  350  from  W.     Pop.  3,,'i:)a 

CHATHAM,  t.  Morris  co.  N.J.  on  the  Pas. 

sttic ;  13  m.  NW.  Elizalietlitown,  228  from  W. 

CHATHAM,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.;  121   m. 

from  W. 

CHATHAM,  t.  Chesterfield  co.  S.  Con  W. 
side  of  tlio  (jJreat  Pedee;  15  m.  NNE.  from 
Greenville,  150  NNE.  from  tlharleston,  4.% 
from  W. 

CHATHAM,  or  Punjo  Bay,  on  the  SW. 
coast  of  Florida.    Lat.  25°  30'  N. 

CHATHAM  FOUR  CORNERS,  v.  in  tin- 
township  of  Chatham,  Columbia  co.  N.  Y. ;  34ri 
m.  from  W.  This  is  a  different  town  t'roin 
that  called  Chatham  in  the  same  townshiii. 

CHATHAM  STRAIT,  a  channel  on  tlic 
W.  coast  of  N.  America.  It  divides  Kiiiij 
George  the  Third's  Archipelago  from  Admi- 
ralty island.     Lat  58°  N.  Ion.  134  W. 

CH  AUDIERE  FALLS,  on  the  Ottawa  rivor, 
U.  C.  36  feet  high.  They  are  a  little  (iItovc 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Radeau,and  below  Lalvc 
('haudicire. 

CHAUDIERE  LAKE  is  formed  by  liir 
widening  of  the  Ottawa  river,  above  the  nioiitli 
of  the  river  Radeau,  and  below  Lake  Cliat, 
U.C. 

CHAUDIERE  RIVER,  L.  C.  rises  on  tlip 
hilly  region  from  which  the  Connecticut  and 
Kennebec  have  their  sources.  It  flows  nearly 
N.  from  Megantic  Lake,  about  100  m.  and  falli* 
into  St.  Lawrence  6  m.  above  Quebec.  It  was 
by  the  channel  of  this  stream  that  Gen.  Ar- 
nold reached  the  St  Lawrence  river,  early  in 
the  revolutionary  war.  It  is  a  precipitous,  aiid 
unnavigable  stream.  The  scenery  along  its 
banks  has  excited  the  admiration  of  all  travel- 
lers who  have  visited  it. 

CHAUMONT,  a  town  of  Jefferson  co.  New- 
York,  seated  at  the  head  of  a  small  bay  at  the 
E.  end  of  Lake  Ontario,  187  m.  NW.  of  Al- 
bany. 

CHAUMONT,  bay  of  Lake  Ontario,  Jeffer- 
son CO.  N.  Y.'to  the  N.  of,  and  communicating 
by  a  strait  with  Sacket's  Harbor. 
CHAZY,  t.  Clinton  co.  N.  Y.  W.  from  Lake 


CHA— CHE 


231 


»  lovm,  oiiil 
iUd  SliitrV 
ere  urn  nlwi 
xirH  of  iVrc. 

liTii*'  tlUilll- 

»rk»'t,  iH  w)l«l 
I   to  (liHlaiit 

MuHH,  in  till' 
in.  K  t'rorn 
mul  rjOH  from 
iinarkabU'  lor 
The  inliBlv 
e  fmlii-riiH. 
C  extending 

C  on  tlic  N. 

•land  CO.  New 
i-r.  It  Ih  well 
ibcr  trade,  nnd 
lan  cliurcli. 
.N.  Y.;  18  m. 
V.    Top.  u/isa 

I.  J.  on  the  Pan- 
n,  22H  from  W. 
0.  Fa.;  121   ni. 

lco.S.C.onW. 

m.  NNE.  from 
Charleston,  43(i 

ai/,  on  the  S\V. 

'"N. 

NERS,  V.  in  the 
■K,c,o.N.Y.;34f. 
;rcnt  town  from 

lie  townRlnp. 

channel  on  the 

|lt  divides   Kini; 

lago  from  Adnii- 

[.  134  W. 
the  Ottawa  river, 

Ire  a  little  above 

I,  and  below  hah' 

formed  by  tlie 
1  above  the  inoulli 
flow  Lake  Chat, 

\j.  C.  riBcs  on  the 
1  Connectioit  and 
.  It  flows  nearly 
It  100  m.  and  falls 
I  Quebec.  It  wa"  I 
in  that  Gen.  Ar- 
Ice  river,  early  m 
V  precipitous,  aiid 
tcenery  along  its 
Ition  of  all  travel- 

[Jefferson  co.  New 
I  small  bay  at  the 

m.  NW.of  Al- 

L  Ontario,  Jcffef- 
Id  communicating 

Vrbor.  _  , 

I Y.  W.  from  Lake 


Choiuplain;  186  m.  N.  from  Albany,  539  fVoin 
W.    Pop.  3,097. 

('HAZY,  two  Hmull  river*  of  N.  Y.  Clinton 
CO.  fall  into  the  W.  nido  of  Lnkc  Chani]>!ain. 

C;HEAT,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the  MononjifaJicIa, 
3  or  4  in.  within  th«  Pi  luiNvlvania  line.  It  in 
navif^nble  for  Imata,  except  m  dry  seasons,  and 
there  is  a  portnjfi;  of  37  rn.  to  the  Potomac. 

CHEFIACCO,  the  2(1  parish  in  Ipswich, 
Mass.  i  5  HI.  SSK.  from  Ipswich  C.  11.  12  NE. 
Salcin.  It  is  faiiioiis  for  buildiufr  small  vcs- 
Hcls,  called  Chcbacco-lmats.  Souk-  huaincsH. 
aliu)  is  done  here  in  the  siiorc  fisiinry,  though 
the  principal  employment  is  npriculture.  The 
villa|re  is  2  m.  from  the  hay,  on  Chebacco  river, 
wliicli  is  navigable  for  8loo|iH  of  60  tons  to  the 
village. 

CHHBIKTO  BAY,  on   the  SE.  const  of 

Nova  Scotia.     Loti.  63^  31'  W.  hit.  44  '  4^'  N. 

CIIEBUKTO,  hnrlwr,  near  Halifax,  in  Nova 

Scotia.    Lon.   13''  18'  E.  from  \V.   lat.   44^ 

45' N. 

CHEBUOTEQUION  is  one  of  the  lakes  on 

the  cominuniciilion  iKitwcen  Lake  Simcoc  and 

the  Rice  Lake,  ('.  C. 
CI1E1)ABUC'I'(^,  bay  of  the  NE.  coast  of 

Nova  Scotia,  oiK-ninu  into, the  strait  between 

Cape  Breton  and  Nova  Scotia.     Lon.  15°  50' 

E.  from  W.  lat.  45°  25'  N. 
CHEEKS  CROSS-ROADS,  v.  Hawkins  co. 

Tennesson. 
CHEFUNCTI,  r.  La.  falls  into  lake  Pon- 

clmrtrain,  at  Madisonville.  It  is  boatablc  30  m. 
CHEGOIMEGON,  Point,  NW.  Territory, 

a  sandy  point  projecting  into  Lake  Sujwrior 

and  forming  the  eastern  side  of  a  bay  of  the 

same  name.    The   bay  affords   an  excellent 

harbor  for  vessels,  and  next  to  that  of  Grand 

Isle,  the  best  on  the  southern  shore  of  the  lake. 

Across  its  entrance  is  a  chain  of  islands,  27 

m.  E.  Fonddu  Lac,  130  VV.  Kewcena  Point. 
CHELMSFORD,    t.   Middlesex   co.  Mass. 

on  S.  side  of  the  Merrimack ;  25  m.  NW.  Bos- 
ton, 462  from  W.  Pop.  1,387.  Middlesex  ca- 
nal commences  here,  near. the  head  of  which 

there  is  a  manufactory  of  glass.  Large  quan- 
tities of  beautiful  granite,  much  used  in  build- 
ing, are  obtained  in  this  town,  and  transported 

down  the  canal,  to  Boston  and  vicinity. 
CHELSEA,  t  and  cap.  Orange  co.  Vt. ;  22 

in.  SSE.  from  Montpelier,  506  from  VV.    Pop. 

1,958. 
CHELSEA,  t.  Suffolk  co.  Mass.;  6  m.  NE. 

from  Boston.     It  is  connected  with  Charles- 

tovim  by  a  bridge.    Lon.  71°  0'  W.  lat  42°  25' 

N.    Pop.  770. 
CHEMIUR,  r.  In.  falling  into  Lake  Michi- 

gan. 

CHEMUNG,  t.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.;  10  m. 
SW.  from  Spencer,  198  WSW.  firom  Albany, 
308  from  W.    Pop.  1,462. 

CHENAL  ECARTE  ISLE,  U.  C.  near  the 
entrance  of  the  river  St.  Clair  into  Lake  St. 
Clair,  E.  of  Harsan's  Island.  It  contains  about 
300  acres  of  arable  land ;  the  other  parts  are 
meadow  and  marsh. 

.  CHENAL  ECARTE,  Isle  de,  U.  C.  in  the 
■■iver  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  the  t.  of  Cornwall,  [m.  SW.  from  Vandalia. 


contains  from  7  to  800  ncrei.    The  noil  u 
g(x>d. 
CFIENAL  WARTE  RIVER,  V.  C.  run» 

nearly  parallel  to  tliu  river  Thnines,  and  cnip- 
lies  itself  at  tJu;  entraitce  of  the  river  St. 
Clair. 

CHENANGO,  ro.  N.  Y.  Imunded  N.  by 
Madison  co.  K.  by  ( )t»«'go  nnd  Dilawarc  coe. 
.S.  by  BroouK!  co.  W.  by  Broonio  and  (^)urt- 
huKlt  cos.  Poj).  37,406.  Chief  town,  Nor- 
wich. 

CH EN AN(JO,  t.  nnd  cap.  Broome  co.  N.  Y. 
im  the  Siis(iuchannah ;  40  m.  SW.  from  Nor- 
wich,  63  S.  from  Munl.us,  ll.s  WSW.  from 
Albanv,  21)5  from  VV.     Pop.  3,7U). 

CHENANiJO,  r.  which  runs  SSW.  through 
Chenango  eo.  an<l  joins  the  Siiscpiiiiajmah,  18 
m.  E.  from  Owego.     Length  !I0  m. 

CHENANtJO  FORKS,  v.  Broome  co.  N.  Y.; 
315  m.  from  W. 

CIH:NAN(;o  point,  Broome  co.  N.  Y. 
nt  the  junction  of  Chenango  river  with  the 
Sus(|uejiannuh. 

C^HENE,  Me  du,  in  Lake  Ontario,  lies  off 
the  easterly  coast  of  Marysburgh,  U.  C.  and 
close  to  the  land. 

CIIENE,  I'ortafre  du,  on  the  Ottawa  river, 
iinmediatoly  below  Lake  C'haudiere,  IJ.  C. 

C'HENE,  Riviere  du,  runs  into  the  Buy  of 
Michipicoten,  Lake  Suiwrior,  W.  of  r.  Michi- 
picoten,  IJ.  C. 

CHENE,  r.  La.  rises  in  the  marshes  SE.  . 
from  the  English  Bend,  below  N.  Orleans; 
flows  parallel  to  the  Mississippi,  and  falls  into 
Chandclcur  Bay,  about  10  m.  E.  from  Fort  St. 
Philip.  An  inlet  connects  the  Chcnc  with  tlio 
Terra  aux  Bocufs  river. 

CHENES,  r.  Plaquemines  parish,  La.  which 
runs  .SE.  into  Black  Lake. 

C;HEPATC;HET,  flourishing  v.  Providence 
CO.  R.  I.  on  Chepatchet  creek,  16  m.  NW. 
from  Providence. 

CHEPATCHET  CREEK,  northwestern 
branch  of  Pawtucket  river,  rises  in  the  NW. 
angle  of  Providence  co.  R.  I. 

CHEPOOSEA,  r.  La.  which  runs  into  the 
Mississippi,  Ion.  90°  6'  W.  lat.  36^  16'  N. 

CHERAW,  v.  Darlington  district,  S.  C; 
240  m.  from  W. 

CHERAW  HILLS,  S.  C.  on  W.  side  of  the 
Great  Pedec ;  10  ni.  NW.  from  (ireenvillc. 

CHEROKEE  CORNER,  v.  Oglethorpe  co. 
Geo. ;  8J  m.  from  Athens,  675  from  W. 

CHERRITON.t.  Howard  co.  Missouri  Tcr- 
ritory,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Missouri,  20  m. 
W.  from  Franklin. 
CHEERY,  t,  Wayne  co.  Pa. 
CHERRY  CREEK  rises  at  the  foot  of  the 
Blue  Mountain  on  the  N.  side  in  Northampton 
CO.  Pa.  near  tlie  Windgap,  and  running  ENE. 
along  the  foot  of  the  mountain,  falls  into  the 
Delaware,  at  its  entrance  into  the  Watergap. 
It  is  not  navigable,  is  rapid,  and  has  several 
mills  erected  on  it 

CHERRYFIELD,  t.  Washington  co.  Me.; 
30  m.'W.  from  Machias.     Pop.  583. 
CHERRY  GROVE,  t.  St.  Clair  co.  II. ;  59 


n' 


li'i'i 


'Hi 

m 


232 


CHE— CHE 


r  J 


i"-  I  :»  :.\-.-:. 


CHERRY  PLAINS,  v.  Wake  co.  N.  C; 
308  m.  from  W. 
.     CHERRY  RIDGE,  t  Wayne  co.  Pa. 

CHERRYSTONE,  a  port  of  Va. 
k  CHERRYTREE,  t  Venango  co.  Pa. 

CHERRYTON,  s-p.  of  the  Eastern  Shore, 
Northampton  co.  Va. 

CHERRYVILLE,  t.  Rapides  parish.  La. 

CHERRYVILLE,  v.  Northampton  co.  Pa. ; 
212  m.  from  W. 

CHERRY  VALLEY,  t.  Otsego  co.  N,  Y. ; 
14  m.  NE.  from  Cooperstown,  53  W.  from  Al- 
bany, 384  from  W.  Pop.  4,098.  Here  is  a 
large,  handsome,  and  finely  situated  village, 
which  contains  an  academy,  a  meeting-house, 
a  printing-office,  and  has  considerable  trade. 
The  1st,  8d,  and  3d  Western  Turnpikes  meet 
here,  and  are  intersected  by  other  large 
roads. 

CHESADAWD  LAKE,  N.  America,  about 
210  m.  NE.  by  E.  of  the  E.  end  of  Slave  Lake, 
in  the  Hsdson  Bay  Company's  territory. 

CHESAPEAKE  BAY,  of  United  States, 
li  the  states  of  Virginia  and  Maryland,  and 
one  of  tlie  largest  in  the  known  world.  Its 
entrance  is  between  Cape  Charles  and  Cape 
Henry,  12  ni.  wide,  and  it  extends  270  m.  to 
tlie  northward,  dividing  Virginia  and  Mary- 
land. It  is  from  7  to  20  rn.  broad,  and  gene- 
rally as  much  as  9  fathoms  deep;  affording 
many  commodious  harbors,  and  a  safe  and 
easy  navigation.  It  receives  the  waters  of  the 
Susquchuimah,  Potomac,  Rappahannock,  York, 
und  James  rivers,  which  are  all  large  and 
navigable. 

CHESAPEAKETOWN,  v.  Cecil  co.  Md. ; 
100  m.  from  W. 

CHESHIRE  TOWNSHIP,  Gallia  co.Ohio, 

CHESHIRE,  CO.  SW.  part  of  N.  H.  bound, 
ed  N.  by  Graflon  co.  E.  by  Hillsborough  co.  S, 
by  Mossiichusetts,  and  W.  by  Vermont.  Chief 
towns,  CJiarlcstown,  Keene,  and  Walpole.  Pop. 
27,016. 

CHESHIRE,  t.  Berkshire  eo.  Mass.;  17m. 
NNE.  from  Lenox,  120  Vf.  from  Boston,  404 
from  W.  Pop!  1,049.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  window  glass,  and  is  celebrated  for  its  ex- 
cellent cheese. 

CHESHIRE,  t.  New  Haven,  co.  Ct. ;  15  m. 
N.  from  New  Haven,  318  from  W.  Pop.  1,764. 
It  contains  a  resjiectable  Episcojial  academy, 
whicli  has  a  principal  and  a  professor  of  lan- 
guages. Tlie  anniversary  is  held  on  the  first 
Wednesday  in  October. 

CHESNUT  RIDGE,  mt.  which  extends 
from  Maryland  NE.  through  Fayette  and 
Westmoreland  cos.  Pa. 

CHESNUl  CREEK,  brnnnh  of  the  Ken- 
hawa  in  S.  part  oi'  Va. 

CFESNUT  HILL,  I.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 
on  N.  side  of  Blue  Mountain. 

CHESNUT  HILL,  t  Staftbid  'io.  N.  H. ;  58 
from  Concord. 

CHESNUT  HILL,  t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa. ; 
8  m.  N.  from  Philadelphia. 

CHESNUT  HILL,  t.  Orange  co.  Va. ;  40 
m.  NW.  from  Richmond. 

CHESNUT  HILL,  v.  Jackson  co.  Geo. 


CHESNUT  HILL,  t.  Hall  ca  Geo. ;  80  m. 
NNW.  from  Milledgeville. 

CHESNUT  HILL,  a  township  in  North- 
ampton  co.  Pa. 

CHESTER,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt;  16  m.SW. 
from  Windsor,  447  from  W.  Pop.  2,320.  Here 
is  an  academy. 

CHESTER,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  on  E, 
side  of  the  Merrimack  and  Manchester  ;  6  m. 
NE.  from  Londonderry,  25  SSE.  from  Con- 
cord,  31  W.  from  Portsmouth,  48 .  N.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  2,039.  It  is  a  considerable  town, 
and  of  large  extent.  Rattle  Snake  Hill  in  this 
town  is  a  great  curiosity.  Its  diameter  is 
half  a  mile,  its  form  circular,  and  its  height 
400  feet.  On  the  S.  side  there  is  a  dreary 
cave,  called  the  Devil's  Den,  with  a  narrow 
apartment  15  or  20  feet  square,  the  flooring  and 
ceiling  of  which  are  formed  by  a  regular  rock, 
From  the  wall  hang  numerous  excrescences 
resembling  pears,  which,  on  the  approach  of 
a  torch,  emit  a  lustre  >  ith  innumerable  hues, 

CHESTER,  Neva,  t.  Graflon  co.  N.  H. ;  16 
m.  S.  from  Plymouth,  527  from  W.  Pop, 
1,090. 

CHESTER,  V.  Middlesex  co.  Ct.on  W.  side 
of  the  Connecticut  f  6  m.  below  Haddam. 

CHESTER,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass. ;  20  m, 
NW.  from  Springfield,  120  W.  from  Boston, 
387  from  W.    Pop.  1,406. 

CHESTER,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  E.  of  tlie 
Hudson  ;  90  m.  N.  from  Albany,  439  from  W. 
Pop.  1,284. 

CHESTER,  East,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.; 
4  m.  E.  of  the  Hudson,  40  N.  from  N.  York, 
243  from  W.    Pop.  1,300. 

CHESTER,  t.  Morris  co.  N.  J. 

CHESTER,  t  Burlmgton  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
1,839. 

CHESTER,  t.  Lunenburg  co.  Nova  Scotia, 
in  Mahone  Bay,  25  m.  from  Windsor. 

CHESTER,  t  Geauga  co.  Ohio. 

CHESTER,  t.  Knox  co-  Ohio. 

CHESTER,  r.  W.  Florida,  runs  into  Peu- 
saeola  Bay. 

CHESTER,  V.  in  Goshen,  Orange  co.N.  Y,; 
115  nj.  from  Albany. 

CHESTER,  CO.  Pa. ;  bounded  by  Md.  SW, 
Lancaster  W.  Berks  NW.  Montgomery  NE, 
and  Delaware  co.  and  the  state  of  Delaware 
SE.  Length  about  38  m. ;  mean  width  19^ ; 
area  732  sq.  ms.  The  western  part  towards 
Lancaster  co.  is  hilly,  and  even  mountainous, 
whilst  those  sections  skirting  Maryland  and 
Delaware,  though  not  level,  are  much  less  ele- 
vated than  tlie  W.  and  NW.  parts  of  the  co. 
The  centre  is  drained  by  the  sources  of  the 
Brandy  wine,  Clrester,  Ridley,  and  some  smaller 
creeks  entering  Delaware  river.  The  staples 
are  nunierous,  consisting  of  every  article  of 
agricultural  production  suitable  to  the  climate. 
Chief  town,  West  Chester.    Pop.  50,908. 

CHESTER,  bor.  on  Delaware  river,  Dela 
ware  co.  Pa.  15  m.  SW.  from  Philadelphia. 
Fiji.  700.  This  is  a  very  ancient  town,  and 
was  ihe  seat  of  the  first  legislature  after  the 
arrival  of  William  Penn,  but  has  long  been 
stationary  in  r  jint  of  growth. 


CHE— cm 


233 


1  ca  Geo.;  80  m. 

vnship  in  North- 

).  VL;  16m.SW. 
Pop.  2,320.  Here 

m  CO.  N.  H.  onE. 
Manchester ;  6  m. 
SSE.  from  Con- 
)uth,  48  .  N.  from 
considerable  town, 
Snikc  Hill  in  this 
.    Its  diameter  is 
lar,  and  its  height 
there  is  o  dreury 
en,  with  a  narrow 
ire,  the  flooring  and 
i  by  a  regular  rock, 
erous  excrescences 
m  the  approach  of 
innumerable  hues, 
ifton  CO.  N.  H. ;  16 
27  from  W.    Pop. 

;xco.  Ct.onW.sidD 
)elow  Haddara. 
n  CO.  Mass. ;  20  m. 
JO  W.  from  Boston, 

*'co.N.Y.E.  oftlie 
Ubany,  439  from  W. 

estchestcrco.  N.Y.; 
0  N.  from  N.  York, 


.  N.  J. 
ton  CO.  N.  J. 


CO. 


Pop. 


urg  CO.  Nova  Scotia, 

)m  Windsor. 

,  CO.  Ohio. 

0-  Ohio. 

rida,  runs  into  Peu- 

len,  Orange  CO.  N.Y.; 

wunded  by  Md.  SW. 
V.  Montgomery  Kb. 
16  State  of  Delaware 
1. ;  mean  width  19J ! 
vestern  part  towards 
id  even  mountainous, 
rting  Maryland  and 
el,  are  much  less  cle- 
NW.  parts  of  the  co. 
)y  the  sources  of  the 
llev,  and  some  smaler 
c  river.    The  Btapb 
r  of  every  article  ot 
uiUble  to  the  climate. 
*T.    Pop.  50,908. 
(elaware  river,  Vta- 
from  Philadelphia^ 
•y  ancient  town,  and 
legislature  afl«r  the 
,,  but  has  long  been 
iowth. 


CHESTER,  river  of  the  E;iHtern  Shore  of 
Maryland  and  Kent  co.  in  Delaware ;  riaea  in 
tlic  latter,  and  llowing  nearly  S\V.  into  tlic 
former,  separates  Queen  Anne  and  Kent  cos. 
and  falls  into  the  Chesapeake  Bay  at  Love 
Point 

CHESTER,  distof  S.C,  on  Watcrec  river; 
bounded  by  Fairfield  S.  Broad  river  or  Union 
W.  York  N.  Catawba  river  or  Ijancaster  E. 
Length  22,  width  18  m. ;  area  about  400  sq. 
ms.  Surface  pleasantly  diversified  by  Jiill  and 
dale,  and  well  watered.  Soil  of  middling 
quality.  Staples,  grain,  tobacco,  live  stock, 
Sic.    Chief  town,  Chestcrville.    Pop.  19,182. 

CHESTER,  t  and  cap.  Chester  district,  S.C.; 
23  ni.  from  Pinckncy  C.  H.  58  NVV.  from  Co- 
lumbia. 

CHESTER,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  NW.  from 
Wooster. 

CHESTER,  t.  Shcnandoali  co.  Va.;  20  m. 
SSW,  from  Winchester. 

CHESTER,  t.  Cunilrcrland  co.  Va.  on  SW. 
bank  of  James  river;  6  m.  S.  from  Richmond. 

(CHESTER,  Clinton  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  l^M. 

CHESTER  CJAP,  pass,  over  Uic  Blue 
Mountains,  in  Virginia ;  16  m.  SE.  from  Wiii- 
clicstcr. 

CHESTER  RIDGE,  mountains.  Pa.  in 
which  iron  and  lead  ores  are  found ;  140  m. 
WNW.  from  Philadelphia. 

CHESTERFIELD,  co.  Va.;  bounded  N. 
by  James  river,  which  separates  it  from  Hen- 
rico CO.  E.  and  S.  by  the  Appomatox,  and  W. 
by  Powhatan  co.  the  C.  H.  is  12  ni.  SSW. 
from  Richmond,  138  from  W.  Pop.  18,637. 
Ciiief  town,  Manchester. 

CHESTERFIELD,  district,  N.  part  S.  C. 
Pop.  8,472. 

CHESTERFIELD,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H. 
on  E.  side  of  the  Connecticut,  opposite  Dum- 
nicrston ;  11  m.  WSW.  from  Keenc,  100  W. 
from  Portsmouth,  435  from  W.  Pop.  2,046. 
It  contains  a  cotton  manufactory,  and  an 
academy. 

CHESTERFIELD,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass. ; 
15  m.  WNW.  from  Northampton,  105  W.  from 
P>o8ton,  398  from  W.     Pop.  1,417. 

CHESTERFIELD,  t.  Essex  county,  N.  Y. 
bounded  N.  by  Sable  river,  and  E.  by  Lake 
Cliamplain;  18  m.  S.  from  Plattsburg,  497 
from  W.  Pop.  1,671.  Adgatc's  Falls,  on 
Sable  river,  in  this  town,  is  a  cataract  of  80  ft. 
The  ciiaimel  has  iierpcndicular  walls  on  each 
side,  1  mile  long,  and  nearly  100  feet  high,  and 
as  regular  as  a  work  of  art.  There  is  a  bridge 
across  this  channel  96  feet  above  the  water. 
In  the  SW.  part  of  the  town  there  is  a  cavern 
in  which  ice  is  found  throughout  the  year. 
Iron  ore  abounds  in  this  town. 

CHESTERFIELD, t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.Y. 

CHESTERFIELD,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J 
Pop.  1,839. 

CHESTERFIELD  INLET,  an  inlet  ex- 
tending  about  200  m.  westward  from  the  N 
end  of  Hudson's  Bay.  Tlie  entrance  to  the  in- 
let is  in  lat.  63°  30'  N.  Ion.  90°  40'  W.  Its 
mean  breadth  is  about  15  m. 

CHESTER  FACTORY,  t  Hampden   co. 
Mass. ;  7  m.  SE.  from  Chester. 
2E 


CHESTERFIELD,  Key,  N.  side  of  Uie 
island  of  (^iih.i. 

CIIKSTEKTOVVN,  port  of  entry  and  cap. 
Kent  CO.  Aid.  on  Chotcr  r.  about  14  jn.  from 
its  eonfliirncc  with  fhc  Cliesaiienkr,  4.')  ESE. 
from  Biiltimorc,  77  SW.  from  Pliiliidclphin,  80 
from  W.  It  contiins  a  court-iiouso,  a  jail,  a 
MethoiHst  niectinj^-liouse,  about  l.)0  houses, 
and  has  f-onie  trade.  Wnshincfton  College, 
which  was  incorporated  in  1782,  is  in  this 
town,  and  a  handsome  briek  building  180  ffct 
long,  and  3  stories  hijrii,  lias  teen  erected,  but 
the  institution  has  never  assumed  the  form  of  a 
college,  and  the  building  is  aijpmpriated  to  the 
accommodation  of  a  Latin  and  an  English 
school. 

CHESTERVILLE,  t.  Kent  co.  Md.;  66  m. 
NE.  from  AnnnpoHs. 

CHESTERVILLE,  t,  Kennebeck  ro.  Me. ; 
30  m.  NW.  from  Augusta,  637  from  W.  Pop. 
923. 

CHESUNCOOK,  lake,  Me.;  10  or  15  m. 
NE.  from  IMoosclicad  lake.  The  western  and 
main  branch  of  the  Penobscot  passes  through 
it.     It  is  one  of  the  largest  lakes  in  Maine. 

CHETIMACIIES,  lake  of  I.onisi.inn,  be- 
twccn  the  AtchafilHya  and  Tcclie  rivers,  is 
about  40  m.  in  lengl'i,  with  a  breadth  of  from 
1  to  6  111.  It  is  shallow,  and  environed  by  a 
low,  annually  inundated  and  uninhabited  coun- 
try. At  high  water,  it  communicates  in  every 
direction  with  the  Atchafalaya,  and  in  all  sea- 
sons, at  its  SE.  extremity,  with  the  Techc  r. 

CHEVIAUX,  Point  anx,  on  the  N.  shore  of 
Lake  Ontario,  and  to  the  E.  of  the  river  Gana- 
rashn,  U.  (\nnadn. 

CHEVROTIERE,  r.  Canada,  falls  into  the 
St.  linwicncc  from  the  N.  40  m.  above  Quebec. 

CHEWS,  r.  IMaryland,  which  runs  into  the 
Chesnueake. 

CHIANTLA,  t.  Mexico,  40  m.  SW.  from 
Pculila  de  los  Angclos. 

CHIAPA,  province,  Guatimaln,  bounded  W. 
by  Oaxaca,  S.  by  Guatimaln,  E.  by  Vera  Paz 
and  Yuciitaii,  N.  by  Vera  Cruz. 

C^HIAPA  DOS  ESPAGNOS,  or  Civdad 
Real,  eaj).  of  tlic  above  ]irovinc(-,  300  m.  NW. 
from  Guatimala.  Lon.  'JV  23'  W. ;  Int.  1 7=  N. 
Pop.  3,000.  Its  principal  commerce  is  in  co- 
coa-nuts, cotton,  wool,  sugar,  and  cochineal. 

CHIAPA  DE  LOS  INDIO.S  the  largest 
Indian  town  in  Guatimaln,  in  the  NW.  ex- 
tremity of  the  country,  on  the  isthmus  of  Te- 
huantepec,  about  half  way  between  the  gulf 
of  Mexico  and  the  Pacific  ocean.  It  has  about 
20,000  Indian  inhabitants,  who  are  rich  and 
enjoy  many  privileges.  Lon.  93°  53'  W. ; 
lat.  17°  5'  N. 

CHIAPA-EL-REAL,  t.  in  N.  America,  in 
the  province  of  its  own  name,  with  a  bishop's 
sec.  Its  principal  trade  consists  in  cocoa-nuts, 
cotton,  and  sugar.  Lon.  from  W.  16°  10'  W.; 
lat.  17°  10'  N. 

CHICAGO,  r.  or  arm  of  lake  Michigan,  at 
its  S.  end,  in  IlUnois.  A  mile  from  the  lake  it 
divides  into  two  channels ;  the  N.  channel  ex- 
tends along  the  W.  side  of  the  lake,  about  30 
m. ;  the  S.  is  only  6  m.  long,  and  affords  a  se- 
cure harbor  for  vessels  of  almost  any  burden, 


234 


CHI—CHI 


but  has  a  bar  at  its  mouth  witli  only  two  feet 
water.  This  obstruction  might  be  easily  re- 
moved,  and  the  harbor  rendered  accessible. 
The  portage  from  Chicago  river  to  the  Dcs 
Planes,  one  of  the  two  branches  of  Illinois  r. 
is  9  m.  and  is  so  low  as  often  to  be  covered 
with  water  and  passed  in  boats.  A  canal  here 
is  contemplated,  and  could  be  made  with  little 
expense,  which  would  o])en  a  water  communi- 
cation between  the  Great  Lakes  and  tlic  Mis- 
sissippi, tiirough  the  Illinois.  Half  a  mile  from 
the  mouth  of  the  Chicago,  is  Fort  Dearborn. 

CHICAPEE,  r.  Mass.  which  rises  in  Wor- 
cester CO.  and  runs  SW.  into  the  Connecticut, 
in  the  N.  part  of  Springfield. 

CHICCAMAGGA,  r.  Ten.  which  runs  into 
the  Tennessee,  6  ni.  above  the  whirl. 

CHICHESTER,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.  IT.  45 
m.  NW.  from  Portsmouth.    Pop.  1,084. 

CHICKAPEE,  V.  in  the  SE.  part  of  Hamp- 
den CO.  Mass.  95  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Boston. 

CHICKAMAUGAH  CREEK,  r.  which 
rises  in  Georgia,  runs  through  a  part  of  Cher- 
okee country,  and  flows  into  the  Tennessee,  a 
few  miles  above  Lookout  mountain.  A  dis- 
trict of  country  through  which  it  flows  is  call- 
ed by  the  same  name,  and  contains  tlie  new 
missionary  station,  Brainerd. 

CHICKASAW,  r.  Indiana,  which  runs  into 
the  Wabash,  below  Vincennes. 

CHICKASAW,  r,  in  the  NW.  part  of  Ten. 
which  runs  W.  into  the  Mississippi. 

CHICKASAW  BLUFFS,  four  in  number, 
on  the  E.  side  of  the  Mississippi,  in  Mis.  The 
upper  bluff"  is  176  m.  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Ohio ;  it  is  between  200  and  300  feet  high,  and 
extends  2  m.  on  the  river.  The  other  three 
occur  at  the  successive  distances  of  11,  21  and 
32  m.  apart. 

CHICKASAWHAY,  v.  Mississippi,  50  m. 
W.  from  St.  Stephens. 

CHICKASAWHAY,  r-  Mis.  which  flows  S. 
near  E.  side  of  the  state,  and  joins  the  Pasea- 
goula,  about  40  m.  from  its  mouth. 

CHICKIiOAMINY,  r.  Va.  which  rims  into 
the  James  r.  6  m.  NW.  from  Jamestown.  It 
is  navigable  for  lioats  30  m. 

CHICKISALUNGO,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into 
the  Susquehannah,  a  little  above  Columbia. 

CHIDLEY,  cape,  on  the  NE.  coast  of  lia- 
brador,  has  Davis'  Straits  NE.  and  the  bay  of 
Ungava  SW.  liOn.  from  W.  12°  10'  E. ;  lat. 
60°  12'  N. 

CHIFUNCTE,  r.  La.  in  St.  Tammany,  has 
its  source  in  the  N.  part  of  that  parish,  flowing 
SSE.  50  m.  falls  into  lake  Ponchartrain  N.  from 
New  Orleans.  There  is  wat6r  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Chifuncto  sufficient  to  admit  vessels 
drawing  6  or  7  feet,  as  far  as  the  mouth  of  the 
Bogue  Falaya. 

CHIGNECTE,  bay  of  Nova  Scotia,  the 
NW.  arm  of  the  bay  of  Fundy. 

CHIHEMECOMET,  or  Chickminock-cumi. 
nock.,  island,  on  the  coast  of  N.  C.  near  Roan- 
oke Island. 

CHIHUAHUA,  state  of,  one  of  the  states 
of  the  republic  of  Mexico,  bounded  by  Duran- 
go,  Sonoray  Sinaloa,  and  Coahuilu  y  Texas. 
Capital,  Cliihualiua.    N.  lat.  28°  and  Ion.  28° 


W.  from  W.  intersect,  according  to  Tanner's 
map  of  Mexico,  about  75  m.  SW.  from  the  city 
of  Chihuahua.  A  very  great  deficiency  of 
water,  is  the  most  serious  impediment  to  the 
general  population  of  this  part  of  America,  and 
is  one  of  the  many  traits  of  resemblance  be- 
tween  central  N.  America  and  central  Asia. 
The  seasons  of  what  was  the  Provincias  In. 
ternas,  now  tlic  northern  states  of  Mexico, 
have  winters  of  excessive  rigor,  even  more  so 
than  can  be  accounted  for,  citlier  from  latitude 
or  elevation  of  surface. 

CHIHUAHUA,  city,  capital  of  the  state  of 
the  same  name,  in  the  republic  of  Mexico,  gjt. 
uated  near  the  river  Conchos,  a  branch  of  Rio. 
grand-del  Norte,  in  the  province  of  New  Bis- 
cay. It  is  the  capital  of  the  Internal  Prov. 
inccs,  and  environed  by  some  very  rich  mines. 
Pop.  12,000.  Lat.  28°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  27°  20' 
W.  from  W. 

CHILESBURG,  v.  CaroUnc  co.  Va.  68  m. 
S.  from  W. 

CHILI,  t.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  between  Black 
creek  and  Genesee  river,  10  m.  SW.  from  Ro- 
chester,   Pop.  2,010. 

CHILLICOTHE,  t.  and  cap.  Ross  co.Oliio, 
and  the  second  town  in  size  in  the  state,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Scioto,  45  m.  in  a  direct  line, 
and  70  by  water  from  its  mouth,  45  m.  S.  from 
Columbus,  70  SW.  from  Zanesvillc,  93  E.  by  N, 
from  Cincinnati.  Lon.  5°  20' W.  fromW.; 
lat.  39°  14'  N.  Pop.  2,846.  It  is  laid  out  on 
an  elevated  plain  between  Paint  creek  and  t)ie 
Scioto.  The  streets  are  spacious,  and  cross 
each  otlier  at  right  angles.  It  contains  a  court- 
house and  jail,  a  market-house,  2  printing-offi- 
ces, 3  banks,  including  tlie  branch  bank  of  the 
United  States,  3  houses  of  public  worship,  1 
for  Presbyterians,  1  for  Seceders,  and  1  for 
Methodists,  and  an  academy.  In  the  town 
and  vicinity  are  many  valuable  mills  ond  man- 
ufactories. The  situation  is  favorable,  and 
every  way  delightfiJ ;  but  yet  it  did  not  flour- 
ish, until  the  grand  canal  was  cut  through  the 
town,  since  which  it  has  received  a  new  iin- 
pidse  towards  prosperity,  promising  that  it  will 
attain  the  importance  to  which  its  fortunali 
position  entitles  it.  In  the  midst  of  this  town 
formerly  stood  one  of  the  most  interestinp 
mounds  of  the  cone-shaped  form.  In  levelling 
it  for  the  purpose  of  building  lots,  great  quan- 
tities of  human  bones  were  found  in  it. 

CIHLIJSQUAQUE,  or  C/tilisguage,  town. 
Northuml)erland  co.  Pa.  It  lies  between  the 
E.  and  W.  branches  of  the  Susquehannah,  and 
is  watered  by  a  river  of  the  same  name,  which 
flows  into  the  W.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah, 
6  m.  above  Northumberland. 

CHILMARK,  t.  Duke's  co.  Mass,  on  SW. 
end  of  Martha's  Vineyard,  12  m.  W.  by  S.  from 
Edgartown,  90  S.  from  Boston.     Po}).  691. 

CHILNUCOOK,  or  Grand  Lake,  lake,  Mc 
at  the  head  of  the  St  Croix. 

CHILO,  v.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  95  m.  SW 
from  Columbus. 

CHILPANZINCO,  city  of  Mexico,  situated 
on  the  S.  slope  of  Analuae,  3,542  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  ocean,  surrounded  by  beautiful 
fields  of  wheat  and  orchards,  on  tJie  road  from 


CHI-CHO 


235 


)rding  to  Tanner's 
,  SW.  from  the  city 
reat  deficiency  of 

impediment  to  tiie 
art  of  America,  and 
of  resemblance  be- 
I  and  central  Asia. 

the  Provinrm  In- 
,  states  of  Mexico, 
rigor,  even  more  so 

citlier  from  latitude 

ipital  of  the  state  of 
ublic  of  Mexico,  sit- 
108,  a  branch  of  Rio- 
rovince  of  New  Bis- 
(f  the  Internal  Prov- 
ame  very  rich  mines. 
50'  N. ;  Ion.  27°  20' 

iroline  oo.  Va.  68  m. 

N.  Y.  between  Black 
10  m.  SW.  from  Ro- 

nd  cap.  Ross  co,  Oliio, 
ize  in  the  state,  on  the 
15  m.  in  a  direct  line, 
I  mouth,  45  m.  S.  from 
Zane8villc,93E.by>. 
.5°  20' W.  fromW,; 
46.    It  is  laid  out  on 
n  Paint  creek  and  tiie 
spacious,  and  cross 
!8.  It  contains  a  court- 
-house,  2  printing-oiS- 
he  branch  bank  of  the 
of  public  worship,! 
Seceders,  and  1  for 
idemy.     In  the  town 
iluable  mills  and  man- 
on   is  favorable,  and 
ut  yet  it  did  not  flour- 
il  was  cut  through  the 
IS  received  a  new  im- 
,  promising  that  it  will 
o  which  its  fortunatf 
the  midst  of  this  town 
the   most  intercstini: 
Kidform.    Inlevellin? 
Iding  lots,  great  quan- 
ere  found  in  it. 
or  Chilisguage,  town. 
It  lies  between  the 
he  Susquehannah,an(l 
the  same  name,  whieh 
ofthcSusquehannah, 

land. 

te's  CO.  Mass.  onS"- 

■d,12m.W.byS.from 

Boston.    Pop.  691. 

•rand  Lake,  lake,  Me. 
roix. 

CO.  Ohio,  95  m.  SW 

ity  of  Mexico,  situated 
ic,  3,542  feet  above  tlu- 
•rounded  by  beautiful 
arde,  on  tiie  road  from 


Mexico  to  Acapulco.    Lat.  l?"^  40'  N. ;  Ion. 
22°  20'  W.  from  W. 

CHIMALAPA,  small  river  of  Mexico,  in 
Oajaca,  which  flows  S.  into  the  Gulf  of  Tchu- 
anteiwc. 

CHINA,  t  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  25  m.  NE. 
from  Hallowcll.  Pop.  2,234.  It  contains  an 
iicademy,  a  social  library,  and  2  houses  of  pub- 
lic worship,  1  for  Baptists,  and  1  for  Friends. 
It  was  taken  firom  Harlem,  Fairfax,  and  Wins- 
low,  in  1818. 

CHINA,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.    Pop.  2,387. 

CHINA  GROVE,  t.  Georgetown  district, 
S.  C.  461  m.  from  W. 

CHINCIIANCHI,  V.  Mexico,  10  m.  N.  from 
Merida. 

CHINE,  La,  v.  L.  C.  on  the  island  of  Mon- 
treal,  7  m.  above  the  city.  It  is  tiic  centre  of 
all  the  commerce  between  Upper  and  Lower 
Canada.  Here  the  boats  of  the  N.  W.  company 
commence  their  voyage  for  the  interior  coun- 
try of  America.  It  is  intended  to  cut  a  canal 
from  La  Chine  to  Montreal,  by  which  a  direct 
communication  with  the  city  will  be  opened, 
and  the  diilicult  passage  of  the  rapid  of  St. 
Louis  avoided. 

CHINGOTEAGUE,  small  isL  in  the  Atlan- 
tic,  near  tlie  coast  of  Virginia.  Lon.  75°  20' 
W.;  lat.  37°  46' N. 

.  ■  IN&OTEAGUE  INLET,  narrow  chon- 
n»  t.'i  two  islands,  near  the  coast  of  Vir- 

r.  a;'  .  75°  42'  W. ;  lat.  27°  52'  N. 

■^"^    '■■  oOK,  r.  N.  America,  which  flows 
into  the  Columbia,  near  its  mouth. 

CHINNOOK  INDIANS,  N.  A.  on  the  Chin- 
nook  and  Columbia-    Na  400. 

CHIPOOK  CREEK,  r.  Virginia,  which  runs 
into  James  river. 

CHIPPEWAN,  mountains  of  N.  America. 
This  great  chain  is  the  principal  spine  of  that 
continent,  and  by  various  names,  extends  from 
the  isthmus  of  Darien  to  the  Frozen  ocean, 
through  60°  of  latitude,  or  4,150  m.  In  Mex- 
ico, it  is  known  by  the  general  term  Anahuac. 
Farther  N.  the  Spaniards  designate  it  as  tlic 
mountains  of  New  Mexico.  In  the  U.  S.  it  is 
known  as  the  Rocky  mountains.  In  Cabotia, 
.or  British  America,  by  its  true  native  name 
Chippewan,  or  Chippewyan.  In  Mexico  and 
Guiitimala,  it  rises  into  volcanic  summits,  ele- 
vated far  above  the  regions  of  perpetual  snow. 
Popocatepetl,  Citlaltepetl,  or  Peak  d'Orizaba, 
Pico  Frailes,  and  Coffrede  Perote,  all  rise  above 
13,500  feet  In  the  U.  S.  the  elevation  of  tliis 
chain  remains  undetermined,  but  must  be  con- 
siderable, from  the  length  and  rapidity  of  the 
streams  flowing  from  its  opposite  sides. 

CHIPPEWAY,  smaU  r.  or  creek,  Lincoln 
CO.  U.C.  falls  into  Niagara  river,  at  tlie  village 
of  Chippeway. 

CHIPPEWAY,  v.  Lincoln  co.  U.  C.  on  Ni- 
agara r.  10  m.  above  Queenston,  2  above  Ni- 
agara foils.  Chippeway  creek  runs  into  the 
Niagara  at  this  place.  The  battle  of  Chippe- 
way, July  5,  1814,  was  fought  in  the  plain,  on 
the  S.  side  of  this  creek. 

CHIPPEWAY,  t.  Beaver  co.  Pa. 

CHIPPEWAY,  r.  NW.  Territory,  runs  into 


the  Missinsippi  ut  lake  Pepin,  in  lon.  93°  54' 
W. ;  lat.  43^  45'  N.  There  is  a  short  portage 
between  this  river  and  tlic  Montreal,  a  water 
of  Lake  Superior. 

CHIPPEWAY,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  12  m. 
NE.  from  Wooster. 

CHIPPEWAYS,  or  Sauteurs,  Indians,  one 
of  the  most  numerous  and  powerful  tribes  in 
N.  America.  About  5,700  of  them  dwell  on 
Saganaw  bay,  in  Michigan  Territory ;  the  re- 
mainder are  scattered  in  petty  bands  along  the 
N.  border  of  the  U.  S.  Tliey  maintain  a  per- 
pctual  war  with  the  Sioux. 

CHIPPEWYAN,  Fort,  N.  America,  at  the 
SW.  end  of  Atliapcscow  lake.  Lon.  111°  W.; 
lat.  58^  40'  N. 

CHISHOLM'S  STORE,  t.  Montgomery 
CO.  N.  C.  130  ni.  SW.  from  Kalcigh. 

CHISWELL,  isles  otT  the  NW.  coast  of  N. 
America,  group  lying  near  the  mainland,  be- 
tween  cape  Elizabeth  and  Montague  island. 
Lon.  from  W.  71°  4'  W.;  lat.  59°  33'  N. 

CHITTENANGO,  t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  35 
m.  W.  from  Utica. 

CHITTENDEN,  co.  W.  side  of  Vt.  bound- 
ed N.  by  Franklin  co.  E.  by  Washington,  S.  by 
Addison,  W.  by  lake  Champlain.  Pop.  21,775. 
Chief  town,  Burlington. 

CHITTENDEN,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  30  m. 
NW.  from  Windsor.     Pop.  610. 

CHITTENHAM,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 

CHITTENINGO,  r.  N.  Y.  which  rises  in 
Cazenovia  and  runs  into  Oneida  lake ;  25  m. 
long. 

CHOCOLATE,  r.  NW.  Territory,  runs  in- 
to  lake  Superior,  21  m.  W.  from  La  Train  r. 

CHOCONUT,  creek,  Susquehannah  co.  Pa. 
flows  north-easterly  into  N.  York,  and  falls 
into  tlie  Susquehannah  river,  a  sliort  distance 
below  Chenango  Point. 

CHOCTAW,  r.  which  rises  in  Alabama,  and 
passes  through  West  Florida,  running  into 
St.  Rosa  bay. 

CHOCTAW,  or  Choctahatchee,  r.  Florida, 
which  rises  in  Alabama  and  discharges  its 
waters  into  St.  Rosa  Sound,  at  the  NE.  ex- 
tremity. 

CHOICE'S  STORE,  i.  Gwinnet  co.  Geo. ; 
146  m.  NW.  from  Milledgeville. 

CHOLULA,  city,  of  Mexico,  in  Puebla;  60 
m.  SE.  by  E.  from  Mexico.  Pop.  16,000.  Lat. 
19°  15'  N. 

CHOLULA,  ancient  republic  of  Mexico, 
corresponding  nearly  to  the  district  appertain- 
ing  to  the  present  city  of  Cholula. 

CHOMONCHOUAN,  lake,  Canoda ;  219 
m.  NW.  from  Quebec.  Lon.  75°  40'  W.  lat. 
39°  20'  N. 

CHONA,  ancient  pyramid  of  Mexico,  in 
Puebla.  It  is  177  feet  high.  Lon.  21°  20' W. 
from  W.  lat.  19°  2'  N. 

CHOPTANK,  r.  which  rises  in  Delaware, 
and  runs  tiirougli  Md.  into  Chesapeake  Bay, 
S.  of  Tilghman'fe  Island. 

CHOPUNNISH,  r.  Missouri  Territory,  a 
branch  of  the  Kooskooshee,  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains.     Lon.  113°  W.  lat.  46°  30^  N. 

CHOTA,  v.  Blount  co.  Ten. 


\m 


236 


CHO-CIN 


CHOWAN,  r.  N.  C.  formed  by  t)io  union 
of  3  rivers  in  the  state  of  Virgin  vi»  which  runs 
into  Albcmnrle  Sound. 

CHOWAN,  CO.  NE.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
6,688.  C^iicf  town,  Edcnton.  Lat.  36=>  10' 
N.  Ion.  0°  20  E.  from  W. 

CHRIST-CHURCH,  parisli  in  Charleston 
district,  S.  C. 

CHRISTIAN,  CO.  of  Ken.  on  Cumlwrland 
river  |  bounded  by  Tennessee  S.  Caldwell  SW. 
Hopkins  and  Muhlenberg  N.  and  Logan  E. 
Length  42,  mean  width  25  m.  ('hief  town, 
Hopkinsville.    Pop.  12,61)4. 

CHRISTIANA,  hundred,  in  N.  end  of  New- 
castle  CO.  Delaware.  Witliin  it  arc  the  towns 
of  Wilmington  and  Ncwpprt. 

CHRISTIANA,  r.  Delaware,  which  rises 
in  Pa.  unites  with  the  Brandywino,  and  flows 
into  the  Delaware.  It  is  navigable  for  vessels 
drawing  14  feet  of  water  to  Wilmington,  for 
those  drawing  9  feet  to  Newport,  and  for  those 
drawing  6  feet  to  Christiana-Bridge.    Length 

CHRISTIANA,  or  Christiana-Bridfre,  t. 
Newcastle  co.  Delaware,  on  the  Christiana; 
9  m.  SW.  from  Wilmington,  36  SW.  from 
Philadelphia,  100  from  W.  It  has  about  50 
houses. 

CHRISTIANSVILLE,  v.  Mecklenburg  co. 
Va.  on  the  Mohrrrin,  251  m.  from  W. 

CHRISTIAN  SOUND,  a  large  arm  of  the 
Pacific  ocean,  N.  of  C^ape  Decision.  Lon.  225° 
50'  E.  lat.  563  13'  N. 

CHRISTIANSBURG,t.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Montgomery  co.  Va.  40  m.  SW.  from  Fincas- 
tle,  and  220  SW.  by  W.  from  Richmond.  Lat. 
31^  14'  N.  lon.  3°  12'  W.  from  W. 

CHRISTOPHER,  Si.  or  St.  Kin\  one  of 
the  Leeward  Islands  in  the  W.  Indies,  60  m. 
W.  of  Antigua.  It  was  fbrmcrly  inliabited  by 
the  French  and  English ;  but,  in  1713,  it  was 
ceded  to  the  latter.  It  is  20  ni.  in  breadth, 
and  7  in  length,  and  has  high  mountains  in 
the  middle,  whence  rivulets  flow,  which  arc 
of  great  use  to  the  inhabitants.  It  was  taken 
by  tlie  French  in  1782,  but  restored  the  next 
year.     Basseterre  is  the  capital. 

CHUM  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
Uie  Chesapeake,  lon.  76°  14'  W.  lat.  39°  22'  N. 

CHUN'S  STORE,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ten. ;  200 
m.  E.  from  Murfreesborough. 

CHURCH  CREEK,  t.  Dorchester  co.  Md.; 
7  m.  SW.  from  C'ambridge. 

CHURCH  FORT,  on  Hudson's  Bay,  at  the 
mouth  of  Cinirch-hill  river.  Lat.  59'  N.  lon, 
17°  W.  from  W. 

CHURCH  HILI,,  v.  Abbeville  district,  S.  C 

CHURCH  HILL,  v.  Spartanburg  district, 
S.  C. ;  544  m.  from  W. 

CHURCH  HILL,  t.  Queen  Ann's  co.  Md. ; 
9  m.  NE.  from  Centreville,  85  SW.  from  Phil- 
adelphia,  80  from  W. 

CHURCHILL,  Cape,  in  Hudson's  Bay. 
Lon.  95°  5'  W.  lat.  58°  54'  N.* 

CHURCHILL  RIVER,  Missinnippi,  or 
English  River,  r,  N.  America,  which  falls  into 
Hudson's  Bay,  in  lat.  59°  N.  at  Churchill 
Fort. 

CHURCH  TRACT,  t  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y. 


CHURCH  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  Curri- 
tuck  Sound,  near  the  coast  of  N.  C. 

CHURCHTOWN,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.;  30 
m.  ENE.  from  Lancaster,  50  WNW.  Pliila- 
dclphia,  137  from  W. 

CHURCHVII.LE,  v.  Middlesex  co.  Va.;  80 
m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Richmond. 

CHYENNE,  or  Chayenne,  r.  La.  which  runs 
into  the  Missouri,  1,310  m.  from  the  Missis. 
sippi. 

CICERO,  t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  on  SW. 
side  of  Oneida  Lake ;  57  ni.  W.  from  Utica. 
Pop.  1,808. 

CINALOA,  formerly  a  province  of  Moxiro, 
but  now  forming  the  S.  part  of  the  intendciicy 
of  Sonora. 

CINALOA,  t.  Mexico,  on  Cinaloa  river, 
which  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  California.  Lat. 
25°  50'  N. 

CINCINNATI,  a  large  commercial  city  and 
capital  of  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  near  the  SW, 
corner  of  the  state,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Ohio 
: '  "IT,  20  m.  above  the  moutli  of  the  Great  Mi- 
ami, 93  W.  by  S.  from  Chillicothc,  175  NE. 
fronj  liouisville,  102  NNE.  from  Frankfort, 
465  IkjIow  Pittsburg  by  water.  Lon.  7^  2.V 
W.  from  W.  lat.  39°  6'  N.  It  is  regularly  i.iiil 
out,  in  a  pleasant  and  healthy  situation,  tJiu 
streets  crossing  each  other  at  right  angles. 
The  growth  of  Cinciimati  has  been  rajfid, 
almost  without  a  parallel.  In  1800,  the  jiopii- 
lation  was  500 ;  in  1810,  2,540 ;  in  1815,  it 
was  estimated  at  6,500 ;  in  1820,  it  was  9,6 1~\ 
and  in  1830,  it  was  26,515.  Its  position  is  a 
beautiful  vale,  twelve  miles  in  circumference 
created  by  an  eliptical  sweep  of  Ohio  hills. 
Such  of  these  eminences  as  have  not  been  liiid 
bare  by  the  unsparing  Jiand  of  progressive  im- 
provement, arc  beautifully  wooded  to  their 
summits ;  and,  by  the  swell  and  indentation  o!' 
their  waving  outline,  present  to  the  view  of  the 
bcholderthe  most  graceful  and  charming  fbrnis. 
F/om  the  summit  of  any  of  these  hills,  tlie 
town  is  distinctly  presented  to  the  eye,  and 
spreads  a  panoramic  map  of  exquisite  beauty 
and  variety.  Cinciimati  is  the  most  flourisli- 
ing  commercial  town  in  the  west,  except  New 
Orleans:  and  furnishes  perhaps  the  most  sig-' 
nal  example  of  that  spirit  and  capacity  for  ini- 
provement,  which  result  from  the  existence  of 
free  institutions,  and  are  destined  to  fill  the  Mis- 
sissippi valley  with  a  teeming  population.  Seven 
of  the  streets  are  66  feet  wide,  and  396  apart,  in- 
tersected by  streets  of  the  same  width  and  dis- 
tance at  right  angles.  One  entire  square,  and 
tlie  fraction  of  another,  are  reserved  in  central 
parts  of  the  city  for  public  buildings.  Th'' 
city  buildings  cover  an  irregular  area  nearest 
the  form  of  a  parallelogram.  The  central 
parts  ore  compactly  built  witli  houses  and 
stores  that  woidd  ornament  any  town.  The 
most  showy  quarters  are  Main,  Broadway,  and 
Fourth-street,  westward  from  its  intersection 
with  Main.  Pearl-street  nearly  completed, 
leading  from  the  lower  Market  to  VValnut-st. 
is  composed  of  uniform  buildings,  terminated 
by  a  magnificent  hotel,  five  stories  high,  and 
will  add  greatly  to  the  beauty  of  that  part  of 
the  city.     The  public  buildings  are  a  court- 


CIN— CIN 


237 


ill  isl.  in  Curri- 

r  N.  c. 

mster  co.  Pa. ;  30 
10  WNVV.  Phila- 

dlescx  CO.  Va. ;  80 

id. 

,  r.  La.  which  runs 

from  tiic  Missiii- 

0.  N.  Y.  on  S\V. 

1.  W.  from  Utica. 

'ovincc  of  Mexico, 
of  tiie  intendciicy 

Dn  Cinaloa  river, 
'  California.    Lut. 

mmcrcial  cit}'  and 
lio,  near  tlie  S\V. 
.  hank  of  the  Oliio 
I  of  the  Great  Mi- 
lillicothc,  175  NE. 
}.  from  Franktbri, 
ater.    Lon.  7="  2.V 
It  is  regularly  laid 
Ithy  situation,  tlio 
r  at  right  angles, 
i  has  been   rajrid, 
In  1800,  the  jwim- 
2,540 ;  in  1815,  it 
1820,  it  was  dfiii, 
Its  position  is  a 
in  circumference 
cep  of  Ohio  hills. 
have  not  been  l;uil 
of  progressive  im- 
wooded   to  tiieir 
and  indentation  of 
ito  the  view  of  the 
id  charming  form?. 
of  these  hills,  tlic 
;d  to  the  eye,  and 
if  exquisite  beauty 
the  most  flourish- 
west,  except  New 
haps  the  most  sii,'-' 
nd  capacity  for  ini- 
m  the  existence  of 
tined  to  fill  the  Mis- 
population.  Seven 
c,  and  396  apart,  in- 
ame  width  and  d\f- 
entire  square,  and 
reserved  in  central 
ic  buildings.    Tiv 
igular  area  nearest 
•am.    The   central 
witli  houses  and 
it  any  town.    The 
ain,  Broadway,  and 
jim  its   intersection 
nearly   completed, 
arket  to  VValnut-st. 
lildings,  terminated 
_s  stories  high,  and 
uty  of  that  part  of 
Idings  are  a  court- 


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^^j^^^^e^^X^'J^EWrORT 

CINCINNATI  AND  ITS  ENVIRONS. 


house,  jail,  four  market-houses,  one  of  them 
500  feet  in  length,  tlie  Ikzaar,  U.  S.  Branch 
Bank,  the  Cincinnati  College,  the  Catholic 
Athenffium,  the  Medical  College,  for  which  a 
second  spacious  and  commodious  building  is 
being  erected,  the  Mechanics'  Institute,  Thea- 
tre, and  a  second  one  now  being  erected,  two 
Museums,  the  Hospital  and  Lunatic  Asylum, 
and  the  Woodward  High  School  in  the  pro- 
gress of  erection.  Some  other  public  build- 
ings  arc  in  contemplation.  Beside  these,  there 
arc  24  churches,  great  and  small.  Of  these 
the  Second  Presbyterian  church  is  the  hand- 
somest, tlie  exterior  being  of  agreeable  archi- 
tecture, and  the  interior  decidedly  beautiful. 
The  Unitarian  church  is  a  singularly  neat  one. 
The  interior  of  the  Catholic  church  is  striking. 
The  first  and  third  Presbyterian  ciuirches  are 
spacious  buildings,  as  the  new  Methodist 
church  will  be  when  completed.  A  very  neat 
Baptist  church  is  nearly  completed.  Some  of 
the  (rther  churches  make  a  resjiectable  appear- 
ancc.  There  are  many  fine  blocks  of  stores 
on  Front  and  Main  streets,  and  the  eye  is 
arrested  by  many  beautiful  private  habitations. 
Architectural  taste  is  daily  becoming  more  en- 
lightened and  agreeable.  The  dull  red  of  the 
l>rick  walls  is  giving  way  to  more  pleasing 
shades  Iwtween  white  and  green ;  and  a  beau- 
tiful stucco  imitating  marble  and  granite  is 
getting  into  fashion.  The  number  of  substan- 
tial  buildings  added  aimually  to  the  city  for 
tliree  years  past  averages  450-  It  has  already 
l)ecome  a  great  manufacturing  town,  and  is 
constantly  becoming  more  so.  Our  limits  pre- 
clude details;  but  all  the  substantial  manu- 
factures known  in  our  country  are  carried  on 
to  a  greater  or  less  extent.  The  manufactures 
in  iron  are  very  great,  particularly  in  the  arti- 
cle of  heavy  castings,  and  all  sorts  of  machi- 
nery driven  by  steam.  Of  such  establishments 
there  are  9  or  10,  and  some  of  them  on  a  great 
scale.  The  next  most  extensive  article  is  cabi- 


net work.  Steam-boat  building  is  a  great 
item.  Hatting  is  pursued  to  a  great  extent. 
It  is  believed  that  the  city  contains  at  least  40 
tnanufiicturing  establishments  driven  by  steam. 
There  are  two  fire  companies,  and  34  charita- 
ble societies,  and  25  religious  societies,  in 
which  most  of  the  religious  opinions  of  Chris- 
tendom are  represented,  and  whoso  mutual 
watchfulness  of  each  other  educes  concord 
from  jealousy,  by  hindering  the  hurtful  pro- 
dominance  of  any  one  of  them,  and  enabling 
each  to  pursue  its  respective  interests  unmo- 
lested and  in  peace.  Though  the  imperfect 
filling  out  of  the  magnificent  plan  of  the  city, 
the  cumbering  of  the  streets  with  timber,  stone, 
bricks,  and  mortar,  and  the  inconvenience  of 
actual  building  present  an  image  of  crudcness 
and  immaturity,  it  needs  Uttle  spirit  of  prophe- 
cy to  predict  from  the  past  to  tlie  future,  that 
this  city,  which  will  be  shortly  central  to  more 
than  two  millions  of  inhabitants,  wliieh  pre- 
sents the  greatest  variety  of  models  in  the  the- 
ories and  imaginings  of  strangers  from  all 
parts  of  tlie  world,  wliich  evolves  the  germs  of 
emulation  and  rivalry  to  a  fault,  and  which 
alx)unds  in  provisions,  natural  wealth,  fuel, 
and  all  the  materials  of  building,  and  which  is 
moreover  a  healthy  town,  will,  in  the  course 
of  a  few  years,  vie  in  beauty  and  population 
with  the  first  towns  in  the  Union. 

The  buildings  of  the  Cincinnati  Manufac- 
turing Company,  on  the  bank  above  Deer 
creek,  arc  numerous  and  extensive  ;  the  main 
edifice  is  150  feet  long,  from  20  to  37  feet 
wide,  and  from  two  to  four  stories  high. 

The  most  capacious,  elevated  and  perma- 
nent building  in  this  place,  is  the  Steam  Mill, 
erected  in  the  years  1812,  '13,  and  '14  on  tlie 
river  beach,  upon  a  bed  of  horizontal  lime-stone 
rocks,  and  in  high  floods  is  for  its  whole 
length  exposed  to  the  current  The  founda- 
tion is  62  by  87  feet,  and  about  10  feet  thick. 
Its  height  is  110  feet,  and  the  number  of  sto- 


it  * 


238 


CIN— CLA 


1 1 '       (1 


ries  9,  includinj;  2  above  tlio  caves.  To  the 
height  of  40  feet,  the  wall  is  Imltered  or 
drawn  in;  abo/c,  it  is  perpendieular.  Tlie 
cornice  in  of  brick,  and  the  roof  of  wood,  in  the 
common  style.  It  has  24  doors  and  90  win- 
dows. The  lime-stonc  with  which  it  was  built 
was  quarried  at  various  places  in  the  bed  of 
the  river,  and  measures  in  the  wall  6,020 
perches.  Besides  this,  it  swallowed  up  90,000 
bricks,  14,800  bushels  of  lime,  and  81 ,200  cubic 
feet  of  timber.  Its  weight  is  estimated  at 
15,65.5  tons.  Through  tlie  building  there  is  a 
wall  dividing  each  story  into  two  unequal 
apartments,  the  one  designed  for  manufactur- 
ing flour,  the  other  for  receiving  wool  and  cot- 
ton machinery,  a  flax-seed  oil-mill,  fulling-mill, 
and  several  other  machines. 

CINCINNATUS,  t.  Cortlandt  co.  N.  Y.; 
14  m.  SE.  from  Homer,  140  W.  from  Albany, 
354  from  W.    Valuable  iron  ore  is  found  here. 

CINTHIANA,  t.  and  cap.  Harrison  co.  Ken. 
on  a  branch  of  the  Licking  river,  13  m.  N. 
from  Paris,  24  N.  from  Lexington.    Pop.  in 
.  1810, 369.  It  contains  a  bank,  academy,  court- 
house, and  jail. 

CIRCLEVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice  in 
Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  on  the  E.  side  of  Scioto 
river,  in  Ion.  5°  5',  W.  from  W.  lat.  39°  36' 
N.  26  m.  below  Columbia.  Pop.  1,136.  It 
derives  its  name  from  some  ancient  works  in 
a  rude  circular  form,  on  the  site  of  which  it  is 
situated.  The  adjacent  country  is  amongst 
the  most  fertile  of  the  Ohio  valley. 

CITY  POINT,  v.  Prince  George  co.  Va. 
on  the  S.  side  of  James  river,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Appomatox ;  100  m.  above  Hampton 
Roads,  12  E.  from  Petersburg,  25  SE.  from 
Richmond,  158  from  W.  Lon.  77°  32'  W. 
lat.  37°  IS'  N.  James  river  is  navigable  to 
this  place  for  large  ships,  which  come  up  here 
to  load. 

CLACK AMUS,  r.  Oregon  Territory,  joins 
the  Wallaumut. 

CLAIBORNE,  co.  Ten.  between  Clinch 
and  Powell's  rivers;  bounded  by  Va.  N.  by 
Hawkins  co.  Ten.  E.  Clinch  river,  or  Granger, 
and  Knox  SE.  and  Powell's  river,  or  Camp- 
bell, NW.  Length  40  m.  mean  width  10. 
Chief  town,  Tazewell.     Pop.  8,470. 

CLAIBORNE,  co.  Miss. ;  bounded  NW.  by 
Mississippi  and  Big-black  rivers,  and  S.  by 
Jefierson.  Length  32  m.  mean  width  12. 
Chief  town,  Gibson-port.     Pop.  9,818. 

CLAIBORNE,  Fort,  t.  on  the  left  bank  of 
Alabama  river,  in  Monroe  co.  Ala.  at  the  head 
of  schooner  navigation,  25  m.  E.  from  Yea  &i 
Stephens. 

CLAIR,  St.  a  lake  of  N.  America,  between 
the  lakes  Huron  and  Erie,  90  m.  in  circum- 
ference. It  receives  the  waters  of  the  lakes 
Superior,  Michigan,  and  Huron,  and  also  of 
the  river  Thames,  from  U.  Canada,  in  the  lat. 
of  42°  32'  N.  and  discharges  them,  through 
the  strait  called  Detroit,  into  the  lake  Erie. 

CLAIR,  St.  a  county  in  the  state  of  Illinois, 
the  W.  side  of  which  borders  on  the  Missis- 
sippi river,  in  lat.  38°  30'  N.  Pop.  7,092.  Chief 
town,  Belleville. 


CLAREM<JNT,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  H.  on  i:. 
side  of  tlie  Connecticut;  11  m.  N.  by  E.  from 
(^harlestown,  24  N.  from  Walpole,  25  S.  by  W. 
from  Dartmoutli  College,  47  W.  by  N.  from 
C^oncord,  466  from  W.  Pop.  2,526.  The 
principal  village  is  pleasantly  situated  on  Su- 
gar river,  4  m.  E.  of  the  Connecticut,  and  con- 
tains 2  handsome  meeting-houses,  1  for  Con- 
grcgationalists,  and  1  built  jointly  by  Mctho- 
dists  and  Universalists,  a  paper-mill,  and  seve- 
ral other  valuable  mills.  There  is  an  Episco- 
pal church  2.J  m.  W.  of  this  village. 

CLARENCE,  or  Willink,  t.  Niagara  co. 
N.  Y.  on  the  Tonnewanta ;  280  m.  VV.  from 
Albany,  412  from  W. 

CLARENCE,  Duke  of,  straits,  on  the  NW. 
coast  of  N.  America,  between  Duke  of  York 
and  Prince  of  Wales  Islands ;  and  between 
Prince  of  Wales  Island  and  Point  Barry.  Lon. 
56°  W.  from  W.  lat.  56^  30'  N. 

CLARENDON,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.30  m.  W. 
from  Windsor.    Pop.  1,585. 

CLARENDON,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  13  m. 
W.  from  Rochester,  S.  from  Erie  canal,  and 
SE.  from  Batavia. 

CLARIDON,  V.  Geauga  co.  Ohio;  270  m. 
NE.  from  Columbus.    Pop.  588. 
CLARK,  t.  Clinton  eo.  Ohio. 
CLARK,  t.  Brown  co.  Ohio. 
CLARK,  CO.  II.  on  the  waters  of  Kaskaskia 
and  Little  Wabash.    Pop.  in  1820,  931 ;  in 
1830,  3  d40. 

CLARK,  CO.  Ark.  boundaries  and  area  iin- 
certain.    Pop.  in  1820, 1,040 ;  in  1830, 1,369. 
CLARK,  C.  H.  Clarke  co.  II.  110  m.  NE 
from  Vandalia. 

CLARKE,  C.  H.  Clarke  co.  Ark.  75  m.  from 
Little  Rock. 

CLARKE,  CO.  In.  bounded  by  the  Ohio  r. 
SE.,  Harrison  SW.,  Washington  W.  and  NW,, 
Jennings  N.,  and  Jefferson  NE.  Chief  town, 
Charleston.    Pop.  1320,  8,079 ;  1830, 10,719. 

CLARKE,  CO.  Ken.  bounded  by  Kentucky  r. 
N.,  Madison  and  Fayette  SW.,  Bourbon  NW., 
Montgomery  NE.,  and  Estill  SE. ;  length  2,') 
m. ;  mean  width  8.  Cliief  town,  Winchester. 
Pop.  in  1820, 11,449 ;  in  1830,  13,052. 

CLARKE,  eo.  Geo.  bounded  by  Jackson 
NW.,  Madison  NE.,  Oglethorpe  E.,  Greene  S., 
and  Morgan  SW. ;  length  21  m. ;  mean  width 
11.  Chief  town,  Athens.  Pop.  in  1820,  8,807; 
in  1830,  iv/,176,  of  whom  4,738  were  people 
of  color. 

CLARKE,  CO.  Ala.  bounded  W.  by  Tombig- 
bee  river,  N.  by  Marengo,  and  E.  by  Monroe. 
Chief  town,  Jackson.  Pop.  in  1820,  5,839; 
in  1830,  7,584. 

CLARKESBOROUGH,  Jackson  co.  Geo. 
on  a  branch  of  Oconee  river,  10  m.  S.  from 
Jefferson. 

CLARKSBURG,  t.  Berkshire  eo.  Mass.  on 
Hoosack  river,  33  m.  NNW.  from  Lenox.  Pop. 
in  1820,274;  in  1830,  315. 

CLARKSBURG,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Md.  on 

the  road  from  Washington  city  to  Frederick- 

town,  25  m.  from  the  former,  and  15  from  the 

latter  place. 

CLARKSBURG,  t.  and  seat  of  justice  for 


CI-A— CLI 


239 


Ark.  75  m.  from 


^' 


Jjmery  co.  Md.  on 
lity  to  Frederick- 
1  and  15  from  the 


Hiirrison  CO.  Va.  oil  Uiti  rijrlit  hank  of  the  Mon- 
oneahcla,  40  nis.  SSVV.  from  Morgaiitown. 
Lat.  3!t°  18'  N.;  Ion.  from  W.  3°  20'  VV. 

CLARKSBURO,  v.  llabt>rslianico.Geo.  140 
m.  NW.  from  Aujjusta. 

(■LARKSBUR(i,  v.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  16  m. 
NW.  from  f 'hillicotlic. 

CIiARKSBUIJ(  i,  t.  and  spat  of  justice,  Lewis 
CO.  Ken.  on  a  creek  of  Ohio  river,  !25  ni.  by 
land  NNW.  from  Washintrlon,  Ken.  Lat.  38^ 
44' N.;  Ion.  from  \V.  0^  10'  W. 

CLARK'S  Ft)RK,  r.  oneof the  preat  brancli- 
es  of  the  Yellow-stone,  fiJls  into  that  stream 
Irotn  the  S.  about  100  ni.  above  the  mouth  of 
Bipliorn  river. 

CLAK  KSON,  t.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  Pop.  in 
1820,1,612;  in  18.30,  3,2.51. 

CLARK'S  RIVER,  tiie  great  middle  branch 
of  Columbia  r.  rises  in  tlic  Chippewan  moun- 
tains, interlocking  with  tlic  sources  of  the  Mis- 
souri, flows  SVV.  VV.  and  NW.  by  a  course  of 
alwut  800  m.  joins  Lewis'  river,  and  forms  tlie 
Columbia. 

CLARKSl'OWN,  t.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Rocyand  co.  N.  Y.  Pop.  in  1820,  l,g08;  in 
1830,  2,298. 

CLARKESVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Montgomery  co.  'i'en.  on  the  jwint  of  land 
formed  by  the  junction  of  Cumberland  and  Red 
rivers,  4j  m.  by  land  below  Nasiiville.  Lat. 
36°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  from  W.  10°  11'  W. 

CLARKESVILLE,  t.  Clarke  co.  In.  at  the 
lower  part  of  the  rapids  of  Ohio. 

CLARKSVILLE,  v.  Clinton  co.Ohio,  85  m. 
SW.  from  Columbus. 
CLARKSVILLE,  Greene  co.  Pa. 
CLARKSVILLE,  v.  Wayne  co.  Pa. 
CLARKSVILIiE,  v.  King  and  Queen  co. 
Va.  50  ms.  NE.  from  Richmond. 

CLARKSVILLE,  v.  Habersham  co.  Geo. 
140  m.  N.  from  Milledgeville. 

CLARKSVILIiE,  v.  Pike  co.  Miso.  on  Mis- 
sissippi r.  83  m.  NNW.  from  St.  Charles,  and 
93  NNW.  from  St.  Louis. 

CLARKSVILLE,  v.  Clark  co.  Ala.  12  m. 
NE.  from  St.  Stephens. 

CLAVERACK,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
in  1820,  2,813 ;  in  1830,  3,000.  The  village 
of  the  same  name  is  situated  5  m.  E.  from 
Hudson. 

CLAY,  CO.  Ken.  on  the  head  waters  of  Cum- 
berland and  Kentucky  r.  bounded  by  Knox  co. 
SE.,  Rockcastle  W.,  Madison,  Estill,  and  Floyd 
E. ;  length  50  m.  mean  widtli  about  40,  area 
2,000  sq.  ms.  Chief  town,  Manchester.  Pop. 
in  1820,  4,393 ;  in  1830,  3,540. 

CLAY,  C.  H.  Clay  co.  Miso.  286  m.  up  the 
Missouri  r.  above  St.  Charles,  and  300  from 
St.  Louis. 

CLAY-PONDS,  light-house,  on  Cape  Cod, 
Massachusetts. 

CLAYSVILLE,  v.  Washington  co.  Pa.  on 
the  U.  S.  turnpike  road,  10  m.  W.  from  the 
borough  of  Washington,  20  E.  from  Wheeling. 
This  village  contains  30  houses,  in  one  street 
along  the  road. 

CLAYSVILLE,  v.  Harrison  co.  Ken.  48  m. 
NE.  from  Frankfort. 


CLAYTON,  t.  Perry  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  E.  from 
Somerset.     Po|).  007. 
('LAYTON'S  STORE,  v.  Campbell  co.  Va. 
CLAYTONVILLE,  v.  Raburn  co.  Geo.  160 
m.  NNW.  from  Milledgeville. 

CLEAR  CREEK,  Ohio,  empties  into  the 
Miami  from  the  E.  below  Franklin. 

CLEAR  CREEK,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  9  m. 
SW.  from  Ijancaster.    Pop.  1,174. 

CLEAR  CREEK,  t.  Warren  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
2,444. 

CLEAR  CREEK,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  309. 

CLEARFIELD,  co.  in  the  central  part  of 
Pa.  on  a  creek  which  runs  into  the  W.  branch 
of  the  Susquchannah.  Pop.  in  1820,  2,342; 
in  1830,  4,803.    Chief  town,  Clearfield. 

CLEARFIELD,  t.  and  cap.  Clearfield  co. 
Pa.  situated  in  the  central  part  of  the  county, 
on  the  W.  branch  of  the  Susquchannah. 

CLERMONT,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  15  m.  below  Hudson,  45  below  Alba- 
ny.  Pop.  1,203.  The  elegant  country -scat  of 
the  late  Rol)crt  R.  Livingston  is  in  this  town. 

CLERMONT,  co.  SW.  part  of  Ohio,  on  the 
Ohio  r.    Pop.  20,466.    C'hief  town,  Batavia. 

CLEVELAND,  t.  and  cap.  Cuyahoga  co. 
Ohio,  on  the  mouth  of  Cuyahoga  r.  on  Lake 
Erie,  54  m.  NW.  from  Warren,  150  NE.  from 
Columbus,  60  E.  from  Sandusky,  180  W.  from 
Buffalo,  131  NW.  from  Pittsburg.  During  the 
late  war,  it  was  a  depot  of  provisions ;  and  a 
place  where  many  boats  and  lake  craft  were 
built ;  and  it  is  a  noted  point  of  embarkation 
on  the  lake.  It  is  a  growing  place,  having  4 
churches,  a  court-house,  jail,  an  academy,  180 
house^,  40  stores,  9  groceries,  6  taverns,  and 
1,200  inhabitants.  Lat.  41°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  from 
W.  4°  44'  W.  The  great  Ohio  canal  here  con- 
nects with  tlie  lake.  This  town,  intermediate 
between  Buffalo  and  Cincinnati,  and  the  depot 
of  tlic  vast  amounts  of  merchandise  destined 
E.  and  W.  will  not  fail  soon  to  become  an  im- 
portant town. 

CLEVES,  t.  King  George's  co.  Va.  on  the 
Rappahannock,  2  m.  N.  from  Port  Royal. 

CLEVES,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  at  the  N. 
bend  of  the  Ohio,  16  m.  W.  from  Cincinnati. 

CLIFFORD,  t.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa. 

CLINCH,  r.  Ten.  rises  in  Va.  and  running 
SW.  into  Tennessee,  unites  with  tlie  Holston 
at  Kingston  to  form  the  Tennessee  r.  It  is 
navigable  for  boats  200  m. 

CLINCH  MOUNTAIN,  Ten.  divides  the 
waters  of  Clinch  and  Holston  rivers. 

CLINTON,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  26  m.  N. 
from  Augusta.    Pop.  2,125. 

CLINTON,  CO.  in  the  NE.  part  of  N.  Y. 
bounded  N.  by  Can  ;i  da,  E.  by  Lake  Champlain, 
S.  by  Essex  co.  and  VV.  by  Franklin  co.  Pop. 
in  1820, 12,070;  in  H30,  19,344.  Chief  town, 
Plattsburg.  It  forms  the  NE.  boundary  of 
the  state. 

C;LINT0N,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson  r.  below  Hudson.     Pop.  2,130. 

CLINTON,  t.  Buckingham  co.  L.  C. 

CLINTON,  V.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  on  Oriskan- 
ny  creek,  9  m.  WSW.  from  Utica.    Hamilton 


210 


CU-COI. 


college,  neur  lliis  village,  was  iiicoiiiorutcd  in 
181S2,  and  Iroin  the  lik'rnl  HiipiKirt  {liveii  by 
piiblio  and  private  patronu^re,  is  a  flourisliiiiK 
iriHtitution.  It  is  under  the  direetioii  of  ;i  pres- 
ident, 3  professors,  and  2  tutors.  The  studies 
of  which  a  knowledge  is  necessary  in  order  to 
udniission  into  the  ireslunan  class,  are  Virgil, 
Cicero's  Select  Orations,  ( J  reck  Testament,  and 
Vulgar  Arithmetic.  The  following  is  the 
course  of  study :  1st  year,  Livy,  five  books, 
Adams'  Antiquities,  Cneca  Minora,  Gra-ca 
Majora,  Neilson's  Exercises,  Murray's  Gram- 
mar, Geography,  Arithmetic,  and  Algebra; 
Sd  year,  Gra;ca  Majora  continued,  Geography 
continued,  Cicero  de  Oratore,  Horace,  Euclid, 
Webber's  Mathematics,  and  Flint's  Surveying; 
3d  year,  Webber's  Mathematics  finished,  En- 
field's Philosophy,  Tacitus,  Homer,  Tyler's  El- 
ements of  History,  and  Chemistry ;  4tli  year, 
Duncan's  Logic,  Locke  on  the  Human  Under, 
standing,  I'lUey's  Moral  Philosophy,  Blair's 
Ijcctures,  and  Kaimes'  Elements  of  Criticism. 
For  tuition  each  student  pays  lor  tlie  first  two 
years  $21  per  annum,  for  the  other  two  years 
$30  j)er  annum,  room  rent  $9,  and  for  fward 
from  $1,75  to  $2.  Commencement  is  held  on 
the  4tli  Wednesday  of  August.  There  are  3 
vacations;  tlie  Ist,  from  connnenccment,  6 
weeks ;  the  2d,  from  tlic  2d  Wednesday  in 
January,  3  weeks ;  tlic  3d,  from  tlic  2d  Wed- 
nesday in  May,  4  weeks. 

CLINTON,  CO.  of  Lincoln,  U.  C.  on  Lake 
Ontario. 

CLINTON,  CO.  Ohio,  on  the  waters  of  Little 
Miami,  bounded  by  Warren  W.,  Greene  and 
Fayette  N.,  Clinton  E.,  Highland  SE.,  and 
Brown  S. ;  length  22  m.,  mean  widtli  18.  Chief 
town,  Wilmington.  Pop.  in  1820,  8,(585;  in 
1830,  11,292. 

CLINTON,  V.  Parke  co.  In.  on  the  right 
bank  of  Wabash  r.  Lat.  39°  40',  Ion.  from  W. 
10=  20'  W. 

CLINTON,  V.  Anderson  co.  Ten.  on  the 
right  bank  of  Clinch  r.  150  m.  a  little  N.  of  E. 
from  Murfreesborough.  Lat  36°  5',  Ion.  from 
W.  7°  12'  W. 

CLINTON,  V.  Samson  co.  N.  C.  about  70 
m.  S.  from  Raleigh. 

CLINTON,  V.  and  seat  of  justice,  Jones  co. 
Geo.  22  m.  W.  from  Milledgeville.  Lat.  33° 
I'N.;  Ion.  from  W.  6°  48' W. 

CLINTON  HOLLOW,  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 
is  situated  between  the  townships  of  Rhine- 
beck  and  Poughkeepsie,  and  lies  along  Hudson 
river.  The  post-office  is  90  m.  S.  from  Albany. 

CLINTONVILLE,  v.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y. 
145  m.  a  little  N.  of  W.  from  Albany. 

CLYDE,  r.  of  Orleans  co.  Vt.  which  falls 
into  Lake  Memphremagog,  at  its  SE.  corner. 

CLYDE,  V.  on  tlie  great  western  canal,  in 
Seneca  co.  N.  Y.  18  m.  NE.  from  Geneva,  and 
25  NW.  from  Auburn. 

CLYDE  RIVER,  of  N.  Y.  formed  by  the 
outlet  of  Canandaigua  Lake,  and  Mud  creek. 
These  two  latter  unite  at  Lyons,  in  Wayne  co. 

CLYMER,  t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y. 

COALMINES,  V.  Chesterfield  co.  Va. 

COALSxMOUTH,  v.  Kcnhawa  co.  Va. 


COATESVILLE,  v.  Chest,  r  co.  V.i. 

CH)H1JL:SSEC0NTE,  r.  Kennebeck  co.  Me. 
is  iiirmed  of  two  braiiches  which  unite  in  Gar- 
diner, and  tiills  into  the  Kennebeck. 

COCIIRANVlLLi:,  ('hester  eo.  Pa. 

('(X'KE,  CO.  E.  Ten.  bounde.l  by  N.C.  SE., 
Sevier  and  Jetlerson  W.,  Jeficrson  N.,  (Jreene 
NE. ;  length  22  m.,  mean  width  17.  Chiif 
town,  Newport.  Pop.  ui  lb30,  4,892 ;  in  183U, 
ti,048. 

COnORUS,  t.  York  co.  Pa.  on  the  Codorus. 

COD'S  FERRY,  v.  Wabash  co.  II. 

COEYMANS,  t.  Albany  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  11  m.  below  Albany.    Pop.  2,723. 

COFFEY'S  FERRY,  v.  Pulaski  co.  Ken. 

COHANZY,  or  Ctcsarea  creek,  N.  J.  rises 
in  Salem  co.  and  passing  through  Cumbcrlojid 
CO.  fulls  into  Delaware  river  opjwsite  Bombay 
Hook.  It  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  100  tons 
to  Bridgeton,  20  m.  from  its  mouth. 

COM  ASSIST,  H-p.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  25  ni. 
E.  from  Dedlmm,  2.')  SE.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,229.  Coliasset  rocks,  which  have  been  fatul 
to  many  vessels,  lie  oli"  this  place,  3  m.  from 
tlic  shore. 

COITSVILLE,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  16  ni. 
SE.  from  Warren. 

COKALAHISKIT,  r.  Oregon  Ter.  rises  in 
tiie  Rocky  mountains,  and,  after  a  course  of 
about  300  m.  enters  Clark's  r.  a  branch  of  tlio 
Columbia,  in  Ion.  113°  W.,  lat.  about  47°  N. 

COLCHES-rER,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  on 
Lake  Champlain,  at  the  mouth  of  Onion  river, 
5  m.  N.  from  Burlington.    Pop.  1,489. 

COLCHESTER,  t.  New  London  co.  Ct.  1.1 
m.  W.  from  Norwich,  25  SE.  from  Hartford. 
Pop.  2,083.  Bacon  Academy,  in  this  town, 
was  founded  in  1801.  Its  funds  are  $30,000. 
It  is  a  flourishing  institution,  and  has  annually 
about  90  scholars.  'I'he  academy  building  is 
of  brick,  75  feet  by  34. 

COLCHESTER,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  21 
m.  S.  from  DeUii.     Pop.  1,424. 

COLCHESTER,  t.  Fairfax  co.  Va.  on  Oc 
coquani  creek,  4  in.  above  its  confluence  witli 
the  Potomac,  16  m.  SW.  from  Alexandria,  106 
N.  from  Richmond.  The  creek  is  navigable 
to  this  place  for  boats. 

COLD  CREEK,  Ohio,  runs  N.  and  falls  into 
Sandusky  bay,  a  little  W.  from  Sandusky.  Its 
source  is  a  large  spring  in  the  township  of 
Margaretta,  covering  an  acre  and  a  half  of 
ground.  A  number  of  mills  are  erected  on 
the  creek. 

COLDENHAM,  v.  in  Montgomery,  Orange 
CO.  N.  Y. 

COLD  SPRING,  V.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  at  Uie 
head  of  a  small  bay  of  Long  Island  Sound, 
and  38  m.  from  New  York. 

COLD  SPRING,  V.  Cape  May  co.  N.  J. 
COLD-SPRING  COVE,  near  Burlington, 
N.J. 

COLD-STREAM  MILLS,  v.  Hampshire 
CO.  Va. 

COLEBROOK,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  10  m.  N, 
from  Lancaster,  111  N.  from  Concord.    Pop. 
542. 
COLEBROOK,  t  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  18  m. 


I'll. 

fck  CO.  Mc, 
uite  ill  tJur. 

.  Ta. 

yN.C.SE., 

I  N.,  (■rcenu 

17.    Chiff 

'W;inlt!3U, 

the  Codorus. 
J.  11. 

i.  Y.  on  the 
op.  2,723. 
ski  CO.  Ken. 
k,  N.  J.  rises 
I  Cumberland 
Dsite  Bombay 
8  of  100  tons 
ith. 

p.  Mass.  2.')  ni. 
Hoston,  Fop. 
ave  been  fatal 
:c,  3  m.  from 

30.  Ohio,  16  ni. 

n  Ter.  rises  in 
iT  a  course  of 
I  branch  of  tlio 
about  47°  N. 
den  CO.  Vt.  on 
of  Onion  river, 
.  1,489. 
ndon  CO.  Ct.  1.^ 

from  Hartford, 
in  this  town, 

is  are  $30,000. 

id  has  annually 

my  building  is 

[e  CO.  N.  Y.  21 

CO.  Va.  on  Oc 
influence  witli 
klexandria,  106 
Lk  is  navigable 

ji.  and  falls  into 
Sandusky.  Its 
[le  township  of 
1  and  a  half  of 
are  erected  on 

|omery.  Orange 

po.  N.  Y.  at  tlie 
I  Island  Sound, 

■ay  CO.  N.  J- 
lar  Burlington, 

|v,  Hampshire 

.i.  H.  10  m.  N. 
lioncord.    Fop. 

CO.  Ct.  18  ni. 


CUl^COl. 


241 


NNE.  from  f-itcIifiL'ltl.  Po|).  1,'271.  Hen- ij--. 
iron-workH,  and  Hovcrul  mills  on  Still  rivor,  a 
water  of  Farmintjtoii  river. 

COLEBROOK    DALE,  t.  Berks  eo.  Pa. 
Pop.  1,046. 

COIjEUAINE,  t.  Frnnklin  co.  Mass.  5  m. 
N\V.  from  (ircontield.     Fop.  1,H77. 

COLERAIJSE,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.     Fop. 
1,088. 
COIiERAINE,  t.  Benie  co.  N.  C. 
COLERALNE,  v.  Camden  co.  Ceo.  on  the 
St.  Mary's  river,  30  tn.  above  St.  Mary's. 
COLERAINE,  t.  B.;(Ubrd  co.  Fa.  Fop.  986. 
COLERAINE,  t.  Ross.  coOhio,  15  m.  iNE. 
from  Chillieotho. 

COLERAINE,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Miami  river,  15  m.  above  its  junction  with  the 
Oliio. 

COLE  RIVER,  N.  II.  runs  into  Connecti- 
cut river,  at  VValpole. 

COLE  RIVER,  Va.  runs  into  the  Kcnhawa 
from  the  S. 

COLES,  V.  Woodford  co.  Ken.  13  m.  from 
Lexington. 
COLESVILLE,  v.  Windsor  eo.  N.  Y. 
COTiESVILLE,  v.  Chesterfield  co.  Va. 
COLIMA,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  inten- 
dcncy  of  Guadalaxara,  on  the  frontiers  of  Val- 
ladolid ;  it  is  seated  at  the  foot  of  a  volcanic 
mountain,  about  300  m.  due  W.  from  the  city 
of  Mexico,  upon  the  banks  of  a  small  river, 
about  30  m.  above  its  entrance  into  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  in  the  lat.  of  18^  40'  N.    The  inter- 
vcning  country  between  the  town  and  the  sea 
is  very  fertile.    Pop.  of  the  town,  about  2,500. 
COLLETON,  district  S.  C.  bounded  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  and  Charleston  district  SE., 
Beaufort  SW.,  Barnwell  andOrangeburgh  N  W. 
and  part  of  ('harleston  NE. ;  length  57  m., 
mean  width  30.    Staples,  rice,  cotton,  and  to- 
bacco.   Chief  town,  Waterborough.    Pop.  in 
1820,26,373;  in  1830,  27,256. 
COLLINSBURG,  Centre  co.  Pa. 
COLORADO,  or  Riviere  Rouge,  r.  La.  which 
runs  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  50  m.  below 
New  Orleans. 

COLUMBIA,  CO.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by 
Rensselaer  co.  E.  by  Massachusetts,  S.  by 
Dutchess  CO.  and  W.  by  tlie  Hudson.  Pop.  in 
1820,  38,330 ;  in  1830,  39,952.  Chief  town, 
Hudson 

COLUMBIA,  CO.  N.  part  of  Georgia.  Pop. 
12,606,  of  whom  8,135  are  blacks.  Chief 
town,  Applington. 
COLUMBIA,  District  of,  see  page  149. 
COLUMBIA,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  on  E.  side 
of  the  Connecticut,  19  m.  N.  from  Lancaster, 
570  from  W.    Pop.  442. 

COLUMBIA,  t  Washington  co.  Maine,  on 
Pleasant  River,  18  m.  SW.  from  Machias,  332 
NE.  from  Boston,  757  from  W.  Lat  44°  39' 
N.    Pop.  663. 

COLUMBIA,  t  Windham  co.  Ct.  9  m.  W. 
from  Windham,  354  from  W.    Pop.  1,000. 
COLUMBIA,  V.  St  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 
COLUMBIA,  t  Sussex  co.  N.  J.,  on  E.  side 
of  the  Delaware,  20  m.  above  Easton. 
COLUMBIA,  ca  Pa.,  formed  from  a  part 
2F 


i'op, 


of  Northunihtrland  co.  (^liief  town,  Danville, 
in  INJO,  17,621;  in  1K1(\2(MH!). 
Ct)LUMlUA,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Fn.,  on  E. 
side  of  the  Sns']ii('haiin,ih  ;  U)  rn.  W.  from  Lnn- 
euster,  12  E,  from  York,  72  \V.  from  Fhil.iilcl- 
phia,  !l^  i'roiii  \V.  It  is  a  pk'asunt  and  flourisli- 
lug  town,  and  lias  coiisidrriible  trade,  chielly 
in  luiiiljer.  It  contains  a  bonk,  and  3  iioiises 
of  public  worship,  1  lor  English  Fresljytfrians, 
1  lor  (ierman  Presbyterians,  and  1  tor  Metho- 
dists. A  large  prii|Mirtion  of  the  houses  are 
liaiidsoiiic'ly  built  witii  brick.  Here  is  erected 
aeroHs  tiie  Susquehinniili  an  excellent  covered 
bridirc,  1  i  mile  in  length,  which  cost  230,000 
doUurs. 

COLUMBIA,  t.  Fluvanna  co.  Vn.,  on  N. 
side  of  James  River,  at  the  jimcl.ion  of  the  Ri- 
vanna ;  .55  m.  WNVV.  iroin  liieimiond,  151  m. 
from  W.    It  has  considerable  trade  in  tobacco. 
C(JLUMBIA,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  on  tlio 
Ohio,  at  the  contlux  of  tiie  liittle  Miami ;  5  m. 
E.  troiii  Cincinnati,  507  from  VV. 
COLUMBIA,  t  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio. 
COLUMBIA,  t  Tvrrel  eo.  N.  C. 
C;OLUMBIA,  t.  Richland  district,  S.  C.     It 
is  also  the  capital  of  the  state,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Congaree,  immediately  below  the  conflu- 
ence of  Broad  and  Saluda  rivers.     It  is  regu- 
larly  laid  out,  upon  ground  considerably  ele- 
vated  above  the  neighlwring  streams.     Boats 
of  large  draught  ascend  thus  high,  and  a  steam- 
boat has  recently  been  built,  intended  to  ply 
between  Columbia  and  Charleston.     Besides 
the  ordinary  buildings,  suitable  to  legislative 
and  judicial  proceedings,  and  for  religious  pi  - 
poses,  a  college,  under  the  title  of  "  the  S.  C. 
College,"  was  established  in  this  town  in  1801, 
under  the  direct  patronage  of  the  state.    It  has 
9  instructors,  and  above  100  students,  with  an 
excellent  library,  exceeding  6,000  volumes.    It 
is  indeed  one  of  the  most  flourishing  institu- 
tions in  the  U.  S. ;  SW.  from  the  Potomac. 

COLUMBIA,  or  Oregon  river,  one  of  the 
largest  rivers  in  N.  America,  which  waters  the 
new  territory  of  Oregon.  It  rises  in  the  Rocky 
mountains,  about  lat  55°  N.  and  running  SVV. 
falls  into  the  Pacific  ocean,  in  lat.  46°  15'  N. 
between  Cape  Disappointment  on  the  N.  and 
Point  Adams  on  the  S.  The  whole  length  of 
the  river  is  estimated  at  1500  m.  Its  princi- 
pal branches  are  the  Wallaunmt,  Ijcwis  r.  and 
Clarke's  r.  all  of  which  empty  on  the  SE.  side: 
the  first  125  m.  from  its  mouth,  the  second  413, 
and  the  third  about  600.  Vessels  of  300  tons 
may  ascend  the  Columbia,  as  far  as  tlie  mouth 
of  the  Wallanmut  The  tide  flows  up  183  m. 
and  large  sloops  may  ascend  this  distance. 
Seven  miles  further  up  the  navigation  is  inter- 
rupted by  the  great  rapids.  Above  the  rapida 
the  river  is  navigable  for  65  miles,  till  it  is  in- 
terrupted by  the  long  narrows,  and  6  miles 
further  up  by  the  falls.  Above  the  falls  there 
are  no  obstructions  for  150  miles,  to  the  mouth 
of  Lewis  river.  The  portages  around  the  great 
rapids,  long  narrows,  and  falls, are  in  all  5  miles. 
COLUMBIANA,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  by  Pa, 
E.,  .Tetferson  and  Harrison  S.,  Stark  W.,  and 
Portage  and  Trumbull  N.;  lengtli  30  m.  breadth 


24:i 


COM—CON 


r  t '  ^ 


I. 


30.  Surfiicooxtremely  broken  and  liilly,llu)ii;r|i 
the  Koil  JM  in  nioNt  |mrts  li-rtili.'.  'I'Iuh  cdiiiity 
abounds  in  iron  ore  und  inincrid  coal,  iiiid  willi 
cxcollcnt  mill  HtrciiniH.  C'liicl'lown,  New  Lis- 
bon.    Pop.  IHao,  5>a,();J3;  in  IH.'JO,  :J.5,50H. 

COLl'MHIANA,  t.  of  Colunilnanu  c.  Ohio, 
on  tht!  vvuUth  ol'  Great  Ikaver,  lU  m.  NxNU. 
from  New  liiHlion. 

COLUMHUH,  the  political  niotroiwlin  of 
Ohio,  and  very  nearly  the  gcofrrapliical  centre 
of  it.  It  ia  Hituated  on  the  enut  hunk  of  tiie 
Scioto  river,  in  the  centre  of  Frunkiin  county, 
and  occupieB  a  beautiful  slope,  just  below  th<- 
confluence  of  VVhelHtone  river  with  tiie  Seioto. 
It  was  a  compact  forest  in  iHlx!.  It  now  has 
a  number  of  rcHiwctahle  scIkxjIs,  a  claBsical 
seminary,  the  custoinnry  number  uf  stores,  a 
bonk,  four  printin^-ofliccH,  a  connnoilious  briek 
market-house,  a  statii-house,  a  buildin<r  for  the 
public  offices,  a  penitentiary,  and  an  asylum 
for  the  deaf  and  dumb.  The  stule-honst^  is  lH 
by  50  feet.  The  top  of  the  cupola  is  106  (let 
high.  Around  it  are  railed  walks,  from  which 
the  whole  town  is  visible  as  from  a  map.  It 
commands  a  delightful  landsca])e  over  a  coun- 
try charmingly  variegated,  as  extensive  as  the 
eye  can  reach.  The  village  of  P'runklinton,  a 
mile  to  the  west,  and  the  winding  Scioto,  are 
comprehended  in  tliis  view.  The  building,  that 
contains  the  public  offices,  is  100  by  !2.')  feet. 
In  a  line  with  it  and  the  state-house,  is  the 
handsome  court-house  for  the  l''e<ieral  court. 
These  buildings  arc  all  on  the  public  scjuare,  an 
area  of  10  acres,  reserved  for  public  use,  in 
the  centre  of  the  town.  The  penitentiary  is  in 
the  BouUi-west  angle  of  the  town,  and  inclosed 
with  a  high  stone  wall.  Immediately  below 
the  penitentiary  is  u  lateral  canal,  on  wliicii 
canal-botts  have  already  floated  to  tlic  town, 
connecting  tliis  town  with  the  Ohio  and  Erie 
canal  11  miles  south.  This  will  greatly  add 
to  the  resources  of  tlie  town.  There  are  three 
churches,  of  which  the  Presbyterian  church  is 
spacious,  being  .50  by  50  feet.  Manufactures 
have  commenced,  and  its  relations  to  the  canal 
wiU  give  a  new  impetus  to  tlieir  growth.  The 
circumstance  of  its  being  the  iwlitical  metrop- 
olis of  its  great  state,  attaches  to  it  a  distin- 
guished and  polite  society.  It  is  a  striking 
example  of  the  creation,  no  longer  uncoiiuiion 
in  the  western  country,  of  a  town,  that  has 
grown  to  importoiice  in  a  few  years  from  the 
Bohd  forest.  It  is  m  N.  lat.  39°  57'  and  6° 
W.  Ion.  from  W.  It  is  396  m.  from  Washington, 
551  from  New  York,  477  from  Philadelphia, 
575  from  Boston,  429  from  Baltimore,  991  from 
New  Orleans,  397  from  Nashville,  112  from 
Cincinnati,  and  45  above  Chillicothe.  Pop.  in 
1820,1,400;  in  1830,  2,439. 

C'OLUMBUS,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.,  12  m. 
NE.  Norwich.    Pop.  1,661. 

COLUMBUS,  CO.  N.C.  Pop.  3,912.  Chief 
town,  Whitesville. 

COMBAHEE,  r.  S.  C.  runs  into  St.  Helena 
sound. 

COMBAHEE  FERRY,  on  Uic  Combahee 
r.  is  17  ni.  from  Jacksonborough,  15  from  Po- 
cataligo.  -.!'. 


('( ).M  ITM,  r.  .Mississippi  joins  the  Amite,  13 
Ml.  I'l.  Ilalon  linii!.''!'. 

(OMMISSIdMiirs  CRKKK,  (.'co.  riina 
intolhi^t  )eonc(;,2()(ir30iii.  IkIow  AIill((li.'evill(,'. 

COMMl'NJI'A,  v.  Ifirgen  eo.  N.  .1.  on  ,\, 
York  bay,  2  in.  S\V.  trorii  Panliis-llook. 

(;oNAlil'i;M;siN(;  ({{KUK,  Pa.  joiim 
the  .Mahohinir  \-J  rii.  aliovr  its  itimitli. 

('O.NtUIACIIITOi',  I.  l\Iississip|.i,  on  III,. 
Pusca/'-oula.    Long.  hH  '  13'  \V.  lal.  :\2    I.V  .\. 

C'ONCOIO),  t.  Koekinifhani  eo.  S.  II.  iiml 
capital  of  the  state,  stands  on  ttie  Mcrririiack, 
•12  m.  VVNW.  from  I'ortsninuth,  fW  N  .\ VV.  IrtHii 
UoMton  Long.  71  30'  VV.  lat.L'P  12'  N.  Tin; 
village  is  built  principally  on  two  strt'cts  on  thu 
VV.  Iiank  of  tlu!  river,  and  contains  a  stale, 
house,  slnte-prison,  (  ongrcgational  elinrrli,niiii 
above  130  dwelling-lioiises.  The  state-hoiifc  U 
a  handsonu;  stone  building,  'llie  state-priwii 
is  also  of  stone,  and  contains  3(i  cells.  In  \v2'.i 
the  courts  were  removed  troin  Portsmouth,  niiii 
are  now  held  in  this  town.  By  means  of  .Mrr- 
riiimck  river  there  is  a  boat  eoniiinmicalidii 
between  Concord  und  Boston.  Much  of  tliu 
trade  of  the  up{K'r  country  centres  here.  Pop. 
in  1H20,  2,838;  in  1830,  3,729. 

CONCORD,  t.  Graflon  co.  N.  II.  68  m.  N, 
from  Concord.     Pop.  1,126. 

CONC:OR  n,  t.  Esse.x  co.  Vt.  on  Connecticut 
r.  38  m.  ENK.  from  Montjjelier. 

CONCORD,  r.  Mass.  ibrmed  by  two  brancli- 
e.s,  which  unite  at  Concord,  whence  it  flows 
NE.  and  N.  with  a  gentle  eiirrent,  throuirli 
Bedford  and  Billericu,  and  joins  the  Merriiuiicl; 
in  Tewkesbury.  Middlesex  canal  is  supplied 
with  water  from  this  river. 

CONCORD,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  on  Con- 
cord  river,  18  ni.  NW.  from  Boston,  30  ENR 
from  Worcester.  The  courts  of  the  county  are 
held  alternately  here  and  at  Cambridge.  Tiic 
public  buildings  arc  a  court-house  and  spacious 
stone  jail,  and  a  Congn-gational  church.  Here 
are  3  bridges  across  the  river.  In  this  town 
the  Provincial  Congress  met  in  1774;  ami 
here  the  first  op|)osition  was  made  to  the  lirit- 
ish  troops,  on  the  lilth  of  April,  1775.  Poi).  in 
1820,  1,788 ;  in  1830,  2,017. 

CONt^ORD,  t.  Erie  co.  N.  Y.  S.  of  Buffalo. 
Pop.  2,786. 

CONf^ORD,  V.  Franklin  co.  Pa. 

COxVCORD,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  on  a  brancli 
of  Chester  creek,  21  m.  SW.  from  Philadelphia. 
Pop.  1,032. 

t^ONCORD,  t.  Erie  co.  Pa.  ^ 

(X)NCORD,  t.  Sussex  co.  Del. 

CONCORD,  V.  Campbell  co.  Va. 

CONCORD,  t.  capital  of  Cabarrus  eo.  N.  C 
on  Rocky  river,  20  ni.  SW.  from  Salisbury. 

CONCORD,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio. 

CONCORD,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio. 

CONCORD,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  W.  from 
Chillicothe. 

CONCORD,  t.  Fayette  co.  Ohio. 

CONCORD,  t.  Highland  co.  Ohio. 

CONCORD,  t  Delaware  co.  Ohio. 

CONCORD,  t.  Washington  co.  Missouri. 

CONCORDIA,  parish  of.  La.,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  Mississippi ;  bounded  by  the  M's 


(JON— (JON 


213 


iBtliu  Ainitt,  13 


^.  Y.  S.  of  Buffalo. 


fiver  E.  and  SK.,  liy  Rc<l,  IJIrtok,  nnd  Tcnsuii 
riviTH  SW,  ami   VV.,  iirul  by  Wualiitan  N. ; 

iciiirtli  11^  III.;  liK'.iii  width,  iri. 

rONCOKDIA,  1.  mid  cii|).  (^onrnrdlii  co. 
Fill.,  oil  llio  .MissisKi|i[)i,  opiMisilc  Niifciics. 

(•(>.\l':<:rH;|IKA(;i'i;,  r.  ri-i.-s  near  Mcr- 
ciTslxir^r,  1*11.  and  riiii.s  into  tlic  I'otoiiiac  at 
Willi.iiiiK|H>rl,  Md.  H  m.  S.  ol'tlic  \\\.  line. 

(,'ONWIIlI,  ro.  Ail.  Iiotiiidcd  liy  lloridn  S., 
>foiiroc  W.  anil  NW.,  [{iitlir  N.,  and  Coving- 
tom  r..    ('iii"rto\vii,  Sparta.    N.  lal.  'M'  If)'. 

(.'ONI'X^l'fl,  r.  Al.i,,  receives  tiic  KHcaniliia, 
and  runs  into  tlui  St.  !Mari:i  lU'Ainhv/.,  an  urin 
ot' I'i'ii>!arol,i  l);iv.     (t  is  iiaviir.ildf  ;il)()  miles. 

('(».Vi;i)()<;\Vl\l'I'  CI.'MKK,  I'a.  riinH  H. 
into  tliu  SiiH(|ii('liannali,  u  little  above  ilurris- 

(^ixr^VIAlUJII  (;|{Ei;f\,  Pa.  rlHcs  in  the 
Alleffhiiny  nunintaiiis,  and  runs  into  tlii^  AIlc- 
;r|iaiiy,  2.)  in.  NH.  I'roiii  l'itt,sbur)r.  At  Ciicst- 
nut  ridjjc  it  takes  (he  naiiK!  oC  K'iskemanitas. 
('imrmauiili  siilt-wniks  are  situated  in  West- 
inon^lajid  and  Indiana  counties,  on  both  liaiiks 
of  this  creek,  1  in.  alMivi;  its  eonlluencc  with 
the  Loyalljannon,  and   LI  NK.  from  (ircens- 

CONMSTCMJA,  small  river  of  Tjnncaster  co. 
Ph.,  risinjj  on  the  borders  of  (Chester,  IJorks, 
;iii(l  Tiehaiion  rns.  and  flowinir  SE.  throujrli 
llic  ncntri^  of  Fiancastcr  ro.  fidls  into  the  Siis- 
(liu;hannal)  river,  about  10  m,  below  ('olumbia, 
and  an  equal  rlistanco  .'iE.  from  the  city  of 
I/ancaster.  It  flow.s  throuifh  one  of  the  most 
|iro(lu(;tive  parts  of  the  state. 

COXEW  A( !(), creek  of  l*a., RCj)aralinjr  Lan- 
castrr  and  Dauphin  counties,  and  falling  into 
llicSiis(|uebniinah  r.  4  in.  below  Middletown. 

('■<)NEWA(  JO,  a  niiieh  more  eonsidnrable 
strcain  tlian  the  prerediinr,  risiiij/  in  Adams 
CO.  Pa., and  flowinir  NE.  into  York,  over  wliieli 
it  passes  to  the  Sus<|iiehannnli,  into  which  it 
liills  .'i  in.  below  Middletown. 

COXEW  A  NGO  CM  EEK,  or  small  river  of 
X.  Y.  and  Pa.  It  is  formed  by  the  outk'l  of 
Clmtaiique  lake,  and  otiier  larfji!  ereciks,  from 
•  'liataniiiie  and  (Jatarauijus  counties,  N.  Y. 
riicsc  unite,  and  tuniinir  S.  enter  Warren  eo. 
P:i.,  fulliujr  into  Allej^diany  river  at  the  villajje 
of  Warren. 

CONxNECTICIIT,  the  frreat  river  of  New 
England.  It  has  its  source  on  the  N.  border 
of  N.  II.,  and  se[)arates  J>iv\v  Ifainpsliire  from 
Vnrinont,  passes  through  Massachusetts  and 
( 'oimceticut,  and  flows  into  Eong  Island  Sound 
Ijctween  Saybrook  and  r^iiiie.  Its  general 
"-■irsi!  is  S.  I)y  VV.  till  it  reaches  Middletown, 
Ct.,  after  which  it  has  a  SSE.  course  to  ilg 
iiioiilii.  Its  whole  l.-ngth  is  41 0  miles.  It  is 
n;iviTni)l(.  for  vessels  drawing  10  feel  of  water 
Ip  Middlpfown,  30  miles,  for  those  drawing  8 
•I'f^t  to  II  irtford,  50  miles ;  and  by  means  of 
lot'';.'!  and  canals,  it  has  been  rendered  naviga- 
W«  to  tlie  Fi:l,.(.n  Mile  F;ills,  IJuth,  N.  H.  a.TO 
niik's  abov(!  Hartford.  The  boats  which  navi- 
?atc  the  river  e;:rry  from  li!  to  20  tons  in  de- 
woiidiiig,  apd  about  two-thirds  as  much  in  re- 
''iniiiig.  The  f;iJls  on  this  river,  which  havi; 
^m  re.ncdied  by  artificial   ineaii:!,  arc  at  Eii- 


fielrl,  Cf.  the  Williniantir,  !<W)iifli  Ffadlfy,  Mon- 
lagiie,  Walpdle,  Plaiiifield,  and  Lebanon.  Of 
these  I  {(Hows  l''iills,  lit  \V.il|tole,  are  the  nioNt 
remarkable.  The  |Mr()endieulnr  liill  in  the 
river,  which  has  Iwen  overcome  liy  means  of 
locks  and  dams,  between  Spriiiglield,  Ma'-s. 
and  Hanover,  N.  H.  a  distance  of  I'll)  ni.  is 
','(10  leet.  The  ( 'Diineetieiil  flows  tlirnugll  ll 
fine  eoiiiitry.  The  land  bordering  ii|»fni  it  is 
gem  rally  of  an  <'xeellent  (piiility,  iin<l  there  are 
upon  its  banks  many  beautiful  and  llonrisli- 
ing  towns,  among  wliieh  are  Haverhill,  Hano- 
ver, ( ■harlesto\\-n,  and  VVal|x)le,  N.  H.;  New- 
bury, Windsor,  and  Pratt !(!l»oroiigh,  Vermont; 
(Jre<'nfield,  lladley,  Northampton,  and  Spring- 
field, iMaMs. ;  Hartford,  Middk'town,  ikc.  ("f. 

CONXECTKJET,  lake,  in  N.  part  of  N.FF. 
Ft  is  th<!  source  of  the  |)ritieipal  branch  of  the 
river  ('oniieetieiit;  CtS  in.  long  and  12.^  broad. 
Eat.  4.1 '  i»'  N. 

( ■( )NN E( ;TI(  '(IT  T?ESERV E, or  New  Con- 
vrclinit,  the  NE.  part  of  the  sfafe  of  Ohio. 
The  .xtent  is  Pi!)  iii.  from  E.  to  W.  and  r>2 
from  N.  to  S.  It  iiontains  4,000,000  of  acres  ; 
comprises  7  counties,  Asbtabnla,  Tnmiliull, 
Portage,  (Jeauga,  ('uyahc  'a,  Medina,  and  Hu- 
ron ;  and  is  settled  principally  by  emigrants 
from  the  stales  eft"  MasaaehuscttH  and  Connec- 
ticut. 

CONNELESVirj.E,  bor.  Fayette  co.  Pn. 
on  N.  sid(^  of  the  Youghiogeny ;  S.W  m.  frotn 
Philadelphia,  ;>00  from  W.  Pop,  900.  It  has 
a  jileasant  and  elevated  situation,  and  com- 
mands a  liandsoine  prosjieet.  In  the  neigh- 
borhood flf  the  town  there  are  several  mer- 
chant mills,  fiimaecR,  forges,  and  many  otiKrr 
mills.     The  river  is  navifabk;  lo  tliis  town. 

CONNORSVILEI';  v.  and  seat  of  jimfi^-e, 
Fayette  co.  In.  on  White  Water  river,  f!.')  m. 
SE.  bv  E.  from  Indianapolis.     Eat.  39°  .3H'  N. 

CONNOWIWJO,  V.  ne;ir(  onnowingoFalls 
in  Susqnehannah,  NW.  angle  of  (Jeeil  eo.  Md. 
IS  m.  NW.  by  VV.  from  Elkton,  and  3.'i  NE. 
from  Baltimore. 

(;ONOCO(JHEAGUE,  r.  Pa.  which  is  form- 
ed  by  two  branches,  one  of  which,  the  r  ist 
branch,  risers  on  N.  side  of  Sonth  Mountain  in 
Adams  co.  the  other,  the  W.  branch,  rises  in 
N.  side  of  North  Mountain,  in  Franklin  co. 
'I'hey  unite  3  m.  N.  of  Maryland  line,  and  the 
river  passes  through  that  frtate,  and  falls  into 
the  Potomac  at  Williamsport. 

CONOLOWAY  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs 
into  the  Potomac,  near  Hancock's  Town,  in 
Maryland. 

fXlNSTABEE,  t.  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Cmada  line;  14  m.  NW.  from  Malone,  23.") 
NNW.  from  Albany,  CM  from  W. 

CO.VS'PANTLV,  t.  Oswego,  co.  N.  Y.  on 
N.  side  of  Oneida  Lake;  43!)  m.  from  W.  Pop. 
1,1  !)3.  Large  quantities  of  iron  ore  are  found 
here. 

CONST ANTIA,  v.  Acadia  district.  La.; 
1,31.'-)  ni.  from  W. 

CONTOOCOOK,  r.  N,  H.  -which  rises  in 
JafTrey  and  Rindge,  and  runs  NE.  into  th« 
Merrimack. 

CONWAY,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  II.  watered 


'■'A. 


244 


CON— COR 


1.1  :f'  i^"^\i 


by  the  Riico;  75  m.  N.  from  Portsinoutli,  55.'j 
from  W.     Pop.  1,001. 

CONWAY,  t.  Fronl<lin  co.  Mnsp.;  6  m. 
R\V.  imrn  f  Jrccnficld,  100  W.  from  Donton,  403 
from  W.    Vop.  l,:)*;.!. 

CONWAY,  t.  of  Sudbury  co.  N.  Brunnwick, 
on  Uio  riiflit  1)  nk  of  St.  John's  river,  and  ncur 
the  Buy  of  Fiiiidy. 

CONWAY nOKOUnil,  V.  on  Wncnamavv 
river,  ilorry  district,  S.  C.  100  m.  NE.  from 
Chitrlcston.     I,at.  XP  46'  N. 

CONWAYnOUOUGir,  t.  Georgetown  dis- 
trict,  S.  C. ;  402  m.  from  W. 

CONYNtiHAM,  v.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  in  Nob- 1  Chief  town,  Luncnster. 
copeck  Valley,  U()on  the  turnpike,  leading  from  1830,  8,3  )0 
Berwick  to  Bethlehem.     It  is  12  m.  from  the 
Susquchnnnah  at  Berwick,  and  18  m.  from  Lc- 
high,  at  Lausanne.    It  is  built  upon  one  Htrect, 
at  the  foot  of  the  Buck  Mountain. 

C00LIDC;E  LANDING,  t.  Md.  on  the 
Patuxent ;  28  m.  SSW.  from  Annapolis. 

COOL3PRING,  t.  Mercer  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
596. 

COOKSVILLE,  V.  Ann  Arundel  co.  Md. ; 
53  ni.  from  Annapolis,  and  61  from  W. 

COOLVILLE,  V.  Athens  co.  Ohio,  110  m. 
SE.  from  Columbus. 

COOK'S  RIVER,  large  f.  of  N.  America, 


any, 


outlet ;  66  m.  W.  from  Alli 
Uticn.     Lat.  42^  42'  N.  Inn. 

COOPERSTOWN,v.  Ilnrtford  co.  Md.;  jij 
m.  NW.  iVom  Harford,  21  NE.  from  Iklii. 
more. 

C;009,  northern  ro.  of  N.  H.  boundrd 
Connecticut  river  NW.  by  L,  Canada  N. 
Maine  E.  by  Sfrallbrd  eo.  N.  II.  S.  and 
(Jraflon  SW.  Length  R4  m.  mean  width 
The  highest  mountnins  in  the  U.  States  arc  in 
this  CO. ;  the  White  Mills  rising  to  7,30(1  lid 
above  the  level  of  the  ocean.  Much  of  ihc 
soil  is  productivi!  in  grain  and  pasturajrf, 
Pop.  1820,  5,54!);  in 


45  SE.  from 
i'  E.  from  W 


COOSA  RIVER,  the  NW.  branch  of  the 
Alabama,  rises  in  the  NW.  part  of  Georgia, 
flowing  SW.  about  100  m.  enters  Alahaina, 
and  gradually  turns  to  a  S.  course,  in  which 
direction  it  continues  200  m.  to  its  junction 
with  the  Tallapoosa.  It  is  boatallc  genernlly 
to  Weetumka  falls,  7  m.  above  its  mouth,  and 
]  at  hiifh  water,  to  the  junction  of  Etewlah  and 
Oostenalah  rivers  in  Georgia. 

COOSAWATCHY,  r.  S.  C.  falls  into  Port 
Royal  Sound. 

COOSAWATCFY,  t.  and  scat  of  justiw, 
Beaufort  co.  S.  C.  lying  on  the  Coosahatchie  r, 


which  flows  into  the  N.  Pacific  ocean.    It  was  |  about  75  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Charleston.  I.aL 


discovered  in  1778,  by  Capt.  Clook,  who  Ictl  a; 
blank  for  its  name,  which  was  filled  up  by  the 
Earl  of  Sandwich.  This  river  was  traced  as! 
high  as  lat.  6P  30'  N.  which  is  above  70 
leagues  from  its  mouth,  in  Ion.  152°  W. 

COOKSTOWN,  V.  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Monongahela  river,  in  the  NW.  angle  of  Fay- 
ette CO.  Pa. ;  23  m.  SSE.  from  Pittsluirg. 

COOKE'S  SETTLEMENT,  Miso.  on  the 
road  from  St.  Louis  to  Arkansas  and  Red 
rivers,  30  from  St.  Genevieve,  8  from  Murphy's 
Settlement. 
COOKE'STOWN,  v.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 
COOPER,  t.  Washington  co.  Me.  Pop. 
200.  I 

CCOPER,  r.  S.  C.  passes  along  the  E.  side! 
of  the  city  of  Charleston,  and  meets  the  Ash- 1 
ley,  in  Charleston  harbor.  A  canal  connects 
it  with  the  Sniitee,  and  opens  a  navigable  com- 
munication between  Charleston  and  the  inte- 
rior country. 

COOPER,  CO.  Miso.  between  Osage  and 
Missouri  rivers.  Surface  of  the  country  diver- 
sified, with  considerable  prairie :  the  alluvial 
soil  of  the  rivers  is  of  first-rate  quality.  Chief 
town,  Boonville.  Pop.  6,019.  Lat.  of  Boon- 
viUe,  the  seat  of  justice,  39°  53'  N.  15°  20' W. 
from  W. 

COOPER'S  FERRY,  from  Philadelphia  to 
the  upper  extremity  of  Camden  village,  Glou- 
cester CO.  N.  J. 

COOPER'S  TOWN,  t.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Otsego  CO.  N.  Y.  on  Otsego  Lake,  W.  side  of 
its  outlet  into  Susquehannah  river.  The  situ- 
ation of  Cooperstown  is  in  a  high  degree  pic- 
turesque ;  the  lake  spreads  to  the  N.  between 
bills,  which  rise  on  both  sides  to  a  considera 
ble  elevation,  clothed  with  timber  to  their  sum 
mite.  The  village  is  compactly  built  on  une- 
ven ground,  on  the  W.  or  right  side  of  the 


32=  .32'  N.  loii.  3°  58'  W.  from  W 

CIJUSAWDA,  v.  Autauga  co.  Ala.  on  the 
light  bank  of  Alabama  river,  6  m.  below  the 
jiinction  of  the  Coosa  and  Tallapoosa  rivers, 
an  J  about  60  in.  NE.  by  10.  from  Cahawba. 

COOTSTOWN,  a  well-built  v.  of  Berks  co, 
Pa.  on  a  branch  of  Maiden  creek,  and  on  the 
road  from  Reading  to  Allentown,  17  m.  from 
each. 

COPENHAGEN,  v.  Lewis  co.  N.  Y. 

COPLEY,  t.  Medina  co.  Ohio. 

COPPER  RIVER,  NW.  Territory,  after  a 
course  of  300  m.  joins  the  Chippeway,  30  ni. 
above  its  mouth. 

CORBEAU,  r.  Miso.  Ter.  the  largest  tribu- 
tary  to  the  Mississippi  above  the  St.  Peters. 
Its  southern  branch  rises  near  the  sources  of 
the  St.  Peters  and  receives  the  NW.  brancli 
called  the  Penmiisco,  whose  head  waters  are 
near  those  of  Red  river.  The  united  stream 
then  flows  180  m.  and  joins  the  Mississippi  in 
lat.  45=  49'  50"  N. 

CORE  SOUND,  on  the  coast  of  North  Car- 
olina, 20  m.  long.  Lon.  77°  5'  W.  lat.  34' 
38'  N.  It  communicates  with  Pamlico  Sound 
on  the  N.  Beaufort  Inlet  leads  into  it  on  the  S. 

CORINTH,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.  at  the  fork 
of  the  roads,  18  m.  NW.  from  Bangor.  Pop. 
712.     It  is  a  fine  flourishing  town. 

CORINTH,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt ;  41  m.  from 
Windsor.     Pop.  2,000. 

CORINTH,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
1,412. 

CORNISH,  t.  York  co.  Mc.  on  Saco  river, 
50  m.  from  N.  York.     Pop.  1,088. 

CORNISH,  t.  SnUivon  co.  N.  H.  on  Con 
necticut  river,  16  m.  S.  fi-om  Dartmouth  Col 
lege,  34  NW.  from  Concord.    Pop.  1,687. 

CORNVILLE,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  11  m 
ENE.  from  NorridgewoCk,  44  N.  from  Hal- 


•aii'  I  I' 


COR— ('f)V 


21'. 


ny,  45  SE.  from 
P  :.'  !■:.  Irf.m  W 
tford  CO.  Md. ;  Vi 
NE.  from  Iklli. 

TI.  boundi'd  hy 
[„  C'onnda  N.  l)v 
sf.  II.  S.  and  liy 

inran  width  'Jll. 
}  U.  States  arr  in 
ting  to  7,30(1  till 
n.  Much  of  liif 
I  and  pasturaf(. 
1.1820,5,51!);  in 

rV.  branch  of  the 
,  part  of  Georgia, 
,  enters  Alahaiiia, 
,  course,  in  which 
m.  to  its  junction 
boatablc  genernlly 
)ve  its  mouth,  and 
m  of  Ettwlah  unci 
u. 
C.  falls  into  Port 

nd  scat  of  justice, 
the  Coosahatthie  r. 
m  Charleston.  T,aL 
rom  W. 

i(Ta  CO.  Ala.  on  the 
,(T,  6  m.  below  tlie 
I  Tallapoosa  rivers, 
f.  from  Cahawba. 
)uilt  V.  of  Berks  co. 
creek,  and  on  tlie 
ntown,  17  m.  from 


w 


IS  CO.  N.  Y. 
Ohio. 

Territory,  after  a 
Chippeway,  30  m. 


the  largest  tribu- 
love  the  St.  Pcterc. 
near  the  sources  of 

the  NW.  brancli 
86  head  wau-rs  arc 
The  united  stream 

the  Mississippi  in 

coast  of  North  Car- 
77°  5'  W.  lat.  34' 

vith  Pamlico  Sound 

lads  into  it  on  the  S. 
CO.  Me.  at  the  fork 

rom  Bangor.    Pop. 

ig  town. 

;o.  Vt ;  41  m.  from 

I  CO.  N.  Y.    Pop. 

Mc.  on  Saco  river, 
..  1,088. 

CO.  N.  H.  on  Con- 
om  Dartmouth  Col- 
d.    Pop.  1,687. 
TBCt  CO.  Me.  11  111' 
44  N.  from  Hal- 


lowell.    Pop.  1,104.    WesBfsrunsrt  river  rnn« 

through  the  crnlrrt  of  the  town,  and  Hevcrnl 

miil«  arc  ereetrd  on  it. 
CX)RNWAI,I-,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Otti  r 

crwk,  3<i  m.  S.  from  Burlington.     Pop.  l,iiJ(). 
CORNVVAM.,  t.  U.  ('.  CO.  of  Stnrmont,  on 

thfi  left  bank  of  the  St.   Lawri'Mce,  b«;twi;en 

Otinaburg  nnd  Charlottrnburg. 

CORNVVAIJ,,  t.  I.itrhtield  co.  Ct.  on  the 
E.  side  of  Ilonsatonnuc  river,  10  m.  NW.  from 
Litchfield.  Pop.  1,712.  There  is  a  Foreign 
Mission  School  in  this  place,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners 
for  Foreign  Missions,  established  in  1817,  for 
the  purpose  of  educating  heathen  youth  from 
various  parts  of  the  world.  Af\er  they  have 
received  their  education,  they  are  sent  home  to 
instruct  their  own  coimtrymen.  In  1821  the 
number  of  pu|)ils  was  2J  ;  of  whom  19  were 
American  Indians,  and  6  from  the  islands  of 
the  Pacific  ocean.  Si.xtcen  of  these  youth 
have  already  proceeded  to  different  missionary 
stations  well  t(ualified  for  usefulness. 

C;ORN\VAI.I,,  t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  below  Newburgh,  52  m.  N.  from  New 


Pop.  3,486.    In  this  town   is    West 

BRIDGE,  V.  Litchfield  co. 

Somerset  co.  Maine.     Pop. 

V.  in  Charleston,  Mont- 


York. 
Point. 

CORNWALTi 
Con, 

CORRINA,  t. 
1,077. 

CORRYSTOWN, 
gomery  co.  N.  Y. 

CORNWALLIS,  t.  of  Nova  Scotia,  on  the 
W.  const ;  45  m.  NW.  from  Halifax. 

CORNWALLIS,  a  co.  of  L.  Canada,  ex 
tending  for  about  160  m.  along  the  SE.  bank 
of  the  great  river  St.  Lawrence,  bounded  on 
the  NE.  by  the  district  of  Gaspe.  It  is  at 
present  but  thinly  inhabited. 

CORNWALLIS  POINT,  cape  of  North 
America.    Lon.  57°  W.  from  W.  lat.  57°  N. 

CORTLANDT,  L  Westchester  co.  N.  Y 
on  the  Hudson ;  40  m.  N.  from  New-York. 
Pop.  3,054.  In  this  town  is  the  village  of 
Piekskill.  From  its  vicinity  to  tlie  great  com- 
mercial metropolis,  it  has  been  well  settled 
and  highly  im|)rovcd. 

CORTLANDT,  co.  of  N.  Y.  on  the  heads 
of  the  Toniogo  river,  branch  of  Chenango, 
bounded  by  Tompkins  and  Cayuga  W.  Or,;,  i- 
flago  N.  Madison  NE.  Chenango  F  ^nd 
nroome  S.  Length  25,  mean  wit'  h  ^0  m. 
Cliief  town.  Homer.  Pop.  1820,  16,507:  in 
18,30,23,791. 

CORTLANDT,  t  CortI  ndt  co.  N.  Y. 

CORTLANDT,  t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y. 

CORYDON,  t.  Harrison  co.  In.  on  Indian 
creek,  15  m.  above  its  entrance  into  the  Ohio ; 
8  m.  E.  from  Blue  river,  25  SW.  from  Louis. 
ville,  666  from  W.  Lat.  38°  15'  N.  lon.  9° 
2'  \V.  from  W.  It  was  commenced  in  1809, 
is  the  slat  of  justice  of  the  county,  and  con- 
tains a  court-house  and  jail.  N.  of  the  town 
|s  an  extensive  region  of  barrens.  Pop.  1,500. 
Two  newspapers  are  published  here. 

COSDAUGA.    See  Casada  Lake. 

COSHECTON,  V.  Sullivan  c(r.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Delaware,  60  m.  W.  fronft  Newbury. 


f()SI!(KTO!V,C(>.OI.io,lK.undrd  l.y  Musk- 
ingUMi  S.  Licking  SW.  Knox  W.  Wiiync  N. 
Tuscarawas  E.  and  (iurriiHcy  SE.  LmilMIi 
30  tn.  mi'iin  width  3(1.  Siirtitce  hillv,  nnd  soil 
varied.  Chief  town,  ("osliocton.  Pop.  lH20, 
7,086;  in  IH.3(),  11,161. 

COSHCK'TON,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Co- 
shocton  CO.  Ohio,  on  the  E.  side  of  iViuskingum 
riv('r,  opiKwite  to  tlie  mouth  of  White  Wo- 
man's river.  Lat.  40°  17'  N.  Ion.  4°  5.V  W. 
from  W. 

COSTON'S  INLET,  rhnnnel  between  two 
small  islands  of  N.  Jersey.  Lon.  74°  36'  W. 
Int.  39°  14'  N. 

COITON-GIN-PORT,  Ala.  on  the  Tom- 
biglM-e,  at  the  head  of  navigation ;  GO  m.  S.  by 
W.  from  Florence. 

C;0'r'I'ON  PORT,  l.  Madison  co.  Ala.  on 
the  Limestone,  1  m.  abov.!  its  entrance  into 
the  1  nnessee,  about  100  fr  tm  the  falls  of  the 
Black  .Varri  r.  The  rivei  (s  navigable  to  this 
place  ibr  kec^  and  f1  t-bottomcd  lx)ats  at  all 
seasons.     The  town  wis  Iiid  out  in  1818. 

COVENT^i  i',  t.  >,rrleans  co.  Vt.  at  8.  end 
of  Lake  Mcmphn  uigog,  and  's  wai  ;cd  by 
Black  river;  60m.  WE.  from  .ontplicr.  Pop. 
728. 

COVENTRY,  t.  Grafi  r  o.  N.  H.;  9  m. 
E.  from  Haverhill.     Pop.  4  il. 

COVENTRY  ,  V  nt  co.  R.  I. ;  15  ■  SW. 
Providence.  Pep.  3,r'il.  It  contains  a  paper- 
mill,  and  severa   cotton  manufactories. 

COVENTRY,  t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  It  is  di- 
vided into  two  parishes  called  North  and  South 
Coventry.  There  i«i  a  Congregational  meet- 
ing-house in  each,  4  m.  apart.  'I'lie  N.  parish 
is  16  m.  E.  of  Hartford,  nnd  the  8.  20  m.  and 
about  the  same  'i'^tanco,  from  Norwich.  In 
the  S.  parish  there  is  a  natural  |)ond  or  lake, 
about  2 J  m.  long  and  1  broad,  from  which,  by 
an  artificial  race,  flows  a  stream  of  water, 
affording  one  of  the  finest  collections  of  mill- 
seats  in  the  U.  States.  On  this  stream  arc  al- 
ready two  cotton  manufactories,  one  woollen, 
two  machine  manufactories,  in  which  is  made 


b-nery  of  the  first  quality,  a  saw-mill  and 
"  '  1  •■ry.  In  the  N.  parish  there  is  a  glass- 
house) and  several  tanneries. 

COVENTRY,  t.  Chc!»ango  co.  N.  Y.  20  m. 
S8VV.  from  Norwich ;  148  ni.  SW.  by  W.  from 
Albany.     Pop.  1,576. 

COVERT,  t.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.     Pop.  1,791. 

COVINGTON,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
2,716. 

COVINGTON,  t.  Campbell  co.  Ken.  sepa- 
rated from  Newport  by  Ideking  river,  on  the 
Ohio,  opposite  Cincinnati.  It  is  very  finely 
sittiated,  and  the  streets  are  so  planned  that 
they  appear  to  be  a  continuation  of  tiiose  of 
Cincinnati.  In  this  place  are  respectable  man- 
ufacturing establishments,  particularly  of  cot- 
ton. 

COVINGTON,  t.  St.  Tammany's  co.  Lo.; 
1,107  m.  from  W. 

COVINGTON,  t.  and  cap.  Washington  co. 
II.  on  Kaskaskias  river. 

COVINGTON,  CO.  Ala.  bordering  on  Flo- 
rida.   Pop.  1,522,    Chief  town,  Montezuma. 

COVINGTON,  CO.  Mis.  bounded  by  the 


n 


'■'■ 


240 


(^OU— CRO 


M' 


Clioctaw  country  NW.  Wayne  E.  Perry  S. 
Jind  Lawrence  W,  Length  2(i  ni.  mean  width 
25.    Chief  town,  Williamshurgh.    Pop.  a/jU). 

COUNCIL  BLUFF,  on  E.  side  oftiio  Mis- 
eouri,  a  little  above  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Platte,  800  m.  from  the  Mississippi.  Lon. 
i)G^  40'  W.  lat.  410  30'  N.  This  place  is  oc- 
cupied by  the  U.  S.  as  a  military  jMjst ;  and 
Jiere  are  jrcnerally  stationed  a  few  eomi)anies 
of  infantry,  with  a  view  to  overawe  the  sur- 
rounding' tril)es  of  savages,  and  to  prevent,  as 
well  their  mutual  hostilities,  as  those  incur- 
sions which  tliey  might  otherwise  attempt 
against  the  frontier  American  settlers.  The 
position  is  a  very  important  one,  being  about 
Jialf  way  between  St.  Louis  and  the  Mandan 
village,  and  at  that  point  on  the  Missouri, 
which  approaches  nearest  to  tlie  post  at  the 
mouth  of  St.  Peters,  with  which,  in  the  event 
of  hostilities,  it  may  co-operate.  It  is,  besides, 
in  tlie  centre  of  the  most  [xjwerful  tribes,  and 
the  most  numerous  Indian  jxjpulation,  west  of 
the  Mis8issi|)|)i. 

COURTA]}I,EAU,  r.  La.  is  formed  by  the 
Crocodile  and  IJooutJ  and  joins  the  Atehafii- 
laya,  30  m.  W.  from  l}aton  Rouge. 

COURTWRKJirr,  v.  F.artield  co.  Oliio. 

GOWDElfSPOR/r,  t  and  cap.  Potter  co, 
Pa. 

COWFORD,  ford  in  St.  John's  river,  Flori- 
da ;  28  m.  N.  from  the  bar  at  tlic  mouth  of  the 
river. 

COW  ISLAND,  Isle  de  Vaches,  in  Mis- 
souri river,  380  m.  above  its  mouth,  about  100 
above  Fort  Osage.  Here  the  cxjjcdition  to 
the  Yellow-stone  wintered  in  1818-19. 

COWPASTL'RE,  r.  Va.  one  of  the  princi- 
pal briuiclu^s  of  James  river. 

COWPl^NS,  in  Union  co.  S.  C.  between 
Pacolet  iiiid  Broad  rivers,  the  place  where  Gen. 
Moigaii  rii'leated  the  Jkitii^h  under  Col.  Tarle- 
ton,  Jan.  11,  1781. 

C0WPER8HILT-,  v.  Robertson  co.  N.  C. 

COXACKIE,  t-Crcene  co.  N.  Y.  on  thi,  Hud- 
son, 25  m.  S.  fi'om  Albany,  8  above  Catskill. 
Pop.  .3,373.  'I'liere  are  three  landings  in  this 
town.  The  villiige  of  t'oxackie  contains  l.'iO 
dwelling-houses,  and  ii  elmreh.  New  Rultimore 
was  sot  oif  from  the  N  E.  part  of  this  town  in 
1611. 

COY  All,  settlement,  Tenn.  on  Tennessee  r. 
30  m.  below  Knoxville. 

CRAB-ROTTOM,  or  Hulls,  v.  Pendleton 
CO.  Va. 

CRAB-ORCHARD,  v.  Washington  co.  Va. 

CRAB-ORCIIARD,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Ken.  on 
Dick's  river,  8  m.  from  Cumberland  river,  25 
SE.  from  Dimville. 

CR AFTSBURY,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  28  m.  N. 
from  Montpelier.  Pop.  700.  The  courts  of  the 
county  were  formerly  held  here. 

CRAKJIE'S  MILT-S,  v.  Oxford  co.  Maine. 

CRANBERRY,  r.  NV\^.  Territory,  which 
runs  into  the  SW.  end  of  T-ake  Superior. 

CRANBl'^iUiY,  t.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J. !)  m. 
E.  from  Princeton,  16  SSVV.  from  Brunswick. 

CRANHERRY,  t.  Butler  eo.  Pa.    Pop.  800. 

CRANBERRY,  island,  on  the  coast  of  Me. 
SE.  ol"  Mount  Desert. 


CRANE  ISLAND,  island  in  tlie  Potomac 
30  m.  SW.  from  Annapolis. 

CUANE  ISLAND,  narrow  island,  about  fi 
m.  in  lengtli,  in  Hunting  sound,  on  the  coast 
of  N.  C.    Lon.  76=  45'  W.  lat  34°  40'  N. 

CRANEY,  small  isl.  Va.  in  Hampton  Road, 
at  the  nioutliof  Elizabeth  river;  5  m.  SW.  from 
Fort  George.  There  is  a  strong  fort  on  this 
island  which  defends  the  entrance  of  James 
and  Eliz.abeth  rivers;  and  in  the  last  war, 
the  British  were  here  docisively  repulsed,  with 
great  loss,  in  an  attempt  against  Norfolk  and 
the  Constellation  frigate. 

C'R  ANSTON,  t.  Providence  co.  R.  I.,  on  W. 
side  of  Narraganset  bay ;  5  m.  S.  from  Provi- 
deuce.  Pop.  2,651.  This  township  contains 
several  cottor  manufactories,  and  5  houses  of 
public  worship,  3  for  Bajjtists,  1  for  Friends, 
and  1  for  Methodists.  Here  is  found  iron 
ore. 

CRAVEN,  CO.  SE.  part  of  N.  C.  'Pop.  14,325. 
Chief  town,  Newljcrn. 

CRAWFORD,  V.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.,  109  m. 
S.  from  Albany. 

CRAWFORD,  CO.  I'n.,  bounded  by  ErieN,, 
Wurrcn  E.,  Venango  SI'].,  Mercer  S-,  and  state 
of  Ohio  W. ;  length  47  ni.  mean  width  24. 
Chief  town,  MeadviUe.  Pop.  in  1820,  9,397; 
in  1830,  16,005. 

CRAWFORD,  CO.  Mich.  It  lies  west  of 
liiike  Michigan.  Poi).  in  1820,  492;  in  1830, 
692. 

C'RAWFORD,  CO.  In.  on  the  Ohio,  below 
its  junction  with  Great  Blue  river ;  bounded  by 
Oh'io  SE.,  by  Perry  SW,,  Duhois  W.,  Orange 
N.,  Wasliington  N  F..,  and  Harrison  E. ;  Icngtii 
22  m.  mean  width  12.  Cliief  town,  Fredonia. 
Pop.  in  1K20,  2,583  ;  in  1830,  .3,184 

C;RAWF0RD,  CO.  II.  bounded  by  Oarkc 
N.,  Wabarsli  river  IC,  l^ldwards,  Wayne,  and 
.felFerHon  S.,  and  Bond  W. ;  length  75  m.  mean 
width  35.    Pop.  in  1820,  3,024 ;  in  1830, 3,113. 

(■REDIT  RIVER,  U.C.,disc!mrges  itself 
into  Lake  Ontario,  between  the  hend  of  tliat 
lake  and  York,  iii  the  Mississaga  territory.  Ii 
is  a  great  resort  for  the.se  and  other  Indian 
tribes,  and  abounds  in  fish. 

('RENDRIEK,  lake,  N.  Carolina. 

CRI'ISAPSBURG,  t  Alleghany  co.  Md.,  2 
m.  from  the  Potomac,  8  N.  from  Frankford. 

CREWSVILLE,  t.  Goochland  co.  Va.,  lying 
on  the  S.  side  of  South  Anna  river,  a  branch 
of  Pamunkey  river,  20  m.  SE.  of  Columbia 
court-house,  and  122  from  W. 

(TiOGHANSVILLE,  t.  Ohio,  laid  out  in 
1817,  on  E.  bank  of  the  Sandusky,  opposite 
Fort  Stephenson,  12  m.  above  the  mouth  of  tlie 
river,  105  N.  from  Columbus.        ■  , 

CROIX,  ///,  lake,  Louisiana, 

CROOKED  CREEK  BRIDGE,  v.  Arm- 
strong  CO.  Pa. 

CROOKED  LAKE,  in  Steuben  and  Onla- 
rio  COS.  N.  Y.,  between  Pulleney  a!id  Wayne, 
ill  Steuben  co. ;  5  m.  W.  from  Seneca  Lake, 
18  miles  long,  1}  broad. 

CROOKED  (::REEK,  r.  Pn-,  vhieh  nins 
into  the  Alleirhany,  8  or  '.)  m.  belong  Kittnninfr. 

C  ROOKED-  ISLAND,  island  in  the  group 
of  Bahania.s  between"lV<K)ked  Island  Passage 


CRO— CUM 


247 


d  in  the  Potomac 


Lon.  from  W,  2° 


and  MayapuiiiiJi  Passage. 
40'  E.  lat.  22^  30'  N. 

CROOKED  ISLAND  PASSAGE,  NW. 
from  Crooked  Islujid,  and  stretcliing  from  tlii^ 
Old  Daliama  cJianncl  to  tlic  Atlantic  ocean, 
between  Crooked  and  Yuma  or  Long  Island. 

CROOKED  RIVER,  Maine,  runs  into  He- 
bago  pond,  after  a  SE.  course  of  about  40  m. 

(BROOKED  RIVER,  Camden  co.  Geo.  runs 
into  the  Atlantic  between  the  Satilla  and  the 
St.  Mary's,  12  or  14  ni.  N.  from  St.  Mary's. 

CROOKED  RIVER,  Illinois,  runs  into  the 
Illinois  from  the  N\V.  75  in.  above  its  mouth. 
CROSBY,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Mi- 
ami,  op|)ositc  Colerain.     Pop.  2,100. 
CROSS  ANCHOR,  v.  Spartanburg  co.  S.  C. 
CROSS  CAPE,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Florida. 
Lon.  84°  50'  W.  lat.  46=  27'  N. 

CROSS  CREEK,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa. 
Pop.  2,000. 

CROSS  CREEK,  t  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  3  m. 
W.  from  Stcubenville.     Pop.  2,000. 

CROSS  CREEKS,  two  creeks  flowing  into 
Ohio  river ;  one  rises  in  Washington  co.  Pa. 
and  flowing  W.  falls  into  Ohio  river,  5  m.  be- 
low Stcubenville ;  the  other  enters  directly  op- 
posite  the  preceding,  from  Jefferson  co.  Ohio. 

CROSS  ISLAND,  on  the  coast  of  3Iaine, 
at  the  entrance  into  Macliias  bay.    Lon.  67° 
15'  W. 
CROSS  KEYS,  V.  Southampton  co.  Va. 
CROSS  KEYS,  V.  Union  co.  S.  C. 
CROSS  LAKE,  N.  Y.  on  the  borders  of 
Cayuga  and  Onondaga  counties.    Seneca  river 
passes  through  it. 
CROSS  RIVER,  V.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y, 
CROSS  ROADS,  v.  in  New  London,  Ches- 
ter CO.  Pa.  27  m.  SE.  from  Lancaster,  11  NW. 
from  Elkton,  Md.  and  18  WNVV.  from  Wil- 
mington, Del. 

CROSS  ROADS,  v.  Kent  co.  Md.  2  m.  S. 
from  Georgetown. 

CROSSWICKS,  V.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  4  m. 
SW.  from  AUcntown,  8  SE.  from  Trenton,  14 
SVV.  from  Burlington. 

CROTON  CREEK,  rises  in  New  Fairfield, 
Ct.  and  running  across  Putnam  and  West- 
chester counties,  N.  Y.  falls  into  the  Tappan 
sea  in  Hudson  river.  At  Croton  Falls,  the 
water  descends  perpendicularly  60  or  70  Toet. 
A  bridge  erected  across  the  creek  3  m.  from 
its  mouth,  commaAds  a  fine  view  of  the  fliUs. 

CROW,  r.  Miso.  which  runs  into  the  Mis- 
sissippi 25  m.  above  St.  Anthony's  falls. 

CROW  CREEK,  Ten.  falls  into  the  Ten- 
nessee opposite  Crow  town,  12  m.  below  Nick- 
ojack  town. 

CROWNPOINT,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake 
Champlain,  15  m.  N.  from  Ticondoroga,  184 
from  Montreal.  Lat.  44°  3'  N.  Ion.  73°  2ii'  W. 
Pop.  2,041. 

CROWSNEST,  mt.  in  the  Highlands,  near 
Hudson  river,  N.  Y.    Height,  1,330  feet. 

CROWSVILLE,  v.  Spartanburg  co.  S.C. 

CROYDON,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  18  m.  NE. 
ftom  Charlestown,  34  N  W.  from  Concord.  Pop. 

CRUGERSTOWN,  t.  Frederick  co.  Md. 
CUBA,  t.  AUeghany  co.  N.  Y. 


CUBA,  the  largest  and  most  important  of 
the  West  Indies.  It  commands  tlie  windward 
|)assage,  as  well  ns  the  e;.) ranee  into  the  gulfs 
of  Mexico  and  Florida,  iind  is  called  with  rea- 
son the  key  of  tiie  West  Indies.  It  is  700  m. 
in  length,  and  on  a  medium  70  in  breadth.  It 
is  equal  in  size  to  (irciit  Britain.  Its  popula- 
tion lias  been  rated  at  750,000,  but  tiiere  is 
reason  to  iK-lievc  that  it  exceeds  that  number. 
A  small  belt  of  tiie  island  only  has  yet  .been 
cultivated.  A  chain  of  mountains,  not  very 
lofty,  extends  through  the  whole  island.  The 
soil  is  exceedingly  fertile;  the  chmate  more 
temperate  than  that  of  most  of  the  other  islands; 
and  Cuba  is  justly  considered  the  healthiest 
and  most  fruitflil  settlement  in  the  Antilles. 
It  is,  probably,  the  richest  island,  all  things 
considered,  in  the  world.  Gold  was  formerly 
found  in  the  island,  and  eoi)])er  and  iron  abound. 
It  is  famed,  also,  for  mineral  waters,  and  salt 
springs.  Its  chief  wealth  is  derived  from  its 
extensive  sugar  plantations.  Coffee  is  its  next 
most  important  product.  Its  tobacco  is  the 
best  in  the  world.  It  abounds  in  trees,  among 
which  arc  many  fitted  for  ship-timber.  Bees 
have  multiplied  to  a  great  extent.  Cattle,  as 
in  New  Spain,  have  become  wild  in  the  woods, 
and  are  killed  for  their  hides  and  taJlow.  The 
people  are  active  and  enter])rising,  and  the 
revenue,  formerly  reckoned  at  2,000,000  of 
piastres,  is  now  much  more  than  donl)le  that 
sum.  The  military  force,  chiefly  militia,  con- 
sists of  20,000,  most  of  whom  are  ill  discij)liii<'(l. 
Chief  towns  are,  Havana,  Puerto  del  Prhieipc, 
St.  .Tago,  and  Matanzas. 

Cl'BB'S  CI{EEK,  Va.  runs  into  Staunton 
river,  lon.  79=  W.  lat.  36=  47'  N. 
('UCKOOVILLE,  V.  Louisa  co.  Va. 
CULPEPER,  CO.  NE.  part  of  Va.  bounded 
NE.  by  Fauquier  co.  SE.  by  SjKjttsylvania  and 
Orange  cos.  SVV.  by  Madison  co.  and  N  W.  bv 
Shenandoah  co.  Pop.  24,026,  of  whom  11,41!) 
arc  sliives.     Chief  town,  Fairfax. 

CUMBERLAND,  co.  SW.  j.art  of  Maine, 
bounded  W.  and  N.  by  Oxford  eo.  E.  by  Lin- 
coin  CO.  SE.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  SW.  by  York 
CO.     Poi>.  ()0,113.     Chief  town,  Portland. 

CUMBERLAND,  t.  Providence  co.  R.  I.  on 
NE.  side  of  the  Pawtucket;  6  m.  N.  from  Prov- 
idence.  Pop.  3,675.  Here  are  several  cotton 
manufactories. 

CUMBERLAND,  co.  N.  J.  bounded  N.  by 
Gloucester  eo.  E.  by  Cape  May  co.  S.  by  Dcd- 
aware  bay,  and  W.  by  Salem  eo.  Pop.  in  1820, 
12,668;  in  1830,  14,091.  Chief  town,  Bridge- 
town. 
CUMBERLAND,  t.  Adams  co.  Pa. 
CUMBERLAND,  t.  Greene  co.  Pa.  W.  of 
the  Monongahela.     Pop.  1,.59]. 

CUMBERLAND,  co.  Pa.  W.  of  the  Susquo- 
hannah,  Iwnnded  N.  by  Miillin  co.  E.  by  Dau- 
phin CO.  S.  by  York  and  Adams  cos.  and  SW. 
and  W.  by  Franklin  co.  Poj).  in  1820,  23,606; 
in  1830,  29,218.    Chief  town,  Carlisle. 

CUMBERLAND,  t.  and  cap.  Alleghany  co. 
Md.  on  the  Potomac,  at  the  jujiction  of  W^ills' 
Creek,  148  m.  W.  by  N.  from  Baltimore,  1.55 
from  W.  It  contains  a  court-house,  ii  jail,  a 
market-house,  a  bunk,  and  3  houst  of  public 


li 


248 


CUM— DAN 


worship,  1  for  Lutherans,  1  for  Roman  Catho- 
lics, and  1  for  Methodists. 

CUMBERLAND,  co.  central  part  of  Va. 
bounded  N.  by  James  river,  E.  by  Powhatan 
and  Amelia  cos.  S.  by  Prince  Edward  co.  and 
W.  by  Buckingham  co.  Pop.  11,689,  of  whom 
7,309  are  slaves.    Chief  town,  Cartersville. 

CUMBERLAND,  co.  central  part  of  N.  C. 
Pop.  in  1620,  14,446;  in  1830, 14,824.  Chief 
town,  Faycttcville. 

CUMBERLAND,  co.  S.  part  of  Ken.  Pop. 
8,636.    Chief  town,  Burkesville. 

CUMBERLAND,  t.  New  Kent  co.  Va.  on 
SW.  side  of  the  Pamunky,  about  35  m.  E.  from 
Richmond. 

CUMBI!RLAND,  a  town  and  fort  of  British 
America,  in  a  county  of  the  same  name,  form- 
ing the  isthnms  which  unites  Nova  Scotia  to 
New  Brunswick.  The  fort  is  situate  at  the 
head  of  the  bay  of  Fundy,  on  the  east  side  of 
its  northern  branch,  called  Chignecto  Bay. 
The  isthmus  is  here  about  15  m.  across,  easily 
admitting  a  canal  to  unite  the  Bay  of  Fundy 
with  the  Gulf  of  St  Lawrence.  Lon.  64°  10' 
W.  lat.  45°  45'  N. 

CUMBERLAND  GAP,  pass  through  the 
Cumberland  mountains,  in  Claiborne  co.  Ten. ; 
130  m.  S.  from  Lexington. 

CUMBERLAND  HOUSE,  a  station  of  the 
Hudson  Bay  Company,  in  the  country  of  the 
Knisteneaux  Indians,  on  the  SW.  side  of  Pine 
•Island  Lake,  in  lat.  54°  N.  lon.  102°  W. 

CUMBERLAND  MOUNTAINS,  in  Ten. 
The  range  commences  in  SW.  part  of  Pa., 
and  in  Va.  it  takes  the  name  of  Laurel  Moun- 
tain, passes  through  SE.  part  of  Kentucky, 
and  terminates  in  Tennessee ;  80  m.  SE.  from 
Nashville.  A  considerable  portion  of  this 
mountain  in  Tennessee,  is  composed  of  stu- 
pendous piles  of  craggy  rocks.  It  is  tliinly 
covered  with  trees,  and  has  springs  impreg- 
nated with  alum.  Lime-stone  is  found  on  both 
sides  of  it. 

CUMBERLAND,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Geo. 
20  m.  S.  from  Frederica ;  between  the  mouth 
of  the  Great  Satilla  and  Prince  William's 
Sound.     It  is  about  20  m.  in  circumference. 

CUMBERLAND,  r.  rises  on  the  Cumber- 
land mountains,  in  the  south-east  part  of  Ken. 
through  which  it  has  a  course  of  200  miles,  it 
has  a  circuit  in  Ti  'inessee  of  180  miles,  thence 
north,  and  joins  tho  Ohio  in  Kentucky,  11  m. 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Tennessee. 

CUMBERLAND  VALLEY,  t.  Bedford  co. 
Pa.    Pop.  570. 

CUMMINGTON,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass. 
20  m.  NW.  from  Northampton.  Pop.  in  1820, 
1,060;  in  1830, 1260. 

CURRACOA,  an  island  in  the  Caribbean 
Sea,  lying  oiF  the  coast  of  Colombia,  near  the 
entrance  to  the  Gulf  and  Lake  Maracaibo,  35 
miles  long  and  12  broad,  subject  to  the  Dutch. 
It  produces  sugar,  tobacco,  and  salt ;  has  nu- 
merous warehouses,  which  used  formerly  to 
supply  the  adjacent  coast  with  the  productions 
of  Euroi>e  and  Asia,  and  which  still  continue 
to  do  so  to  some  extent.  In  1800  some  French 
having  settled  on  part  of  the  island,  and  be- 
coming at  variance  with  the  Dutch,  the  latter 


surrendered  the  island  to  a  single  British  frig 
ate.  It  was  restored  to  the  Dutch  by  the  peace 
of  1802,  and  taken  from  them  by  a  British 
squadron  in  1807,  and  again  restored  by  the 
peace  of  1814.  'The  principal  town  is  St.  Pe. 
ter,  at  the  NE.  extremity  of  the  island.  Lon. 
69°  15'  W.  lat.  12°  52'  N. 

CURRENT,  a  township  in  Lawrence  ca 
Arkansas. 

CURVINSVILLE,  v.  Clearfield  co.  Pa. 

CURRITUCK,  a  maritime  co.  at  the  NE. 
extremity  of  North  Carolina,  the  N.  end  bor- 
dering  on  the  Great  Dismal  Swamp  of  Virginia, 
and  S.  end  on  Albemarle  Sound.  This  was 
formerly  a  very  dreary  district,  but  some  of 
the  land  within  the  present  century  has  been 
rendered  very  productive  in  rice.  Pop.  7,654. 
The  country  gives  name  to  one  of  the  inlets 
into  Albemarle  Sound. 

CUYAHOGA,  a  stream  of  Ohio  falling  into 
Lake  Erie  at  Cleveland.  The  great  Ohio 
canal  passes  along  this  river,  and  joins  the 
lake  at  its  mouth.    See  Ohio  Canal. 

CUYAHOGA,  a  co.  of  Ohio,  bordering  upon 
Lake  Erie  at  the  outlet  of  the  above  stream. 
Pop.  10,360.    Cleaveland  is  the  capital. 

CYNTHIANA,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ken. 

D. 

DACHEET,  r.  of  Arkansas  and  Louisiana, 
rises  in  the, former,  and  flowing  S.  into  the  lat- 
ter, falls  into  the  head  of  Lake  Bistineau. 

DAGSBOROUGH,  t.  and  hundred,  Susse.T 
CO.  Delaware,  S.  of  Indiana  river  ;  127  m.  S, 
from  Philadelphia,  144  from  W. 

D'AILLEBOUT,  Seigniory,  Warwick  co, 
L.  Canada. 

DALTON,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  on  E.  side  of 
the  Connecticut;  8  ra.  S.  from  Lancaster, 
Pop.  532. 

DALTON,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.;  12  m. 
NNE.  from  Lenox,  130  W.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
791.  Here  are  2  paper-mills,  and  a  cotton 
and  woollen  manufactory. 

DALETOWN,  v.  Wilcox  co.  Ala. 

DALLAS,  CO.  Ala.  bounded  by  Wilcox  S. 
Marengo  W.  Greene  NW.  Perry  N.  Autauga 
NE.  and  Montgomery  E.  Length  45  m. 
mean  width  24.  Chief  town,  Cahawba.  Pop. 
14,017. 

DALMATIA,  v.  Northumberland  co.  Pa. 

DALRYMPLE'S  POINT,  cape,  in  the 
island  of  Dominica,  2  m.  S.  from  Charlotte's 
Town. 

DAMARISCOTTA,  river  of  Maine,  or  ra- 
ther a  long  deep  bay,  extending  from  the  At- 
lantic ocean  into  Lincoln  co.  tetween  Booth- 
bay  and  Bristol. 

DAMASCUS,  t.  Wayne  co.  Pa.  on  Dcla- 
ware  river ;  18  m.  NW.  from  Bethany.  Pop. 
400. 

DAMASCUS,  V.  in  the  NE.  part  of  Frede- 
rick  CO.  Md.  on  the  road  from  New  Market  to 
Bamestown. 

DAMASCUS,  V.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 

DAMASC^US,  V.  Logan  co.  Ohio. 

DAME'S  GORE,  Gratton  co.  N.  H.  Pop- 
38. 

DAN,  r.  rises  on  the  borders  of  North  Car- 


DAN— DAR 


249 


)  in  Lawrence  co. 


rders  of  North  Car- 


olina and  Virginia,  and  flowing  through  a  fer- 
tile country,  unites  with  Staunton  river  to  form 
the  Roanoke.  It  is  navigable  to  Danville, 
where  there  are  falls  of  22  or  23  feet  perpen- 
dicular ;  but  by  the  improvements  which  are 
contemplated,  its  nr, igui;on  will  be  extended 
100  miles  from  its  r  .outh, 

DANA,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass. ;  23  m.  N  VV. 
from  Worcester,  70  m.  W.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
623. 

DANBURY,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.;  25  m. 
NW.  from  Concord.    Pop.  786. 

DANBURY,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  The  courts 
are  held  alternately  here  !ind  at  Fairfield.  The 
village  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  academy, 
4  churches,  1  each  for  Presbyterians,  Episco- 
palians, Sandemaiiians  and  Methodists ;  and 
200  dwelling-houses.  Danbury  is  the  most 
considerable  town  in  tiie  county  in  the  extent 
and  variety  of  business  carried  on.  Here  are 
not  less  than  50  shops  for  the  manufacture  of 
hats.  It  is  33  m.  WNW.  from  New  Haven, 
54  SW.  from  Hartford,  65  from  N.  York,  40 
from  Ncwburgh.  Pop.  4,325.  In  1777  the 
town,  with  a  large  quantity  of  military  stores, 
was  burnt  by  the  British.  In  the  subsequent 
battle,  Maj.  Gen.  Wooster  was  slaui. 

DANBURY,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  comprises 
the  peninsula  between  Portage  river  and  San- 
dusky Bay.  It  is  about  20  m.  long,  and  2  or 
3  wide,  and  terminates  in  Point  Prospect.  A 
custom-house  is  kept .  at  Bull  Island,  on  the 
southern  shore  of  the  peninsula  near  the  point. 
Pop.  200. 

DANBY,  t  Rutland  co.  Vt ;  32  m.  W.  from 
Windsor.    Pop.  1,362. 

DANBY,  t.  Tomkins  co.  N.  Y. ;  8  m.  N. 
from  Spencer.    Pop.  2,481. 

DANCEY'S  STORE,  v.  Northampton  co. 
N.C. 

DANDRIDGE,  t.  and  cap.  Jefferson  co. 
Ten.  on  French  Broad  river,  33  m.  E.  from 
Knoxville. 

DANIEL  HILL,  v.  Rowan  co.  N.  C. 

DANIELSVILLE,  v.  Spottsylvania  co.  Va. 

DANIELSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Madison  co. 
Geo. ;  90  m.  from  Milledgeville. 

DANSVILLE,  t  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.;  35  m. 
NW.  from  Bath.     Pop.  1,728. 

DANUBE,  t.  in  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
1,723. 

DANVERS,  t  Essex  co.  Mass.  adjoining 
Salem;  16  m.  NE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  4,288. 
It  contains  2  meeting-houses  for  Congrega- 
tionalists  and  1  for  Baptists.  The  most  con- 
siderable and  compact  settlement  is  a  continu- 
ation of  the  principal  street  of  Salem.  Large 
quantities  of  b'icks,  earthenware,  and  leather 
are  manufactured  here.  In  the  village  of  New 
Mills,  at  the  head  of  Beverly  river,  there  is  a 
liirge  iron  manufactory,  and  tlie  business  of 
ship-building  is  carried  on. 

DANVILLE,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Me.  Pop. 
1,128. 

DANVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Caledonia  co.  Vt. ; 
28  m.  ENE.  from  Montpelier,  165  NNW.  from 
Boston,  535  from  W.  Lon.  72°  2'  W.  lat  44° 
2«'  N.  Pop.  3,631.  This  is  a  pleasant  and 
valuable  agricultural  town,  and  it  has  a  small 
2G 


village  containing  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  print- 
ing-oftice,  a  Congregational  meeting-house, 
and  it  is  a  place  of  some  trade. 

DANVILLE,  t.  Sleuben  co.  N.  Y. ;  20  m. 
NW.  from  Bath.     Pop.  1,728. 

DANVILLE,  t.  and  cnp.  Cohimbia  co.  Pa. 
on  the  Susquehannah,  at  the  entrance  of  .Ma- 
honing creek,  11  m.  above  Northumberland. 
There  is  a  copper  mine  near  this  town. 

DANVILLE,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  Y. 

DANVILLE,  t.  Pittsylvania  co.  Va.  on  the 
river  Dan,  130  m.  by  water,  and  116  by  hind 
above  tlie  great  i'alls  of  the  Roanoke,  abfjut  70 
m.  S.  by  W.  from  Lynchburg,  150  SW.  by 
W.  from  Richmond,  291  from  W.  Lon.  1U° 
25'  W.  lat.  36°  34'  N.  It  is  situated  at  the 
Falls  of  the  Dan,  on  a  wide  and  beautiful 
plain,  rising  gradually  from  the  river  to  a  Mgh 
eminence,  which  commands  an  extensive  nnd 
picturesque  prospect,  embracing  a  view  of  fiie 
Falls,  the  gentle  current  of  the  river  below, 
and  the  verdant  hills  and  cultivated  fields  of 
the  surrounding  country.  A  canal  nearly  a 
mile  in  length  has  been  formed  around  the 
Falls,  which  affords  extensive  and  excellent 
seats  for  mills  and  manufactories,  which  are 
improved  to  considerable  extent.  The  Roa- 
noke Navigation  Company  have  constructed  a 
canal  with  locks  around  the  Falls ;  and  a  basin 
is  formed  in  the  centre  of  the  town,  safe  and 
convenient  for  the  batteau  navigation  of  the 
river.  Danville  has  become  the  upland  depot 
of  an  extensive  commerce,  embracing  not  only 
the  adjacent  fertile  districts  of  Virginia  and  Pf. 
CaroUna,  but  also  a  great  part  of  East  Ten- 
nessee. The  articles  of  commerce  consist  of 
wheat,  flour,  tobacco,  cotton,  whisky,  brandy, 
Indian  corn,  beef,  pork,  butter,  poultry,  lumber, 
and  iron.  Batteaux,  carrying  from  8  to  12  hogs- 
heads of  tobacco,  and  from  30  to  40  barrels  of 
flour,  have  a  convenient  navigation  from  this 
place  to  the  Falls  of  the  Roano!;e.  Roads  lead 
to  Danville  from  various  directions,  both  from 
Virginia  and  North  Carolina.  The  town  has 
a  very  healthy  situation,  and  contains  an  acad- 
emy  with  45  or  50  students.  A  newspaper  ia 
published  here. 

DANVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Mercer  co.  Ken. 
on  the  SW.  side  of  Dick's  river,  40  m.  S.  by 
W.  from  Frankfort,  33  SSW.  from  Lexington. 
Lat  37°  30'  N.  Pop.  849.  It  has  a  court- 
house and  jail,  and  a  church.  Several  mills 
and  factories  arc  erected  here.  A  charter  for 
a  college  at  this  place  has  been  granted  by  the 
legislature ;  2  professors,  1  of  languages  and  1 
of  mathematics  are  appointed,  and  a  large 
brick  building  2  stories  high  is  erected. 

DANVILLE,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio;  13  m  NE. 
from  Mount  Vernon. 

DANVILLE,  V.  Hendricks  co.  In. 

DARBY,  Lower,  v.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  on  the 
E.  side  of  Darby  creek,  which  runs  into  the 
Delaware,  7  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Philadelphia. 

DARBY,  Upper,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  ad- 
joining Lower  Darby.    Pop.  700. 

DARBY,  t.  Madison  co.  Ohio,  NE.  from 
London.    Pop.  500. 

DARBY,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  14  m.  NW 
from  Circleville.    Pop.  600. 


250 


DAR— DEA 


DARBY,  t  Union  ro.  Ohio.    Top.  500. 
DARBY,  t  Columbia  co.  Georgia. 
DARBY,  cape  of  N.  America,  on  the  N. 
Pacific  ocean,  SW.  from  the  mouth  of  Norman 
river.   I,on,  86°  30'  from  W.  lat.  64°  21'  N. 

DARBY  RIVER,  one  of  the  western 
branches  of  the  Scioto  river,  rises  in  Union, 
Champaign,  and  Franklin  cos.  and  by  a  coni' 
parative  course  of  65  m.  SSE.  falls  into  Scioto 
river  opposite  Circleville. 

DARDANELLES,  a  place  in  Cadron,  Ar- 
kansas  Territory,  on  Arkansas  river,  where 
the  Agent  of  the  Cherokee  Indians  resides. 
Two  rocky  ridges  here  border  the  river  for 
some  distance,  whence  originated  the  name. 

DARDENNE,  t.  St.  Cliarles  district,  Miso. ; 
1,001  from  W. 

DARIEN,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  Pop.  1,201. 
DARIEN,  t.  and  s-p.  M'Intosh  co.  Geo.  on 
the  N.  side  and  principal  channel  of  the  Ala- 
timaha,  12  m.  above  the  bar,  and  190  below 
Milledgcville.  The  town  is  situated  upon  a 
sandy  blutf,  and  has  advanced  in  wealth  and 
population  with  great  rapidity.  It  has  a  bank 
with  a  capital  of  $150,000.  Lon.  4°  37'  W. 
from  W.  lat.  31°  23'  N. 

DARKE,  CO.  Ohio,  bounded  W.  by  Indiana, 
N.  by  Mercer,  E.  by  Shelby  and  Miami,  SE. 
by  Montgomery,  and  S.  by  Preble.  Length 
32  m.  width  21.  Chief  town,  Greenville.  Pop. 
in  1820,  3,717;  in  1830,  6,203. 

DARKENVILLE,  v.  Berkeley  co.  Va. 
D.i^RNESTOWN,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Md. ; 
65  m.  from  W. 

DARLING  ISLAND,  the  largest  of  two 
islands  in  the  entrance  of  Lake  Simcoe,  U.  C. 
DARLINGS,  V.  on  Owl  creek,  Knox  co. 
Ohio ;  15  m.  E.  from  Vernon. 

DARLING  TOWNSHIP,  in  tlie  co.  of 
Durham,  U.  C.  lies  to  the  W.  of  Clarke,  and 
fronts  on  Lake  Ontario. 

DARLINGTON,  dist.  S.  C;  bounded  by 
Sumpter  SW.  by  Kershaw  W.  Chesterfield 
NW.  Marlborough  NE.  and  Marion  and  Wil- 
liamsburg  SE.  Length  34  m.  width  28.  Chief 
town,  Darlington.  Pop.  1820,  10,949;  in 
1830,  12,000. 

DARLINGTON,  v.  and  scat  of  justice, 
Darlington  district,  S.  C. ;  on  Black  creek, 
very  near  tlie  centre  of  the  district,  40  m.  E. 
from  Camden. 

DARLINGTON,  t  Warwick  co.  Indiana, 
a  short  distance  from  the  Ohio,  about  40  m. 
SSE.  *Vom  Princeton. 

DARTMOUTH,  t.  and  s-p.  Bristol  co,  Mass. 
It  is  situated  on  the  NW.  side  of  Buzzard's 
Bay,  r.hout  75  m.  S.  of  Boston.     Pop.  3,867. 

DARTOWN,  V.  BuUer  co.  Ohio;  111  m. 
SW.  from  Columbus. 

DARVILLES,  v.  Dinwiddle  co.  Va. 
DAVENPORT,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
1,780. 

DAVIDSONVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Lawrence 
CO.  Arkansas  Territory,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
Black  river,  at  the  junction  of  Spring  river. 

DAVIDSON,  CO.  Ten.  situated  on  the  W. 
side  of  Cumberland  Mountains,  bounded  by 
Robertson  N.  Sumuer  NE.  Wilson  and  Rutli- 


crford  E.  Williamson  S.  and  Dickson  W. 
Length  26  m.  mean  width  22.  Chief  town, 
Nashville.    Pop.  22,523. 

DAVIDSTOVVN,  v.  Hunterdon  co.  N.J.; 
10  m.  above  Trenton,  on  the  Asimpink  creek. 
DAVIES,  CO.  of  Ken.  bounded  by  Ohio  river 
N.  Breckenridge  NE.  Ohio  SE.  Muhlenbiirgh 
S.  Hopkins  SW.  and  Henderson  W.  Length 
30  m.  mean  width  20.  Chief  town,  Owens- 
burg.     Pop.  5,218. 

Da  VIES,  CO.  of  Indiana,  between  /the  two 
main  branches  of  White  river;  boundtd  by 
Dubois  SE.  and  S.  Gibson  SW.  Knox  W.  Sui- 
livan  NW.  and  Monroe  and  Lawrence  NE. 
Ijcngth  60  m.  mean  width  15.  Chief  town, 
Washington.    Pop.  4,512. 

DAVIS'S  COVE,  harbor  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Jamaica,  2  ni.  N.  Green  Island  Harbor. 
DAVIS'S,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va. 
DAVISBOROUGH,  v.  Washington  co.Gco. 
DAVISBURG,  L  Christian  co.  Ken. 
DAVIS'S  STORE,  v.  Rapide  co.  La.      .. 
DAVIS  TAVERN,  v.  Sussex  co.  Va. 
DAUPHIN,  CO.  Pa.  on  the  E.  side  of  tlie 
Susquehonnah ;  bounded  N.  by  Northuniber- 
land,  E.  by  Schuylkill   and  Lebanon,  S.  by 
Lancaster,  and  W.  by  the  Susquehonnah  which 
separates  it  from  Cumberland.    Pop.  25,303. 
Chief  town,  Harrisburg. 

DAUPHIN,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Alabama, 
between  which  and  Mobile  Point,  3J  m.  dis- 
tant, is  the  entrance  of  Mobile  Bay.  Lon.  88<^ 
7'  W.  lat.  30°  10'  N. . 

DAUPHIN,  Fort,  s-p.  in  the  N.  part  of  St. 
Domingo.    Lat.  19°  41'  N. ;  lon.  72°  40'  W. 

DAUPHIN,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs  into 
Lake  Winnipec,  in  lat  52°  15'  N. 

DAVISON  POINT,  on  the  W.  coast  of  N. 
America.    Lat.  55°  N. 

DAWFUSKEE,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  S,C.  at 
the  entrance  of  Savannah  river. 

DAYTON,  t.  and  cap.  Montgomery  co.Ohio, 
on  the  Miami,  just  below  tlie  junction  of  Mad 
river,  52  m.  N.  from  Cincinnati,  66  W.  fi-om 
Columbus,  40  SE.  from  Urbanna.  Pop.  2,965. 
The  public  buildings  are  a  court-house  and  jail, 
2  houses  of  public  worship,  1  for  Presbyteri- 
ans, and  1  for  Methodists,  a  bank,  and  an 
academy.  Mad  river  affords  uncommon  ad- 
vantages for  water-works,  and  numerous  mills 
are  erected  upon  it. 

DEAD  RIVER,  Me.  the  W.  branch  of  the 
Kennebec.  It  rises  in  the  highlands  which 
separr.te  Maine  from  Canada,  and  joins  the  E. 
branch  about  20  m.  from  Moosehcad  Lake. 

DEAD  RIVER,  N.  H.  runs  into  tlie  Mar- 
gallawav. 

DEAD  RIVER,  NW.  Territory,  runs  into 
Lal<e  Superior,  is  50  yards  wide,  and  beatable 
at  its  mouth. 

DEAL,  v.  N.  J.  on  the  sea-shore,  in  Mon- 
mouth CO.  famous  as  a  watering  place,  7  m.  S. 
from  Shrewsbury. 

DEARBORN,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  Pop. 
616. 

DEARBORN,  co.  In.  on  Ohio  r.  bounded 
by  the  state  of  Ohio  and  the  Ohio  r.  E.,  Swit- 
zerland S.,  Ripley  W.,  and  Franklin  N. ;  length 


\«i».  ,>»;*•■-    "i\'- 


-•^frn   *-- 


DEA— DEL 


\ir>i 


le  coast  of  S.  C.  at 


rritory,  runs  into 
'ide,  and  beatable 

i-shore,  in  Mon- 
ing  place,  7  m.  S. 

ck  CO.  Me.    Pop. 

Ohio  r.  bounded 
Ohio  r.  E.,  Swit- 
inklin  N. ;  length 


27  nil,  mean  width  15.  Chief  town,  Lawrence- 
burg.    Pop.  14,578. 

DEARBORN,  r.  a  W.  branch  of  Missouri, 
into  which  it  foils  above  the  rapids. 

DECATUR,  V.  Adams  co.  Ohio,  117  m. 
SSW.  from  Ck)lumbu8. 

DECATUR,  V.  Morgan  co.  Ala.  about  200 
m.  N.  from  Cahawba. 

DECATUR,  t.  Otsego  ca  N.  Y.  12  m.  SE. 
from  Cooperstown.     Pop.  1,110. 

DECATUR,  t  Mifflin  co.  Pa. 

DECATUR,  t  Brown  co.  Ohio,  9  m.  W. 
from  West  Union. 

DECATUR,  t.  Lawrence  co.  Ohio. 

DEGHE,  r,  Indiana,  runs  into  the  Wabash 
from  tlie  NE.  8  m.  below  Vincennes. 

DECKERSTOWN,  v,  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  on 
the  Papaoossing  branch  of  Wallkill  r.  20  m. 
NNE  from  Newtown,  and  102  a  little  E.  of 
N.  fpom  Trenton. 

DEDHAM,  t  and  cap.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  10 
ra.  SW.  from  Boston,  30  NNE.  from  Provi- 
denee.  Lon.  7P  12' W.;  lat.  42°  16' N.  Pop. 
3,117.  It  contains  a  court>house,  jail,  bank,  2 
printing-offices,  and  6  houses  of  public  worship, 
4  for  Congregationalists,  1  for  Episcopalians, 
and  1  for  Baptists.  The  town  is  watered  by 
Charles  and  Neponset  rivers,  which  afford  nu- 
merous seats  for  mills  and  manufacturing  es- 
tablishments, which  are  improved  to  a  consid- 
erable extent. 

DEEP  RIVER,  in  N.  C.  one  of  the  main 
and  higher  branches  of  Cape  Fear  river. 

DEER,  or  Chevreuil,  r.  N.  A.  runs  into  the 
E.  side  of  the  Mississippi,  37  m.  above  the  falls 
of  Peckagama. 

DEER  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  joins  the  Scioto 
from  the  W.  7  m.  N.  from  Chillicothe. 

DEER  CREEK,  t  Pickaway  ca  Ohio,  9  m. 
W.  from  Circleville.    Pop.  2,000. 

DEER  CREEK,  t  Madison  ca  Ohia 

DEERFIELD,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  on  the 
W.  side  of  Connecticut  r.  4  m.  S.  from  Green- 
field,  17  N.  from  Northampton,  92  W.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  2,003.  It  contains  a  handsome 
village,  witli  a  chare' .  and  an  academy,  and  is 
in  a  very  fertile  country. 

DEERFIELD,  t  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
Pop.  2,086. 

DEERFIELD,  t  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  opposite 
Utica,  on  the  Mohawk.     Pop.  4,182. 

DEERFIELD,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J. 

DEERFIELD,  t.  Tioga  ca  Pa. 

DEERFIELD,  t.  Warren  ca  Ohia 

DEERFIELD,  t.  Morean  ca  Ohia 

DEERFIELD,  v.  Augusta  ca  Va.  152  m. 
NNW.  from  Richmond. 

DEERFIELD  RIVER,  rises  in  Vt.  and 
flowing  S.  enters  Mass.  turns  to  nearly  E.  and 
fii'ils  into  Connecticut  river  between  Greenfield 
and  Dcerfifld. 

DEERFIELD  SHEET,  v.  in  the  N.  part 
of  ("uriibcrl.ind  co.  N.J.  on  Cohansey  creek, 
between  Woodl)urv  and  Brifijjcton,  64  m.  SSW. 
fioin  'I'renton,  and  35  S.  from  Philadelphia. 

DEERING,  t  Hillsborough  ca  N.  H.   Pop. 

DEER  ISLAND,  New  Brunswick,  in  Pas- 
nanianuoddy  buy.     Pop.  2,217. 


DEER  ISLE,  isl.  and  t  Hancock  co.  Me. 
on  the  E.  side  of  Penobscot  bay,  9  m.  SE.  from 
Castine.    Pop.  2,217. 

DEER  PARK,  t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  on  D(  I- 
aware  r.  14  m.  N.  of  W.  Goshen,  30  W.  from 
Newburgh,  12.'>  from  Albany.     Pop.  1,167. 

DEKALB,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Oswegatchic,  20  iii.  from  its  junction  with  the 
St.  Lawrence.  Pop.  1,061.  There  is  a  good 
boat  navigation  to  the  mouth  of  the  river. 

DE  LA  FOUCMI-;  BAY,  on  the  NW.  coast 
of  America.    Lat.  62^  .39'  N. 

DELAWARE,  co.  N.  Y.  on  Delaware  river, 
bounded  N.  by  Otsego,  E.  by  Schoharie  and 
Greene,  S.  by  Ulster  and  Sullivan,  and  W.  by 
Broome  and  Chenango  and  Delaware  r.  which 
separates  it  from  Peimsylvania.  Pop.  32,933. 
Chief  town,  Delhi. 

DELAWARE,  ca  in  the  SE.  part  of  Pa. 
on  Delaware  r.  Pop.  17,361.  Chief  town, 
Chester. 

DELAWARE  BAY,  a  spacious  bay  of  the 
U.  S.  between  the  states  of  Delaware  and  New 
Jersey.  Its  entrance  is  20  m.  wide,  between 
Cape  May  in  lat.  38=^  56'  N.  and  Cape  Henlo- 
pen  in  lat.  38°  47'  N.  It  is  65  m.  long  from 
Fisher's  Point  to  Cape  Henlopen,  and  in  tlie 
broadest  part  30  m.  wide. 

DELAWARE  CITY,  v.  Newcastle  ca  Del. 
on  the  Delaware  r.  at  the  mouth  of  the  Chcsi»- 
peake  and  Delaware  canal.  It  is  a  small  vil- 
lage, but  contains  some  fine  houses. 

DELAWARE  RIVER,  rises  in  N.  Y.  in 
the  Catskill  mountains.  In  its  course,  it  re- 
sembles the  letter  W.  It  separates  Pennsyl- 
vania from  New  York  and  New  Jersey,  and 
runs  into  Delaware  bay,  5  m.  below  Newcastle. 
It  is  navigable  for  ships  of  the  line  40  m.  to 
Philadelphia,  and  for  sloops  35  m.  further  to 
the  head  of  the  tide,  at  Trenton  falls.  Above 
the  falls,  it  is  navigable  100  m.  for  boats  of  8 
or  9  tons.  The  whole  length,  from  its  source 
to  the  bay,  is  300  m. 

DELAWARE,  state,  see  page  84. 

DELAWARE,  t.  King  WUliam  ca  Vn.  on 
the  point  between  the  Pamunky  and  Mata- 
pony  rivers. 

DELAWARE,  ca  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto  and 
Whitestone  rivers,  and  on  Alum  creek,  bound- 
ed by  Franklin  S.  Madison  SW.  Union  W. 
Marion  N.  and  Knox  and  Licking  E. ;  length 
27  m.  mean  breadth  24.  Chief  town,  Dela- 
wara     Pop.  11,523. 

DELAWARE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Dela- 
ware CO.  Ohio,  on  Whitestone  branch  of  Scioto. 
?25  m.  N.  from  Columbus.  Lat.  48°  18'  N.,  Ion. 
from  W.  6°  5'  W. 

DELAWARE,  ca  Indiana.  Pop.  2,372. 
Munnytown  is  tlie  capital. 

DELAWARE,  r.  E.  Florida,  runs  into  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  near  Cape  Roman. 

DET>AVVARE,  t  Wayne  co.  Pa,  on  the 
river  [)plav7;ir('. 

D^;l,l•]R'i',  Seigniory,  Huntingdon  co.  L.C. 
on  the  Soreile  r.  27  m.  SSE.  from  Montreal. 

DELHL  t  Hamilton  co.  Ohia    Pop.  1,15a 

DELHI,  t  and  cap.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  Delaware,  68  m.  W.  from  Catskill,  70  SW. 
from  Albany.     Pop.  2,114.    The  township  is 


•   m- 


'h^:J^"*'" 


i!»  i 


fi 
i 


252 


DEL-DET 


extensive ;  near  its  centre  there  is  a  pleasant 
villafro  containing  the  county  buildings. 

DELISTE,  small  r.  which  rises  in  U.  Can- 
ada,  and  falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence,  in  Lower 
Canada,  near  its  W.  boundary. 

DELM AR,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  25  m.  NW. 
from  Williamsport.     Pop.  900. 

DELM  AR,  t.  Tioga  CO.  Pa. 

DELPHI,  t.  Marion  co.  Ten. 

DELPHI,  V.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y. 

DEMIQUAIN,  r.  II.  rr-.s  into  the  Illinois  r. 
from  the  NW.  16(J  m.  above  its  mouth.  It  is 
said  to  be  navigable  120  m. 

DEMOPOLIS,  V.  Morengo  co.  Ala. 

DEMOTT'S  STORE,  v.  in  Romulus,  Sen- 
eca  CO.  N.  Y. 

DENBIGH,  Cape,  on  NW.  coast  of  Ameri- 
ca, in  Norton  Sound.    Lat.  65°  23'  N. 

DENMARK,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  30  m.  SW. 
from  Paris.    Pop.  954. 

DENMARK,  or  Harrisburg,  t.  Lewis  co. 
N.  Y.  on  Black  river,  150  m.  NW.  from  Alba- 
ny,  4m  from  W,    Pop.  2,270. 

DENMARK,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  E.  from 
Jefferson,  379  m.  from  W. 

DENMARK,  v.  Lewis  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black  r. 
on  the  road  from  Utica  to  Sncket's  Harbor. 
Fop.  in  1620, 1,745 ;  in  1830,  2,270. 

DENNIS,  t  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  on  Barn- 
stable  Bay,  9  m.  ENE.  from  Barnstable,  76  SE. 
from  Boston,  492  from  W.  Pop.  2,317.  It. 
contains  3  meeting-houses,  2  for  Congregation- 
alists,  and  1  for  Quakers. 

DENNIS,  V.  Amelia  co.  Va. 

DENNIS  CREEK,  v.  Cape  May  co.  N.  J. 
by  the  postroad  101  m.  nearly  S.  from  Trenton. 
The  village  of  Dennis  Creek  stands  on  a  creek 
of  that  name,  about  30  ra.  S.  by  E.  fr.  Bridgeton. 

DENNY'S  RIV?R,  Washington  co.  Me. 
runs  into  a  bay  of  the  same  name  which  forms 
the  N.  branch  of  Cobscook  Bay. 

DENNYSVILLE,  t.  Washington  co.  Me. 
lies  on  the  bay  and  river  of  the  same  name 
and  on  Penimaquan  Bay.  The  village  is  hand- 
somely built  at  tlie  head  of  tide  water  on  Den- 
ny's river,  and  contains  several  saw-mills,  a 
grist-mL'l,  fulling-mill,  carding-niachine,  and 
tannery.  It  is  well  situated  for  manufactures : 
17  m.  iVW.  from  Eastport.    Pop.  856. 

DENTON,  t.  and  .cap.  Caroline  co.  Md.  on 
the  Choptank,  37  m.  SSW.  from  Chester,  95 
from  W.  It  is  a  small  town,  regularly  laid 
out,  and  contains  a  bank. 

DEPOSIT,  v.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y  on  the 
Delaware,  14  m.  SE.  from  Oquago,  331  from 
W.  This  village  has  considerable  trade  in 
lumber. 

DEPTFORD,  t  Gloucester  co.  N.  J. 

DE  RAMSAY,  2  Seigniories,  in  L.  C.  one 
in  Richelieu  co.  36  m.  E.  from  Montreal,  and 
the  other  in  Warwick  co. 

DERBANE,r.  Louisiana,  which  flows  ESE. 
and  joins  the  Ouachitta,  lat.  32°  39'  N.  It  is 
navigable  for  large  boats  30  or  40  m. 

DERBANE,  r.  Louisiana,  which  luns  into 
Timballier  Bay. 

DERBANE,  r.  Mis.  which  runs  into  the  bay 
of  Pines,  Ion.  88°  19'  W. ;  lat  30°  22'  N. 

DERBY,  t  Orleans  co.  Vt.  65  m.  NNE.  from 


Montpelier,  579  from  W.  Pop.  1,469.  It  Iie» 
on  the  E.  side  of  Lake  Memphremagog,  bor- 
dering on  Stanstead  in  Canada. 

DERBY,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  on  the  Hou- 
satonnuc,  at  the  junction  of  Naugatuc  river, 
12  m.  above  its  mouth,  and  8  W.  from  New 
Haven.  Pop.  2,253.  It  contains  5  churches, 
2  Episcopal,  2  Congregational,  and  1  Methodist. 
The  river  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  100  tons. 

DERMON,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa.    Pop.  3,000. 

DERRY,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  on  Swatara 
creek,  2  m.  above  its  junction  with  tife  Susquc 
hannah.  Pop.  2,500.  In  the  bank  of  the  creek 
is  a  cavern,  containing  numerous  apartments. 

DERRY,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,000, 

DERUYTER,  t,  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  34  m. 
SW.  from  Utica,  130  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
1,447. 

DES  MOINS,  large  r.  Missouri,  which  runs 
SE.  and  joins  the  Mississippi,  about  130  m. 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri.  From  the 
rapids  to  its  mouth,  it  forms  the  boundary  of 
the  state  of  Missouri.  It  may  be  ascended  in 
boats  800  m. 

DESPAGE,  or  Fox  river,  runs  into  the  II. 
linois  from  the  N.  about  half  way  between 
Lake  Pioria  and  the  forks  of  the  Illinois.  Its 
course  is  nearly  parallel  with  that  of  the  Des- 
plones. 

DESPLANES,  r.  Illinois,  rises  W.  of  Lake 
Michigan,  and  flowing  SW.  meets  the  Kanka- 
kee,  to  form  Illinois  river.  The  Desplancs 
communicates  with  a  lake,  and  from  this  lake 
there  is  a  sort  of  canal  to  Chicago  river,  partly 
worn  by  the  water,  and  partly  made  by  the 
French  and  Indians,  through  which  boats  pass 
in  wet  seasons. 

DESTRUCTION  ISLAND,  on  the  NW. 
coast  of  America.    Lat.  47°  37'  N. 

DETOUR,  cape,  Michigan,  the  W.  point  at 
the  entrance  of  the  Straits  of  St.  Mary's,  40  m. 
from  Michillimackinac.    Lat.  45°  54'  N. 

DETOUR,  cape,  NW.  Ter.  at  the  SW.  end 
of  Lake  Superior, 

DETROIT,  city,  and  port  of  entry,  Wayne 
CO.  and  capital  of  Michigan  Territory,  and  the 
only  town  of  much  size  in  the  territory.  It  is 
situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  river  Detroit, 
18  m.  above  Maiden  in  Canada,  6  below  the 
outlet  of  Lake  St.  Clair,  302  W.  from  Buffalo, 
and  548  from  W.  The  banks  are  20  feet  above 
the  highest  waters  of  the  river.  The  plain  on 
which  it  is  built  is  beautiful,  and  the  position 
altogether  delightful  and  romantic  The  streets 
are  wide,  and  the  houses  are  of  stone,  brick, 
frame  and  logs,  and  some  of  them  make  a  very 
showy  appearance.  Three  of  the  principal 
streets  run  parallel  with  the  river,  and  are 
crossed  at  right  angles  by  six  principal  cross 
streets.  Several  wharves  project  into  tiie  river. 
The  United  States  wharf  is  140  feet  long,  and 
a  vessel  of  400  tons  burthen  can  load  at  its 
head.  The  public  buildings  are  a  council- 
house,  State-house,  United  States  store,  Presby- 
terian church,  a  Roman  Catliolic  chapel,  and 
some  other  public  buildings.  There  are  a  num- 
ber of  stores,  and  others  building.  Rents  and 
the  value  of  lots  are  rising,  and  the  town  ex- 
hibitH  marks  of  rapid  population  and  improve- 


DET— DIX 


253 


,  1,469.    It  lies 
hremagog,  bor- 

Ct.  on  the  Hou- 
^augatuc  river, 
I  W.  from  New 
tins  5  churches, 
and  1  Methodist, 
sels  of  100  tons. 
a.    Pop.  3,000, 
Pa.  on  Swatara 
with  tlte  Susquc- 
lank  of  the  creek 
ous  apartment*. 
)hio.  Pop.  1,000, 
CO.  N.  Y.  34  m, 
n  Albany.    Pop. 

souri,  which  runs 
pi,  about  130  m. 
louri.  From  the 
the  boundary  of 
ly  be  ascended  in 

runs  into  the  11. 
alf  way  between 
■  the  Illinois.  Its 
li  that  of  the  Des- 


went.  It  was  almost  entirely  consnmrd  by 
lire  in  180t>,  and  the  niipearancc  of  tlie  new 
town  is  much  superior  to  tlie  old  one.  Pop. 
2222. 

'  DETROIT  RIVER,  N.  A.  which  connects 
Lake  .St.  Clair  with  liake  Erie,  is  28  m.  long, 
and  opposite  Detroit,  .7  of  a  mile  wide,  enlarg- 
ing as  it  descends,  and  is  navigablq  for  vessels 
of  any  burden. 

DEUX  COEURS,  r.  Michigan  Ter.  which 
runs  into  Lake  SujMjrior,  21  m.  W.  from  White 
fish  Point,  and  G(i  VV.  from  St.  Mary's  r.    It  is 
25  ynrds  wide,  and  boatablc  at  its  entrance. 

DEUX  MONTAGNES,  lake,  Canada,  or 
rather  expansion  of  the  river  Ottawa,  at  its 
junction  with  the  St  Lawrence.  It  is  24  m. 
long,  and  *rom  1  to  6  broad. 

DEVERTE,  bay  of  New  Brunswick,  on  tho 
NE.  coast.  Lon.  from  W.  13=  10'  E.  lat.  46°  N. 
DEVIL'S  HOLE,  chasm  of  rocks,  forming 
a  bay  on  E.  side  of  the  Niagara,  N.  Y.  4  m. 
below  the  Falls.  It  is  semicircular,  about 
1,200  feet  in  circumference,  and  is  remarkable 
for  a  great  eddy,  and  a  violent  commotion  of 
the  w,iter. 

DEVIL'S  ISLAND,  Key  and  Race,  names 
given  to  several  small  islands  in  the  West  In- 
dies, and  off  the  E.  coast  of  South  America, 
generally  of  rugged  aspect  and  difficult  to  ap- 
proach. 

DEVON,  CO.  U.  C,  S.  off  the  St,  Lawrence, 
ixtwcen  Hertford  and  Corriwallis  counties. 

DEWEE,  small  island,  S.  C.  in  Charleston 
harbor. 

DEWEYSBURGH,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  28 
m.  ENE.  from  Montpelier. 

DEXTER,  V.  S.  part  of  Penobscot  co.  Me. 
125  m.  NE.  from  Portland.    Pop.  885. 

DIAMOND  POINT,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Martiiiico.     Lon.  61°  W. ;  lat.  14°  25'  N. 

DIAMOND  RIVER,  r.  N.  H.  which  runs 
into  the  Margallaway,  near  the  E.  border  of 
the  state.     Lat.  44°  48'  N. 

DICKINSON,  t.  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.  12  m. 
W.  from  Malone,  and  230  N.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  446. 

DICKINSON,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.    Pop, 
2,100. 
DICKINSON,  t  Russel  co.  Va. 
DICKS,  r.  Ken.  which  runs  into  the  Ken- 
tucky r,    Length,  50  m. 

DICF:S0N,  CO.  West  Tennessee,  on  the  W. 
side  of  tlie  Cumberland  r.  Pop.  7,261.  Chief 
town,  Charlotte. 

DICKINSON,  t.  Franklin  co.  N.  Y. ;  12  m. 
W.  from  Malone.    Pop.  495. 

DICKINSONVILLE,  v.  Franklin  co.  Va. 

279  m.  from  W. 

DICKINSONVILLE,  v.  Powhatan  co.  Va. 

DICKS,  r.  runs  into  the  Kentucky,  after  a 

N\V.  course  of  50  m.     Lon.  84°  56'  W.  lat. 

37°  40'  N. 

DICK'S  CREEK,  Ohio,  empties  into  the 
Miami  from  the  E.  above  Hamilton. 

DICKSON,  CO.  W.  Tennessee.  Pop.  m 
1820,5,190;  in  1830, 7,261.  Chief  town,  Char, 
lotte. 

DICKSVILLE,  v.  GuUford  co.  N.  C. 


DIGBY,  t.  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Bay  of  An- 
napolis ;  15  m.  SW.  from  Annapolis. 

DIGIDUASH,  r.  New  Brunswick,  which 
run:-  mto  Pnssnmaquoddy  Bav. 

DIGG'S  POINT,  point,  Md.  at  the  conflu- 
cnce  of  Piscataway  river  with  the  Potomac. 

DIGHTON,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  Bristol  co. 
Mass.  on  W.  side  of  Taunton  river  ;  7  m.  SSVV. 
from  Taunton,  39  S.  from  Boston,  434  from 
W.  Pop.  1,737.  All  the  shipping  of  Wel- 
lington, Taunton,  Troy,  Freetown,  Berkeley, 
Somerset,  and  Swansey,  is  entered  at  this  port. 
There  is  in  this  town,  near  tlie  river,  a  rock, 
which  contains  a  remarkable  hieroglyphic  in- 
scription, of  which  no  satisfactory  explanation 
ha«  yet  been  given. 

DILLIARDSVILLE,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  C. 
DILLIARDSVILLE,    v.    Rutherford   co. 
Ten. 

DILL'S  FERRY,  v.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 
DINGMANSBURG,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  E.  branch  of  Great  Miami  river,  below  the 
mouth  of  Musquitoe  creek ;  1 1  m.  above  Pi- 
qua,  19  above  Troy. 

DINGMAN'S  FERRY,  over  Delaware  r. 
Pike  CO.  Pa.;  28  m.  above  Delaware  Water 
Gap,  and  8  below  Milford. 

DILLSBURG,  t.  York  co.  Pa.;  96  m. 
from  W. 

DINWIDDIE,  CO.  Va. ;  bounded  N.  by  the 
Appomatox,  which  separates  it  from  Chester- 
field CO.  E.  by  Prince  George  co.  SE.  by  Sus- 
sex  CO.  SW.  by  Brunswick  and  Lunenburg 
COS.  W.  by  Nottoway  co.  and  NW.  by  Amelia 
CO.  The  county  court-house  is  situated  14  m. 
SW.  from  Petersburg,  164  from  W.  Pop. 
18,637.  Chief  town,  Petersburg.  Near  tlie 
C.  H.  there  is  an  academy. 

DIPPER  HARBOR,  New  Br  ns    ick,  in 

the  Bay  of  Fundy,  24  m.  SW  from  Ut.  Johns. 

DISAPPOINTMENT,  Cape.    It  is  the  N. 

point  of  the  mouth  of  Columbia  river.     Lon. 

48°  from  W.  lat.  46°  19'  N. 

DISMAL  SWAMP,  large  tract  of  marshy 
land,  beginning  a  Uttle  S.  of  Norfolk  in  Virginia, 
and  extending  into  N.  Carolina,  to  the  amount 
of  150,000  acres ;  30  m.  long  from  N.  to  S.  and 
10  broad.  This  tract  is  entirely  covered  with 
trees,  some  of  which  grow  to  a  very  large  size ; 
and  between  them  the  brushwood  springs  up 
so  thick,  that  many  parts  are  utterly  imjier- 
vious.  In  tlie  midst  of  the  swamp  is  a  lake, 
called  Drummond's  Pond,  7  miles  in  length. 
This  lake  furnishes  water  for  the  canal  which 
connects  Elizabeth  river  with  the  Pasquotank. 
Tlie  Pasquotank  flows  from  this  lake  south, 
and  the  Nansemond  flows  from  it  north. 

DIVIDING  CREEK,  v.  Cumberland  co. 
N.  J. ;  200  m.  from  W. 

DIVIDIN(J  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  flows 
between  Lnncuster  and  Northumberland  cos. 
into  the  Chesapeake. 

DIVISION,  t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. ;  23  m. 
E.  from  Auburn,  170  W.  from  Albany,  389 
from  W. 

DIXFIELD,  t  Oxford  co.  Me.;  18  m.  NE, 
from  Paris.    Pop.  890. 

DIXHILLS,  V.  in  Huntingdon  co.  N.  Y 


254 


nix— Dov 


:  .     .^ 


.14 


DIXMONT,  or  Colkfretrntn,  t.  Penr.bscot 
CO.  Mo.;  40  m«  NW.  from  Castino,  230  NK 
fror?i  IJoBton,  6G6  from  W.     Pop.  f)45. 

DIX(  >N,  t.  Prcblo  CO.  Ohio. 
,  DIXON'S  SPRINGS,  v.  Smith  co.  Ten. 

DIXVII^LE,  t.  C.008  CO.  N.  H.;  110  m.  N. 
from  Concord. 

DIXVILLE,  V.  Henry  co.  Va. 

DORBS,  Cape,  in  Hudson's  Bay,  at  the  S, 
si'Ic  of  the  entrance  of  Wager's  river.  Lon, 
«K^  30'  W.  lat.  6.5°  N. 

DOROY  SOUND  and  INLET,  on  the  coast 
offjicorgia,  which  receives  the  N.  branch  of  the 
Aliitaninha  river.  The  bar  Jias  14  feet  at  low 
water,  and  is  in  laL  31°  20'  N. 

DOBSON'S  CROSS-ROADS,  v.  Stokes  co, 
N.C. 

DOG  RIVER,  r.  N.  America,  which  passes 
by  I'ort  William,  and  runs  into  Lake  SuiHjrior 
just  below. 

DOG'S  RIVER,  r.  Alabama,  which  runs 
into  the  W.  side  of  Mobile  Bay,  Ion.  88°  3'  W, 
kt  30°  40'  N. 

DOMAINE,  Rivii-rc  du,  r.  Lower  Canada, 
which  flows  into  the  St.  Lawrence,  6  m.  below 
tlic^  Island  of  Orleans. 

DOMINGO,  St.  or  Hisjmniola,  one  of  the 
richest  islands  in  the  West  Indies,  400  m.  in 
length,  and  75  in  brcadtli.  It  was  discovered 
by  Columbus  in  1492,  and  is  surrounded  by 
craggy  rocks  and  dangerous  shoals.  It  has  a 
great  many  rivers,  and  mines  of  gold,  tale,  and 
crystal.  The  Spaniards  had  possession  of  the 
whole  island  for  120  years.  They  were  after 
wards  forced  to  divide  the  island  with  the 
French.  Since  the  revolution  in  France,  this 
island  has  been  subject  to  great  calamities.  In 
1791,  an  insurrection  began  in  the  French 
plantations,  which,  after  a  series  of  sanguinary 
scenes,  has  terminated  in  tlie  establishment  of 
a  free  African  state,  under  the  name  of  the 
Republic  of  Hayti.  In  1821,  the  Spanish  part 
fell  also  under  the  authority  of  Boyer,  the  presi- 
dent or  king,  and  left  him  master  of  the  wnole 
island.  St.  Domingo  has  Cuba  W.  Porto  Rico 
E.  and  Jamaica  SW. 

DOMINGO,  St.  capital  of  tlie  E.  part  of  the 
Island  of  St.  Domingo,  on  a  navigable  river.  It 
had  formerly  a  harbor,  but  it  is  now  choked 
up  with  sand.  Though  its  trade  has  been 
long  extinct,  it  was  in  a  respectable  condition 
while  it  continued  in  the  hands  of  the  Span- 
iards. The  city  itself  is  large,  well  built  of 
stone,  and  defended  by  batteries.  Lon.  70° 
10'  W.  lat.  18°  20'  N. 

DOMINICA,  one  of  the  windward  Caribbee 
islands  in  the  W.  Indies.  It  lies  about  half 
way  between  Guadaloupe  and  Martinico,  and 
is  28  m.  long  and  13  broad.  It  was  taken  by 
the  English  in  1761,  and  confirmed  to  them  by 
the  peace  of  1763.  The  French  took  it  in  1778, 
but  restored  it  in  1783.  The  capital  is  Char- 
lottetown. 

DON,  r.  Upper  Canada,  runs  into  Lake  On- 
tario at  York  Harbor. 

DONALDSON,  v.  Rowan  co.  N.  C. 

DONALDSONVILLE,  t.  in  the  parish  of 
Ascension,  La.  on  the  W.  bank  of  tlie  Missis- 


sippi, at  the   efflux  of  the  Lafourche,  90  ni. 
above  New  Orleans. 

DONEGAL,  t  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  on  NE. 
side  of  the  Sustiuehannah ;  18  in.  WNW.  from 
Lancaster. 

DONEGAL,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa.  It  lies 
SW.  from  W. 

DONEGAIi,  t.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa.;  E. 
of  Laurel  Hill. 

1X:)NEGAL,  t.  Butler  co.  Pa. 

DONNA  MARIA  BAY,  on  the  W.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Hispaniola. 

DORCHESTER,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.;  15 
m.  from  Plymouth.    Pop.  702. 

DORCHESTER,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  j  3  m. 
S.  fVom  Boston.  Pop.  4,064.  It  is  a  very 
pleasant  town,  and  contains  many  fine  country- 
seats,  a  town-house,  and  4  houses  of  jiubJic 
worship,  3  for  Congregationalists,  and  1  Ibr 
Methodists ;  and  has  some  manufactures. 

DORCHESTER,  co.  Lower  Canada,  on  tlie 
S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  extending 
along  tlie  E.  bank  of  the  Chaudiere. 

DORCHESTER,  t.  Middlesex  co.  U.  C. 

DORCHESTER,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J. 
on  the  E.  side  of  Morris  river,  5  m.  from  its 
mouth,  17  E.  from  Fairfield. 

DORCHESTER,  co.  Md.  on  the  enstem 
shore  of  the  Chesapeake,  bounded  N.  by  Tal- 
bot and  Caroline  counties,  E.  by  Delaware,  S, 
and  W.  by  C;hesapeake  Bay.  Pop.  18,685. 
Chief  town,  Cambridge. 

DORCHESTER,  t  and  cap.  Colleton  dis- 
triet,  S.  C.  on  Ashley  river,  18  m.  WNW.  from 
Charleston. 

DORSET,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt  about  25 
m.  N.  from  Bennington.     Pop.  1,507. 

DOUBLE-BRIDGE,  v.  Lunenburg  co.  Va, 

DOUGHTY'S  FALLS,  v.  York  co.  Maine. 

DOUGLAS,  Cape,  lofty  promontory  on  the 
W.  coast  of  America,  within  the  entrance  of 
Cook's  river.  It  was  discovered  by  captain 
Cook  in  1778.  Its  summit  forms  two  very 
high  mountains.  Lon.  from  W.  75°  30'  W. 
lat.  58°  N. 

DOUGLAS  ISLAND,  between  Admiralty 
island  and  tlie  NW.  coast  of  America.  Lat. 
58°]6'N. 

DOUGLASS,  v.  Worcester  oo.  Mass.,  25  m, 
from. Providence,  R,  I.,  4  from  tlie  NW.  angle 
of  that  state,  and  39  SW.  from  Boston.  Poj). 
in  1820,  1,375 ;  in  1830,  1,742. 

DOUGLASS,  t  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  Schuylkill. 

DOUGLASS,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa. 

DOUGLASS-MILLS,  v.  Cumberland  co. 
Pa. 

DOVE,  cap(%  on  the  coast  of  Nova  Scotia. 
Lon,  64°  W.  lat.  54°  20'  N. 

DOVER,  t.  and  cap.  Strafford  oo.  N.  H.  12 
m,  NNW.  from  Portsmoutli.  Lat.  43°  11'  N. 
long.  70°  50'  W.  Pop.  5,449.  The  village  is 
at  the  head  of  the  tide,  on  Cocheco  liver,  4  m. 
above  its  junction  witli  Salmon  Falls  river.  It 
is  an  undent  town,  having  been  incorj. orated 
in  1633,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  j  il,  a 
bank,  a  printuig-office,  and  two  houses  for  jml' 
lie  worship,  1  for  Congregationalists,  and  1  for 


ifourche,  90  ni. 

Eo.  Pa.  on  NE. 
in.  WNW.  from 

1  CO.  Pa.    It  lies 

and  CO.  Pa.;  E. 

?a. 

on  the  W.  coast 

m  CO.  N.  H. ;  15 
2. 

Ik  CO.  Maes. ;  3  m. 
14.    It  is  a  very 
mny  fine  country, 
houses  of  public 
nalists,  and  1  lor 
nanufactures. 
;er  Canada,  on  the 
EC,  and  extending 
laudiere. 
Ilescx  CO.  U.  C. 
iberland  co.  N.  J. 
ver,  5  m.  from  its 
I. 

Id.  on  the  enstem 
ounded  N.  by  Tal- 
E.  by  Delaware,  S. 
Bay.    Pop.  18,685. 

I  cap.  Colleton  dis- 
118  m.  WNW.  from 

.n  CO.  Vt  about  25 
Pop.  1,507. 
Lunenburg  co.  va. 
V.  York  CO.  Maine, 
promontory  on  the 
iin  the  entrance  of 
covered  by  captain 
[lit  forms  two  very 
om  W.  75°  30'  V'. 

between  Admiralty 
of  America.    Lat. 

-iter  00.  Mass.,  25  m. 
rom  tJie  NW.  angle 
from  Boston.    Fop. 
,742. 
Imery  co.  Pa.  on  the 

».  Pa. 

Cumberland  co. 

oast  of  No\-a  Scotia. 

X'afford  CO.  N.  H;  1? 
(til.  Lat.43Ml'^ 
1449.  The  village  is 
Cocheco  river,  4  ni. 
Jlmon  Falls  river.  » 
r^  been  incori-oratea 
lourt-housc,  a  y"^^ 
I  two  houses  for  pii^- 
■ationalists,  and  1  tot 


DOV— DUC 


255 


Friends, 
jrress  in 


Dover  has  of  late  made  much  pro- 
manufactures.  A  company  with  a 
capital  of  8500,000,  have  erected  a  rolling  and 
slittinjr  mill  and  nail  factory,  at  wliich  1,000 
tons  of  iron  are  rolled  and  600  or  700  cut  into 
nails  annually,  and  2  cotton  factories,  one  of 
which  has  4,000  spindlus  and  120  or  130  looms, 
and  is  calculated  to  produce  20,000  yards  of 
cloth  per  week.    Other  improvements  are  Ik;- 

fun.    Dover  has  daily  communications  witii 
ortamouth  by  a  packet-boat. 

DOVER,  Penobscot  co.  Me.  155  m.  NE. 
from  Portland. 

DOVER,  t  Windham  co.  Vt.    Pop.  831. 

DOVER,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  on  Charles  r. 
7  m.  W.  from  Dcdliam,  16  SW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  4!)7. 

DOVER,  V.  Kent  co.  Del.  and  the  seat  of 
state  government;  situated  on  Jones'  creek, 
near  its  junction  with  the  river  Delaware, 
about  36  m.  S.  of  Newcastle.  This  small  town 
is  neatly  built,  the  houses  being  mostly  of 
bricks,  and  the  streets  disposed  with  regularity. 
In  the  centre  is  a  handsome  square,  on  which 
the  state-house  and  public  offices  are  erected. 
It  lies  in  the  lat.  of  39°  10'  N.  and  Ion.  75°  30' 
W.    Pop.  1,300. 

DOVER,  t  York  co.  Pa.  situated  about  8  m. 
westward  from  York.    Pop.  1,600. 

DOVER,  t  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  Pop.  in  1820, 
2,193;  in  1830,  2,1[)8. 

DOVER,  t  Monmouth  co.  N.  J.  on  Cedar 
Bav  creek,  40  m.  E.  from  Philadelphia. 

DOVER,  t.  York  eo.  Pa.  on  a  branch  of 
Conewajro  creek.     Pop.  2,000. 

DOVER,  t.  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio.   Pop.  400. 

DOVER,  t  Athens  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  700. 

DOVER,  t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  950. 

DOVER,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Stuart  co. 
Ten.  on  the  left  bank  of  Cumberland  river,  35 
m.  below  Clarksville. 

DOVER,  Kent  co.  U.  C.  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Thames,  opposite  Raleigh. 

DOWNE,  L  Cumberland  co.  N.  J. 

DOWNINGTOWN,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  on 
the  E.  side  of  Brandy  wine  creek,  33  m.  W.  by 
N.  from  Philadelphia.    It  is  a  pleasant  village. 

DOYLESTOWN,  t.  Bucss  co.  Pa.  15  m. 
NW.  from  Newton,  26  N.  from  Philadelphia, 
Pop.  2,162.      . 

DOYLESVILLE,  v.  Feliciana  co.  La. 

DRACUT,  t  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  Pop. 
1,615. 

DRAKE'S  FERRY,  v.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.; 
142  m.  from  W. 

DRANSVILLE,  t  Fairfax  co.  Va. 

DRESDEN,  t  Lincohi  co.  Maine,  on  E.  side 
of  the  Kennebeck ;  9  m.  NW.  from  Wiscasset, 
160  NE.  from  Boston,  W.  613.    Pop.  1,559. 

DRESDEN,  t  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Muskingum,  15  m.  N.  Zanesville. 

DREWSVILLE,  v.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  60 
m.  from  Concord. 

DRIPPING  SPRINGS,  v.  Warren  co.  Ky. 
•08  ra.  from  W. 

DROMORE,  t  Lancaster  co.  Pa.,  on  E.  side 
f'f  the  Susquehannah ;  17  m.  S,  from  Loncas- 
iter.    Pop.  1,500. 

DROWNED  LANDS,  valuable  tract  of 


about  50,000  acres  in  tho  state  of  N.  Y.,  on 
the  N.  sido  of  the  mountains,  in  Orange  co. 
The  wnttrs,  uliicii  descend  from  the  surround- 
injj  hills,  being  slowly  discharged  by  the  river 
VValkill,  cover  these  vast  meadows  every  win- 
ter, and  reiuler  tliem  extremely  fertile. 

DliOVVNKD  MEADOW, v. in  Brooklmvcn, 
N.  Y. ;  3  in.  E.  from  Stony  Brook,  68  E.  from 
New- York,  .'103  from  VV. 

DRUM M(  )N  D'I'i  )WN,  t.  and  cap.  Accomac 
CO.  Va.;  alK)ut  25  m.  S.  i'rom  Snowhill,  Md., 
215  m.  from  VV.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a 
jail,  and  about  40  houses. 

DRUMMOND'S  ISLAND,  in  Lake  Huron, 
36  m.  E.  from  Mackinaw.  Here  the  British 
government  maintains  a  garrison,  and  trading 
post. 

DRY  RIDGE,  v.  Pendleton  co.  Ky. 
DRYDEN,  t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. ;  37  m. 
S.  from  Auburn,  170  ra.  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
5,206. 

DUANESBURG,  t.  Schenectady  co.  N.  Y. ; 
23  m.  NW.  from  Albany.    Pop,  2,837.      • 

DUBLIN,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.;  12  m.  ESE. 
from  Keene.    Pop.  1,218.     It  lies  on  the  N. 
side  of  Grand  Monadnoc'c,  and  joins  upon 
JafTrey. 
DUBLIN,  t.  Harford  co.  Md.,  78  m.  from  W. 
DUBLIN,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.  Pop.  1,000. 
DUBLIN,  t.  Bedford  eo.  Pa. 
DUBLIN,  t.  and  cap.  Laurens  co.  Georgia, 
on  the  SW.  branch  of  the  Oconee ;  45  m.  S. 
from  Milledgeville,  720  ni.  from  W.     It  con- 
tains  a  court-house  and  a  jail. 

DUBLIN,  Lower,  t.  Philadelphia  co.  on  the 
Delaware ;  10  m.  N.  from  Philadelphia.  Pop. 
3,000. 

DUBLIN,  Upper,  t  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 
Pop.  2,102. 

DUBLIN,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  on  the  right 
bank  of  Scioto  river,  12  m.  NW.  from  Colum. 
bus.    Pop.  about  100. 

DUBOIS,  or  Lake  nf  the  Woods,  lake  of 
British  N.  America,  W.  from  Lake  La  Pluie, 
or  Lake  Rain.  The  river  La  Pluie  flows  from 
the  latter  to  the  former.  The  discharge  of  the 
Lake  of  the  Woods  is  again  into  Lake  Winni- 
pec.  The  NW.  boundary  of  the  U.  S.  on  N. 
lat.  49°  intersects  the  W.  bonk  of  tiie  Lake  of 
the  Woods.  s 

DUBOIS,  CO.  Ind.,  bounded  by  Perry  SE., 
Spencer  S.,  Warwick  SW.,  Pike  W.,  Davies  : 
NW.,  Owen  N.,  and  Orange  and  Crawford  E,, 
length  20  m.,  mean  width  18  m.  Pop.  in  1820, 
1,168;  in  1830, 1,774.  Portersville,  chief  town. 
DUBUQUE'S  LEAD-MINES,  Miso.  the 
name  of  a  tract  of  country  commencing  60  m. 
below  Prairie  du  Chien,  and  extending  about 
20  miles  along  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
by  9  in  depth.  It  contains  rich  lead-mines, 
which  are  wrought  by  the  Indians. 

DUCHAT,  small  r.  Indiana,  flows  from  the 
N.  into  tlie  Wabash,  between  Fort  Harrison 
and  Tippecanoe  creek. 

DUCHENE,  r.  Lower  Canada,  runs  from 
the  N.  into  tlie  St.  Lawrence  opposite  Isle  Je- 
sus.   Long.  71°  54' W.  lat.  46°  45' N. 

DUCK,  r.  Tennessee,  which  rises  in  Frank- 
lin CO.  and  flows  W.  by  N.  through  Bedford, 


i 


250 


DUG— DUR 


Mttury,  Hickman,  and  Humphreys  cos.,  and 


lury, 
W.  1 


i.S!f 


11  :1  rl 


t!-lfc;  ^' 


i 
\ 


on  W.  side  of  the  last  joins  the  Tennessee, 
about  80  m.  W.  from  Nashville.  It  is  navijra- 
ble  for  Ixiats  90  miles. 

DUCK  CREEK,  hundred,  in  N.  side  of  Kent 
CO.  Delaware.    Pop.  4,000. 

DUCK  CREEK,  r.  Del.,  which  runs  into 
Delaware  bay. 

DUCK  CREEK,  Little,  r.  Del.,  which  runs 
into  Delaware  buy. 

DUCK  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  flows  into 
the  Ohio,  1  m.  above  Marietta. 

DUCK  ISLANDS,  two  small  islands  in  the 
Atlantic,  nci.r  the  coast  of  Maine.  Lon.  64°  4' 
W.  lat.  44°  10'  N. 

DUCK  ISLANDS,  Uppr  Canada,  in  Lake 
Ontario,  near  its  outlet,  with  a  good  harbor. 

DUCK  ISLAND,  small  isl.  near  the  coast 
of  Maine.    Lon.  »)7o  43'  W.  lat.  44°  45'  N. 

DUCK  RIVER,  small  r.  Michigan  territory, 
which  flows  into  the  west  side  of  Green-bay, 
about  3  miles  from  Fort  Howard. 

DUDLEY,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.;  18  m. 
SSW.  from  Worcester,  .'55  SW.  from  Boston, 
380  from  V     Pop.  2,155. 

DUDLEY  ISLAND,  island  in  Passama- 
quoddy  bay,  Maine,  belonging  to  Eastport. 

DUFF'S  F(5RKS,  v.  Fayette  co.  Ohio. 

DUGDOMONI,  the  western  branch  of  the 
Octohoola,  Louisiana. 

DUKE'S,  CO.  Mass.  It  comprises  Martha's 
Vineyard  and  the  Elizabeth  Islands.  Pop.  3,518. 
Chief  town,  Edgartown. 

DULCE,  r.  of  N.  America,  in  Costa  Rica, 
and.  Veragua,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Dulce,  after 
separating  the  two  provinces  from  which  it 
flows. 

DULCE,  gulf  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  into 
which  the  river  Dulce  is  discharged,  lat.  9"^  N. 

DUMFRIES,  t.  port  of  entry,  and  cap.  of 
Prince  William  co.  Va.,  on  the  Quantico,  which 
falls  into  tiie  Potomac  3  m.  below  the  town ; 
33  m.  S.  from  W.,  88  N.  from  Richmond.  Lon. 
77°  28'  W.  lat  38°  40'  N.  It  contains  a  court- 
house,  a  jail,  a  meeting-house,  a  large  ware- 
house, and  about  300  buildings ;  and  has  some 
trade.  The  Quantico  is  navigable  as  far  as  to 
the  town  for  boats  of  20  tons.  At  the  mouth 
of  the  river  there  is  a  very  handsome  and  ex- 
cellent harbor. 

DUMMER,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  95  m.  N.  from 
Concord.    Pop.  65. 

DUMMERSTON,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.;  31 
m.  E.  from  Bennington,  5  N.  from  Brattlebo- 
rough,  431  from  W.    Pop.  1,592. 

DUMSBURG,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa. 

DUNBAR,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa. 

DUNBARTON,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.  H.  on 
W.  side  of  the  Merrimack,  opposite  Chester ; 
18  m.  N.  from  Amherst,  55  W,  from  Ports, 
mouth.    Pop.  1,067. 

DUNCAN,  fort,  U.  C.  at  the  N.  end  of  lake 
Nipigon. 

DUNCAN'S  CANAL,  inlet  on  an  island  off" 
the  NW.  coast  of  America,  in  lat.  56°  58'  N. 
DUNCANSVILLE,  v.  Barnwell  district,  S. 
C.  623  m.  from  W. 

DUNDAFF,  V.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa. 


DUNDAS  ISLAND,  on  the  NW.  coast  of 
America.     Lat.  54°  30'  N. 

DUNDAS,  CO.  of  Upper  Canada,  bounded  E, 
by  Stormont,  SE.  by  St.  Lawrence  river,  W. 
by  Greenville,  and  N.  by  Ottawa  river. 

DUNG  EN  ESS,  New,  point,  on  the  NW. 
coast  of  America,  at  the  entrance  of  the  gulf 
of  New  Georgia.    Lat.  48°  15'  N. 

DUNHAM,  t.  Bedford  co.  L.(;.  on  theSW. 
branch  of  tlie  Yaniaska.  It  is  a  fertile  tract 
of  country.     Pop.  1,700. 

DUN  KARD,  t.  (ireene  co.  Pa.    Pop.  1 ,055. 

DUNKIRK,  v.Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake 
Erie,  7  m.  from  the  head  of  Casada  Lakr. 

DUNKIRK,  t.  King  and  Queen  co.  \  a.  25 
m.  from  Portroyal,  116  from  W. 

DUNKLIN'S,  V.  Newbury  co.  S.  C, 

DUNLAPSVILLE,  v.  on  E.  branch  of 
White  Water  river.  Union  co.  In.  50  m.  NW. 
from  Cincinnati,  and  83  a  little  S.  of  £.  from 
Indianapolis. 

DUNNING  STREET,  v.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y, 
30  m.  N.  from  Albany. 

DUNNSBURG,  v.  Lycoming  co.  Pa. 

DUNSTABLE,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H, 
on  the  W.  side  of  Merrimack  river,  12  m.  SE. 
from  Amherst,  40  NW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
2,417. 

DUNSTABLE,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  on 
the  S.  side  of  the  Merrimack,  37  m.  N  W.  from 
Boston.    Pop.  593. 

DUNSTABLE,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
500. 

DUNSTANVILLE,  v.  Edgefield  district, 
S.  C.  67  m.  W.  from  Columbia. 

DUNVEGAN,  fort,  N.  America,  on  Peace  r. 
Lon.  119°  W.  lat.  56°  N. 

DUNWICK,  t.  Middlesex  co.  U.  C.  on  Lake 
Erie. 

DUNWICH,  t.  U.  C.  CO.  of  Suffolk,  lies  to 
the  W.  of  Southwold,  having  the  river  'Thaims 
for  its  N.  and  Lake  Erie  for  its  S.  boundarj. 

DUPAGE,  lake,  In.  is  tlie  expansion  of  liie 
river  Des  Planes,  5  miles  before  it  meets  the 
Kankakee. 

DUPLIN,  CO.  in  Wilmington  district,  N.C 
Pop.  11,373.  Chief  town,  Kenansville.  At 
the  C.  H.  is  a  post-office,  55  m.  N.  from  Wil- 
mington. 

DUPLIN,  Old,  V.  Duplin  co,  N.  C. 

DUPREESVILLE,  v.  Northampton  co, 
N.  C.  206  m.  from  W. 

DURANT'S  BAY,  inlet  on  the  coast  of 
N.  C.  in  Albemarle  sound.  Lon.  76'  16'  W. 
lat.  35°  40'  N. 

DURANT'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  Albe- 
marle sound,  N.  C.  Lon.  76°  15'  W.  lat  35- 
46' N. 

DURANT'S  POINT,  cape,  on  the  coastal 
N.  C.  in  Albemarle  sound.  Lon.  76°  30'  V 
lat.  36°  5'  N. 

DURANGO,  an  intendency  of  Mexico.   It 
is  bounded  N.  by  New  Mexico,  E.  by  San  I 
Luis  Potosi,  S.  by  Zacatecas  and  Guadalaxara. 
and  W.  by  Sonora.    It  contains  129,947  sc 
ms.  and  only  159,700  inhabitants. 

DURANGO,  t.  Mexico,  in  the  intendencjl 
of  Durango.     It  is  the  residence  of  tlie  id-| 


DUR-EAS 


257 


\\e  NW.  coast  of 


V.Saratoga  CO.  N.Y. 


sex  CO.  V.  C.  on  Lake 


:D,  small  isl.  in  Alb^; 
,n.76°15'W.  lat3D- 


ndency  of  Mexico. 

w  Mexico,  E.  by  Sa^ 
tecasandGuadalaxa-a 

[t  contains  129,947  sc  ' 

nhabitants.  , 

cico,  in  the  intenden  y 

^    residence  of  the  !■> 


tendunt  and  of  a  Mshop:  170  Icajruns  NW. 
t'roni  the  city  of  I\I.'.xi(\o.     I'gp-  12,00(1. 

DlJUHAM,t.  l{iickin(rliani  co.  L.C  bctwern 
Wickhaia  and  Melborno,  (iO  id.  E.  from  Mont- 

DURHAM,  t.  (Jrcene  w.  N.  Y.  30  m.  NW. 
from  AtlKiiH.  Poi).  in  ls20,  2,\)TJ ;  in  1830, 
3,03!). 

DURHAM,  CO.  U.  C. 

UljRFfAM,  nortliern  t.  of  Bucks  co.  Pa.  on 
tlio  W.  sido  of  tlic  river  Delaware,  12  ni.  S. 
fioin  KiiHton.     Pop.  .W6. 

DIJIMIAM,  t.  C'liiiibcrl.md  co.  Mr.  on  tlic 
Anilroscoggin,  2G  ni.  NE.  from  Portliind.  Pop. 
1,731. 

I)URIIAJI,t.  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  7m.S.from 
Midtilitown,  18  NE.  from  New  Haven.  Pop. 
l.Uf). 

DURHAM,  formerly  Fnf//f)/(/,t. Greene  co. 
N.  y.  on  Catskill  r.  20  ni.  N  W.  from  Alliens, 
3(J  S\V.  from  Albany.  Pop.  3,03!).  It  con- 
tains  1  Methodist  and  2  Presi)ytt  rian  clmrclicB, 
and  a  public  library  of  .'500  voliuntH. 

DURIIA  ^r,  New,  t.  Straftbrd  co.  N.  H.  38  m. 
NW.  from  Portsmouth.     Pop.  1,(500. 

DURHAM  CREEK,  r.  Pn.  which  runs  into 
tlie  Delaware,  Ion.  75^  1.')'  W.  lat.  40°  3.5'  N, 

DUTCHESS,  eo.  N.  Y.  on  the  E.  nide  of  the 
Hudson,  bounded  N.  l)y  Columbia  eo.  E.  by 
Connecticut,  S.  by  Putnam  co.  and  W,  by  tlie 
Hudson,  which  separates  it  from  Oran<je  and 
Ulster  counties.  Pop.  50,'J26.  Chief  town, 
Poughkeepsic. 

DUTCH  SETTLEMENT,  V.  in  Catharines, 
Tioga  CO.  N.  Y. 

DUTOTSBURG,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 

DUTTON,  V.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  135  m. 
NE.  from  Portland.     Pop.  6.52. 

DUTY'S,  V.  Sumner  co.  Ten. 

DUTYSVILLE,  v.  Sumner  co.  Ten. 

DUXBOROUGH,  t.  Plymouth  eo.  Mass.  10 
m.  N.  from  Plymoutli,  38  SE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  2,705.  A  number  of  vessels  are  owned 
liere,  and  employed  in  the  coasting  trade  and 
the  fisheries. 

DUXBURY,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  on  Onion 
river,  13  m.  W.  from  Montpelier.     Pop.  652. 

DWIGHT,  Arkansas  territory,  a  missionary 
station  among  the  Cherokees,  established  in 
1830  by  the  American  Board  of  Foreign  Mis- 
sions. It  is  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Illinois  r. 
which  empties  into  the  Arkansas  4  m.  below, 
and  is  navigable  for  keel-boats  to  Dwight.  The 
site  of  the  settlement  is  a  small  eminence,  at 
the  foot  of  which  issues  a  large  spring  of  pure 
water.  The  lands  on  Iwth  sides  of  the  river 
are  fertile,  and  there  is  a  good  rnill-seat  in  the 
vicinity.  Houses  are  erected  for  the  accom- 
modation of  the  mission  family,  and  a  school 
is  opened.  It  is  200  m.  above  the  town  of  Ar- 
kansas,  130  above  Little  Rock,  500,  as  the  river 
runs,  from  the  mouth  of  the  Arkansas,  100  be- 
low Fort  Smith. 

DYBERRY,  t.  Wayne  co.  Pa.    Pop.  400. 

DYER'S  ISLAND,  in  the  head  of  the  bay 
"f  Quinte,  lies  to  tlie  eastward  of  Missassaga 
Island,  U.  C. 

DYER,  V.  Dyer  co.  Ten. 

DYER,  CO.  of  Ten.  situation  and  boundaries 
2H 


Pop.  850. 

Pa.  on  ConestogM 


uncertain.   It  has  been  recently  erected.   Pop. 
1,!)04.     Dyersburg  in  tlic  capital. 

E. 

EAGLE,  t.  Brown  co.  Ohio. 

EAtSLE,  t.  Hockhoeking  co.  Ohio. 

EA(;i,E,  t.  St.  Clair  co.  Illinois. 

EAGLE  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  flows  into 
tlie  Ohio,  10  m.  IkIow  Maysville,  Ken. 

EA(;LE  ISl^ANl),  Hancock  co.  Maine. 

EAtJLE  RIVER,  a  river  of  N.  America, 
which  runs  into  the  Missis(<i[)pi.  Lon.  92°  14' 
W.  Lit.  43J  50'  N. 

•    EA(H.EVILLE,  v.  in  Mardius,  N.  Y.  LJ  ni. 
E.  from  Manliiis  village. 

EAGLEVILLE,  t.  Alabama,  on  the  Tom- 
bigbec,  just  below  the  junction  of  tlic  Black 
Warrior.  It  is  the  chief  town  of  a  French 
settlement,  and  is  pleasantly  situated  in  a  very 
fertile  country. 

EARDLEY,  t.  York  co.  L.C.  on  Ottawa  r. 
NW.  of  Montreal. 

EARL,  t.  Berks  co.  Pa. 

EARL,  t.  Ijancastcr  co. 
creek.     Pop.  5,100. 

EARLY,  CO.  Geo.    Pop.  2,051. 

EARTHQUAKE  I,AKE,  lake,  Missouri, 
alKiut  40  m.  W.  from  New  Madrid.  It  is  about 
20  miles  long. 

EAST  BRANCH  r.  Ohio,  which  joins  the 
Little  Miami,  in  N.  part  of  Hamilton  co. 

EAST  ANDOVER,  t.  of  Oxford  co.  Maine, 
30  m.  NW.  from  Paris. 

EAST  BAY,  in  Adolphustown,  Bay  of 
Quinte,  U.  C.  is  where  the  fiirks  of  the  N. 
Channel  open,  descending  south-westerly  from 
Hay  bay. 

EAST  BECKET,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  25 
m.  W.  from  Northampton. 

EAST  BETHEL,  v.  C  ford  co.  Me.  71  m. 
from  Portland. 

EAST  BLOOMFIELD,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. 
0  m.  W.  from  Canandaigua. 

EAST-BRIDGEWATER,  v.  Plymouth  co. 
Mass.     Pop.  1,653. 

EAST-CHESTER,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y. 
8  m.  S.  from  White  Plains,  20  N.  from  New 
York.     Pop.  1,300. 

EASTERN,  t.  Chenango  eo.  N.  Y. 

EiVSTERN  BAY,  bay  on  E.  side  of  Ches. 
apcake  Bay.    Lat  38=  50'  N. 

EASTERN  NECK,  isl.  E.  side  of  Chesa- 
peake Bay,  at  N.  entrance  of  Chester  river;  3  J 
miles  long,  A  broad. 

EASTER'N  RIVER,  r.  Maine,  which  joins 
the  Kenncboek,  at  Dresden. 

EASTERTON,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  on  E.  side 
of  the  Susquehannah,  4  m.  above  Harrisburg. 

EASTHAM,  t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  on 
Barnstable  Bay,  24  m.  ENE.  from  Barnstable, 
89  SE.  from  Boston,  519  from  W.    Pop.  966. 

EAST-DISTRICT,  t  Berks  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
956. 

EAST  FAT-LS  OF  MACHIAS,  v.  Wash- 
ington  eo.  Maine,  5  m.  E.  from  Machiaa,  780 
from  W. 

EASTERN  DISTRICT,  of  U.  C.  bounded 
E.  by  the  province  of  \,.  C,  S.  hy  tlie  river  St. 
L    vrence,  N.  by  the  Ottawa  river,  and  W.  by 


258 


HAH— KAT 


r,l 


fe 


a  meridian  piiNHin|r  tl)rnuf;li  the  inniith  of  tin 
(•iiniiii(M|iie  river,  in  LimmIh  cm*. 

KAST  (JOSmiN,  f.  Litchfield  ro.  Ct.  (i  m. 
N.  from  F-il(hfi(  1(1. 

KAST  (J|{i;i:NVV(''n,t.nnd  rnp.  Kent  lo. 
K.  I.  on  Ml  arm  ot"  Niirrii;;iinwt  Itiiy,  Iti  m.  S. 
from  rrovidencc,  '^'2  NNVV.  from  Ni!WiK)rl. 
Pop.  lir)!)!.  It  oonL-iinH  u  'rourt-hoiuo,  jiiil, 
acadiMnV)  and  two  clinrclicH, 

EAST  GUILFURl),  v,  in  Guilford,  Now 
Haven  co.  Ct. 

EAST  IIADDAM,  f.  IMiddlisrx  co.  Ct.  on 
the  E.  niiic  t)f  Cotniccticiil  river,  1  I  m.  S.  from 
Middlctown,  til  NW.  from  New  F-ondon.  Top., 
2,76.'J.  It  contiiiiiH  I  cliiirdKH,  .'1  li)r  ( 'ong rc- 
jrationnliHls,  and  1  liir  E|«isco|iaiiunH. 

EAST  UAMKIIKC;,  t.  Krii-  co.  N.  Y. 

EAST-MAMl'T()N,t.  Humpshireco.  Muhh. 
5  m.  S.  from  Northampton,  !)0  m.  VV.  from  IJos- 
ton.     Poj).  7:M. 

EAST-I I  AMP'I'ON,  t.  Siillolk  ro.  N.  Y.  SE. 
partof  Lon<r  Island,  110  m.  E.  from  New  York, 
317  from  W.  Pop.  l,Gti8.  It  includes  Mon- 
tauk  and  (Jardner's  iHland.  Clinton  academy 
is  in  this  town.    It  is  a  res|)cctablc  seminary. 

EAST  IIARTFORl),  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.on 
the  E.  side  of  Connccticnt  river,  opposite  Hart- 
ford, with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridjire. 
Pop.  3,'n.'l.  It  contains  4  churclicH,  2  for  Con- 
gregationalists,  1  for  l!a[)tiHts,  and  1  for  Meth- 
odists. Here  arc  numerous  mills  and  manu- 
factories. About  f  of  a  mile  from  the  river  is 
a  wide  street,  compactly  settled,  with  a  row  of 
stately  elms  in  the  middle,  c.\tendin}(  2  m. 

EAST-HAVEN,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  45  m.  NE. 
from  Montpelicr.    Pop.  33. 

EAST-HAVEN,  t.  Hew-Haven  co.Ct.  4  m. 
E.  from  New-Haven.     Pop.  l,22y. 

EAST  HECTOR,  t  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.  12 
m.  W.  from  Ithaca.     Pop.  .5,212. 

EAST  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  coast  of  Maine.     Lat.  32°  N. 

EAST  KINGSTON,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N. 
H.  22  m.  SW.  from  Portsmouth.    Pop.  443. 

EAST  LIVERMORE,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  on 
E.  side  of  Androscoggin  r,  66  m.  from  Portland. 

EAST  MAIN,  part  of  New  Britain,  on  the 
peninsula  of  Labrador ;  lies  along  tlie  E.  sliore 
of  James'  Bay. 

EAST  MAIN  HOUSE,  one  of  the  British 
stations  for  Indian  fur  trade,  stands  on  a  river 
flowing  into  James'  Bay.    Lat.  52°  15'  N. 

EAST  MARLBOROUGH,  t.  Chester  co. 
Pa.  on  Red  Clay  creek,  9  m.  S.  from  Downing- 
town.    Pop.  1,050. 

EAST  MINOT,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Me.  39 
m.  N.  from  Portland.  The  township  of  East 
Minot  forms  the  NE.  angle  of  the  county. 
Pop.  2,908. 

EASTON,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  10  m.  N.  from 
Taunton,  22  S.  from  Boston.    Pop.  1,756. 

EASTON,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  16  m.  SW.  from  Salem,  27  N.  from 
Albany.    Pop.  3,753. 

EASTON,  t  and  cap.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Delaware,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Lehigh,  12  m.  NE.  from  Bethle- 
hem,  58  N.  from  Philadelphia.   Pop.  1,089.   It 


in  rcgit'-rlv  '.'  ■  nit  iind  containa  n  court.iionM>, 
jiiil,  nc'  .  h. ,  ,  and  '2  liimkN.  'I'l.erc^  in  a  brid({B 
over  fl.  '  ■  r,  •' till  jiliice,  .')7<M(<1  lonif. 
'I'he  I)  ,  >h  criH.nnil  Lehigh  ciinalH  unite 

at  this  pli.o'.     It  is  IIMI  ip   frr,in  VV. 

KAS'I'ON,  f.  and  n  .  ,  'I'alliot  co.  Md.  In  on 
'I'rcadhiivin  creek,  12  m.  iibove  itH  jmictioti 
with  ttie  Chopliink,  I'J  MSE.  Iroin  Amiii|ioliN, 
37  S.  trom  Ciu'clir.  It  ih  the  liir^cHt  town  (in 
th(;  l).  Nliore  of  INIurylind,  and  a  place  of  ((ui- 
Nidcriiblf^  biiHineNN.  It  contiiinH  ii  hank,  nciid- 
emy,  arsciiiil,  eoiirt-liouMc,  jiiil,  two  priiitinir. 
oIliccH,  and  4  honses  lor  public  worxhip;  1  liir 
.Method isl!*,  1  lor  EpiHcopalians,  1  tj>r  Frieiiiin, 
and  I  for  blacks.  Pop.  about  l,(il)lt.  It  m  H 
m.  from  VV. 

EAST  rrrrSTON,  t.  in  the  snulhern  part 
of  KennelH'ck  co.  Me.  E.  from  Kennebeck  r. 
and  ()l)  m.  NE.  from  Portland. 

EASTPORT,  v.  and  iKirt  of  entry.  Wash, 
iiigton  CO.  Me.  at  the  mouth  of  Cobscook  river, 
280  m.  NE.  from  Portland.  This  town  hiw 
rapidly  increased ;  its  shipping  exceeds  7,0011 
tons.     Pop.  in  1H20,  1,937;  in  1830,  2,450. 

EAST  PULTNEY,  a  small  river,  risin?  in 
Rutland  co.  Vt.  which  enters  I-akc  Chami)lain 
at  Wliitchall,  and  from  that  plac(!  to  the  villap; 
of  Pultney,  separates  N.  York  from  Vermont. 

EAST  RIVER,  r.  or  rather  a  channel  or 
sound,  between  Long  Island  and  New  York 
Island,  and  between  Long  Island  and  the  Btatc 
of  Connecticut,  where  it  is  more  generally 
called  IjOiiu  Island  Suiind. 

EAST  RIVER,  iwrt  of  entry,  Va.  Amount 
of  shipping,  1,788  tons. 

EAST  RIVER,  Florida,  runs  into  Pensaco- 
la  Bay. 

EAST  SUDBURY,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mm. 
18  m.  W.  from  Boston.    Pop.  944. 

EAST  TOWN,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  Pop,  587, 

EAST  UNION,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  E. 
from  Wooster.     Pop.  800, 

EASTVILLE,  v,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Va.  m 
Northampton  co.  164  m.  from  Richmond. 

EAST  WINDSOR,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct  on 
the  E.  side  of  Connecticut  r.  8  m.  above  Hart- 
ford.    Pop.  in  1820,  3,400 ;  in  1830,  3,537. 

EASTWOODFORD,  v.  Union  district,  S,C. 
116  m.  NNW.  from  Columbia. 

EATON,  t.  Buckingham  co,  L.  C.  84  m. 
SSE.  from  Three  Rivers. 

EATON,  t.  Stafford  co,  N.  H,,  on  Ossipee 
Lake,  50  m.  NE.  from  Concord.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1,071 ;  in  1830, 1,432. 

EATON,  t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  head 
of  Chenango  r.  30  m.  SW.  from  Utica,  Pop. 
in  1820,  3,021  j  in  1830,  3,558. 

EATON,  t.  and  scat  of  justice,  Preble  co. 
Ohio.  The  village  is  seated  near  a  quarter  of 
a  mile  from  Old  Fort  St.  Clair,  34  m.  W.  from 
Dayton,  and  50  N.  from  Cincinnati.  Pop.  511. 
Lat.  39°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  from  W.  7°  38'  W. 

EATON'S  NECK,  the  N.  extremity  of  Hun- 
tington,  in  Suffolk  co.  on  Long  Island,  N,  Y. 
where  a  light-house  is  erected. 

EATON'S  NECK  LIGHT-HOUSE,  Hun- 
tington, Suffolk  CO.  N.  Y.  on  Long  Island.  It 
is  situated  on  a  point  of  land  N.  from  Hunting- 


t- 


EAT-KDW 


*im 


nil  n  roiir(-lioii«p, 
r'lcrc  iH  a  bridKu 
fi',  570  lid  lo»i|{. 
liit;licniialH  unite 

Mil    \V. 

Iliot  CO.  M(l.  In  on 
luivc  itrt  juiictidn 
.  Iron)  Aiii»i|>oliii, 
(•  liirdtHl  town  nil 
1(1  a  plucc  of  coii- 
liiiR  n  linnk,  nnid- 
nil,  two  i>riiilin(r. 
lie  \vorHlii|i ;  1  I'nt 
iiiH,  1  (i)r  i'riciuln. 
it  l.WMI.     It  is  M 

the  uniitlu-rn  part 
•oil!  Kcniu'bLclt  r. 
id. 

rt  of  entry,  Wasli- 
lof  (Vihscook  rivor, 
I.  TliiH  town  hai* 
)ing  exceeds  7,()U0 

in  1830,  2,4.50. 
noil  river,  risinij  in 
rs  l-altc  Clliaini)lain 

plact!  to  the  villagt: 
ork  from  Vermont, 
athcr  a  channel  or 
nd  nnd  New  York 
Island  and  the  state 

is  more  generally 

entry,  Va.   Amount 
runs  into  Pcnsaco- 


VliddlcBCX  CO.  Mass. 
..944. 
er  CO.  Pa.  Pop.  587. 
no  CO.  Ohio,  6  m.  E. 


,  E.  shore  of  Va.  in 

■om  Richmond. 

Hartford  co.  Ct  on 
r.  8  m.  above  Hart- 
in  1830,  3,537. 
Union  district,  S.C. 

ibia. 

Lm  CO.  L.  C.  84  m. 

N.  H.,  on  Ossipee 

Concord.     Pop.  in 

2. 
N.  Y.  on  the  head 
fromUticQ.    Pop- 

,558. 

jf  justice,  Preble  co. 

ed  near  a  quarter  of 

;lair,  34  m.  W.  from 

incinnati.  Pop.  511. 
W.  7°  38'  W. 

!^.  extremity  of  Hun- 
Long  Island,  N.  Y. 

cted. 

JHT-HOUSE,  Hun- 
on  Long  Island.  « 
id  N.  from  Hunting- 


ton Bay,  on  Tionsf  Island  Sound,' 40  in.  KNIO. 
from  New  York,  and  nearly  opiKwitc  Nor  valk 
in  (Connecticut. 

EA'I'ON'I'ON,  t.  and  cap.  Putnam  co.  (Jro. 
in  a  very  healthy  witiiation.  It  cnnlaiim  a 
court-iiouNO,  jail,  academy,  and  a  church,  whieh 
is  erected  on  the  academy  mpiare,  nnd  is  ojM'n 
to  Chrintiniis  of  every  denomination.  Tlio 
acaileiiiy  consittaof'J  liandsoiiie  2  story  build, 
inpn,  l."*!!  yards  u[)art,  one  tor  iiiuIch  nnd  the 
other  tor  tt-malcH,  and  has  a  library  and  |ihilo- 
Mpliieiil  apparatus.  It  is  22  m.  NW.  from 
Milledireville,  and  (550  from  VV. 

KATONTOWN,  v.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J.  1 
m.  from  the  town  of  Shrewsbury. 

EHF.NEZER,  ereek,  <  Jeo.  runs  SK.  and  fulls 
into  Savannah  river  at  l';i)en(!zcr. 

EBKNEZIOR,  t.  Etfinjrham  co.  Geo.  on  Sa- 
vannah  river,  25  m.  NNVV.  from  Savannah. 
It  was  settled  in  17.'J5,  by  Protestants  from 
Germany. 

EBENEZER  ACADEMY,  v.  York  co. 
S.Carolina. 

EBENKZER  ISLAND,  small  island  in  the 
Savannah,  near  Purysburir. 

EBENSBURC,  t.  and  cap.  Cambria  co.  Pa. 
53  m.  W.  from  Huntingdon,  75  E.  from  Pitts, 
burg,  190  from  W.    Pop.  270. 

ECONOMY,  a  beautiful  little  villajrc  in 
Beaver  co.  Pa.  on  the  Ohio,  a  few  miles  Ix-low 
Pittsburg.  It  is  inhabited  solely  by  the  seet 
of  Harmonists  under  the  celebrated  Rni>]i. 
The  village  is  regularly  laid  out  with  wide  and 
rectangular  streets.  The  houses  are  mostly 
of  wood.  The  inhabitants  are  Germans,  and 
are  very  industriously  occupied  in  luanufac- 
tures  and  husbandry.  They  Jiave  a  woolkn 
and  cotton  manufactory  with  steam  machinery 
on  a  large  scale,  also  breweries,  distilleries, 
tanyards,  &c.  The  buildings  for  these  are 
generally  of  brick.  Here  is  also  a  handsome 
church,  and  a  spacious  building  with  a  hall  for 
concerts,  a  museum,  a  mineralogical  collection, 
a  mathematical  school,  a  library,  nnd  a  school 
for  {irawing.  Considerable  attention  is  paid  to 
the  cultivation  of  gra[x>s,  nnd  close  to  the  vil- 
lage  is  a  hill  covered  with  vineyards.  All 
their  property  is  held  in  common.  'I'iicy  car- 
ry  on  an  extensive  trade  with  the  neighboring 
country,  and  are  in  a  very  Uiriving  condition. 
Pop.  about  800. 

•    EDDENBURG,  v.  Portage  co.  Ohio;  120 
in.  NE.  from  Columbus. 

EDDINGTON,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.  on  Pe- 
nobscot r.  5  m.  E.  from  Bangor.     Pop.  405. 

EDDY  GROVE,  t.  Caldwell  co.  Ken. 

EDDYVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Cald- 
well CO.  Ken.  on  the  right  bank  of" Cumberland 
nvcr,  22  m.  SE.  by  E.  from  Smithland  on  the 
Ohio,  and  44  NVV.  from  CIniksville,  in  Ten. 
Lat.  37°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  from  \V.  10=  50'  W. 

EDEN,  v.  Hancock  co.  Me.  on  the  island  of 
Mount  Desert,  40  m.  SSE.  from  Bangor,  163 
NE.  by  E.  from  Portland.     Pop.  957. 

EDEN,  V.  Erie  co.  N.  Y.  268  m.  VV.  from 
Albany.    Pop.  1,066. 

EDEN,  t  Orleans  ca  Vt.;  37  m.  N.  from 
iuontpelier.  . 


KDKNIU'RG,  V.  Johnson   c«o.  In.;  97  m. 

froiM  lii<h:in:i|M)liH. 

KDIIN'S  ISLAND,  small  island  in  the  At- 
Inntie,  ni'nr  the  coast  of  S.  C. 

I'lDI'lNTt  )N,  H.p.  nnd  cap.  <  howan  ro.  N.  ( '. 
at  the  III  ;i(l  of  Mdenlon  Hay,  which  sets  up 
from  AllH'initrle  Smnd ;  (iti  m.  S.  from  Nor- 
folk, !t!l  NNK.  from  Newlnrii,  139  SE.  from 
Peti  rsliurir,  Va.  192  NNK.  from  VV'ilmiiig. 
ton,  2HI  from  W.  I, on.  57'=  T  W.  lat.  3() '  N. 
It  contains  an  eleg.int  coiirt-hou8«»,  a  juil,  a 
bank,  ami  an  Mpisropnl  elmrrh.  It  is  advun- 
fageoiisly  situaterl  l!)r  trade,  but  the  climate 
is  unhealthy.  A  iH'W8|)a|K'r  is  published  here. 
Pop.  l,,5(l(). 

ElMiARTOWN,  B-p.  nnd  eap.  Duke's  co. 
Mass.  on  E.  part  of  Martini's  Vineyard,  14  in. 
fi"oin  the  iniiiii;  H7  m.  S.  from  jloston,  5(10 
from  VV.  Lat.  41°  25' N.  Pop.  •-•'>'•>*•  'l '* 
soiiK  times  called  Old  Town.  Near  Old  Town 
llarlior  tlier*.'  is  a  handsome  village,  containing 
a  court.lioMs<',  a  jail,  and  meeting-house,  and 
10(1  houses.     It  has  considerable  shipping. 

ElXJKCOMBI/,  cajK)  of  King  George's  1:^1. 
and,  W.  const  of  N.  America.  Lou.  58°  15' 
from  W.  I;it.  57^  2'  N. 

EDtJIX'OMBE,  CO.  central  part  of  N.  C. 
Pop.  14,933.    (;iiief  town,  Tarborough. 

ED(j;i'X"OMBK,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  opposite 
VViseassct,  on  Sheepscot  river.     Pop.  1^258. 

ElMJEFIKLD,  district  of  S.  C.  bounded  by 
Savannah  river  NVV.  Abbeville  NE.  Newberry 
N.  nnd  Lexington,  Orange,  and  Barnwell  SK. 
Tiength  46  in.  mean  width  40.  Chief  town, 
Edgefield.  Pop.  in  1820,  25,179;  1830, 
30,511. 

EDGMONT,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  Pop.  651. 

EDINBURCJH,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y. :  26 
111.  N.  from  Ballston,  59  WNVV.  from  Albany, 
i'op.  1,571. 

lODlNBURGH,  t.  Dearborn  co.  In.  hall  a 
mile  from  the  Ohio,  and  near  Lawrcnccburg. 

EDINBURGH,  t.  Elbert  co.  Geo.  on  Savun- 
nah  river. 

EDINBURGH,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  6  m. 
SE.  from  Ravenna.     Pop.  115. 

EDISTO,  v.  Orange  co.  S.  C. ;  577  m.  from 
VV. 

EDISTO,  considerable  river  of  S.  Carolina, 
which  rises  in  the  district  of  Edgefield,  and 
af>cr  running  in  a  SE.  direction  between 
Barnwell  and  Orangeburgh,  enters  Colleton 
and  falls  into  the  ocean  by  two  separate  out- 
lets in  lat.  32°  25'  N. 

EDISTO,  island  of  Georgia,  formed  by  the 
two  outlets  of  Edisto  river.  It  is  separatid 
from  Wadmelau  island,  by  N.  Edisto,  and  is 
fertile  and  well  cultivated. 

MDMIJSTON,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.;  20  m. 
W.  from  t^oopcrstown.  Pop,  in  1820,  1,841 ; 
Ls.'tO,  2,0S7. 

»':DWAU!)S,  CO.  II.  on  the  Wabash.  Pop. 
1,64!>.    Chief  town,  Albion. 

1;DVVAR DSBURG,t.  Greenville  co. U.  C.  on 
St.  Lawrence  river,  Gl  m.  NE.  from  Kingston. 

EDMIINDSVILLE,  V.Surrey  co.  Va. 

EDWARDSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Madison 
CO.  II. ;  15  m.  NN  E.  from  Cahokia,  75  N.  from 


« 


2fi0 


EEL-EU 


'■l\    ^ 


Kaskafikia,  83G  frum  W.  It  is  situated  in  a 
very  fertile  country,  and  contains  a  land  office, 
a  bank,  and  about  50  houses,  cliicfly  built  of 
logs. 

EEL  RIVER,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs 
into  the  Wabash,  Ion.  86°  27'  W.  lat.  40° 
3i'  N. 

EEL  RIVER  INDIANS,  in  NW.  Terri- 
tory,  on  tlie  head  waters  of  the  Wabash. 

EFFINGHAM,  co.  L.  C.  extends  from  the 
Ottawa  river,  opposite  Isle  Jesus,  in  a  NE. 
direction  between  York  and  Leinstcr  counties. 
It  lies  NW.  from  Montreal. 

EFFINGHAM,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H. ;  43 
rn.  NE.  from  Concord.  Fop.  1820,  1,3G8;  in 
1830,  l,i»n. 

EFFINGHAM,  co.  Geo.  between  Savannah 
and  Great  Ogeechee  rivers,  and  bounded  S.  by 
Ciiatiiam,  W.  by  Great  Ogeechee  river,  NW. 
by  Scriven,  and  NE.  and  E.  by  Savannah  river. 
Length  26  m.  width  18.  Chief  town,  Spring- 
field.   Pop.  1820,  3,018 ;  in  1830,  2,!)G!). 

EGGHARBOR,  6?reo<,  inlet  and  river,  N.J, 
The  river  forms  the  boundary  between  Ca|)c 
May  and  Gloucester  counties,  and  runs  into 
tlie  inlet,  in  lat.  39°  22'  N.  It  is  navigable  20 
m.  for  vessels  of  200  tons. 

EGGHARBOR,  Great,  s-p.  and  port  of  en- 
try,  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  on  the  sea-coast,  at 
the  mouth  of  Eggharbor  river,  60  m.  from 
Phils.'elphia.  Pop.  1,700.  It  has  considera- 
ble shipping. 

EGGHARBOR,  Lj"Ze,  inlet,  N.  J.  lies  17 
m.  N.  from  Great  Eggharbor  Inlet  It  re- 
ceives Mulicus  creek,  which  is  navigable  20 
m.  for  vessels  of  60  tons. 

EGGHARBOR,  Little,  s-p,  and  port  of  en- 
try, Burlington  co.  N.  J.  on  the  sea-coast,  60 
m.  from  Philadelphia.  The  compact  part  of 
the  town  is  called  Clamtown.     Pop.  1,200. 

EGG  I- LAND,  island  on  the  E.  side  of 
Delaware  Bay,  in  Cumberland  co.  N.  J. 

EGG  ISLAIiID,  small  island  on  E.  coast  of 
Virginia,  at  the  mouth  of  York  river. 

EGLISE,  River  de  V,  r.  L.  Canada,  which 
falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence  from  the  N.  44  m. 
below  the  Island  of  Orleans. 

EGMONT  BAY,  on  the  RW.  coast  of  the 
Island  of  St.  John,  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence.    Lon.  64°  W.  lat.  46°  30'  N. 

EGMONT  ISLAND,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexi- 
co, on  the  W.  coast  of  Florida.  Lon.  82°  55' 
W.  lat.  27°  54'  N. 

E(iREMONT,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass. ;  15 
m.  SSW,  from  Lenox.    Pop.  88D. 

EGYPT,  Nm,  v.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J. 

EIGHTEEN  MILE  CREEK,  r.  Ohio, 
which  flows  into  the  Ohio,  18  m.  below  Galli- 
polis. 

ELBA,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.      Pop.  2,679. 

ELBERT,  CO.  N.  part  of  Georgia.  For 
12,354,  of  whom  5,853  were  people  of  color. 
Chie^  towns,  Elbcrton  and  Petersburg. 

ELBERTON,  t.  Elbert  co.  (Georgia,  on  S. 
side  of  the  Savannah ;  23  m.  N W.  from  Pe- 
tersburg, 655  from  W.  It  is  tlie  scat  of  jus- 
tice for  the  county. 

ELBEHTON,  t.  Effingham  co.  Georgia,  on 


NE.  side  of  the  Ogeechee;  48  m.  NW.  iVom 
Savannah,  .55  SE.  from  Louisville. 

ELBRIDGE,  v.  Camillus,  Onondaga  co, 
N.  York. 

ELDERTON,  v.  Armstrong  co.  Pa.;  IDO  m. 
W.  from  Harrisburg. 

ELDRIDGE,  v.  Buckingham  co.  Va.;  82 
m.  W.  from  Richmond. 

ELDRIDGE,  t.  Huron  co.Ohio. 

ELEANOR'S  COVE,  a  harbor  on  the 
NW.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  220°  51 '  E.  lat. 
59°  44'  N. 

ELIM,  or  Parkersville,  v.  Edgefield  dis- 
trict,  S.  C. 

ELIZABETH,  t.  Alleghany  co.  Pa.  on  E. 
side  of  the  Monongahela,  about  18  m.  SSE. 
from  Pittsburg.     Pop.  3,050. 

ELIZABETH,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio. 

ELIZABETH,  v.  Harrison  co.  In. 

ELIZABETH,  t.  Leeds  co.  U.  Canada,  op- 
poslte  Morristown,  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 

EIJZABETH,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Essex 
CO.  N.  Y.  on  Bouquet  river,  130  m.  N.  from 
Albany.  Pop.  1820,  889;  in  1830,  1,729. 
Lat.  41°  12'  N.  lon.  3°  26'  E.  from  W. 

ELIZABETH,  r.  Va.  is  formed  by  the  union 
of  two  branches,  at  Norfolk,  and  flows  into 
IIam|)ton  Roads,  8  m.  below.  It  is  from  150 
to  200  fathoms  wide,  and  at  common  floods 
has  18  feet  water  to  Norfolk.  Its  entrance  is 
defended  by  a  fort ;  see  Craney  Island,  The 
canal,  connecting  the  waters  of  Albemarle 
Sound  with  Chesapeake  Bay,  communicate 
with  the  S.  branch  of  Elizabeth  river,  9  m. 
above  Norfolk. 

ELIZABETH,  t.  Lawrence  co.  Ohio.  Pop, 
295. 

ELIZABETH,  v.  Callaway  co.  Miso.  about 
25  m.  NE.  from  Osage,  at  the  mouth  of  Osage 
river,  and  by  the  post  route,  10  m.  W.  from 
St.  Charles. 

ELIZABETH  CAPE,  the  NE.  point  at  the 
entrance  of  Cook's  inlet.     Lat.  59°  9'  N.— 
There  is  anotiier  cape  of  this  na^o,  on  the  . 
Main.    Lat.  43°  22' N. 

ELIZABETH  CITY,  t.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Pasquotank  co.  N.  C  on  the  right  bank  of  Pas- 
quotank r.  45  m.  S.  from  Norfolk,  and  35  NE. 
from  Edenton.     Lat.  36°  12'  N. 

ELIZABETH  CITY,  co.  Va.  between  York 
and  James  rivers,  having  York  and  Warwick 
counties  on  tlie  W.    Pop.  5,068.    Chief  town,' 
Hampton. 

ELIZABETH  ISLANDS,  on  the  S.  coast 
of  Mass.  between  Martha's  Vineyard  and  the 
main  land  belonging  to  Duke's  county.  Lon. 
70°  3i?'— 70°  56'  W. ;  lat  41°  24'— 41°  32'  N. 
They  ai.i  about  16  in  number,  the  prinniiwl 
of  which  are  Nashawn,  Pasqui,  Nashaweiuui, 
Pinequcse,  and  C^uttyhunk. 

ELIZABETH  RIVER,  r.  N.C.  which  runs 
into  the  Ncusc.  I,on.  78°  18'  W. ;  lat.  33=  50'  N. 

ELIZABEl"HTOWN,  t.  and  bor.  Esses  co, 
N.  J.  6  m.  S.  from  Newark,  15  WSW.  from 
New  York.  Lon.  74 '  12'  W. ;  lat.  40°  3H'  N. 
Pop.  3,1;")7.  It  is  ])lciif--,nntly  situated  on  a 
creek,  emptying  it'^df'into  Statcn  Island  Sound, 
and  contains  an  academy,  bunk,  and  3  houses 


^n 


f  f 


KLI— ELI. 


2C\ 


n.  NW.  fVom 
c.   ■ 
)non(Jldga  co. 

o.Pa.;lDOm. 

1  CO.  Va.;  82 

rbor    on    the 
20°  51'  E.  !at. 

Edgefield  dis- 

CO.  Pa.  on  E. 

It  18  m.  SSE. 

Ohio. 

;o.  In. 

U.  Canada,  op- 

e  CO.  N.  Y. 

f  justice,  Essex 

5(1  m.  N.  from 

n  1830,  1,729. 

rem  W. 

ed  by  the  union 

and  flows  into 

It  is  from  150 
common  floods 

Its  entrance  is 
y  Island.  The 
s  of  Albemarle 
',  communicate 
ctli  river,  9  m, 

CO.  Ohio.  Pop. 

CO.  Miso.  about 
mouth  of  Osage 
10  m.  W.  from 

f  E.  point  at  the 
59°  9'  N.- 
napie,  on  the  . 

[1  seat  of  justice, 
■lit  bank  of  Pas- 
Ik,  and  35  NE. 

.  between  York 
k  and  Warwick 
la    Chief  town,' 

on  the  S.  coast 
neyard  and  the 
_  county.  I -on. 
24'_4P  32'  N. 
the  principal 
u,  Nashawenua, 

C.  which  runs 
.;lat.33=5C'.N. 
dbor.  Essex  CO. 
15  VVSW.  from 
;  lat.  40°  38'  N. 

situated  on  a 
;n  Island  Sound, 
k,  and  3  houses 


fiir  p«bll(!  worsIii[),  1  for  ProsbyterianH,  1  for 
Episcopalians,  and  1  for  Mothodists.  Vessels 
of  20  or  30  tons  come  up  to  tlie  town,  and  tho.se 
of  200  or  ivOO  tons  come  -■  far  as  Elizabeth- 
town  Point,  at  the  niouth  of  tiic  creek,  2  m. 
distant.  A  steam-boat  plies  btstwecn  the  city 
of  New  York  and  the  Point. 

ELIZABETIITOWN,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 
18  m.  NW.  from  Lancaster,  80  W.  by  N.from 
Philadelphia. 

ELIZABETHTOWN,  v.  Alleghany  co.  Pa. 
on  tlic  E.  side  of  Monongaliela  river,  about  12 
m.  above  i^ii  jimction  with  tlie  Ohio,  and  the 
same  distance  S.  by  E.  from  Pittsburg. 

ELIZAilETHTOWN,  t.  and.  seat  of  justice, 
Bladen  co.  N.  C.  on  the  right  bank  of  Cape 
Fear  river,  40  m.  u''  o  Wilmington,  and  55 
below  Fayettt41Ie.  Lat.  34°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  from 
W.  P  40'  W. 

ELIZABETHTOWN,  t.  and  scat  of  justice, 
Hardin  co.  Ken.  on  the  head  of  Nolin  creek, 
a  branch  of  Green  river,  45  m.  nearly  S.  from 
Louisville.  Lat.  37°  47' N.;  .on.  from  W.  8°  35', 
ELIZABETHTOWN  ..  and  seat  of  justice. 
Carter  co.  Ten.  on  the  left  bank  of  Watauga 
river,  130  m.  above  Knoxvillo. 
ELIZABETHTOWN,  t.  Harrison  co.  In. 
ELIZABETHTOWN,  v.  Hamilton  co.Ohio, 
11!)  m.  SW.  from  Columbus. 

ELIZABETHTOWN,  t.  and  cap.  Tyrrcl  co. 
N.  C.  on  S.  side  of  Albemarle  Sound.  It  con- 
tains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  and  a  few  houses. 

ELIZABETHTOWN,  t.  Ohio  co.  Va.  on  E. 
l)ank  of  the  Ohio,  12  m.  S.  from  Wheeling. 
ELIZAVILLE,  v.  Fleming  co.  Ken. 
ELK,  r.  Miso.  which  runs  into  the  Missis- 
sippi, 4  m.  above  the  Little  Falls.  It  is  40 
yurds  wide  at  its  mouth,  and  there  is  a  short 
port.ige  from  its  waters  to  the  St.  Anthony. 

ELK,  r.  of  the  E.  shore  of  Maryland,  is 
torincd  by  the  union  of  Big  and  Liti'"  Elk 
creeks,  at  Elldon,  and  flows  into  the  L .  sa- 
IKake  13  m.  below. 

ELK,  r.  rises  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Cum- 
berland mountains,  in  Ten.  and  flowing  SW. 
into  Alabama,  joins  Tennessee  river,  a  little 
above  tJic  Muiicle  Slio;'.ls,  40  m.  WNW.  from 
Creeks  crossing-place. 

ELK,  r.  of  western  Va.  rises  in  Randolph 
CO.  and  flowing  W.  by  comparative  courses 
about  100  m.  falls  into  the  great  Kcnhawa  at 
Charleston. 

ELK  CREEK,  Pa,  unites  with  Pcnn's  creek, 
and  falls  into  the  Susquehannah,  5  ni.  below 
Sunbury. 

.  ELK  CREEK,  Ohio,  runs  into  the  Miami, 
in  Madison,  Butler  co. 

ELKIIOLM,  V.  Montgomery  co.  Miso.  56 
1"  W.  from  St.  CharlcE. 

ELKIIORN,  r.  Ken.  runs  into  Kentucky  r. 
'i  m.  below  Franktbrt,  and  is  50  yards  wide  at. 
Its  mouth, 
ELiyiORN,  t.  Montgomery  co.  IVIiso. 
ELK  LAlvE,  between  Lake  of  the  WooiIh 
and  Lake  Superior.  Lon.  93^  W.;  laL  4a3 
'"N. 


•11' 


ELKMARSH,  v.  Fauquirr  co.  Va. 
ELKIUDOE  LANDINCi,  t.  Ann-Arundcl 


CO.  Md.  on  tlie  S.  bank  of  the  Patapsco,  at  tiit! 
Falls,  8  m.  SW.  from  Baltimore;  noted  lor  it.s 
tobacco  called  kite's  foot. 

ELKRIJN,  t.  Columl)iana  co.  Ohio. 

ELKRUN  CHUIJCII,  v,  Fauquier  co.  Va. 

ELKTON,  t.  and  cap.  Cecil  co.  Md.  at  tlic 
forks  of  Elk  river,  13  ni.  airave  its  mouth  at 
Turkey  Point,  12  m.  SW.  from  ('liristiana 
bridge,  10  N.  from  Charlestown,  4G  SW.  from 
Philadelphia,  56  NE.  from  Baltimore.  The 
tide  flow8  up  to  the  town,  and  there  was  for- 
merly a  brisk  trade  between  Philadelphia  and 
Baltimore,  through  this  place.  The  village  is 
well  built,  and  the  public  buildings  are  a  court- 
house, jail,  bank,  and  Methodist  church. 

ELKTON,  t.  Giles  co.  'Pen. 

ELKTON,  t.  Christian  co.  Ken. 

ELKTON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Todd  co. 
Ken.  190  m.  NW.  from  Frankfort. 

ELLENSVILLE,  v.  in  the  southern  part 
of  Ulster  CO.  N.  Y. 

ELLERY,v.Chatauqucco.N.Y.  Pop. 2,001. 

ELLICOTT,  t  Chatauquc  co.  N.  Y.,  SE. 
from  Chatauquc.     Pop.  2,101. 

ELLICOTTS,  or  Eleven-milc  creek,  N.  Y. 
rni.  Into  the  Tonnewanta,  at  its  entrance  into 
Isiagara  river. 

ELLICOTTS  CROSS  ROADS,  v.  Cumber- 
land  CO.  Ken. 

ELLICOTTS  MILLS,  v.  Baltimore  co.  Md. 

ELLICOTTVILLE,  t.  Cataraugus  co.  N.  Y. 

ELLINGTON,  t.  Chatauquc  co.  N.  Y. 
Poj).  2,279. 

ELLINGTON,  t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  13  m.  NE. 
from  Hartford.  Pop.  1,455.  There  is  a  cele- 
brated boarding-school  tor  boys  at  this  place. 

ELLIOTT,  t.  York  co.  Me.    Pop.  1,815. 

ELLIOTT,  missionary  stiition  of  the  Amer- 
ican board  of  Foreign  Missions,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Yazoo,  150  m.  NE.  from  Wahnit-hills. 
At  this  place  has  been  erected  since  1818,  a 
village  containing  about  20  houses,  a  Ijancas- 
terian  school  established,  and  other  judicious 
measures  adopted  to  civilize  the  neighboring 
savages. 

ELLIOT'S  ISEAND,  in  the  (iulf  of  Flor- 
ida, between  Florida  peninsula  and  tlie  Cat 
Keys.     Lat.  Q5^  33'  N. 

ELT/IS,  r.  Coos  co.  N.  II.  runs  into  the  Sa- 
co,  in  Barlk'tt. 

ELTjIS,  r.  Me.  which  runs  into  the  Andros- 
coggin, in  W.  part  of  Ruinfnrd. 

ELLISBUR(;,  t.  Jeffirson  co.  N.  Y. 

ELLISBURN,  t.  Jiffcrson  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
5  292. 

'  ELLISBURY,  t.  .Teftcrson  co.  N.  Y.  at  the 
iiioutli  of  Sandy  Creek. 

IILLIS'S  FERRY,  v.  Adams  co.  Mi.ss. 
ELLISVILLK,  v.  Cumberland  co.  Pa. 
ELLISVIIJ.E,  V.  Wairen  en.  N.C. 
ELLISVILLE,  or  Lower  Blue  Lick,  v.  in 
Nicholns  CO.  K(m.  on  a  small  branch  of  Lick- 
ing r.  50  m.  N  E.  by  E.  from  Frankfort. 

ELLSWORTH,  t.  (^nifion  co.  N.  U.  11  in. 
i\.,'V.  iVoiii  I'lviiioiitli.     Pop.  234. 

ELLSWORTH,  t.  Haricok  co.  Me.  24  m. 
NE.  iVom  Castillo.     Poj).  l,3!-i5. 

llLLSWCnrril,  V.  Sharon,  Litchfield  co.Ct. 


m 


262 


ELM-ERN 


P 


w.ih 


i    I 


on  Oblong  creek,  branch  of  Iloiisatonnuc  river, 
12  m.  W.  from  Litchfield. 

ELMIRA  CREEK,  r,  N.  Y.  wliich  joins 
the  Tioga,  at  Elniira. 

ELMORE,  t.  0-lecns  co.  Vt.  16  m.  N.  from 
Montpelier. 

ELMSLEY,  t.  Leeds  co.  U.  C. 

ELSANBOROUGH,  t.  Salem  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
600. 

ELVIRA,  t.  Ih  on  the  waters  of  Cash  river. 

ELY,  t.  Richelieu  and  Buckingliam  coun- 
ties, L.  C.  east  of  Montreal.  • 

ELYRIA,  t  E.  part  of  Lorain  co.  Ohio. 

ELYRIA,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  200. 

ELYSIAN  FIELDS,  v.  Amite  co.  Miss. 

ELYTON,  V.  Jefferson  co.  Ala. 

EMBARRASS,  r.  II.  whicli  runs  into  the 
Wabash,  a  little  below  Vincennes, 

EMBDEN,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  on  Ken- 
nebeck  river,  16  m.  N.  from  Norridgewock. 

EMERY'S  MILLS,  v.  York  co.  Me.  51  m. 
by  postroad  from  Portland. 

EMERSONVILLE,  t.  Gibson  co.  Indiana, 
756  m.  from  W. 

EMERY'S  RIVER,  r.  Ten.  which  runs 
into  the  river  Tennessee,  7  m.  from  ('linch  r. 

EMMANUEL,  co.  Geo.  on  Ocrcccliec  river, 
which  separates  it  from  Burke  co.  Pop.  2,681. 
County  town,  Swainsboroug-h. 

EMMAUS,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 

EMMITTSBURCJ,  v.  Frederick  co.  Md. 
between  Flat  Run  and  Tom's  Creek,  the  west- 
ern sources  of  Monocasy  river,  1  m.  S.  Penn- 
sylvania line,  24  NE.  Fredcricktown,  50  NW. 
Baltimore.    Lat.  31)°  10'  30"  N. 

ENFIELD,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  10  m.  SE. 
Dartmouth  (Jolkgc,  42  NW.  Concord.  It  con- 
tains a  village  of  about  40  houses,  which  is  on 
Mascony  pond,  and  a  village  of  Shakers.  Pop. 
1,492. 

ENFIELD,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  on  the 
E.  side  of  Bclchertovvn. 

ENFTEF.D,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  on  the  E. 
side  of  Connecticut  river,  oppof;ite  Snffield,  with 
which  it  is  coiuiected  by  a  bridge ;  16  ni.  N. 
Hartford.  Here  is  a  settlement  of  Shakers. 
Pop.  2,129. 

ENFIFLD,  t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. 
.  ENFIELD,  t.  Halifix  co.  N.  C. 

ENGLISH  NEIGHBORHOOD,  V.  Bergen 
CO.  N.  J.  on  a  NE.  branch  of  the  Hackinsac, 
W.  of  Fort  Lee. 

ENGLISH  POINT,  cape,  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence.  Lon.  61°  45'  W.  lat.  49°  40'  N.— 
There  is  another  eaj)e  of  this  name,  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Newfoundland.  Lon.  5'S°  29'  W.  lal. 
46°  49'  N. 

ENGLISH  TOWN,  t.  Alliens  co.  Ohio. 

ENGLISH  TO^VN,  v.  I\Ionmouth  co.  N.  J. 
18  m.  E.  from  Princeton. 

ENNISVILLE,  v.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.  79  m. 
W.  from  Harrisburg-. 

ENO,  river  of  N.  C  rises  in  Orange  co.  and 
witli  Little  river  and  I'lnt  river,  Ibrms  the 
Ncusc,  17  ni,  below  IJills!i(,rough. 
_  ENOSBURG,  V.  FranlJin  eo.  Vt.  on  Mis- 
sisque  river,  36  ni.  NE.  fi-om  Burlington.  Pop. 
1,560. 


ENOREE,  r.  S.  C.  a  NW.  branch  of  Broad 
river.  Its  mouth  is  5  m.  below  the  mouth  of 
Tiger  river. 

EPHRATA,  or  Dunkard's  Town,  t.  Lan- 
caster  co.  Pa.  on  Cocalico  cieek,  a  branch  of 
the  Concstoga,  12  m.  N.  from  Lancaster,  60  W. 
from  Philadelphia.  It  is  settled  by  a  religious 
sect  from  Germany,  called  Dunkers. 

EPPING,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  20  m. 
W.  from  PortsmoutJi.    Pop.  1,263. 

ERABLIERE,  r.  In.  runs  into  the  Wabash 
on  the  N.  side,  between  Fort  Harrison  and 
Tippecanoe  creek. 

EQUINUNK  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs 
into  the  Delaware.     Lat.  41°  52'  N. 

ERIE,  lake,  N.  America,  through  which  tlic 
boundary  line  runs  which  separates  the  United 
States  from  Canada;  about  280  m.  in  Icnstli 
from  SW.  to  NE.  and  from  10  to  60  in  bruadtli, 
Lon.  78°  35'  to  83°  10'  W.  lat.  41°  20'  to  4:^^ 
50'  N.  This  lake  is  of  dangerous  navigatiiin, 
on  account  of  the  great  number  of  rocks  which 
project  for  many  miles  together  from  the  north- 
ern shore,  witliout  any  shelter  from  storms. 
There  arc  several  tolerably  good  harbors  op 
the  S.  shore,  the  principal  of  which  are  Bufl'a- 
lo  and  Dunkirk,  N.  Y.  Erie,  Pa.  Painesvillf, 
(Cleveland,  (Granger,  Sandusky,  Croghnnsvill', 
besides  Put-in  and  Maumce  bays,  OJiio.  It 
discharges  its  waters  atNE.  end  into  the  river 
Niagara.  A  battle  was  fbuglit  Jierc,  on  tlic 
loth  September,  1613,  between  the  American 
fleet  under  commodore  Perry,  and  the  Enghsh 
ileet,  in  which  the  hitter  was  taken. 

EIJIE,  CO.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Niagara 
CO.  E.  l)y  Genesee  co.  S.  by  Cataraugus  ahd 
Chatauque  cos.  W.  hy  Lake  Erie  and  Niagara 
river.  Pop.  in  1820,  15,668 ;  in  1830,  3r),;ili. 
Chief  town,  Buffalo. 

ERIE,  CO.  tlie  NW.  corner  of  Pa.  boundii] 
N.  by  Lake  Erie,  E.  by  N.  York,  8.  by  Craa- 
ford  CO.  and  W.  by  Ohio.  Chief  town,  L'ric 
Pop.  in  ]f2(),  8,553;  in  1830,  16,906. 

Erie,  or  Vresqnc  Isle,  t.  and  cap.  Ericco. 
Pa.  pleasantly  situated  on  the  S.  side  of  Lake 
Eric,  on  tlic  niar^-in  of  a  bay  formed  by  Prcs(|iif 
isle ;  80  m.  SSVv .  from  Buffalo,  136  N.  from 
Fit,tsl)urg,  100  E,  from  Cleveland.  It  contain? 
a  eourt-Jiouse,  jni],  and  pruiting-ofSce.  It  hw 
an  excellent  l);irbor  fbr  small  vessels,  but  tho 
entrance  is  narrow  and  difficidt.  Tlie  trade 
of  the  town  is  eonsi?'.erubIe.  'i.'  portage  hi- 
tween  this  place  nrni  French  crL-k,  ore  of  tic 
branches  of  Alleghany  river,  is  only  16  niili  s, 
and  a  turnpihe  has  been  completed  throush 
this  distance.   Pop.  in  1820,  63.5;  in  1^^0,  l,.'!:.':'. 

i:i{IE,  Fort,  a  fort,  with  a  small  village,  in 
Bertie,  Lincoln  co.  U.  C.  at  the  outlet  -if  Lake 
line,  ojiposite  Black  Rock,  N.  Y.  18  in.  alwve 
tho  fhlls  of  Niagara. 

ERIE,  district,  Michigan.    Pop.  1.310. 

ERIMVILLE,  v.  Madiso.,  eo.  N.  Y. 

EUIN,  t.  In.  on  the  Ohio,  opposite  Port  ■Wil- 
liam, lit  the  mouth  of  Kditucky  river,  10  in. 
below  V'evay,  and  12  above  ?*ludison.  ft  isnii 
clev;ite<l  grounfl,  antf  was-:  laid  out  in  181.'). 

ICfJNMSr,  t.  of  Lenox  and  Haddington  fo. 
U.  C,  W.  and  adjoining  Kingston. 


1:RR— KVA 


2(53 


ERREL,  t.  Coos  CO.  N.  H.  100  m.  N.  froni 
(Concord.     Pop.  82. 

ERVING'S  GRANT,  t.  Frntiklin  co.  Mass. 
107  m.  NNVV.  from  Boston.     Pop.  43!i. 

ERWINNA,  V.  on  Delaware  r.  in  Bucks  co. 
Pa.  l.*)  m.  al)0ve  New  Hope. 

ESCATARIA,  small  island  in  L.  C.  about 
.5  m.  N.  from  Louisburg,  in  the  island  of  Cape 
Breton. 

ERVVIN.SVILLE,  v.  Rutherford  co.  N.  C. 
504  m.  from  W. 

ESCAMBIA,  r.  Alabama,  which  unites  with 
the  Conecah,  in  West  Florida,  near  the  north 
border. 

ESKELOOT  INDIANS,  N.  America,  on 
tlie  narrows  of  Columbia.    No.  1,000. 

F^SKIMAUX  BAY,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Lahnidor.     liOn.  51°  50'  W.  lat.  .5P  30'  N. 

ESKIMAUX,  cape  in  Hudson's  Bay.  Lon. 
910  50'  W.  lat.  61°  12'  N. 

ESKIMAUX  ISLANDS,  small  islands  in 
the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  near  the  S.  coast  of 
Labrador.    Lon.  63°  W.  Int.  50°  15'  N. 

ESOPUS,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  on  W.  side  "f 
the  Hudson,  4  m.  S.  from  Kingston,  O'J  S.  from 
Albany. 

■  ESOPUS,  r.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  which  rises  in 
the  N\V.  part,  flows  by  Kinsrston,  and  joins  the 
Hudson  at  Saugerties,  11  m.  below  Catskill. 
LcniTth  58  miles. 

ESPERANCE,  v.  in  Schoharie,  N.  Y.  8  m. 
N.  from  Schoharie,  26  W.  from  Albany.  It  is 
situated  on  the  Schoharie,  and  contains  a  paper- 
mill,  and  other  valuable  mills. 

ESSEX,  CO.  NE.  part  of  Vt.  bounded  N.  by 
Canada,  E.  by  Connecticut  river,  S.  by  Cale- 
donia eo.  and  W.  by  Orleans  co.  Pop.  3,'J81. 
Chief  town,  Guildhall. 

ESSEX,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  on  N.  sid<!  of 
Onion  river,  11  m.  E.  from  Burlinrton.  Pop. 
1,664. 

ESSEX,  CO.  NE.  part  of  Mass.  bounded  N. 
by  New  Hampshire,  E.  and  SE.  by  the  Atlan- 
tic,  and  W.  and  SW.  by  IMiddlesex  co.  Chief 
towns,  Salem  and  Ncwburyjiort.  Ipswich, 
M-.rblehead,  Beverly,  Lynn,  Danvers,  Gluu- 
ccster,  Newbury,  Haverhill,  and  Andover,  arc 
all  considerable  towns.  Pop.  in  1820,  74,655 ; 
in  1830,  82,887. 

ESSEX,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  on  Chebacco 
river,  2  m.  above  its  mouth,  5  SSE.  from  Ips- 
wich, 12  NE.  from  Salom.  The  river  is  navi- 
gable for  sloops  of  60  tons.  Hero  are  built  the 
boats  called  Chebacco  boats.  Essex  formerly 
constituted  the  S.  parish  of  Ipswich,  and  was 
called  Chebacco.     Pop.  1,345. 

ESSEX,  CO.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  Chan.pbin; 
bounded  N.  by  CUnton  and  Franklin  cos.  E. 
by  Lake  Champlain,  S.  by  Washington  co.  ant'. 
W.  by  Montgomery  and  Franklin  cos.  Pop. 
in  1820,12,811;  in  18.30, 19,387.  Chief  town, 
Hizabetlitown. 

ESSEX,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  13t)  m.  from  Albany.  The  Split  Rock  in 
tiiis  town,  is  a  rock  projecting  50  yards  into  thu 
•ike,  the  {wint  of  which,  consisting  of  about 
J  an  acre,  and  covered  with  trees,  is  removed 
ifoin  the  main  rock  about  20  feet.   Tiie  height 


of  this  rock  on  each  side  of  the  fissure  is  about 
12  feet  above  the  water.     Pop.  1,543. 

ESSEX,  CO.  N.  .1.  on  Hudson  river,  oppo- 
site N.  York ;  bounded  N.  hy  Bergen  co.  E. 
by  Bergen  co.  and  Newark  Bay,  S.  by  Madi- 
son eo.  and  W.  by  SomiTset  and  Morris  cos. 
Pop.  in  l«2(l,  30,71)3  ;  in  1830,  41,!}28.  Cliief 
town,  Newark. 

ESSEX,  CO.  Va. ;  bounded  N.  by  Rappahan- 
nock, which  separates  it  Irom  Richmond  co. 
and  inclosed  on  tlie  otlicr  sides  by  Middlesex, 
King  William,  and  (Caroline  cos.  Pop.  10,541, 
of  wliom  6,117  are  slaves.  Chief  town,  Tai>- 
pahannock. 

ESSEX,  CO.  U.  Canada,  comprises  the  cotm- 
try  between  Lake  St.  Clair  and  Lake  Eiit;; 
bounded  W.  l)y  Detroit  river,  and  E.  by  Suf- 
folk eo.     (!liief  town,  Amlierstburg. 

ESTIT,!,,  CO.  Ken. ;  bounded  N.  by  Mont- 
gomery, NE.  by  Pike,  E.  by  Perry,  S.  by  Clay, 
W.  by  Madison,  and  NW.  by  Clarke.  Length 
40  m.  mean  width  about  17.  ('hief  town,  Ir- 
wine.     Pop.  1820,  3,507 ;  in  1830,  4,618. 

ESTII/LVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Scott  eo.  Va. ;  33  m.  a  little  S.  of  W.  from  Ab- 
ingdon,  116  NE.  by  E.  from  Knoxville,  Ten. 
370. SW.  by  W.  from  Rieiimond. 

ESTHER  ISLAXi),isl.  in  Prince  William's 
Sound,  on  the  NW.  coast  of  America.  Lat. 
60°  50'  N. 

ESTHERTOWN,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  on  E. 
sideofSuscpuliannah;  7m.N. froniHarrisburg. 

ESTOPAC:riY  RIVER,  v.  Washington  co, 
Alabama. 

E.STRELTiA,  r.  Guatimala,  which  enters 
the  Pacific  in  lat.  '.P  5'  N. 

ETNA,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Mc,  Pop.  1820, 
194;  in  18.30,  .362. 

ETNA,  V.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. 

ETOWAH,  river  of  Georgia,  rises  in  the 
Apalachian  mountains,  interlocking  with  tlic 
sources  of  the  f  Miatahoochee,  and  flowing  SW. 
joins  in  Alabama  the  Ooste.ialah,  and  forms 
the  Coosa. 

EUBANKS,  v.  Cumberland  co.  Geo.;  88  m. 
NE.  from  Millcdgeville. 

EUCLID,  t.  ('uyahoga  co.  Ohio,  on  Lake 
Eri(^ ;  8  m.  NE.  from  Cleveland.     Pop.  1,000. 

EVERETTSIIOUSE,  v.  Lewis  co.  Ken. 

EUKILLOCiEE,  a  central  district  in  the 
Cherokee  country.  In  1821  the  United  Breth- 
ren established  a  mission  here.  It  is  30  ni. 
from  S|)ring  Pl.ice. 

EUSTIS,  lake,  Missouri  Territorv,  the  SW. 
liead  of  Yellow-stone  river.     It  it;   near  tlie 
head  of  the  Wallaumut,  which  runs  into  Co- 
llunibia  river. 

EUTAW  SPRINGS,  a  small  river  of  S.  C. 
which  runs  into  the  Santee.  Near  its  source 
a  battle  was  fought  .in  1781,  which,  in  effect, 
terminated  the  war  in  this  state. 

EVANS,  t.  Erie  co.  N.  Y. 

EVANSHAM,  t.  and  cap.  Wythe  co.  Vn. 
on  the  E.  side  of  the  Reedy  creek,  a  branch  of 
tiie  Kenhawa ;  40  m.  E.  from  Christiansburg, 
240  WSW.  from  Richmond. 

EVANSVILLE,  v.  and  scat  of  justice.  Van 
derburg  co.  In.  on  the  bank  of  the  Ohio  river 


I 


1 1 


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li'r 


iii., 


261 


EVA— FAI 


f'V.    ., 


1 


If 'f    ' 


[j    ' 


t  \   ' 


w. 

■I 


51   m.  S.  from  Vincenncs,  and  24  SE.  from 
New  Harmony.    Lat.  Se^"  1'  N. 

EVANSVILLE,  t.  Monroe  co.  Ala. 

EVENSBTJRG,  v.  Crawford  co.  Pa. 

EVERITTSVILLE,  v.  Albemarle  co.  Va. 

EVESHAM,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  in  the 
fork3  of  Moore's  creek;  16  m.  E.  from  Phila- 
delphia, 25  S.  from  Burlington.    Pop.  4,000. 

EUSTATIA,  St.  one  of  the  smallest  of  the 
Leeward  Islands  in  the  West  Indies.  It  is 
a  mountain  in  the  form  of  a  sugar-loaf,  whose 
top  is  hollow,  and  lies  on  the  NW.  of  St.  Chris 
topher,  and  belongs  to  the  kingdom  of  tlie 
Netherlands.     Lon.  63°  10'  W.  lat.  17'^  29'  N. 

EVIT'S  CREEK,  r.  Maryland,  which  runs 
into  the  Potomac,  lon.  18°  44'  W.  lat.  31)° 

es'N. 

EWINGSVILLE,  v.  Christian  co.  Ken.; 
749  m.  from  W. 

EWINGSVILLE,  v.  Cecil  co.  Md. 

EXETER,  r.  N.  H.  which  rises  from  a 
small  pond  in  Sandown,  and  pursues  gcnerrJly 
an  easterly  course  till  it  meets  the  tide  at  Ex 
ctcr ;  it  afterwards  pursues  a  NE.  course, 
and  communicates  with  the  Piscataqua  tlu-ough 
Great  Bay.  The  Indian  name,  from  Exeter  to 
the  entrance  into  the  Piscataqua,  is  Swamscot, 

EXETER,  t.  Rockingliam  co.  N.  II. ;  14  m. 
SW.  l)y  W.  from  Portsmouth,  15  NNW.  from 
Newburyport,  18  NNE.  from  Haverhill,  43 
i^E.  by  E.  from  Concord,  47  N.  by  E.  from 
Boston,  489  from  W.  Pop.  2,75<).  It  is  a  Iiand- 
Komc  village.  Small  scu-vessels  ascend  to  it,  it 
being  at  tlie  head  of  lidc-watcr  on  Exeter  river. 
It  contains  a  number  of  public  buildings  and 
three  cimrchcs,  and  is  the  scat  of  very  consid- 
erable manufactures.  Phillips'  Exeter  Acade- 
my in  tills  place  is  one  of  the  most  ancient, 
opulent,  and  useful  institutions  in  the  Unitecl 
States,  having  many  of  the  advantages  and  en- 
dowments of  a  college.  It  has  been  almost 
exclusively  devoted  to  the  preparation  of  schol- 
ars for  college.  Tiie  wiiole  number  that  have 
been  educated  is  2,025.  Number  of  ii'strue- 
tors  4,  including  a  writing  and  singing  mas. 
tcr.  N.nnbcr  of  volumes  in  the  library,  G80 
The  building  is  an  elegant  edilicc,  76  feet  by 
30,  with  wings  34  by  28. 

EXETER,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Maine ;  62  m. 
NVV.  from  Castine,  264  NE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,438. 

EXETER,  t.  Washington  co.  R.  I.;  25  m. 
SW.  from  Providence.     Pop.  2,383. 

EXiyrEH,  t.  Otsego  CO.  N.  Y. ;  10  m.  NW. 
from  C()0])erstown.  Pop.  1,G90.  There  is  a 
flourishing  village  on  tiie  lake  in  tliis  township, 
whicli  has  considerable  trade.  The  celel)rated 
Split  Rock  is  in  this  township,  5  m.  S.  of  tiie 
V'Uage.  It  appears  to  have  been  separated  by 
some  great  convulsion,  aucl  is  esteemed  a  great 
curiosity, 

EXETER,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  on  the  Sus- 
queiiannah  river,  10  m.  above  Wilkesbarro. 
Pop.  900. 

EXETER,  v.  New  Hanover  co.  N.C.on  the 
E.  fork  of  Cape  Fear  river,  36  m.  above  Wil- 
mincton. 

EXETER,  v.  of  FLirrison  co.  In. 


F. 


FABIUS,  t.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y.  It  is  git. 
uated  on  tlie  head  springs  of  Chenango  river, 
148  m.  W.  of  Albany.  Pop.  1820,  2,494;  in 
1830,  3,071. 

FABOMIT  LAKE,  Canada.   Lon.  88°  15' 
W.  lat.  52=^  18'  N. 
FACTORIES,  V.  Hampden  co,  Mass. 
FACTORYVILLE, V.Tioga  co.  N.  Y.  about 
164  m.  SSW.  from  Albany. 
FAIRBLUFF,  v.  Columbus  co.  N.  C. 
FAIR  BANKS,  t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y. 
FAIRFAX,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  on  Lamoil 
river;  18  m.  NNE.  from  Burlington.     Pop. 
1  729. 

'  FAIRFAX,  CO.  Va. ;  bounded  N.  and  E,  by 
the  Potomac,  S.  by  Prince  William  co.  and  \V. 
by  Loudon  co.  Pop.  9,206,  of  whom  3,972  arc 
slaves.  Cliief  town,  Centreville.  The  court- 
Iiouse,  where  a  post-office  is  kept,  is  15  m. 
from  W. 

FAIRFAX,  t.  and  cap.  Culpeper  co.  Va.; 
40  m.  WNW.  fro.m  Fredericksburg,  76  from  W. 
FAIRFIELD,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  on  the 
Kennebec,  opposite  Clinton ;  9  m.  S.  from  Nor- 
ridgcvvock,  25  m.  N.  from  Augusta.  Pop. 
2,002. 

FAIRFIELD,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt. ;  26  m, 
NNE.  from  Burlington.    Pop.  2,270. 

FAIRFIELD,  co.  Ct. ;  boimded  N.  by  Litch- 
field  CO.  SE.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  W.  by 
New  York.  Pop.  46,950.  Cliief  towns.  Fair- 
field  and  Danbury. 

FAIRFIELD,  t,  and  port  of  entry,  Fairfield 
CO,  Ct.  on  liong  Island  Sound ;  21  m.  WSW, 
from  New  Haven,  54  NE.  from  New  York. 
I.,at.  4P  8'  N.  Pop.  4,246.  It  contains  a  court- 
house,  an  academy,  and  several  houses  of  pub- 
lic worship.  There  are  4  villages  within  the 
town,  Fairfield,  Greenfield  Hill,  Green's  Fanns 
or  Saugatuck,  and  Mill  river.  There  are  .3 
harbors.  Black  Rock,  Mill  River,  and  SiUL'a- 
tuck.  With  the  exception  of  New  London, 
Blnek  Rock  is  the  best  harbor  in  the  Sound. 

FAIRFIELD,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.;  10 
m.  N.  from  Herkimer,  75  from  Albany.  Pop. 
2,265.  In  this  town  there  is  an  academy,  anil 
a  medical  seliool  connected  with  it. 
FAIRFIELD,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J. 
FAIRFIELD,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.J. on 
Cohanzy  creek ;  25  m.  E.  from  Salem.  Pop. 
1,900. 

FAIRFIELD,  t.  Crawford  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
725. 

FAIRFIELD,  Westmoreland  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
3,111. 

FAIRFIELD,  or  Miller\  t  Adams  co.  Pa. ; 
8  m.  W.  from  Gettysburg. 

FAIRFIELD,  v.  Rockbridge  co.  Va. 
FAIRFIELD,  district,  S.  C.  between  Wa; 
teree  and  Broad  rivers.    Pop.  21,546.     Chict 
town,  Monticello. 

FAIRFIELD,  v.  Columbia  co.  Geo. 
FAIRFIELD,  or  Roberta',  v.  Putnam  co. 
Geo. 

FAIRFIELD,  v.  Nelson  co.  Ken. ;  10  in. 
from  Buirdstown. 


:^v 


FAI— FAR 


Sd5 


I.  Y.  It  is  sit- 
Chenango  river, 
1820,  2,494;  in 

a.   Lon.  88°15' 

I  CO.  Mass. 

uccN.Y.  about 

8  CO.  N.  C. 
[uc  CO.  N.  Y. 
3.  Vt  on  Lamoil 
Lulington.     Pop. 

ded  N.  and  E.  liy 
illiam  co.  and  W. 
fwhom  3,972  arc 
ille.  The  court- 
,8  kept,  is  15  m. 

^Julpeper  co.  Va.; 
shurg,76from\V. 
t  CO.  Maine,  on  the 
9  m.  S.  from  Nor- 
1  Augusta.    Pop. 

in  CO.  Vt. ;  26  in. 
Dp.  2,270. 
imded  N.  by  Litch- 
Sound,  and  W.  by 
Cliief  towns.  Fair- 

.of  entry,  Fairfield 
ind;  21  m.  WSW. 
from  New  York, 
[t  contains  a  court- 
cral  houses  of  pub- 
villages  witliin  till- 
lill.  Green's  FarniH 
vcT,    There  arc  .■? 
River,  and  Suiira- 
of  New  Loudon, 
)or  in  the  Sound, 
ler  CO.  N.  Y.;  10 
•cm  Albany.    Pop. 
IS  an  academy,  and 
with  it. 
;o.  N.  J. 

;rland  co.  N.  J.  on 
Tom  Salem.    Pop. 

brd   CO.  Pa.    Pop. 

jlandco.  Pa.    Pop. 

5,  t  Adams  co.  Pa.  I 

idtre  CO.  Va. 

„  C.  between  W.r 

ip.  21,546.     Chief 

jin  CO.  Geo. 

ts\  V.  Putnam  co. 

1  CO.  Ken.;  10  "■ 


FAIRFIELD,  co.  in  the  central  part  of 
Ohio.     Pop.  24,788.    Chie*"  town,  Lancaster. 

FAIRFIELD,  v.  Franklin  co.  In.  on  the  E. 
fork  of  Whitewater  river;  7  m.  N.  from  Brook- 
ville,  77  m.  SE.  by  E.  from  Indianapolis. 

FAIRFIELD,  v.  Wayne  co.  II. ;  63  m.  SE. 
from  Vandalia. 
FAIRFIELD,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Oliio. 
FAIRFIELD,  t.  Highland  co.  Ohio,  N.  of 
Hillsborough.    Pop.  2,500. 

FAIRFIELD,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio. 

FAIRFIELD,  t.  Greene  co.  Ohio,  II  m. 
NW.  from  Xenia. 

FAIRFIELD,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
2,900.  In  this  township  is  Hamilton,  the  seat 
of  justice  for  the  county. 

FAIRFIELD,  t  Licking  co.  Ohio ;  4  m.  N, 
from  Newark. 

FAIRFIELD,  t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio. 

FAIRHAVEN,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  on  Pult- 
ney  river ;  9  m.  NNE.  from  Whitehall,  43  W 
from  Windsor.     Pop.  675. 

FAIRHAVEN,  t  Bristol  co.  Mass.  on  the 
Accushnet  river,  opposite  New  Bedford.  Pop. 
3,034. 

FAIRHAVEN,  v.  Gallia  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio 
river,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Kenhawa ;  4 
m.  above  GallipoliH. 

FAIRLEE,  t.  Orarge  co.  Vt.  on  Connecti- 
cut river  ;  35  m.  abovi;  Windsor.     Pop.  656. 

FAIRLEE,  West,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  W.  of 
Fairlee. 

FAIRPORT,  t.  Geavgv.  co.  Ohio,  at  the 
mouth  of  Grand  riier,  on  Lake  Erie;  15  m. 
N.  from  Chardon. 

FAIR  RIVER,  Canada,  ru-is  from  Wapes- 
Baf^a  to  Lake  St.  John. 

FAIRTOWN,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J. 

FAIRVALE,  V.  in  Granville,  W^ashington 
CO.  N.  Y. 

FAIRVIEW,  V.  Erie  co.  Pa. 

FAIRVIEW,  V.  Brooke  co.  V.i. 

FAIRVIEW,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio ;  2;:i  m. 
E.  from  Cambridge. 

FAIRWEATHER,  Capp,  on  the  I'iW.  coast 
o!'  America.  Lon.  222°  20'  E.  lat.  58° 
SOJ'N. 

FAIRWEATHER,  Mount,  high  mountain 
on  tiie  NW.  coast  of  America,  about  12  m. 
NE.  from  Cape  Fairweather. 

FALES'  CREEK  ^lno,runs  into  the  Ohio, 
11  m.  above  Porti:;,.i';;.i. 

FALL,  r.  R.  L-iaiid,  which  runs  from  Wa- 
tuper  Pond  into  Taumon  -iver. 

FALL,  r.  which  rises  in  Vermont,  and  runs 
into  the  Connecticut,  N.  of  Creenfield,  Mass. 

FATiL  RIVER,  v.  in  the  town  of  Troy, 
Bristol  CO.  Mass.  It  is  situated  on  Taunton 
river,  which  is  navigable  for  small  vessels  to 
tl"  town,  and  is  one  of  the  largest  manufac- 
taring  villages  in  tlie  United  States.  The 
manafactures  of  cotton  rr,n  .'  "SI  spindles. 
There  are  also  manufacture  t.  of  satinet,  bleacii- 
ing  and  printing  works,  an'  n>anufnctures 
of  iron.  The  town  contains  7  cnurches  and 
a  bank.  Pop.  of  the  village  3,431.  It 
about  50  m.  S.  of  Boston. 

FALLS  CREEK,  v.  on  Falls  creek,  Tomp 
liins  CO.  N.  York. 


IS 


FALLING  SPRINGS,  creek,  BaUi  co.  Va. 
It  is  a  branch  of  Jackson  river,  and  is  about 
25  m.  SW.  from  the  Warm  Springs,  and  has 
a  fall  of  200  feet  perpendicular  height. 

FALLING  WATERS,  v.  Berkeley  co.  Va. 

FALLOWFIELD,  t.  Washington  co.  Pa. 
on  the  left  bank  of  Monongahela  river,  on  the 
waters  of  Pigeon  creek. 

FALLOWFIELD,  t.  Crawford  co.  Pa.  on 
the  sources  of  Big  Beaver  river ;  10  m.  SW. 
from  Meadville. 

FALLS,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  imme- 
diately W.  from  Zanesville. 

FALLS,  t.  Hocking  co.  Ohio. 

FALLSINGTON,  v.  Bucks  co.  Pa. ;  5  m. 
SW.  from  Trenton. 

FALLSTOWN,  v.  N.  C.  Iredell  co. 

FALM;0UTH,  s-p.  and  t.  Barnstable  co. 
Mass.  at  the  SW.  end  of  the  peninsula  of 
Barnstable ;  18  m.  S.  by  W.  of  Sandwich,  and 
41  S.  of  Plymouth.     Pop.  2,548. 

FALMOUTH,  t.  Cmnberland  co.  Me. ;  5 
m.  NW.  of  Portland.    Pop.  1,966. 

FALMOUTH,  v.  Strafford  co.  Va.  on  the 
river  Rappahannock,  opposite  to  Fredericks- 
burg ;  70  m.  N.  of  Richmond,  and  60  S.  by 
W.  from  W. 

FALMOUTH,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Pen- 
dleton CO.  Ken. ;  30  m.  S.  from  Cmcinnati. 

FALMOUTH,  t  Lancaster  co.  Pa. ;  20  m. 
S.  from  Lancaster. 

FALMOUTH,  s-p.  Antigua ;  7  m.  SE.  from 
St.  Johns.     Lon.  6F  28'  W.  lat.  17°  9'  N. 

FALMOUTH,  s-p.  Jamaica.  Lon.  77°  33' 
W.  lat.  18°  31'  N. 

FALMOUTH,  t.  in  Hants,  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  SE.  side  of  the  basin  of  Mines ;  28  m. 
NW.  from  Halifax, 

FANNETSBURG,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa. 

FANSHAW,  Cape,  NW.  coast  of  America, 
on  the  N.  side  of  Frederick's  Sound.  Lon. 
226°  44'  E.  lat.  57°  11'  N. 

FARQUIER.    See  Fauquier. 

FAREWELL,  Cape,  S.  point  of  West 
Greenland,  on  the  north  side  of  the  entrance 
of  Davisi's  Straits.  Lon.  42°  42'  W.  lat.  59° 
37'  N. 

FARLEY  MILLS,  v.  King  and  Queen 
CO.  Va.;  148  m.  from  W. 

FARLEYSVILLE,  v.  Charlotte  co.  Va.; 
233  from  W. 

FARMER,  V.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y. 

FAliME:..'S,  V.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  264  m. 
W.  from  Albany. 

FARMERSVILLE,  v.  Cataraugus  co.  N.  Y. 
7C  m.  SW.  from  Rochester,  and  50  SE.  from 
Buffalo.     Pop.  1.005. 

FARMINGTON,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  29 
ni.  NNW.  from  Augusta,  200  NNK  fro-.i 
Boston,  649  from  W.  Pop.  2,340.  It  is  a 
valuable  agricultural  town,  and  contians  an 
academy. 

FARMINGTON,  t.  Straffot '  co.  N.  H.  26 
ni.  NW.  from  Portsmouth,    top.  1,464. 

FARMINGTON,  t.  Hartford  co.Ct.  on  Far- 
mington  river,  10  m.  W.  from  Hartford,  30  N. 
from  New  Haven.    Pop.  1,901. 

FARMINGTON,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  9  m. 
NE.  from  Canondoigua.    Pop.  1,773.    Clifton 


f-rfj 


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266 


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epriiigB  are  iii  thit>  town.    They  are  strongly 
impregnated  with  sulphur. 

FARMINGTON,  t.  Trumbull  co.  <  fiio,  12 
m.  NW.  from  VVurren. 

I'ARMINGTON,  t.  Brimont  co.  Ohio. 

F  4RMINGTON  FALLS,  v.  on  Sandy  river, 
5  m.  above  tiie  village  of  Farmington,  and  in 
the  NW.  angle  of  Kennebcck  co.  Me.  97  ni. 
nearly  due  N.  from  Portland. 

FARMINGTON  RIVER,  rises  in  MasHa- 
chusctts,  and  runs  SE.  to  Farmington  in  Con- 
necticut, where  it  is  joined  by  Salmon  river ; 
it  has  a  cataract  of  150  feet,  aflcr  which  it  is 
called  Windsor  river,  and  joins  the  Coimccti- 
cut,  4  ni.  above  Hartlbrd. 

FARMVILLE,  v.  Prince  Edward  co.  Va.  on 
the  Appomatox,  72  m.  SW.  from  Richmond. 

FARNHAM,  t.  Bedford  and  Richelieu  cos. 
L.  Canada,  SE.  from  Montreal. 

FARNHAM,  v.  Richmond  co.  Va. 

FARROWVILLE,  v.  Fauquier  co.  Va.  64 
m.  SW.  from  W.  and  145  NNW.  from  Rich- 
mond. 

FATE,  t  Clermont  co.  Ohio. 

FAUCHE,  r.  II.  runs  into  the  Illinois  river 
from  the  east. 

FAUGHMAN,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio. 

FAUQUIER,  CO.  NE.  part  of  Va.  bounded 
N.  by  Loudon  co.  NE.  by  Prince  William  co. 
ESE.  by  Stafford  co.  SW.  by  C  .Ipeper  co.  and 
NW.  by  Frederick  co.  Pop,  J6,373.  Chief 
town,  VVarrenton. 

FAUSSEMBAULT,  Seigniory,  Hampshire 
CO.  L.  C.  10  in.  W.  from  Quebec. 

FAUSSE  RIVIERE,  a  lake  inLouisiann,  in 
Point  Coupee,  once  a  bend  of  the  Mississippi 
river.  The  banks'  of  the  lake  are  high,  dry, 
and  arable. 

FAVORABLE  LAKE,  N.  America.  Lon. 
93°10' W.;  lat.  ';2=  i8' N. 

FAWCETT*^jTOWN,  t.  Columbiana  co.  O, 
on  Ohio  r.  15  m.  SE.  from  New  Lisbon. 

FA  V/N,  t.  York  co.  Pa.  on  Muddy  creek, 
an*'  joining  the  divisional  line  tliat  separatea 
fliis  Btate  from  Maryland. 

FAWN  GROVE,  t.  York  co.  Pa.  25  m.  S. 
from  York. 

FAYETTE,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  Pop.  in 
1820,824;  in  1830, 1,049. 

FAYETTI",  I.  Sen.oa  co.  N.  Y.  between 
Seneca  and  Ci.yuifa  L,iV?5,  8  m.  SE.  from  Ge- 
neva.   Pop.  in  ]X20,  3,698;  in  18:<0,  3.216. 

FAYETTE,  co.  Ken.  on  the  som'.;cR  of  Elk- 
horn  river,  bonn.ied  by  Jefesamine  SE.  Wood- 
ford W.  Scott  NW.  Bourbon  NE.  Clark  E.  and 
Madison  or  Kentucky  river  S.  Pop.  25,174. 
Chief  town,  Lcxingfon. 

FAYETTE,  co.  Geo.  bounded  N.  by  Henry, 
E.  by  Oakmulgee  river,  S.  by  Monroe,  and  W. 
by  Flint  river.  Pop.  5,501.  Faycttevillc  is  the 
chief  town. 

FAYETTE,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  S.  by  High- 
land,  SW.  by  Clinton,  NW.  by  Greene,  N.  by 
Madison,  E.  by  Pickaway,  and  SE.  by  Ross, 
/op.  in  1820,6,316;  in  1830,  8,180.  Chief 
town,  Washington. 

FAYETTE,  CO.  in  SW.  part  of  Pa.  Pop 
29,237.  'Chief  towns,  Union  and  Brownsville. 


FAYETTE,  t.  GuUia  co.  Ohio. 

FAYETTE,  t.  Lawrence  co.  Ohio. 

FAYETTE,  co.  Indiana.   Pop.  9,112.  Con 
nersvillo  is  the  chief  town. 

FAYETTEVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Cumber- 
land  CO.  N.  C.  60  m.  S,  from  Raleigh,  95  NNW. 
from  Wilmington,  159  NE.  from  (.Columbia,  347 
from  W.  Lon.  79=  5H'  W.;  lat.  35°  3'  N.  It 
is  situated  near  CajJC  Fear  river,  at  the  iicad 
of  boat  navigation. 

FAYETTEVlLIiE,  v.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y, 
by  postroad  139  m.  froMi  Albany. 

FAYETTKVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  juBtice, 
Lincoln  co.  Ten.  on  the  right  bank  of  Elk  r. 
50  m.  SW.  from  Murfreesborougli.  Lat.  .35° 
10'  N. ;  lon.  from  W.  9°  37'  W. 

FAYE1TEVILLE,  v.  Fayette  co.  Geo. 
about  50  n).  WSVV.  from  Millcdgcville. 

FAYSTOWN,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  17  m. 
SW.  from  Montpelier.     Poj).  458. 

FEAR,  Cape,  a  cape  of  N.  Carolina,  where 
there  iaa  dangerous  shoal,  called,  from  'Is  torni, 
the  i'rving  Pan.  lying  at  the  cntranrj  of  Cape 
Foar  nver.  This  river  is  forn.cd  by  two 
branches,  called  the  NW.  and  Nil  branches, 
which  unite  above  Wilmington;  :ind  it  enters 
the  Atlantic  below  Brunswick.  Lon.  77°  45' 
W.;  lat.  33°  40'  N. 

FE;ARING,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio. 

FEiVRY,  V.  Montgomery  co.  Ten. 

FEDERAIi  POINT,  point,  N.  C.  upar  the 
New  Inlet.  Here  is  a  beacon ;  80  m.  W.  by 
S.  from  Cape  Lookout,  30  NW.  by  N.  fi-om 
Frying  Pan  Shoals. 

FEDERALSBUR(;,  v.  in  Dorchester  and 
Caroline  cos.  Md.  on  Marsliy  Hope  creek,  20 
m.  NE.  from  Cambridge. 

FEDERAL  STORE,  v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 
95  m.  SSE.  from  Albany. 

FEEDING  HILLS,  v.  in  West  Springfield, 
Hampden  co.  Mass.  5  m.  W.  from  Springfield. 

FEESTOWN,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio. 

FEL1C1AN\,  CO.  La.  bounded  by  the 
Mississi|.pi,  S.  by  East  Baton  Rouge,  i\.  by  the 
stale  of  Mississippi,  E.  by  Florida.  The  set- 
tlers ore  olmost  entirely  Americans.  Chief 
town,  St,  Francisville. 

FELICIANA,  t.  Feliciana  co.  Louisiana, 
E.  of  Baton  Rouge. 

FEMME  OSAGE,  v.  St.  Charles  co.  Miso. 

FENNER,  v.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  115  m.  from 
Albatiy.     Pop.  2,017. 

FERDINAND,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  60  m.  NE. 
from  Montpelier. 

FERDINAND,  St.  Louis  co.  Miso. 
FERGUSON,  t.  CJcntre  co.  Pa. 
FERGUSON'S  FERRY,  v.  Johnson  co.  11 
FERNANDINA,  s-p.  Amelia  Island.    It  is 
the  only  town  on  the  island. 

FERRIER  POINT,  cape  of  Mexico,  on  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  Lon.  from  W.  41° ;  lat  33^ 
42' N. 

FERRISBURG,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Lake 
Chu.mplain,  at  the  mouth  of  Otter  creek,  22  m. 
S.  froi.-?  Burlington.     Pop.  1,822. 

FERROL,  Cope,  a  cape  on  the  NW.  coast 
of  Newfomidland.  Lon,  5V  M'  W. ;  lat.  51" 
1'  N. 


FER—FU 


267 


ihess  CO.  N.  Y. 


CO.  Louisiana, 


Vt.  60  m.  NE. 


FERRY-HILL,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va. 

FIDALGO,  Port,  inlet,  NVV.  coast  of  Anier- 
ICO,  in  Prince  William  Sound.  Lat.  GO^  55'  N. 

FIELD'S  MILLS,  v.  Brunswick  co.  Vu. 
186  in.  from  W. 

FltTEEN  MILE  CREEK,  r.  wluch  rides 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  runs  into  tlie  Potomac, 
in  Maryland. 

FIGHTING  ISLAND,  small  isl.of  Michi- 
gan  territory,  in  Detroit  river,  a  little  above 
Gross  Isle. 

FINCASTLE,  t.  and  cap.  Botetourt  co.  Va. 
on  Catawba  creek,  which  flows  into  James 
river,  a  few  miles  below  the  town ;  55  m.  W. 
by  N.  from  Lynchburg,  175  W.  from  Rich 
mond,  241  from  VV.  Pop.  about  800.  It  con- 
tains a  court-hodse  and  jail. 

FINCHTOWN,  t.  St.  Ormont  co.  U.  C. 

FINDLEYSVILLE,  v.  Mecklenburg  co. 
N.C. 

FINIIOLLOWAY,  r.  Geo.  which  runs  into 
the  Alatanialia,  in  Wa)'ne  co. 

FINNEYSVILLE,  v.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  97  m. 
SSW.  from  Montpclier. 

FIRELANDS,  a  tract  of  country  in  Ohio, 
which  includes  the  five  westernmost  ranges  of 
townshi|)s  in  the  Cunnecticiit  liesrrve. 

FIREPLACE,  v.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  298  m. 
from  VV. 

FISH  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  S.  and 
joins  Wood  creek  in  Bengal.     I,engtli  4.3  in. 

FISH  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into  the 
Ohio. 

FISH  CREEK,  r.  Md.  which  runs  into  the 
Chesapeake. 

FI8HKILL,  r.  N.  Y.  which  joins  Wood 
creek  2  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Oneida 
Lake.  Another  creek  of  this  name  is  the  out- 
let of  Saratoga  Lake  into  Hudson  river.  Its 
mouth  is  opposite  tlic  mouth  of  Battenkill.  On 
the  banks  of  this  creek  the  British  army  under 
(Jen.  Burgoyne  surrendered  to  Gen.  Gates,  Oct. 
17th,  1777. 

FISHKILL,  small  but  important  creek  of 
N.  Y.  in  Dutchess  co.  falls  into  tiie  Hudson 
opposite  Newburgh. 

FISHKILL,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  on  Hud- 
.son  river,  10  in.  below  Poughkeepsie,  G5  N. 
from  New  York.  Pop.  8,292.  The  village  of 
Fishkill  is  about  5  in.  E,  of  the  river,  on  Fish- 
kill  creek.  The  other  settlements  in  the  town 
are  Hopewell,  New  Hackinsac,  Middlebush, 
and  Wappinger's  Creek.  The  number  of 
churches  is  6.  Here  are  numerous  mills  and 
manufactories,  iuid  2  landings,  at  which  con- 
siderable trade  is  carried  on. 

FISHKILL,  moun.:iins,are  the  continuation 
of  the  Highlands  above  Wcst])oint,  and  carving 
to  tlie  NE.  and  N.  stretches  between  Dutchess 
and  Putnam  counties,  and  thence  through  the 
former  towards  the  SVV.  angle  of  Mass. 

FISHKILL  LANDING,  v.  Dutchess  co. 
N.  Y.  directly  ojinosite  Mcwburgh,  5  m.  S.  from 
the  village  of  Fishiull,  and  (iO  m.  i  love  the  city 
of  N^w  York. 

FISH  LAKE,  V.  Dclawart  co.  N.  Y.  89  m. 
SW,  from  Albany. 

FISH  RIVER,  r.  Alabama,  which  runs  into 
K.  side  of  Mobile  Bay. 


FISHER'S  INLAND,  iul.  in  Lung  Island 
Sound.  It  forms  a  part  of  tlie  town  of  Southold, 
N.  Y.  8  miles  long,  and  2  broad ;  5  m.  SW. 
from  Stonington,  Ct. 

FISHER'S  STORE,  v.  Clark  co.  Alaba- 
ma. 

FISHERSFIELD,  t.  Mer  mack  co.  New 
Hampshire,  27  m.  WNW.  from  Concord.  Pop. 
798. 

FISHING  BAY,  bay,  Md.  on  E.  side  of  the 
Chesapeake,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nanticoke. 

FISHING  CREEK,  Howard  co.  Miso. 

FISHING  CREEK,  t.  Columbia  co.  Pa. 
It  is  watered  by  a  creek  of  the  same  name. 

FISHING  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
the  Ohio. 

FISHING  CREEK,  v.  Wilkes  co.  N.C.    ^ 

FISHINGFORD  CROSS-ROADS,  v.  Bed- 
ford  CO.  Ten. 

FITCHBURG,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  on 
Nashua  river,  25  m.  N.  from  Worcester.  Pop. 
2,180. 

FITCHVILLE,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

FITZHERBERT'S  ISLAND,  in  the  Flor- 
ida  stream.     Lon.  81°  SC  W.  lat.  24°  40'  N. 

FITZWILLIAM,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  13 
m.  SE.  from  Keene.    Pop.  1,229. 

FITZHU(iH'S  SOUND,  narrow  channel 
of  the  Pacific  ocean,  between  Culvert's  island 
and  the  W.  coast  of  America. 

FLATBUSH,  t.  and  cap.  Kings  co.  Long 
Island,  on  New  York  bay,  5  m.  S.  by  E.  fronj 
New  York  city.  Pop.  1,143.  The  public  build- 
ings are  a  court-house,  academy  called  Eras- 
mus Hall,  and  a  church.  A  battle  was  fought 
near  this  town,  27th  August,  1776,  in  which 
the  Americans  were  defeated  by  the  British 
with  great  loss. 

FLAT  CREEK,  r.  S.  C.  which  runs  into 
the  Great  Pedec,  6^  m.  from  Greenville. 

FLATLANDS,  t.  Kings  co.  N.  Y.  on  New 
York  bay,  2  m.  S.  from  Flatbush.     Pop.  596. 

FLAGG-SPRING,  v.  Campbell  co.  Ken. 

FL AGGTOWN,  v.  Somerset  co.  N.  J.  29  m. 
N.  from  Trenton. 

FLAMBOROUGH,  t.  York  co.  U.  C.  on 
Burlington  bay,  at  the  W.  extremity  of  Lake 
Ontario. 

FLANDERS,  v.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  near  the 
head  of  Raritan  river,  15  m.  a  little  N  of  W. 
from  Morristown,  and  59  N.  from  Trenton. 

FLATTERY,  Cape,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
N.  America,  so  named  by  captain  Cook,  who 
discovered  it  in  1788,  because  he  was  disap 
pointed  in  not  finding  a  harbor.  Lon.  124° 
57'  W.  lat.  48°  25'  N. 

FLEMIN(J,  CO.  in  the  E.  part  of  Ken.  Pop. 
13,493. 

FLEMINGS,  v.  Wayne  co.  Indiana. 

FLEMINGSBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Fleming  co 
Ken. 

FLEMINGTON,  t.  Hunteidon  co.  N.J.  23 
m.  NNW.  from  Trenton,  9  S.  from  Pittstown, 
53  NE.  from  Philadelphia. 

FLETCHER,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  22  m.  NE. 
from  Burlington.     Pop.  793. 

FLINN,  I.  Jackson  co.  Indiana. 

FLINN'S  FORK,  v.  CJdwell  co.  Ken.  796 
m.  from  W. 


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FLINT,  r.  Ontario  co.  N.Y.  which  runs 
into  Canandai'T  a  r.  ut  tiie  village  of  Vienna 
in  Piiclps. 

FLINT,  r.  Geo.  which  riBcs  in  N.  lat.  33° 
40'  nnd  running  SW,  by  S,  200  miles,  joins 
the  Chatahoochcc  to  form  tlio  Apalachicoia. 

FLINT  ISLAND,  island  hi  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  near  the  coast  of  Cape  Breton  Island. 
Lon.  .'■)i)o  40'  VV.  lat.  46°  10'  N. 

FLINT-SIXJNE,  v.  Alleghany  co.  Md.  150 
m.  NW.  by  W.  from  W. 

FLORENCE,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  17  m. 
NW.  from  Rome.    Pop.  964. 

FLORENCE,  t.  and  cap.  Lauderdale  co.  Al. 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Tennessee,  at  the  foot 
of  the  Muscle  Shoals,  on  the  road  from  Nash- 
.ville  to  New  Orleans.  It  was  laid  out  in  1818, 
on  an  elevated  plain  100  feet  above  the  river, 
and  is  well  supplied  with  water.  It  lies  op- 
posite a  fine  island  in  the  river,  between  whieli 
and  the  town  is  the  usual  channel  for  boats, 
and  is  one  mile  above  the  mouth  of  Cypress 
creek,  which  also  affords  a  good  harbor;  60  m. 
N.  by  E.  from  Cotton-gin-port. 

FLORENCE,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  ."iOO. 

FLORIDA,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  30  m. 
NNE.  from  Lenox.    Pop.  4.54. 

FLORIDA,  v.  in  Warwick,  N.  Y.  4i  m. 
from  the  village  of  Warwick.  It  has  about  70 
houses,  a  church,  and  an  academy. 

FLORIDA,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Mohawk,  11  m.  S.  from  Johnstown,  35  NW. 
from  Albany.  Pop.  2,838.  It  contains  5 
-churcliGs 

FLORIDA,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 

FLORIDA,  t.  Highland  co.  Ohio. 

FLORIDA,  Cape,  the  most  easterly  point  of 
Florida.    Lon.  80°  37'  W. ;  lat.  25°  44'  N. 

FLORIDA,  Gulf  of,  tlie  channel  between 
the  peninsula  of  Florida  and  the  Bahama 
islands,  N.  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  and  through 
which  the  gulf  stream  passes. 

FLORIDA  KEYS,  or  Martyr's  Island,  a 
number  of  rocks  and  sand  banlis  at  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  E.  Florida.  The  great  sand  bank 
extends  from  the  peninsula  of  Florida  inward 
to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  in  the  form  of  a  hook. 

FLORIDA  TERRITORY,  see  page  150. 

I'LORISSANT,  v.  Miso.  on  N.  side  of  the 
Missouri,  12  m.  above  Belle  Fontaine,  15  from 
St.  Ijouis.     It  is  a  Frencli  settlement. 

FLOUGHER'l'Y'S  CREEK,  Va.  flows  into 
the  Youghiogeny  r.  a  little  below  the  Great 
Crossings.  It  passes  witliin  a  mile  of  Wills' 
creek,  a  water  of  tiie  Potomac. 

FLOWERTOWN,  or  White  Marsh,  I.  Mont- 
gomery  co.  Pa.  on  the  Schuylkill,  12  m.  N.  from 
Philadelphia.     Pop.  1,328. 

FLOYD,  CO.  Ken.  Pop.  4,266.  Chief  town, 
Prestonville.     It  is  in  the  E.  part  of  the  state. 

FLOYD,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  6  n».  E.  from 
Rome,  10  N.  from  U'ica.  Poji.  1,699.  Iron 
ore  is  found  here. 

FLOYD,  CO.  In.  opiwsitc  I,ouisville,  Ken. 
bounded  by  the  Ohio  river  SE.  Harrison  S.  and 
SW.  Washington  NW.  Scott  N.  and  Clarke 
NE. ;  about  20  m.  squitrc.  Pop.  6,363.  Chief 
towns,  New  Albany  and  .TeffersonviUe. 

FLOYDSnURfi,  on  Floyd's  Fork,  Jefferson 


CO.  Ken.  36  m.  W.  from  Frankfort,  and  20  NE. 
from  Louisville. 

FLOYD'S  FORK,  r.  Ken.  which  run»  into 
the  river  Salt. 

FLUSHING,  t.  Queen's  co.  N.  Y.  situated 
about  5  m.  E.  from  New  York.     Pop.  2,820. 

FLUSHING,  t,  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  W. 
from  St.  Clairsville.    Pop.  1,197. 

FLUVANNA,  co.  central  part  of  Va.  bound- 
ed N.  by  Louisa  eo.  E.  by  Goochland  co.  S.  by 
James  river,  and  W.  by  Albemarle  eo.  Pop. 
84J21,  of  whom  3,791  are  slaves.  Chief  town, 
Columbia. 

FOGLESVILLE,  v.  Lehigh  co.  Pa. 

FOIN,  I'oint  Au,  in  St.  Lawrence  river,  the 
first  above  river  a  la  Viclle  Galette,  in  Edwords- 
burg,  Uj>pcr  Canada. 

FOND  DU  LAC,  a  large  bay  at  the  W.end 
of  Lake  Superior,  which  receives  the  river  ^t. 
Louis.  The  American  Fur  Company  iiave  an 
establishment  on  the  river,  21  m.  above  its 
mouth. 

FORBES'  PURCHASE,  a  tract  of  land  in 
Florida,  including  nearly  the  whole  of  the 
country  between  the  Apalachicoia  and  the  Oke- 
lochonne  rivers,  and  extending  S.  to  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico.  It  comprehends  some  of  the  best 
jands  in  Florida. 

FORDS,  V.  Amity  co.  Mississippi. 

FORD'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlon- 
tic,  near  the  coast  of  South  Carolina.  Lon. 
79°  5'  W. ;  lat.  33°  14'  N. 

FORDSVILLE,  v.  on  Pearl  river,  in  Marion 
CO.  Mississippi,  160  ni.  SE.  by  E.  from  Natchez, 
and  80  NNE.  from  New  Orleans. 

FORELAND,  South,  remarkable  point  of 
U.  C,  projecting  into  Lake  Erie,  and  usually 
called  Point  Pele.  It  lies  opposite  to  Huron 
county,  Ohio. 

FORESTERTON,  v.  Burlington  eo.  N.  J. 
15  m.  E.  from  Philadelphia,  and  11  S.  from 
Burlington. 

FORKED  DEER,  r.  Ten.  which  runs  into 
the  Mississippi,  between  Obrien  and  Hatchy 
rivers. 

FORKS,  t.  Northampton  eo.  Pa.  Pop.  1,659. 

FORKS,  V.  Richland  co.  S.  C. 

FORK  SHOALS,  Greenville  co.  S.  C. 

FORK'S  OIL  CREEK,  v.  Crawford  co.  Pa. 
340  m.  from  W. 

FORSTER'S  HARBOR,  bay,  in  Hudson's 
Strait.    Lon.  73°  .30'  W. ;  lat.  62°  18'  N. 

FORT  AMANDA,  fort,  Ellen  co.  Ohio,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Auglaize,  49  m.  NE.  from  Green- 
ville, 12!)  N.  from  Cincinnati. 

FORT  ANN,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Lake  George,  l(i  m.  N.  from  Sandyhill,  60  N. 
from  Albany.  Pep.  2,911.  I'he  village  is  on 
Wood  creek,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  and 
contains  about  40  Jiouscs.  At  this  spot  stood 
Fort  Ann,  often  mentioned  in  the  history  of 
American  wars. 

FORT  ARMSTRONG,  military  post,  U.  S. 
on  Rock  Island,  at  the  foot  of  rapids  in  the 
Mississippi,  2  m.  above  the  mouth  of  Rock  r. 
400  above  St.  Louis.  In  its  neighborhood  are 
a  large  body  of  Indians,  of  the  Sack  and  Fox 
trilx;s,  who  arc  warlike,  and  well  furnished 
with  horses  and  fire-arms. 


FOR— FOR 


200 


FORT  BLOUNT,  or  Williamsburg,  v. 
Smith'B  CO.  Ten. 

t'ORT  BROWN,  fort,  Paulding  co.  Ohio, 
16  m.  S.  from  Fort,  I)cfiinice. 

FORT  BROWN,  at  tlio  head  of  Circon  Bay, 
of  Lake  iMichigan,  and  on  tlic  left  bank  of  Fox 
river.  Lon.  from  W.  10°  30'  W.;  lat.  44°  18'  N. 

FORT  (^HAIITRES,  fort,  Illinois,  in  the 
American  bottom,  built  by  the  French,  at  the 
expense  of  a  million  and  a  half  dollars.  The 
ruins  still  remain,  J  of  a  mile  from  tlie  Missis- 
sippi, and  20  m.  from  Kaskaskia. 

FORT  CHIPPEWYAN,  N.  A.  on  Athapes- 
cow  Iiake.     Lon.  110°  W. ;  lat.  5H='  N. 

FORT  CHURCHILL,  fort,  and  settlement, 
on  the  W.  coast  of  Hudson's  Bay.  Lon.  !)5=^ 
W. ;  lat  580  50'  n. 

FORT  CLAIBORNE,  t.  Monroe  co.  Ala.  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Alabama,  at  the  head  of  nav- 
igation, 60  m.  above  its  junction  with  the  Tom- 
bigbce,  25  E.  from  St.  Stephens. 

FORT  CLARKE,  fort,  Illinois,  on  the  W. 
side  of  Illinois  river.     Lat.  40°  40'  N. 

FORT  COVINGTON,  t.  Fronklih  co.  N.  Y. 
on  St.  Lavirrencc  river,  at  the  mouth  of  Salmon 
creek,  235  m.  N.  from  Albany.     Pop.  2,'JOl. 

FORT  CRAWFORD,  on  the  point  made  by 
the  confluence  of  the  Mississippi  and  Ouiscon- 
sin  rivers,  and  about  5  m.  above  their  junction, 
in  Praijie  du  Chien.  It  is  a  very  important 
frontier  station,  and  trading  establishment 
Lon.  from  W.  U^  50'  w. ;  lat.  43°  5'  N. 

FORT  CRAWFORD,  v.  Conecuh  co.  Ala. 
on  Murder  creek,  brancli  of  Coneculi  river,  45 
m.  NNE.  from  Pensacola,  and  GO  m.  E.  from 
Fort  Stoddart. 

FORT  CREVECOEUR,  fort,  on  the  coast 
of  Florida.     I^on.  85°  30'  W. ;  lat  29°  51'  N. 

FORT  CULONGE,  fort,  L.  C.  on  the  Otta- 
wa river,  170  m.  W.  from  Montreal. 

FORT  DEARBORN,  military  post  of  the 
U.  S.  on  the  S.  side  of  Chicago  river,  J  a  mile 
from  its  entrance  into  Lake  Michigan,  20  m. 
from  the  S.  end  of  the  lake,  and  220  from  Fort 
Howard.     Lat.  41°  53'  11"  N. 

FORT  DEFIANCE,  fort,  Williams  co.  Ohio, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Auglaize  and  Maumce 
rivers,  50  m.  SW.  from  Fort  Meigs,  and  16  N. 
from  Fort  Brown. 

FORT  DEFIANCE,  v.  Wilkes  co.  N.  C. 

FORT  EDWARD,  t.  in  Argyle,  Washing- 
ton CO.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson,  near  the  great 
bend,  16  m.  from  Lake  George,  22  from  Lake 
Champlain,  50  N.  from  Albany.  Pop.  1,816. 
Tlie  New  York  Northern  canal  from  Lake 
C^hatnplain  opens  into  the  Hudson  at  this  place, 
through  a  lock. 

FORT  FEUREE,  fort,  Ohio,  in  Upper  San- 
dusky,  on  Sandusky  river,  40  m.  S.  from  Fort 
Stephenson. 

FORT  FINDLEY,  v.  Logan  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  route  from  Urbanna  to  Fort  Meigs,  Ohio, 
20  m.  N.  from  Fort  Necessity. 

FORT  GADSDEN,  Florida,  on  the  left  bank 
of  Chatahoochee  river,  near  the  point  where 
that  stream  spreads  into  several  channels. 
Lat  33°  15'  N. 

FORT  GAINES,  Geo.  fort,  on  the  E.  side  of 
Chatahoochee  r.  between  lat.  31°  and  32°  N.    I 


FORT  GEORGE,  v.  and  fort,  in  Newark, 
Lincoln  ro.  U.  C.  on  Niagara  river,  )  a  mile 
from  its  mouth.  The  bank  of  the  river,  at  the 
site  of  the  tort,  is  .34  feet  high. 

FORT  GEORGE,  v.  in  Caldwell,  Warren 
CO.  N.  Y.  at  the  S.  end  of  Lake  George,  59  ir. 
N.  from  Albany.  The  ruins  of  the  old  fort  are 
still  to  be  seen.  It  was  built  of  stone,  and 
stood  near  Fort  William  Henry. 

FORT  GEORGE,  isl.  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Florida,  N.  from  the  entrance  of  St  John's  r. 

FORT  GRATIOT,  military  poet,  Michigan 
territory,  on  St  Clair  river,  which  defends  the 
entrance  into  Lake  Huron.  It  stands  a  little 
below  the  mouth  of  the  lake. 

FORTGREENVILLE,  fort,  Darke  co.  Ohio, 
about  33  m.  NW.  from  Dayton.  A  treaty  with 
the  Indians  was  concluded  here  in  1795. 

FORT  HAMILTON,  fort,  Butler  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  Great  Miami. 

FORT  HARRISON,  t.  and  cap.  Sullivan  co. 
Indiana,  on  tlie  E.  side  of  the  Wabash,  65  m. 
above  Vineennes. 

FORT  HAWKINS,  t.  Jones  co.  Geo.  on  a 
healthy  spot,  alwut  1  m.  E.  from  Oakmulgee 
river,  and  30  W.  from  Milledgevillc. 

FORT  HOWARD,  a  military  post  of  the 
U.  S.  in  Green  Bay  Settlement,  Michigan  Ter- 
ritory,  at  the  mouth  of  Fox  river,  184  m.  SW. 
from  Mackinaw,  220  N.  from  Chicago,  and 
360  by  Fox  and  Ouisconsin  rivers  to  Prairie 
du  Chien. 

FORT  INDEPENDENCE,  fort,  on  Castle 
Island,  in  Boston  harbor. 

FORT  JACKSON,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ala- 
bama, in  the  forks  of  the  Coosa  and  "Tallapoosa 
rivers. 

FORT  JAMES,  fort,  Geo.  on  tlie  W.  side  of 
the  Alatamaha. 

FORI'  JEFFERSON,  v.  Darke  co.  Ohio,  5 
m.  S.  from  Greenville. 

FORT  JEFFERSON,  Ken.  on  the  Missis- 
sippi.    Lon.  89°  46'  W. ;  lat.  36°  36'  N. 

FORT  JENNINGS,  fort,  Ohio,  18  m.  S. 
from  Fort  Amanda.         ^ 

FORT  RNOX,  fort,  IiFon  White  river. 

FORT  LAWRENCE,  fort,  Geo.  on  the  W. 
side  of  Flint  r.  31  m.  SW.  from  Fort  Hawkins. 

FORT  LIGONIER,  fort.  Pa.  50  m.  E.  from 
Pittsburg. 

FORT  LORAMIE,  fort,  Ohio,  on  the  head 
waters  of  tJie  Great  Miami.  Lon.  84°  17'  W.; 
lat  40°  16'  N. 

FORT  M ACARTJiUR,  fort,  Logan  co.  Ohio, 

24  m.  N.  from  Urbanna. 

FORT  MACINTOSH,  fort.  Pa.  on  tlie  Ohio, 

25  m.  NW.  from  Pittsburg. 

FORT  MALDEN,  stood  on  the  Detroit  r. 
above  the  village  of  Amherstburg,  U.  C.  The 
fort  has  been  abandoned  since  the  last  war  be- 
tween Great  Britain  and  the  U.  S. 

FORT  MASSAC,  Pope  co.  II.  on  tlie  Ohio 
river,  38  m.  above  its  mouth. 

FORT  MEIGS,  t  Wood  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
right  bank  of  Maumee,  80  m.  SW.  from  Detroit. 

FORT  MEURON,  U.  C.  station  of  the  Hud- 
son Bay  Company,  on  the  N.  bank  of  a  river 
which  empties  into  Lake  Superior  at  Fort  Wil- 
liam,  20  m.  below. 


'■}  •  ■ 


ML.. 


270 


FOR-F(AV 


m  i    I 


•'n  ^ 


FORT  MIAMI,  tori, Ohio,  (.11  Hit-  M.iuin.T.I 
Lon.  8Pr.6'  W.;  Int.  4l^v>(J'  N. 

FOR'J'  MICH  KM,,  or  CnrHa,  on  Uir  riirlit 
hiuik  of  <-lmlalioocliL'  r.  wlicr*;  llit;  mud  [lUHHes 
from  Millril(^(vill(!  In  New  OrlcariH,  ijiKiiit  100 
III.  SW.  l)y  VV.  I'roiii  Millddtriivillc 

FORT  MM.M'.U,  v.  Wasliiiigton  en.  N.  Y. 
on  tlie  bank  of  tlin  IIikIhoii  rivir,  Id  m.  below 
Sandy  Hill,  mid  IIH  N.  from  Allmny. 

I'OKT  MIUO,  fort,  LouiHiana,on  tho  VVa- 
chitta.     I.at.  ;W^;i:)' N. 

FORT  M()NT( ;<  )M KR Y,  v.  imd  fbrt,  Mont- 
^oiiinry  CO.  Ala.  near  the  Alabama  r.  aliout  12 
III.  HNK.  from  Tort  Stoddart. 

FOliT  MOOSI'',,  fort,  at  tlio  S.  extremity  of 
Joinrs'  Ray,  in  lIiidson'H  Day,  at  tiie  iiioutii 
of  MooHO  ri'  cr. 

FORT  OSAGE,  on  the  Missouri,  3,30  in. 
uliove  itn  month. 

FORT  PETITK  COQII I TJ.ES,  fort,  Lu.  on 
Lake  rontchartrain.    It  \n  an  iifiiiortant  post. 

FORT  riC;KEI{IN(;,  Slu-lby  CO.  'I'cn.  at 
Cliickasaw  RlutV,  IkIovv  flic  nioulli  of  Wolf  r. 
FORT  I'F-AIN,  V.  Montfrnmcry  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  rijrht  bank  of  Mohawk  r.  at  the  mouth 
of  Otscfiuaga  creek,  78  in.  NW.  by  W.  from 
Albany. 

FORT  PORTAGE,  fort,  V.  C.  m  the  Otta- 
wa  river,  120  m.  W.  from  Montreal. 

FORT  PORTAGE,  Ohio,  Iti  m.  S.  from 
Fort  Ml  igs. 

FORT  RECOVERY,  Mercer  co.  Ohio,  on 
a  branch  of  Wabash  river,  23  ni.  NNW.  from 
Gr^'enville. 

FORT  ROYAL,  capital  of  the  island  of 
Granaila. 

FORT  ROYAE,  fort,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Mart'nico  Island. 

FORT  ROY AL,s.p.  Jamaica,  on  the  S.  side 
■of  the  island,  in  which  a  thousand  sail  of  slii[)s 
•could  anchor  with  the  {rreatest  convenience 
.and  safety,     ^t  once  contained  2,(100  houses ; 
Init,  in  June  1692,  a  dreadful  earthquake  buri- 
«ed  ninc-tentiis  of  it  eight  fathoms  under  water, 
"rhey,  however,  rebuilt  the  town  ;  but  alwut  10 
years  after,  i»  was  Tiid  in  ashes  by  a  terrible 
fire,  and  in  1722,  one  of  the  most  dreadful  htir- 
rieanes  ever  knovm  reduced  it  a  third  time  to 
a  heap  of  rubbish.    Though  once  a  place  of 
the   greatest  wealth  y.ru'.    importance  in  the 
West  Indies,  it  is  now  reduced  to  three  streets, 
a  few  lanes,  and  about  200  houses.     It  still 
■contains,  however,  tlu;   royal  navy -yard,  the 
navy  hospital,  and  barracks  for  a  regiment  of 
isoldiers.     The  fbrfificatrons  are  kept  in  excel- 
lent order,  and  arc  remarkably  strong.     It  is 
10  m.  SW.  ii-om  Kingston.    Lon.  77°  W.; 
lat.  17°  50'  N. 

FORT  SENECA,  v.  Seneca  co.  Ohio,  93  m. 
a  little  W.  of  N.  from  Columbus. 

FORT  ST.  CLAIR,  Preble  co.  Ohio,  quar- 
ter of  a  mile  S.  from  Eaton. 

FORT  ST.  JEAN  DE  ULOA,  on  a  rocky 
island  at  the  mouth  of  the  harbor  of  Vera  Cruz, 
state  of  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 

;.  RT  ST.  JUAN,  fort,  Mexico,  in  New 
L*in   on  tiie  del  Norte.    Lon.  101°  W.;  lat. 

9i;  'J.        .  .   .  - 


FORT  .ST.  MARY,  fort,  Louisiana,  on  E. 
side  of  the  Mississippi,  (i  m.  SE.  from  New 
( )rlenns. 

FORT  S'l*.  MARY'S,  Ohio,  near  the  sour. 
CCS  of  St.  Mary's  river,  23  ni.  N.  from  Fort 
Lorainie. 

FORT  S'l'.  PHILIP,  fort  and  v.  Plaqurmine 
CO.  Ijouisiana.  It  is  situated  at  the  Phujuc- 
inino  K.iul  on  the  MissiMsijipi,  30  m.  abuve 
Fort  Ilfili'  '. 

FOI  '1'  SMITH,  or  Helle  Point,  U.  S.  fort 
and  the  seat  of  justice  of  Crawfiird  co.  Arkan- 
sas, on  the  S.  side  of  the  Arkansas  nt  the  junn. 
tioii  of  the  river  Poteau.  The  Arkansas  \» 
navigated  by  steam-boats  from  its  mouth  tn 
this  |)laee,  a  distance  of  more  than  .'iOO  in. 

FORT  STAN W IX,  fort,  in  Rome,  N.  Y, 
built  in  nHH  by  the  Uritish,  at  the  expense  of 
l^^.'ilvKlO,  and  rebuilt  from  a  heap  of  ruins  in 
the  revolutionary  war,  and  called  Fori  Sclniy- 
Irr.  Its  ruins  ar(!  now  to  be  seen  near  llic 
village  of  Rome,  between  the  waters  of  tlic 
Mohawk  and  WckmI  creek. 

F(  )RT  STEPH  ENSON,  military  post, Ohio, 
on  W.  side;  of  the  Sandusky,  at  the  settK^mriil 
of  Lower  Sandusky,  18  m.  from  the  mouth  ol' 
the  river. 

FORT  STODDART,  v.  and  fort,  RaUhviii 
CO.  Alabama,  on  W.  side  of  the  Mobile,  \\  in. 
above  its  entrance  into  Mobile  Bay,  and  ],().']C 
from  W.  "      ' 

FORT  STOTHER,  St.(Jlai.r  co.  Ala.  on  tlic 
right  bank  of  tJoosa  river,  20  m.  SE.  from  St. 
Clairsville. 

FORT  WASHINf  JTON,  v.  on  the  left  bank 
of  Potomac  river,  anil  on  the  jwint  above  the 
mouth  of  Pi.icataway  creek.  Prince  Georges 
CO.  Md.  )5  m.  below  W. 

FORT  WAYNE,  v.  Randolph  co.  In.  by 
postroad  175  m.  NNE.  from  Indianopolis,  157 
NW.  from  Columbus  in  Ohio. 

FORT  WILLIAM,  U.Canada,  station  of 
the  NW.  Fur  Company,  on  the  N.  bank  of  tlic 
Kuniniticuvia,  which  is  here  half  a  mile  wide, 
and  empties  into  Lake  Suj^erior,  a  mile  below 
the  fort.     Lat.  48°  N. 

FORT  WILLIAMS,  Ala.  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  Coosa,  in  the  country  of  the  Upper  Creeks, 
about  60  m.  above  Fort  Jackson. 

FORTUNE,  bay,  in  the  S.  coast  of  New- 
foundland, inclosed  by  Miquelon  Island,  and 
Point  May. 

FOSTER,  t.  Providence  co.  R.  I.  18  m.  W. 
from  Providence,  453  from  W.     Pop.  2,672. 
Here  are  several  cotton  manufactories. 
FOSTER'S  FERRY,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 
FOTHERINGAY,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Va. 
FOUCAULT,  Seigniory,  Bedford  co.  L.  C. 
between  Missisque  Bay,  the  N.  boundary  of 
tlie  U.  S.  and  Richelieu  river. 

FOUCHE  DE  THOMAS,  t.  Arkansas. 
FOULKSTOWN,  v.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 
FOULWEATHER,  Cape,  NW.  coast  of 
Americo.    Lon.  236°  4'  W. ;  lat  44°  49'  N. 

FOWLER,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
in  1820,  605;  in  1830, 1,447. 

FOWLER,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  12  m. 
NE.  from  Warren. 


FOU-FRA 


271 


CO,  Ohio,  12  m. 


FOURCHE  AV  CADO,  brftnch  of  WuHhi. 
tall  rivor,  entering  from  the  left.  It  rises  be- 
fwron  VVashitau  proper,  and  Little  Missouri. 

FOUR  rOKNRKS,  V.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 

FOUR  C;ORNKUS,  v.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  14 
m.  fVoni  Rotterdam,  .321)  I'-ti  W. 

FOUR  ('OILNKRS,  v.  f.incohi  <:o.  Me. 

FOUR  MILIJ  IIRANCH,  v.  Barnwell  dis- 
lrict,S.C. 

FOUR  MUiF.  CREEK,  r.  Kentucky,  which 
runs  into  the  Ohio. 

FOXHOROU(JU,  t.  Norfolk  co.  MiiHH.26ni. 
SSW.  from  noHton.     Fop.  1,0!)!). 

FOX  (!APE,  I'acific  const  of  N.  America. 
Lilt.  .TP  4.V  N. 

FOX  ("REEK,  r.  which  rises  in  Albany  co. 
N.  V.  and  runs  into  tlic  Schoharie  river  in  the 
(own  of  Schohnrii'.     Iiciiirlh,  17  ni. 

FOXCROF'I",  t.  IVnohscot  CO.  Maine,  H:J  m. 
NNW.  from  Castinc,  270  NE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  ()77. 

FOX  1ST, AN DS, small  islandson  tl  <■ 

of  the  Gulf  of  St.  l/awrencc. 

FOX  ISfiANDS,  in  the  centre  of  IN  nob- 
scot  Bay,  Maine.  I'licy  contain  about  10,00(1 
acres,  and  constitute  the  town  of  Vinalhavcn. 

FOX  LOACS  <  J  ROVE,  t.  Limestone  co. 
Ala.  SJ69  m.  N.  from  ('ahawba. 

FOX  RIVER,  r.  Canada,  which  empties 
into  the  (Julf  of  St.  liawrencc. 

FOX  HIVER,  r.  which  runs  into  the  Wa- 
hnsh,  15  m.  above  its  mouth. 

FOX  RIVER,  NW.  Territory,  U.S.  which 
riiriH  tiirough  Lake  Winnebago,  and  flows  NE. 
into  Green  Bay.  It  is  comiected  witli  the 
Oiiisconsin  iiy  a  portage  of  4  ni. 

FOX  RIVER,  r.  Indiana,  which  runs  into 
tiie  Thcakiki. 

FRAMINGHAM,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass. 
22  Ml.  VVSW.  from  Boston,  415  from  W.  Poj). 
2,213.  Here  arc  an  academy,  and  a  cotton 
manufactory. 

FRAMPTON,  t.  llorchester  and  Hertford 
cos.  L.  C.  between  Cranbournc  and  lallict,  30 
111.  SE.  from  Quebec. 

FRANCESTOWN,  t.  Hillsborough  co.N.H. 
12  ni.  NW.  from  Amherst,  49()  from  W.  Pop. 
1,540.  It  is  a  considerable  town,  and  contains 
two  valuable  quarries  of  soap-stone. 

FItANCIS,  V.  St.  Genevieve  co.  Miso. 

FRANCIS,  St.  a  tributary  stream  of  the 
great  river  Mississippi,  rising  in  the  state  of 
Missouri,  in  the  lat.  of  37°  45'  N.  running 
parallel  with  the  Mississippi  on  the  W.  at  the 
distance  of  about  40  m.  and  enters  it  after  a 
course  of  about  220  m.  45  m.  above  the  en 
trance  of  the  Arkansas. 

FRANCIS,  St.  a  river  of  Lower  Canada, 
rising  in  Lake  Memphremagog,  which  spreads 
into  the  state  of  Vermont. 

FRANCIS,  Point,  cape,  on  tlic  NW.  coast 
of  America.    Lat.  48=  44'  N. 

FRANCISBURG,  v.  Union  co.  Ken.  240  m. 
from  Frankfort. 

FRANCOIS,  River,  U.  C.  runs  SW.  from 
Lake  Nepising  into  Lake  Huron;  it  has  sev- 
eral portages ;  that  nearest  to  Lake  Nepising 
IS  called  Portage  dc  Trois  Chaudiers,  in  length 
about  half  a  mile. 


FRANCOIS,  v.  Wayne  co.  Miso. 

FRAN(  OIS,  Cai)f,  fine  town  in  the  N.  put 
nfthv  island  of  St.  Iloniingo,  b*!longing  to  the 
French,  who  otlen  call  it  the  Ca|K;,  by  way  of 
eminence.  It  wiis  almost  mined  by  tlie  dread- 
ful commotions  which  attended  tlie  Friiich 
revolution. 

FRANCONIA,  1.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  28  m. 
NE.  from  Haverhill.  Pop.  443.  There  are  2 
maniitiictorics  of  iron  in  this  town. 

FRANCONIA,  t.  Montgomery  ca  Pa. 
Pop.  HOO. 

FRANK  FORD,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  border- 
iiig  on  Newtown. 

FRANK  FORI), ».  Cumlx-rland  co.  Pa. 

FRANKFORl),  f.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa.  on 
a  Hiiiall  creek,  which  runs  into  the  Delaware, 
li  111.  below.  It  is  5  III.  NE.  from  Philadel- 
phia. Po|i.  I,(i37.  It  has  a  number  of  mnnii- 
liicturiiig  eshiblishmeiits,  and  is  a  pleasant  vil- 
lage. Th(!  Friends  have  here  an  Asylum  for 
the  IiisMiie,  with  a  spacious  and  commodious 
building. 

FRANKFORT,  v.  (Jrcenbricr  co.  Va.;  74 
in.  fioiii  Christiniisburg. 

FRANKFORT,  t.  Hampshire  co,  Va.  on  a 
creek  which  runs  into  the  Potomac,  13  m. 
NW.  from  RomiK'v,  4  S.  of  the  Potomac. 

FRANKFORT,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me.  on  the  W. 
side  of  Penobscot  river,  at  the  head  of  water 
navigation ;  2G  in.  N,  from  C'astinc,  12  S.  from 
Bangor.     Pop.  2,487. 

FRANKFORT,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  Mohawk.    Pop.  2,020. 

FRANKFORT,  t.  Franklin  ca>.  Ken.  the 
political  metropolis  of  the  state,  is  situated  on 
the  N.  bank  ot"  the  Kentucky,  (50  m.  above  its 
entrance  into  the  Ohio.  The  environs  of  tho 
beautiful  plain,  on  which  the  town  is  built,  aro 
rcinarkablo  for  their  romantic  and  splendid 
scenery.  The  river  divides  the  town  into 
Frankfort  and  Soiifh  Frankfort,  which  are 
connected  by  a  bridge  across  the  Kentucky, 
which  here  flows  between  banks  4  or  500  feet 
ill  height.  Both  divisions  contain  about  2,000 
inhabitants.  The  State  House  is  entirely  of 
marble,  with  a  front  presenting  a  portico  sup. 
ported  by  Ionic  columns,  the  whole  having  an 
aspect  of  niagnificence.  It  contains  the  cus- 
tomary legislative  halls,  and  apartments  for 
the  Court  of  Appeals,  and  the  Federal  Court. 
The  stair-wfxy  under  the  vault  of  tlie  dome  has 
been  much  admired.  The  penitentiary  in 
general  contains  over  100  convicts,  and  is  one 
of  the  few  establishments  of  the  kind  in  the 
U.  States  tlie  income  from  which  exceeds  the 
expenses.  Its  other  public  buildings  are  three 
churches,  an  academy,  and  county  court-house. 
It  has  a  number  of  res{)ectable  manufacturing 
establishments,  among  which  are  three  manu- 
factories of  cotton-bagging,  a  rofie-walk,  a  cot- 
ton factory,  two  large  ware-houses,  and  the 
usual  number  of  corresponding  establishments. 
It  i;j  at  the  head  of  steam-boat  navigation, 
having  3  or  4  steam-boats  in  regular  employ, 
when  the  stage  of  water  in  the  river  admits ; 
and  is  a  place  of  considerable  commercial  en- 
terprise. The  public  inns  are  on  a  respect?ble 
footing  ;  and  it  is  a  place  of  much  shov/  aui 


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gaiety.  The  houses  in  particular  arc  eingu 
larly  neat,  many  of  thcin  btiiig  built  of  tlic 
beautiful  marble  furnislied  by  the  banks  of 
the  river.  Sco-vesscls  have  been  built  hero, 
and  floated  to  New  Orleans.  It  is  situated  'il2 
m.  from  Nashville,  806  from  New  Orleans,  20 
NW.  from  Lexington,  141)  from  Indianojxjlis, 
252  from  Vandalia,  550  from  Washington,  321 
from  St.  Louis,  and  85  from  Cincinnati.  Pop. 
1,987. 

FRANKFORT,  V.  Beaver  co.  Pa. 

FRANKFORT,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Mor- 
gan  ca  Va.  on  Patterson's  creek,  a  branch  of 
Potomac ;  12  ni.  from  (/umbcrland  in  Md. 

FRANKFORT,  v.  Franklin  co.  II.;  47  ni. 
NW.  by  W.  from  Shawneetown,  and  65  SE. 
by  E.  from  Kasknskia. 

FRANKFORT,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio;  15 
m.  E.  from  Cambridge. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  Vt.  on  Lake  Cliamplain. 
Pop.  24,525.    Chief  town,  St.  Albans. 

FRANKLIN,  t  Franklin  co.  Vt.;  96  m. 
NE.  from  Burlington.     Pop.  1,129. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  Mass.  on  both  sides  of 
Connecticut  river,  N.  of  Humpshirc  co.  Pop. 
2i),341.    C;hief  town,  Greenfield. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.;  8  m. 
SW.  from  Dcdham,  26  SW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,662. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  New  London  co.  Ct  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  Shctuckct,  adjoining  Norwich. 
Pop.  1,200. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  N.  part  of  N.  Y. ;  bounded 
N.  by  ('anada,  K.  by  Clinton  and  Essex  cos. 
S.  by  Essex  and  Ilaniilton  cos.  and  W.  by 
St.  Lawrence  co.  Pop.  11,332.  Cliii.f  town, 
Malone. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Susijnohannah,  N.  of  Delhi ;  346  ni.  from  W. 
Pop.  2,775. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  NW.  part  of  Ala.  on  the 
S.  side  of  Tennessee  river.     Pop.  11,078. 

FRANKLIN  TOWNSHIP,  Gloucester  co. 
N.J. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Bradford  co.  Pa. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Bergen  co.  N.  J. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  S.  part  of  Pa. ;  bounded 
NE.  by  Cumberland  co.  E,  by  Adams  co.  S. 
by  Maryland,  and  W.  by  Bedford  and  Mifllin 
cos.  Pop.  35,103.  Chief  town,  Chambers- 
burg. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  York  co.  Pa. 

FRANKLIN,  t  Adams  co.  Pa. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  and  cap.  Venango  co.  Pa. 
at  the  junction  of  French  creek  with  the  Al- 
Icghany ;  25  m.  SE.  from  Meadville,  63  N. 
from  Pittsburg,  237  from  W.  The  celebrated 
Oil  Springs  are  11  m.  NE.  of  this  town.  They 
rise  from  the  bed  of  Oil  creek,  and.  afford  an 
inexhaustible  supply  of  oil. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Greene  co.  Pa. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  S.  part  of  Va. ;  bounded 
NW.  by  Bottctourt  co.  NE.  by  Bedford  co.  E. 
by  Pittsylvania  co.  S.  by  Henry  and  Patrick 


COS.  and  W.  by  Montgomery  co.    Pop.  14,911. 
Chief  town.  Rocky  .Mount 

FRANK'LIN,  t.  Pendleton  co.  Va.  on  S. 
branch  of  tlie  Potomac;  35  m.  SW.  from 
Moorficid,  .55  N.  from  Bath,  190  from  W. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Russell  ca  Va.;  20  m. 
WNW.  from  Abingdon. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  N.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
10,665.     Chief  town,  Louisburg. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  central  part  of  Ohio.  Pop. 
14,716.  Chief  towns,  F'ranklinton  and  Co- 
lumbus. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Warren  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Great  Miami ;  10  m.  NW.  from  Lebanon,  34 
N.  by  E.  from  Cincinnati. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  N.  part  of  Ken.  Pop. 
9,251.    C;hief  town,  Frankfort. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  West  Tennessee.  Pop. 
l,'j,r)44.    Chief  town,  Winchester. 

FRANKLIN,  v.  Haywood  co.  N.  C. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  and  cap.  Williamson  co. 
Ten.  on  the  Harpath  ;  17  m.  SSW.  from  N.ik1i. 
ville,  767  from  W.  Pop.  about  2,000.  It  is  a 
pleasant  town,  and  one  of  the  largest  niid 
most  flourishing  in  the  state.  It  contains  tiic 
county  buildings,  a  bank,  and  a  printing-office, 
where  a  newspa|x;r  is  pul)lishcd. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  SE.  part  of  Indiana. 
Pop.  10,199.    Chief  town,  Brookvillr. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  St.  Mary's  parish.  La. ;  1.50 
ni.  from  New  Orleans.  liOn.  91°  58*  W.  lat. 
30°  1'  N. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  11.  Pop.  4,081.  Chief 
town,  FVankfort. 

FRANKLIN,  CO.  Ala.  Pop.  11,078.  Cliitf 
town,  Russellville. 

l-TtANKLIN,  CO.  Miso.  Pop.  3,484.  Chief 
town.  Union. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  and  cap.  Howard  co.  Miso. 
on  the  Missouri ;  160  m.  from  St.  Louis. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  NW.  part  of  Georgia. 
Pop.  10,135.    Chief  town,  Carnesville. 

FRANKLIN,  co.  Mississippi.  Pop.  4,622. 
Chief  town,  Franklin. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Attakapas  co.  La.;  1,327 
from  W. 

FRANKLIN  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs 
SE.  into  the  Great  Miami,  below  Franklin. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Jackson  co.  Ohio. 

FRANKLIN,  t  Stark  co.  Ohia 

FRANKLIN,  t  Coshocton  co.  Ohio. 

FRANKLIN,  t  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

FRANKLIN,  t  Wayne  co.  Ohio. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio. 

FRANKLIN,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio. 

FRANKLINTON,  t.  Franklin  cr<  Ohio,  on 
SW.  branch  of  the  Scioto,  opposite  Columbus, 
1  m.  distant ;  45  m.  N.  from  Chillicothe,  and 
41 9  from  W.  It  is  the  seat  of  justice  for  tlie 
county. 

FRANKLINVILLE,  v.  Catauraugus  co. 
N.  Y. ;  2a9  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Albany. 

FRANKS,  t  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.  Pop 
1,297. 

FRANKSTOWN,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.  on 
Frankstown  river;  20  m.  SW.  by  W.  from 
Huntingdon. 


Fl{.\— I'llM 


273 


Pop.  14^11 

CO.  Va.  on  S. 
m.  SW.  from 
)  from  W. 
).   Vu. ;  20  in. 

of  N.  C.    Pop. 

S- 

rt  of  Ohio.  Pop. 

linton   and  Co- 

0.  Ohio,  on  tlie 
>in  Lebanon,  34 

.  Ohio. 

hio. 

of  Ken.     Pop. 
t. 
renncssce.    Pop. 

!8tlT. 

CO.  N.  C. 
.  Williamson  co. 
iSSW.  from  NaKli- 
ut  2,000.     It  is  a 

the   largest  imd 
It  contains  tlie 
1  a  printing-office, 
hcd. 

part  of    Indiana. 
Irookvillr. 
8  parish.  La. ;  l.W 
n.  1)1°  58'  W.  lat. 

4,081.    Chief 

op.  11,078.  Chief 

'op.  3,484.   Chief 

Howard  co.  Miso. 
m  St.  Louis, 
part  of  Georgia, 
larncsville. 
iippi.    Pop.  4,622, 

las  CO.  La. ;  1,327 

Ohio,  which  runs 
;low  Franklin. 
CO.  Ohio. 
Ohio, 
n  CO.  Ohio. 
Ilia  CO.  Ohio. 
;o.  Ohio. 
:o.  Ohio. 

CO.  Ohio. 

.nklin  cr.  Ohio,  on 
opposite  Columbus, 
n  Chillicothe,  and 

of  iusticc  for  Uic 

Catauraugus   cc 
Ifrom  Albany, 
on  CO.   Pa.    Pop 

Itingdon  co.  Pa.  on 
5W.  by  W.  from 


FRANKS'I'OWN-HKANCH,  r,  P.i.  ;  ih( 
NW.  branch  of  the  .Imiiiila,  risrs  in  IJrdlord 
ro.  ami  joins  l^■lysto\vn•hraIlcll,  '2  ni.  Iiilow 
thf  horoiigli  of  liuntingdon,  and  forms  tlu' 
Juniata. 

I'UAKKSAT',  V.  :Miso.  on  fho  road  from  St. 
Clnrlis  to  St.  I.ouis. 

riM'.DKin'' A,  t.  lunt  o.  Dolawarr,  ntthr 
inr'-'.s  of  Molhi'rivill,  ;i  br.iiich  of  Di'l^nvarc 
rivir;  7  ni  from  .Miltiird,  1'2  K.  from  Dovi-r. 

riiRDKinCA,  a  town  of  the  Ftitc  of  'Jror- 
■riw,  in  (ilviin  CO.  nnd  (lin  W.  siiin  of  St.  Siinon 
Ishiid,  with  a  safe  atid  coiniiiodions  liarhnr, 
t;t  m.  SW.  of  Savannali.    Lon.  hi) '  otJ'  \V.  hit. 

:ti  li'  \. 

ri!i;i)KinCK,  t.  Mont^on  cry  co.  Pa.  Pop. 

l.'HIil. 

FIJKDEIiirK,  CO.  Md.  on  thn  Potomac. 
Pop.  l.').7ll.'<.     Chief  town,  Fredoricktown. 

KRi;iti:PvIf:i\,  t.  (Veil  CO.  Md.  on  the  Sa.o- 
Mfr.is,  opposite  Geor^rtown,  1!)  in.  NE.  from 
Clirstirtowii. 

FUHIMMaCK,  CO.  Va.  Pop.  2(),0 1  >*.  Chief 
(own,  Wiiiclicslrr. 

KUKDKinCK  HOUSE,  a  Iradinsr  stafinn 
in  t'liprr  ('aiiad:i,  ne.rr  the  hrnd  waters  oi'  the 
(tt'nwa  river.     I -on.  s-i  -  \\'.  lat.  4>' ■  '.W  N. 

FREDKinCK  I'OINT,  I'.  C.  is  oa  the  E. 
siile  of  Kinu'-toii  hiirlior,  and  on  the  W.  side 
•  it' liiliiiiiiiiiid  Cove,  which  is  niailc  by  i(  and 
I'liiMt  ii(  nrv. 

K|{i;i)E!{ICKSni'R(;,  t.  Spotlsylvania  eo. 
V;t.  and  one  of  t'le  iTio-^l  lloiirisliintj  coiiiuier- 
ciil  tinviis  in  the  state,  is  re^ul.irly  hud  out, 
on  the  SW.  hank  ol'  tiie  Rap;);lr,inri)rk  river, 
liiliii.  troiii  its  luoiitli,  .')7  SW.  from  W.  (If) 
N.  t'roMi  K'iclipiotid.  lioii.  77  ')it  W.  l.it.  !)s 
I'^'N.  U  contains  a  co'.irt-iiouse,  jail,  acadciny, 
■J  hinks,  and  I  houses  of  i)uhlic  worship,  !t 
;<  adv;Lnt;i!reon-;lv  sitn:ited  !o,-  tr:ide,  near  the 
ii'iid  of  n:ivi<jiiti(in  on  tite  JJapp.iliannock,  in 
tlio  midst  of  a  ll-rtile  jtiid  well  eiiltivaied  roiin- 
try.  Vessels  of  l.'M  or  1  lit  tons  ascend  as  l!ir 
as  lliis  place,  and  larjrc  e^uantities  of  corn,  floin-, 
tilKircit,  and  other  prodnee,  are  brought  from 
ilii'  siirromtdina;  eoinitry  lor  ev;)ortafi(jn.  The 
innual  vahio  of  (>,\ports  has  Ix-en  estimated  at 
!?l,M(l'),()n(l.     Pop.  S,:{fl7. 

iUEDinjK'KSIUUc;,  t.  Washin'iton  eo. 
indi;in:i,  on  Hi;^  Bine  river,  20  ni.  NW.  from 
•Virvdon.  •   • 

FREDERTCKSnrUC,  t.  (Jallatin  co.  Ken. 

FREDKinCKSni'Ri.,  t.  Lenox  co.  U.  C. 
on  the  Hiiv  of  (^ninte,  W.  of  Ernestown. 

FREDERICK'I'ON,  or  St.  Anne,  capital  of 
.NV\v  Hrnnswick,  on  St.  .Fohn's  river,  at  the 
lii.'ad  of  sloop  navijcation,  about  Iltl  m.  above  its 
iriniith. 

FREDERICKTOWN,  city  and  cap.  Fred- 
crirk  co.  Md.  on  a  braneh  of  Monoc:isy  creek, 
I.'!  m.  NNVV.  from  W.  12  \V.  from  Fkltimore. 
I<at.  .*1!)3  24'  N.  The  public  buildintrs  are  an 
<li"2:ant  courtdionsr,  a  jail,  hank,  i)riek  market- 
house,  academy,  and  7  houses  of  |)nhlic  wor- 
'*hip.  It  is  a  very  flourishing  town,  and  has 
'Considerable  trade  with  the  back  country, 
'ireat  quantities  of  leatiior,  shoes,  hats,  saddles, 
ind  gloves,  are  sent  to  Baltimore. 
2  K 


FREDERICKTOWN,  t.  Knox  co.  Oliio, 
7  m.  \.  tVom  .Mount  Vernon,  40  NE.  from  Co- 

lumliiis, 

FREDERICKTOWN,  t.  and  cap.  Madison 
eo.  .Mi-o.  near  St.  .Michael's. 

FlfEDERICKTOWN,  v.  Washington  co. 
Pa.  on  the  li  (1  bankof  Mouongahela  river, 2  m. 
below  the  mouth  of  'Pen-.Mlle  creek,  and  8 
above  Brownsville. 

FREDONIA,  V.  Chatauqne  eo.  N.  Y.  45  m. 
from  BiitValo,  and  1.")  t'rom  Erie,  on  the  road 
between  the  two  latter  places,  and  4  m.  from 
Dunkirk  on  Lake  Erie. 

FRI;D0NIA,  V.Crawford  co.  In,  on  Ohio  r. 
■7  in.  below  the  mouth  of  (ireat  Blue  r.  and  15 
in.  a  little  S.  of  W.  from  Corydon, 

FREEBUR(J,  V,  Union  co.  Pa, 

FREEDOM,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me,  28  m.  NE. 
from  Augusta,  Pop,  in  1820,  788  j  in  1830, 
sfil), 

FREI:D0AI,  V.  DutchcBS  co.  N,  Y.  35  m. 
fiom  Albanv. 

FR!;EI)0M,  v.  BaUimorc  co.  Md. 

FREEHOLD,  v.  (Jreene  eo,  N,  Y.  on  Cats- 
kill  creek,  20  m.  NW.  from  Hudson,  and  27 
SSW.  irom  Albany. 

FR  E;  ;!  K  )LD,  (IT  Monmouth,  v.  and  scat  of 
justice,  Monmouth  co.  N.  J.  15  m.  SW.  by  W. 
from  Shrewsbury,  and  25  m.  SE.  by  E.  from 
Rordentown.  It  is  a  pleasant  place,  and  has 
an  ncMdemv. 

FR  E i: Ai  AN,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  40  m,  NW. 
from  Norriilgewock.  Pop.  in  1820,  517;  in 
18.^0,  7-n. 

FRllEMAN'S  STORE,  v.  Jones  co.  Geo. 
14  m.  W.  from  !\Iil!edgevillc, 

IRi;Er()RT,  t.'Cumberland  co.  Me.  20  m. 
NE.  iiom  Portland.     J'op.  2,02.1. 

FiiEEPOiri',  V.  Armstrong  eo.  Pa.  on  the 
rij^lrt  ban!;  of  Alleghany  river,  at  the  mouth 
of  Butfiilo  er  (k,  1.7  m.  below  Kittuning,  and 
2(5  above  P'tisbiirg. 

KR|;E.I'<  )RT,  t.  in  the  south-west  angle  of 
H.irrJMin  eo.  Ohio. 

I'REETOW  N,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  left  side 
of  Taunton  river,  40  ni.  S.  of  Boston.  Pop. 
l,M)i. 

I'!{  EI '.TOWN,  t.  Cortlandt  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
in  I -':•(),  (i(;:i;  in  Is;}!),  1,051, 

ERE.VCll  BROAD  RIVER,  one  of  the 
soiireis  of  Temicssnc  river.  It  rises  in  South 
Carolina,  and  crossing  the  western  part  of 
Nortli  (^'arolina,  enttrs  Icnnessee  through  a 
bre;ieh  in  the  mountain,  and  joins  the  Holston, 
11  111.  above  Knoxville.  It  is  navigable  for 
boats  n(  arly  the  whole  of  its  course  in  Ten- 
nessee. About  IV)  miles  from  its  mouth  is  a 
lar^'c  medicinal  warm  spring. 

FRENCH  GRANT,  v.  Scioto  co.  Ohio,  106 
III.  S,  from  Columbus. 

FRENCH  CREEK,  r.  Pa,  which  runs  into 
the  Alk  irhany,  80  m.  N.  by  E.  from  Pittsburg. 
It  was  the  usual  French  route  from  Lake  Erie 
to  the  Ohio. 

FRENCH  CREEK,  t.  Mercer  co.  Pa, 

FRENCH  CREEK,  t  Venango  co.  Pa. 

FRENCH  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs 
into  the  Ohio, 


274 


FRE— GAL 


nt 


fi 


i 


FRENCH  CRKKK,  v.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. 
200  tn.  NW  froni  Allwnv. 

FKKNCII  CREIiK,  ris.!i  in  Ifcrks  co.  Pa. 
011(1  flowing  SE.  enters  Clieitrr  co.  flills  into 
Schuylkill  river,  10  ni.  above  Norrislown. 

FRENCH  CREEK,  r.  rises  in  Chatauquc 
CO.  N.  Y.  enters  I'u.  in  Eric  co.  and  continuing 
by  compurative  courses  lo  .Mciidville,  there  re- 
ceives the  Ciissawnpi),  turn.s  to  NE.  iJ.j  »i.  and 
unites  with  the  Alleijliany  river  at  Franklin. 
It  is  navigable  as  higli  as  the  mouth  of  Ikcul' 
creek,  .'5  ni.  S.  from  Wuterlbrd. 

FRENCIf.M.WS  BAY,  .Me.  lying  between 
Mount  Desert  Island  and  the  |>ininsuhi  of 
Goldsborough.  It  conununicutes  with  Dlue- 
hill  Ray. 

FRENCH  MHiLS,  now  Fort  Covington,  t. 
Franklin  co.  N.  Y.  on  Salmon  river,  b  ni.  E. 
from  St.  Regis. 

FRENCH  MH.LS,  t.  Onslow  co.  N.C.  158 
ni.  SE.  from  Raleigh. 

FRENCH  RIVER,  r.  Upper  Canada,  whicli 

rises  in  Lake  Nepising,  and  after  a  course  of 

75  miles,  enters  Lake  Huron,  in  lat.  '15='  53'  N. 

FRENCH,  r.  whicli  rises  in  Mass.  and  joins 

the  Qnincbang  in  Thomp.son,  Ct. 

FRENCH'J'ON,  v.  Dinwiddle  co.  Va. 
FRENCHTOWN,  landing,  Cecil  co.  Md. 
on  the  E.  side  of  Elk  r.  1  m.  S.  from  Elkton. 

FRENCHTOWN,  t.  Monroe  co.  Michigan 
territory. 

FRENCH  VILLAGE,  v.  II.  5  m.  E.  from 
St.  Louis. 

FRENEUSE,  lake,  N.  Brunswick,  through 
which  St.  John  river  passes. 

FRESNILLO,  t.  Mexico,  30  m.  NW.  from 
Zacatecas.    Ixin.  101  ->  5b'  W. ;  lat.  23^  S>2'  N. 
FRIENDLY   C(nE,   harbor    in    Nootka 
Sound,  on  the  NW.  coast  of  America. 

FRIENDSHIP,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  30  m.  E. 
from  Wiscasset.     Pop.  ti3 1. 

FRIENDSHIP,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  SVV. 
of  Angelica.     Pop.  1,502. 

FRIENDSHIP,  V.  Anne  Arundel  co.  Md. 
FRitNDSVILLE,   v.    Suwiuehannah    co. 
Pa. 

FROBISHER'S  STRAITS,  little  north  of 
Cape  Farewell,  and  West  Greenland,  discover- 
ed by  Sir  Martin  Frobisher.  Lon.  42^  W. 
lat.  63°  N. 

FROG'S  POINT,  or  Frog's  Neck,  West- 
chester CO.  N.  Y.  on  Long  Island  Sound,  9  ni. 
NE.  from  Hacrlem  Heights. 

FRONTINAC,  co.  Upper  Canada,  on  Lake 
Ontario. 
FRONTROYAL,  v.  Frederick  co.  Va. 
FRUITSTOWN,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa. 
FROSTBURG,  v.  Alleghany  co.  Md.  situ- 
ate  on  the  national  road,  10  in.  W.  from  Cum- 
bcrland.    This  is  perhaps  the  most  elevated 
town  in  the  U.  States,  being,  according  to  Mr. 
Schriver,  1792  feet  above  tide-water  in  Chesa- 
peake Bay.     This  village  is  145  m.  from  W. 
FRUITSTOWN,  t.  Colmnbia  co.  Pa.  15  m. 
N.  from  Danville. 

FRYBURG,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  and  tlie  seat 
of  an  academy ;  lying  on  the  N.  branch  of 
Saco  river,  58  m.  NVV.  of  Porllnnd,  Pop.  in 
1820,1,057;  in  1H30,  1,3.53. 


FRYINGPAN  SHOALS,  off  Cape  Fear  r 
N.C. 

FUERTE  RIO,  r.  Mexico,  in  Sonora,  flown 
hito  the  Gulf  of  Calitbrnia. 

FULLENWIDERS,  t.  Lincoln  co.  N.C. 
194  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Raleigh. 

FCLLER'i't  )N,  Puint,  capi-,  on  the  W.  coa«t 
of  Antigua.  Lon.  (5P  35'  W.;  lat.  17=  13'  N. 
It  is  also  the  name  of  a  cap*;  in  Hudson's  Bay, 
Lon.  bti'  20'  W.;  lat.  04=  10'  N. 

FULLING-.MILLS,  v.  Kent  co.  R.  I. 

FULLMOON  SHOAL,  shoal  of  cape  Hat. 
tcras,  N.  C.  having  10  or  12  feet  at  low  water. 

FULTON,  V.  Rowan  co.  N.  C.  137  ni.  by 
lK)stroad  from  Raleigh. 

FUI/I'OX,  t.  Sumpler  district,  S.  C.  49  m 
from  Columbia. 

FULTON,  C.  H.  Fulton  co.  II.  96  m.  from 
Vandalia. 

FUNDY,  Bay  of.  North  Amcricn,  between 
Nova  Scotia  and  New  Bnmswick.  Its  en- 
trance is  between  Cape  Sable,  the  SW.  point 
of  Nova  Scotia,  and  Alount  Desert  Island  on 
tlic  coast  of  Maine.  The  tides  in  the  Bay  ol' 
Fundy  have  an  extraordinary  rise.  At  tlip 
entrance  of  the  bay  they  are  only  of  the  ordi- 
nary height,  al)out  8  teet;  but  at  Lubec,  con,- 
mon  tides  rise  25  feet ;  at  St.  John,  30 ;  niid  ;.t 
the  head  of  the  bay  00  feet.  The  tides  here 
are  so  rapid  as  to  overtake  and  sweep  off  am- 
mal.s  feeding  on  the  shore. 

FUNKSTOWxN,  or  Jerusalem,  t.  Wasliii.;r. 
ton  CO.  Md.  on  Antietam  creek,  2i  m.  SW 
from  Elizabethtown. 

FURNACE,  v.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  58  ni,  a 
httic  N.  of  W.  from  Harttbrd. 

FURRY'S  TOWN,  t.  Jamaica,  in  St.  James 
CO.  20  m.  NE.  from  Savaimah  la  Men 

G. 

GAINES,  t.  Orleans  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  On- 
tario ;  30  m.  W.  from  Rochester,  18  N.  from 
Batavia.     Pop.  2,121. 

GAINESVILLE,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y. ;  21 
m.  S.  from  Batavia.     Pop.  1,934. 

GALEN,  t.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Eric 
canal,  immediately  N.  of  Junius.  It  contain* 
the  village  of  Clyde.  Here  arc  ealt-works. 
Pop.  2,979. 

(;ALI,ATIN,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y. ;  19  m. 
SE.  from  Hudson.  The  Ancram  iron-works 
in  this  town  are  very  extensive,  and  the  iron 
is  highly  prized.  The  ore  is  obtained  from 
the  neighlwring  town  of  Salisbury,  Ct. 

GALLATIN,  f.  and  cap.  Sumner  co.  W. 
Ten. ;  27  m.  NE.  from  Nashville.  Here  is  an 
academy. 

(iALLATIN,  CO.  Ken.;  bounded  N.  by 
Ohio  river;  E.  by  Grunt,  SE.  by  Grant  and 
Owen,  and  SW."  by  Henry.  Length  S.")  in. 
mean  width  10.  Chief  town.  Port  William. 
Pop.  0,680. 

GALLATIN,  co.  II. ;  bounded  by  Wnbafh 
river  E.  and  SE.  Pope  S.  Franklin  W.  ami 
White  N.  Length  30  m.  mean  width  .33. 
Chief  town,  Shawneetowii.  Pop.  in  1820, 3,155; 
in  1830,7,107. 

GALLATIN,  v.  Copiah  co.  Mississippi ;  36 
m.  from  Monticelio. 


fJAL— (JEO 


275 


bia  CO.  N.  Y. ;  19  11. 

Aiicram  iron-works' 
cnsivc,  and  the  iron 
>re  is  obtained  I'rom 
Salisbury,  Ct. 

aj).  Sumner  co.  ^^• 
aslivillc.     Here  is  an 


bounded  by  Wnbafli 
S.  Franklin  \V.  ami 
nj.  mean  width  33. 
Pop.  in  1820, 3,155; 

li  CO.  Missiesippi ;  36 


GALF.ATINS  UIVKR,  one  of  the  three 
forks  of  the  Missouri,  jninB  tho  main  stream 
inlon.  1I<»^.V  W.;  lat.  l.JJ  1.5' N. 

GAF.tilA,  en.  Ohio;  bounded  by  the  Ohio 
river  K.  and  SM.  Lawrence  .<\V.  Jiiekson  NW. 
and  Meisr-x  N-  I.encrih  .'Ui  m.  widtli  'M.  Top. 
:).7.'t.1.     Cliief  town,  (Jalliiioli-i. 

(J.VF-Mi'OLIS,  t.  and  cap.  (Jallia  co.  Ohio, 
on  Ohio  river ;  HI  m.  SK.  from  Chillieotlie,  l(l~» 
SK.  tlroni  Cohinibus.  It  eontaiiiN  a  eourt-liouse, 
jail,  and  aeadeniy.  It  was  settled  in  ITilD 
by  a  I'Vencli  colony.  Pop.  155.  Lat.  .'is 
.50'  N. 

(JALLOWAY,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
l,G5:i. 

GAT.VESTOX,  v.  I.a.  on  the  Iberville  at  its 
continence  with  Amite  river.  Id  m.  (i-om  l)on- 
ald.":on\ille,  ;i5  Sl'J.  ironi  IJaton  liouj^c.  Lat. 
30'  M'  N. 

GALWAY,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.;  8  m. 
\V.  from  IJallston,  31  from  AJbaJiy.  Poj). 
3,710. 

(JARDINER,  t.  ICennebeck  co.  .Me.  on  the 
W.  bank  of  Kennebeck  river,  opposite  Pitts- 
town.  Cobbeseconte  river  runs  through  this 
town,  and  for  more  than  a  mile  has  a  contin- 
ued succession  of  falls  on  which  are  erected 
various  manufaeturing-  establishments.  The 
(Jardiner  Lyceum  iu  e.-<tablislied  here,  and 
went  into  o|XTntion  in  Jaimary,  1S2.1.  It  is 
novel  in  its  dcsin-n,  beinp;  intended  to  fit  younp 
men  to  become  tiirmers  and  mechanics.  In- 
struction  is  given  in  the  various  branches  of 
natural  science,  and  their  application  to  prac- 
tical purposes.  The  term  of  study  is  .3  years. 
It  is  G  m.  S.  from  Augusta.     Pop  3,7(1!). 

GARDINER'S  BAY  and  ISLAND,  at  the 
E.  end  of  Long  Island,  N.  Y.  Jion.  72=  1;V 
W.;  lat.  41-^  3'  N.  'I'Ik;  island  is  7  m.  long. 
It  was  settled  in  1639  by  Lyon  fJardiner, 
and  is  now  the  jjroperty  of  one  of  hi.s  de- 
scendants. 

GARDNER,  t.  Worcester  f.n.  Mass 


or^ 


!.5  m. 
N.  from  Worcester,  58  NW.  from  Hoston. 
Pop.  1,023. 

(JARLAND,  t  Penobscot  co.  Me.;  28  m. 
NW.  from  Hangor.     V(^.  r.21. 

GARRARD,  co.  Ken.;  Iniunded  by  Rock- 
castle SE.  Lincoln  SW.  Mercer  NVV.  Ken- 
tacky  river,  or  Jessamine  N.  and  Madison 
NE.  Length  28  in.  mean  width  8.  (^hief 
town,  Lancaster.  Pop.  in  1820,  10,851 ;  in 
1830,11,870. 

(GASCONADE,  r.  Miso.  which  falls  into  the 
Missouri  from  the  N.  100  in.  from  its  conflu- 
ence with  the  Missis.sippi. 

(iATES,  t.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  at  the  mouth 
of  Genesee  river;  28  in.  NW.  from  Canandai- 
g:ua.    Pop.  2,64.3. 

GATES,  CO.  N.  C.  in  the  NE.  part  of  the 
state.  Ix-ngth  23  m.  mean  width  11.  Pop. 
',856.    (Uiinf  town,  Ilertlbrd. 

GAULEY,  r.  Va.  enters  the  E.  side  of  the 
Kenhawa,  above  the  falls. 

GEAUGA,  CO.  Ohio;  bounded  NW.  by 
Lake  Erie,  E.  by  Ashtabula  and  Trumbull,  .^. 
l>y  <Ieauga,  and  W.  by  t'uyahoga.  Length 
28  m.  width  21 .  Chief  town,  (^hardon'.  Pop. 
in  1820,  7,791 ;  in  1830,  15,813. 


(iEDDYSIU'RGH,  v.  in  Sulina,  N.  Y.  on 
the  Erie  canal. 

GENESEE,   r.   rises   in  Pa.  nnd   flowing 

through  New  York,  falls  into  Lake  Ontario, 
artording  a  g(xid  harbor  at  its  mouth.  About 
40  III.  N.  of  the  Pennsylvania  line,  there  arc 
two  tails  in  the  river,  1  of  60  and  1  of  00  fi-et, 
a  mile  apart.  At  !{oehester  there  are  also  two 
fills,  1  of  1)6  feet,  and  1,  3  in.  bi-low,  of  75  feet. 
Vessels  ascend  to  the  falls. 

(iENESEE,  eo.  N.  Y.;  Iwunded  S.  by  AI- 
leghany  and  C'ataraiigus,  W.  by  Erie  nnd 
Niagara,  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  nnd  E.  by  Mon- 
roe and  Livingston  eos.  Length  5'2  m.  widtli 
26.     Po|).  ,')l,l):»2.    Chief  town,  Hatavia. 

GENESEO,  t.  and  cap.  Livingston  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  (tencsco  river;  25  m.  W.  from  Canon- 
daigua,  33  S.  from  liochestcr,  35  E.  from 
Hatavia.     Po|).  l,.'il)8. 

GENF:]VA,  v.  in  Seneca  township,  Ontario 
eo.  N.  Y.  on  the  W.  side  of  Seneca  Lake,  near 
the  outlet;  16  in.  K.  from  Canandaigna,!(5VV. 
from  Utiea,  1!)2  W.  from  Albany,  .345  Iroin  W. 
The  lake  is  here  3  miles  wide.  It  is  one  of 
the  neatest  villages  in  the  state.  The  neigh- 
borhood  has  a  varied  and  pleasant  scenery, 
with  many  elegant  country-seats.  The  vil- 
lage contains  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  col- 
lege. The  college  was  founded  in  1823.  It 
has  9  instructors,  and  a  library  of  1,500  vols. 
Commencement  is  on  the  first  Wednesday  in 
August.  It  has  3  vacations:  Ist,  from  com- 
mencement, 5  weeks ;  2d,  at  Christmas  and 
New  Year,  2  weeks  ;  3d,  three  weeks  in 
April. 

( JENEV A,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  on  Lake 
Erie ;  10  in.  NVV.  from  .Feflerson.    Pop.  315. 

(JENOA,  t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  on  Cayuga 
Lake;  25  m.  S.  from  Auburn,  180  W.  from 
Albany.  I'op.  2,5S5.  It  has  5  houses  of  pub- 
lie  worship. 

(JENOA,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  2,768. 

GEOFUJi:,  t.  Tayettf!  co.  I'a.  on  the  SE. 
side  of  the  Monongahela,  at  the  mouth  of 
George  creek,  16  m.  SW.  from  Union.  It  is 
a  place  of  eonsiderabli;  trade. 

(;E0K(;E  LAKi;a  beautiful  lake,  36  m. 
long,  and  about  2  broad,  between  Washington 
and  Warren  counties,  N.  Y.  It  communicates 
with  Lake  Champlain,  by  an  outlet  3  miles 
long,  in  whieh  distanci-  the  water  descends 
nearly  100  fiet.  The  lake  is  surrounded  by 
high  mountains,  and  is  much  celebrated  for 
the  romantic  beauty  of  its  scenery.  There  arc 
numerous  small  islands  in  the  lake,  on  some 
of  which  are  foimd  crystals  of  quartz,  of  un- 
common transparency  and  perfection  of  form. 
'I'liis  lake  was  conspicuous  in  the  wars  of  this 
country,  and  several  memorable  battles  were 
fought  on  its  bordr;rs. 

(JEOKCJi;,  t.  I'avetle  eo.  Pa.     Pop.  2,08G. 

(iEORGE  CIU'EK,  r.  America,  which 
runs  into  the  Potomac,  12  ni.  SW.  from  Fort 
CumlM-rland. 

tillOFiGETOWN,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  on  the 
FCennekek ;  15  m.  SW.  from  '  Viscasset,  160 
NFv  from  FJoston,  621  from  W.     Pop.  1,258. 

GEORGETOWN,  t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y. 
Pop.  1,094. 


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276 


GEO— GIB 


GEORGETOWN,  t.  Htuver  co.  I'li. ;  41  in. 

Ik'Iow  Pittsburjr,  on  tliu  S.  siilc  of  Uh;  Oliio. 
1'liis  is  a  flourishing  town,  nnd  id  a  plucu  of 
ConKidernliK-  triidc. 

(;K0R(jF:'I'OWN,  l.  nnd  cap.  Siidwx  ro. 
Dtlttwaro;  Ifi  ni.  WS\V.  from  I.cwistown,  lO.'J 
S.  from  i'hiliid<l|«hi!i,  KlH  from  W.  It  ton- 
tttins  an  academv  and  n  bank. 

CJEORGETOWN,  t.  and  \mri  of  rnfr>-, 
Wasliinpfon  ro.  nnd  District  of  ('(ilmid)ia,  on 
NE.  Imnk  of  tlu-  I'olomnr,  nlxjiit  ^.'IKI  m.  from 
its  mouth,  and  !)()()  from  Iho  ra|Hs  of  Nirjiinin, 


a VA  >R( ;  ETi  »\\  N  (  ROSS.RJ  ).\  I)S,  v.  Kt i.i 

CO.  Md. :   1  ni.  S.  from  (irorirrfown,  D.  C. 

(:i:(»i{(;i;'i"n\vN  i;.\'i"i{,\N(i;,th.  .nomi, 

of  the  (Jrint  I'cdru  riv<T,  on  tlie  couhI  of  South 
( 'nroIin;i. 

Cr.lJM  \.\.  f.  OinianL'o  ro.  N.  Y.;  1.")  m. 
\\'.  from  Norwiili,  ll.'i  W.  from  Allmny.  Vi>\\ 
Hh-1. 

(;r;im  \\,  t.  Fnvrfic  r...  Pn.     ro|..  L'.f|(l(). 

(.r.ini AN, ».  Clarki-  (..Ohio. 

(;i:i;m  \.\,  t. CosIkicicii  <.,.  ohlo. 

(.T.IMI  \\.  t.  ('ii[«'  (Jiriirdnin  ro.  AIi«o. 
(;i:i.'M  AN    I'LA'IS.  1.  Ilrri>ini.r  ro.  \.  Y. 
side 


3  m.  W.  of  the  Capitol  in  WnshioL'ton.     It  is  j 

8(>paratcd  from  W.iHliin(rljin  l)y  Kork  rrttk, ^on  the  >'.  siilc  of  the  Mohnwk  ;  .1  ni.  S.  Irnm 
yrt  from  its  pro.ximity  it  npinnrs  to  the  ryi-  toj  fit  rkimcr,  7."»  W.  trom  Alliany.  Top.  LMiiil. 
make  a  part  of  tht!  city.  The  sitnution  is  very  ,  In  this  town  sIikxI  I'ort  llrrkinur,  nn  ntioiiul 
pleasant,  commandinu  a  iK'nutiful  virw  of  the  in  thr  histiiry  ot"  Amirioin  warr.  'i'iir  (iir. 
river,  the  city  of  \Vnshinf;ton,  nnd  thr  unr- imaii  llals  arr  an  rxirnsivr  tract  of  iillmiul 
rounding  country.  Tiie  houses  are  principally  land,  on  hofli  sides  of  tiir  Mohawk,  in  this 
built  of  brick,  and  ninny  of  Ihrm  are  elrirant.  town  and  'I'd  ':iiiirr.  'I'hooirh  ilhashmi 
On  the  hillH  near  the  town  tliere  arc  srvcrnl  Irullivatr*!  nearly  100  yenr.s,  it  has  lost  iiniic 
elepant  country-seats.     The  situation  is  v»ry  of  its  ti  rtililv. 


liealthy,  and  the  water  excellent.    It  is  a  Hour- 
isliin^;  town,  and  a  plnce  of  considrralilr  tradt 


GKHMANNA.  V.  on  Rapid  Ann  rivrr.  in 
tjie  NE.  nntfir  of  Oratijje  rt).  Va.;  7Q  ni.  S\\. 
Pop.  8,441.  A  cannl  fron)  the  Potr.mae  to  the  from  \V.  and  ^'l  .\.  trom  K'iihmond. 
Ohio  Ixpins  at  this  plnc«'.  (ieorL'ilown  ('ol-j  (JilK'Ai  Wi't  )\\  X,  t.  Colundiia  ro.  N.  Y. 
Irpr,  situated  lirrc,  is  a  Catholir  institution,, on  Hudson  river,  1:2  in.  below  Hudson.  IVip. 
UJider  the  direction  of  the  lncori)oraled  ("alho-  !)(i7. 

lie  CJIersry  of  Maryland.  It  was  first  incor-j  (;EiniA.\TOWN,  t.  Philndel|.hin  eo.  Pa. ; 
poratcd  in  17!)!).  It  has  two  spacious  editirrs.jG  m.  \.  from  Philadclphi.i.  Pop.  4,ril"J.  '  It 
and  a  library  contnininp  7,000  volumes.  The'rontains  1  rliurrhcs,  I  llir  rrisliytrriaris,  1  iJir 
nunil>er  of  students  ranju's  from  110  to  17."i.  Grrman  Calvinisls,  1  lor  Lutherans,  ami  1  tl.r 
Here  is  likewise  a  larjre  nunnerv,  called  the'Krirnds.  'I'hr  Jiousrs  are  rhii  fly  of  slnur, 
Convent  of  Visitation.  It  was  founded  by  the.  some  of  them  larir''  and  rieirant,  and  Imill 
late  most  Rev.  Archbishop  Neale,  in  17!trt. ;  prineipally  on  fnie  slri>et,  almiit  i2  m.  in  Irnirtli. 
The  niunber  of  nuns  varies  from  .'iO  to  70.  iTiie  inhaliitnnfs  are  mostly  Ciermnns  uml 
Attached  to  this  institution  is  a  larffc  andjnufch.  Here  is  the  principal  rontrrcfrntionfif 
flourishing  Female  Academy.     The  boardinirithe  IVIenonists.     The  battle  of  (irrmantown 


school  contains  100  young  ladies,  under  the 
instruction  of  tlie  nuns, 

GEORGETOWN,  v.  Kent  co.  :\Id.  on  the 


was  touirht  here  nn  the  Ith  of  Oclolier,  1777. 
In  this  vijlafre  is  situated  l\[oimt  Airy  Cnllrirc, 
nn  inslilution  justly  celebrated.     The  rail-road 


Sassafras  river,  M  m.  SW.  from  Philacielphia.ifrom  Philadelphia  to  Norristown  passes  fhro«|rti 
GEORGETOWN,  district  of  S.  C. ;  bound- 1  this  place. 


cd  by  the  Atlantic  ocean  SIC.  by  Sanf(  <;  river  | 
or  Charleston  SW.  by  Williamsburg  NW.  nn<l 
by  Marion  and  Horry  NE.  Length  3(i  m. 
mean  width  2.5.  Chief  town,  (icorgctown. 
Pop.  1820,  17,603;  in  1830, 19,943. 
GEORGETOWN,  v.  8ca|K)rt,  and  seat  of 

i'ustice,  Georgetown  district,  S.  C.  near  the 
cad  of  Winyan  Ikj',  60  m.  NE.  from  Charles- 
ton. Lat33='21'N.  Pop.  nlxjut  9,000.  V-fs- 
seU  drawing  11  feet  water  jmiss  up  to  the  town. 
It  has  a  fine  back  country,  watered  by  the 
(ireat  Pedee.  It  contains  several  j)laccs  of 
public  worship,  a  bank,  and  the  ordinary  build- 
ings necessary  for  a  county  town. 

GEORGETOWN,  v.  Warren  co.  Ceo.  on 
the  left  side  of  Ogccchcc  river,  60  m.  from 
Savannah,  and  3!>  al)ove  Louisville. 

GEORtJETOWN,  t.  and  scat  of  justice, 
Scott  ca  Ken*  on  the  left  bank  of  North  Elk- 
horn  creek,  15  m.  E.  from  Frankfort  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  bank,  printing-office,  nnd 
Bevcrol  places  of  public  worship.  LaL  38'^  14' 
N. ;  Ion.  7^  28'  W.  from  W.     Pop.  I,:i44 

GEORGETOWN,  v.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  6 
m.  SE.  from  Cadiz. 

GEORGETOWN,  v.  Dearborn  ro.  In 


GEHMANTOWN,  t.  Uydc  co.  N.  C.  on 
a  bay  in  Piimiico  Sound;  108  m.  from  Ka- 
leipli. 

Gi;RMANTOWN,»f.  Stokes  co.  N.  C.  on 
the  Town  Fork  of  the  Dan.  It  contains  n 
court-house,  jail,  nnd  nliont  40  houses. 

(;ERMANTOWN,t.  Montgomery  co.Ohio, 
13  m.  S.  from  Dnvlon. 

(;KRMANY,  U  Adams  co.  Pa.    Pop.  1,273. 

fiERRY,  t.  Chala'ique  co.  N.  York.  Pop- 
1,110. 

GETTYSBURG,  t.  nnd  cap.  Adams  ro. 
Pa.  on  Rock  creek,  one  of  the  sources  of  llif 
Monocasv,  36  m.  from  Williamsport,  Md.  ^~ 
from  IJa'ltimore,  118  W.  from  Philadelphia. 
Pop.  1,.173.  It  contains  a  court-house,  jnil, 
bank,  nnd  printing-office,  from  which  a  news- 
paper is  issued. 

( niKNT,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.   Pop.  2,790. 

(illENT,  f.  Gallatin  co.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio, 
opiKisile  Vevav. 

GIANT  OF  THE  VAT,LEY,  mt.  Eliza- 
bethtown,  N.  York,  1,200  feet  high. 

(ilRBONSVlLLE,  v.  in  Watcrvliet,  N.  Y. 
Here  is  a  V.  S.  arsenal. 

GIliSON,  t.  Clearfield  co.  Pa.     Pop.  .300. 


(Jin  ci»)i, 


iJ7-7 


[OADS.v.Ktni 
own,  D.  ('. 
NCK.  tlic  iiioiiili 
V  roust ol'Soulli 

1.  N.  Y.;  ir.  M. 
in  Allmny.  l'o|i. 

n.     Fop.  VMl 

I  in. 

..  Ohio. 

inii  rn.  AIi«o. 

ikiiiicr  c(i.  N,  Y. 

.•k  ;  ft  ni.  S.  Irdiii 

Tiy.  I'"!'-  -•"'''■ 
kiiiu  r,  rnc'iitiiiiii  il 
w.TTf.     Tlic  <iir- 

tract  of  itllnviiil 
.Moliiwvk,  ill  thin 
loiil^li   il  lias  bnn 

it  lias  lost   iiniic 

|)i(l  Ann  river,  in 
,.  Vii.;  72  III.  SW, 
luii'inil. 

ilmiiliiii  oo.  N.  Y. 
:)\v  Hudson.     Vr>\\. 

ilnfldi'liiii   en-  Tn. ; 

,    i'i,|>.  .l,r,.|-'.  ■  li 

'rcslivtriiatis,  1  li>r 
iitlicrans,  iiikI  1  t<'r 
fliit  fly    of  sIfiiK', 
iclcirant,  nnd   I'liili 
lilt  ;2  in.  in  Itnirtii. 
:tlv    (irrmaiis  ami 
i  rnnLTOfrntion  fil 
of  (Jcriiiaiitnwn 
of  Ortnlicr,  177*. 
onnt  Airy  Collriri'. 
ted.     Tlic  rail-rnad 
own  passes  tliroiifrli 

[ydc  CO.   N.  C.  on 
108  in.  from  Ra- 

lokcs  CO.  N.  r.  on 
in.  It  contains  n 
4n  houses. 


inlgoniery  co. 


Oliin, 


Pa.    Pop.  1,272. 
;o.  N.York.    Top. 

1  cap.  Adams  ro. 
the  sources  of  itif 
Uiainsport,  INId.  •''2 
from  Philadelphia, 
court-house,  jnil. 
rem  which  a  news- 

N.Y.   Pop.  2,700. 
\'cn.  on  the  Ohio, 

[J.EY,  mt.  Eliza- 
[ect  high. 
1  Watervhet,  N.  Y. 

I  Pa.     Pop.  300. 


(illkJON,  I.  SusijUfiiuiiiiuii   CO.   I'a.     Pop.i;<  III.  W.  from  SjiikIv    Hill.     .\  wtcitiy  news 
1,(10(1.  pa|K'r  is  inihlislipfl  lure.   (Jlnnrs  I 'ails  present 

(illlSON,  eo.  ill   the  S\V.  part  of  Indiana,  a  IxMiitilnl  inid  |iirtiiresi|iir  scenery.     'I'lie  do. 
P(i|i.  ."),  II 7.     ( 'liii't'towii,  rriiK'i  Ion.  'scent  is  "J.s  ic,  i    in  ;i  rods.     Here   is  ii  lirid(re 

(JIUSO.N,  CO.  ill   till'   \V(  sicrii    p.irt  of  Ten.' iicr'HS  tile  river. 
Po|).  ."i.^lll.     ( 'liic'l''towii,  Tn  iiliiii.  I      (ii.llSI',,  r.  |,;i.  which  runs  into  the  !\Iis- 

(;!ll."^n.VI'(  )|{T,  t.  liiid  I'lip.  (iailMirne  eM.|  sissippi. 
Mis.-:issi|ipi,  on  I'icrre  li.iyoii,  .'I'l  in.  alK)ve  its|      <ilj(  H'CiiS'l'i;!!.  t.  .nid  s-p.  Mssev  eo.  Mass. 
entriiiice   into   thr'    Alissi.ssippi,    I,')    iii.    frnin'oii  ('a|ir  .\!in,  i;t  .N.  i  xtremity  ot°  .M.issichii 
Natehe/,  j.ir.l  fro'M  \V.  jsetts   Jlav  ;   It!  ni.    Nil.  froin   Salem,  .'til   .M". 

(;||J.S(».\  CieKIlK,  runs  into  tlie   N.  side  froMi    Ikwton,   l(;:t  fn.m  W  .     l'o|..  7,.".l;».     Il 


ol°  the    MisKoiiri,  in    Ion.   Mm; 
17  ■  .N. 

(;1I,I:M),I.  OxiJ.rd  co.  Me.; 
iVoiii  Paris.     I'oit.  .'177. 


liil'  W. ;  jyf.  contains  u  hank,  an  insiiranci!  oII'k  e,  and  *J 
jiiililie  lihrarii'.-,  Hie  l;iri.'i'.sl  oi'  wliieli  contains 
■'ID  in.  WNW.  ulmiit  7'l()  voiiniies.  It  is  dividid  into  livi! 
purisJK's,  in  caeli  of  which  is  a  ( '<)iiLjre;,ralionaI 
(illil'.S,  en.  W.  part  of  Va.;  iKinnilcd  XF!.!  inei  tiiii.'.lioii;<4'.  'I'he  harlior  i.s  \ery  optn  and 
hy  (Jreenhrier  and  .Monroe  ens.  SK.  hy  Mont-  aecestiildr  lor  larjfe  ship.s,  rinil  il  i.s  one  of  tln! 
^'oinery  CO.  SW.  hy 'ra/ewell  CO.  and  .NW.  I)y ,  most  eonsidcrahli'  l'isliin<5  towns  in  the  stute. 
Keidiawa  CO.  Pop.  i>^W,  of  wlioin  1711  arei'l'lie  harSor  is  ilctinded  hy  u  li.ittery. 
Bluves.  j      «;i,(»l'(i,S'ri;K,  t.  Priivldence  co.  IJ.  F.  in 

(■Il.ES,  CO.  on  X.  side  of  West  'rcnncssee. j  t lie   .\\\'.  corner  of  the  sl.iti-,  liavint;   .Massa- 
Pop.  It^.iyo.     Chief  town,  PulasUi.  I  chiisetis  on  the  .\.  and  ( 'oniiecticiil  on  the  W 

(ill.FOKD.t.SiratVord  co.N.H.onSVV.sidei  Pop.  'J,.-)-.M. 
of  Lake  Winnipiseo^ree;  ilH  m.  NWIl.  from  i      (;i,<  M '(  KS'i'l'.R,  sm;.ll  viilaije,  (JlouccRter 
Concord,  5.5  NW.  from  Portsinoiith.  'Phis  town  I  co.  .V.  J.  on  the  I'.,  haul;  of  the  ri\er  I )( la  ware, 


P.I 


,1. •)'.). 


was  t'oriiicd  from  the  N.  part  of  (Jilmaiiton.  .'1  m.  Ixdow  Philiidelpliia. 
It  is  connected  with  .Mereilith  hy  a  hrid),'e,  at'  (iF.()L'CKS'i'i;i{,  eo.  N.  .1.  hoiinded  hy  the 
which  there  is  a  coiusiderahli!  village.  I'o]).' .Vtl.intic  <)ee;\n  SII.  Cajie  May,  CiimlMrland, 
1,872.  {and  Sali'iii  eos.  SW.  F>e!aware  r.  NW.  and  hy 

GILL,  t  Franklin  co.  Mass.  on  W.  side  of  I  niirliii;.rton  co.  NI".. ;  leiiglh  10  m.  hrendth  2(1. 


the  Connecticut ;  3  in.  ENK.  from  (Greenfield 
Pop.  864. 

GILLOIiL  island  near  the  coast  of  .Missis- 
sippi, at  the  iiiouUi  of  tlie  Mohile,  near  IJau- 
phin'8  Island. 

GILMANTON,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  IF.;  If) 
m.  NNE.  from  Concord,  50  NW.  from  Ports- 
mouth, 523  from  W.  Pop.  3,N1(!.  It  con- 
tains  a  court-house,  a  iininher  ofrcs[K'elahle 
manufacturing  establisiiinents,  an  academy, 
and  several  houses  of  ])uhlic  worship,     'i'lu^ 


Chief  towns,  W Oodhury,  (ilouctst.  r,  and  Cam- 


den.    P 


^13l. 


(;L()r(i;s'PKI{,  eo.  Va.  hounded  E.  hy 
.Mi>ek  Jack  Flay,  Slv  and  SW.  hy  York  river, 
NW.  hy  King  and  tiiuien,  and  NK.  hy  Mid- 
dlesex and  Matthews;  length  20,  mean  width 
IG  m.  Chief  town,  (iloucester.  IMi).  10,t)08, 
of  whom  "»,(i!)l  are  slaves. 

(iL()rCF;S'IER,C.  IF.  Gloucester  co.  Va. 
'^O  111.  F'l.  from  Ftielimond. 

(JF.orCFXriOFJ  I'Oiri',  or  Point  au  Pins, 


Court  of  (Common  Pleas  for  the  county  is  he!d|  I'.  C.  tlu;  first  point  on  i\\v  north  shore  in  the 


narrows  leading  troiii  Lake  Sui»erior  towards 
the  tiills  of  St.  ;\Fary. 

(iL()i(  i;sti:f{  township,  r.c.  in  the 

county  of  F)iindus;  it  lies  eastward  of  and  ad- 
joiniiiir  the  river  Itiulrau. 
GLOICIXI'KU     FACTORY,     e.Ktahlish- 


altcrnatcly  at  (iilmanton  and  F{ochester,  and 
the  Superior  Court  at  Dover. 

(JILMANTON,  Lower,  v.  in  the  town.=hip 
of  Gilmanton. 

GILSUM,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  II.;  6  m.  N. 
from  Kce.ne.     Poj).  642. 

(JLAS(}OW,  t.  and  cap.  llarrcn  co.  Ken.;!ment  of  tin;  IFiidson's   Hay  Company,  on  a 
fil  ni.  ENE.  from  RusscUville,  14H  SW.  from!  hraneh  of  Alhany  river.     Lat.  .'il '  30'  N. 
Lexington,  C6  from  W.     Pop.  617.     Ft  is  a       (iF.OVER,  t.'Orlcaiis  co.  Vt.  ,'«  ni.  NNE. 
flourishing  town,  situated  in  a  lertiln  country,!  from  AIontiK-lier.     I'op.  !)()2. 
and  contains  tiic  county  buildings  and  a  bank. I      (il.OY  DSBOROL'GFF,  v.  Ilainpshirc  co.  Va. 

(iLAStiOW,    iVew,    t.    Amher.st   co.    Va.  ;|      (iFiVNN,  co.  (Jco.  iH.Minded  hy  the  Atlantic 
about  20  N.  by  E.  from  Lvnchhnrc;.  I  Ocean  on  the  SH.  Camden  co.  or  Lilth'  St.  Ilia 

GLASSBOROUGFLv.  ( iloucester  CO.  N.J.;!  river  SW.  Wayne   co.   NW.  and  Alatnmaha 


20  m.  SE.  from  Philadelphia.  Here  is  a  con- 
siderable >jlas8  manutaetory. 

GLASTENBURY,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt. ; 
11  in.  NE.  from  FJ<^nnington.     I'op.  .W. 

(iLASTENBURY,  t.  IFartlbrd  co.  Ct  on 
E.  side  of  the  (Connecticut,  op|)Obitc  Wethers- 
field;  6  m.  SSE.  from  Hartford.  Pop.  2,i)rt). 
It  is  a  pleasant  town,  and  contains  an  academy. 

GLENNS,  V.  Gloucester  co.  Va. ;  F5(»  in. 
from  W. 

GLENVILLE,  V.  in  tinecnshury,  Washing- 
ton CO.  N.Y.  on  the  Hudson  at  Glenn's  Falls; 


river  N  F]. ;  length  20  in.  widtli  20.  Chief  town, 
Bnni.swick.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,418;  in  1830, 
4,4(i7. 

(^NADENIFUTTEN,  t.  Tuscarawan  co. 
Ohio,  on  the  I),  side  of  the  Muskingum,  Fl  m. 
S.  t'rom  New  i'hiladelphia. 

(JOFF'STOWN,  t.  Hillsborongh  co.  N.  FF. 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  AFi^riinac^k,  at  Ainos- 
keag  tiills,  where  is  a  bridge  across  the  river, 
15  111.  S.  from  Concord,  13  NNE.  from  Am- 
herst.    Pop.  a,2F3. 

(JOLCONHA,  t.  Pope  co.  II.  on  tFie  Ohio. 


278 


(JOFr-r.RA 


GOI,0Snon()r(;iI,  I.  H.mcock  ro.  IMnino, 
40  m.  !•;.  from  Castinc,  l^W  MK.  Crom  rorllaiul. 
Lat.  41^  HI'  N.     Pop.  m). 

(JOIK'IIF.AM),  <n.  Nil.  in  tlir  rrulnil  part 
of  llie  Klati'.     Top.  1(),;M^,  of  whom  5,7(lli  urc 

(JOOSKUKIUi'V  ISLAM),  ami  llin-ka,  oJV 
('u\M'  Ann,  .Muss. 

(;()K1M)NSV1I,M;,  v.  smith  CO.  Tin.  (i  in. 
from  (';irlh!ii,'c,  and  .')(J  NNIO.  I'rom  ."\liirli"t't'8- 
borou!,'li. 

GOIMMlN.SVIM.i:,  V.  Oruv^v.  co.  Vn.  2  m. 
from  whi<:li  is  Sprinyhill  ucatlini}',  a  very  re- 
B|)ectuhlc  institution. 

GOUriAM,  t.  ("iimbtiiand  ro.  Miiinc,  9  ni. 
N\V.  from  Portland.  It  contMins  an  academy 
and  two  churches,  round  wiiich  i»  a  consider- 
able villnjrc.     I'op.  i!,!)t»f. 

GOKIIA.M,  1.  Ontario  ro.  N.  Y.  8  m.  R 
froml^anondaifiun,  10  W.  I'rom  (Icncva.  It  con- 
tains 9  cliurchcH,  1  tor  l'l|)i.scoj)alianH,  and  1  tor 
Presbyterians,     Pop.  i.*,!)??. 

GOSFIi:!,!),  t.  Kssix  CO.  U.  ('.  on  Lake 
Erie,  W.  from  Mersea. 

GOSHEN,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  31  ni.  S\V, 
from  iVIont[K'licr.     Pop.  Cuto. 

GOSHION,  t.  Ilamiishirc  co.  Mass.  12  m. 
NW.  from  Northampton,  112  W.  from  Hoston. 
Pop.  fiOf). 

GOSHEN,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  on  the  Green 
Mountain  ranjje,  G  m.  NW.  from  Litchtield, 
32  W.  from  Hartlbrd.  Pop.  1,732.  It  is  famous 
for  its  cheese. 

GOSHEN,  t.  and  half-shire.  Orange  co.  N.Y. 
20  m.  W.  from  Westiwint,  li.'}  N.  from  New 
York.  Pop.  3,301.  Tiie  villafre  is  pleasantly 
situated,  and  contains  the  court-house,  juil, 
bank,  academy,  and  2  or  3  print inp-oiiices. 

GOSHEN,  V.  Gape  May  co.  N.  J.  104  in.  S. 
from  Trenton. 

GOSHEN,  West,  t.  of  Chester  co.  Fa.  alwnt 
a  m,  E.  from  Downingtown,  on  the  creek  of 
Brandywine  and  head  of  (^hestcr  creek.  Pop. 
1,600,  including  the  Iwrough  of  West  Chester. 
Chief  town.  West  Chester. 

GOSHEN,  V.  Ijoudon  co.  Va.  on  tlic  road 
from  Washington  to  Winchester,  35  n).  from 
Washington. 

GOSHEN,  V.  Lincoln  co.  Geo.  about  40  m. 
above  Augusta. 

GOSHEN,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  18  m.  NW. 
from  Williamsburg. 

GOSHEN,  t.  of  St,  Clair  co.  Illinois. 

GOSHEN  MILLS,  v.  on  Seneca  creek, 
Montgomery  co.  Md.  by  postroad  32  m.  NW. 
from  W. 

GOSPORT,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Va.  on  Elizabeth 
river,  IJ  m.  S.  from  Norfolk.  Here  is  one  of 
the  United  States'  navy  yards. 

GOUVERNEUR,  t.  St.  Lawrehce  co.  N.  Y. 
20  m.  S.  from  Ogdensburg,  l!l2  NW.  from  Al- 
bany.     Pop.  I,.5.')2. 

GOVERNADOR,  r.  Florida,  runs  into  Pen- 
sacola  Bay. 

GOVERNOR'S  ISLAND,  isl.  in  Boston 
harbor,  Mass.  2  m.  E.  from  Boston.  It  contains 
about  70  acres,  and  has  a  plea.sant  and  com- 
manding situation.     Fort  Warren,  which  has 


2  crescent  hatterics,  with  heavy  gunn,  ii  on 
(hin  i!tlaiiil. 

( ;K AFTt  )N,  t.  CJrafton  co.  N.  H.  30 m.  NW. 
from  < 'uncord.     Pop.  1,207. 

(;RAIT().\,  t.  Windham  co.  V(.  22  m.  S. 
(roin  Windsor.     I'op.  1,43!). 

(ilfAFTON,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  8  m. 
SK.  from  Worivster.      Poji.  l,hK). 

(ikAFTON,  CO.  W.  part  of  N.  H.  Iwundrd 
M;.  by  ('(kis  CO.  !•;.  by  Strafford  co.  S.  by  Hills. 
l)orou;rh  and  Clnsliire  cos.  and  W.  by  Vermont. 
Pop.  in  ]f '.>{),  :<:.V»K) ;  in  IKIO,  :iS,G!il.  Chief 
towns,  Havrrhill  and  Plymouth. 

(JIJAFTON,  I.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  11  ni. 
E.  from, Troy.     Pop.  I,(is|. 

G|{.\IN(;KR,  CO.  Ten.  Intween  Clinch  and 
Ilolston  rivers;  lx)mided  by  Jctferson  SM. 
Kno.v  SW.  Clailjornc  NW.  and  Hawkin.'i 
NK.;  length  30  m.  mean  width  12;  area  lii'M 
sq.  ms.  Surface  hilly,  and  soil  sterile,  except 
along  the  margin  of  the  streams.  Chief  town, 
Rutledgc.     Lat.  3(P  1.V  N.;  Ion.  from  W.  G- 

40'  \y 

(JKANADA,  i.sland  in  the  West  Indies,  the 
principal  of  the  (Grenadines;  situated  in  Ion. 
from  W.  Ti^  40'  E.  and  between  11°  .I.V  and 
12^  23'  N.  lat.  It  is  the  last  of  the  Windward 
Caribl)ees,  and  30  leagues  NW.  of  Tobago. 
The  chief  |)ort,  called  Lewis,  is  on  the  W.  side, 
in  the  middle  of  a  largo  hay,  with  a  sandy 
bottom,  and  is  very  spacious. 

(iRANAD.A,  f.  of  \.  America,  in  the  prov- 
incc  of  Nicaragua,  sealed  on  the  I,ake  Nicara- 
gua. The  inhabitants  carry  on  a  great  trade 
by  means  of  the  lake,  which  communieatcR 
with  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  is  .W  m.  SK.  of 
Leon.    Lon.  from  W.  8=  4fi'  W.;  lat.  12^  5'  N. 

GRANBY,  t.  Es.s(;x  co.  Vt.  GO  m.  NE.  from 
Montpelier.     Pop.  !)7. 

(J  RAN  BY,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  9  m. 
ESIC.  from  Northampton,  90  W.  from  Boston. 
In  this  town  and  South  Hadley  there  are  ex- 
tensive open  plains  and  fields,  on  which  arc 
annually  raised  for  market  largo  quantities  of 
rye.     Pop.  1,0G4. 

(iRANBY,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  17  m.  NW. 
from  Hartford.     Pop,  2,730. 

CiRANBY,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.    Pop,  1,42.3. 

GRANBY,  t,  Lexington  district,  S,  C,  on 
the  C^ongaree,  opposite  C-olumbia, 

GRANP  ISLE,  isl.  N.  Y.  in  the  Niagara, 
4  m,  above  the  falls.  It  contains  48,000  acres. 
It  belongs  to  the  town  of  Buffalo, 

GRAND  ISLE,  co.  NW.  part  of  Vt.  It  is 
comjiosed  of  islands  in  Lake  Chainplain ;  the 
largest  are  North  and  South  Hero.  Pop. 
.3,690. 

GRAND  LAKE,  or  Chilnucook  Lake,  on 
E.  side  of  Maine,  at  the  sources  of  the  St. 
Croix. 

GRAND  PRE,  Seigniory,  St.  Maurice  eo. 
L.  C,  on  Lake  St,  Peter,  18  m.  W.  from  Three 
rivers. 

GRAND  RIVER,  of  Ohio,  rises  in  Trum- 
bull eo.  and  flowing  a))out  10  m.  nearly  N. 
enters  Ashtabula  eo.  and  continuing  N.  about 
20  in.  turns  nearly  at  right  angles  and  enters 
Geauga  co,  in  which  it  falls  into  Lake  Erie  at 


I 


(iRA— (IRK 


279 


1  CO.  VI.  22  in.  S. 


iiKli  12;  ima 


11 1:1  .»■«  11".  •  ■■-.  "• 
I'W.;  lat.  12^r)'N. 


lilnucook  I^ake,  on 
sources  of  the  St. 


Fairporl,  aftpr  nn  entire  coinj»arufi\c  course  of 
50  ni.    St'c  I'lnnnrtUe  uiul  Fuiijmrl. 

GK.WI)  inVi;i{,or  Nipiiroii  River,  U.(.'. 
falls  into  I.ukc  Sii|xri(>r  from  llie  N.  a  little  K. 
op[K>site  Keweena  |Kiirit. 

r.R.WT,  CO.  Ken.  iM.iinilcl  !)>•  Ow.ii  S.  (;,il. 
latin  W.  U(K)rie  N.  iiiid  rnulliion  I'].;  linirt'i 
20  m.  mean  width  l.'l.  l'o|).  in  l-^Jil,  l,h05; 
in  Kl30,  2,!)S7.  Chief  town,  Wilhunistown. 

GRANVirjJ-:,!.  ll,un|)<i.n  eo.  .Mass.  1 1  ni. 
WSW.  from  Sprin^jfield.     l'o|i.  l.ti.W. 

GRANVII,I,F-:,  f.  WaHhinijton  eo,  S.  Y.  M 
in.  SE.  from  Whit,  hail,   (JO   Ni;.  from   AI- 
bany.    It  contains  3  viliaf.'-es,  an  aeademy,  and 
5  cJiurcheH.     It  is  watered  hy  i'awlet  and  In. ' 
dian  river.i, on  wliicli  are  ni.inv  mills.    In  lliiHJ 
town  is  a  qnarrv  of  poo<l  niarhlt'.     Pop.  .'<,f<p2. : 

GRANVir,i;i:,  eo.  \.  C.  Ix.im.led  N.  hy 
Va.  K.  hy  Warren  and  IVanklin  v(>».  S.  hy 
Wake,  and  W.  hy  Oranire  and  Person;  length 
30  ni.  moan  width  23.  Chief  to«n  O.xliird.  Top. 
in  1820,  lfi,21(;;  in  IKK),  l!t,31.3. 

GRANVILLE,  v.  Monongahela  co.  Va..329 
ra.  NW.  from  W. 

GRANVILLE,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio,  27  ni. 
lYE.  from  Columbus,  32  W.  from  Zancsville. 
It  .'las  a  hank. 

GRASS,  r.  N.  Y.  nms  into  tlie  St.  Law- 


(iRI'iEN,  I.  Franklin  eo.  Penn.on  both  Bides 
of  the  road  from  Shippcnshurg  to  ChambcrH- 
burfir.     p„|,.  2,-m. 

(tREEN,  eo.  of  Ohio,  !)ounde<l  by  Clinton 
an<l  Warrtn  S.  .Monltrotnery  W.  Clark  N. 
.M.idison  Nil.  nnil  Fayette  I',.;  letujtli  21  m. 
hreaclth  l^.  Chief  town  Xenia.  Pop.  in  182(», 
1(),,W!I;  in  If" .'Id,  l,".,tlH.|. 

(iREEN,  t.  Clinton  eo,  Ohio. 

(iREEN,  t.  I'avitte  eo.  Ohio. 

(iREEX,  t.  of  Gallia  eo.  Ohio. 

(JREEN,  t.  in  Harrison  eo.  Ohio, 

(iREEN,  t.  of  Rieidand  eo,  Oliio. 

(iREEN,  t.  of  Ross  eo,  Ohio,  on  the  E,  side 
ot'  Scioto  river. 

(iREEN,  1,  of  Scioto  co,  Ohio,  on  Ohio 
river. 

(JREEX,  V.  and  t.  Stark  eo.  Ohio. 

(JREE.NE,  CO.  N.  Y.  Iwunded  E.  by  Hud- 
son  ri\er,  S.  hy  (lister,  W.  i)y  Delaware,  NW. 
by  Schoharie,  and  N.  by  Albany ;  length  32 
m.  mean  width  30.     Chief  town  Catskill. 

(iREENE,  t.  Kennebec  eo.  Maine,  24  m. 
SW.  from  Anjjnsta.    Pop.  1,:)2L 

(;REEN  hay,  or  Bay  I'uan,  a  larpo  boy 
on  the  VV.  side  of  Lake  Miehi[r;in.  It  exf(  nds 
from  the  N.  end  of  the  lake  DO  miles,  in  a  SVV. 
direction,  and  is  15  or  20  miles  wide.     Across 


rence,  op|)osite  St.  Rejris  island,  aller  a  course  its  entrance  is  a  chain  of  islands,  called  the 


of  125  m.  In  Canton  it  is  connected  by  a 
natural  ciinid  with  the  Osweijatehie. 

(;R.\TI.St.  Preble  en,  Ohio. 

GRATIS^roWN,  t,  Dauphin  co.  Pa. 

GRAVESICND,  t.  Kings  co.  Lonir-Island, 
N.  Y.  on  tiie  sea-coast,  4  m.  S.  from  Flatbush, 


Grand  Traverse,  which  shelters  the  bay  from 
the  winds  that  oilen  blow  with  violence  across 
the  lake.  Several  of  the  channels  between 
them  arc  of  sutlieient  depth  to  admit  vessels 
of  200  Ions  burthen,  which  traverse  tin;  bay 
and  ascend  Fox  river  several   miles.     Green 


9i  S.  from  New- York,  (iravescnd  Ix-ach  is  a  ibay  al)ounds  with  fisli,  particularly  sturgeoiis 
frequent. resort  for  parties  of  i)lcasure  from  the, and  white  tish.  It  has  several  small  bays,  tlxs 
city.     Pop.  5()5.  |princi|)iil  of  which  is  Sturgeon's  bay.     The 

GRAY,  t.Cimiberland  co.  Mc.20  ni,  N.  from  !  principal  rivers  which  it  receives,  are  Fox  and 
Portland.     Pop.  1,57.5.  lAIenominy. 

GRAYSON,  CO.  Va.  bounded  SW.  by  N.C. I  (iREENBRIER,  co.  of  Va.  bounded  by 
NW.  by   Washington    and    Wythe,    NE.  by  Nicholas,  E.  Monroe  SE.  Kc.ihawa  river,  or 


Montgomery,  and  SE.  by  Patrick ;  length  70 
m.  mean  width  13. 


(Jiles  SW.  Kcnhawa  NW.  ;■    ;    Randolph  NE. 
length  50  m.  mean  width    .5     Chief  town, 


GRAYSON,  CO.  Ken.  between  (ireen  river  I  Lewisburg.     Pop.  in   1820,  7,.  lO;    in  1830, 


and  Rough  creek,  Iwunded  S.  by  Warren,  SW. 
by  Butler,  W.  by  Ohioeo.  N.  by  Brcckenridge, 
NE.  by  Hardin,  and  E.  by  Hart;  length  3(1 
m.  mean  w  idtli  ICA. 

GREAT  BAY,N.  H.  the  W.  branch  of  the 
Piscataqua  ;  receives  Jlxeter  and  Lamprey 
rivers,  and  unites  with  the  main  branch  of  the 
Piscataqua  at  Hilton's  jwint,  5  111.  above  Ports, 
mouth. 

GREAT  BARRINGTON,  t.  Berkshire  co. 
Mass.  about  23  m,  W,  of  Springfield,  on  the 
river  Connecticut.    Pop,  2,276. 

GREAT  BEND,  f.  Susquehannah  co. 

GREAT  VALLEY,  t.  Cataraugus  co.  N.  Y. 
Pop.  647. 

GREAT  WORKS,  r.  Penobscot  co.  Me. 
flows  into  the  E.  side  of  the  Penobscot,  2  ni. 
below  the  great  falls. 


!*,015, 

GREENSBOROUGH,  t,  Orleans  co.  Vt,  27 
m.  NN  E,  from  Montiielier,    Pop,  784. 

GREENSBOROUGH,  t.  Caroline  co.  Md. 
on  the  W.  side  Choptank  creek,  7  m,  N.  from 
Danlon,  22  SE.  from  Chester. 

GREENSBURt;,  t,  and  bor.  Westmoreland 
CO,  Pa.  on  a  branch  of  Sewicky  creek,  one  of 
the  sources  of  the  Youghiogeny,  30  m.  SE, 
by  E.  Pittsburg  75  from  Bedford,  Poi),87I,  It 
contains  a  court-house,  jail,  bank,  academy, 
and  a  German  Calvinist  church, 

GREENSBURG,  t.  Beaver  co.  Pa.  10  m. 
N.  from  Bcavertown.  Pop.  1,291,  Hero  is  an 
academy, 

GREENSBLUG,  v,  West-Chester  co,N.  Y. 
■20  m.  N.  from  ti.e  city  of  N.  Y. 

(JREENSBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Greene  co.  Ken. 


GREECE,  V.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  W.  from  on  Green  river,  6!)  m.  W.  from  Lexington,  95 


Genesee  river,  and  7  m.  NNW.  from  Rochester. 

GREEGVILLE,  v,  Loudon  co.  Va.  25  m. 
W,  from  W, 

GREEN,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio, 

GREEN,  t.  Clark  co.  Ohio. 


E.  from  Russellville,  79  from  Frankfort,  and 
493  from  W.  It  contains  a  court-house,  jail, 
and  bank.    Pop.  665. 

GREEN  BUSH,  v,  Windsor  co.  Ver.  68  m 
S.  from  Montpelier. 


•J  so 


(uu:  (Ji{(> 


^tmd''' 


mM:M 


<;i{i;i;.\  lil  SII,n|.[^.Mlrl|if.ily..t'\ll.:in>,| 
mill  ill  l(iii-s(  hit  r  <ii.  N.  V.    I'op.  M.'ilti. 

(.|{1:I:N  <\STI.I:,  v.  IVnnklin  ni,  r.n.i. 
II  III.  S.  lit' ('liMinlHi'sliiirir,  mill  tlir  hiiiih- ili-'. 
taiHT  N.  i.r  lli.trrrvtiiwii,  Mil.     I'ii|i.  I.KKI. 


(;Ki;i:\VII,l,IM.;.i.,lca|i.J,(r.r»K)n.  .MiM. 
'Jl  in.  .N  i;.  tridii  Niilcjic/, 

<i|{i;i:\\  II,M:.  I.  itml  mi..  D^rk  co.  0|,i„, 
"il  III.  N.  I'niiii  ( 'iiii-iiiiiiili,  f'i'i  W .  trmii  Coiiiin. 
l.iiH.  1,1)11.  .xl    :i-.»'  \V. ;  lat.   HP  J'  .\.    In  Aui;. 


(    llllllllllllS, 

<;ki:i;.\  cASTr.K,  v, 

in.  W  .  I'l Iiiili  tiKipiili.-*. 

<;im;i:.\  I'oin'I',  <a|K 

roll  liav.  I.iiii.  ^7     I    W . 


<i|{lli;.\'  ('  AS'l'l,!-;,  V.  I'iiirlii  III  (i».  ( (hio,  10  I  ITK.'i,  ii  fiiiioiiM  Irmly  wn.s  In  Id  lure  liy  (rciicr.il 
in.  NW.  tVitiii  .\i  w  l.anciiNliT.  iiiid  II  S|I.  I'rom   Wayiir,  uii  tlic  )mrl  ot"  tlii!  I'.  S.  with  the  In. 

1  (linns. 
I'litimin  CO.  In. 'Jfi]     (.KKKNVir.I.K,  ro.  ('.  (Mioiimlcd  on  thr 
I  \),  liy  till'  CO.  (if  Diindiis,  on  thr  S.  Iiv  tiic  river 
Floridii,  in  I'cnsa- 1 St.   I.iiwrciin',  iiiid  on  tin-  \V.  hy   Kliz;il>ci||. 
Int.  .'tU    ;U'  \.  I'l'own.   (;ri(ii\illc  coinpnlii'iids  Jill  the  imlaiids 

(iUl'.D.N  KIV'I'.U,  Kill,  risen  in  Linroln  (o,  iHiir  to  it  in  the  rivir  St.  F.iiwrrncn.  ft  n  uiIh 
mill  lliiwin;:  \\'.  jdiiix  thr  Ohio,  ','(•()  ni.  IhIow  one  riprisciilativr  to  tin-  iirovinriiil  parliainciii. 
I.oiii'.villf,  .'('I  ahiivc  thf  nioiilli  of  I  he  Ciiiiilirr-  (i|{  I'lil.NN'l  1.1.1!  ('I{I';I''.K,  frilmlarv  of  llir 
latiil.  It  is  'JOO  yiirijs  wiilr  at  its  mouth,  and  S\V.  hrancii  ot"  Miami  river,  nmniii(r  V..  past 
is  iia\  iifihh'  liir  hoal.s  iii.criy  '.''HI  in.  iiiil  liirf  (Jrceiiville.    Oiw  mile  alwive  its  moiitji 

(ilJI'lll.M'r,  M;.  CO.  Ken.  hoimded  N.  by  ami  17  Ik  low  (Ireeiuille,  it  has  n  iM'r|)cii(licu. 
Ohio,  i;.  hy  liiir  Sandy  river,  S.  hy  l.awreliee.   I;ir  liill  of  l.'i  liet. 

W.  hy  rie'minn-,  and  N\V.  hy  Lewis;  leiiirlli  (Jjj  llll.WV  i( 'jl,  t.  Ilampshirr  ro.  .Mass.  Q() 
43  ni.  mean  width  II.  Pop.  r>,b,y,i.  Chief  in.  II.  I'r«im  Nurliiampton,  7")  W,  from  llostnn. 
town,  ( Jreeiin|)shiir2'.  I'liji.  ^IH. 

<;Ui;i:.\rrsiM  l{(i,  v.and  nent  of  jnsfico,  (i|{  KKNWICIf.  t.  Knirfiejd  co.  Ct.  on  I/)ne 
(I'rermip  eo.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio  river,  ahovc  the;  Island  .'^oiiiiil,  in  SW.  r'orner  of  the  sfute,  j  | 
month  of  l.iltie  Sandy  liver,  and  I:.*.")  in.  Nil.   m.  W'.SW.  from  .\orwalk,l.'(  \VS\V.  from  Ntw 


hv  11.  from  I.exin^Mon.     I,ut.  'M^  37'  N. ;  Ion. 
from  \V.  .'J  '  Is'  \V. 

<;in;i:.\VIM,i:,  t.  <;reenn  ro.   N.  Y.  on 


Haven.      I.at.  IP  I'  N.      I'op.  ■V".'). 

(;Ki;i;\\VI('ll,t.  Washinirton  co.  N.  Y.  « 
111.  \V.  from  Salem,  .'17  i\.  from  Allmny.  I'op. 
Calskill  enek,  II  m.  NW,  frf)in  .Athens,  i2,>  S.  ;.'),^.")(l.  It  eontaiiis  *J  houses  of  piihiic  worship, 
(iom  Alhany.     Here  is  an  ;ie;ideiny.  II  lorConjrreLrationalisls,  and  I  liir  llaptisfs  ;  an 

0|{  l';i').\VI  I,M;,  t.  S( rset  eo.  Pa,  latiiduiiiy,  a  distillery,  and  extensive  cotton  and 

(iUllMW'll.l.i;,  eo.   \a.  homided  hv  N.  ('.  woollen  mamilaetorii  s. 
S.    Ilrimswiel,,    \V.    Dinwiddie    WV.  Sussex  |     ( JU  Ki:\\\  K'H,  I.  CumlH'rlaud  co.  N.  J.  10 
NI'].  and  Seiiihamptoii   M. ;  leii}jlh  '.'".',  width  m.  SW.  from  niid-fiton.     Top.  !)t)ll. 
Mm.  Chieftown,  Hieksiord.  I'op.  lb:.MI,  (it<.lH;       (JKI'ir'-WVICII,  t.  .Sussex  co.  N.J.  on  the 
la'M),  7,1 17.  Delaware,  ."i  m.  NK.  from  Kaslon.    Pop.  !»,710. 

CRKK.WIM,!';,  V.  AuL--ust,a  to.  Vii.  10  m.|  (IKKIINU  Kll,  t.  (Jlomester  co.  x\.  J.  on 
SSW.  ti-om  Stiiimtoii,  and  l.'Ki  m.  N\V.  hy  W. !  K.  side  ol'  tiie  Dela'vare,  (i  m.  S.  from  Pliila- 
from  Iv'ielimoiid.  jiklpliia.      Pop.  ;{,IM)(). 

(;|{i;i':\VII,l,l';,  l.and  eap.  Pitt  CO.  N.(M  (ilM'lKNU  l(  ll,t.  Iterksco.  Pa.  Pop.  1,104. 
on  the  S.  bank  of'l'ar  river,  110  m.  from  ( >ere-  j  (iU  V.V.SW  H\\,  llast,  t.  and  cap.  Kent  co. 
cock  inlet,  iJ7l)  from  Waslunj,'fou.  It  contuin8|H.  I.  on  N\V.  |)nrt  of  Narragnnsct  Hav,  Ifl  ni. 
a  court-house,  jail,  and  aeiulem}'.  IS.  from   Providence,  '2i  NM\V.  from  Ne\v|)ort. 

(JiJKIl.NVli, 1,1!,  district,  in  the  N\V.  part '  Poj).  I,r)l)l.     It  emitains  a  court-house,  a  jail, 


of  s.  c.  p,ip.  i(;,i7(; 

(ilJI'IKW  IM/i;,  Land  cap.  (Irei-nville  co. 


S.  I',  on  Reedy  river,  110  m.  N.  from  Augusta,  i  pkiec  of  some  trade. 


an  academy,  and  '2  houses  of  puhlie  worsliij),  1 
l()r  Presbyterians,  and  1  for  Friends,  and  is  a 


•  Jeo.  110  from  ('olumlmi.  The  iiir  is  cih^I 
and  healthful,  and  many  [mtsoiis  from  the  low 
country  of  ('aroliua  and  (ieorifia  reside  here 
in  summer. 

(iRKHWILI.K,  t.  l»ariin-rtnn  co.  S.  C.  on 
the  \V.  side  of  (Jre.it  I'edee  river,  'ui  KNI'l. 
from  Camden,  !M)  W,.  from  Columhiis. 

(iHKKNVII.M:,  t.  and  cap.  (Jreen  co.Ten. 
on  the  head  waters  of  I'Veneh  IJroad  river,  M 
111.  \V.  from  .loneshoro',  HI  K.  from  Kno.wille, 
•J7.'{  from  Nnshvilie,  If)!  from  W.  'I'lie  villajje 
eontnins  a  court-house,  jail,  printiiifr-olViee, 
Presbyterian  meeliiifj-hoiise,  and  about  lot) 
dwelliiijT.hoiises.  A  fi'W  miles  .S.  of  the  vi!laL,re 
is  (Jreeiiville  collei^re,  a  llomishinjj  institution, 
incnr|M)ratod  in  17!)4.  It  has  n  library  of  about 
'1000  volumes.  Connne  ncemcnt  is  on  the  third 
Wednesday  t)f  Sept. 

(iREENVILM'',,  t.  mid  cap.  IMiihlenburfr 
CO.  Ken.  ;15  m.  ^'l\W.  from  Hussehviile,  IHO 
from  I.exinjrton,  177  from  Frankfort,  and  "l.'i 
from  W.    Pop.  iilt). 


(iHMFNWICH,  West,  t.  Kent  co.  R.  I.  on 
W.  side  of  East  (Jrei  invieh,  i!0  ni.  SW.  from 
Providence.     Poji.  1,^17. 

( ;  l{  I'lEN W(  )<  )l),  t.  0.\ford  CO.  Mc.  Pop.  (;n4. 

(;  RE  EN  WOO  I),  t.  Mifflin  co.  Pa.  W.  of  the 
Siisipiehaiinali.     Pop.  I,0!)7. 

(;REE.\W0(H),  t.  Cumkrland  co.  Pa.  on 
W.  side  of  the  Sustpiehannah.     Pop.  1,300 

< ;  R  E(  JSTt  )W N,  V.  Somerset  co.  N.  J.  on  the 
.Millstone,  ti  111.  NE.  from  Princeton. 

(;RIERSUi;R(;,.t.  Ueavcr  co.  Pa.  Here  is 
an  ae:\deinv. 

(JRIM.SIIOYS,  t.  Fauquier  co.  Va. 

(JUINDS'PONE  FORI),  v.  Claiborne  co. 
Mis.  I,i>iam.  from  W. 

(iROS  ISLE,  island  of  the  territory  of  Mi- 
cliinan,  in  Detroit  river,  near  its  discliarjfe 
into  Lake  Erie. 

tJROTON,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  10  m.  S.  by 
W.  from  Danville,  20  E.  from  Montpelier 
Pop.  h:u\. 

<;R0T0N,  t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y, 


Cl.U— IIAC 


281 


frrttoii,  .Miwi. 

irk  «•().  ( Miio, 
troll)  ('oluin- 
N.  Ill  Aui;. 
re  Ity  irnicr.il 
will)  tilt    In- 

iiiidcd  on  tlir 
\  liy  1 1 10  rivrr 
liy  Kli/iilictli- 
nil  the  islamt-i 
ll((".  It  nulls 
III  piirlliimint. 
iliiilary  "1'  tlir 
iniiini;  I*'.  i>;ist 
Imivc  its  nioiitli 
a  jM-riiciKlicu. 

rr  CO.  Mass.  2H 
'.  from  IJoston. 

pn.  Ct.  on  Lone 
){•  tlir  utiitr,  1 1 
S\V.  t'roiii  Ni  w 

.V(ir>. 

toil  ro.  N.  Y.  w 
Allmny.  I'i>i'. 
piililic  worsliip, 
lor  Hajitists;  ;m 
isivc  cotton  and 

mid  CO.  N.J.  10 
I.  !i()(l. 

(1.  N.  .1.  on  the 
tun.  Pop.  'J,TUI. 
Iir  CO.  N.  J.  on 
.  S.  from  riiila- 

Pa.  Po]..  1,104. 

|i(l  cap.  Kent  CO. 
iiisd  Uny,  H'  m- 
1.  t'loin  Ncwpirt. 
jirl-lionsr,  a  jail, 
|iiiMic  worship,  1 
friends,  and  is  a 

tent  CO.  R.  I.  on 
Id  ni.  SW.  from 

[o.  .Mc.  Pop.  (■)n4. 
to.  Pa.W.ofthi^ 

Irland  co.  Pa.  on 

I'op.  i,3oa 
It  CO.  N.J.  on  the 

liccton. 

bo.  Pa.     Here  is 

I  CO.  Va. 
V.  Claiborne  co. 

territory  of  Mi- 
Ir   its  discharge 

Vt.  lOm.S-by 
[am   Montpelier 

N.  Y. 


({ROTON.  t.  <;ra»loii  co.  N.  H.  i)  ni.  W. 
from  Plymouth.  Pop.  G^ii.  Hen;  ii  an  iron 
furniice  for  ('aHlinij  hollow  ware. 

(;R()T«)N,  t.  aiiddlrm  X  CO.  Mass.  10  ni.  S. 
from  Amhernt,  31  NNV.  iroin  IJoston.  Pop. 
14''i>'>.  'ITiis  iH  u  very  pleasant  town,  has  an 
academy,  and  is  a  place  of  considerable  busi. 
mus. 

(JROTON,  t.  New  London  co.('ton  E.  side 
of  the  Thames,  opposite  New  London.  Pop. 
4,750.  Fort  (iriswold,  which  delinds  the  har- 
bor of  New  I/)n(lon,  is  in  this  town. 

fiROVEMILL,  V.  Wurrcn  co.  N.  C.  75  m. 
NNF,.  from  Uali jkIi. 

GR()VI:L.\NI),  v.  r.ivintrston  co.  N.  Y.  on 
l^encsw  river,  .'10  in.  !^\V.  tVomCanandaipua. 
Pop.  I, .100. 

Gl'ADALOUPE,  on  of  the  Leeward  Carib- 
bee  Islands,  in  the  West  Indies,  lietwcen  An- 
tigua and  Dominica,  in  Ion.  (t'2 '  W.  and  lat. 
Ifi'  'id'  \.  The  island,  which  is  of  an  irrrtf. 
ular  figure,  may  be  about  811  leapiies  in  cir- 
cuintbrencc.  It  is  divided  into  two  parts  by  a 
small  arm  of  the  sea,  which  is  not  above  two 
knijues,  and  from  lit  to  Id  fathoms  broad. 
This  canal,  known  by  the  name  of  the  Salt 
River,  is  navigable,  but  will  only  carry  vessels 
of  50  tons  burden.  The  soil  is  (.xceedinj^ly 
good,  and  well  watered  near  the  sea,  by  rivuhts 
which  fall  from  tlic  mountains,  'i'lie  FrtMich 
-I'lticd  in  this  island  in  IG.1^,  in  whose-  [wsses- 
xiiii  it  still  remains.  Bassaterre  is  the  ea|>ital. 
GUADALOUPK,  r.  of  the  republic  of  Me.x- 
ICO,  in  Texas,  falls  into  tiic  (iiilf  of  Mexico, 
aftrr  a  course  of  about  ;20l)  m.  Its  mouth  is 
180  m.  W.  from  that  of  the  .*<al)inc. 

GUANAXUATO,  state  of  the  republic  of 
.Mexico,  bounded  by  Jalisco  \V.  by  Xacatcxas 
and  .Sm  Luis  Potosi,  N.  by  Qucretaro  E.  and 
by  Mechoacan  S. ;  length  and  breadth  nearly 
wjual,  each  about  80  m. ;  area  6,2.55  sq.  ins. ; 
lyin§  between  20=  30'  and  21=  10'  N.  Tliis 
stale  is  situated  entirely  on  tiie  tableland,  and 
IS  the  most  populous  region  of  the  republic. 
Tlie  whole  state  is  supposed  to  lie  alxive  .'5,000 
teel  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  mine  of 
Valenciana,  near  the  city  of  Guanaxuato,  is 
the  most  productive  ever  yet  discovered.  The 
products  of  the  state  are  considerable  in  objects 
of  affricultuniJ  and  manufucturinir  industry. 

GUANAXUATO,  capital  of  the  preccdinjEr 
«Ute,  stands  170  m.  NW.  from  the  citv  of 
.Mexico.  Lon.  from  VV.  23^  50'  W. ;  lat.  2i°  N. 
Pop.  about  90,000. 

GUANIIANI,  or  Cat  hland,  one  of  the  Ba, 
hama  Islands,  the  first  land  of  America  discov- 
ered by  Columbus,  in  1492,  and  named  by  him 
St  Salvador.     Lat.  24=  20'  N. 

GUATEMALA,  or  dkntral  America.  See 
m^  161. 

GUATEMALA,  city,  the  capital  of  the 
above  republic,  stands  on  a  little  stream  culled 
the  Yacas,  flowing  into  the  Pacific.  It  is  in 
l»t  14=  40'  N.  and  lon.  91^  25'  W.  It  is  hand- 
•oreely  bailt,  with  regular  street*  and  many 
•Jsgwit  public  buildings.  It  ^vaB  greatly  dam- 
H»d  ia  1830  by  an  earthquake.  Prcvioiw  to 
♦hat  event  it  contained  40,000  mhabitants. 
2L 


GriLDKRLANU,  I.  Albany  co.  N.  Y. 
WNW.  from  Albany.     Pop.  3,74^. 

lil'ILDIIALL,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  E«wx 
CO.  Vt.  on  Conneetieut  rivrr,  opiswite  Lanca*- 
trr.  Poji.  isl.  It  in  78  m.  from  Mont|)elier, 
and  5<vl  from  W. 

(Jl'lLFORI),  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.  M5  m. 
NE.  from  Portlanfl.     Pop.  tw.j. 

(JI'ILFOKI),  t.  Stratford  eo.  N.  H,  on  Win- 
nijiiwogee  river,  3H  m.  N.  from  t'oncord. 
Pop.  1,H72. 

I     (iriLFOKI),  t.  Wiiidliam  eo.  Vt.  50  m.  8. 
jfrom  WindHor.     Pop,  l,7t!0. 

(a  ILFWRI),  I.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  18  m. 
'  E.  by  S.  from   New  Ilavtn,  on   Long  Island 
.S.iiiid.     Pop.  2,:i4l. 

(JL'ILFORD,  v.  Istween  Fnadilln,  and  Che- 
iianirn  rivers,  ('liennngn  co.  N.  V.  10  in.  .SSE. 
jfrotii  .Norwich. 

(aiLIOIM),  CO.  N.  ('.  bounded  by  K»an. 

(lolph  .*>.  Rowan  and  Stokes  W.  Rockmghani 

N.  and  Orange  E.     L<ni!;th  26  in.  width  85. 

idiii'f  town,  .Vfarlinsville.     Pop.  liH,73.'>. 

!     (;riLF()RI),C.II.(iuilford  co.  N.C.48m. 

NVV.  t'rom  Hillslxiroiigh ;  the  scene  of  a  hard 

|foiipht  battle  iKtween   tlic   Americans  under 

j(«en.(ireene,  and  the  British  under  Lord  Com- 

wallis,  .March  i.'ith,  ITHl. 

(aHLFORj)  VILLAtiK,  v.  Strafford  co. 
N.  H.  .'11  111.  a  little  E.  of  N.  from  Concord. 

ClIfiL  ISL.\NI),  small  isl.  near  the  coast 
of  N.  C.  in  Pamlico  Sound. 

(JCLL  ISLES,  (.'nut  and  Little,  two  small 
islands  on  the  coa^t  of  Connecticut,  8  in.  S. 
from  New  London. 
V,\m  SPRINGS,  V.  Orange  co.  Va. 
t;  UN  POWDER,  V.  Baltimore  co.  Md.  50 
m.  from  W. 

(aJNPOWDER.NECK,  peninsula,  Hart. 
lord  CO.  Md.  formed  by  Gunpowder  and  Bush 
rivers. 

(a  NPOWDER  RIVER,  r.  Md.  runs  into 
the  Chesa|HMke,  11  m.  N.  of  the  Patapsco. 

GUVAN1K)T,  or  (iuyandottt,  t  Cabell  co. 
Va.  423  m.  from  W. 

GUVANDOT,  Uip,  r.  Va.  which  runs  NW. 
into  the  Ohio,  327  m.  below  Pittsburg.  It  is 
navififable  lor  canoes  60  m. 

(iUYANDtJT,  Little,  r.  Va.  which  run» 
into  the  Ohio, 

GUYANDOT,  Indxav,  r.  Gallia  co.  Ohio, 
which  runs  into  the  Ohio,  nearly  opposite  to 
Big  Giiyandot,  in  Virpinia. 

GWINNETT,  CO.  Geo.  Pop.  12,220.  Law- 
rencnvillc  is  the  capital. 

GWIN'S  ISLAND,  small  island  in  Chesa- 
|icake  Bay.     Lat.  37=  30'  N. 

H. 

HAANE-KRAI-KILL,  small  r.N.Y.  which 
joins  the  Hudson  on  W.  side  at  New  Baltimore 
landing. 

HABERSHAM,  co.  Geo.  Pop.  10,648.  Chief 
town,  Clarksville. 

HABOLICHETTO,  v.  Hancock  co.  Misa 

HACKETSTOVVN,  t.  Sussex  co,  N.  J.  on 
the  Musconecunk  ;  22  m.  W.  from  Morriftowa- 

HACKINSACK.  r    N.  J.  which  rise*  in 


M 


*Zb'4 


HAC— HAL 


New. York,  uid  ruiiiiiii(r  a  •uutiiLTly  courm: 
4  or  T)  inilri  iVoni  the  lludMii,  iiiiiiKliit  with 
the  I'liMiaic  ill  Nt-wiirk  tuy.  It  In  iiuvi(,Mlilr 
15  III. 

1IA(;KINSA(;I\,  t.  and  cnp.  Ilcrirrii  ca 
N.J.  on  llif  M.irkiiiNnrk  ;  :,»()  m.  WV.  t'nini 
New  York,  '22:i  from  W.  It  coiit.iirma  c'<iiirl- 
hotmc,  'i  liniiNCH  of  piihlii^worHliip,  mid  un 
acndcmv.     Tht;  lioimrM  urc  moHtly  of  utoiip. 

H.\I)I)AAI,  t.  MiddlfHcx  to.  ("l.  on  the  VV. 
bunk  of  tli(!  (  oniirctiriil ;  10  in.  SM.  from  .Mid- 
dli'tuwn.  l'o|).  U,!i;iU.  It  itt  a  |ilcaHant  and 
coiiNidcrublc  town. 

IIADDA.M  (KuHt)  t.  AliddloHfx  c-o.  Ct.  on 
E.  bank  of  the  C'onnrctinit,  op|M)!<itr!  Iliidduin; 
II  m.  SI'],  from  .Middklown.     Pop.  •J,7G.'I. 

HADDONI'IKI.l),  V.  GloiitTslcr  co.  N.  J.; 
6  ni.  K.  from  l'hil;i(l(  Ipliiu. 

HADDKNSVII.M;,  V.  (Jcxiclilund  .o.  Vu.; 
W,  Mil. 

IIADLIOY,  t.  IlaiiipHhirr'  ro.  AIuhh.  on  K. 
•idc  of  th(!  C'onnectiuut ;  .'i  in.  \J0.  from  North- 
ampton, !I:J  W.  from  Uonlon.     It  is  coniicclfd 
with  Norlhuinpton  by  u  brid^rc  iipwiirdH  of  lUDO  j 
feet  lon|^.     A  brid^rc  :ilso  coiiiicct.'i  the  iiortlil 
part  of  the  town  with  llatfuld.     'I'liis  town  is\ 
noted  tor  tlic  culture  of  bruom-eorn,  the  iiiiniiull 
ealeg  of  which,  when    nianufacliired,  exceed , 
20,000  dollars.     MopkinK    Acudciny,  in   this 
town,  \H  a.  tlouriiihinf;  8(!minary.  It  Iiun  a  prin- 
cipal, un  asHistant,  and  iipwurdH  of  lUO  stu- 
dents.    Pop.  1,8H(). 

HADLEY,  (South)  f.  Hampshire  co.  Mas.s. 
on  E.  bank  of  the  ( 'onncetieut ;  '>  in.  Sli^.  from 
Northampton,  HO  m.  VV.  from  Uonton.  About 
B  mile  south  of  the  meetin^f-hoiisi!  there  is  ;> 
medicinal  spring  considerably  resorted  to. 
Here  is  a  full  in  the  river  of  about  !iO  feet, 
which  is  ovcrconie  by  a  dam,  1100  fei.-t  loiiij, 
and  'l\  feet  liigh,  iind  by  a  eanal  '1'2  rods  long, 
with  5  locks.  AI)out  one-tiiird  of  tlie  whole 
length  of  tlio  canal  is  cut  through  a  solid  rock 
10  feet  deep,  and  near  the  locks  more  tlian  40 
feet  deep  for  300  feet  in  length.     Top.  1,185. 

IIADLEY,  t.  Saratoga  eo.  N.  V.  on  W.  side 
of  the  Hudson;  17  in.  N.  from  Ilallston  Spu. 
Pop.  82!). 

HAGARSTOVVN,  t.  and  cap.  Washington 
CO.  Md.  on  Aiitirtam  creek,  '2^^  m.  iWV.  from 
Frederickfown,  71  iNNW.  from  Ilultimore,  from 
W.  63.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  contains 
a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  market-house,  a  hank, 
and  several  houses  of  public  worship.  A  great 
part  of  the  houses  are  built  of  brick  and  stone. 
It  is  situated  in  a  lerfilc  tract  of  country,  and 
has  considerable  trade.  There  are  a  number 
of  mills  in  the  vicinity,  on  Antietam  creek. 
Pop.  3,h71. 

HAGUE,  V.  WcBtinorcland  co.  Va.  80  ni. 
SE.  from  W. 

HAGUE,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  on  W.  side 
of  Lake  George;  22  ni.  NE.  from  Caldwell. 
Pop.  721.  TJiis  town  is  noted  for  a  remarka- 
ble knob,  called  Rogers'  Rock,  which  rises  from 
the  water's  edge  to  the  height  of  300  feet 

HAINA,  r.  St,  Domingo,  which  runs  north, 
and  falls  into  Haiiia  bay,  12  m.  W.  of  the  city 
of  St.  Domingo. 


tlALEY'iSUUllXiE,v.8uuthainptonco.V« 

IIAI.I'»FORI),  V.  Franklin  co.  Va.  150  m. 
SW  l)\   VV.  trom  Richmond. 

M  \l,i:VSnUK(;,  v.  l-nnniKburg  ro.  V«. 

MALIJI.VIAND,  ro.  of  U.  C.  on  l.oke  On. 
tario. 

IIAI.DI.VIAND,  CO.  Niagara  diiiUict,  Up. 
|x>r  ( 'aiiada. 

II.M.DIMANI),  I.  .Northumberland  ca  Lp. 
|K'r  Canada,  on  l,aki'  Ontario. 

IIAI.K'S  \\l'.\  ,  iNlaiid  in  the  gulf  of  Mtxi 
eo,  iK^ar  the:  count  of  Florido.  I<on.  H'2^  5'  VV,, 
lut.2M'  .1'  N. 

HALIFAX,  I.  Windham  co.  Vt.  50  in.  .s 
from  Windsor.     Pop.  1,5(12. 

HALIFAX,  I.  Plymouth  eo.  Muss.  13  i„ 
.\W.  from  Plymouth,  .'15  SE.  from  Hoslon 
Po|).  70!l. 

HALIFAX,  t.  Dauphin  ro.  Pa.  on  tlic  R 
side  of  the  Su8(|ueliaiiiiuh,  13  m.  N.  from  Hai 
risburg.     Pop.  1,772. 

HALIFAX  CO.  Va.  Pop.  28,032.  Chut 
town,  Uaniiister. 

H  .\  L I F  V  X ,  CO.  N .  C.  Pop.  17,738.  Clm  i 
town,  lialiliix. 

HALIFAX,  t.  and  cap.  Halifax  co.  N.  C.  m 
pleasantly  Kiliiuted  on  the  VV.  bank  of  the  Ro 
uiioke,  7  III.  below  the  (>reut  F'ulls,  and  70  by 
land  from  the  mouth  of  the  river ;  30  in.  .V 
from  Tarboroiigh, 72  m.  S.  by  W. from  Ptlerj 
burg.  Lai.  30^  13'  N.  It  is  regularly  laidoui, 
and  contains  a  court-house  uiid  jail.  The  river 
is  navigalile  to  this  [ilacc  for  vessels  of  con 
siderabic  burthen.  A  canal  around  the  fulls 
of  the  Roanoke  o|)ens  the  navigation  for  bu 
tcaiix,  for  more  than  130  miles  above  tlic  town 

HALIFAX,  r.  Florida,  Hows  S.  about  ,30  n. 
and  empties  itself  into  Miisquilo  inlet. 

HALIFAX,  t.  Huckinghum  co.  Ix)wcr 
Canada,  45  in.  SE.  from  Three  Rivers. 

HAfjIF'AX,  the  cajiital  of  Nova-Scotia,  ii< 
ill  Halifax  co.  on  a  spacious  bay,  or  harbor, 
called  Cliebuctoo,  which  is  open  at  all  scacons 
of  the  year,  is  of  a  bold  and  easy  entroncc,  and 
will  admit  1,000  of  the  largest  ships  to  ride  in 
safety.  The  entrance  is  completely  defended 
by  Fort  George.  The  town  stands  on  the  VV. 
side  of  the  harbor.  Lon.  63=  35'  W. ;  lat.  44' 
44'  N.     Pop.  15,000. 

HALL,  CO.  Geo.  Pop.  11,755.  Goinesviiic 
is  the  county  town. 

HALL'S'KEY,  isl.  in  the  bay  of  Hondura*. 
Lon.  30"  10'  W.  lat.  1«=  10'  N. 

HALF  MOON,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson  alwve  Wutcrlbrd.     Pop.  2,042. 

HALF-WAY  HOUSE,  v.  York  co.  Va.  15 
m.  SE.  from  Williamsburg,  and  23  NW.  from 
Norfolk. 

HALF-HYDE  BAY,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Antigua,  2  m.  S.  from  Reed  point 

HALF-MOON  BAY,  u  buy  on  the  W.  coaal 
of  Jamaica,  2  m.  N.  from  Orange  boy. 

HALF-MOON  BAY,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
St.  Christopher,  2  ni.  SE.  from  Ragged  Point. 

HALF-MOON  KEY,  isl.  near  the  south 
coast  of  Jamaica,  3  m.  ENE.  of  Portland  point. 

HALFMOON  KEY,  isl.  in  the  bay  of 
Honduras.    Lon.  89''  W.  lat.  17°  10'  N. 


HAl,-HAM 


•.'M 


itliamptoiico.V« 
II  CO.  \'a.  150  m. 

iinburK  «o.  V». 
,  C.  oil  l-oke  f)n 

ara  diNtricI,  Up- 

inilKTland  co.  L'p. 

>. 

tlip  KuU'fif  Mm 

.  Ix)n.  82=5'W.. 

CO.  Vl.  50  in.  S 

1    CO.    MuXN.    13    Ml 

8E.  from   IJotton 

ro.  I'n.  on  llii!  K 
',]  ni.  N.  from  H»t 

,p.  a8,03a.  ciiicf 

^p.  17,738.   Clmi 

Halifax  co.  N.f.  i» 
V.  Itank  of  tlie  Uo 
it  Falls,  nnd^  70  by 
he  river ;  30  m.  .\. 
by  W.ftom  IVlen 
H  rc(,'ularly  laid  out, 
and  jail.  "Tlu'_ river 
for  vcKscU  of  coil 
lal  around  tlii!  full» 
•  navigation  for  bii 
lilcs  above  the  town 
lldWH  S.  about  30  m 
isfpiitx)  inlet. 
iii;ham    CO.    1/OWcr 
hirec  RivcrH. 
of  Nova-Scotia,  u 
lUH  bay,  or  harbor, 
open  at  all  seasons 
.  catty  entrance,  and 
.pest  ships  to  ride  in 
|eonipletely  defended 
n  stands  on  the\V. 
133  35' W.;  lat.44' 

11,755.    Gainesville 

[he  bay  of  Honduru. 
l)'N. 

loira  CO.  N.  y.  on  tlic 
Pop.  2,042. 
V.  York  CO.  Va.  15 
T,  and  23  NW.  from 

Ion  the  W.  coast  of 
1.  S.  from  Reed  point 
1  bay  on  the  W.  coast 

I  Orange  bay. 

Ion  Uic  N.  coast  oi 

ffrom  Ragged  Point. 

I  isl.  near  the  south 

Ie.  of  Portland  point. 

I  isl.  ill  the  bay  of 

llat.  n°  10'  N. 


H.\I.LOWKM,.  I  Kenneheck  w  Me.  on 
Kmnebfrk  river,  at  the  hrnd  of  the  tide,  'i  m. 
hflow  ,Vu(jnsfi,  .'il  m.  NK.  from  Portland. 
|,«t.  W  Uy  N.  Pop.  3.'»r)l.  It  id  a  (louriMh- 
in({  town,  a  place  of  considerable  trade,  and 
fxportii  large  quantities  of  beef,  [wirk,  pot 
ind  |>earl  nHhes,  llour  and  lumlx  r.  'I'lie  river 
it  navi(jabl«'  to  this  pl.iee  tor  vesselM  of  l.")(>  tons. 

MAr,l,<»Wr,l,l,.  t.  Prinee  r,dwar<l  eo.  VA  . 
1)11  F.ake  Ontario. 

IIAl.l.OW  i;i,l,  CROi^S.RO.MW,  Keniie. 
be«"k  eo.  Me.  near  the  villaije  of  Mallowell, 
and  .1.1  m.  NK.  from  Porthmil. 

IIM.L'S  inVi;i{,  .\.  H.  a  head.water  of 
the  (.'oniicelicut ;  tlows  from  tin-  NW.  and  itn 
mouth  ii*  in  Int.  \'t '  \'. 

H.\I.F/S  CMOSS.ROADS,  Marlord  co.  Md. 
30  111.  .NIv  from  l!:iltiiiiori-. 

H.\M..SVir,f.K,  v.  Montjromery  f".  N.  Y. ; 
:3  111.  NU'.  tVoiii  Albaiiv. 

ilAl.l.SVIIJ.M,  v.  Duplin  eo.  N.C.  about 
m  111.  Sll.  t'rom  Hal.itrh. 

IIAM,t.  niK'kin<;liiim  eo.  li.  ('anadn;  50  m. 
SF,.  t'rom  'riiree  Hivers. 

IIA.M-m-rri",  eape,  at  the  W.  extremity 
of  Santa  Cru/.  in  the  \Vest  Indies.     Iion.  (i3' 

:ii\v.;  i.it.  n^T.r  N. 

HAMIIl'K( ;,  t.  Kric  eo.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  Erie, 
S.  of  r.niralo.     I'op.  :j,:i4h. 

IIA.MIJI'Uc;,  1.  Siisnex  ro.  N.  .1.;  IH  m. 
frnni  (Joshi'ii,  N.  V.  '.'D  iVniii  Ne\vt<ni. 

HAMHl'Kt;,  t.  Nin(rara  co.  N.  Y.;  13ti  in. 
from  VV. 

MAMHIJRt;,  V.  Otsetfoeo.  N.  Y. 

llAMnUIKi,  t.  Ilerks  co.  Pn.on  the  E.  side 
nflhe  Sehuvlkill ;  lt<  m.  N.  bv  W.  trom  Head- 
inir,  70  NNW.  from  Philadelphia. 

IIAMIU'RC;,  t.  AbtM-ville  district,  S.  (\  on 
Siivannah  river,  op|i<)site  Aiijriista.  The  first 
buildinim  were  eoiimieiicid  ilk  .lime,  lKJl,niul 
in  I8'J"J  there  were  ereeted  "-iOO  dweliiiicr-hniiHCs 
untl  8tores.  Ifnmbnrir  was  erected  for  the 
purpose  of  divertiiiif  the  trade  nf  this  part  of 
the  state,  and  also  of  the  ui)(iir  parts  of  (Jeor- 
ifia,  from  Savaiiiiah  to  Charleston.  \  rail-road 
n  now  ill  projjress  between  this  plai'e  and 
Cliarleston. 

HAMBURG  ON  THE  LAKE,  v.  Niagara 
en.  N.  Y. 

IIAMDEN,  V.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.;  104  m. 
^W.  from  Albany. 

ilAMOEN,  t.'New  Haven  eo.fl.;  H  m.  N. 
from  New  Haven.  F'op.  l,()tifl.  Within  the 
I'mnsliip,  alwiit  2  in.  from  N.  Haven,  there  is 
•1  larsre  pun  manufactory. 

HAMH/rON,  eap«!  on  the  N.  end  of  the 
i«l:md  of  Newfoundland. 

HAMILTON,  t.  Fjisex  co.  .Mass.;  10  m. 
NW.  from  Salem.     Pop.  743. 

HAMILTON,  CO.  N.  Y.;  Iwiinded  by  Mont- 
gomery S.  Herkimer  SW.  and  W.  St.  I^aw- 
rrncc  and  Franklin  N.  and  E-ssex,  Warren, 
and  Saratoga  E.  This  county  was  formerly 
contained  in  the  northern  part  of  Montffomcry. 
Pop.  1324. 

HAMILTON,  t.  Gospe  co.  L.  Canada,  on 
Ohaleur  Bay. 

HAMILTON,  t.  Northumberland  co.  U.  C. 
extending  from  Lake  Ontario  to  Rice  Lake. 


IIA.MILT(»N.  t.  Philadelphia  eu.  Pa.  on 
the  Selmvlkill,  opposite  F'hiUdelphin 

II  V.MlLTdN,  t.  Martin  eo.  N.(  . 

II  A. MIL  TON.  t.  Warren  co.  Ohm.  Pop. 
l,fi(i.>. 

FIAMFI/rON,  a  port  in  the  Bermuda  iiL 
nnds,  anil  si-at  of  gov<Tiiment. 

IIAMFF.TON.  t.  M.idlHOM  co.  N.  Y.  25  m. 
SW.  from  I'tira.  11(1  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
;i,",'^0.  It  eontaiiiH  2  chiireheR.  The  villago 
in  ImnilKoinely  built  on  the  main  branch  of 
( 'licnansfo  river. 

IIAMFLTnN.  v.  (.uilderlandt,  N.  Y. 

HAMILTON,  t.  (iloiieestereo.  N.  J. 

IIWIILTON,  ro.  E.  Ten.  Pop.  24J74. 
Hr.iincrd  is  the  chit  t"  town. 

II  \  MILTON,  eo.  the  SW.  part  of  Ohio,  on 
Oliiorivir.  Pop.  .VJ,;i'Jl.  ('Iii»f  town,  Cin- 
cinnati. 

IIAMFF.TO.N,  t.  and  cap.  Butler  eo.  Ohio, 
on  !\Fiami  river,  '2'}  m.  .N.  from  rineinnafi,  105 
SW.  from  f'oliimbuH.  FFere  is  a  printing- 
oll'iee.      F'op.  I,0;i7. 

IIAMILToV.t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
E.  side  f)l'tlii'  Seioto,  7  m.  from  ('ohiinbus. 

IIA"\IILTON,  V.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 
on  Si.  Lawrciiee  river,  20  ni.  below  Ogdcna- 
burir. 

H  \MFF,TON,  v.  of  Catnrauffus  co.  N.  Y. 
on  till'  ripiil  !);!iik  of  Alli  phany  riiTr,  at  and 
ImIow  the  moiifli  nt'Oliaii.  'J'he  .Alleghany 
river  is  there  iihout  ^^0  yards  wide,  and  at  sea- 
sons of"  liif^rh-wattr,  iiavipahle  for  vessels  of  8 
or  10  tfxis  liiirtlii'ii.  Distant  from  F'ittsburg 
I  by  land  170  m.  by  water  'JtiO,  from  Buttiilo  G5, 
land  from  navi^rable  water  in  Genesee  river, 
liiear  Anfeliea.  'J.")  m. 
I  HAM  I  LT(  t\  HA  N,  t.  Adams  co.  Pn. 
I  HAMILTONMLF.I..  Huntingdon  eo.  Pa. 
1)11  file  .liiniata. 

■      HA.MPDIl.N,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.on  the  W. 
Iside  of  F'lnoliseot  river;  10    m.  SSW.  from 
'  Hanjror,  'J:*  NW.  from  Cnstiiic.     Pop.  2,020. 
!      HAMPDE.N,  eo.  Mass.   F'op.  31,640.  Chief 
town,  Snriniflleld. 

FIA.MPDEN,  t.  Geauga  eo. Ohio. 

FIAMPSHlRr:,  CO.  Mass.  Pop.  30,210. 
riiiet'  town,  Northampton. 

HAMPSHFRE,  eo.  Va.  Pop.  114J7f).  Chief 
town,  l?omnev. 

FFAMPSHFRF:,  eo.  in  Qiicbtc  district,  L. 
Canada,  on  the  .\.  side  of  the  St.  F.awrence. 

HAMF'S'F'EAD,  f.  Queen's  co.  N.  Bruns- 
wiek,  on  the  W.  side  of  St.  John  river. 

HA.MPS'l'EAD.t.  Roekiiigham  eo.  N.  H. ; 
24  m.  SW.  from  F'ortsmouth.     Pop.  !)13. 

HAMF'S'F'F'^AD,  v.  Kinc  (Jeorge  eo.  Va. 

HAMPS'F'EAD,  t.  Hoekland  co.  N.  Y.  15 
m.  NW.  from  New  York.  It  contains  several 
churches,  and  the  extensive  iron-works,  called 
Fiamn|)oo  Works. 

HAMPTON,  t.  Rockingham  eo.  N.  H.  on 
the  sea-coast,  |H  m.  SW.  from  Portamouth. 
Poj).  1,103.  Ft  contains  two  meeting-houses, 
and  an  academy. 

HAMPTON,  t.  Windham  co.  Ct. ;  37  m. 
E.  from  Hartford.    Pop.  1,101. 

HAMPTON,  V.  in  Westmoreland,  Oneida 
CO.  N.  Y.;  11  m.  W.  from  Whitesborough. 


I 


'Mi 


asi 


HAM— HAR 


70 


^'^:si 


4 


^'■Hik'f 


mi 


HAMP'J'ON,  t.  VVusliiiifrton  co.  N.  Y 
ni.  NE.  froiii  Albany.     Po|).  1,009. 

HAMPTON,  t.  Elizabcth-citv  co.  Va. 

HAMPTON  FALLS,  t.  Kockinphnm  co. 
N.  If.  on  the  sea-roast,  20  in.  SW.  from  Ports- 
mouth.  Pop.  .582.  It  contains  3  churches,  2 
for  (^on^frcpationalists,  and  1  for  Baptists. 

HAMPTOWILLE,  v.  Surrey  co.  N.  C. 

HANCOCK,  CO.  Me.  on  both  sides  of  Pe- 
nobscot  Bay ;  bounded  N.  by  Pcnoijscof  co.  E. 
by  Wasliington  co.  .*.  by  the  Atlantic,  .md  \V. 
bv  Lincoln  co.  Po;).  21,347.  Chief  town, 
Castine. 

HANCOCK,  t.  Ilillsbornnsrh  co.  N.  IT.;  1.3 
m.  E.  from  Kcciie,  28  SJV.  from  Concord. 
Pop.  1,316. 

HANCOCK,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt. ;  29  m.  SW. 
from  Montpclicr.     Pop.  472. 

HANCOCK,  t.  Berkshire  co.  ^lass.;  20  in. 
NNW.  from  Lenox.     Pop.  ],0."j.3. 

HANCOCK,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y. ;  22  m. 
SW.  from  Delhi,  60  W.  from  Kir^ston.  Pop. 
766. 

HANCOCK,  t.  Salem  co.  N.  .*. 

HANCOCK,  t  Washington  co.  Md.  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Potomac ;  2.5  ni.  SE.  from 
Bedford,  Pa.  119  NW.  from  Baltimore. 

HANC(K;K,  CO.  western  district  of  Geo.  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Oconee.  Pop.  11,822.  Chief 
town,  Sparta. 

HANCOCK,  CO.  Ohio ;  bounded  W.  by  Put- 
nam, N.  bv  Wood,  E.  by  Seneca  and  Craw- 
ford, and  S.  by  Hardin.  Pop.  813.  Chief 
town,  Findlay. 

HANCOCK,  CO.  Mis. ;  bounded  by  Lake 
Borgne  S.  by  Pearl  river  or  Louisiana  W.  by 
Marion  and  Perry  N.  and  by  Jackson  NE. 
Pop.  1,961.    Cl.iof  town,  Pearlington. 

HANCOCKSVILLE,  v.  Union  district,  S.  C. 
110  m.  NNW.  from  Columbia. 

HANGING  FORK,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Ken.  be- 
tween  Danville  and  Stamford,  53  m.  Si^E.  from 
Frankfort. 

HANGING  ROCK,  t.  Hampshire  co,  Va. ; 
99  m.  WNW.  from  W. 

HANKINSONVILLE,  v.  Claiborne  co.  Mis. 
about  40  m.  NE.  from  Natchez. 

HANNIBAL,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  SW.  from 
the  mouth  of  Onondafra  river.     Pop.  1,794. 

HANNIBALSVILLE,  v.  in  Hannibal  town- 
ship,  Oswego  CO.  N.  Y.;  182  m.  NW.  by  W. 
from  Albany. 

HANOVER,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  E.  side 
of  the  Connecticut ;  53  m.  NW.  from  (^oncord, 
102  WNW.  from  Portsmouth.  115  NW.  from 
Boston,  41)0  from  W.  Pop.  2,361.  Dartmouth 
College,  situated  in  the  SW.  part  of  this  town- 
ship, about  half  a  mile  E.  of  the  river,  on  a 
beautiful  plain,  ranks  as  the  third  literary  in- 
Btitution  in  New  England.  It  was  founded  in 
1770  by  Dr.  Eleazar  Wheelook.  The  build- 
inga  consist  of  two  handsome  edifices,  the  Col- 
lege Hall  and  Medical  Hall.  The  former  is 
150  feet  by  50, 3  stories  high,  and  contains  36 
rooms.  The  latter  is  75  feet  long  and  3  sto- 
ries high,  containing  a  laboratory,  a  room  lor 
the  anatomical  museum,  2  lecture  rooms,  and 
9  rooms  for  medical  students,  a  chapel  and  a 
dining  hall.    The  officers  are  a  president  and 


8  pioJbtijois.  'i"he  whole  number  of  graduate* 
up  to  1B3T  was  1,609:  the  overage  number  nf 
u!!'!er  ;:;uduatc8  was  about  150.  The  number 
of  volumes  in  the  College  Library  is  6,000,  and 
the  Students'  Library  contains  8,000  volumes. 
There  are  3  vacations  in  a  year,  in  May,  Au. 
[rust,  and  December.  Commencement  is  on 
the  last  Wedntsdoy  but  one  in  August. 

HANOVER,  t.  Plymouth  co.  31ass.;  15  m. 
NW.  from  Plymouth,  25  .SE.  from  Boston 
Pop.  1,300. 

HANOVER,  v.  in  Paris,  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 
on  Oriskany  creek. 

HANOVER,  t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  NE.of 
Chalauque.    Pop.  2,614. 

HANOVER,  t.  :\Iorri9  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Pai- 
sale,  16  m.  NW.  from  Elizabetlitown.  Pop 
3,718. 

HANOVER,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  Pop 
2,859. 

HANOVER,  t.  York  co.  Pa.  on  a  branch  of 
Conewago  creek,  which  runs  into  the  Siisqur 
hannnh,  18  in.  SW.  trom  York,  106  W.  by  S. 
from  Philadelphia.  It  contains  two  churchrs. 
Pop.  1,006. 

HANOVER,  CO.  Va.  between  Chickahomi. 
ny  and  Pamunky  rivers.  Pop.  16,2.53,  of 
whom  6,526  are  whites,  449  free  blacks,  and 
9,278  slaves.  In  this  county  is  Washington- 
Henry  Academy,  at  Hanover,  9  m.  NE.  from 
Richmond. 

HANOVER,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
2/).39. 

HANOVER,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  5  m.N 
from  Cadiz.     Pop.  44. 

HANOVER,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  70?. 

HANOVER,  t.  IJichland  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  323. 

HANOVER,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio. 

HANOVER,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  W. from 
Rossvillc.    Pop.  1,644. 

HANOVER  BAY,  or  Chetamal  Bay,  on  the 
E.  coast  of  Yucatan.  Lon.  89°  15'  W. ;  lat. 
18=  45'  N. 

HANOVER,  NetD,  country  on  the  NW. 
coast  of  America,  lying  partly  in  New  Cale- 
donia and  partly  in  Oregon  Territory,  between 
lat.  4.5=  30'  and  53=  15'  N. 

HANOVERTOWN,  t.  Hanover  co.  Va.  on 
the  Pamunky,  6  m.  above  New  Castle,  22  NE. 
from  Richmond. 

HANSON,  t.  Plymouth  co. Mass.  Pop.  1,030. 

HANTS,  CO.  Nova-Scotia,  which  contain* 
the  townships  of  Windsor,  Falmouth,  and 
Newport. 

HARBOR,  Cape,  the  N.  extremity  of  Weils' 
Bay,  on  the  coast  of  Maine.  I^ori.  70=  24'  W.; 
lat."  43=  18'  N. 

HARBOR  DE  LUTE,  harbor  in  Cainpo 
Bello  Island,  New  Bruii8\vick,  opening  into 
Passnniaqnoddy  Bay. 

HARBOR  ISLAND,  one  of  the  smaller 
Bahama  Islands,  N.  of  Eleuthera.  Lon.  76' 
44'  W. ;  lat.  25=  56'  N. 

HARDEN  BURG,  v.Breekcnbridge  co.Ken. 

HARDEN'S  COVE,  v.  Randolph  co.  Va.  on 
the  E.  branch  of  Monongahela  river,  65  m. 
above  Morgantown. 

HARDEN'S  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  runs  into  the 
Ohio.    Lon.  86=  56'  W. :  lat.  37°  40'  N. 


HAR— HAR 


28r. 


igton  CO.  N.  J.    Pop 


t.  Hanover  co.  Va.  on 
le  New  Castle,  22  NE. 

th  CO.  Mass.  Pop.  1,030. 
Scotia,  which  contain* 
ndsor,  Falmouth,  and 


),  one  of  the  smaller 
Eleuthera.    Lon.  7fi' 

Breckcnbridge  ccKen. 
V.  Randolph  co.  Va.  on 
longahela  river,  65  no. 

K,r.  Ken.  runs  into  the 
.;  lat.37o40'N. 


IIARDENSVILLE,  v.  on  Racing  River, 
Shelby  co.  Ken.  9  in.  S\V.  from  Frankfort. 

HARDIMAN,  co.  in  the  SW.  part  of  Ten. 
Pop.  11,62S.     Bolivar  is  the  capital. 

HARDIN,  CO.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio,  662  -i. 
from  W.  Pop.  13,148.  Chief  town,  Eliza- 
bcthtown. 

HARDIN,  V.  Shelby  co.  Ohio,  on  Loramie 
creek,  5  m.  SF,.  from  Fort  Loraiuic,  and  93 
NW.  by  W.  from  Columbus. 

HARDIN,  CO.  in  the  SW.  part  of  Ten.  Pop. 
4,867.    Savannah  i.s  the  capital. 

HARDIN,  CO.  Ohio.  Pop.  500.  Hardy  is 
the  chief  town. 

HARDIN,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio. 

HARDING'S  FERRY,  on  White  river,  Ar- 
konsas,  400  in.  from  its  mouth. 

HARDINSnURf!,  v.  Dearborn  co.  In.  101 
m.  SE.  from  Indianapolis. 

HARDINSVILLE,  v.  on  the  rin:ht  bank  of 
Tennessee  riier,  Hardin  co.  Ten.  I40  m.  SW. 
by  W.  from  Murfreesljorough,  and  50  NW. 
from  Florence  in  Alabama. 

HARDWARE  RIVER,  r.  Va.  which  runs 
into  James  river. 

HARDWICK,  t  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  14  m. 
NE.  from  Danville,  24  NNE.  from  Montpclicr. 
Pop.  1,216. 

HARDWICK,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass. 22  m. 
WNW.  from  Worcester,  70  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,88,5. 

HARDWICK,  s.p.  Bryan  co.  Geo.  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Ogeecliec  river,  25  m.  SW.  from 
Savannah. 

HARDWICK,  t.  Warren  ro.  N.  J.  on  the 
Delaware  river,  60  m.  above  Easton  in  Penn- 
sylvania.   Pop.  1,962. 

H.ARDWICK,  island,  in  Johnson's  Strait, 
on  the  Pacific  coast  of  N.  America.  Lon.  from 
W.  48=  45'  W. ;  lat.  50°  26'  N. 

HARDY,  CO.  N.  part  of  Va.  bounded  NE. 
by  Hampshire  co.  E.  by  Shenandoah  co.  SW. 
by  Pendleton  and  Randolph  cos.  and  NW.  by 
Maryland.  Pop.  6,798.  Chief  town,  Moore, 
field. 
HARDY,  t.  Coshocton  co.  Ohio. 
HARE,  large  bay,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  N. 
peninsula  of  Newfoundland.  Lon.  from  W. 
1!)0  20'E.;  lat  51°  20' N. 

HARE  ISLAND,  isl.  L.  C.  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  16  m.  above  the  confluence  of  Sa- 
guenaw  river,  and  103  below  Quebec. 

HARFORD,  t.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa.  235 
m.  from  W. 

HARFORD,  CO.  Md.  bounded  N.  by  Penn- 
«ylvania,  E.  by  the  Susquehannah,  SE.  by 
Chesapeake  Bay,  and  W.  by  Baltimore  co. 
Pop.  16,315.    Chief  town.  Belle- Air. 

HARFORD,  t.  Harford  co.  Md.  on  Bush 
River,  35  m.  NE.  from  Baltimore,  77  SW.  from 

Philadelphia.   Lon.  76=  17'  W. ;  lat.  39°  28'  N. 
HARLAN,  CO.  Ken.    Pop.  2,928. 
HARLEESVILLE,  v.  Marion  co.  S.  C. 
HARLEM,  v.  New  Yc  k  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  N. 

from  New  York. 
HARLEM,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  on  Big 

Walnut  creek.    Pop.  535. 
HARLEM  CREEK,  or  East  River,  N.  Y 


forms  the  E.  boundary  of  New  York  island 
and  county. 

HARLINGTON,  t  Bergen  co.  N.  J. 
HARLINGTON,  v.  Washington  co.  Me. 
Pop.  1,118. 

HARLINSBURG,  v.  Mercer  co.  Pa. 
HARMAN'S  CREEK,  Va.  runs  into  the 
Ohio,  I  m.  above  Stoubcnvillc. 

HARMONY,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  25  m.  E. 
from  Norridgrwick.     Pop.  925. 

HAU.MONY,  t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.    Pop. 
1,98.S. 

HARMONY,  t.  Butler  co.  Pa.  on  Conaquc 
ncsiuir  creek,  25  m.  NW.  from  Pittsburg. 
HARMONY,  t.  Su.squchannah  co.  Pa. 
HAR.^IONY,  t.  Clarke  co.  Ohio. 
HAR.MONV,  t.  Posey  co.  In.  on  the  Wa- 
bash, sntll.'d  by  a  religious  sect  from  Germany, 
calliil  Harmonists.     Pop.  (WO. 
HARMONY,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 
HARMONY,  v.  York  co.  S.  C. 
HARMONY,  Arkansas  T(  r.  a  missionary 
station  among  the  Osage  Indians,  formed  in 
1821  by  the  United  Foreign  Mission  Society. 
It  is  situated  on  the  Marias  do  Cein,  a  good 
mill-stream,  6  m.  alxjvc  its  junction  with  Osage 
river.    The  tract  of  land  given  by  the  Indians 
for  tlic  use  of  the  mission  contains  about  15,000 
acres,  is  very  fertile,  and  well  supplied  with 
timber  and  stone  for  building.    Good  coal  is 
found  within  a  few  rods  of  the  settlement. 

HARMONY,  v.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  on  the  Sus- 
quehannah, 18  m.  NW.  from  Stockport. 

HARPER'S  FERRY,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Va. 
on  tile  Potomac,  at  the  moutli  of  the  Shenan- 
doah, 21  m.  WSW.  from  Fredericktown,  24  ni. 
ENE.  from  Winchester,  and  65  NW.  from  W. 
The  piiasagc  of  the  Potomac  through  the  Blue 
Ridge  at  this  place  is  accounted  a  curio-sity. 
There  is  here  an  cxtensiye  establishment  be- 
longing to  the  United  States,  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  arms.  The  number  of  men  employed 
is  about  260,  and  the  annual  expense  has  been, 
on  an  average,  about  8100,000. 

HARPERSFIELD,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y. 
20  ni.  NE.  from  Delhi,  55  SW.  from  Albany, 
51  from  Cntskill.     Pop.  1,936. 

HARPERSFIELD,  South,  v.  Delaware  co. 
N.  Y. 

HARPERSFIELD,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio, 
on  Grand  river,  10  m.  W.  from  Jefferson. 
HARPERSVILLE,  v.  Broome  co.  N.  Y. 
HARPETH,  v.  Williamson  co.  Ten. 
HARPETII,  r.  Tennessee,  which  after  a 
NNW.  course  of  about  40  m.  falls  into  the 
Cumberland,  19  m.  NW.  from  Nashville.     It 
is  navigable  for  boats  to  Franklin. 

HARPSWELL,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Me.  40 
m.  E.  from  Portland.     Pop.  1,353. 

HARRIET  POINT,  cape,  on  the  N W.  coast 
of  America.     LaU  60=  24'  N. 

HARRINGTON,  t.  Washington  co.  Me.  on 
NarraguaguH  Bay,  25  m.  W.  from  Machiao. 
Pop.  1,118. 

HARRINGTON,  t.  Bergen  co.  N.J.  Pop. 
2,581. 

HARRISBOROUGH,  t  Richmond  co.  Geo. 
on  Savannah  river,  a  little  above  Augusta. 


hi 


i\  <i 


2S» 


HAR— HAR 


Hi  ^  i  • 


.  Jl.i.  i 


STATIMIOLfJK,  A'l"  IIAlflf ISDI-RfJ. 

HARRISBURG,  t.  Dyuphiii   co.  P:i.  and       IFAinjISON,  v.  Knox  co.  Ohio,  15  m.  SE. 
capital  of  tlio  state,  is  rcpularly  laid  out  on  tlici  from  JMonnt  Vernon. 

E.  banit  of  thn  Susquehanna  river,  over  wliieli  i  HARRISON,  co.  In.  bounded  by  Oiiio  river 
a  bridge  is  here  erected,  a  mile  in  loufrili.  Ii  SE.  S.  and  \V.  Big  JJIiie  river  SW.  Washintj- 
is  f)7  m.  WNVV.  from  Philadelphia,  Ary  NW.  ton  N.  and  Floyd  NK.  and  E.  Soil  fertile. 
from  Lancaster,  184  E.  from  rittsbnr?,  and  110  Chief  town,  Corydon.  Pop.  10,288. 
fromW.  Lat.  40=16' N.  It  contains  7  or  8 1  HARRISON,  v.  and  t.  Harrison  co.  In. 
public  buildinjrs,  and  7  houses  of  public  \vor-|  HARRISON,  t.  Franklin  co.  In.  25m.  NW. 
ship.     The  state-house  is  a  spacious  and  elc-  from  Cincinnati. 


gant  buildiufif,  and  makes  an  imposinjj  show. 
Pop.  in  1820,  3,000;  in  18:i0,  4..307.  ' 

HARRISBURG,  t.  Lewis  co.  N.  Y.  20  m. 
from  Brownville,  65  N.  from  Rome.   Pop.  712. 

HARRISBURG,  or  Cairo,  v.  Lancaster  co 
S.  Carolina. 

HARRISBURG,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio,  on  Ohio 
river,  7  m.  S.  from  Gallipolis. 

HARRISBUR(J,  v.  Ocatahoola  parish.  La. 
40  m.  a  little  N.  of  W.  from  Natchez. 

HARRISON,  t.  Cmnberland  co.  Mc.  41  m. 
NW.  from  Portland. 

HARRISON,  t.  Cprtlandt  co.  N.  Y. 

HARRISON,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  30 
m.  NE.  from  New  York.    Pop.  1,0&1. 

HARRISON,  CO.  Va.  inclosed  by  the  conn- 
tics  of  Ohio,  Mononfjalia,  Randolph,  Kenhawa, 
and  Wood.  Pop.  14,677.  (Jhief  town,  Clarks- 
burg. 

HARRISON,  CO.  in  the  NE.  part  of  Ken. 
Pop.  13,180.     Chief  town,  Cinthiana. 

HARRISON,  CO.  Ohio,  Ix-tween  Jefferson 
and  Tuscarawas  counties.  H(\.  jns.  450.  Pop. 
20,920.    Chief  town.  Cadi/. 

HARRISON,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
.W5. 

HARRISON,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio,  10  m. 
NE.  from  Columbus. 

HARRISON,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  781. 

HARRISON,  t  Hamilton  co.Ohio.  Pop.  173. 

HARRISON,  t.  on  the  E.  side  of  Ross  co. 
Ohio.    Pop.  545. 

HARRISON,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  E.  from 
Scioto  river.    I'op.  823. 

HARRISON,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio,  on  the  S. 
fork  of  Licking  river.     Pop.  477. 

HARRISON,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,318. 

HARRISON,  v.  Ohio  and  In.  standing  on 
the  lino  between  the  two  states,  one  part  being 
in  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  and  the  other  in  Dear- 
born ca  Indiana. 


HARRISON,  V.  Calloway  co.  Miso.  100  m. 
W.  from  St.  Louis. 

HARRISONBURG,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Rockingham  co.  Va.  25  m.  NNE.  from  Staun- 
ton,  and  40  NNW.  from  Charlottesville. 

HARRISONVILLE,  v.  Monroe  co.  Illinois, 
on  the  left,  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  30  m.  below 
St.  liouis. 
HARRISVILLE,  v.  Butler  co.  Pa. 
HARRISVILLE,  v.  Brunswick  co.  Va.  57 
m.  n  little  W.  of  S.  from  Richmond. 

IIARRI.SVILLE,  v.  Medina  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  S.  side  of  the  CO.    Pop.  500. 

HARRISVILLE,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio, 9  m. 
NE.  from  Cadiz.    Pop.  314. 

HARRISVILLE  RESERVE,  v.  Medina 
CO.  Ohio,  90  m.  N.  from  Columbus. 

HARRODSBURG,  t.  Mercer  co.  Ken.  on 
Salt  river,  10  ni.  N.  by  W.  from  Danville.  Here 
is  a  mineral  spring,  from  which  Epsom  salts 
arc  obtained.    Pop.  1,051. 

HARROirS  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  rims 
into  the  Ohio,  10  m.  above  Louisville. 

HART,  CO.  Ken.  Pop.  5,292.  Chief  town, 
Munfordsville. 

HARTFORD,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  12  m.NF. 
from  Paris.    Pop.  1,297. 

HARTFORD,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  on  Con- 
necticut river,  14  m.  above  Windsor.  Pop. 
2,044. 

HARTFORD,  co.  Ct.  on  both  sides  Con- 
necticut  river.  Pop.  51,141.  Hartford  is  tiw 
capital. 

HARTFORD,  city,  Hartford  co.  Ct.  and 
one  of  the  capitals  of  the  state,  is  regularly 
laid  out  on  the  W.  bank  of  Connecticut  river, 
50  m.  from  its  moutli,  14  N.  from  Middletown, 
34  NNE.  from  New  Haven,  42  NW.  from  New 
London,  74  W.  from  Providence,  94  SE.  from 
Albany,  100  WSW.  from  Boston,  123  NE.  from 
New  York,  and  3.35  from  W.    Pop.  in  1820, 


HAK— HAV 


287 


Ohio,  15  m.  SE. 

led  by  Ohio  river 
r  SW.  Wasliintf- 
E.    Soil  tortile. 
10,288.  ■ 
rrison  co.  In. 
o.  In.  25m.mV. 

CO.  Miso.  100  111. 

d  scat,  of  justice, 
NE.  from  Staun- 
rlottesville. 
onroc  CO.  Illinois, 
pippi,  30  ni.  below 

CO.  Pa. 

wick  CO.  Va.  57 

miond. 

ina  CO.  Ohio,  on 

10. 

!on  CO.  Ohio,  9  m. 

tVE,  V.   Medina 
mbus. 

rcer  co.  Km.  on 

Danville.    Here 

lich  Epsom  salts 

\'cn.  vvliicli  runs 

luisvillc. 

1)2.    Chief  town, 

I.  Me.  12  m.  NK. 

CO.  Vt.  on  Con- 
Windsor.     Pop. 

Iwtli  sidcH  Con- 
Harttbrd  is  th(! 

rd  CO.  Ct.  and 
itc,  ip  regularly 
mnccticnt  river, 
om  Middletown, 
I NW.  from  New 
ce,  94  SE.  from 
n,  123  NE.  from 
,    Pop.  in  1820, 


6,901;  in  1830,  9,789,  including  the  city  and 
township.  It  contains  9  public  buildings,  among 
which  the  state-house  mattes  the  most  conspi- 
cuous figure,  and  9  churches.    One  of  the  Con- 
pi  egational  churches  i»  a  spacious  and  elegant 
building.     Tlic  asylum  of  tlie  deaf  and  dumb, 
a  mile  west  of  the  city,  on  Tower  Hill,  is  a 
building  creating  striking  interest.    It  was  es- 
tablished in  1817,  and  is  the  first  institution 
of  tlie  kind  in  Ameriea.     The  congress  of  the 
United  States  has  made  a  generous  grant  to 
the  asylum  of  more  than  2.3,()0()  acres  of  land ; 
and  the  legislatures  of  some  of  the  states  have 
made  approprintioiis  tor  the  supirart  of  pupils. 
The  success  of  the  institution  has  hitherto  been 
higiily  gratifying,  and  tJie  improvement  of  the 
pupils  li.is  equalled  tlie  most  sanguine  expecta- 
tions of  their  friends.     The  retreat  for  the  in- 
sane, a  little  south  of  the  town,  is  a  spacious 
Htone  building,  150  by  50  icct,  with  extensive 
grounds  for  the  unfortunate  patients.     Wash- 
ington  Episcopal  College   has    two  sjiacious 
stone  buildings.     It  was  Ibunded  in  I82U ;  it 
has  9  professors,  and  the  number  of  students 
ranges  from  70  to  100.     It  has  a  library  con- 
taining 6,200  volumes.    Commencement  is  on 
the  first  Wednesday  of  August     There   arc 
three  vacations  in  a  year ;  the  first,  from  com- 
mencement, 6  weeks ;   the   second,   2  weeks 
from  Thursday  before  Christmas  •  the  tliird,  3 
weeks  from  Thursday  bcfbre  20ta  of  A|»ril. — 
Hartford  has  a  respectable  anio^.-t  of  com- 
merce, and  numerous  manufactories.   Printing 
and  publishing  arc  carried  on  to  a  considerable 
extent.    It  has  daily  communication  with  New 
York  by  steam-boats  and  stages,  and  being  at 
the  head  of  slooj)  navigation,  carries  on  a  brisk 
trade  with  the  surrounding  country  and  places 
up  the  river. 

HARTFORD,  t.  Washington  eo.  N.  Y.  8  m. 
NE.  from  Sandy-hill,  54  N.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
',',420. 

HARTFORD,  t.  and  cap.  Pulaski  co.  Geo. 
on  tlie  Oakmulgee,  50  in.  from  Milledgeville, 
and  709  from  W. 

HARTFORD,  L  and  cap.  Ohio  co.  Ken. 
Here  is  a  bank.    Pop.  242. 

HARTFORD,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio. 

HARTFORD,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  8  m. 
VV.  of  Warren.    Pop.  859. 

HARTFORD,  t.  Dearborn  co.  Indiana. 

HARTLAND,  t.  Somerset  co.  Maine.  Pop. 
718. 

HARTLAND,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  on  Con- 
neeticut  river,  7  m.  above  Windsor.  Pop. 
8,503. 

HARTLAND,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct  22  m.  NW, 
from  Hartford.     Pop.  1,221. 

HARTLAND,  t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake 
Ontario.    Pop.  1,584. 

HARTLESS,  t.  Bedford  co.  Pa. 

HARTLETON,  t.  Union  co.  Pa. 

HARTLEYSTOWN,  t.  Union  co.  Pa. 
HART'S  STORE,  v.  Allwmarlc  co.  V. 

HARTSVILTiE,  v.  Bucks  eo.  Pa. 
HARTSVILLE,  v.  Smnner  co.  Ten. 
HARTVILLE,  or  Hollow,  v.  Dutchess  co. 
N.Y. 
HARTWICK,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 


SuBqueha:inali,  5  ni.  SW.  troni  Cooperirtowii, 
71  W.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,772.  In  1816,  a 
literary  and  Uieological  seminary  was  estab- 
lislied  here. 

HARVARD,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  20  m. 
NE.  from  Worcester.     Pop.  1,601. 
HARVEY,  v.  Greene  co.  Pa. 
HARVELL'S,  v.  Dinwiddle  co.  Va.  about 
.'15  m.  S.  from  Richmond. 

HARWIC;II,  t.  Kent  co.  U.C.  between  Lake 
Erie  and  the  river  Thames. 

HARWK^H,  t  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  on 
Barnstable  Bay,  9  m.  from  Chatham.  Pop. 
2,467. 

HARWINTON,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct  23  m. 
W.  from  Ilartlbrd.    Pop.  1,516. 

HASTE  RIVER  MILLS,  Culpcpcr  co. 
Va. 

HASTINGS,  CO.  U.  C.  opposite  the  Bay  of 
Quinte. 

HATBOROUGH,  v.  Montgomery  ca  Pa. 
17  ni.  N.  from  Philadelphia. 

HATCHERSVILLE,v.  Chesterfield  eo.  Va. 
11  m.  southwardly  from  Richmond. 

HATCHES,  v.  Onslow  co.  N.  C,  100  m,  NE. 
from  Raleigh. 

HATCHES,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 
HATCHY,  Big,  r.  Ten.  and  Mis.  rises  in 
the  latter,  and  flowing  NW.  enters  IMississippi 
river. 

HATFIELD,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  5  m. 
above  Northampton.     Pop.  893. 

HATFIELD,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  24  m. 
NNW.  from  Philadelphia.     Pop.  835. 

HATLEY,  t.  of  Richelieu  and  Buckingham 
cos.  L.  C.  on  Lakes  Memphreniagog,  Scaswa- 
ninepus,  and  Tomcfobi. 

HATTER  AS,  cape,  N.  C.  It  is  the  salient 
jxiiiit  of  a  very  long  reef  of  sand,  extending 
from  O(!racock  to  New  Inlet.  The  capo,  prop- 
erly so  called,  is  in  lat  35°  15'  N. 

HAUTE,  or  Holt,  isl.  the  southcrnmcst  of 
thj  large  islands  in  Penobscot  Bay,  Me. 

HAVANA,  city  and  s-p.  on  the  NW.  part 
of  Cuba,  2  miles  in  circumference,  and  the 
capital  of  the  island.  The  houses  are  elegant, 
built  of  stone,  and  the  churches  are  rich  and 
magnificent.  The  harbor  is  capable  of  con- 
taining upwards  of  1000  vessels,  and  the  en- 
trance  so  narrow  that  only  one  ship  can  enter 
at  a  time ;  it  is  defended  by  two  strong  forts, 
called  the  Moro  and  the  Puntal ;  tliere  are  also 
many  other  forts  and  platforms,  well  furnished 
with  artillery.  Here  all  the  ships  that  come 
from  the  Spanish  settlements  rendezvous  on 
their  return  to  Spain.  It  is  seated  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  harbor,  and  watered  by  two  branch- 
es of  the  river  Lagida.  Pop.  about  70,000. 
Lon.  from  W.  5°  2'  W. ;  lat.  23°  12'  N, 

HAVANA,  province  of  the  island  of  Cuba, 
comprising  the  sub-provinces  of  Matanzas, 
Trinidad,  Santa  Espirita,  Remedios,  and  Villa 
Clara.     Havana,  principal  city, 

HAVANA,  v.  Greene  co.  Al.  53  m.  SW. 
from  Tuscaloosa. 

HAVANA,  t.  Lauderdale  co.  Alabama,  on 

N.  bank  of  the  Tennessee,  9  m.  from  Florence. 

HAVERHILL,  t.  Graflon  co.  N.  H.  on  the 

Connecticut,  opposite  Newbury,  with  which  it 


iS'.j 


»; 


:..i 


288 


HAV— HEL 


l^n 


W     'l^ 


'  r 


in  connected  by  a  bridge ;  27  in.  N.  from  Dart- 
mouth Collecre,  31  in.  NNW.  from  Plymouth, 
119  m.  NW.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  2,153. 
In  the  SW.  part  of  the  town  there  is  a  hand, 
some  villa^  containing  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
an  academy,  a  Congregational  mccting-housc, 
and  is  a  place  of  considerable  business.  The 
courts  for  the  county  are  held  alternately  here, 
and  at  Plymouth.    Distance  from  W.  509  m. 

HAVETrHILL,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  at  the 
head  of  navigation  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Mer- 
rimack, 18  miles  from  its  moutli,  opposite  Brad- 
ford; 15  m.  WSW.  from  Ncwburyport,  18  m 
SSW.  from  Exeter,  19  m.  NNW.  from  Salem, 
30  m.  N.  from  Boston.  Pop.  3,912.  It  is  a 
pleasant  and  flourishing  town,  and  contains  a 
bank,  cotton  and  woollen  manufactories,  2 
printing-offices,  a  library  containing  about  800 
volumes,  and  several  houses  of  public  worship. 
The  river  is  navigable  to  this  place  for  vessels 
of  100  tons.  Here  is  an  elegant  bridge  across 
the  Merrimack.  It  has  considerable  manu- 
factures of  leather,  hats,  plated  ware,  &c.  and 
trades  largely  in  shoes,  and  it  has  an  extensive 
trade  with  tlic  back  country. 

HAVER  .STRAW,  t.  Rockland  oo.  N.  Y.  on 
W.  side  of  liic  Hudson ;  40  in.  N.  from  New- 
York.  Pop.  2,300.  Here  are  extensive  iron 
works,  and  an  academy. 

HAVRE  DE  GRACE,  t.  Harford  co.  Md. 
on  W.  side  of  the  Susquehannah,  at  its  conflu- 
ence with  Ihc  Chesapeake;  3fi  m.NE.from  Bal- 
timore, 64  m.  WSW.  from  Pliiladelphia.  It 
contains  a  bank,  and  is  a  j)lace  of  some  trade. 
Lat.  39°  33'  N. 

HAW,  r.  N.  C.  which  rises  near  the  N.  bor- 
der of  the  stiitc,  and  joins  Deep  river  to  form 
the  NW.  branch  of  Cape  Fear  river.  It  may 
be  easily  made  navigable  for  50  miles. 

HAW  RIVER,  v.  Orange  co.  N.C.'323  m. 
from  W. 

HAWK'S  BAY,  hay  on  the  coast  of  Ala- 
bama, westward  of  tlie  mouth  of  Mobile  bay, 
between  Pelican  and  Dauphin  islands. 

HAWKE,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  19  m. 
SW.  from  Portsmouth.     Pop.  528. 

HAWKESBURY,  t.  Prescott  co.  U.  C.  on 
the  Ottawa. 

HAWKESBURY  ISLAND,  isl.  on  the 
NW.  coast  of  America.    Lat.  53°  36'  N. 

HAWKINS,  CO.  East  Tennessee.  Pop. 
10,949.    Chief  town,  Rogersville. 

HAWKINSBURG,  t.  Shenandoah  co.  Va. 
HAWKSBILL  MILLS,  v.  Shenandoah  co. 
Va. 

HAWLEY,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass. ;  14  m. 
WSW.  from  Greenfield,  120  m.  WNW.  from 
Boston.    Pop.  1,037. 

HAY  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the 
SchuTlkill. 

HAY  SPRING,  V.  Campbell  co.  Ken. 
HAYCOCK,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa. 
HAYCOCK,  isl.  Pa.  in  the  Delaware ;  7  m. 
below  Easton. 

HAYMARKET,  v.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio, 
nn  the  E.  bank  of  the  Muskingum,  9  m.  above 
Zanesville. 

HAYMARKET,  v.  Prince  WiUiam  co.  Va.; 
38  m.  \\'SW.  from  Washington. 


the  W.  part  of  N.  C. 


HAYWOOD,  CO.  in 
Pop.  4,593. 

HAYWOOD,  western  co.  of  N.C.  bounded 
by  Geo.  S.  Ten.  NW.  and  Buncombe  E.  The 
great  body  of  the  co.  is  an  elevated  mountain 
valley.    Pop.  4,593. 

HAYWOOD,  C.  H.  Haywood  ca  N.  C.  293 
m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Raleigh,  and  549  in.  from 
W. 

HAYWOOD,  ca  Ten.  in  the  western  part  of 
the  state.  Pop.  5,356.  Brownville  is  the  capital. 
HAYWOOD,  C.  H.  v.  Haywood  co.  Ten. 
HAYWOODSBOROUGH,  t.  Chatham  co. 
N.  C.  at  the  confluence  of  the  Haw  and  Deep 
rivers,  about  38  ni.  N.  by  W.  from  Fayetteville. 
It  is  situated  near  the  centre  of  the  state. 

HAY'S  MILLS,  v.  Shenandoah  co.  Va.abont 
80  m.  W.  from  W. 

HAYSVILLE,  v.  Franklin  co.  N.  C. ;  46  m. 
NE.  from  Raleigh. 
HAZLE  GREEN,  v.  Madison  co.  Missouri. 
HAZLE  PATCH,  or  Rice's,  v.  Knox  co. 
Ken. 
HAZLETON'S  FERRY,  v.  Knox  co.  In. 
HAZARD,  or  Richmond  Bay,  in  Hndson'i 
bay.    Lon.  75°  50'  W. ;  lat.  56°  35'  N. 
HEAD  OF  CHESTER,  v.  Kent  co.  Md. 
HEAD  OF  COW  NECK,  v.  Queen's  ca 
N.  Y. 
HEAD  OF  SASSAFRAS,  v.  Kent  co.  Md. 
HEAD  OF  SEVERN,  v.  Ann-Arundcl  co. 
Md.  15  m.  S.  from  Baltimore. 

HEALTH,  SEAT  OF,  Granville  v.  N.  C; 
58  m.  NE.  from  Raleiffh. 

HEALTHY  COVE,  bay  of  the  island  of 
Jamoica,  on  S.  coast.  Lon.  77°  W. ;  lat.  17° 
44' N. 

HEART  LAKE,  lake,  N.  H. ;  20  m.  E.  from 
Stuart.     It  is  6  m.  long  and  3  broad. 

HEATH,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.;  12  m.NW. 
from  Greenfield,  125  WNW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,199. 

HEATH  POINT,  SE.  extremity  of  the 
island  of  Anticosti,  in  the  Gulf  of  St  Law- 
rencc. 
HEBE,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y. 
HEBRON,  t.  Oxford  co.  Maine;  9  m.  S. 
from  Paris,  1 50  m.  NNE.  from  Boston.  Fop. 
915.  It  contains  an  academy  and  a  woollen 
manufactory. 

HEBRON,  t.  Graflon  co.  N.  H. ;  8  m.  SW. 
from  Plymouth.    Pop.  583. 

HEBRON,  t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.;  20'm.  SE.  from 
Hartford.  Pop.  1,939.  It  contains  several 
Ciiiirpiipfi 

HEBlioN,  t  Washington  co.  N.  Y.;  8  m. 
N.  from  Salem.     Pop.  ,2685. 

HECTOR,  t.  Tompkins  oo.  N.  Y.;  10  m.S. 
from  Ovid.    Pop.  5,212. 

HECTOR  CAPE,  cape  on  the  NW.  coast 
of  America.    Lat.  51°  57'  20"  N. 

HELENA,  t.  and  cap.  Phillips  co.  Arkansas, 
on  the  Mississippi,  12  m.  below  the  St  Francis. 
HELLERSTOWN,  v.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 
4  m.  SE.  from  Bethlehem. 

HEI.LGATE,  strait,  in  East  river,  N.Y. ;  8 
m.  from  New- York,  between  the  islands  of 
Manhattan  and  Parsell.on  the  NW.  and  Lwtf 
Island  on  the  SE.     Here  are  numerous  whirl- 


HEM— HE  V 


289 


'.  p«t  of  N.  C. 

'N.C.  bounded 
combe  E.  The 
rated  mountain 

iodco.N.C.293 
ind  549  m.  from 

5  western  part  of 
He  is  Uie  capital. 
•wood  CO.  Ten. 
,  t.  Chatham  co. 
!  Haw  and  Devp 
rem  Fayetteville. 
of  the  state, 
doah  CO.  Va.  about 


ico.N.C.;46 


m. 


ison  CO.  Missouri. 
:e'8,  \.  Knox  co. 

V.  Knox  CO.  In. 
Bay,  in  Hudson's 
56°  35'  N. 
IT.  Kent  CO.  Md. 
K,  V.  Queen's  co. 

5,  V.  Kent  co.  Md. 
.  Ann-Arundcl  co. 

c. 

Granville  V.N.  C; 

of  the  island  of 
.  77°  W. ;  lat.  17° 

H.;  20m.E.from 
3  broad. 

Ma88.;12m.N\V. 
[.from  Boston.  Pop. 

extremity  of  the 
I  Gulf  of  St  Law. 

Y. 

.  Maine ;  9  m.  S. 
i-om  Boston.  Pop. 
Imy  and  a  woollen 

,N.  H.;  8m.SW. 

|ct.;20'm.SE.from 
containa   several 

Lnco.N.  Y.;8in. 

|(i).N.Y.;10m.S. 

I  on  the  NW.  coast 
_0"  N. 

lillips  CO.  Arkansas, 
[low  the  St  Francis, 
[orthampton  co.  Pa- 

East  river,  N.Y. ;  8 
fjem  the  islands  of 
the  NW.  and  Loitf 
Ire  numerous  whirl- 


pools, tlie  roaring  of  whieli,  ut  cirfuiii  timed  of 
ihe  title,  is  ireiiieiidoua.  Vessels  ol'  uuy  bur- 
den, ho*vt;ver,  may  be  conducted  llirougii  tlic 
strait  by  a  skiltul  i)ilQt. 

HEMLOCK,  lake,  in  Livonia,  N.  Y.  6  in. 
long  and  4  broad,  communicated  willi  lioncoy 
creek. 

HEMMINGFORD,  t  Huntin^rdon  co.  L.C. 
on  the  Province  line,  34  m.  S.  liom  .Alontreol. 

HfciMPFIELD,  V.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  3  m. 
VV.  from  Lancaster. 

IIE.MPST EAl),  t.  Queen's  co.  Long  Island, 
N.  Y.  '22  m.  E.  from  New  York.     Pop.  G,iiliJ. 

HEMPSTIOAD,  co.  Arkansas  Ter.  on  Red 
river.     Pop.  1,423.     Chief  town,  Arkansas. 

HK.MPSTEAD  FOUT,  ."\lis.  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  Missouri,  2A  m.  above  Franklin. 

IIKMPSTEAD  PLAIN,  on  Lon<r  Island, 
N.  Y.  in  Qiioens  co.  l.j  ni.  lonfj  and  4  broad. 

HEN  AND  CHICKENS,  group  o.'"  small 
islands  in  the  \V.  part  of  Lalce  Eric,  and  N. 
from  tiie  liass  Islands. 

IIENDEIiSON,  t  Jc.Terson  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Like  Ontario.     Pop.  2,423. 

HENDERSON,  co.  Ken,  bounded  by  Ohio 
river  N.  Davies  co.  E.  Hopkins  S.  and  Union 
W.    Pop.  6,61!).    Chief  town,  lleiidirson. 

HENDERSON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Hen- 
derson CO.  Ken.  on  the  lefl  bank  of  Onio  river. 
Pop.  4S3. 

HENDERSON,  t  York  co.  S.  C. 

HENDERSON,  t  Huntingdon  co.  Pa. 
Po,).  1,073. 

HENDERSON,  v.  Monlgomorv  co.  N.  C. 

HENDERSON,  co.  Tcim.  bounded  by  liar- 
din  S.  Miidison  VV.  Cirroll  N.  iind  Perry  E. 
Pop.  8,741.    Chief  town,  licviugion. 

HENDERSON'S  STORE,  v.  Botetourt  co. 
Vii.  2,)6  ni.  W.  from  IliclimoiiJ. 

HENDERSONTON,  t.  and  cip.  Montgom- 
ery  co.  N.  C. 

HENDERSONVILLE,  Nottaway  co.  Va. 
on  Little  Nottaway  river. 

HENDERSON  VILLE,or  Henderson's  Fr.. 
ry,  v.  Nswbury  district,  S.  C.  30  m.  above  (.Co- 
lumbia. 

HENDERSONVILLE,  v.  in  Sumner  co. 
Ten.  20  m.  from  Nashville. 

HENDRICK'S  STORE,  Bedford  co.  Va. 
177  m.  VV,  from  Richmond. 

HENDRICKSVILLE,  v.  Westmoreland  co. 
Pa. 

HENLEY-HOUSE,  station  of  Uie  Hudson 
Bay  company,  on  Albany  river. 

HENLOPEN,  Cape,  Del.  the  SW.  point  at 
the  entrance  of  Delaware  Bay,  28  m.  from 
(■ape  May.  Lon.  75=  6'  VV.;  lat  33=  47'  N. 
Hero  is  a  lighthouse. 

HENNIKER,  t  Merrimack  co.  N.  H.  13 
m.  VV.  from  Concord.     Pop.  1,725. 

HENRICO,  CO.  Va.  Pop.  28,798.  Chief 
town,  Richmond. 

HENRIETTA,  t  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  on  Gen- 
eiee  river.    Pop.  2,302. 

HENRY,  CO.  Va.  Pop.  7,100.  Chief  town, 
Martinsville. 

HENRY,  Cape,  Va.  the  S.  point  at  the  en- 
trince  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  12  m.  S.  from  Cape 
Charles.    Lon.  76=  W. ;  lat.  36^  58'  N. 
2M 


HEN'1{  V,  co.< .'eo.  bounded  by Gwinnet  NW. 
Nt,;\tou  NL.  JasKcr  and  Jones  E.  Fayette  S. 
anil  i'Unt  river  \V.  Pop.  10,567,  Cliief  town, 
.M'Donodgli. 

HKNIfV,  V,  Henry  co.  Geo.  67  m.  NW.  by 
VV.  lioMi  y[  .liilgevillc. 

HENRY,  (0.  Ken,  Imunded  by  Jefferson 
SVV,  Oiiio  river  W,  Gallatin  N,  and  NE.  Ken- 
tucky  river,  or  Owen  co.  E.  and  Shelby  S. 
Pop.  11,3J5.    Ciiicf  tosvn,  Newcastle. 

IIENRY,  CO.  Ohio,  in  New  Purchase,  bound- 
ed N.  by  the  territory  of  Michigan,  E.  by  Wood, 
S.  by  Putnam.andVV.  by  Williams.  Pop.  260. 
Chief  town,  Damascus. 

HENRY,  SE.  CO.  of  Al.  bounded  by  Cha- 
tahfxjchc  river  E.  Florida  S.  Covington  W.  and 
Pike  N.  Po[).  in  lt520,  2,63d;  in  1b30,  3,955. 
Columbia  is  the  chief  town. 

IIENRY,  V,  Henry  co,  Al. 

HENRY,  Cross  Roads,  v.  Sevier  co.  Ten. 
200  m.  E,  from  Murfrccsborough. 

HENRY  POINT,  the  E.  point  of  Haldiman 
Cove,  U.  C. 

HENSHAW,  t  in  the  NW.  part  of  Trum- 
bviU  CO.  Ohio. 

IiERCUL.\NEUM,  t  Miso.  near  the  Mis- 
sissippi,  21  m,  above  St  Genevieve,  30  S.  from 
St  Louis.  Here  is  a  shot  manufactory.  This 
town  is  the  storehouse  of  the  lead-mines,  which 
are  45  m.  W.  from  this  place.  It  is  950  ni. 
li-om  W. 

HEREFORD,  t.  Buckingham  co.  L.  C.  on 
the  head  waters  of  Connecticut  river. 

HEREFORD,  v.  Baltimore  co.  Md. 

HERKIMER,  co.  central  part  of  N.  Y. 
bounded  N.  by  St.  Lawrence  co.  E.  by  Hamil- 
ton, S.  by  Otsego,  and  VV.  by  Oneida  and  Lewis. 
Pop.  in  "le2l>,  31,017 ;  in  1830,  55,869.  Chief 
town,  Herkimer. 

HER  K  LVIER,  t  and  cap.  Herkimer  co.  N.Y. 
on  tile  N.  side  of  the  Mohawk,  20  m.  E.  from 
Utiea,  78  VV,  from  Albany,  Pop.  2,486.  The 
principal  village  is  situated  at  a  little  distance 
troiii  the  entrance  of  West  Canada  Creek  into 
the  Moliuwk.  Little  P'lats,  another  consider. 
!iLle  village,  is  7  m.  W.  At  this  village  there 
is  a  canal  with  8  locks.  Distance  from  W. 
3;i2  m. 

HERMAN'S  STATION,  v.  Ken.  on  a 
branch  of  Sandy  r.  18  m.  S.  from  Balclutha. . 

HERMITAGE,  v.  Prince  Edward  co.  Va. 
£28  m.  from  VV. 

IIERMON,  t  Penobscot  co.  Me.  7  m.  W. 
from  iJanijor.    Pop.  535. 

HERNDORSVILLE,  t  Scott  co.  Ken.  33 
m.  NE.  from  Frankfort 

HERON  CREEK,  creek,  Mass.  W.  of  Capo 
Malabar. 

HERRING  BAY,  bay,  Md.  on  W.  side  of 
the  Chesapeake,  15  m.  S,  from  Annapolis. 

HERTFORD,  co.  NE.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
8,541.    Chief  town,  Winton. 

HERTb'ORD,  t.  and  cap.  Perquimans  co. 
N.  C,  on  Perquimans  river,  15  m.  NNE.  from 
Edenton,  267  frbm  W. 

HERTFORD,  co.  L.  C.  on  the  right  side  of 
the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  the  island  of  Or- 
leans. 

HEY,  Poitit,  the  NW,  point  of  Comptroller's 


..Hi 


290 


HIA-HIL 


(i 


' ..  '1 


Bay,  on  the  NW.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  215° 
45'  E.;  lat.  60°11'N. 

HIAQUI,  river  of  Mu.iico,  in  Sonora  y  Si- 
nalou,  fullu  into  tlic  ('iilf  of  (/ulilijrnia,  alter  a 
course  of  400  rii.    iMoutli  at  lat.  21  ^  30'  N. 

IIIATS'l'OWN,  V.  iMiiicliestx  co.  N.  J.  on 
the  head  of  Mill-stone  river,  13  in.  NE.  from 
Trenton. 

IIIBERNI.\,  V.  Callowiiy  co.  Miso.  about 
100  m.  by  land  W.  from  St.  Loui^. 

HiCKES'  KEYS,  inlets,  in  the  bay  of  Hon- 
duras.   Lon.  88^  51'  W.;  lat.  17°  10'  N. 

HICK.M  AN,  SW.  CO.  of  Ken.  on  .Mississippi 
river,  bounded  N.  by  liravcs,  E.  by  (/'alloway 
and  M'Craken,  and  S.  by  the  static  of  Tennes- 
see. Pop.  5,1  H3.  Clinton  and  Columbus  are 
tlio  chief  towns. 

HICKMAN,  eo.  East  Tennessee,  on  Duck 
river.     Pop.  8,13:2.    CMiief  town,  Vernon. 

HICKMAN'S  CREEK,  r.  Smith  co.  Ten. 
which  falls  into  Caney  Fork,  ti  ni.  above  its 
mouth. 

HICKMAN'S  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  whicli  runs 
into  the  river  Kentucky. 

HICKORY,  t.  Venang-o  co.  Pa.  on  the  Alle- 
ghany, 90  m.  NE.  from  Franklin. 

HICKORY,  or  Mount  Pleasant,  v.  Wash- 
ington  CO.  Pa.  11  m.  NNW.  Irom  Washington, 
the  seat  of  justice  for  the  county. 

HICKORY  CREEK,  t.  on  a  smaU  stream 
of  that  name,  flowing  into  Caney  Fork,  branch 
of  Cumberland  river,  Warren  eo.  Ten.  35  m. 
SE.  by  E.  from  Murfrecsborough. 

HICKORY  FLATS,  t.  Madison  co.  Mis. 

HICKORY  GROVE,  Abbeville  district,S.C. 

HICKORY  GROVE,  v.  Ilenrv  co.  Geo. 
about  70  ni.  NW.  by  W.  from  MilledgeviUe. 

HICKORY  GROVE,  v.  Montgomery  co. 
Miso.  53  m.  W.  from  St  Louis. 

HICKORY  HILL,  Beaufort  district,  S.  C. 

HICKSFORD,  V.  Greenville  co.  Va.  on  the 
S.  side  of  Meherin  river,  6ii  ni.  S.  from  Rich- 
mond. 

HIGGIN'S  POINT,  NW.  coas'.  of  America. 
Lon.  228°  25'  E.;  lat.  55°  27'  N. 

HIGGINSPORT,  v.  Brown  co.  Ohio,  on 
Ohio  river,  4  m.  below  Ripley.     Pop.  129. 

HIGHGATE,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  in  NW. 
corner  of  the  state,  on  Lake  Champlain;  40  m. 
N.  from  Burlington.  Pop.  1,129.  This  town 
has  iron  works,  and  considerable  trade  in 
lumber. 

HIGHLAND,  co.  SW.  part  of  Ohio.  Pop. 
16,347.    Chief  town,  Hillsborough. 

HIGHLAND,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  15 
m.  NE.  from  Zanesville.     Pop.  820. 

HIGHLANDS,  a  mountainous  tract  in  N.Y. 
through  which  the  Hudson  flows.  The  loftiest 
summits  arc  Thunderhill,  St.  Anthony's  Nose, 
Sugar-loaf,  Butter-hill,  and  Breakneck-hill.  The 
passage  of  tiie  Hudson  through  the  Highlands 
is  remarkably  grand,  being  18  miles. 

HIGHLAND  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs 
into  the  Ohio,  lon.  82°  22'  W.;  lat.  37=  32'  N. 

HIGH  PEAK,  iieak  of  the  Catskill  moun- 
tains,  N.  Y.    Height  3,487  leet. 

HIGH  ROCK,  v.  Rockingham  co.  N.C. 

HIGH  SHOALS,  v.  Clark  co.  Geo. 


HIGHTSTOWN,  v.  Middlesex  co.  N.J.  on 
a  branch  of  Mill  river,  by  postroad  19  m.  NE. 
from  Trenton,  and  25  a  little  W.  of  8.  from 
New  linmnwick. 

HIGl'EY,  t.  St  Domingo,  80  m.  E.  from 
St  Domingo.     Pop.  3,.'i00. 

HILL'S  BAY,  bay,  in  Chcsapcike  Bay. 
Lon.  76^  20'  W. ;  lat.  37°  32'  N. 

HILL  CREEK,  r.  Md.  which  runs  intothe^ 
Potontac.     Lon.  78^  23'  W. ;  lat  39°  40'  N. 

HILLHA.M,  t  Overton  co.  Ten.  699  m. 
from  W. 

HILLIAR,  t  Knox  co.  Ohio. 

IHLLIARDSTOWN,  v.  Nash  co.  N.  C.  by 
postroad  70  m.  NE.  from  Raleigh. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  co.  south  part  of  N.H. 
bounded  N.  by  Grafton  co.  E.  by  Strafford  and 
Rockingham  cos.  S.  by  Massachusetts,  and  W. 
by  Cheshire  CO.  Pop.  37,762.  Chief  town.  Am- 
licrst. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  t.  Hillsborough  co. 
N.  IT. ;  13  m.  WSW.  from  Hopkinton,  20  W. 
from  Concord.     Pop,  1,792. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  t  Westmoreland  co. 
New  Brunswick. 

HILLSBORt^IIGH,  t  Madison  co.  Ala. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  t  Orange  co.  Indiana. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  t  Somerset  co.  N.J 
18  m.  N.  from  Trenton.    Pop.  2,878. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  v.  Caroline  co.  Md.  27 
m.  SSW.  from  Chester,  79  from  W. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  v.  Loudon  co.  Va.  8  iii. 
NNW.  from  Lecsburg,  51  from  W. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  v.  Culpeper  co.  Va. 
104  m.  from  W. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  t  and  cap.  Highland 
CO.  Ohio,  36  m.  W.  by  S.  from  Chillicothe,  oi 
SW.  from  Columbus,  and  441  from  W.  Pop. 
564. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  t.  and  cap.  Orange  co. 
N.  C.  on  the  Eno;  30  m.  NW.  from  Raleigh, 
110  ENE.  from  Salisbury,  180  WNW.  from 
Newbcrn.  It  is  situated  in  an  elevated,  fertile, 
and  healthy  country,  and  contains  a  court, 
house,  a  jail,  and  an  academy.  Distance  from 
W.  296  miles. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  r.  Florida,  whicli  runs 
into  the  Gulf  of  Florida.  Lon.  81°  30'  VV.; 
lat  28=  36'  N. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  or  Espiritu  Santo  Tain- 
pa,  bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Florida.    It  is 
the  most  spacious  bay  on  that  coast ;  60  in. 
from  Lake  George.    liOn.  83°  W.;  lat  27 
36'  N. 

HILLSBOROUGH  BAY,  bay,  on  the  N 
coast  of  Dominica.  Lon.  61°  22'  W. ;  lat  15 
42  N. 

HILLSBOROUGH  BAY,  bay,  on  the  S. 
coast  of  the  island  of  St.  John.  Lon.  62°  40 
W.;  lat  46°  10'  N.    • 

HILLSBOROUGH,  v.  Jasper  co.  Geo.  59  ni 
NW.  from  MilledgeviUe. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  v.  Washington  co.  Pa 
on  the  U.  S.  turnpike  road,  almost  exactly  mid 
distance  between  Washington  and  Brownsville. 
11  m.  from  each. 

HILLSBOROUGH,  v.  Franklin  eo.  Ton 
60  m.  SSE.  from  Murfrecsborough. 


IIIL-HOL 


291 


o,  80  m.  E.  from 


CO.  Ten.  699  m. 


Westmoreland  co. 


.  Washington  co.  Pa 
d,  almost  exactly  mid 
,glon  and  Brownsvilk. 


HITJ.SBOROUdn,  V.  IMontgomt-ry  co.  II. 
25  ni.  NW.  from  Unadilla. 

HITJ.SBRIUGR,  V.Halifax  co.  N.  C.  llfi 
m.  NI'I.  I'roni  Uulcigl). 

HlLF,SI)AF,i:,  1. 1  oiiimbia  co.  N.  Y.  18  m. 
SK.  of  tlio  city  of  fliidwtn.     Pop.  2,.')  1(5. 

IIIIJ/S  S"'i'(|I{K,  V.  H.Midoljjh  CO.  N.  C. 
about  filt  rn.  W.  from  Kniciuh. 

lULLTON,  V.  Charlrs  co.  Md. 

H I  r,r,.T(  )]\  V.  Charlc!.  no.  Md  14  m.  from  W. 

niLI/roN  HEAD,  island  on  the  coast  of 
S.  C.  near  the  mouth  of  S.ivnnnah  river.  Lon. 
80-20'  W.;  lat.  :W^  lU'  N. 

HILTON  HEAD,  raix-  on  E.  coaet  of 
Trtiicli's  Island,  at  going  into  Portland  eii- 
tranre.     Lon.  tiiP  W  W. ;  lat.  32^  16'  N. 

HILTON'S  POINT,  on  Piscataijua  river, 
the  SE.  point  of  the  town  of  Dover,  1  m.  from 
the  sea. 

HILLTOWN,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa. 

HINCHINBROOK,  island  of  America,  in 
Prince  William's  Jiwund,  on  which  the  Rus- 
sians have  a  factory. 

HINCIIA,  V.  St  Domingo,  at  the  mouth  of 
Guayamueo,  64  m.  NW.  from  St.  Domingo,  in 
N.  lat.  19^  3'. 

HINCHLNBROKE,  Cape,  on  the  NW. 
coast  of  America,  at  the  entrance  of  Prince 
William's  Sound.  Lon.  SIS^  56'  E. ;  lat.  60= 
16i'  N. 

HINCHINBROOK,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  L.C. 
on  the  Province  line,  40  m.  SW.  from  Mont- 
real. 

HINCHINBROOK,  t.  Frontenac  co.  U.  C. 

HINCHINBROOK  LSLAND,  isl.  on  the 
NW.  coast  of  America,  in  Prince  William's 
Sound,  about  50  m.  in  circumference.  Lon. 
213=  50'  to  214=  24'  E. ;  lat.  60=  24'  N. 

HINESBURG,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  12  m. 
SE.  froni  Burlington.     Pop.  1,669. 

HINESVILLE,  v.  Patrick  co.  Va.  280  rn. 
SW.  by  W.  from  Richmond. 

HINGHAM,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  14  m. 
SE.  from  Boston,  455  from  W.  Pop.  3,357.  It 
lies  on  S.  side  of  Boston  harbor,  is  a  very 
pleasant  town,  and  contains  several  churches, 
a  woollen  manufactory,  and  a  well-endowed 
academy. 

HINKLEY,  V.  Medina  co.  Ohio,  about  100 
m.  N.  from  Columbus, 

HINKSON'S,  t.  Boone  co.  Miso.  102  m.  W. 
from  St.  Charles. 

HINKLETOWN,  v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  128 
m.  from  W. 

HINSDALE,  v.  Cataraugus  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Olean  creek,  10  m.  N.  from  Hamilton,  on  Al- 
leghany river.     Pop.  919. 

HINSDALE,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  on  the 
Connecticut ;  15  m.  SW.  from  Keene.  Pop. 
937. 

HINSDALE,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  15  m. 
NNW.  from  Lenox,  130  W.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
780. 

HIRAM,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  34  m.  SW.  from 
Paris,  160  NNE.  from  Boston.    Pop.  1,026. 

HIRAM,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  517. 

HIWASSEE,  r.  in  the  country  of  the  Cher- 
okees.  It  rises  in  Georgia,  flows  into  Ten- 
nessee, and  joins  the  Tennessee  river  about 


12  m.  SW.  from  Washington,  near  Hiwasjce 
garrison. 

HOBART  POINT,  the  NW.  iwint  at  the 
entrance  into  Port  Houghton,  on  the  NW. 
const  of  .America.     Lat.  57  '  17    N. 

HOBOKKN,v.  Brrgrnco.  N.  .1.  (m  the  Hud- 
son,  7  ni.  aimvc  New  ^'ork. 

IKKCANl'M,  r.  Ct.  which  runs  into  the 
( "onnceticut  ut  I  .ast  I  lartford,  a!id  atlbrds  many 
mill-scats. 

IRK'KHOCKIXC,  r.  Ohio,  which  rises  in 
I  Fairfield  co.  and  runs  into  the  Ohio  at  Troy, 
1 25  m.  below  .Alarictta,  150  aliovc  the  mouth  of 
I  tile  Scioto,  and  is  navig.ililc  tor  Itoats  to  Athens, 
'40  m.  from  its  mouth.    It  has  a  deep  and  still, 
j  but  narrow  chunncl.    Near  it.s  source,  7  m.  N. 
;  of  Lancaster,  is  a  romantic  cascade  ol'  40  feet 
|)erpcndicular.    It  has  a  numhcr  of  mills  enact- 
ed on  it.     Its  chief  tributaries  an?  Hush,  Sun- 
day, .Monday,  Margaret's,  and  Federal  creeks. 

HOCKHOCKLXG,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio. 
Po]).  3,07! I. 

HOCK  I NG,  CO.  Ohio.  Chief  town,  Logan. 
Pop.  4,008. 

HOGANSnURG,  v.  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.; 
267  m.  NNW.  from  Albany. 

HOGAN'S  CORNER,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y. , 
77  m.  from  Albany. 

HOGESTOWN,  v.  Cumberland  co.  Pa. 

HOG  ISLAND,  isl.  in  Narraganset  Bay, 
R.  I.  2  m.  in  circuit;  2  m.  SW.  from  Bristol. 

HOG  ISIiAND,  small  isl.  in  Pamlico  Sound, 
near  the  coast  of  N.  C-.  Lon.  76=  36'  W. ;  lat. 
34=  56'  N. 

HOG  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  the  AUantic, 
near  the  coast  of  Va.     Lat.  37°  30'  N. 

HOG  ISLAND,  below  Peach  Island,  is  sit- 
uated in  the  Strait  of  Detroit,  where  it  opens 
into  Lake  St.  Clair. 

HOG  ISLAND,  island  of  Lake  Champlain, 
forming  part  of  Franklin  co. 

HOKESVILLE,  t.  Lincoln  co.  N.  C. 

HOLDEN,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.;  6  m. 
NNW.  from  Worcester,  46  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,718. 

HOLDERNESS,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.on  E. 
side  of  the  Merrimack ;  5  m.  E.  from  Ply- 
mouth.   Pop.  1,409. 

HOLE  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into 
tlie  E.  side  of  the  Miami,  in  Montgomery  co. 

HOLE  IN  THE  WALL,  v.  Talbot  co, 
Md.  on  E.  shore :  7  m.  S,  from  Easton. 

HOLE  IN  THE  WALL,  remarkable  rock 
in  the  W.  Indies,  in  the  island  of  Abaco,  Lat. 
25=  50'  N. 

HOLE  TOWN,  t  Barbadoes.  Lon.  58°  31' 
W. ;  lat.  13=  12'  N. 

HOLLA  DA  YSBURG,  v.  Huntingdon  co. 
Pa. ;  3  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Frankstown. 

HOLL  AN  D,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt ;  68  m,  NNE. 
from  Montpelier,     Pop.  422, 

HOLLAND,  t,  Hampden  co,  Mass. ;  20  ni, 
ESE.  from  Springfield,  75  WSW,  from  Boston, 
Pop.  453. 

HOLLAND,  New,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa, ;  12 
m.  ENE.  from  Lancaster,  54  m.  WNW,  from 
Philadelphia. 

HOLLAND,  t.  Erie  co.  N,  Y, ;  20  m.  SE. 
from  Buffalo.    Pop.  1,070, 


202 


IIOI^IIOI» 


HOLLAND  ISLANDS,  in  Chesapcnkc  «ny, 
Md.  N.  of  Smith's  IhIuikJ,  and  \V.  of  Fishinp 
Itay. 

HOLLAND'S  POINT,  cape  on  tlio  coast 
of  Mnrylnnd,  in  tlir  (^hcH.ipoukc ;  28  m.  S.  from 
Annapolis.    Loii.  7fP  40'  W.;  lat.  38°  42'  N. 

HOLLRNniX'K'S,  v.  Berkshire  co.  Mass. ; 
152  m.  W.  from  IJostoii. 

HOLLEY'S  CIJKKK,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs 
into  the  Saiudn,  Iw.  8P  29'  W. ;  lat.  34"^  4'  N. 

IIOLLIDAY  COVF,  v.  Rrookc  co.  Va.;  30 
m.  W.  from  Wnshingfnn,  !'n. 

HOLLINUSWOHTirS  FARM,  v.  Ilabrr- 
sham  CO.  (iro.;  137  m.  N.  from  Millcdprvilic. 

HOLLINSWORTirS  FERRY,  v.  Madi- 
son  CO.  Va. 

MOLLIS,  or  Pliillipsbnrtr,  t.  York  co.  INIc. 
on  the  Snco;  42  nt.  NNE.  from  York,  124 
NNE.  from  Boston,  5G7  from  VV.     Po-i.  2,273. 

HOLLIS,  t.  Hilislioroiieh  co.  N.  H. ;  H  m. 
S.  from  Amherst,  40  NVV.  from  Boston.  Po]). 
1,.501. 

HOLLISTON,  t.  !\Iiddlcscx  co.  Mass.;  27 
m.  SW.  from  Boston.     Pop.  1,304. 

HOLLOW,  V.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 

HOIAIES,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me 


HOMER,   t.  C'ortlandt   co.  N.  Y.  on  the 

Tiouphniopn ;  20  w.  S.  fi-om  ( >nondaga,  145 
VV.  from  Albany.     Pop.  .3,306. 

HOMEF{,  t.  Athf-nH  ro.  Ohio.     Pop.  G36. 

HOAIOCHITTO,  r.  Mis.  which  runs  SW. 
and  flows  into  the  MissiKsippi  between  Adams 
and  Wilkinson  ros.  above  Fort  Adams. 

IIOXD.A,  Boy  of,  on  tlic  coast  of  S.  Ameri- 
ca, in  Santa  Miirtba.  Ix)n.  71°  6'  W.;  lat. 
12^  N. 

HONDA  BAY,  bay  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Cuba,  70  m.  W.  from  Havana.  Lon.  83°  25' 
W. ;  l:it.  22-  r>^'  N. 

HONDA  BAY,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Hon- 
duras,  N.  of  Cape  (Gracilis  a  Dios. 

HONDO,  r.  ;\Io.\iro,  in  Texas,  which  runs 
SSE.  and  rntors  tin  b,iv  of  Mexico. 

HONDURAS,  t.  C'liba,  K3  m.  NE.  from 
Baynmo.    Lon.  76^  4'  W. ;  Int.  2P  21'  N. 

HON  DUR  AS,  province  of  (iuatimala, bound- 
cd  N.  by  tlio  bay  of  Honduras,  W.  by  Vtra 
Paz,  E.  by  the  Caribbean  sea,  and  S.  by  the 
province  of  Nicarajjua.  It  is  390  miles  long 
from  E.  to  W.  and  1.50  from  N.  to  S.  They 
have  three  crops  of  maize  in  the  year.  Honey, 
wool,  cotton,  wax,  mahofrany,  and  lojj-wood, 


HOLMES'S  HOLE,  a  safo  and  commodious  with  other  dyeing' drujjs,  are  its  chief  products. 


harbor  on  N.  side  of  Martha's  Vineyard,  in  the 
township  of  Tisbury ;  80  m.  SSE.  from  Bos. ' 
ton.  It  is  tbrmed  by  West  and  East  Chops ; 
the  former  of  which  is  2^,  and  the  latter  2  m. 
from  the  head  of  the  harbor.  The  points  are 
2i  m.  apart.    The  depth  of  water  is  from  3^ 


HONDURAS,  Bay  of,a  hr^e^  bay  of  North 
America,  formed  by  the  coast  of  the  province 
of  Honduras  on  the  S.  and  that  of  Yucatan  on 
the  VV.  It  is  well  known  from  the  settlements 
which  the  British  have  made  in  it,  for  the  cut- 
i'mp;  down  of  mahogany  and  dye-woods.     The 


to  8  fathoms.    From  20  to  70  vessels  hound  to!  princijial  is  the  town  of  Balizc,  on  the  coast  of 
Boston,  or  the  eastward,  are  frequently  seen     ~ 
here  wnitinjr  for  a   fair  wind.     From   about 
1,000  to  1,200  sail  anchor  here  in  the  course 
of  a  year. 

HOLMESBURG,  t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa.; 
9  m.  NE.  from  Philadelphia. 

HOLMESVILLE,  t.  Pike  co.Miso.  Pop.  71. 

HOLSTON,  r.  Tennessee,  which  rises  in 

Virginia,  runs  SW.  and  joins  the  Tennessee 

22  m.  below  Knoxville.    It  is  200  ni.  long, 

and  navigable  for  boats  of  25  tons  100  m. 

HOL'T,  Isle  of,  or  Haute,  ial.  on  E.  side  of 
Penobscot  Bay,  Me.;  18  m.  E.  from  Owl's 
Head.     I,on.  58°  40'  W. ;  lat  44°  4'  N. 

HOLT'S  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs  into 
the  river  Kentucky,  lon.  94°  18' W.;  lat.  38° 
37' N. 

HOLT'S  STORE,  v.  M'Minn  co.  Ten. ; 
157  m.  from  Murfreeeborough. 

HOLYOKE,  mt  Mass.  in  Hadley;  3  m. 
ESE.  from  Northampton ;  830  feet  above  the 
surface  of  the  Connecticut  river.  The  top  of 
this  mountain  affords  an  extensive  and  beauti- 
ful view  of  the  surrounding  country.  In  a 
clear  day,  one  may  here  see  the  elevated  peaks 
of  New  Hampshire,  the  Catskill  Mountains  of 
New  York,  and  the  river  as  far  as  Middle- 
town.  On  the  W.  side  there  are  basaltic  col- 
umns similar  to  those  of  the  Giant's  Causeway, 
A  road  has  been  made  to  the  summit  of  the 
mountain,  and  it  has  become  a  place  of  resort 
for  parties  of  pleasure,  and  admirers  of  natural 
scenery. 

HOME,  district,  U.  Canada,  comprising  the 
counties  of  York  and  Simcoe. 


Yucatan,  at  the  mouth  of  Balize  river. 

HONDURAS  CAPE,  or  Punta  de  Custilla, 
cape,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Honduras. 
Lon.  8fi='16'VV.;  lat.  16^  N. 

HONEYVILLE,  v.  Shenandoah  co.  Va. 

HONEY  CREEK,  Ohio,  which  runs  into 
Sandusky  river,  15  m.  from  Upper  Sandusky. 

HONEY  CREEK,  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  outlet 
of  a  lake  of  the  same  name. 

HONEY  CREEK,  In.  runs  into  the  E.  side 
of  the  Wabash,  below  Fort  Harrison. 

HOOKSETT  FALLS,  and  v.  Merrimack 
CO.  "N.  H.  8  m.  below  Concord.     Pop.  880. 

HOOKSTOWN,  v.  Beaver  co.  Pa. 

HOOKSTOWN,  V.  Md.  6  m.  NW.  from 
Baltimore,  and  on  the  road  to  Reisterstown. 

HOOKSTOWN,  Greene  co.  N.  C. 

HOOKSTOWN,  Talbot  co.  Md.;  3  m.  N. 
from  Easton. 

HOOPER'S  CROSS-ROADS,  v.  Bedford 
CO.  Ten. ;  70  m.  southwardly  from  Murfrees- 
borough. 

HOOPER'S  ISLAND,  E.  side  of  the  Chesa- 
peake,  in  Dorchester  co.  Md. ;  E.  of  the  mouth 
of  the  Patuxent. 

HOOSACK,  one  of  the  most  elevated  sum- 
mits of  the  Green  mountain  range,  in  Wil- 
liamstown,  Berkshire  co.  Mass. 

HOOSACK  RIVER,  rises  in  Bennington 
CO.  Vt.  and  falls  into  tlic  Hudson,  8  m.  above 
Waterford. 

HOOSACK,  t.  of  Rensselear  co.  N.  Y. ;  30 
m.  N.  of  Albany,  on  the  EL  side  of  Hudson 
river.    Pop.  3,582. 

HOPE,  t  Gaspe  ca  L.  C.  on  Chaleur  Bay. 


nop— Hou 


203 


sideoftheChesa- 
E.  of  the  mouth 


s  in  Bennington 
idson,  8  m.  above 


on  Chaleur  Bay. 


HOPE,  t.  Durham  co.  U.  Canada,  on  Lake 
Ontario. 

HOPE,  t.  Wnldo  po.  Mc;  35  m.  NE.  from 
Wisc.isst.     Pop.  1,.';41. 

IIOI'R,  wnull  isl.  Rhode  Island,  in  Narrn- 
gan-ipt  Ray. 

WorK,  t.  Hiiinilton  ro.  N.  Y.     Pop.  781. 

IIOPK,  t.  Sussex  ro.  \.  .1. 

llOPi'I,  Iwv,  on  th(!  XW.  roast  of  Amrrica.  j 
F,nt.  l  P  .1.T  N. 

HOPE,  t.  Wnrrcn  co.  .\.  .T.  a  snail  Morn-' 
vim  srttlfnicnt,  xJ:J  m.  N  R.  of  KuRton,  P;i.         ■ 

HOPFiDAr.K,  one  of  th.-;  missionary  settle,  j 
monts  of  tlic  United  Mrethreii,  oii  tlio  coast  of 
Labr  idnr,  S.  of  Okiuik. 

n0Pt:FIKl.I),t.  Pliillips  CO.  Arkansas  Tcr-l 
rilnrv,  on  the  .'Mississippi,  opi>0'ilc  (^liickiisaw' 
Blutls. 

HOPEWEIJ,,  t.  of  New  Brunswick,  in 
Wc'Ptmoreliind  co.  on  anniall  river  flowing  into 
the  Bay  of  Fmidy. 

HOPEWELL,  V.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  between 
Canand:iic:un  and  Geneva.     Pop.  :J,i2n2. 

HOPEWELL,  t.Cuml)erland  co.i\.J.  Pop. 
1,9,5.3. 

HOPEWELL,  t  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  on 
the  NE.  side  of  the  river  Delaware;  14  m.  E. 
of  Princeton.     Pop.  3,151. 

HOPEWELL,  t  Washinjrton  co.  Pa.  about 
14  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  W. 

HOPEWELL,  V.  York  district,  S.  C. 

HOPEWELL,  t  Licking  co.  Oliio.  Pop. 
999. 

HOPEWELL,  t.  Perry  co.  Ohio ;  5  m.  x\. 
from  Somerset     Pop.  1,510. 

HOPEWELL,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio ;  10 
m.  from  Zanesvillc. 

HOPKINS,  CO.  Ken.  Pop.  .'5,763.  Chief 
town,  Madisonville. 

HOPKINS,  Point,  cape  on  the  NW.  coast 
of  America.     Lat  53=  5'  N. 

HOPKINSVILLE,  v.  Warren  co.  Ohio. 

HOPKINSVILLE,  v.  Powhatan  co.  Va. 

HOPKINSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Christian  eo. 
Ken.  The  public  buildings  arc  a  court-house, 
jail,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  1,263. 

HOPKINSVILLE,  t  and  cap.  of  a  county 
in  Missouri. 

HOPKINTON,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.  H.;  7 
m.  W.  from  Concord,  27  N.  from  Amherst,  58 1 
WNW.  from  Portsmouth.     It  is  a  valuable  I 
agricultural  town.     Here  is  a  handsome  vil-| 
lage.    Pop.  2,474.  | 

HOPKINTON,  t  Middlesex  co.  Mass. ;  42 
m.  SW.  from  Boston.     Pop.  1,80D. 

HOPKINTON,  t.  Washington  co.  R.  I. ;  28 
m.  W.  from  Newport,     Pop.  1,777. 

HOPKINTON,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. ; 
37  m.  E.  from  Ogdcnsburg.     Pop.  827.  | 

HOPPENY  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs 
NE.  into  R  branch  of  the  Susquehannah, 
about  14  m.  above  Tunkhannock  creek. 

HORN'S  ISLAND,  small  island  near  the 
coast  of  S.  C. 

HORNELLSVILLE,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. 

HORNORSVILLE,  v.  Culpeper  co.  Vn. 

HORNTOWN,  V.  Ace^man  co.  Va.;  16  m. 
S.  from  Snowhill. 

HORN  ISLAND,  on  the  coast  of  Missis- 


sippi,  W.  of  Dauphin  Island.     It  ii  17  milca 
long. 

HORRY,  district,  .'^.  C.  Pop.  .5,.'J23.  Con- 
wavlKiroiigli  is  ijie  capital. 

HOFfSKNKCIv,  HI  SW.  part  of  Grernwieh, 
(^t. ;  3'J  in.  \K.  from  N'l'w  York.  A  'il'vuly 
b.ttle  \v;iK  lonirht  Iuto  between  the  Indiiiim 
anil  the  Diiteli,  in  ir<lt>. 

liOl{;'.i;.\i:CI<,  V.  INsex  \.  .1.  on  S.  side  o.' 
tlie  l';iis;,ic;  4  ni.  SW.  froii  Puterson. 

FIOKSi:\i:CK,  .a[H-,  .\.  side  of  Long  Isl- 
nii'l,  \V.  oi"  Huntinn^don  liarlior. 

nOf{,Si:  ^IU)F.,  t.  Kan.lolph  co.  Vn. 

HORSHA.M,  t.  .Montgomery  <o.  Pa.  on  a 
brnneli  of  the  Neshaniiny.     I'oj).  l.OSti. 

HORSI.MIS,  v.  Hirgen  ro.  N.J.  on  W. 
bank  of  tjie  Hudson,  Ixtwecn  Jersey  City  and 
HolKiken. 

IIORVOS,  isl.  in  the  Gulf  of  Me.xico,  near 
the  N.  coast  of  Yucatan.  Lon.  70^  5'  W. ;  Inf. 
2P  10' N. 

HOSANCOCK  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs 
into  the  Schuylkill. 

IIOSICK,  r.  of  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  and 
New  York,  which  rises  in  B<nnin^Mon  co.  Vt. 
and  Berkshire  co.  Ma.ss.  and  fiills  into  Hudson 
river  at  the  point  of  separation  between  Rens- 
selaer and  Washington  cos.  N.  Y. 

IIOSICK,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  on  Hosick 
river,  31  m.  N.  from  .Albany.     Pop.  3,582. 

HOSICK  FALLS,  v.  in  the  NE.  angle  of 
Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  28  m.  NE.  from  Albany. 

HOSPITAL  ISLAND,  formerly  Rainsford's 
Island,  Mass.  included  within  the  township  of 
Hingham ;  6  m.  SE.  from  Boston.  Here  is  a 
hospital  for  the  reception  of  seamen  and  others 
infected  with  contagious  disorders. 

HOT  SPRINGS,  in  Bath  co.  Va. ;  7  m. 
SW.  from  Warm  Springs.  The  water  at  this 
spring  has  been  so  hot  as  to  boil  an  egg.  It 
raises  the  thermometer  to  112°,  and  is  useful 
in  some  complaints. 

HOUGHTON,  t.  Norfolk  co.  U.  Canada,  on 
Lake  Eric. 

HOUGHTON,  Port,  harbor  on  the  NW. 
coast  of  America,  between  Points  Hobart  and 
Walpole.     Lat.  57°  20'  N. 

HOUNSFIELD,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. ;  78 
m.  N.  from  Utica,  176  NW.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
3,115.  It  lies  E.  of  Lake  Ontario,  on  Hungry 
Bay,  and  S.  of  Black  river.  Sacket's  Harbor 
is  in  this  town. 

HOUSATONNUC,  r.  which  rises  from  two 
sources,  both  in  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  one  in 
Lanesborough,  the  other  in  Windsor.  These 
branches  unite  in  Pittsfield,  and  pursuing  n 
southerly  course  of  about  150  m.  it  flows  into 
Long  Island  Sound  between  Strafford  and  Mil- 
ford.  Towards  its  entrance  into  the  sound,  it 
is  called  Strafford  river.  It  is  naviijable  for 
small  vessels  to  Derby,  12  m.  Between  Canaan 
and  Salisbury  it  has  falls  of  about  60  feet  per. 
pendieulnr. 

HOUSTON'S,  V.  Rowan  co.  N.  C.  138  m. 
W.  from  Raleigh. 

HOUSTON  VILLE,  v.  Iredell  co.  N.  C.  172 
m.  VV.  from  Raleigh. 

HOUSTON  VILLE,  v.  Pendleton  district, 
S.  C.  184  m.  NW.  from  Columbia. 


1*^ 


204 


HOW— in'N 


re 


If  Hi  'hU- 


M 


HOWARD,  t.  StPul)on  ro.  N.  Y.  on  CiiniH- 
ter  river,  iM  m.  W.  froin  Hntli.    rop.  '■2,'M'A. 

HOW  \HI),  t.  Kent  no.  I',  ("nniidii,  runiiiii),' 
(Vein  till'  'I'li.iiMcs  to  Lake  I'lric. 

noWAUl),  NW.  ro.  ol'  Mis*iuri,  lyinjr  N. 
from  IMirtsoiiri  river.  Top.  111,^11,  Fnyitlr 
in  tlir  capital. 

HOWKf,!,,  t.  iVToniiiouth  ro.  N.  J. 
HOWi;i,r;S  STOFM:,  v.  Clarkc  CO.  Ala. 
H(iVVLANl),  t.  TriiiiiiHill  co.  Oliio.     Pop. 
722. 

lioYTj:SV|[J-E,  V.  Lincoln  co.  N.C. 
HUAMHI<rA,    t.  Mexico,  in  Onxarn,   .|.'> 
IcagucH  SK.  from  Mexico.     l,on.  !)j^  It'  W.; 
lat.  16^  l.T  N. 

HUBBARD,  t.  T;'iiiubull  co.  Ohio,  16  m. 
SE.  from  Warr.n.     Pop.  \,Wr>. 

HUBBAKDSTOWN,!.  Worcester  CO.  Mnss. 
Pop.  1,()74.  It  is  situated  on  a  brunch  of  the 
river  Ware,  4.')  m.  W.  from  Boston. 

HIJBBARDSTOWN,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  10 
m.  NW.  from  Windsor.     Pop.  b(!5. 

HUBERT,  Seigniory,  Quebec  en.  L.  C. 
HUDSON,  city,  [Kirt  of  entry,  and  cap.  Co- 
lumbia CO.  N.  Y.  is  (iituatcd  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Hudson  river,  which  is  navigable  to  this 
place  for  the  largest  ships,  2lt  m.  S.  from  Al- 
bany l.'}0  m.  N.  from  New  York,  and  3.")'>  m. 
from  W.  Lat.  42°  14'  N.  Pop.  .'■),:J!I2.  The 
site  of  Hudson  is  a  high  point,  projecting  into 
the  river.  The  city  is  regularly  laid  out,  the 
streets  are  spacious,  and  cross  each  otiier  at 
right  angles.  It  contains  1  bank,  4  printing- 
offices,  and  4  houses  of  public  worship,  for 
Friends,  Presbyterians,  Methodists,  and  Epis- 
copalians. '  It  is  a  ]>Iacc  of  considerable  trade 
and  manufactures,  containing  establishments 
for  the  manuficture  of  cotton  and  woollen, 
calico  printing  and  bleaching.  Tiierc  are  4 
newspapers  published  here. 

HUDSON  RIVER,  N.  Y.  one  of  the  best 
for  navigation  in  America,  rises  in  the  moun- 
tainous region,  W.  of  Lake  Champlain,  and 
pursuing  a  straight  course  a  little  W.  of  S.  for 
more  than  300  m.  communicates  with  the  At- 
lantic, below  New  York  city.  It  has  three  re- 
markable expansions,  Tappan  bay  or  sea,  Ilav- 
erstraw  bay,  and  a  third  between  Fishkill  and 
New  Windsor.  Its  only  large  tributary  is 
Mohawk  river.  The  otJier  waters  flowing  into 
it  arc  mere  mill-streams. 

HUDSON,  V.  Caswell  co.  N.  C. 
HUDSON,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  NW. 
from  Ravenna,  23  m.  SE.  from  Cleveland. 

HUDSON'S  BAY,  a  large  bay  of  North 
America,  extending  from  Ion.  78°  to  95°  W. ; 
and  from  lat.  52°  to  68°  N.  The  Hudson's 
bay  company  have  several  Bcttlemcnts  and 
torts,  especially  on  the  west  coast,  where  their 
agents  carry  on  a  traffic  with  tlu^  Indians  for 
boaver-skins,  and  other  valuable  furs. 

HUDSON'S  HOUSE,  one  of  the  Hudson's 
bay  company's  factories,  in  N.  America,  on 
the  Saskatchawine.  Lon.  106°  27' 20"  W.; 
lat.  53°  0'  32"  N. 

JIUDSON  POINT,  cape,  on  the  W.  coast 
of  N."  America,  a  little  within  the  entrance  of 
Admiralty  inlet,  in  the  gulf  of  Georgia.  Lon. 
237°  33' E.;  lat.  48°  8' N. 


HUDSON'S  STRAITS,  the  narrow  w>a  be 
tween  th(!  Atlantic  oiu'un  and  Hudson's  buy, 
.\.  of  Luiirador. 

IiriJI'TTA,  eitv,  Mexico,  210  m.   Ni:. 
from  Mexico.  Lon.  27 1^  I.T  W. ;  jut.  22'  35'  N. 
in'(;ilSVILLi;,  V.  Patrick  co.  Va. 
lirLI.N(;SBrR(;,  v.  Armnlrong  co.  Pn. 
HULL,  t.  York  co.  Lower  Canuda,  on  Dt- 
tawa  river. 

.HILL,  t.  Plymouth  ro.  Muss,  on  the  S.  sidi- 
of  Boston  iiarbor,  !l  m.  E.  from  Boston,  3li  ni. 
N.  from  I'lvniouth.     Pop.  l!l(). 

HULL'.S  CROSS-ROADS,  v.  Harford  co. 
Md. 

II UMBER,  r.  Newfoundland,  which  fails 
into  tlie  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  through  the 
Bay  of  Ishiijds. 

ilUMBER,  small  river  <..'U.  C.  in  York  co. 
fills  into  Lake  Ontario,  a  short  distance  W.  ol' 
York. 

HUMBERSTONE,  t.  Lincoln  co.  U.  C.  on 
lake  Erie. 

HUME,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.     Pop.  051. 
IIU.MMELSTOWN,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.oii 
Swetara  creek,  10  m.  E.  from  llarrisburg. 

HUMPHREYS,  co.  W.  Ten.  Pop.  6,l?n 
Chief  town,  Rcynoldsbnrg. 

HU.MPHREYSVILLE,  v.  in  Derby,  New- 
Haven  co.  Ct.  on  the  Naugatuck,  4  m.  aboM' 
its  confluence  with  the   Ilousatonnuc.     Here 
are  a  woollen  factory,  cotton  factory,  and  scm 
ral  mills.     At  this  place,  merino  sheep  wcri 
first  introduced  into  the  I'nited  States  in  1801, 
by  general  Humphrevs. 
HUMPHREYSVILLE,  v.  Union  co.  S.  C. 
HUMPHREYSVILLE,  v.  Chester  co.  Pa. 
HUNDRED  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs 
into  .lames  river.     Lon.  77°  16'  W. ;  lat.  37 
10'  N. 

HUNGERFORD,  t.  U.  C.  in  Ha.'<tings  co. 
HUNGRY  BAY,  bay,  on  the  E.  end  of 
Iiokc  Ontario,  on  which  Sacket's  Harbor  is 
situated. 

HUNGRYTOWN,  V.  Lunenburg  co.Va.; 
33  m.  E.  from  Marysville. 

HUNTER,  Cape,  on  the  SW.  coast  of  New 
Georgia.    Lon.  160°  3'  E. ;  lat.  9°  42'  N. 

HUNTER,  formerly  Greenland,  t.  Greene 
CO.  N.  Y.     Pop.  1,960. 

HUNTERSTOWN,  v.  York  co.  Pa.;  25  m. 
W.  from  York. 

HUNTERDON,  co.  N.  J.  bounded  NW.  by 
Sussex  CO.  N.  by  Morris  co.  E.  by  Somerset 
CO.  SE.  by  Burlington  co.  and  SW.  by  the 
Delaware.  Pop.  31,066.  Chief  town,  Trenton. 
HUNTERSTOWN,  t.  St.  Maurice  co.L.C. 
2S  in.  NW.  from  Three  Rivers. 

HUNTERSTOWN,  v.  York  co.  Pa.  25  m. 
W.  from  York. 

HUNTERSVILLE,  v.  Pocahontas  co.  Va. 
HUNTERSVILLE,  v.  Lincoln  co.  N.  C. 
HUNTING  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
the  Potomac,  at  the  S.  corner  of  Columbia  dis- 
trict. 

HUNTING  CREEK  TOWN,  v,  Dorchcs- 
ter  CO.  Md.  18  m.  NE.  from  Cambridge. 

HUNTING  ISLANDS,  cluster  of  small 
islands  in  the  Atlantic,  near  Port  Royal,  in 
S.  C. 


HUN-II,L 


ao5 


V.  Harford  co. 


icoln  CO.  V,  C  on 


iunenburg  co.  Va. ; 

SW.  coast  of  New 
lat.  9°  42'  N.  I 

eenland,  t.  Greene 

fork  CO.  Pa.;  25  m. 

.  Wounded  NW.  by 
;o.  E.  bv  Somerset 
and  SW.  by  the 
.ief  town,  Trrnlon. 
«t.  Maurice  co.L.*-' 
—ivors. 
fork  CO.  Pa.  25  m. 

Pocahontas  co.  Va. 
i.incoln  co.  N.T. 
Va.  whidi  runs  into 
ler  of  Columbia  di3- 

'OWN,  V.  Dorches- 
n  Cambridge. 
!,  cluster  of  small 
car  Port  Royal,  m 


Iir.NTlN'iDOX, .,).  |,(.wrr(unudu,  on  the 
S.  side  of  fill'  St.  I.iiwrf  ucc. 

IirNTIN<JI)()N,  f.  Ilusting*  co.  I'.C. 

HL'NTIN(;i)ON.  ro.  I'll.  iiR-Utd  by  tho 
countirH  of  (Viilrc,  Millliu,  I'latikliu,  lltdrurd, 
and  Caiiibriii.  I'n|i. 'JT,i5J.  Cliief  town,  Hunt- 
ingdoti. 

IllL\TlN(il>()V,  f.  and  r:i[».  Ilimtiniidon 
CO.  Pu.  on  llio  N.  Ni<le  of  the  Juiimttii,  .'lO  in. 
alK)VC  it«  iiioutli,  I'J!)  III.  I'>.  from  I'lttslmrg, 
iBt)  in.  W.  from  riiiladclphia,  \[H  from  \V. 

Hl'N'l'INCDON,  V.  liirn.ll  co.  Ten. 

HL'NTI\(;iM)\.  t.  AdaiiiH  co.  (Hiio. 

HUNTINt;  Sor.NI),  c-lmiiii.  1  oil  I  In- coast 
of  S.  ('.  bi'twiTii  Core  bank  and  tlic  main. 

III'N'I'INIJ'I'ON',  f.  t;bitiin(l(n  co.  Vt.  l.j 
m.  SK.  from  Uiirliiiifton.     Pop.  [):i[), 

niINTIN(iT().\,  t.  rairtlcld  co.  Cl.  on  the 
lloiisatonnuc,  which  NC|iariitf8  it  from  Derbv. 
17  III.  \V.  from  Xcw.lluvcn.     Poji.  l,;i(;:». 

II('\'i'lN(;T()N,  t.  SiilVnlk  CO.  on  I^jnjr. 
Island,  N.  Y.  1(1  in.  H.  from  New  York.  ro|i. 
5,5M2.     It  extends  across  the  island  from  the 


liriiON,  r.  Ohm,  wliieii  rum*  into  Luka 
Kric,  t;  111.  K.  from  .Sumlu  ';y  bnv. 

IH'KON  OF  ST.  (L.Mft,  r.  Michigan  ter- 
ritory,  wliicii  issues  t'rom  a  chain  of  miiall 
lakes  ill  the  iirij>lilM)rli(HHl  of  Pontiae,  and  tlowa 
into  Lake  St.  Clair,  aliont  *J)I  in.  iiliove  Ditroit. 
I  iri{0.\(»ISri'i;KIOI{.r..N\V. Territory, 
u  liieli  runs  into  l.uke  Superior,  and  is  GU  yarda 
wide  at  its  iiioutii. 

III'KO.N,  CO.  Ohio,  iKHinded  on  the  N.  by 
F.ake  Mrie,  ]•].  hy  Cuyahoga  and  Medina  cos. 
.S.  iiy  Hiclilaiid,  and  \V.  hy  S<meca  and  San- 
dusky cos.  It  includes  all  the  tract  desipnated 
hv  the  a|)|)cll.iti(>ii  of  I'ire-lands.  Chief  town, 
.Norwalk.     Pop.  IXH't. 

liri{ON,  t.  Iliirim  CO.  Ohio,  on  the  lako 
shore  ;  distance  47  in.  westerly  from  Cleveland, 
and  1  l(t  \.  hv  i;.  from  Cohiinbus.    Pop.  4S0. 
'      in  KRK  AM';   SIIOAI.S,  V.  Jackson  co. 
ItJcd.  Itl  111.  NWV.  from  Millcdi;eville. 
lllKinCANi:,  t.  I.iiieolueo.  Miso. 
!      IIII'I'T*  ».\SV1I,I,K,  V.  Kaiulolph  co.  Va.on 
I  Koarinjj  creek,  and  on  the  roiid  from  ('larks- 
sound  to  the  Atlantic,  and  contains  ;"»  houses  ( burL'  to  Heverly,  'l.">  in.  SSll  from  the  former, 
of  public  worsiiip  and  an  academy.     Thevil.j      IIYAN.NI?},  bay  of  Mass.   Harnstuble   co. 
l.iije  of  Huntington  is  built  on  a   hay  which  sets  up  from  the  Allaiitie  ocean,  iK'tween  Yar- 
wLs  up  troin  the  sound  between  Kalon's  neck  i  mouth  and  |{arnstablc. 


IIYA.NNIS,  t.  on  Hynnnis  bay,  Darnstable 
CO.  Mass.;  !I7  in  Sl'L  from  Hoston. 

IIYAT'I'STOWN,  V.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 
on  the  road  from  Fredericktown  to  W. ;  .'1.3  in. 
NVV.  from  the  latter,  and  15  SSFO.  from  the 
loriiKT.  It  is  u  small  village,  of  a  single  street 
of  about  30  houses,  along  the  main  road. 

HYDF],  CO.  on  the  coast  of  N.  ('.  Pop. 
(),177.     Lake  lianding  is  the  seat  of  justice. 

HYDK  PARK,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  34  ni.  N. 
from  Moiit|)elicr.     Pop.  373. 

HYDE  PARK,  t.  Dutchess  eo.  N.  Y.  on 
Hudson  river,  8  ni.  above  Poughkeepsie.   Pop. 

""'"hYDK  park,  V.  HaUfax  co.  N.  C.  79  m. 
NE.  from  Raleigh. 

I. 

IBERL\,  NeiD,  v.  Louisiana,  in  the  district 
of  Atfakapas,  200  m.  W.  of  New  Orleans. 

IBERVILT-E,  or  Rayou  Manchac,  r.  La. 
one  of  the  outlets  of  the  Mississippi.  It  leaves 
the  main  stream  at  Manchac,  20  m.  below 
Baton  Rouge,  and  after  an  E.  course  of  20 
miles,  receives  Amite  river;  thence  its  course 
is  SE.  40  miles,  until  it  joins  Lake  Maurepas. 
It  is  navigable  three  months  in  the  year  for 
vessels  drawing  3  or  4  feet  water,  but  during 


on  the  I'.,  and  Lloyd's  neck  on  tiie  \V.  On 
Kiiton's  neck  is  a  liirlit-house, 

IIHXTlNtJTON,  V.  Laurens  district,  S.  C. 

III'NT1.\(;T0N,  t.  (Jaliia  co.  Ohio,  15  in. 
NW.  from  (;alliiK)lis.     Pop.  GJ.l. 

illlNTI.\(JTON,  t.  Ross  co.  Oliio,  on  the 
Scioto,  3  111.  S.  from  ('hillieothe.    Pop.  .">!K). 

HUNTI\(iT(JN,  t.  Brown  co.  Ohio.    Pop. 

2,u;.v 

m'NTINdlTnWN,  t.  Calvert  co.  Md.  on 
Hiuitini;  creek,  22  ni.  Nf].  from  Port  Tobacco, 
40  III.  Iroiii  Aimai»olis. 

HUNTSBIJRC;,  V.  Franklin  eo.  Vt.  near 
the  line  that  divides  this  stiite  from  1,.  C.  at 
the  distance  of  about  12  in.  E.  of  Lake  Chuui- 
plaiu. 

IIUNTSBURG,v.Oeauga  co.  Ohio,  250  m. 
NE.  from  (x)Iumbus. 

HUNT'S  MILLS,  v.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 

HIJNT.SVILLE,  v.  Surrey  co.  N.C. 

HUNTSVILLE,  v.  Laurens  district,  S.  C. 

HUNTSVILLE,  v.  Otsego  eo.  N.  Y. 

HUNTSVILLE,  v.  Robertson  co.  'I'en. 

HUNTSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Madison  co. 
Alabama. 

HURIiEY,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y. 

HURON,  one  of  the  five  great  lakes,  coin- 
nionly  called  the  lakes  of  Canada.  It  is  iu  the 

form  of  a  triangle ;  the  SW.  and  NE.  sides  of  | the  rest  of  thi;  year,  it  is  entirely  dry,  from  the 
which  are  about  200  m.  that  of  the  SE.  110  .Mississippi  to  the  mouth  of  the  Amite  river. 


m.  It  is  almost  separated  into  two  lakes  hy 
a  chain  of  islands,  extending  from  its  NW'. 
to  SE.  side.  This  chain  retains  its  Indian 
name  of  Manitoulin,  or  Islands  of  the  Eeil 
Spirit.    Lake  Huron  receives  the  discharge  of 


Lake  Superior,  by  St.  Mary's  strait ;  that  of  1,256  m.  from  W 


Lake  Michigan  by  the  straits  of  Michillimacki 
nack ;  that  of  Nipcsing  by  the  river  du  Fran- 
<;oi8,  and  discharges  the  accumulated  mass  into 
the  river  St.  Clair.  It  is  1,000  miles  in  cir- 
cumference. 


IBERVILLE,  CO.  La.  on  both  sides  of  the 
Mississippi,  soutli  from  Baton  Rouge.  Pop. 
7,050. 

IBERVILLE,  t  and  cap.  Iberville  co.  La. 
on  the  .Mississippi ;  100  m.  above  New  Orleans. 


ILLINOIS,  r.  II.  is  formed  by  the  union  of 
the  Kankakee  and  the  Desplanes,  and  travers- 
ing the  state  in  a  SW.  direction  nearly  400  m. 
joins  the  .Mississippi  in  Ion.  90''  18'  W. ;  and 
iat.  38^  .'iS'  23"  N.  1 8  m.  above  the  Missouri.    It 


u 


iM 


iJllO 


ILI^IND 


l^'h 


r  ^■\'l 


lupf'  ;  : 


I*  400  yardh  wulc  at  iU  iiioulh,  hua  a  j;eiitle  INDIANA,  one  of  the  U.S.  Sec  pujfe  13'J 
ciirriiit,  unliroliiti  l)y  ra|(i(lH,  und  i»  iiuvigablm  INIUAN.M'OLl.S,  t.  .Marum  ro.  and  cb(», 
Jbr  ImwIh  tlintuirlioiil  iia  LourHi.'.  It  m  propound  of  liidiuna,  nituatt'd  on  tin-  wmt  bank  of  While 
to  toiiiicd  llir  l>c»|ilaiai(  with  the  ('liicaj{o,  u  rivir,  in  tlie  cintn.'  of  uuv  of  Ihr  inont  «xt«  n. 
rivrr  olMii  liigiiM,  hv  a  ciiMol.  |»ivi!aMd  lirlili)  IkxIhs  of  land  in  thrwiMlcrn 

Il.f.INOIS,  oiii!  of  thf  I'.S.    Sc«;  pajfi;  143.  world;  nearly  central  to  the  wtate,  uiid  at  u 

II.I.LNOIS,  r.  ArkiinHUK,  IIowh  S.  and  joins  jxiint  ncccHHiblr  by  Hleani-bontii,  in  comnum 
the  ArkanMaii,  I  hi.  abovi!  (,aniidiati  river.  On  utaprn  of  thr  Wnl>anh.  No  rivrr  in  .\mrric«, 
the  bankH  u  (i  w  niilci  Iroin  its  mouth  anr  salt  nciordinif  to  itM  ni/.c  und  extent,  watem  >rrenirr 
■priniTH.  jbwiieti  of  (erlile  land,  llinn  U'hili-  river.     The 

ILM.NOI.S  r.  Arkanmis,  on  which  !■  the  cmuitry  is  Helliin::  nlsmt  tliis  town  with  umx. 
•cttkiiieiil  of  Dwiiflit.  janipied  rujiidily.    Ilul  a  liw  yearn  hince,  it  wum 

INDKI'lONULNL'E.t.  Alleghany  CO.  N.  Y.  a  nolid  and  deep  lorenl,  where  the  surpriwd 
Pop.  ^11,  \  traveller  now  wees  the  biiildinirs  of  a  nietro|Hi. 

INI)I;PI'NDENC;E,  t.  Warrcn  co.  N.  J.  lis,  ronipnct  streets  and  fninares  of  brick  imild. 
Pop.  t^,l^'(>.  I  in^rs,  reM|M ctalile  |iul)li('  buildings,  inaniifarto- 

LNUKI'ENDENCE,  t.  Ciiyahopa  co.  Ohio,  ries,  meehanie  hhops,  printing-olhec  h,  but>iiiesi 
ro|).  ^M.').  and   biislle.     Sueh   is  the   present   aH|Ket  of 

INDEI'ENDENCE,  t.  and  cap.  Ilond  eo.  Iiidianapoli.'*,  which  contains  tiOII  hous* s,  and 
11.  on  K'askaskia  river.    '  1 1,'JtlU  inhaliilant.H.     It  will,  jirobaiily,  Is  eoinc 

INDIANA,  CO.  I'u.  l)ounded  by  VVestniorc  one;  of  tin;  I,iri;e8t  towns  between  ('incmnati 
land  S\V.  Armstrong  W.  Jillcrson  N.  Clear- land  the  .Mississiiipi. 

field  NE.  and  (;and)ria  SE.    Eenjitii  .I'J  miles,       INDIAN-TOWN,  v.   Dorchester   co.  Md. 
breadth  ii3.     Top.   14,251.     Chief  town,  In-  3  m.  S\V.  from  Newmarket, 
diana.  |     INDIAN-TOWN,  t.  Currituck  co.  N.  C. 

INDIANA,  t.  and  cap.  Indiana  eo.  I'a.  3G  ')2  m.  ENIl.  from  Edenton. 


in.  SE.  from  Kittauinsr,  270  from  i'hiladrljihiu. 
Pop.  433. 


INDIAN-TOWN,  t.  Williamsburg  co.  S.C. 


WEST-INDIA  PRODUCTIONS. 


INDIES,  West.  This  is  a  long  chain  of 
Islands,  that  stretch  in  the  form  of  an  arch  or 
bow,  between  North  and  South  America,  from 
the  Gulf  of  Florida,  to  that  of  Venezuela. 
They  are  called  by  some  geographers  the  Co- 
lumbian Arcjiipclago.  They  have  been  called 
Antilles  from  the  Latin  ante  insulas.  They 
are  often  called  Caribbcrs,  and  by  the  North 
Americans,  the  West  Indies.  They  are  divid- 
ed into  the  greater  and  less  Antilles,  and  some- 
times into  the  windward  und  leeward  islands. 
These  i.slands,  with  the  exception  of  Hayti  and 
Margarita,  belong  to  different  European  states, 
(•hioily  to  Great  Britain,  Spain,  and  France. 
Tlie  four  Great  Antilles,  namely,  Cuba,  Hayti, 
J.imaica,  and  Porto  Rico,  arc  the  Lirgest  and 
most  important.  Some  of  the  most  considcra- 
I'lc  of  the  {?aribbcc  Isles,  arc  Guadaloupc,  Mar- 
tinique or  Martinico,  and  Barbadoes.  The  Ba- 
hama Islands  are  numerous,  but  not  very  im- 
portant. One  of  them,  now  cilled  Cnt  Island, 
is  celebrated  for  being  the  first  l^nd  in  America 
that  was  seen  by  Columbus.    'I'Uere  are  moun- 


tains on  all  the  larger  islands  of  this  Archipel- 
ago. The  highest  arc  on  the  west  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, the  east  of  Cuba,  and  the  north  of  Ja- 
maica. Volcanoes  have  been  observed  in  Gua- 
daloupc, and  some  other  islands.  Their  gen- 
eral geological  feature  is  abrupt  transition  from 

^mountains  to  plains,  marked  by  steep  and 
craggy  rocks.   Coral  and  madrepore  rocks  arc 

I  common  on  the  different  coasts.  Cuba  ''.iid 
the  Bahamas  are  surrounded  by  labyrintlj-^  of 
low  rocks,  several  of  which  are  covered  with 

'  palm  trees.  These  islands  are  generally  situ- 
ated under  the  tropic  of  Cancer,  and  there  is 
very  little  difference  in  the  climate ;  so  that 
the  ob.servations  touching  one  of  them  will 
generally  apply  to  the  whole.    The  ptriodical 

'  ruins,  which  give  birth  to  the  spring  of  the 
country,  commence  in  May,  and  the  brown  of 
vegetation  changes  to  a  deep  verdure.     Tho 

'periodical  rains  fall  about  noon,  and  cause  a 
lu.Turiant  vegetation.  The  medium  st;uiding 
of  the  thermometer  is  78°  Fahr.  These  show- 
ers arc  followed  by  the  splendor  of  tropical 


L\D— LNU 


•^07 


lumnipr.  Tim  iky  ii  nrarly  cIoiiJIi'in,  and  thi;  Ifaf  of  unv  ipccivi  oi'  pdiii  will  ihade  five  or 
hi'jt  would  In!  uIiiionI  iiiMii|i|)ortal)l< ,  Ixit  (or  t'i<:  nix  mv.n.  The  paliiicttn,  or  tiiouiituin  cubba|;o 
•ca  brcu/c.  'I'ht:  iikkhi  ciiiitH  a  Uulit.  by  wli.  Ii  tree,  ((ruWH  VlUO  llct  lii(;li,  uiid  lis  vcrdiiiit  aunw 
a  IHrmn  cnn  Hce  to  rcid  the  RtnullcKt  print  by  itiit  trcinbirs  iVfxn  the  Mlii;li(riit  hTvvw.  A 
ni>,'ht.  Tiio  tin  riiiomitrr  now  olli  n  risiM  ab<»vi-  8|>li  iidjrl  van  ty  of  the  noblrnt  trirn  griicvn  the 
110',  and  HiiiriK'.itniir  (.'itlniH  aniioiinci;  I'lc  r>  plantitiunH.  •  iiion,  ornni^o  iind  |>nnir(rrunnto 
approach  ol"  the  preut  prriodicai  r.iins.  Fiery  tr«t'»  (Jcrfunio  tin  air  with  tin-  umrnn  ot"  thiir 
cloud*  nro  nccn  in  the  alrnoiiphcrf,  alli'  tin*  tlowrr^,  while  tluir  hranchrH  an-  i(Nid<'d  with 
niountuinit  oceni  nearer,  than  at  otlier  tr.  ^  truit.  Tlu'  iippl<'.  |N'aeh  and  (,'ra|H!  ri|Mii  in 
'I'lii^  ruiuM  tiill  in  torrents.  It  i.<4  xaid,  that  n?  tin  niountainB.  lln  date,  iia|M>ta,  NU|K)tilla, 
mchei  (ell  in  one  year.  Iron  rutttx  rapidly ;' nminniee,  rrwu  apple,  niungo, 'lifferent  wpccica 
humidity  is  trreat,  and  tlu;  inlialiitantM  live  in  of  R[)nndinM  and  annonas,  and  inoHt  of  the  ori- 
a  kind  ofva|K»r  balli.  The  chinate  iit  then  re-  erital  tropical  trnits  ripdi  on  the  Hultry  plain». 
luxing',  unwholoHouie,  and  danirerouN  tu  a  Ku-  We  Nhonid  not  iiute  sp.iee  to  cniuneratc  thu 
ro|N'an.  I'utrid  and  yellow  liver  criHUeM,  as  Npletidid  varietiiH  ot't1oweriii<;  NhniliN,  opiintiu*, 
Miiiu  Nay  i'riiiu  iniaNtiia,  and  others  whitiiKieal-  thittlos,  and  liam  h.  The  |Mily|MMliiun  arlx>renni, 
iy  utiirni  from  lunar  intlucnee.  It  is  now  (fcn-.  ut  a  diNtunce,  niiifht  be  mistaken  lor  the  |mlin 
I  rally  believed  not  to  l)o  co[ita|rii>tiH,  and  leHM.trec,  un  account  of  itH  lot\y  trunk,  and  the 
(lanprouH  on  elevated,  than  marnhy  districts. '  broad  leaves  on  its  Huminit.  liipnunivifaa, 
The  tein|M'rate  /f)neof  the  Antilles  eoinmenrTs  wiiitera-eancla,  einehnna  eariU'a,  wild  vandia, 
;it  1,4U()  (eet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  aloo,  arnalto,  and  pimt  nto  are  ull  either  indi- 
inountainH  at  an  elevation  of  lOOl)  li'et  are  fjenous,  or  eultivate(l  here.  'I'he  ijrnuinu  and 
•aliji'ct  to  mists  and  rains.  .Most  of  the  wild  ^  |N)tato,  manioc  and  angola  |)caH  are  thu  food 
animals  indij,'enou»  to  this  climuto  are  of  a  ^  of  the  nc^'ro(!s.  Suirar  cane  of  the  varioui 
tniallcr  Hize.  The  Kcorpion  is  found  only  in  sjH'cies  is  the  well  known  and  moot  abimdanl 
the  large  islands.  Ne£rro<'s  are  sometiines  o.v.  j  production  of  these  islands.  No  conHajTrution 
posod  to  the  murderous  bit(;  of  the  cayman  or,  is  more  rapid  or  alarminj;  than  a  fire  in  a  dry 
iTocodilu.  Parrots  of  various  K[n'cies  j,'litter  I  cane  field,  whieli  frcipiently  occurs.  Two  vu- 
ia  the  woods,  and  iuuumerabk;  a(|uatic  birds  j  rieties  of  the  cotton,  thu  tureen  seed  and  tiiu 
coiijjref(ate  on  the  shores.  Humming  birds,  i  small  seed,  are  thu  most  common  kinds  culti- 
il;irtiii;j  ulon{f  the  briffht  tlowers,  vie  in  tluir  |  vat(,'d.  The  cotfee  of  the  country  is  a  native 
piumajfo  with  the  tlowcrs,  the  emerald  and!  of  Arabia  Felix.  It  seldom  bears  before  the 
ruby.  All  the  tropical  plants,  shridis  and  tncsi  third  season  ;  sometimes  not  till  the  sixth.  It 
are  natives  of  this  climate.  A  canoo  nuidc  never  lasts  more  than  30  years,  and  frcciucntly 
from  a  single  trunk  of  a  cotton  tree,  has  been!  decays  Ix fore  that  time.  A  single  plant  pro- 
known  to  contain  a  hundred  person:) ;  and  tlie  |  duces  from  one  to  four  pounds. 

TABULAR  VIEW 
•     -'  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  WKST-INDIA  ISLANDS. 

lielonging  to  Sq.  mi.  Pop.  Chief  towns. 

S  (  Bahama i 

I  <  Providence >  Britain 5,500 . 

s  (  Abaco,  &c J 

^  f  Hayti .  .  % Independent.  .  .28,000 . 

Cuba Spain 50,000. 

Jamaica Britain 6,100. 

I  Porto  Rico Spain 4,000 . 

Ltcioard  Islandn. 

'  Guadaloupe France 675 . 

Antigua Britain 93 . 

Santa  Cruz Denmark 100 . 

St.  Christopher ....  Britain 70 


Dominica Britain . 

St.  Eustatia Holland  . 

Mariegalante France  .  . 

Montscrrat Britain ,  . 

Tortola,  «fec Britain .  . 

Nevis Britain .  . 

St.  Bartholomew .  . .  Sweden  . 

Virgin  G  rda Britain.  . 

St.  Martin Holland  . 

St.  Thomas Denmark . 

Angiiilla Britain .  . 

2N 


Pop. 
16,000. 

935,000 . 
704,000 . 
386,000 . 
225,000 . 

126,000. 

36,000 . 

33,000 . 

24,000 . 
29....    19,000., 

22 14,000.. 

90 12,000.. 

78 8,000 .  . 

00  ... .     7,000 . . 
20....    11,000.. 

60 8,000 .  . 

80 8,000 .  . 

90 6,000 .  . 

40....     5,000.. 
30    ,  .  ,         800 . . 


. .  Nassau 

. .  Port  au  Prince 
. .  Havana 

. .  Kingston 
. .  St.  Juan 

. .  Basse  Terre 
. .  St.  John's 
. .  Santa  Cruz 
, .  Basse  Terre 
, .  Roseau 
.  The  Bay 
, .  Basse  Terre 
.  Plymouth 
.Road  Harbor 
.  Charlestown 
.  Gustavia 


298 


H9S)^ 

T^Kpi  '' 

• 

B^P 

tK''^ 

IbIhKi 

^m  -< 

M 

If^ 

m 

P 

•3 
C 
« 

HI 

Wm 

r*f 

U 

s 

C 

INJV-ISL 
TABULAR  VIRVV— ronhnuet/. 


I'VU       >   ,:j  \       f 


Windward  Islnnds. 
Iti'loiigiii;:;  to 

'  Martinique France 370 

BarhmUx's Rritain 

Grenada Britain 

Trinidad Britain 

<   St.  ViiK'ont Pirituin 

St.  Lucia Britain 

Tobairo Britain 

Margarita ( 'olonibiii.  .  . 

,  CurJiroJi I  fulland  .... 


A\.  ins. 

Pop. 

Cliicf  towns. 

370 .  . 

..102,000.. 

. .  St.  Pierre 

106.. 

..101,000.. 

. .  Bridgetowii 

110.. 

..    20,000.. 

. .  St.  CJcorgc 

1,700.. 

.  .    52,000.. 

. .  Port  of  Spain 

130.. 

.  .    25,000 .  . 

. .  Kingston 

225 .  . 

..    18,000.. 

.  .  ( "arenage 

140.. 

..    14,000.. 

. .  Scarborough 

350 .  . 

..    15,000.. 

. .  Asccn.sion 

600 .  . 

..    12,000.. 

. .  VVilliainstadt 

IiNJ)[l.STRY,  t.  Soimrsit  co.  Mc.  l.'J  in.  W. 
from  Norridjjewock.     I'op.  W'2. 

IN(;i.i:SVUJ-l':,  v.  .Vloiitfiomery  co.  Va. 

INTERIOR  PARISH,  v.  La  Fourcho  co. 
La. 

IONIA,  V.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y.,  NVV.  from 
Salina,  and  157  in.  NVV.  irom  Albany. 

IOWA  TOWN,  t.  NW.  'IVrritory,  on  E. 
side  of  the  river  Missibs^ippi.  Lon.  i)l°  15'  W.; 
lat.  40°  30'  N. 

IOWA,  r.  La.  wliicli  nms  into  the  Missis. 
sippi,  lat.  40°  38'  N. 

IOWA,  Upper,  r.  La.  wliicii  rinis  into  tiic 
Mississippi,  40  m.  N.  fmm  Ouisconsin. 

IPSWIC"H,r.  Mass.  wiiicii  rises  in  Wilming- 
ton,  runs  NE.  and  flows  into  Ipswicli  liarbor. 

IPSWIOII,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  Essex  co. 
Mass.  12  m.  NNE.  from  Salem,  12  S8W.  from 
Ncwburyiwrt,  27  NNE.  from  Boston.  Lon.  70° 
51'  W. ;  lat.  42°  41'  N.  Pop.  2,951.  Here  arc 
several  churches  for  ("ongrcffationalists,  and 
also  a  society  of  Baptists.  The  village  stands 
on  the  N.  side  of  Ipswich  river,  about  a  mile 
from  its  moutli,  and  contains  a  court-house  and 
jail,  a  free  grammar  school,  <ind  other  public 
buildings.  Here  is  an  e.veellent  stone  bridge 
across  the  river.  It  is  a  place  of  considerable 
maritime  trade,  and  does  some  ship-building. 

IRA,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  40  m.  W.  from 
Windsor.    Pop.  442. 

IRA,  t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.,  N.  from  Seneca 
river,  and  about  20  m.  a  little  E.  of  N.  from 
Auburn. 

IR-\SBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Orlean.s  co.  Vt.  50 
m.  NNE.  from  Montpclier,  5G8  from  W.  Pop. 
860.     It  is  watered  by  Black  river. 

IREDELL,  CO.  N.C.  Pop.  15,262.  States- 
ville  is  the  chief  town. 

IRELAND,  v.  Hampden  co.  Mass. 

IRONDEQUOT,  bay  of  Lake  Ontario,  Mon- 
roe CO.  N.  Y. 

IRONDEQUOT,  creek,  Monroe  co.  N.  Y. 
discharges  its  waters  into  tlu;  bay  of  the  sanu; 
name.  The  (jJraiid  Western  Caiiiil  of  New 
York  crosses  this  creek,  by  very  expensive 
and  massive  works. 

IRON  MOUNTAINS,  local  term  for  that 
ridge  of  the  AjMiIaeliinn  chain,  which  sepa- 
rates North  Carolina  from  Tennessee. 

IROQUOIS,  i'o/H/(>  Aiix,  St.  Lawrence  eo. 
N.  Y.  on  the  river  St.  Ijawrenee,  6  or  7  miles 
above  the  Rapid  Plat.  It  is  advantageously 
situated  for  ennnnandiiig  the  passage  up  and 
down  the  St.  Lawrence. 


IRVILIiE,  V.  Muskingmu  eo.  Ohio. 

IRWIN,  eo.  (ieorgia,  bounding  Florida. 

II{WlNTON,  t.  Wilkinson  eo.  (ieo.  18  in, 
S.  by  W.  from  iVIilledgeville.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  jail,  and  a  Methodist  meeting- 
house. 

ISAAC'S  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into 
the  Ohio,  1  mile  below  Manchester. 

ISBELLS\  ll,LE,  v.  Todd  co.  Ken. 

ISINtiLASS,  r.  N.  H.  which  flows  into  tiic 
C'hocheeo. 

ISLAND  CREEK,  t.  Jeflbrson  co.  Oliio, 

ISLE  AL'X  NOIX,  an  island  in  Sorcl  r. 
L.  C.  about  10  m.  from  Lake  C'hami)lain. 

ISLEBOROUGH,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me. 

ISLE  OF  BEEVES,  isl.  N.  America,  in  the 
Bay  of  Campcachy,  17  ni.  long,  and  8  hroiid. 
It  is  fi-rtile,  and  abounds  in  cattle  and  fruit.<. 

ISLE  OF  HOOKSKT  FALLS,  N.  H.  on 
the  Merrimack,  between  Dunbarton  and  Clus- 
ter, 400  rods  below  the  entrance  of  Suncook 
river,  8  m.  above  Amoskeag  Falls,  8  .S.  by  E. 
from  Concord.  These  falls  are  shunned  by  a 
canal,  and  a  bridge  is  erected  across  the  river 
at  the  falls,  over  which  passes  the  liondondcrry 
turnpike.  Here  is  a  small  village,  containing 
a  post-office. 

ISLE  JESUS,  isl.  and  .seigniory,  Efiinghani 
CO.  L.  C.  It  is  situated  NE.  from  the  island ot 
Montreal  with  an  intervening  channel  of  St, 
Lawrence  river, 

ISLE  OF  ORLEANS,  isl.  eo.  and  srijrn- 
iory,  L.  C.  in  St.  Lawrence  river,  connncncini; 
4  m.  l)elow  Quebec. 

ISLE  ROYAL,  long  island  of  Lake  Su|x- 
rior,  100  m.  long,  and  40  wide  in  some  plact>. 

ISLE  DE  ST.  JOHN,  Seigniory,  Devon  CO. 
L.  C.  on  the  SE.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  45 
m.  l)elow  Quebec. 

ISLE  DU  PORTAGE,  Seigniory,  Comwal- 
lis  CO.  L.  {'.  on  the  SE.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrcnct, 
85  ni.  below  Quebec. 

ISLE  OF  SHOALS,  a  cluster  of  small 
islands  near  the  coast  of  New  Haiii|isliirc,  1h' 
tween  Newburyprt  iiud  Portsinoutli,  IkIoh!: 
ing  (o  New  Hampsbire  mid  Maine.  The  \i « 
Hampshire  [wrtion  constitutes  the  townsliipol 
Gos|K)rt.  They  are  barren  heaps  of  sand  ami 
rocks,  with  hardly  a  green  sod  u|X)n  them,  yti 
were  once  populous  and  wealthy.  The  inhab- 
itants live  solely  by  fishing,  and  the  Isle  oj 
Shanls  dun.Jish  arc  well  known  as  the  br>i 
cured  cod  in  the  world.  They  liave  now  about 
100  inhabitants,  and  a  light-house'has  been  re- 


ISL— JAC 


'21)9 


Cliii'f  towns. 

r?t.  Pierre 
Ikidgotowi^ 
St.  CJcorgc 
I'ort  of  Spuiu 
Kingston 

(  '!lVCllil<I(^ 

Sriirborough 
Ascnision 
,  VVilliamstadt 

1  CO.  Ohio, 
imliiifi  Florida, 
ju  CO.  (Jco.  If!  111. 
Ic.     It  contains  a 
Ictliotlist  nieetinir. 

io,  whicli  runs  into 
ichcstcr. 
dd  CO.  Ken. 
'bicii  flows  into  tin 

cfl'crson  co.  Ohio. 

isiland  in  Sortl  r. 
ke  C'haniplain. 
aldo  CO.  Mc. 
.  N.  Anii'rica,  intiii 

lonff,  and  H  hroad. 
n  cattle  and  fruits. 

FALLS,  N.  H.  on 
)unbarton  and  C'lies 
ntraucc  of  Suncook 
ajr  Falls,  8  S.  by  E. 
Is  are  shunned  by  a 
:tcd  across  the  river 
ses  the  Londonderry 
village,  containing 


.icigniory,  Effinghaiu 
%.  from  the  island  ot 
ning  channel  of  JJt. 


E 


isl.  CO.  and  mp- 
0  river,  connnencing 

island  of  Lake  Sn\*- 
wide  in  some  pluttN 
Seigniory,  Dcvoiuo. 
the  St.  Lawrence,  45 

,  Seigniory,  Comwal- 
;  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 

a   cluster  of  small 
New  Hamiishirc.  1h' 

Portsniouth,  Monti 
nd  Maine.  The  N- « 
itutes  the  townsliil"il 
on  heaps  of  sand  ami 
'M  sod  ujiou  them,  yet 
wealthy.  The  inhab; 
,ing,  and  the  /«'«»' 
1  known  as  the  hot 
They  have  now  abo\it 

rht-honsc'has  been  re- 


cently built  here.  A  cave  is  still  shown  Ujwn 
one  of  them,  ill  which  one  of  the  female  inhab- 
itants secreted  herself  when  the  islands  were 
invaded  by  the  Indians.  The  celebrated  cap- 
tain Smith  disco'-;red  these  islands,  and  they 
were  formerly  called  Smitli's  Isles. 

ISLE  OF  WKUFT,  co.  Va.  boimded  by 
Nansemond  SE.  by  Rlackwater  river  or  South- 
ampton SW.  Surrey  NVV.  and  .Fames  river  NE. 
Length  .'30  jii.  mean  width  I'l.  Chief  town, 
Smithfleld.  Pop.  in  18:20,  10,i;)L'i  in  1830, 
10,.il7. 

ISLE  OF  WKJII'l',  v.  Isle  of  Wight  co. 
Va.  30  m.  W.  from  Norfolk,  and  8!)  SE.  from 
Richmond.  Lat.  3G^  .W  N.;  Ion.  from  W. 
•2A'  E. 

ISLIP,  I.  SutToik  CO.  .\.  Y.  on  Long  Island. 

ISTAPA,  t.  Mexico,  in  llic  province  of  Cu- 
linean,  40  m.  10.  hy  S.  ofCnliacan. 

ITALY,  t.  Yates  eo.  N.  Y. 

ITHACA,  f.  .Tiid  cap.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. 
on  Cayuga  Fiako.  Pop.  .'),270.  It  has  several 
manufactories,  and  is  surrounded  by  iK-autiful 
scenery.  There  are  .-<ome  beautiful  cataracts 
in  the  neighborhood.    Distance  from  W.  '2'M)  m. 

IX\VO!{TII,  t.  C^ornwallis  co.  L.  C.  (13  m. 
XE.  from  Quebec. 

IZQULN'I'ENANNO,  f.  ."Mexico,  in  the 
province  of  Cliiapa.  The  country  uI)out  it  pro- 
duces cotton  and  a  great  quanlity  of  pine-ap- 
jiles.     It  is  100  m.  SE.  of  Chiapa. 

.1. 

.lACKSON,  t.  Waldo  co.  Maine,  23  in.  NW. 
from  Castine.     Pop.  493. 
JACKSON,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y. 
•lACKSON,  V.  Louisa  co.  Va. 
JACKSON,  CO.  (Jeo.  Iwuided  by  Clark  SE. 
Walton  SW.  Hall  and  Habersham  NW.  and 
Franklin  and   Madison  NE.     Fjength  2.}  m. 
mean  width  20  111.  Chief  town,  Jctlbrson.  Poj). 
ill  1820,  8,355;  in  1830,  i),000,  of  wliom2,81G 
are  colored. 

JACKSON,  CO.  of  Ohio,  around  the  Scioto 
suit  works,  Iwniided  hy  Lawrence  S.  Scioto 
SW.  Pike  W.  Ross  NW.  Hocking  N.  Athens 
XR.  and  (Jallia  SE.  Lengtii  30,  width  20  m. 
•-itone  coal  and  siUt  springs  are  found  hero, 
riiipf  town,  Jackson.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,74G ;  in 
1830,  5,!I74. 

JACKSON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Jackson 
CO.  Ohio,  28  m.  Sl'I.  from  Cliiilicollie,  74  SE. 
from  Columbus,  from  W.  387  m.    Pop.  321). 

Jackson,  t.  in  the  soutliem  part  of  Frank- 
lin CO.  Ohio.    Poi).  385. 

JACKSON,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  882. 

JA("KS0N,  t.  of  Pickaway  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,0G3, 

JACKSON,  t.  Higliland  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,365. 

JACKSON,  NE.  t.  Pike  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  8!)4. 

JACKSON,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  623. 

JACKSON,  t.  Cliamiiaigu  co.  Ohio,  con- 
taining 1,134  inhabitants. 

JACKSON,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  G49. 

JACKSON,  t.  in  the  southern  limits  of  Mon- 
roe CO.  Ohio.    Pop.  604. 

JACKSON,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  1 ,081 . 

J-\CKSON,  t.  Perry  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  1,352. 


JACKSON,  t.  in  the  western  borders  of 
.Montgomery  eo.  and  adjoining  the  co.  of  Preble, 
Ohio.     Pop.  1,377. 

J ACKS( )N,  Preble  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  1,1.52. 
JACKSON,  the   north-westernmost    t.  of 
Muskingum  eo.  Ohio.     Pop.  5!I3. 

J-\CKSON,  CO.  In.  on  White  Kiver,  bounded 
SE.  by  Scott,  S.  by  Washington,  W.  by  Law- 
reiiee,  NW.  by  Monroe,  N.  by  Delaware,  and 
E.  by  Jennings  ens. ;  h^ngth  30  m.  mean  widtli 
II).     Chiif  town,  IJnnvnstown.    Pop.  4,894. 

JACKSON,  v.  Jackson  co.  In.  8^1  m.  south- 
ward from  Indianapolis. 

JAtlxSON,  cij.  II.  bounded  by  the  Missis- 
sii)pi  river  SW.  by  IJandolph  NW.  and  N. 
Franklin  E.  and  I'nion  eo.  S. ;  length  30  m. 
mean  width  21.  Chief  town,  hrownsville.  Pop. 
l.-^20,  l,.-,42;  in  ls30,  1,SL>7. 

JACI\S(  )N,  V.  and  scat  of  justice,  Capo  (Ji- 
rardeau  eo.  12  m.  NVV.  from  Cape  (iirardcau, 
and  about  10  in  a  direct  line  trom  the  Missis- 
sippi river,  and  85G  m.  from  W.  Lat.  37=  26' ; 
Ion.  from  W.  12^  20'  W. 

JACKSON,  CO.  W.  Ten.  bounded  S.  by 
White,  W.  by  Smith,  N.  by  Monroe  co.  in 
Kent,  and  E.  by  Overton.  Length  28  m.  mean 
width  18.  Cumberland  river  crosses  this  co. 
in  an  oblique  (iirection  from  NE.  to  SW.  Chief 
town,  (Jainesborough.  Pop.  in  1820,  7,593;  in 
1830,9,902. 

JACKSON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Madison 
CO.  Ten.  on  tlie  S.  l)raneli  of  Forked  Deer 
river.  N.  lat.  35  '  58',  and  198  m.  a  little  S.  of 
W.  from  Murfreesborough ;  8G1  from  W.  Pop. 
11,7.50. 

JACKSON,  V.  on  the  IcR  bank  of  Tonibig- 
bee  river.  Clarke  eo.  Al.  12  ni.  below,  and  SE. 
from  St.  Stephens. 

JACKSON,  NE.  CO.  of  Al.  N.  of  Tennessee 
river,  bounded  by  Tennessee  river  SE.  by  De- 
catur CO.  SW.  and  by  Franklin  and  Marion 
cos.  N.  It  is  nearly  in  form  of  a  triangle;  30 
111.  by  a  direct  line  along  Tennessee  river,  an 
equal  distimce  on  Decatur  co.  and  an  ccjual 
distance  along  the  S.  lioundary  of  Tennessee 
Cliief  town,  15elle!bntc.  Pop.  in  1820,  8,751 
in  1830,  12,702. 

JACKSt)N,  CO.  Mississipjii,  on  the  gulf  ot 
Mexico,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Pascagoula.  Pop 
1,789,  of  whom  321  arc  colored. 

JACKSON,  t.  and  caj).  Feliciana  co.  Iiouis 
iaiia,  on  Thompson's  creek,  12  m.  W.  of  the 
Mississippi.  Its  public  buildings  are  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  academy.     Pop.  200. 

JACKSON  BOROUGH,  t.  Colleton  district 
S.  C.  on  the  W.  side  of  Edisto  river,  33  m.  W 
from  ('liarleston. 

JACKSONBOROUCxH,  t.  and  cap.  Scriven 
CO.  Geo.  on  Hriar  creek,  ()9  m.  NW.  from  Sa- 
vannah, .54  ni.  SE.  from  Augusta,  and  634  in. 
from  W. 

JACKSONBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Campbell  co. 
East  Tennessee,  N.  of  Kno.xville,  and  543  m. 
from  W. 
JACKSON'S  MILLS,  v.  Harrison  co.  Va. 
.1  ACMvSON'S  RIVER,  Va.  rises  in  the  Warm 
Spring  mountains,  and  flowing  SW.  is  joined 
by  (^owi)asture  river,  and  forms  .Taines  river. 
Near  its  source  is  a  iH'rpendicular  fiill  of  200  feet. 


ti 


'm 


300 


JAC— JAM 


'); 


*J§I  '.t 


JACKSON  TOWN,  v.  Jackson  ro.  Al. 

JACKSONVILLPJ,  v.  Wood  co.  Va. 

JACKSONVILLE,  or  Telfairton,  t.  nnd  cap 
Telfair  co.  Geo.  753  m.  from  W. 

JACKSONVILLE,  v.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio, 
18  m.  NW.  from  Lancaster. 

JACOBSBURG,  v.  Bci-nont  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
100. 

JACQUES  CARTIER,  r.  L.C,  which  rises 
in  some  small  lakes,  in  Ion.  71°  20'  W. ;  lat. 
48°  N.  and  falls  into  the  St.  Lav;renco  in  tiie 
seigniory  of  the  same  name. 

JACQUES  CARTIER,  seigniory,  Hamp- 
fihire  co.  L.  C.  extending  from  the  N.  bank  of 
St,  Lawrence  river,  between  the  seigniory  of 
D'Auteuil,  and  the  Barony  of  Portneuf,  cross- 
ing the  rivers  Jacques  Cartier,  Savonnis,  and 
SL  Anne. 

JAFFREY,  t.  Cheshire  co.  New  Hamp- 
shire,  36  m.  SW.  from  Concord.  Pop.  1,3.54. 
Here  are  found  red  and  yellow  ochre,  alum, 
vitriol,  and  black  lead.  A  company  is  incor- 
porated  for  the  manufacture  of  earthenware. 
Grand  Monadnock  mountain  is  in  this  town. 

JAMAICA,  one  of  the  Weat-India  islands. 
It  is  the  third  in  point  of  size,  but  the  first  in 
point  of  commercial  importance.  It  is  1.50  m. 
long,  and  60  broad,  but  narrower  towards  the 
extremities,  resembling  an  ellipsis.  The  Blue 
IMountains  pervade  this  island  from  one  ex- 
tremity to  the  other.  The  plains  abound  in 
excellont  pasturage  for  cattle,  and  flourisiiing 
sugar  plantations.  The  mountains  near  Span- 
ish Town  are  resorted  to,  on  account  of  their 
mineral  waters.  Lead  is  the  only  metal  found 
here.  The  summit  of  the  highest  mountain 
is  7,800  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Sugar 
is  the  great  staple  of  tliis  island,  and  although 
much  more  abundant  in  some  weasons  than  in 
others,  is  more  uniform  than  in  the  other  islands. 
But  the  colonists  of  late  have  directed  their 
attention  much  to  the  cultivation  of  cotton. 
Pimento  and  ginger  are  among  the  products. 
The  finest  maJiogany  abounds.  The  soap  tree 
is  common.  The  bread  fruit  tree  has  been 
transplanted  here,  and  all  the  tropical  fruits 
and  productions  come  to  maturity,  pticIi  v.s 
oranges,  lemons,  shaddocks,  citrons,  pome- 
granates, pine-apples,  prickly  pears,  and  many 
others.  The  plantain,  which  Jamaica,  in  com- 
mon witli  the  other  West-India  islands,  pro- 
duces in  abundance,  is  one  of  the  most  agrcca- 
able  and  nutritious  vegetables  ni  the  world. 
Jamaica  contains  three  counties,  Middlesex, 
Surrey,  and  Cornwall,  The  government  is 
composed  of  the  legislative  assembly,  and  a 
governor  and  council  appointed  by  the  king. 
The  chief  towns  are  Kingston  and  St.  Jago  de 
la  Vega,  or  Spanish  town.  The  latter  is  the 
scat  of  government.  Port  Royal,  once  the 
largest  town  in  the  island,  was  destroyed  by  a 
tremendous  earthquake.  The  population  of 
the  whole  island  is  about  400,000  souls,  of 
whom  only  40,000  are  whites. 

JAMAICA,  t  Windham  co.  Vt.  .35  m.  SW, 
from  Windsor.     Pop,  1,523. 

JAM.\ICA,  v.  Queens  co.  Long  Island,  N.  Y. 
13  m.  E,  from  New- York.  Pop.  of  the  t,  2,376. 


The  village  contains  an  academy,  and  3  or  4 
places  of  public  worship. 

JAMAICA  PLAINS,  in  the  W,  part  of 
Roxbury,  ;\Iass. ;  5  m.  SW.  from  Boston.  They 
encompass  a  pond  containing  160  acres,  and 
arc  remarkable  for  tlieir  delightful  scenery  and 
elegant  country -scats. 

jAMf]S  BAY,  the  southern  extension  of 
Hudson's  bay.  It  abounds  with  islands  of  va- 
rious extent,  and  reaches  as  far  south  as  lat. 
52°  N,  receiving  a  number  of  rivers,  the  prin- 
cipal of  which  are  Albany,  Moose,  Hurricane, 
and  East  Maine, 

JAMES,  island  on  the  coast  of  S.  C.  be- 
tween  Stono  river,  and  Charleston  harbor. 

JAMES  CITY,  CO.  Va.  between  York  and 
James  river,  and  bounded  by  Warwick  SE. 
James  river  and  Chickihominy  river  SW.  New 
Kent  NW.  and  York  river  and  York  co.  NE. 
Length  23  m,  mean  width  about  8,  Chief 
town,  Williamsburg.  Pop,  in  1820,  3,161 ;  in 
1830,  3,838. 

JAMES  CITY,  v.  Madison  co.  Va. 

JAMES  ISLAND,  small  island  in  the  river 
Ashley,  3  m.  S.  from  Charleston.  Lon.  80° 
W. ;  lat.  32°  44'  N. 

JAMES  ISLAND,  small  island  near  the 
coast  of  Maryland,  in  the  Chesapeake.  Lon. 
76°  25'  W. ;  lat  38°  40'  N. 

JAMES  RIVER,  r.  Va.  formed  by  the  union 
of  Jackson  and  Cowpasture  rivers,  -\t  the 
point  where  it  begins  to  break  through  the 
Blue  Ridge,  it  is  joined  by  North  river.  The 
flourishing  towns  of  Lynchburg  and  Rich- 
mond stand  on  its  banks.  It  joins  the  Atlan- 
tic in  Hampton  Road,  at  the  mouth  of  Chesa- 
peake Bay.  Its  general  course  is  S.  of  E.  A 
40  gun  ship  may  go  up  to  Jamestown,  and  by 
lightening  herselt;  to  Harrison's  bar,  where 
there  are  15  feet  of  water.  It  is  navigable 
for  sloops  as  far  up  as  Richmond,  and  for  b.i- 
teaux  220  m,  above  Richmond,  opening  a  val- 
uable navigation  into  an  extensive  and  pro- 
ductive  country. 

JAMES  RIVER,  Arkansas,  rises  in  the 
highlands  a  few  miles  S.  of  the  Gasconade, 
and  running  SW.  200  m.  during  which  course 
it  receives  Findlcy's  river  and  other  streams, 
enters  White  river  1,000  m.  from  its  mouth. 
The  soil  on  its  banks  is  among  the  most  fer- 
tile of  any  in  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi. 
Lead  mines  occur  on  its  banks  20  m.  above 
the  junction  of  Findlcy's  river. 

JAMESTOWN,  t.  Newport  co.  R.  I.  on 
Canon icut  Island,  2  m,  W.  from  Newport. 
Fop.  414. 

JAMJCSTOWN,  t.  .Tomes  City  co.  Va.  on 
an  island  in  James  river,  32  m.  above  its 
mouth,  8  m.  SW,  from  Williamsburg,  65  ESE. 
from  Rielimond,  This  town  was  established 
in  1608,  nnd  was  the  first  settled  town  by  the 
English  in  the  U.  States.  The  town  is  now 
in  ruins,  nnd  almost  desolate;  two  or  tliree 
old  houses,  the  ruins  of  an  old  steeple,  a  church- 
yard, and  faint  marks  of  rude  fortifications,  are 
the  only  memorials  of  its  former  importance. 

JAMESTOWN,  v.  Guilford  co.  N.  C. 

JAMESTOWN,  V.  Prince  Edward  co.  Va. 


1! 

t   f! 


JAM— JEF 


301 


Icmy,  and  3  or  4 


on  the  Appomntox,  12  in.  NE.  of  the  court- 
house. 

JAM ESVILLE,  v.  Onondafro  co.  N.  Y.  in 
Manlius,  4  m.  E.  from  Onondaga  Hollow,  46 
W.  from  Utica. 

;AM ESVILLE,  V.  Clarendon  district,  S.  C. 

JAQUES,  or  .Tames,  r.  La.  which  flows  into 
the  Missouri,  ]')0  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

JASPER,  CO.  Geo.  bounded  S..  by  Jones,  W. 
by  Henry  and  Newton,  N.  by  Walton,  E.  by 
Putnam.  Lcno;th  2.5  m.  breadth  18.  Fop. 
in  1820,  13,614;  in  1830,13,131.  Chief  town, 
Monticcllo. 

JAUFLIONE,  r.  La.  which  runs  into  tlic 
Mississippi,  Ion.  DP  4.)'  W. ;  lat.  3\P  26'  N. 

JAY,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  60  m.  N.  from  Mont- 
pelier.    Pop.  196. 

JAY,  i.  Oxford  co.  Me.  21  m.  NE.  from 
Paris,  175  NNE.  from  Boston.     Pop.  1,276. 

JAY,  t.  Essex  ca  N.  Y,  141  m.  N.  from 
Albany.     Pop.  1,729. 

JEAN  RASEL,  t.  of  St.  Domingo  on  the 
sea-coast,  12  m.  NR  from  St.  Nicholas  le  Mole, 
Ion.  73=  20'  W. ;  lat.  19°  55'  N. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  28  m. 
NE.  from  Wiscassot,  200  NE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  2,074. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  7  m.  SE. 
from  Lancaster.    Pop.  495. 

JEFFERSON,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N\V.  by 
tlie  St.  Lawrence,  NE.  by  St.  Lawrence  co. 
SE.  by  Lewis  and  Oswego  cos.  S,  by  Oneida 
CO.  and  W.  by  Lake  Ontario.  Pop.  in  1820, 
32,952 ;  in  1830,  48,515.  Chief  town.  Water- 
town. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.48  m. 
SW.  from  Albany.     Pop.  1,743. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
1,551. 

JEFFERSON  co.  NW.  part  of  Pa.  bounded 
N.  by  Warren  and  M'Kean  cos.  E.  by  M'lvean 
and  Clearfield  cos.  S.  by  Indiana  co.  and  W. 
by  Armstrong  and  Venango  cos.  Pop.  2,225. 
Chief  town,  Biookvillc. 

JEFFERSON,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Pa. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Greene  co.  Pa.  Fop. 
1,292. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Washington  co.Pa.l7  m. 
from  Washington,  Fa. 

JEFFERSON,  co.  N.  part  of  Va.  bounded 
NE  by  the  Potomac,  E.  by  Loudon  co.  S.  by 
Frederick  co.  and  W.  by  Berkeley  co.  Pop. 
12,927,  of  whom  3,999  are  colored.  Chief  town, 
Charlcstown. 

JEFFERSON,  co.  R  part  of  Ohio.  Fop. 
22,489.    Chief  town,  Stcubcnvillc. 

JEFFERSON,  t  Scioto  co.  Ohio.  Fop. 
5G6. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Ross  co.  Oliio.  Fop.  1,645. 

JEFFERSON,  t  Preble  co.  Ohio.  Fop. 
1,402. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,240. 

JEFFERSON,  t  Montgomery  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  1,757. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Fayette  co.  Ohio.  Fop. 
1,267. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Madison  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
409. 


JEFFERSON,  (.  and  cap.  Ashtabula  co. 
Ohio,  on  Mill  crrek,  about  65  m.  E.  from 
Cleveland.     Fop.  270. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio.  It 
is  situated  in  Pickaway  Plains,  3  m.  S.  from 
Circlcville,  16  N.  from  Chillicothe.     Fop.  119. 

JEFFERSON,  co.  N.  part  of  Ken.  on  the 
Ohio.     Fop.  24,002.    Cliicf  town,  Louisville. 

JEFFEIJSON,  CO.  E.  Ten.  Fop.  11,799. 
Chief  town,  Dandridgc. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Rutherford  co.  Ten.  22  m. 
SSE.  from  Nashville.  Near  this  town  there  is 
a  mineral  spring. 

JEFFERSON,  co.  central  part  of  Georgia. 
Pop.  7,309,  of  whom  3,706  arc  colored.  Chief 
town,  l/ouisville.  Jcft'crson  Baths,  in  tliis 
county,  12  m.  NE.  from  Louisville,  are  much 
resorted  to. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  Camden  co.  Georgia,  on 
tiic  Great  Satilln,  56  m.  SW.  from  Daricn. 
It  is  the  seat  of  justice  for  the  county.  It  is 
situated  about  20  m.  from  the  mouth  of  the 
river. 

JEFFERSON,  co.  Miso.  bounded  by  the 
Mississippi  river  E.  St.  Genevieve  and  Wash- 
ington cos.  S.  Franklin  W.  and  NVV'.  and  Mer- 
rimack river  or  St.  Louis  co.  N.  Length  30 
m.  width  25.  Chief  town,  Herculancum.  Pop. 
in  1820,  1,8.35;  in  1830,  2,.586. 

JEFFERSON,  t.  and  cap.  Jackson  co.  Geo. 
it  contains  a  court-house  and  a  jail. 

J  EFFERSON,  r.  N.  America.  It  is  a  fork 
of  the  Missouri  in  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

JEFFERSON,  co.  of  Mis.  on  the  Missis- 
sippi river,  bounded  by  that  stream  NW.  by 
Claiborne  N.  uncertain  on  the  E.  by  Franklin 
S.  and  Adams  SW.  Length  30  m.  breadth 
18.  Besides  the  Mississippi  river,  this  county 
is  watered  by  Fairchilds  and  Coles  creeks,  in 
the  centre,  and  by  tlic  sources  of  Honiochitto 
river,  and  Bayou  Pierre,  in  the  E.  Fop.  in 
1820,  6,822;  in  1830,  9,755.  Chief  town, 
Greenville. 

.JEFFERSON  CI-TY,  v.  Cole  co.  Miso.  on 
the  right  bank  of  Missouri  river,  15  m.  above 
the  mouth  of  Osage  river. 

JEFFERSON  RIVER,  NW.  branch  of  the 
Missouri,  joins  Madison  river  at  lat.  45°  N. ; 
Ion.  30^  4o'  AV.  from  W.  and  forms  the  Mis- 
souri.  A  short  distance  liolow  their  junction, 
Gallatin's  river  enters  the  united  stream  from 
the  SE. 

JEFFERSONTON,  v.  Culpeper  co.  Va.  20 
m.  N.  from  Culpeper. 

JEFFERSONTON,  v.  Ashe  co.  N.  C. 

JEFFERSONTOWN,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ken. 

JEFFERSONVILLE,  t.  Tazewell  co.  Va. 
on  N.  fork  of  Clinch  ri-er,  50  m.  NE.  from 
Abingdon. 

JEFFERSONVILLE,  t.  Clark  co.  Indiana, 
on  the  Ohio,  just  alx>ve  the  Rapids,  and  nearly 
opposite  Louisville,  Lat.  38°  30'  N.  It  is  a 
flourishing  town,  and  contains  a  lond  oflice, 
and  aI)out  130  houses. 

JEFFERY'S  CREEK,  r.  S.  C.  which  nms 
into  the  Great  Fedee,  Ion.  79°  29'  W. ;  lat.  34° 
8'N. 

JEFFERY'S  LEDGE,  a  sand-bank  on  the 
coast  of  Massacimsctts,  between  Cape  Ann 


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JEM— jcm 


and  Casco  Bay.  Lon.  GD^*  38'  W. ;  Int.  43^ 
10' N. 

J  K.M.\PPE,  V.  Caroline  co.  Va. 

.IKNITO  BRID(;E,  v.  Powhatan  co.  Va. 

JENIvINTOWN,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 
12  ni.  xM.  from  Phihulrlpliia. 

JENKINS'  ISLAND, small  island  near  the 
coast  of  S.  C.  Lon.  80°  40'  W. ;  iat.  32° 
20'  N. 

J  ENNERVILLE,  v.  Somerset  co.  Pa. 

JENNJlUVIfJ.E,  V.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

JENNINGS,  CO.  In.  bounded  by  Jefferson 
NE.  Scott  and  Jackson  SVV.  Delaware  NW. 
and  Ri|iley  E.  I,en}rtli  24  m.  breadtli  18.  Soil 
prodiietive,  Chief  town,  Mount  Vernon.  Pop. 
in  1H2(),  2,000  ;  in  1H30,  3,!»50.  Eat.  3!)°  N. ; 
lon.  8°  30'  W.  from  W. 

JENN1N(;S'  ORDINARY,  t.  Nottnwny 
CO.  Va.  (k)  Ml.  S\V.  front  Rieliinoiid. 

JEREMIE,  t.  and  capo  on  the  \.  side  of 
the  sonthern  peninsula  of  the  ishind  ol"St.  Do-  of  the  most  renfiilnr  towns  in  the  West  Indies 


city  -of 'St.  John.  It  is  navigable  fiO  m.  for 
slm)])8  of  50  tons,  and  about  200  for  boats ;  and 
affords  a  common  and  near  route  from  the 
|)rovince  of  New  Brunswick  to  Quebec. 

JOHN,  iSf.  a  city  of  New  Bnmswick,  situate 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  St.  John,  in  the  b;iy 
of  Fundy.  It  stands  in  a  high  situation,  niul 
is  regularly  built.  The  harlwr  is  open  throupli. 
out  the  year,  and  the  city  carries  on  an  exti  ii. 
sive  commerce.  Lon.  G5°  1.5'  W. ;  lut.  4P 
12'  N. 

JOHN,iS'«.  the  chief  town  of  Newfoundland, 
situate  on  the  E.  side  of  the  island.  It  has  n 
good  harbor,  entirely  land-locked,  and  defend, 
ed  by  several  forts,  in  one  of  which  the  {rnv- 
ernor  of  the  island  resides.  This  town  suffc  r- 
ed  very  severely  by  re|)eafed  fires  during  tlic 
years  1810,  1817,  and  1818.  Lon.  .52  2(1'  W.; 
lit.  47='  32'  N. 

.fOlIN,  Si.  the  capital  of  Antigua.    It  is  nn.. 


niingo.  The  town  is  situate  on  an  eminence, 
in  a  fi-rtile  soil,  pnrtieularly  excellent  for  tlie 
culture  of  coffee,  .5  in.  W.  of  St.  Domingo. 
J-on.  33  .V  E. ;  Iat.  18^  42'  N.  from  W. 

JIOUICHO,  t.  Chittend(  n  co.  \i.  on  N.  side 
of  Onion  river,  15  ni.  E.  from  Burlington.  Pop. 
1,654. 

JERICHO.     See  BaJiihriihrf. 


and  has  the  most  connnodious  harbor  in  tlio 
Leeward  islands.  Lon.  G2°  4'  W. ;  Iat.  IT-' 
4'N. 

JOHN,  St.  a  town  and  fort  of  Ii.  Canadn,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  Chambly  or  Richelieu  rivir, 
nt  the  N.  end  of  Lake  Chaniplain.  In  171)()  it 
was  made  the  sole  port  of  entry  and  clearance 
for  all  goods  imiwrfed  from  the  U.  States  into 


JERICHO,  v.  in  Oyster  Bay,  Long  Island,  Canada.     It  is  20  ni.  E.  by  S.  from  Montreal, 


N.Y, 

JEROMESVILLE,  v.  Wayne  co.  Ohio. 

JERSEY,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.     Pop.  2,3!)1. 

JERSEY  CITY,  or  Paultis  Hook,  t.  Ber- 

gen .  CO.  N.  J.  on  the  Hudson,  opposite  New 

York,  1  m.  distant,  22G  from  W.     It  contains 

a  bank. 

JERSEYTOWN,  v.  Columbia  co.  Pa. 
JERSEY  SHORE,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  on 
N.  side  of  Die  W.  braneiiof  the  Susiinehannah, 
20  m.  AV.  from  Willianisirart. 

JERUSALEM,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  W. 
side  of  Crooked  Lake,  20  ni.  S.  from  Canan- 
daigua.  This  town  is  the  prinei|)al  residence 
of  the  followers  of  Jemima  Wilkinson. 
.  JERUSALEM,  v.  in  Benton,  N.  Y. 
■  JERUSALEM,  t.  Wasliington  co.  Md.  on 
the  Antictam,  SVV.  of  Hagarstowu. 

JERUS.VLEM,  t.  Southampton  eo.  Va.  on 
the  Nottaway,  G3  m.  WSW.  from  Norfolk. 

JEWET'i"S  CITY,  V.  New  London  co. 
Ct.  on  the  Quinebang;  8  m.  NE.  from  Nor- 
wich. 

JOBSTOWN,  V.  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 
JOHN,  St.  a  small  island  in  the  West  Indies, 
N.  of  St.  Croix,  belonging  to  the  Danes.     It 
has  a  town  and  spacious  iiarbor. 

JOHN,  St.  or  Prince  Edward,  an  island  in 
the  S.  part  of  the  (iulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  hav- 
ing New  Brunswick  on  the  W.  Nova  Scotia  on 
the  S.  and  Cape  Breton  on  the  E.  It  is  GO  m. 
long  and  30  broad,  and  fertile,  with  several 
streams.  In  1745  it  surrendered,  with  Cajie 
Breton,  to  the  English.  The  capital  is  Char- 
lotte Town. 

JOHN,  St.  a  river  which  rises  in  the  NW. 
part  of  the  district  of  Maine,  flowing  NE.  into 
New  Brunswick,  where  it  soon  takes  a  SSI',. 
course,  and  enters  tK^  ' "  •    "  "     " 


and  110  N.  by  E.  from  Crown  Point.    Lon. 
730  20'  W. ;  Iat.  45°  25'  N. 

JOHN'S  BAY,  bay  on  the  coast  of  Maine, 
Lon.  G'.P  .30'  W. ;  Iat.  53°  50'  N. 

.JOHN'S  RIVER,  r.  N.  II.  which  runs  into 
the  Connecficuf,  in  Dalton. 

JOHN'S  RIVER,  r.  N.  C.  which  joins  flic 
Catawba,  below  Burke  court-house. 

JOHN'S  ISLAND,  isl.  of  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  coast  of  S.Carolina,  a  little  S.  from  Ciiarlef- 
ton,  30  m.  in  circumference.  Lon.  80°  10' W,; 
Iat.  32°  42'  N. 

JOHNSBURCr,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  on  W. 
side  of  the  Hudson,  23  m.  NW.  from  Caldwell, 
Pop.  !)85. 

JOHNSON,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  35  ni,  N. 
from  Mont))elier.     Po|).  1,070. 

JOHNSON,  CO.  N.  C.  bounded  by  Sanijwnn 
S.  Cund)erland  S\V.  Wake  NW.  Nash  NE, 
and  Wayne  E.  and  SE. ;  length  32  ni.  nicnii 
width  20.  It  is  intersected  by  Neusc  river 
from  NW.  to  SE.  Chief  town,  Smitlifield. 
Pop.  in  1820,  i),GOT;  in  1830, 1),G07. 

JOHNSON,  eo.  111.  bounded  by  Ohio  river 
S.  by  Alexander  and  Union  W.  Franklin  N. 
and  Poi)e  E.;  length  30  m.  breadth  18.  Sur 
face  hilly  towards  Ohio  river,  but  more  level 
in  the  interior.  Soil  fertile.  Chief  town,  Wil- 
kinsonviUe.    Pop.  1820,  843 ;  1830, 1,.5!J6. 

JOHNS0NBUR(t,  v.  Warren  co.  N.  J.  M 
m.  NE.  from  Easton  in  Pa.  and  74  N.  from 
Trenton. 

J(  )HNS0NSRURG,  t  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  10  in. 

from  Newton.     Here  is  an  Episcopal  eliurcli. 

JOHNSON'S  (^REEK,  V.  Niagara  co.  N.Y. 

JOHNS(JN'S  FORT,  on  .lames'  Island,S.C 

at  the  entrance  of  (Charleston  harbor. 

JOHNSON'S  MILLS,  v.  Dallas  co.  Al.  9  in. 
fVom  (\ihawba- 


JOH— JUN 


303 


CO.  Vt.  35  in.  N. 


JOHNSON'S  POINT,  c^yc  on  SVV.  coast 
of  Antigua.     Lon.  fil^  3.V  W. ;  Int.  17=  10'  N. 

JOHNSON'S  SF/r'ri-K.MKNT,  v.  Tioga 
CO.  N.  Y. 

JOHNSON'S  SFRINOS,  v.  (Joochhuul  co. 
Va.  2.5  ni.  NW.  by  W.  fniiii  Richmond. 

JOHNSTON,  t  Trunibuil  co.  ( )liio.  Pop. 
400. 

JOHNSTON,  Fort,  N.C*.  on  tiin  ri},'iit  banii 
of  Ca|K'  Fear  river,  at  its  nioutii. 

JOHNSTON,  t.  Providence  eo.  R.  I.  I  ni. 
\V.  from  Providence.  l*o]>.  u',lll.  Hero  arc 
several  cotton  niiinnl'aetriries. 

JOHNST(.)N'S  STRATI'S,  between  llie 
continent  oi'  N.  America  and  tlie  islands  of 
Quadra  and  Vaneonver  :  it  unites  tineea  Cliar- 
lofte's  Sound  to  the  (iuH'of  (iuinea.  Jion.  irom 
VV.  4G^  W. ;  hit.  '){)  -'  ;}.")'  N. 

JOHNSTON VIIJJ:,  t.  Randolph  co.  N.  C. 
85  m.  NW.  from  Favetteviile. 

JOHNSTOWN,  IK",  is  situated  upon  tiie 
river  St.  Iiawroncc,  alK)ve  the  uppermost  raji- 
ids  in  ascondinfT  to  Lake  Ontario,  and  is  a  mile 
square.  From  this  town  vessels  may  b(;  navi- 
gated with  safety  to  Quccnstown,  and  to  the 
ports  of  Lake  Ontario.  It  is  nearly  o[)|)osito 
Ogrdensburgf  in  New  York. 

JOHNSTOWN,  district,  U.  C.  on  the  river 
St.  Lawrence. 

JOHNSTOWN,  t.  and  caj).  Montiromcry  co. 
N.  Y.  on  N.  side  of  the  Mohawk,  41  m.  NW. 
from  Albany.  Pop.  7,700.  The  largo  villajrc 
of  Johnstown  is  4  m.  N.  of  the  Mohawk,  and 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  and 
several  houses  of  pid)lic  worship;  1  for  Pres- 
byterians, and  1  tor  Episcopalians.  It  is  415 
m.  from  W. 

JOHNSTOWN,  V.  Livingston  co.  N.  Y. 

JOHNSTOWN,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio,  on  a 
branch  of  Licking  creek,  20  m.  NW.  from 
Newark.     Pop.  217. 

JOHNSTOWN,  a  thriving  v.  in  Cambria 
CO.  Pa.  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Alleghany  moun- 
tain, situated  on  the  Pennsylvania  canal,  at  its 
junction  with  the  rail-road,  about  20  m.  S.  by 
W.  from  Ebcnsbnrg. 

JONASVILLE,  V.  Alleghany  co.  Md. 

JONES,  CO.  S.  part  of  N.  C.  Pop.  5,028. 
Chief  town,  Trenton. 

JONES,  CO.  W.  part  of  Geo.  Pop.  13,342, 
of  whom  6,873  arc  colored.  Ohief  town,Chnton. 

JONES,  Cape,  in  Hudson's  Bay.  Lon.  79° 
W. ;  lat.  58^  50'  N. 

JONESBOROlKiH,  s-p.  and  t.  Washington 
CO.  Me.  N.  of  Kenncbcck  Ray,  8  ni.  W.  from 
iVIachias.     Po|).  810. 

JONESBOROUtJIf,  t.  Washington  co.  Ten. 
on  the  Holston,  1(5  m.  S.  ti-oni  Hlonntsville,  100 
BNK.  from  Kno.wille.  Pop.  about  !»00.  It 
contains  a  bank,  u  printing-otHeo,  a  court- house, 
a  jail,  and  a  Presbyterian  ehureli. 

JONESBUR(;,'t.  Camden  co.  N.  C.  GG  m. 
S.  from  Norfolk.  It  is  the  chief  town  of  tiie 
county,  and  contains  a  court-house. 

JONES'  (^REiliC,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  hito  the 
Delaware.     Lat.  4(1^  '),<  N. 

JONES'  FALLS,  r.  Md.  pa.sses  tlirough  the 
city  of  Baltimore,  and  empties  into  the  harlwr. 
It  is  14  m.  long,  and  affords  many  mill-seats. 


JONES'  ISLAND,  i.sl.  in  Hudson's  Bay. 
Lon.  (;.{ '  W. ;  lat.  Gl-'  .J2'  N. 

JONKSTOWN,  t.  Lebanon  eo.  Pa.  at  tlic 
juni'tion  of  llu!  Swetara  and  Little  Swctara, 
23  m.  E.NF.  from  Harrisburg. 

.TONKSVILLE,  t.  Leo  co.  Va.  in  Powell's 
Valley,  2  or  3  m.  from  Powell's  river,  and  70 
W.  IroMi  Abiuijdon. 

JONKS villi;,  v.  Surrey  eo.  N.  C. 
JOI'PA,  t.  Ilarlbrd  eo.  .\ld.  20  m.  E.  by  N. 
ii'OMi  iiiiitiinore. 

JOSEPH'S  KEY,  small  isl.  in  the  gulf  of 
.■Mexico,  near  the  const  of  Florida.     Lon.  81)" 
:W  W.;  lit.  -MP  S'  N. 
JOl'RDANS,  v.  F,incoln  co.  (ico. 

JOY,  V.  Kenuebcck  eo.  .Ale.  110  ni.  N.  from 
I'orthuid. 

.H'A.N,  Si.  or  Desanu.idero,  a  river  of  Mex- 
ico, which  is  the  outUt  ot'Lake  Nicaragua.  It 
flows,  from  the  SE.  corner  of  the  lake,  in  an 
E.  direction,  between  the  province  of  Nicaragua 
and  Costa  Rica,  into  the  Caribbean  Sea. 

JI'AN,  NV.a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  province 
of  Nicaragn.n,  situate  at  the  head  of  the  river 
St.  Juan,  110  m.  E.  of  Nicaragua.  Lon.  84^ 
45' W.;  l.it.  11°  l.r  N. 

JIJAN  DE  FUCA,  Stmit  of,  a  large  bay  or 
Gulf  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  on  the  W.  coa.st  of 
N.  America.  The  entrance  is  in  lon.  124° 
.55'  W. ;  lat.  48  =  2.5'  N. 

JUAN  DE  PUERTO  RICO,  St.  island  of 
the  W.  Indies,  50  m.  E.  of  Ilispaniola,  and 
usually  called  Porto  Rico.  It  is  100  ni.  long 
and  50  broad,  and  belongs  to  tlu^  Spaniards. 
It  is  very  mountainous,  but  the  valleys  are  ex- 
tremely fertile  and  well  watered.  It  produces 
sugar,  rum,  ginger,  corn,  and  fruits,  mostly  in- 
digenous, but  some  of  them  introduced  from 
Spain,  ('attle  are  so  iilenty,  that  they  are 
hunted  for  the  skins  alone.  Here  are  a  great 
number  of  uncommon  trees,  and  gold  has  been 
found  in  the  N.  ])art  of  Uw.  island.  It  is  sub- 
ject to  storms  and  hurricanes,  like  the  rest  of 
these  islands.  The  ea|)ital  is  of  the  same  name. 
Lon.  67^4'  W.;  lat.  18^  17'  N. 

.TUAN  DE  PUKRTO  RICO,  .S7.  capital  of 
an  island  of  the  same  name,  with  a  good  har- 
bor, defended  by  several  forts.  It  is  a  bishop's 
see,  and  seated  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  Lslaud. 
Lon.  GIP  1'  W. ;  lat.  18^  2i»'  N. 

JUAN  RODRIGUEZ  CABRILLO,  isl.  on 
the  coast  of  New  CaUfornia.  Lon.  120°  31' 
W. ;  lat.  34°  N. 

JUAN  DE  ULUA,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Mexi- 
co, in  the  bay  of  Vera  Cruz.  A  very  strong 
fortress  now  covers  nearly  the  wlioU;  rock,  the 
expense  of  which  is  said  to  have  l)een  uj)wards 
of  eight  millions  sterling. 

JUANICO,  island,  in  the(Julf  of  ("lahfornia. 
Lon.  107 Ml'  W.;  lat.  2P  4.5' N. 

JUDI'l'H,  roint,  the  W.  point  at  the  en- 
trance of  Narraganset  Bay,  R.  I.  !l  m.  SSW. 
from  Newjwrt.  Lon.  71°  .3.5'  W.;  lat.  41° 
24'  N. 

jr^DITH'S  RIVER,  r.  N.  America,runs  Into 
the  Mis.>Jouri,  2,440  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

JULIFSTOVVN,  v.  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 

JULIiri",  mt.  II.  NW.  of  the  Illinois  river. 

Jr\LVI"i"A,  navigable  r.  Pa.  formed  by  3 


F^^^ 

1 

■kifMB 

I 

1-  -l^  V 

\M 

\M 

304 


JUN— KEN 


K. 


|<     «t 


.-m^ 


branclicR,  which  rise  in  tlic  bounties  of  Cum- 
bria, Ikdford,  and  Iluntingdo.i.  It  hus  an  E. 
course,  and  joins  the  Susquchannah,  11  in. 
above  Ilnrrisburg. 

JUNIUS,  t.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y.  25  m.  N.  from 
Ovid,  18-i  WNVV.  from  Albany.     Pop.  l,r)8I. 

JURULLO,  a  very  remnrkublc  volcano  of 
iMexico,  in  tlie  state  of  Mechoacan.  Lon.  from 
W.  2.P  10'  VV. ;  iat.  1!)°  [)'  N.  It  was  formed 
by  an  irruption  in  one  nijjht,  tetvvcen  Septem- 
ber 28th  and  39th,  1751t.  The  irruption  was 
preceded  by  sliocks  of  carthqualies  from  the 
month  of  July.  The  conical  summit  is  524 
feet  in  heiglit. 

K. 

KAKIAK,  V.  in  Hampstead  co.  N.  Y. 

KANKAKEE,  wiiich  rises  near  tiic  head 
waters  of  the  St.  Joseph's  of  Miciiijran,  in  In- 
diana, and  passing  into  Illinois,  unites  with  tlie 
Desplanes,  to  form  the  river  Illinois.  In  time 
of  high  water,  boats  pass  from  the  Kankakee 
to  the  St.  Joseph's. 

KANSAS,  r.  Miso.  which  rises  in  the  plains 
between  the  Platte  and  the  Arkansas,  and  joins 
the  Missouri  in  hit.  39=  5'  N.  310  m.  above  its 
mouth.     It  is  navigable  900  miles, 

KASKASKIA,  r.  II.  rising  in  the  E.  part  of 
the  state  near  the  W.  boundary  of  Indiana,  and 
llovving  S\V.  1)}'  comparative  courses  about 
250  m.  it  falls  into  the  Mississipjji  abont  100  m. 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio. 

KASIvASKIA,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Ran- 
dolph CO.  Illinois,  situated  on  an  extensive  p.  in, 
not  far  from  the  commencement  of  the  Ameri- 
can Bottom,  1 1  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the 
river  on  which  it  stands,  and  6  milrs  from  the 
nearest  point  of  the  Mississippi.  This  town 
was  one  of  the  first  establishments  made  by 
the  French  in  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi ; 
and  is  a  place,  whose  origin  dates  further  back 
than  that  of  Philadelphia.  It  was  once  of 
great  inifwrtanee,  containing  7,000  inhabitants. 
At  present  it  numbers  160  houses  and  1,000 
inhabitants.  A  more  beautiful  situation  tor  a 
town  can  hardly  be  imagined.  It  is  in  t)ie 
centre  of  a  gently  sloping  basin,  on  a  fine  nav- 
igable stream,  and  in  the  midst  of  'a  country 
proverbial  for  its  fertility.  It  has  a  bank,  a 
printing-office,  a  Catholic  church,  and  a  land- 
office.     867  m.  from  W. 

KATAHDIN,  or  Ktadne,  lofty  mountains, 
Maine,  80  m.  N.  from  Bangor.  Their  height 
is  not  accurately  ascertained,  but  is  sripposed 
to  exceed  that  of  the  White  mountains. 

K AYADAROSSOR  AS, r.  Saratoga  co. N.Y. 
which  falls  into  the  Saratoga  Lake. 

KAYGERS'  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs 
into  the  Ohio,  10  ni.  above  Gallipolia. 

KEARNSVILLE,  v.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 

KEARSARGE,  mt.  N.  H.  in  Sutton,  about 
25  m.  NW.  from  Concord. 

KEARSARGE  GORE,  t.  Hillsborough  co. 
N.  H.  16  m.  W.  from  Concord. 

KEASLETOWN,  t.  Rockingham  co.  Va. 

KEENE,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Cheshire  co. 
N.  H.  14  m.  SE.  from  Walpole,  and  95  W.  from 
Portsmouth.  It  is  a  fine  thriving  village  on 
Ashutot  river.     Pop.  2,374. 


KEENE,  Essex  co.  N.  Y.    Pop.  787. 

KEENE,  V.  Coshoctoncty,  Ohio,  97  m.  NE, 
from  Colimibus. 

KEENE'S  MILLS,  v.  Adams  co.  Pa.  36  m. 
SW.  from  Ilarrisburg. 

KEENVILLE,  v.  Northampton  co.  Pa.  on 
the  road  from  Easton  to  the  Lehigh  Water. 
Gap,  2  m.  from  Cherryville. 

KEESESVILLE,  v.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  157  m. 
N.  from  Albany. 

KELLOGGSVILLE,  v.  Cayuga  co.  N.Y. 
between  the  heads  of  Owasco  and  Skcneatelcs 
Lakes,  39  m.  NNE.  from  Ithaca. 

KELLOGGSVILLE,  v.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio, 
284  m.  NE.  from  Columbus. 

KELLYVALE,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  110  m. 
NE.  from  IWontpclier. 

KE.MPSVILLE,  t.  Princess  Anne  co.  Va. 
9  m.  SE.  from  Norfolk. 

KEMPSVILLE,  v.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y. 

KENDALL,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me. 

KENDALL,  v.  Stark  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  W. 
from  Canton,  and  near  the  eastern  side  of 
Tu.scarawas  river. 

KENHAWA,  Great,  r.  Va.  It  rises  in  Ash 
CO.  N.  C.  and  being  enlarged  by  a  number  of 
tributary  streams,  falls  into  the  Ohio  at  Point 
Pleasant.  Its  whole  course  is  about  400  ni. 
and  its  width  at  the  Ohio  about  500  yards. 

KENHAWA,  Litfle,  r.  Va.  rises  in  Lewis 
CO.  and  falls  into  the  Ohio  at  Parkcrsburg,  12  m. 
below  Marietta. 

K  ENH  AWA,  CO.  Va.  bounded  SE.  by  Green- 
j  brier  and  Giles,  SW.  by  (Cabell,  NW.  by  Mason 
I  and  Wood,  and  NE.  by  Lewis  and  Randolph. 
j  It  is  intersected  by  Kenhawa  and  Elk  rivers, 
!  and  drained  by  their  numerous  branches.  Chief 
I  town,  Charlestown.    Pop.  9,26I. 

1  KENDRICK'S   ISLAND,  NW.  coast  of 
America,  forms  the  W.  side  of  Nootka  Sound. 

KEN  DUSK  E  AG,  r.  Penobscot  co.  Maine, 
wliich  flows  into  the  Penobscot  at  Bangor. 

KENNEBEC ASIS, r.  N.  Brunswick,  which 
runs  E.  and  falls  into  the  river  St.  John. 

KENNEBECK,  r.  which  rises  in  the  north- 
cm  part  of  Maine,  and  falls  into  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  between  the  bays  of  Casco  and  Penob- 
scot. 

KENNEBECK,  co.  Maine,  bounded  by  Lin- 
coin  SE.  and  S.  Oxford  W,  Somerset  N.  Pc 
nobscot  NE.  and  Hancock  E.  Chief  towns, 
HalloweU  and  Augusta.  Pop.  in  1820,  42,623; 
in  1830,  52,491. 

KENNEBUNK,  r.  Me.  which  runs  into  the. 
Atlantic  at  Kenneb'mk.  It  has  a  "ood  harbor 
at  itd  mouth. 

KENNEBUNK,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  York 
CO.  Me.  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kennebunk,  10  m. 
S.  from  Saco,  25  SW,  from  Portland.    Pop. 

2  ''33. 
"l^ENNEDYSVILLE,  v.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. 

KENNEDY'S,  v.  Brunswick  co.  Va. 

KENNET'S  SQUARE,  v.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

KENSINGTON,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
13  m.  SW,  from  Portsmouth.     Pop.  717. 

KENSINGTON,  t.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa. 
Pop.  13,394.     It  is  a  suburb  of  Philadelphia. 

KENSINGTON,  v.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y. 

KENT,  CO.  U.  Can.Tda,  on  Lake  Erie.      . 


KKN— KIN 


305 


ams  CO.  Pa.  36  m. 


;  CO.  N.  Y.  15:  m. 


ns  CO.  Vt.  110  m. 
;ess  Anne  co.  Va. 


Parkersburg,  12  in. 


Kf'N'I',  CO.  \i.  (^imiida,  between  f.lie  rivers 
Sorel  und  St.  Tjawrenco. 

KI'"iN'r,  CO.  II.  I.  (Ill  the  VV.  side  of  Narra- 
iraiiset  Hiiy,  bounded  N.  by  I'rovidenee  eo.  S. 
!iv  Wa.'^binjrton  eo.  and  W.  by  (Connecticut. 
Top.  1 3,784.     Chiei'town,  Warwick. 

KKNT,  t.  liitehfield  co.  Ct.  on  tiie  Hniisa- 
tnnniic,  4.')  ni.  \V.  Irorn  Hart  ford.  Poj).  1>,001. 
Iron  ore  is  found  iiurc,  and  wroufjbt  exten- 

KEX'r,  t.  Putnam  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  SR.  from 
Pouplikeopsic.     Pop.  1,928. 

KENT,  CO.  Dei.  Imunded  N.  i)y  Newcastle 
po,  Iv  l)y  Delaware  IJay,  S.  by  Sussex  co.  and 
W.  by  Maryland.  Pop.  I'ViH  Cliicf  town, 
Dover. 

KKST,  CO.  Md.  bounded  N.  by  Cecil  co.  E. 
by  the  state  of  IVlaware,  S.  by  Queen  Anne 
rn.  and  W.  by  ( 'licsapeake  Hay.  Pop.  10,502. 
t'hicf  town,  ( 'iiestertown. 

KKXT,  isl.  in  Chcsaiwakc  Bay,  annexed  to 
Quren  Anne  co.  !\Id. 

KENTUCKY,  state.     See  page  126. 

KENTI'CKY,  r.  Kentufky,  rises  in  the 
lii:;hlnnds  in  the  SE.  part  of  the  state,  and  run- 
ning N VV.  falls  into  the  Ohio,  at  Port  William, 
77  m.  above  the  rapids  at  liouisvilic.  It  is 
navigfable  180  miles,  and  is  150  yards  wide  at 
its  month. 

KENTUCKY,  Little,  r.  Ken.  which  runs 
into  the  Ohio,  3  m.  below  the  mouth  of  Ken- 
tucky river. 

KENTUCKY,  Indian,  r.  In,  wliieli  runs 
into  tlie  Ohio,  nearly  opposite  the  mouth  of 
Kentucky  river. 

KEOVVEE,  r.  U.  S.  the  name  of  Savannah 
river  nhove  its  continence  with  the  Tugulo. 

KEROUART  ISLETS,  small  islett;  on  the 
NW.  coast  of  America,  between  51^  and  52^ 
N.  lat. 

KERRYSVIEI.E,  t.  Lawrence  co.  Ohio. 

KERSHAW,  district,  S.  C.  on  the  E.  side 
"f  tlio  Wateree.  Pop.  13,515.  Chief  town, 
Ciiindcii. 

KEI5NESVIELE,  V.Northampton  eo.Penn. 
1')  ni.  NW.  by  VV.  froui  Easton. 

KET( 'HAM'S  CORNER,  v.  Saratoga  co. 
X.  v.  15  m.  from  Albany. 

KEVVEI'LNA  POINT,  projects  far  into  the 
S.  side  of  Lake  Superior. 

KEYSVILLE,  v.  Charlotte  co.  Va.  on  the 
liead  waters  of  Mehcim  river,  70  m.  SVV.  from 
Richmond. 

KEY  WEST,  small  island  in  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  remarkable  as  being  tlie  most  soutli- 
ern  settlement  of  t!ie  U.  S.  It  was  used  as  a 
naval  station,  but  has  been  abandoned  by  our 
iirmed  vessels.  Lat.  24°  34'  N.  ;  Ion.  from 
W.  4=  38'  W. 

KIAMESHA,  r.  Arkansa.s  which  is  formed 
Ity  the  union  of  tiirco  branches,  rising  in  a 
ridjje  of  the  Mazern  mountains.  It  waters  the 
S\V.  part  of  the  territory,  and  joins  Red  river 
1)00  m.  aliove  Natchitoches. 

KICKABOO,  or  Red  Ruck,  small  r.  Illinois, 
^vliich  runs  into  the  Illinois  on  the  N.  a  little 
1k.'!o\v  lalce  Pioria. 

KICKAPOOS,  Indians,  in  Illniois.     They 
are  scattered  along  the  rivers  Wabash,  Illinois, 
2  0 


an<l  .Mississippi,  but  their  largest  settlement  is 
in  a  prairie  110  ni.  N.  by  E.  t'rom  Vincunneik 
The  nuinlMT  of  warriors  is  about  JJOO. 

KICK  EMU  IT,  a  NW.  arm  of  Mount  Hopo 
bay,  R.  I.  2  m.  louff  and  A  a  in.  iiroad. 

KIL1)AI{E,  I.  Warwick  co.  L.  C.  34  m.  N. 
from  ,'Montreal. 

KILKENNY,  t.  Leinster  co.  L.  C.  35  m. 
NW.  I'roui  Montreal. 

KILKENNY,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  8  m.  NE. 
from  Lancaster.     Pop.  27. 

KH-KENNV,  v.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 

KILLRUCK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into 
Wiiile-wonian's  creek,  3  ni.  above  its  junction 
witli  the  Muskingum. 

[  KILLIN(iT,V,  t.  Windham,  co.  Ct.  on  the 
(iuinebang,  25  m.  VV.  t'rom  Provi(k'nce,  45 
m.  E.  from  Ilartlbrd.  Pop.  3,2ljl.  It  contains 
several  ehurebcs. 

KILLlNtaVORTH,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Ct. 
on  Long  Island  Sound,  20  m.  E.  from  New 
Haven,  38  SE.  from  Ilartlbrd, 2Q  W.  from  New 
London.     Po]).  2,483. 

KILMARNOCK,  v.  T,ancaster  co.  Va. 

KIMRERTON,  v.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

KIMHLES,  V.  Lawrence  co.  Ohio,  120  m. 
a  littk;  E.  of  S.  from  Coknnbus. 

KIMHLESVILLE,  v.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

K1N(^\NN0N  WORKS,  v.  Surrey  co.  N.C. 
1.3!)  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Rnleigb. 

KINDERHOOK  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  rises  in 
Rerliii,  Rensselaer  co.  and  flowing  SE.  enters 
tlic  Hudson,  at  Kinderhook. 

KINDERHOOK,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Hudson  river,  10  m.  above  Hudson,  20  below 
Albany.     Pop.  2,706.     Here  is  an  academy. 

KING  AND  QUEEN,  co.  Va.  on  Malta 
[Kxiny  river,  which  separates  it  from  King 
William  eo.  Pop.  11,644.  Chief  town,  Dunkirk. 

KING  CREIOK,  v.  Barnwell  eo.  S.  C. 

KINGFIELD,  v.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  119 
m.  N.  from  Portland.     Pop.  .554. 

KLVt;  c;EOR(JE,  co.  Va.  between  the  Po. 
teniae  and  Rappahannock  rivers.  Pop.  3,397i 
At  the  r'ourt-honse  is  a  post-office. 

KlNt;  (;E0R(;E  sound,  the  name  given 
by  captain  ("ook,  in  1778,  to  the  bay  which  he 
discovered  on  tlie  W.  coast  of  North  America, 
in  Ion.  126=  48'  W.  and  lat.  49°  33'  N.  but  the 
natives  call  it  Nonlhi ;  the  name  now  gene- 
rally adopted  by  the  English. 

KING  GEORGE  THE  THIRD'S  ISL- 
ANDS, group  on  the  W.  coast  of  America, 
extending  from  lat.  56°  10'  to  .58°  18'  N. 

KIN(>S,  CO.  iicw  Brunswick,  on  the  river 
St.  John,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Charlotte  co. 
S.  by  St.  John  co.  W.  by  the  counties  of  West- 
moreland and  Northumberland,  and  N.  by  a 
line  running  SE.  and  NW.  from  Spoon  Island 
in  St.  John  river. 

KING'S  CO.  N.  Y.  comprises  the  W.  end  of 
Long  Island,  and  is  bounded  E.  by  Queen's 
eo.     Pop.  20,537.    Chief  town,  Flatbush. 

KINCJ'S  BAY,  bay  on  the  SE.  coast  of 
Nova  Scotia. 

KlNfiS BOROUGH,  v.  Montgomery  co. 
N.  Y.  50  ni.  NW.  from  Albany. 

KIN(;SBURY,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  Hudson,  52  m.  above  Albany.    Pop.  2,606. 


t*M 


306 


KIN— KUl 


v^^n 


m  • 


:H.-i 


1  'h 

HI 


KINGSCLERE,  t.  York  (o.  NVw  Bruns- 
wick,  on  the  W.  nido  of  the  livi'T  St.  Jolin,  iid- 
joinin^r  Fredrrickton. 

KINGSE  Y,  t.  Uuckinfrlmm  en.  L.  C.  on  the 
river  St  Francis,  35  m.  S.  by  E.  i'roni  Tlirct! 
Rivers. 

KING'S  FERRY,  v.  Monongalia  co.  Va. 
KING'S  FERRY,  v.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y. 
KING'S  ISLAND,  iHl.  on  the  NW.  coast 
of  America,  separated  from  the  continental 
shore  of  New  .\lbion,  by  Bankcs'  canal.    Lat. 
5P  56'  to  52=  26'  N. 

KINGSLAND  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs 
into  James  River.  Lon.  77^  40'  W. ;  lat.  37° 
24'  N. 

KINGSMILL,  point,  on  the  NW.  const  of 
America,  the  SVV.  jwint  of  Prince  Frrdcrick's 
sound.     lion.  225=  19'  E.;  lat.  56=  52'  N. 

KING'S  MOUNTAIN,  rnt.  in  the  W.  part 
of  N.  C.  25  ni.  W.  ( ^liarlottcnburp. 
KINGSPORT,  v.  Sullivan  co.  Ten. 
KINGSTON,  s-p.  of  Jamaica,  on  the  S. 
const  of  the  island,  on  a  bay  in  which  vessels 
of  the  largest  burden  may  anchor  in  safety.  It 
was  founded  in  16!)3,  after  the  destruction  of 
Port  Royal  by  an  earthquake  in  the  preceding 
year.  It  is  on  a  plain,  which  riscis,  with  a 
gradual  ascent,  to  the  foot  of  the  Ligujmea 
mountains,  a  distance  of  about  six  miles.  10 
m.  E.  from  Spanish  Town.  I,on.  76°  33'  W. ; 
lat.  18°  N.  Pop.  33,000,  of  which  number 
10,000  arc  whites,  18,000  slaves. 

KINGSTON,  t.  and  cap.  of  the  island  of 
St.  Vincent's,  in  the  W.  Indies.  Lon.  81°  W. ; 
lat.  13°  6'  N. 

KINGSTON,  t.  U.  C.  the  largest  and  most 
populous  of  tlic  province.  It  is  advantageously 
seated  at  the  E.  extremity  of  Lake  Ontario. 

KINGSTON,  formerly  Esopus,  t.  and  cap. 
Ulster  CO.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson,  65  in.  below 
Albanjr,  100  above  New  York.  Pop.  4,170. 
The  village  of  Kingston  is  pleasantly  situated 
on  Esopus  creek,  about  3  m.  from  the  Hudson, 
and  313  m.  from  W. 

KINGSTON,  V.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  3  m. 
NE.  from  Princeton,  15  SW.  from  Bnmswick. 
KINGSTON,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  on  the  Sus- 
quehannah,  op[)ositc  Wilkesbarre. 

KINGSTON,  v.  Talbot  co.  Md.  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Choptank,  4  m.  below  its  forks. 
KINGSTON,  t.  Somerset  co.  Md. 
KINGSTON,  t.  Georgetown  district,  S.  C. 
on  Waccama  river,  40  m.  NE.  from  George- 
town. 

KINGSTON,  t.  and  cap.  Roane  co.  Ten.  at 
the  confluence  of  Clinch  and  Holston  rivers, 
60  m.  below  Knoxville,  and  556  m.  from  W. 

KINGSTON,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  28  rn.  SW. 
from  Montfjclier.     Pop.  803. 

KINGSTON,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  21 
m.  SW.  from  Portsmouth.     Pop.  929. 

KINGSTON,  East,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
21  m.  SW.  from  Portsmouth. 

KINGSTON,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  4  m. 
NW.  from  Plymouth,  32  SSE.  from  Boston, 
from  W.  458.  Pop.  3,322.  I'his  town  has 
some  trade  in  the  fisheries,  and  contains  2  cot- 
ton manufactories,  and  some  manuiactures  of 
iron. 


KINGSTON,  (.  and  cap.  Kings  co.  New 
Hrunsu'iek,  on  Kennebecasis  bay. 

KIN(;STON,  North,  t.  Washington  co.  R.  1. 
on  ^V^  side  of  Narraganset  Hay  ;  12  m.  NW. 
from  New|K>rt.     Poj).  3,036. 

KINGSTON,  South,  or  Tower  Hill,  t.  and 
rap.  Washington  co.  R.  I.  on  the  W.  side  of 
Narraganset  Bay;  11  m.  W.  from  Newport. 
Pop.  3,663. 

KINtiSTON,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  head  waters  of  Alum  and  Big  Wtilnut 
creeks,  and  innnediately  N.  of  Sunbury.  Pop. 
5«2. 

4iIN(!STON,  small  town  situated  on  the 
line,  but  within  the  co.  of  Ross,  Ohio,  10  m.  N. 
from  Chillicothe. 

KlN(;.STON,  v.  Morgan  co.  Geo.  33  m. 
NNW.  from  Millcdgeville. 

KINtJSVILLE,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  on 
Lake  Erie,  10  m.  NE.  from  Jefferson.    Pop. 

i,o:'s, 

I<."NG.TREE,  V.  Williamsburg  district, 
S.  C.  on  Black  river,  about  65  m.  N.  (roiii 
Charl(;ston. 

K1N<;  WILLIAM,  CO.  Va.  between  Malta 
pony  and  Paniunky  rivers  and  extends  cast- 
ward  to  where  those  rivers  unite,  and  form 
York  river,  and  bounded  NW.  by  Caroline  co. 
Pop.  1820,  9,6!)7  ;  in  1830,  9,812. 

KING  WILLIAM  COURT-HOUSE,  v. 
and  seat  of  justice,  King  William  co.  Va.  35 
m.  NE.  from  Richmond. 

KING  WOOD,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Delaware.     Pop.  2,898. 

KINGWOOD,  V.  Monongalia  co.  Va. 

KINGWOOD,  V.  Preston  co.  Va.  near  Cheat 
river,  20  m.  SE.  from  Morgantown. 

KINIESNICK,  V.  Lewis  co.  Ken.  NNE. 
from  Frankfort. 

KINNIKINNICK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  SW. 
into  the  Scioto,  7  m.  above  Chillicothe. 

KINOGAM,  r.  Canada,  which  runs  from 
Jjake  Wickwa  to  the  river  Saguenay.  Lon. 
71°.31' W.;  lat.  480  34'  N. 

KINSALE,  v.  Westmoreland  co.  Va.  situa- 
ted on  the  SW.  side  of  the  river  Potomac,  near 
the  C/hesapeake  Bay. 

KINSMAN,  NE.  t  of  Trumbull  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  720. 

KINSMAN'S  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  in  Lin- 
coin,  N.  H. 

KINSTON,  t.  Lenoir  co.  N.  C.  on  the  left 
bank  of  Neuse  river,  40  ni.  above  Newbern. 

KINZUA,  v.  Warren  co.  Pa.  352  m.  NW. 
from  Harrisburg. 

KIP'S  BAY,  a  bend  in  East  river,  N.  Y. 
in  New  York  co.  3  m.  NE.  of  the  city.  The 
New  York  Penitentiary  and  Alms  House  are 
situated  here. 

KIRBY,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt  15  m.  NE. 
from  Danville. 

KIRK'S  MILLS,  v.  Lancaster  co.Pa. 

KIRKSEY  CROSS-ROADS,  v.  Edgefield 
district,  S.  C.  05  ni.  westerly  from  Raleigh. 

KIRKSVILLE,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  N.C. 
151  in.  SW.  from  Raleigh. 

KIRKVILLE,  V.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y. 

KIRKVVOOD,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
2i205. 


KIR— LAG 


307 


11   CO.  ^co.  33  III. 


Trumbull  co.  Ohio. 


CO.  Vt  15  in.  NE. 

ancaster  co.  Pa. 
OADS,  V.  Edgefield 
rly  from  Raleigli-  ^ 
cklenburg  co.  N.C 


KIRTLAND,  t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio.  Top. 
1,010. 

KI.^^HTAC,  isl.  on  the  ,\'\V.  const  of  Ameri- 
v.n,  H.  ot'  1'0','gy  C'liiic,  oil  tlio  SIJ.  side  of  the 
pcniiiHiilii  of  Alaska,  niid  o|>|)Oiiitc  the  mouth 
of  ('ook'H  river, 

KI.SKIMIMTAS,  V.  WVstinnrcIand  co.  Pa. 

ivlSKI.MINITAS,  r.  a  bruncli  of  tiic  AUc 
ffhanv  ill  Pa. 

KITH'S  MII.I.S,  V.  Rockingham  co.  Vn. 

KITr,i;V,  t.  Leeds  CO.  I'.  (". 

KIT'l'ANNING,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Armstrong  co.  Pii.  on  the  M.  side  of  Alleghany 
river.  40  ni.  SK.  from  Pittsburg,  til5  from 
W.     Pop.  l,(i:i(). 

K  ri"J'ATl  NN y  !\I( )UN'rAIN."<,  a  ridge  of 
tiie  Alleghany  mountains,  which  runs  throiigii 
the  N.  parts  of  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania. 

KITTI'IRy,  t.  York  co.  .Me.  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Piscataf|iia,  opposite  Portsmouth,  N.  IJ. 
5  ni.  SVV.  from  York.     Pop.  2,()i2i}. 

KLIN(JK1ST()VVN,  v.  Schuylkill  co.  Pa. 

KNAPPSHURG,  v.  0.tlbrd  township,  Che- 
nungo  CO.  N.  Y. 

KMFE  RIVER,  r.  Missouri  Territory, 
vvhicli  joins  the  river  Missouri  on  the  S.  at  the 
Alandan  villages. 

KNIGHT'S  CANAL,  inlet,  on  the  NW. 
coast  of  America.     Lat.  ■'50='  45'  N. 

KNIGHT'S  ISLAND,  isl.  in  Behring'a 
Bay,  separated  from  the  continent  of  America 
by  a  narrow  channel. 

KNIGHT'S  ISLAND,  small  island  in  Hud- 
son's  Bay.     Lon.  DS^  30'  VV. ;  lat.  61°  50'  N. 

KNOT'S  ISLAND,  v.  Currituck  co.  N.  C. 

KNOWLTON,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  J.  on  Del- 
aware  river.     Pop.  2,827. 

KNOWLTON  MILLS,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

KNOX,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me.  28  m.  NW. 
from  Castine. 

KNOX,  V.  Albany  co.  N.  Y.  21  m.  W.  from 
Albany.     Pop.  2,18G. 

KNOX,  CO.  Ohio,  bounded  by  Richland  N. 
Coshocton  E.  Licking  S.  Delaware  W.  and 
Marion  NW.  Chief  town.  Mount  Vernon. 
Pop.  in  1820,  8,326 ;  in  1830,  17,124. 

KNOX,  CO.  Ken.  bounded  SE.  by  Harlan, 
aw.  by  Whitely,  NW.  by  Rockcastle,  and 
NE.  bv  ('lay.  Chief  town,  Barbourville,  is 
about  "125  m.  SSE.  from  Frankfort.  Pop. 
4,321. 

KNOX,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio. 

KNOX,  CO.  E.  Ten.  bounded  by  Sevier  SE. 
Blount  S.  Roane  W.  Anderson  NW.  and 
Grainger  and  .Jefferson  NE.  Holston  and 
Clinch  rivers  unite  at  Knoxville.  Chief  town, 
Knoxville.     Pop.  14,4f)H. 

KNOX,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,288. 

KNOX,  NE.  t.  Jctferson  co.  Ohio. 

KNOX,  CO.  In.  between  White  and  Wabash 
rivers,  bounded  by  Kaskaskia,  or  Pike  and 
Gibson  cos.  S.  Wabash  river  W.  Sullivan  N. 
and  Davies  E,  Soil  generally  fertile.  Chief 
town,  Vincennes,    Pop.  6,.557. 

KNOXVILLE,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Knox 
CO.  Ten.  on  the  right  bank  of  Holston  river,  22 
m.  above  its  Junction  with  the  Tennessee,  about 
200  m.  E.  from  Nashville.     Lat.  35°  50'  N. 


There  is  a  college  licre,  but  it  ii  yet  in  in- 
fancy. 

KNOXVILLE,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  12  m. 

NW.  from  SteiilHiiville. 

KNOXVILLE,  V.  Crawford  co.  Geo. 

KOI)IAK,an  enteiisive  group  ot' islands  on 
the  W.  coast  of  N.  America,  aliout  50  in.  from 
the  entrance  into  Cook's  inlet,  extending  aliout 
130  m.  from  SW.  to  NE.  Lon.  20tP  12'  to 
20H--'  4.V  E.;  lat.  r>r,^  U  to  58^  28'  N. 

KOOSK()()SKi:i:,  r.  Oregon  Tcrritoi^, 
wliicli  rises  in  the  Kooliv  Mountains,  and  joins 
Lewis  river,  between  lon.  117=  and  118=' W. 
and  between  Lit.  ICP  and  47="  N. 

KONIAUT,  Bi<r,  lake,  I'-rio  co.  Pa.  W.  of 
Le  Moeiif. 

KONIAUT,  Little,  lake,  Crawfbrd  co.  Pn. 
8  m.  W.  from  Meadville.  Three  miles  long, 
and  1  broad. 

KORTRIGHT,  t  Delaware  co.  N.Y.  10  in. 
N.  from  Delhi,  62  SW.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
2,873. 

KREIDERSVILLE,  v.  Northampton  co. 
Pa. 

L. 

LABAR'S,  V.  Pike  co.  Pa. 

LABEESH,  r.  U.  States,  which  receives  the 
waters  of  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  and  flows 
into  Cassina  Lake.  A  little  distance  from  the 
lake  are  the  head-waters  of  Red  river  which 
flows  into  Hudson  Bay. 

LABRADOR.    Sec  p.  167. 

LACADIE,  t.  L.  C.  53  m.  N.  from  Platts- 
burg,  Va. 

LAC  AU  SABLE,  lake,  NW.  Territory, 
between  Lake  Sujierior  and  the  Mississippi 
fiOO  m.  above  the  mouth  of  St.  Peter's  river. 
Until  1816,  the  principal  station  of  the  British 
NW.  Fur  Company  was  on  this  lake.  The 
station  is  now  occupied  by  the  American  NW. 
Company. 

LAC  DES  DEUX  MONTAGNES,  Seig- 
niory, York  CO.  L.  C.  on  the  N.  side  of  Ottawa 
river,  25  m.  W.  from  Montreal. 

LACHENAYE,  Seigniory,  Lcinster  co. 
L.  C.  on  the  river  St.  Jean,  13  m.  N.  from 
Montreal. 

LACHAWAHANOCK,  valley,  Luzerne  co. 
Pa.  extends  from  the  mouth  of  liachawahan 
ock  creek,  up  the  same,  atwiit  30  m.    This 
next  to  Wyoming  valley,  is  the  most  populoui 
in  the  county. 

LACHEVROTIERE,  Seigniory,  Hamp- 
shire CO.  I/.  C'.  on  the  N.  side  of  tlie  St.  Law- 
rence, 38  m.  W.  from  Quebec. 

LACHINE,  V.  on  Montreal  Island,  L.  C.  7 
m.  above  the  city  of  Montreal.  The  Rapid  of 
St.  Louis  prevents  vessels  ascending  from 
Montreal,  so  that  all  the  commerce  with  the 
NW.  country  centres  at  Lachinc. 

LACKAWAXEN,  river  of  Pa.  which  falls 
into  the  Delaware,  in  Pike  co.  174  m.  above 
Philadelphia. 

LACKAWAXEN,  t.  Pike  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
283. 

LAC  METASIEDIACH,  Seigniory,  Com- 
wallis  CO.  L.  C 


SOS 


LAC— LAN 


ii 


•it  n 


n  u 


i^ 


,1  f. 


.i*! 


B;6tf    ■ 


'V'  i 


LAC  METIS,  Seigniory,  (Jornwallia  co. 
L.C. 

LACONIA,  V.  Ifnrri.son  co.  In.  120  m.  S. 
from  In(liuii:i|iiilis. 

T/A  DANTUIO,  Ht^ijjniory,  Warwick  co. 
li.  (,'.  on  tlic  It'll  baiili  of  St.  fifiwrnicc  river,  a 
fiiiort  (lintancc  above  tho  mouth  ol'  Riciiclii'ii 
river. 

LADY  WASHINC/rON,  v.  Montgomery 
CO.  Fii. 

LA  I'AKGEVILr.E,  v.  JefTerson  co.  N.  Y, 
174  m.  N\V.  iVom  Allwny. 

LADY'S  ISr,AND,  Kiuiill  island  off  the 
coast  of  S.  C  near  I'ort  Roy;il. 

LAFAYKTTE,  a  parisii  of  La.  Pop.  5,606 
Verniihonvillc  is  the  capital. 

LA  FEVK,  r.  Arkansas,  which  rises  in  the 
mountains,  in  which  the  Potcau  and  Petit  John 
have  their  source,  and  flowing  E.  joins  the 
Arkansas  below  (Jadron.  It  is  said  to  bo  navi- 
gable 200  m. 

liA  FEVUE,  r.  Illinois,  which  runs  into 
the  Mississippi,  7.5  ni.  below  Prairie  du  C'liein, 
21  below  Dubuque's  lead  mines.  l.c;id  ore  is 
found  on  its  banks  10  m.  from  the  mouth. 

LAFOURCmO,  or  riietimaches,  r.  r,a.  an 
outlet  of  the  Mississippi.  It  leaves  the  main 
stream  at  Donaldson,  about  00  m.  above  New 
Orleans.     Its  length  is  about  4.5  m. 

LAFOURCHE,  co.  I,a.  Pop.  .5,500.  Tiii- 
badeauville  is  the  capital. 

LAFOURCHE,  t.  Arcadia  co.  La.  75  m. 
NVV.  from  New  Orleans. 

LAGIDA,  r.  Cuba,  which  runs  into  the  sea 
at  the  Havana. 

LAGOS,  t.  Mexico,  in  Guadalaxnra,  60  m. 
NE.  from  Guadalaxara.  Lon.  101°  32'  W.; 
lat.  21°  27'  N. 

LAIRDSVILLE,  v.  Oneida  co,  N.  Y.  108 
m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Albany,  and  12  from 
Utica. 

LAKE,  t.  in  the  N.  part  of  Stark  co.  Ohio, 
Fop.  1,266. 

LAKE,  SW.  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,    Pop.  552. 
LAKE,  t.  Logan  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  864. 
LAKE,  t.  Champaign  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  480. 
LAKE  LANDING,  v.  UyAe  co.  N.  C.  213 
m.  a  little  S.  of  E.  from  Raleigh. 

LAKE  MASKINONGE,  Seigniory,  St. 
Maurice  co.  L.  C.  on  St.  Lawrence  above 
Maskinongc  river. 

LAKE  OF  THE  WOODS,  lake,  between 
Lake  Superior  and  Lake  Winnipec,  discharg- 
ing by  Winnipec  river  into  the  lake  of  tlie 
same  name. 

LAKE  PLEASANT,  t.  Hamilton  co.  N.  Y. 
Pop.  266. 

LAKE  RIVER,  r.  America,  which  runs 
into  the  Mississippi,  lon.  95°  W. ;  lat.  46° 
30' N. 

LAKE  RIVER,  Little,  r.  which  runs  into 
the  Mississippi,  lon.  94°  23'  W.;  lat.  45° 
36' N. 

LAMARCHE,  r.  II.  whi  A  runs  into  Illi- 
nois river  from  the  NW. 

LA  MARTINIERE,  fief,  Hertford  co.  L.C. 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  St  Lawrence,  6  m.  E. 
from  Quebec. 
LAMBERTSVILLE,  v.  on  the  Delaware 


river,  op|)osite  New  Hope,  Pa.  16  m.  NW.  from 
'rrenlon. 

liAMlNE,  t.  Cooper  ro.  Miso. 
LAMOll,,  r.  Vt.  which  rises  S.  of  Lake 
Mem|)hr('iriagog,  and  running  W.  falls  into 
Lak(^  Chainplain,  in  Colchester,  5  m.  N.  oftlu' 
mouth  of  Onion  river,  10  in.  N.  from  IJur- 
lington. 

LAMO'ITK,  lead  mine,  Miso.  a  few  miles 
N.  of  St.  Mi(h:i(  I's. 

LA.MI'i/ri;U,  t.  and  v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 
on  Mill  ereck,  5  m.  E.  from  Lancaster.  Pop. 
:J,174. 

LAMPREY,  r.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
Lamjirey  river  falls  into  (ireat  Hay. 

LANCASTER,  t.  and  ea|).  Coos  co.  N.  H. 
on  Iwth  sides  of  Israel's  creek,  a  mile  from 
Connecticut  river.  It  contains  a  court-linusf, 
jail,  and  several  mills.  Ft  is  40  m.  alxive  Dart- 
moutli  College,  131  NW.  from  Portsmouth, 
55H  from  W.     Pop.  1,1  H7. 

LANCASTER,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  on 
a  branch  of  Nashua  river,  14  m.  SE.  from 
Worcester,  .15  W.N'W.  from  Boi^.m.  Pop. 
2,016.  Here  is  a  valuable  quany  of  slate. 
Lancaster  is  a  good  agricultural  low  n,  and  has 
an  extensive  col  ton  laetory. 

LANCASl'ER,  co.  in  the  SE.  pari  of  Pi. 
bounded  N.  by  Dauphin,  Lebanon,  and  lU  rks, 
I'l.  by  ("hester,  S.  by  Maryland,  and  W.  by  tlic 
Susquehannah  river,  which  scpar.ites  it  i'rom 
York  CO.  Pop.  in  1^20,  68,336;  in  l>;!l), 
76,558.  It  is  the  most  [jopulous  county  in  tin' 
.state,  except  Phi!.idelphia,  and  one  of  the  first 
in  point  of  soil,  v  (  .ith,  and  agricultural  im- 
provements. It  is  watered  by  the  Concstoga 
and  its  branches,  Pccqua  and ("hicques  creeks, 
which  atlbrd  a  large  number  of  tlie  first-rate 
mill-seats  in  the  country,  many  of  which  are 
already  occupied.  It  contains  at  this  time, 
7  furnaccti,  14  forges,  180  distilleries,  45  tan- 
yards,  22  fulling-mills,  164  grist-mills,  87  saw- 
mills, 9  breweries,  8  hemp-mills,  5  oil-mills,  .'i 
clover-mills,  3  factories,  3  potteries,  6  carding- 
machines,  3  paper-mills,  2  snufl'-mills,  7  tilt- 
hammers,  and  6  rollixig-mills.  Chief  town, 
Lancaster. 

LANCASTER,  t.  and  cap.  Lancaster  co. 
Pa.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  side  of  a  hill, 
li  m.  VV.  of  Conestoga  creek,  which  falls  into 
the  Susquehannah  9  m.  below.  .35  m.  ESE. 
from  Harrisburg,  22  ENE.  from  York,  62  W. 
from  Philadelphia,  and  109  from  W.  Lat.  40^ 
3'  N. ;  long.  76°  20'  W.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, market-house,  jail,  a  lnrg(!  Lancasterian 
school,  an  academy,  and  several  houses  of  pub- 
lic worship,  for  (German  IjUtherans,  German 
Calvinists,  Presbyterians,  Episcopalians,  Ro- 
man Catholics,  Moravians,  Friends,  and  Me- 
thodists. Many  of  the  inhabitants  speak  the 
German  language.  The  surrounding  country 
is  fertile  and  highly  cultivated.  The  town 
contains  numerous  manufactories,  and  carries 
on  considerable  trade.     Pop.  7,683, 

LANCASTER,  co.  Va.  on  the  western  shore 
of  Chesapeake  Bay,  bounded  S.  by  the  Rappa- 
haimock,  108  m.  N.  from  Norfolk.  Pop,  4,800, 
of  whom  2,631  are  slaves.  At  the  court-house 
is  a  post-office. 


LAN-I.AW 


3(){) 


I  m.  NW.  from 

P8  S.  of  I.iik.; 

\V.   fullH   into 
,  f)  III.  N.i.ftlif 

N.  from  Uur- 

so.  a  few  niilrs 

iifvistrr  CO.  Pa. 
iiiu'astiT.     Pop. 

nil   CO.    N.  II. 

Hiiy. 

Coos  po.  N.  H. 
■k,  a  milo  from 
is  a  court-linn.'ii', 
(  111.  :iIk)vc  Mart. 
Din  Port«nioutli, 

LT  CO.  INIoHS.  on 
[4  in.  NE.  from 
I  PiOKiUH.  Poji. 
qntiivy  of  slate, 
•ill  LOW  n,  uiid  lius 

SE.  pari  of  Pa. 

anon,  and  lit  rks, 
.(l,QndW.bvtlic 
icparatcs  it  from 
;H,3.1t);   in    l>:tl), 
1UH  county  in  tlic 
d  one  of  tbo  first 
ajfricultural  iiii- 
by  the  C'oncstoca 
Cliicqiics  creeks, 
r  of  tlie  first-ratr 
iny  of  which  arc 
ins   at  this  time, 
stillcrics,  45  tan- 
rist-niillf,  i'l  saw- 
.ills,  5  oil-mills, .") 
Ltcrics,  6  carding- 
nutV-niills,  7  lilt- 
lls.     Chief  town, 

p.  Lancaster  co. 
the  side  of  a  hill, 
which  falls  into 
ow.  35  m.  ESE. 
rom  York,  0:2  W. 
i-omW.  Lat.40^ 
contains  a  court- 
iTgc  Lancastcrian 

^ral  houses  of  pub- 
ithcrans,  German 

—Episcopalians,  Ro- 
Friends,  and  Me- 
bitants  speak  the 
•rounding  country 
'ated.  The  town 
tories,  and  carries 
7,683. 

the  western  shore 
S.  by  the  Rappa- 

^rfolk.  Pop.  4,800, 
\t  the  court-house 


LANCASTER,  .lintricf,  S.  C.  Pop.  I0,3f.l. 
At  the  <'«)ur|. house  Ih  a  |H»st-()trKr, 

liANC AS'I'EU,  f.  :iii(l  cap.  (iarriird  co.  Ken. 

21*  III.  !^  I'rOMI   IiC\ili;r|oll. 

I.A.N('A.STI:R,  t.  and  cap.  Fairfield  co. 
Ohio,  2S  III.  SK.  from  ('i)liniil)us,  31  NE.  from 
('hiilic»lhe.  It  CDiitiiins  a  e'tiirl-JioiiM'  and  jail, 
a  b.iak,  '2  printiiiir.oiilciK,  niid  a  I'l.urc^li. 

LA.NCi;  l,A  (iJIACi:,  t.  I,a.  75  m.  S.-<W. 
from  \ew  .Madrid.  Eon.  'M=  '2T  VV. ;  lat.  35 ' 
25'  N. 

LANCE  POINT,  the  S.  point  of  XrwliMiml- 
land,  at  the  S\V.  extremiiy  of  St.  .Mary'.s  I'av. 

LANDAFF,  t.  C.r.A'um  co.  N.  II.  on  tlie  E. 
side  of  ( 'onnecticut  river,  between  IJath  and 
Haverhill.     Pop.  !).'')1. 

I,ANIK!i{OVE,l.  Henniiigton  co.  Vt.  about 
35  in.  NE.  from  Mrniiiii^jtoii. 

I,ANI>(;UA!{I),  or  Poiiite  mix  Pins,  north 
side  of  Lake  Erie.  This  |Kiiiit  is  about  '2i)  m. 
E.  of  the  S.  Foreland,  and  bears  the  only  pine 
tiiiilK'r  on  this  eoiisl. 


LANDISHUIJt;,  V.  Perry  co.  Pa.  on  a  small 
branch  of  Shareman's  creek,  30  m.  NVV.  from 
Ilarrisbiirfj,  and  18  NNW.  from  Carlisle. 

LANUSFOIil),  V.  (Jhcstcr  district,  S.  C.  92 
ni.  N.  from  Columbia. 

LANESnollOlUJIL  t.  Derkshire  co.  Mass. 
It  is  situ.itcd  in  the  NVV.  jiart  of  the  state, 
joininjT  to  N.  Y.     Pop.  l,l!)2. 
LANI'i^VILLE,  V.  Sus,iuehann.-ili  co.  Pa. 
LANESVII^LE,  v.  Kinfr  William  co.  Va. 
LANG  DON,  L  .Sullivan  co.  N.  II.  on  Cor.- 
nccticut  river,  40  ni.  \V.  from  Concord.     Poi>. 
667. 

LANGHORN'S  TAVERN,  v.  Cumberland 
CO.  Va.  GO  m.  from  Richmond. 
LANIER,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,535. 
LANSINGRURG,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  E.  side  of  Hudson  river,  near  its  junc 
tion  with  the  Mohawk  river,  about  4  in.  above 
Troy,  and  9  above  Albany.  Sloops  of  small 
drautrht  ascend  thus  hig^h.     Pop.  2,603. 

LANSING,  t  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.     Pop. 
4,020. 
LAO,  t  Cuba,  25  m.  W.  from  Havana. 
LA  PETITE  NATION,  York  co.  L.  C. 
on  the  Ottawa  river,  about  70  ni.  VV.  from 
Montreal. 

LA  PETITE  RIVIERE,  parish,  in  Cote 
dc  Beauprc  Seigniory,  L.  C.  on  the  St.  Law- 
rence, ,34  m.  NE.  from  Quebec. 

LAPRAIRIE,  Scijrniory,  Huntinjrdon  co. 
L.  C.  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Sorcl,  opposite  Montreal.  Tlie 
nllage  of  Laprairie,  or  La  Nativitc,  contains 
above  100  houses,  and  is  very  ilourishinfr,  be- 
inir  situated  on  the  main  road  from  Montreal 
into  the  United  States. 

LA  PROA,  point,  New  Brunswick,  half- 
way between  Eastiiort  and  St.  .Tolin. 

L'ARBRE  CROCHE,  Indian  village,  in 
Michigan,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  peninsula, 
near  its  N.  extremity,  40  m.  from  MicJiilli- 
inackinack. 

LARGA,  small  isl.  in  the  Florida  stream. 
Ion.  82=>  25'  W. ;  lat.  24=  36'  N. 
LARGA  PUNTA,  or  Punta  dc  Asics,  cape 


on  the  \V.  coast  of  Florida 
lat.  25     i.V  N. 

LAKICS  POI.NT,  rap<'.  Lower  Cniada,  in 
the  river  St.  Lawn  nee,  at  the  moiitli  ot'Sajjue- 
iiay  river. 

LA  S.VLLI',  Seigniory,  ITiintingdon  co. 
Lower  ('.innlii,  12  m.  S.  from  Moiitteal. 

LAS  CHIAPAS,  a  ^'lale  of  Mexico.  It  is 
an  interior  eoinitrv,  lioimded  by  (iirilemala 
S\V.  'I'abaseo  NW.  1111(1  N.  Vmstlaii  E.  aiul 
Vera  Paz  SE.     Chief  city,  Chiapa  R<al. 

L.\.^S|;lsVILI.I;,  v.  Montgomery  co.  N.Y. 
10  III.  W.  from  .lohiistowii. 

L'ASSl'MPTlON,  Siij'iiiory,  Leinster  co. 
Lower  Canada,  on  the  N.  s'uU'.  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, 16  111.  N.  ti-diii  .Montreal. 

LA  TESSAIUE,  fiet;  Hampshire  ro.  L.  C. 
on  tlie  N.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  40  m.  W. 
Iroiil  <iiiel»ee. 

LATIMORE,  t.  Adams  CO.  Pa. 
M     LA  Tl{  \IN,  r.  NW.  'I'erritory,  which  runs 
into  [,ake  SujMirior,  and  is  25  yards  wide  at  its 


mouth. 

LAUDERDALE,  co.  Alabama,  on  the  N. 
side  of  Tennessee  river.  Poji.  I1.7^2.  Flor- 
ence is  the  capital. 

LAUGIILINGTON,  t.  Westmoreland  co. 
Pa. 

LAUREL,  v.  Sussex  co.  Del.  on  Broad  creek, 
a  branch  of  Nanticokc,  35  m.  SE.  troiu  Eastoii 
in  Maryland. 

LAUREL  HILL,  Richmond  co.N.C.100 
m.  SW.  from  Raleigh, 

LAUREL  Mt)CNTATNS.  In  general 
terms,  this  range  includes  the  extreme  NW. 
ridges  of  the  Apalachian  chain,  and  readies 
from  the  central  parts  of  Pennsylvania  to  Ala- 
bama, under  various  local  names.  It  is  ])ierced 
bj'  the  eastern  branches  of  Monongahela,  by 
the  (ircat  Kenliawa,  and  Tennessee  rivers, 

LAUIlENCEmiRt;,  v.  Armstrong  co.  Pa. 

LAURENCEBURt;,  v.  Dearborn  co.  In. 

LAURENCEBl'Rt;,  v.  Franklin  co.  Ken. 
10  in.  S,  from  Frankfort. 

LAURENCEBURC;,  v.  Laurence  co.Ten. 

LAUREN.S,  t.  Tioga  co.  Pa. 

liAURENS,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  SW. 
from  Cooiier.stown,  78  VV.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
2,231. 

LAURENS,  district,  S.  C.  between  Enoroe 
and  Saluda  rivers.     Pop.  20,863. 

LAURENS,  CO.  Geo.  on  the  Oconee.  Pop. 
('hief  town,  Dublin. 

LAURENSVIELE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
liaurons  district,  S.  C.  80  m.  NVV.  from  t-'o- 
lumbia. 

I^AURITON,  V.  Marlborough  co.  S.  C. 

LAUSANNE,  t.  Northamiiton  co.  Pa.  on 
the  Lehigh.     Pop.  509. 

LAUZON,  Seigniory,  Dorchester  co.  L.  C'. 
on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  ("haudiere,  2  m.  S.  troni  Quebec. 

JjAVALTRIE,  Seigniory,  Warwick  co. 
L.  C.  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  30  m.  NE.  from 
Montreal. 

LAVINA  POINT,  cape,  on  the  NW.  coast 
of  America. 

LAWAHANN(X^K,  r.  Pa.  which  joins  the 


5,578, 


^  J 


3:fl  ' 


■J^^l 


m 

i 


310 


LAW— i,F,n 


K.  Iinincli  of  tli<;  ^ii»(|Mi  Imiinnli  lit  i'itlNtown, 
12  III.  iiImivc  vVilkinbiirrr. 

LAWKKNCK,  CO.  Km.  Pop- ^.*)7.  Lmi- 
iNa  i.-i  the  (:ii|iit;il. 

i,awui:n(i:,  <M.  II.    iv -'Wii.   i-aw- 

ri'iiccvillc  is  tlic  capital. 

LAWRMNCM,  Hoiitlnrn  co.  Ohio,  lH)iin(!(d 
on  the  N.  i»y  Jachnoii,  ll.  Iiy  (iiiiiia,  .*».  Iiy  llif 
Ohio  river,  iiiul  \V.  Iiy  Scioto  co.  I'op.  l>-*(), 
:),l!»l»j  in  fHJU,  5,;j(;ti.  Seat  of  juHticc,  Dur- 
linL'ton. 

I,AWin:\CE,  t.  in  tlie  W.  border  of  Stark 
CO.  Oiiiii.     INip.  1,1(H 

liAWIULNCK,  t.  'I'liHcarawau  co.  Oliio. 
Top.  tiO'J. 

I.ANVUENCE,  t.  WuBliiiiJiton  co.  Oiiio. 
Fop.  IIU. 

f,AVVRF,\rE,  CO.  Tn.  bonniicd  iiy  Orniipc 
S.  Ow(!ii  and  Martin  \V.  jMonroc  N.  JackHon 
E.  and  WaHJiinKtoii  SE. ;  iciifrtli  21  in.  widiii 
IH.  ]>op.  in  !h:2(),  -1,1  Ui;  in  1K)(),  i(,!.>;<7.' 
C'Jiief  town,  I'cdlbrd. 

LAWK1;N(  •I],  CO.  W.  Ten.  bomidiui  by  Abi- 
baina  S.  Wayne  VV.  Iliekinan  .\.  andtiilcH  E.; 
lenpth  2()  in.  width  2'2.  Pop.  in  Ir^'M),  :},-,'71 ; 
ill  1830,  r>,l\'2.    (Jhief  town,  Lawrcncebnrjf. 

LAWRENCE,  eo.  ArkansaH,  on  Wliito  r. 
Pop.  .\8(l().     Cliief  town,  JackKon. 

I,AWRENt;E,  CO.  Mis.  bounded  NW.  and 
N.  by  till!  lately  ceded  (Jhoetaw  territory,  E. 
by  ( 'ovinpton,  S.  by  Marion  and  Pike,  and  W. 
by  Eraiikhn ;  lenptii  (iO  in.  iiH^an  width  21. 
The  pcncral  Burfacc  in  covered  witii  tine  tim- 
ber. Chief  staples,  cotton.  Pop.  5,321.  Mon- 
ticello  iH  the  capital. 

LAWRENC;E,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  liaw- 
roncc  CO.  Ark.  on  Hlack  river,  about  .'iO  ni. 
above  its  confluence  with  White  river. 

LAWRENCE,  t,  Lawrence  co.  tlhio. 

LAWRENCE,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  Pon. 
1,434. 

LAWRENCE,  t.  Clearfield  co.  Pa.  Pop.  G83. 

LAWRENCE,  co.  Alabama,  ou  the  S.  side 
of  Tennessee  river.  Pop.  14,984.  Chief  town, 
Moulton. 

LAWRENCE,  St.  a  large  r.  of  N.  America, 
proceeding  from  Lake  Ontario,  from  which  it' 
runs  700  m.  to  tlie  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  in 
the  Atlantic.  Its  mouth  is  100  in.  wide ;  and 
it  is  navijrabic  for  ships  of  war  ns  far  as  Que- 
bec, which  is  3()0  m.  and  vessels  from  Europe 
ascend  to  Montreal,  which  is  180  in.  further. 
In  its  course  it  forms  n  jjreat  variety  of  bays, 
harbors,  and  islands,  innny  of  which  are  fruit- 
ful and  extremely  pleasant. 

LAWRENCE,  St.  (lulj  of,  is  formed  be- 
twcen  the  W.  part  of  Newlbundland,  the  E. 
shores  of  Ijabrador,  the  !•'.  extremity  of  the 
province  of  New  Brunswick,  part  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Nova  Scotia,  and  the  island  of  Ca])e 
Breton.  It  commuiiic.ites  witii  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  by  throe  dilferent  passages. 

LAWRENCEUURG,  t.  Armstrong  co.  Pa. 

LAWRENCEBURG,  t.  Butler  co.  Pa. 

LAWRENCEBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Dearborn 
CO.  In.  on  the  Ohio,  2  ni.  below  the  moutli  of 
the  Miami  river,  28  from  Cincinnati. 

LAWRENCE'S,  v.  Southampton  co.  Va. 


I,AWRENCE'SMILT,S,v.nintonco.N.Y. 

by  poHlroad  177  in.  from  .Mbany. 

LAWRENCEVILLE,  v.  Tioirn  co.  P«.  by 
imslroad  1  IK  m.  NNW.  (roni  Ilarrisbiirg. 

I.AWRE.NCEVIIJ.E,  v.  Monliromery  to. 
N.  C.  I(t!l  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Rakiub. 

I,AWRE\CEVII,r,E,  V.  (Jwiimetteo.CJen. 
13:i  m.  NW.  In.m  Mill.dureville. 

LAWRENCEMI.I.E,  t.  Alleghany  co.  I'n. 
2  or  3  III.  from  Pitt«liiirg. 

[.AWRIlNCEVIM.E.v.Nnnsemondcn.Vn. 

LAWRENCEVILLE,  t.  Madison  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  road  I'riim  Columbus  tn  Spriiigtiild. 

I-AWREN(  EVILLE,  t.  Lawr.iuv  eo,  ||, 

L.\WSVILLE,  f.  Susquehannah  co.  Pa.  N. 
from  .Montrose. 

liAW  YERSVILLE,  v.  Schoharie  co.  N.Y. 

LAVTONS,  V.  Essex  CO.  Va. 

LIOACOCK,  t.  f-ancastcr  co.  Pa.  9  m.  E. 
from  Lancaster. 

I-EA  DINt;  (  REEK,  r.  Ohio,  runs  into  the 
Ohio,  17  m.  aUive  (•alli[ioliti. 

LEADSVILIJ;,  V.  Randolph  co.  Va. 

LEAK  RIVER,  r.  Mississijipi,  which  joins 
the  Chickasaw,  H  in.  ImIow  the  parallel  of  3P 
N.  lat.  to  form  the  Pascagoula. 

LEAF  RIVER,  v.  (ireen  co.  Missouri. 

LEAKSVILLE,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.C. 

LEA'S,  v.  (iranger  co.  Ten. 

LEASIU'R(;,  t.  Caswell  co.  N.  C,  80  ni.  F. 
from  Bethany. 

LEATHERWOOD'S  STORE,  v.  Henry 
CO.  Va. 

LEAVENWORTH,  v.  Crawford  co.  In.  on 
the  Ohio  river. 

LEBANON,  t.  Lawrence  co.  Arkahsns. 

LEBANON,  t.  York  co.  Mc.  on  the  E.  side 
of  Salmonfall  river,  afwut  20  ni.  NW.  of  Ports, 
mouth  in  N.  H.     Pop.  2,.3!)1. 

LEBANON,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  Con- 
necticut river,  opposite  the  mouth  of  Wiiite 
river,  4  m.  below  Dartmouth  college.  A  min- 
eral spring  has  lately  been  discovered  here,  tlie 
waters  of  which  are  efficacious  in  curing  rheu- 
matism and  cutaneous  disorders.   Pop.  1,8GH. 

LEBANON,  t.  New  Londor.  co.  Ct.  9  ni. 
NW.  from  Norwich,  30  SE.  from  Hertford. 
Pop.  2,.'552.  It  is  an  excellent  agricultural 
township.  It  contains  four  churches,  and  an 
academy. 

LEBANON,  t.  Madison  co,  N.  Y.  35  m. 
SW.  from  Utica,  115  W.  from  Albany.    Pop. 
2,249. 
'  LEBANON,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 

LEBANON,  CO.  Pa.  bounded  by  Lancaster 
SE.  Dauphin  SW.  and  NW.  and  Berks  NE.; 
length  17  ill.  vvidtli  17.  Its  NW.  boundary  is 
the  Blue  Mountain,  or  Kittatinny  Ridge.  Sta- 
ples, grain.  Hour,  whisky  and  iron.  Chief 
town,  Lebanon.  Pop,  1820,  10,988 ;  in  lb30 
20,546. 

LEBANON,  v.  Rnssell  co.  Va.  358  m,  a  little 
S.  of  VV,  from  Richmond. 

LEBANON,  v.  Washinjrton  co.  Geo. 

LEBANON,  t.  and  cap.  Wilson  co.  Ten.  25 
m.  E.  from  Nashville.  In  the  vicinity  is  on 
academy. 

LEBANON,  t.  Washington  co.  Ken. 


I.MIV-f.DN 


311 


Va.  358  m.  a  little 


LKflANOM,  lK»r.  mid  rii|..  Lcbuiion  «•<>.  I'li. 
on  QiiitaiKiliillii  creek,  '.'.i  in.  ii.  tVniii  iliirrlN. 
biirir,  uiKl  ^-v!  WNW.  Ik.mi  I'hilixU  I|iIii>i.  I'oi.. 
3^M.  'I'lie  !<'elnivil<ill  iind  SnKi|m'liiiiiiiali 
rivern  are  eoniu-cled  nt  tin  >  piare,  jty  it  eaniil 
iH'twmi  theCjiiilii|inliillii  nnd  tlir'riil|M'liiink('n, 
u  liraneli  of  Seliiiylltill  river. 

F.KHANl  >.\,  t.  and  enp,  Wiirreii  eo.  (Iliio, 
2.')  III.  S.  iVniii  Dayfnii,  Mil'  S\V.  troiii  ( 'dliiiii- 
huH,  IH  I'l,  t'roiii  llaintllmi.  .'M  .\.  from  Ciiieiii- 
nati.  It  cuntaiiiH  a  con  liniiNu  and  jiiil,  and 
2  clitirclicH,  u  hank,  ^  ii  irkitdioii.xeN,  a  priMt- 
irig-otficf,  and  a  piililic  lihrary.  I'ltp.  1,157. 
Lon.  rt-P  r  W.;  Int.  IJ'.H  25'  X. 

LKMANON,  t.  Mrius  co.  Olu...    I'op.  ^'.VJ. 

I.Kll  ANON,  V.  St.  (lair  co.  11.  55  in.  S\V. 
from  \iiiidiilia. 

LKHOHl'l',  t.  Krieeo.  I'n. 

IiKK,  t.  Hancock  co.  Mc.  'i5  in.  NW.  froni 
Castine. 

M;I:,  t.  StralVord  ro.  N.  II.  1.1  in.  NW.  from 
Porfsmoulli.     I'op.  l,(l(i:i. 

IiKK,  t.  U(  rk.sliire  eo.  Mass.  5  ni.  SK.  from 
f,(no.\,  IJO  \V.  from  Hoslon.  Pop.  1,H:;>5.  It 
IS  wotered  l»y  flie  lioiiHatoiimie. 

LKi;,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  8  in.  NW.  from 
Rome.     I'op.  a,51J. 

I, KM,  F'oit,  Ilerjfcn  co.  N.  J.  on  the  Mud.son, 
!l  Ml.  niKive  n(ri,'eii. 

f.liH,  Co.  in  the  S\V.  corner  of  Va.  Poj). 
(i.Kil.     Chief  town,  .loiiesville. 

rj']!';,  t.  Athens  co.  Oliio.     Top.  118. 

LKHCIl  I,AM;,  Miso.  V2  in.  lon-r;  on  tlie 
W.  side  iH  a  ibrl  in  hit.  17^  li;'  I.T'  N.  F,eceh 
river,  which  is  the  outlet,  of  the  lake,  (onus  the 
SW.  branch  of  the  Mississippi,  ami  unites  with 
tliR  main  branch,  1)5  in.  below  Little  Winnipec 
liakc. 

LKEDS,  t.  Hnckinffliain  co.  Lower  Canada, 
37  in.  S.  from  (iui  bee. 

LF,KI>S,  CO.  V.  C.  on  tlie  St.  Lawrence. 

LEKDS,  t.  and  \nrt  of  entry,  Iiceds  co.  IJ.C. 
nn  the  St.  Lawrence.  It  is  watered  by  Gana- 
noque  river,  which  liaH  a  pood  harbor. 

IjEEDS,  t.  Kcimehcck  co.  Mo.  on  the  An- 
drosco}rtfiii  river,  2U  m.  SW.  from  Anjrusta. 
Pop.  I,(i85. 

LEEDS,  t.  Gloncestor  co.  N.  J.  on  the  At- 
lantic, 4  in.  W.  ti-oiu  the  mouth  of  Mulicus 
river. 

LEEDS,  or  Lccdstown,  t.  Westmoreland  co. 
U.  14  m.  E.  from  Port  Royal,  40  SE.  from 
Frcdcricksbur;^,  70  NE.  from  Richmond.  Near 
this  place  is  a  famous  course  for  horse-racinjj. 

LEESBURCJ,  V.  and  seat  of  justice,  Loudon 
CO.  Va.  The  neifjhborhood  is  apparently  of 
good  soil,  and  well  cultivated. 

LEESBLIRG,  t.  Harrison  co.  Kent,  10  m. 
NW.  from  Paris,  and  22  NE.  from  Frankfort. 
Pop.  138. 

LEESBURG,  v.  Washington  co.  Tenn. 
about  80  in.  NE.  by  E.  from  Kiioxville. 

LEESBURG,  v.  Tuscarawas  co,  Ohio.  Pop. 
225. 

LEESBURG,  v.  Champaign  co.  Ohio. 

LEESBURG,  t.  Highland  co.  Ob'o,  31  m. 
W.  from  ChiUicothe.     Pop.  218. 

LEESVILLE,  v.  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.  52  ni. 
westerly  from  Albany. 


Li:i:sVILLi:.  v.ramplHll  CO.  Va.  1«»  III. 

SW.  by  W.  iVom  liiehiiiond. 

Li:l;s\ll,Li;,  v.  laxini^rton  di«trict  8.  C. 
.'10  III.  from  Columbia. 

LEE.SVH.LE,  V.  Lawrence  co.  In.  7G  in. 
SSW.  from  liidi,iiia|Milis, 

LEE'S  ISLAND,  Miiall  ihI.  Vn.  in  the  Po. 
toiiiiie,  2  III.  .SE.  from  'i'horjic.  It  bt-doiign  to 
Fairfax  co. 

LDirs  MILLS,  V.  Wuhhiiifrton  eo.  N.  C. 

LKETOWN,  V.  Jetfcrhon  co.  Va.  84  in. 
NW.  from  W. 

LLIIKill,  CO.  Pa.  on  Lehii,di  river,  inclowd 
by  the  eoiinties  ol'Northamplon,  liiiekH,  Mont- 
joinery,  Iterks,  anil  Schuylkill.  Pop.  22,2GG. 
.\ilriiio\v  II  is  the  capital. 

LLIIKJH,   t.  Northampton   ca   Pu.     Pop. 

i,lMt. 

Li:iiI(iH,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into  the  Dela- 
ware at  I'laslon,  alter  a  course  of  75  m.  It  Ih 
navijrable,  by  means  of  canals,  to  the  coal-mincH. 

LEIIKiirroN,  V.  Northampton  co.  Pa.  on 
the  Lrliinh  river. 

LKIIK;!!  (;AP,  v.  Norlham|ilon  on.  Pa. 

LEICESTER,  I.  Addison  eo.  \  t.  <m  Otter 
creek,  42  m.  NW.  from  Windsor.     I'op.  fi.'lH. 

LEI('E.STER,  t.  Woreesti  r  eo.  Mass.  «  m. 
\y.  from  Worcester,  4(i  WSW.  from  Boston. 
I'oj).  I,7r^2.  It  contains  an  aciidemy,  and  h(  v. 
eral  houses  l()r  jiiiblic  worship.  The  acadeinx 
.was  incor|)oriited  in  17H4,  and  is  well  endow-  ,|. 
It  has  usually  alwuit  100  students.  W(K)1-c  mIu 
are  manufactured  in  thin  town  to  a  irgc 
amount. 

LEICE.STER,  t.  I-ivinirston  co.  N.  Y.  on 
(ieiiessee  river,  21  in.  .SE.  fiom  Batavia,  240 
W.  from  Albany.  Po[).  2,042.  It  has  2  vil- 
lairi's,  Moscow  and  Mount  Morris,  and  3  PrcH- 
bylerian  elmrches. 

LiUN.STER,  CO.  L.C.  on  the  N.  t-idc  of  tlio 
St.  Lawrence. 

LE.MINtiTON,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  on  Con- 
necticiit  river,  CI  m.  NE.  from  Montpelicr. 
Pop.  1.S2. 

LEMON,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  on  Miami  river. 
Pop.  3,023. 

LEMPSTER,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N. H.40  m.  W. 
from  Concord.     Pop.  5)01). 

LENAWEE,  CO.  Michigan.  Pop.  1,591. 
Tecumseh  is  the  capital. 

LENOIR,  CO.  N.  C.  bounded  by  Jones  SE. 
Dublin  SW.  Wayne  W.  Grecme  N.  and  Cra- 
vdiNE.  Length  20,  width  16  m.  Chief  town 
Kingston,  stands  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Neuso 
river,  above  50  in.  by  water  above  Newbcrn. 
Pop.  7,0.35. 

LENOIR'S,  v.  Roane  co.  Ten.  E.  from  Mur- 
frccslxjroiigh. 

LENOX,  t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  on  Oneida 
Lake,  and  Erie  canal,  about  28  m.  W.  from 
Utica.     Pop.  5,0:W. 

LENOX,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Berkshire 
CO.  Mass.  half  way  between  Pittsfield  and 
Stockbridge,  and  about  20  m.  E.  of  Hudson 
river,  133  m.  from  Boston,  and  363  from  W. 
In  addition  to  the  ordinary  co.  buildings,  this 
town  contains  an  academy,  and  fbundery  for 
casting  hollow  iron  ware.  Pop.  1,355.  Lat. 
12' 21';  Ion.  3-' .53'  E.  from  W. 


w 


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if  1  fH.  s  ib 


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in  2 


LEN— LEW 


T.ENOX-(;ASTr,R,  t.  nocUinsrliain  co.  N.(^ 
1()  iti.  F/.  t'loiu  (Jcrnmiitinvi),  iiiiil  ll)  SW.  Irom 
i)anvillc. 

L1:N()XVH,F,K,  t.  mid  f-.p.  Cartcrct  co. 
i\.  (.'.  to  tin:  N.  fioiii  JJcanlbrt,  and  on  a  small 
<:rc('k  or  bay  roiiminiiicatin<r  with  Core  Sound, 
.'{  m.  W.  finin  IJcaulbrt. 

T,F.()(;ANi';  t.  on  tlio  W.  coast  of  St.  Do- 
iiiin{,'o,  1)  Icnirni's  W.  by  S.  Port-au-Prince. 
l.on.  7:2^  :)7'  W.;  lat.  28'^  .SO'  N. 

LEOIJANi;,  liiij/of,  called  also  Biffht  of 
Ijcos^anc',  at  tliu  \V.  end  of  tho  island  of  St. 
Doniinjfo.  It  opens  between  Cape  St.  Nicholas 
and  Capo  Danic  .Marie,  45  Icajrues  apart. 

I-E().MI\S'rER,  t.  Worcester  co.  iMass.  20 
ni.  N.  from  Worcester.  Pop.  1,8C1.  It  is  on 
Nashua  river,  and  has  numerous  mills  and 
maiiufiictures. 

lifiON,  t.  Mexico,  in  Guanaxuato,  40  m. 
NW.  irom  (Juanaxuato.  Lon.  272=  10'  E. ; 
lat.  20°  18'  N. 

liEON,  a  city  of  Guatemala,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Nicaraj,nia.  In  the  vicinity  is  a 
mountain  with  a  volcano,  which  sometimes  oc- 
casions (lartlupiakes.  It  is  a  commercial  place, 
peafed  near  the  NW.  extremity  of  the  lake 
Nicnrapua,  31)  m.  from  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lon. 
87-20' W.;  lat.  12=  30' N. 

LEON,  New,  a  province  in  the  S.  part  of 
New  Mexico,  havinsf  the  ffulf  of  Mexico  on 
the  E.  Paiinco  on  thi-  S.  and  New  Biscay  oa 
the  W.     It  is  little  known. 

LEONARDSTOWN,  v.  in  St.  Mary's  co. 
Md.  situated  on  the  N.  side  of  Potomac  river, 
33  m.  SE.  of  Port  Tobacco,  and  68  S.  by  E. 
of  W. 

LEONARDSVILLE,  v.  Madison  co.  N.  Y. 
!).'")  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  All)any. 

LEPAGE,  Sciiriiiniy,  Cornwallis  co.  L.  C. 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Tiawrencc. 

LERMA,  t.  :\Iexieo,  !)  leajrues  WSW.  from 
Lon.  !)i)=21'  W.;  lat.  LP  l(i'  N. 

LEROY,  t.  (ienesee  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  E. 
from  Batavia,  38  \V.  ^Vom  Canandaipua.  It 
contains  a  handsome  .  m,:  ^  with  a  Presbyte- 
rian church.     Pop.  3,!)09. 

LEROYSVILLE,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. 
LET  ART,  t.  Meljrs  co.  Ohio. 
LET  ART'S  RAPIDS,  in  Ohio  river,  25  m. 
below  Shade  river. 

LETTERKENNY,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa. 
LEV  AN  A,  t.  Brown  co.  Oltio,  on  Ohio  river, 
2  m.  below  Ripley.     It  contains  a  printing- 
office. 

LEVANT,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.  10  m.  NW. 
from  Bangor.    Pop.  747. 

LEVENW^RTH,  t.  Crawford  co.  In.  on 
the  Ohio,  at  the  horse-shoe  bond,  12  m.  W. 
from  Corydon,  30  SW.  from  Salem,  25  S.  from 
Paoli. 

LEVERETT,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  10  m. 
SE.  from  (ireenfield.     Pop.  939. 
LEVESTON'S,  v.  Franklin  co.  In. 
LEVI  POINT,  point,  L.  C.  on  the  St.  Law- 
rence,  opposite  Quebec. 

LEWIS'  CREEK,  r.  Vt.  which  runs  into 
Lake  Champlain,  at  Ferrisburg. 

LEVI,  Jslr  du  Fort,  in  the  river  St.  Law 
rence,  in  front  of  the  township  of  Edwards 


burfrh,  U.  C.  It  lies  about  5  m.  below  Ogdeiis- 
burir. 

LEWIS,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  GO  m.  NE.  from 
Montpclier. 

LEWIS,  CO.  N.  Y.  Iwunded  by  Oneida  S. 
Oswego  SW.  .Tetfer.=!on  NW.  St.  Lawrence 
NE.  and  Herkimer  E.  Length  50  m.  mean 
width  .30  ;  soil  productive  in  grain  and  pastnr- 
age.  Chief  town,  !\Iartinsburg.  Pop.  in  1820, 
!J,227  ;  in  1830,  14,<J.')8. 

LEWIS,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  Y.  6  m.  N.  from 
Eiizabethtown.     Pop.  1,305. 

LEW  IS,  CO.  Va.  bounded  by  Nicholas  S.  Ivcn- 
hawa  SW.  Wood  NW.  Harrison  N.  and  Ran- 
dolph E,  Length  45  m.  mean  width  32 ;  soil 
generally  rather  barren.  Chief  town,  West- 
town.     Po]).  (;,341. 

LEWIS,  t.  situated  on  the  Ohio  river,  Brown 
CO.  Ohio.     Pop.  2,022. 

LEWIS,  eo.  Ken.  on  Ohio  river,  bounded  by 
Fleming  SW.  Mason  W.  Ohio  river  N.  and 
Circenc  E.  and  NE.  Length  28  m.  mean  width 
14:  soil  productive.  Chief  town,  Clarksburg. 
Pop.  5,20(i. 

LEWIS,  C.  H.  v.  Lewis  co.  Ken.  103  m. 
NE.  by  E.  from  Frankfort. 

I-E\V1S  BAY,  harbor  of  Yarmouth,  Barn- 
stable CO.  Mass.  on  the;  S.  shore  of  Cape  Cod. 
LEWISBERRY,  v.  York  co.  Pa. 
IJOWISBllRG,  v.  Preble  co.  Ohio,  81  in 
SW.  by  W.  from  Coluirjbus. 

LEW1S1U!R(J,  v.  Union  co.Pa.  on  the  Siis- 

quehaiinah  river,  7  m.  above  Northumberlaiul. 

LEWISBURG,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  (Jrecn- 

brier   co.    Va.   60    m.  W.   from   Lexinglon, 

Rockbridsre.co. 

LEWLSnrRf^  t.  Muhlenburg  co.  Ken.  on 
Cireen  river,  40  in.  SE.  (roni  Russcllvillo. 

LEWIS  RIVER,  r.  of  the  Columbia  valley. 
It  is  the  main  middle  fork  of  Columbia,  risi'n 
about  30=  W.  from  W. ;  lat.  40'=  N.  and  flow- 
ing  N  W.  noO  m.  joins  Clark's  river,  and  forms 
the  Columbia. 

LEWIS'  STORE,  v.  Spottsylvania  co.  Va, 
!)0  m.  SSE.  from  Richmond. 

LEWISTON,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  on  the  E. 
side  of  Androscoggin,  13  m.  above  its  junction 
with  the  Kenncbeck.    Pop.  1,549. 

LEWISTON,  v.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  on  Ni- 
agara river,  opposite  to  Qucenstown,  in  U.  C. 
Lewiston  stands  at  the  head  of  ship  naviga- 
tion from  Lake  Erie.  Steam-boats  ply  regu- 
larly from  that  place  to  Sacket's  Harbor. 
Above  Lewiston  to  navigable  water,  above  tlir. 
Falls  of  Niogara,  is  about  8  in.  Pop.  in  1820, 
§69;  m  1830,  1,528. 

LEWISTON,  V.  Montgomery  co.  Miso.  50 
m.  westerly  from  St.  Louis. 

LEWISTOWN,  V.  and  seat  of  justice,  Sns. 
sex  CO.  Del.  on  licwis  creek,  about  3  m.  from 
the  light-house  at  Cape  Henlopen.  It  supports 
a  small  coasting  trade.  It  is  about  113  m.  S. 
of  Philadelphia. 

LEWISTOWN,  V.  and  seat  of  justice,  Mif- 
flin CO.  Pa.  on  the  N.  side  of  Juniatta  river,  .55 
m.  NW,  of  Harrisburg,  and  162  of  Philadel- 
phia.    Pop.  1,479. 

LEWISVILLE,  V.  Brunswick  co.  Va.  about 
70  m.  S.  from  Richmond. 


;X        ^ 


LEW— LEX 


313 


ow  Ogdeiis- 

.  NE.  from 

y  Oneida  S. 
t.  Lawroncc 
!)()  m.  mean 
n  and  pastnr- 
Pop.  in  1820, 

5  m.  N.  from 

cholasS.Kcn- 

fi  N.  and  Kaii- 
width  32 ;  soil 
f  town,  Wcst- 

io  river,  Brown 

ircr,  bounded  by 
3  river  N.  and 
I  m.  mean  width 
vn,  Clarksburg. 

).  Ken.  103  m. 

[■armouth.  Barn- 
•e  of  Cape  Cod. 
CO.  Pa. 
CO.  Ohio,  81  in 

o.  Pa.  on  the  Siis- 
Nortliunibrrlawl. 
of  justice,  (irecn- 
from  Lexington, 

burg  CO.  Ken.  on 
..usscUvillc. 
Columbia  valloy- 
.  Columbia,  rises 
4(P  N.  and  flow- 
river,  and  ibvnis 

^tsylvania  co.  Va. 

CO.  Me.  on  the  E. 
above  its  junction 

1,549. 

co.N.Y.on  Ni- 
enstown,  in  V.  C. 
id  of  ship  navijra. 
m-boata  ply  refru- 
Sacket's  Harbor, 
water,  above  the 
Pop.  in  1P20. 

CO.  Miso-  50 


in. 


Tiery 

neat  of  justice,  Sns- 
t,  about  3  m.  from 
llopen.  It  supports 
lis  about  113  m. ». 

leat  of  justice,  Mif- 

^  Juniatta  river, » 

162  of  Philadtl- 

Lick  CO.  Va.  about 


LEWISVILLE,  v.  Chester  district,  S.  C.  7:2 
m.  N.  from  Cohinibia. 

LEWISVILLE,  V.  Blount  co.  Ten.  170  m. 
E.  from  Murfrresboroujnrh. 

LEXIN(iTON  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  11  m. 
NW.  from  Boston.  In  this  town,  April  I'Jth, 
1775,  the  first  blood  was  shed  in  tliat  revolu- 
tion which  jiroduccd  this  flourishing  republic. 
A  monument  lias  been  erected  on  the  green  at 
I*xington  in  commemoration  of  this  event. 
Pop.  1,541. 

LEXINGTON,  t.Greene  CO.  N.Y.Pop.2,248. 

LEXINGTON,  V.  Erie  co.  Pa. 

LEXINGTON,  t.  and  capital  of  Rockbridge, 
CO.  Va.  about  150  m.  W.  of  Bichmond.  It 
stands  about  Iialf  a  mile  S.  of  the  N.  liranch 
of  .lames  river.  Wasiiington  college  was  en- 
(lowetl  by  the  illustrious  man  whose  name  it 


bears,  with  100  sliares  of  tlie  James'  river  com-  i 
pany  stock,  wliicli  prochice  an  annual  income 
of  !il2,4()0.  It  has  a  library,  and  piiilosopliieal 
ap[)aratus.  The  faculty  are,  a  president,  two 
])rofessors,  and  a  tutor.  Commencement  is  in 
April.  Here  is  likewise  an  institution  for  the 
education  of  young  ladies,  havinjr  a  large  and 
liandsome  edifice,  and  teachers  in  all  tlie 
branches  of  education  commonly  taught  in 
such  schools. 

LEXINGTON,  v.  Rowan  co.  N.  C.  on  a 
branch  of  the  Yadkin,  136  m.  W.  from  Ra- 
leii)h. 

LEXINGTON,  district,  S.  C.  bounded  SE., 
S.  and  8VV,  by  Orangeburgh,  W.  by  Edge- 
field, NW.  by  5fewberry,  and  NE.  by  Fairfield 
and  Richland,  or  by  Broad  and  Congaree  rivers. 
Length  38  m.  mean  width  27.  Chief  town, 
(Jranby.     Pop.  9,076. 

LEXINGTON,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Ogle- 
thorpe CO.  Geo.  on  Ogeechee  river,  76  m.  NW. 
troni  Augusta.     It  is  the  seat  of  an  academy. 
LEXINGTON,  v.  Richland  co.  Ohio,  62  m. 
NNE.  from  Columbus. 

LEXINGTON,  t.  in  the  north-eastern  cor- 
ner of  Stark  co.  Ohio,  in  which  is  a  village  of 
the  same  name.  Pop.  869. 
LEXINGTON,  t.  Jefferson  co.  In. 
LEXINGTON,  t.  and  seat  of  justice.  Fay- 
ette  CO.  Kent  on  Town-fork,  a  branch  of  Elk- 
horn  river,  25  m.  ESE.  from  Frankfort,  and 
about  85  m.  S.  from  Cincinnati,  and  534  from 
W.  Lat  38°  6'.  Lexington  is  the  commercial 
capital  of  the  state,  and  one  of  its  most  an- 
cient towns.  It  received  its  name  from  some 
iiuntcrs,  who  were  encamped  under  the  shade 
of  the  original  forest,  where  it  is  built,  and 
who,  receiving  the  first  intelligence  of  Lexing- 
ton battle  in  Massachusetts,  named  tlie  town 
after  that,  where  commenced  the  great  strug- 
gle of  American  independence.  It  was  for  a 
long  time  the  political  metropolis  of  the  state, 
and  the  most  important  town  in  the  West. 
Transylvania  University  has  fair  claims  to  pre- 
cedence  among  western  collegiate  institutions. 
Its  chief  edifice  was  burnt  two  years  since, 
•^•A  is  now  replaced  by  a  handsome  and  more 
commodious  one.  It  has  twelve  professors  and 
tutors,  and  in  the  academical,  medical,  and  law 
classes,  376  students.    The  buildings  for  the 


and  its  library  contains  4,500  volumes  of 
standard  works  in  medicine.  All  the  libraries 
connected  witli  the  University  number  14,100 
volumes.  The  law  school  has  25  pupils  ;  and 
the  medical  class  211,  from  iill  tiie  southern 
and  western  states.  The  re|)Htntion  of  its  pro- 
fessors  has  given  it  a  deservedly  bigli  stand- 
ing. The  Rev.  Mr.  Peers  is  at  the  bead  of  a 
school  gaining  great  reputation,  us  being  the 
only  one  known  in  the  United  States,  the  pu- 
pils of  which  are  professedly  guided  in  their 
whole  discipline,  with  relereiice  to  the  physical, 
organic,  and  moral  laws  of  our  being.  The 
Female  Academy,  under  the  care  of  Rev.  Mr. 
Woods,  is  in  high  repute,  and  has  100  pupils. 
There  are  various  other  schools  which  concur 
witli  these  to  vindicate  the  liigb  literary  esti- 
mation of  this  city.    The  other  public  edifices 


are  as  follow  :  a  liandsome  antl  spacious  court- 
house, a  large  Masonic  hall,  and  11  churches, 
in  which  several  denominations  of  Christianity 
arc  rejircsciited.     Tlie  State  Lunatic  Asylum 
is  a  spacious  and  very  commodious  building, 
containing,  on  an  average,  90  deranged  pa- 
tients, under  the  guidance  and  eflicient  care  of 
physicians,  surgeons,  and  nurses.    The  U.  S. 
Branch  Bank  has  a  large  banking-house,  in 
which  business  in  the  way  of  discount  and 
negotiation  of  bills,  is  annually  transacted  to 
tlie  amount  of  $1,700,000.    The  chief  manu- 
factures  are  those  of  cotton-bagging,  and  vari- 
ous kinds  of  cordage,  particularly  bale  rope. 
Of  the  former  were   manufactured  in   1830, 
1,000,000  yards ;  and  of  the  latter  2,000,000 
pounds.    There  are  three  factories  for  spin- 
ning and  weaving  wool,  and  five  or  six  for  cot- 
ton ;  and  one  large  and  several  smaller  ma- 
chine-making factories.  In  the  woollen  factories 
are   manufiicturcd  handsome   carpets.      The 
town  buildings  in  general  are  handsome,  and 
some  are  magnificent.    Few   towns  in  the 
West,  or  elsewhere,  are  more  delightfully  situ- 
ated.    Its  environs  have  a  singular  soilness 
and  amenity  of  landscape,  and  the  town  wears 
an  air  of  neatness,  opulence,  and  repose,  indi- 
cating leisure  and  studiousness,  rather  than 
the  bustle  of  business  and  commerce.     It  is 
situated  in  the  centre  of  a  proverbially  rich 
and  beautiful  country.  The  frequency  of  hand- 
some villas  and  ornamented  rural  mansions, 
imparts  tlic  impression  of  vicinity  to  an  opu- 
lent metropolis.    A  beautiful  branch  of  the 
Elkhorn  runs  through  the  city,  and  snpplies  it 
witli  water.    The  main  street  is  a  mile  and  a 
quarter  in   length,  and  80  feet  wide ;    well 
paved,  and  the  principal  roads  leading  from  it 
to  the  country  are  M'Adamized  to  some  dis- 
tance.   In  tlie  centre  of  the  town  is  the  public 
square,  surrounded  by  handsome  buildings.  In 
this  square  is  the  market-house,  which  is  am- 
ply supplied  with  all  the  products  of  the  state. 
The  inhabitants  are  cheerful,  intelligent,  con- 
versable, and   noted  for  their  hospitality  to 
strangers.    The  professional  men  are  distin- 
guished for  their  attainments  in  their  several 
walks,  and  many  distinguished  and  eminent 
men  have  had  their  origin  here.    The  Univer- 
sity, with  its  professors  and  students,  and  tlu; 


■f 


medical  department  arc  large  and  commodious ;  I  numerous  distinguished  strangers  that  arc  \  is- 

ap 


314 


LEX— LIN 


1 1 '  .11,  Pii 


mm  ■ 

f^r-vK-aly."  J. 


ffM;^l^  '• 


iting  here,  during  the  summer  months,  add  to 
the  attractions  of  the  city.  The  people  arc 
addicted  to  giving  i)arties;  and  the  tone  of 
society  is  fashionable  and  picas  int.  Stran<rers, 
in  gensral,  are  much  pleased  with  a  temporary 
sojourn  in  tliis  city,  '.v!iicli  conveys  hi;r|i  idciK 
of  t!ie  reiine-iuiiit  unci  tisto  of  tho  counlry. 
There  arc  no.v  much  hrg^r  tovvns  in  the 
West;  but  none  prcsciitiiijr  more  beiuty  and 
intelligence.  The  stranger,  on  finding  liim- 
Bclf  in  tha  midst  of  its  polished  and  interest- 
ing' society,  cmnot  but  be  carried  back  by  the 
strong  contrast  to  tiie  tine,  wUca  the  pitri- 


LIBERT  Y  CORNER,  v.  Somerset  co.  N.  J. 

LIBERTY  HALL,  v.  Morgan  co.  Geo. 

LIBERTY  HALL,  v.  Pittsylvania  co.  Va. 
121  m.  from  Richmond. 

LIREPtTV  HALL,  Pendleton  district,  S.C. 
107  in.  N\V.  from  Columbia. 

LIBERTY   HILL,    v.   Ivorshaw    district, 

s.  c;. 

LIBERTY  HILL,  v.  Gmcnc  co.  Al. 
LIBERTY  'i'OW.V,  t.  Fruderic't  co.  .Md. 
1:3  m.  XE,  r'redcriclUon,  46  from  VV. 
LICIv,  t.  .Tack.'ion  co.  Ohio. 
LIUivIXG,  r.  Kc.i.  which  falls  into  the  Ohio 


archal  hunters  of  Kentucky,  reclining  on  their  |  at  Newport,  alter  a  course  of  more  than  ISO 
buTaio  robas  around  their  evening  fires,  cano- 
pied by  the  lolly  trees  and  the  stars,  gave  it 
the  name  it  bears,  by  patriotic  acclamation. 
The  number  of  inhabitants  is  6,104. 

LEXINGTON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice.  Hen- 
derson  co.  Ten.  on  Beech  river,  a  small  branch 
entering  Tennessee  river  from  the  W.  140  m. 
SSVV.  from  Nasiiville. 

LEXINGTON,  v.  Scott  co.  In.  95  m.  a  lit- 
tle E.of  S.  from  Indianapolis. 

LEXINGTON,  t.  Boone  co.  Miso.  163  m. 
W.  from  St.  Louis. 

LEXINGTON,  C.  H.  and  v.  Lexington  dis- 
trict,  S.  C.  12  m.  from  Columbia. 

LEXINGTON  HEIGHTS,  v.  Greene  co. 
N.  Y.  5J  m.  from  Albany. 

LEXINGTON  HILL,  v.  Lillard  co.  Miso. 
173  m.  \V.  from  St.  Louis. 

LEYDEN,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.   Pop.  796. 

LEYDEN,  t.  Lewis  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black 
river,  33  n).  N,  from  Utica,  115  NW.  from  Al- 
bany.    Pop.  1,502, 


miles.     It  is  navigible  70  miles. 

LICKING,  r.  Ohio,  which  joins  the  Mus. 
kingum  on  the  W.  opposite  Zanesville.  Near 
its  mouth  extensive  iron  works  arc  erected. 

LICKING,  CO.  Ohio.  Sq.  ms.  700.  Pop. 
20,838.    Chief  town,  Newark. 

LICKING,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio. 

LICKING,  t.  j\lush.ingum  co.  Ohio,  10  m. 
NW.  from  Zanesville. 

LICKING  CREEK,  v.  hi  the  SE.  angle  of 
Bed:brd  co.  Pa.  25  m.  SE.  from  Bedford,  and 
10  m.  N.  from  Hancockstown. 

LICKING-STATION,  v.  I'loyd  co.  Ken, 

LICKVILLE,  v.  Greenville  district,  S.  116 
m.  NW.  from  Columbia. 

LIC;ONIA,  V.  Harrison  co.  Indiana. 

LIGONI  A,  V.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  81  m.  N. 
from  Portland. 

LIGONIA,  V.  in  the  NE.  angle  of  West- 
mori.-land  co.  Pa. 

LIGONTON,  V.  Amelia  co.  Va. 

LILY  POINT,  V.  King  William  co.  Va. 


LIBERTY,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y.  on  Dela- 136  in.     C.  from  Richmond. 


ware  river.  Pop.  in  1820,  851 ;  in  1830,  1,277. 

LIBERTY,  V.  Tioga  co.  Penn.  123  m.  from 
Harrisburg. 

LIBERTY,  V.  and  seat  of  justice,  Bedford 
CO.  Va.  on  one  of  the  higher  branches  of  Otter 
river,  25  m.  SE.  from  Fincastle. 

LIBERTY,  CO.  of  Geo.  bounded  by  the  At- 
lantic  Ocean  SE,  M'Intosh  S.  Alatamaha  river 
SW.  Tatnall  NW.  and  Bryan  NE.  length  50 
rn.  mean  width  10.  Chief  town,  Riceborough. 
Pop.  in  1820,  6,635;  in  1630,  7,234. 

LIBERTY,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio. 

LIBERTY,  t.  in  the  S.  part  of  Delaware  co. 
Ohio. 

LIBERTY,  t.  Columbia  co.  Pa. 

LIBERTY,  t.  and  cap.  Amite  co.  Mis.  65 
m.  from  Midisonville. 

LIBERTY,  t.  Union  co.  In. 

LIBERTY,  t.  Smith  co.  Ten.  20  m.  S.from 
Carthage. 

LIBERTY,  t.  Casey  co.  Ken.    Pop.  UK 

LIBERTY,  t.  Butler  CO.  Ohio,  6  m.  E.  from 
Hamilton.    Pop.  1,723. 

LIBERTY,  t.  Clinton  co.  Ohio,  7  m.  N.  from 
Wilmington.    Pop.  800. 

LIBERTY,  t.  Highland  co.  Ohio,  in  which 
is  Hillsborough,  the  seat  of  justice  for  the  co. 

LIBERTY,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio,  9  ra. 
W,  from  Dayton. 

LIBERTY,  t.  Washington  co.  Missouri. 

LIBERTY,  East,  v.  Marion  co.  Ten.  102 
m.  from  Murfreesborough. 


LIMA,  t.  Livingston  co.  N.  Y.  16  m.  W. 
from  Canandaigua.  Pop.  in  1820,  1,963;  in 
1830,  1,704. 

LIME  CREEK,  v.  Monroe  co.  Alabama. 

LIMERICK,  t.  York  co.  Me.  about  12  m. 
W.  of  the  river  Saeo.  Pop.  in  1820,  1,377;  in 
1830,  1,426. 

LIMERICK,  V.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y. 

LIMERICK,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  on  the 
NE.  side  of  the  Schuylkill,  5  m.  E.  from  Potts- 
grove,  and  25  W.  from  Philadelphia.  Fop, 
1,744. 

LIME  ROCK,  V.  Providence  co.  R.  I.  6  m. 
from  Providence. 

LIMESTONE  CREEK,  r.  Ten.  the  NE, 
branch  of  Nolachucky  river. 

LIMESTONE,  co.  Alabama,  bounded  by 
Tennessee  river  SW.  Lauderdale  oo.  W.  Giles 
CO.  in  Tennessee  N.  and  Madison  co.  in  Al, 
E. ;  lena-th  30  m.  width  24.  Much  of  the  soil 
is  excellent.  Chief  town,  Cotton-Port  Pop. 
in  1820,  9^871 ;  in  1830,  14,843. 

LIMINGTON,  t.  York  co.  Me.  on  the  W. 
side  of  Saco  river,  4  m.  W.  of  Standish,  and 
22  W.  of  Portland.    Pop.  2,320. 

LINARES,  t.  Mexico,  in  New  Leon,  be- 
tween Bravo  and  St.  Fernando  rivers.  Lon. 
from  W.  22°  20' ;  lat.  25=  50'. 

LINCHANCHIA,  t.  Yucatan,  25  m.  N.  of 
Merida. 

LINCOLN,  CO.  Niagara  district,  U.  C.  on 
Niagara  river,  at  its  mouth. 


k)merBetco.  N.  J. 
rgan  co.  Geo. 
tsylvauia  co.  Va. 

^ton  district,  S.  C. 

Ccrshaw    district, 

cnp  CO.  Al. 
'rcilcjrio\  co.  Md. 
Ironi  W. 

0. 

i'A\s  into  the  Ohio 
uf  more  tlian  ISO 
liles. 
cii  joins  the  Mus. 

Zanesville.    Near 
itlts  are  erected, 
jq.  ms.  700.    Pop. 
irk. 
.  Ohio, 
un  CO.  Ohio,  10  m. 

ill  the  SE.  angle  of 

,  from  Bedford,  and 

vvn. 

V.  Floyd  CO.  Ken. 

alle  district,  S.  116 

CO.  Indiana. 

CO.  Maine,  81  m.  N 

iE.  angle  of  West- 

I  CO.  Va. 

ig  William  co.  Va. 

o.  N.  Y.  16  m.  W. 
in  1820,  1,963;  in 

nroe  co.  Alabama, 
•o.  Me.  about  12  m. 
p.  in  18.^0, 1,377;  in 

on  CO.  N.  Y. 
imery  co.  Pa.  on  the 
;om.E.  from  Potts- 
Philadelphia.    Pop. 

idence  co.  R.  I.  6  m 

K,  r.  Ten.  the  NE. 

er. 

Jabama,  bounded  by 

iderdale  00.  W.Giles 

Madison  co.  in  Al. 

.     Much  of  the  soil 

Cotton-Port.    Pop- 
14,843. 

i  CO.  Me.  on  the  >v . 
W.  of  Standish,  and 

2,320. 
_,,  in  New  Leon,  be. 
rnando  rivers.    Lon. 
)  50'. 

ucatan,  25  m.  N.  of 

ja  district,  U.  C.  on 
th. 


LIN— LIT 


315 


I 


LINCOLN,  t  Sunbury  co.  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  river  St.  John. 

LINCOLN,  CO.  Maine,  on  both  sides  of  the 
Kennebcck ;  bounded  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
S.  Kciinebeck  Bay  and  Androscogjrin  river 
SW.  Kennebcck  CO.  NW.  Hancock  NE.  and 
Penobscot  Bay  I'-.  Lcnjrfh  1.")  in.  mean  width 
25,  Soil  productive  in  gruin  and  pasturage. 
Chief  town,  Witicafisct.  Pop.  in  182i),  53,18J; 
in  183  >,  .57,181. 

LINCOLN,  t.  Gradon  co.  N.  IL  between 
the  sources  of  the  i^Ierriniac'c  and  Ammo, 
noo'-nch  rivers,  GO  in.  a b.jve  Concord.  Poj).  5\). 

LINCOLN,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  21  in.  SW. 
from  .Montpclicr.    Pop.  63). 

LINCOLN,  t.  Middlesc.v  co.  Mass.     Pop. 

70;). 

LINCOT-N,  CO.  N.  C.  bounded  by  South  Ca- 
rolina  S.  Rutherford  ^V^  Burke  NW.  Iredell 
or  Catawba  river  NE.  and  Cat.awba  river  or 
Mecklenburg  E.;  length  48  m.  mean  width  25. 
Soil  on  the  streams  excellent,  ('hicf  staple, 
cotton.  Chief  town,  Lincolnton.  Pop.  in  1820, 
18,147;  in  1830,  22,fi25. 

LINCOLN,  CO.  Geo.  on  Savannaii  river; 
bounded  by  Columbia  SE.  Wilkes  SW.  nnd 
.Savannah  river  NE;  length  22  m.  mean  wicltii 
10.  (^hief  town  Lincolnton.  Pop.  in  1820, 
6,458;  in  1830,6,137. 

LINCOLN,  CO.  Ken.  hounded  by  Pulaski 
SE.  Casey  SW.  and  W.  IMerccr  NW.  Garrard 
.NE.  and  Rockcastle  E.;  length  27  m.  inciin 
width  17.  Chief  towns,  Stanford  and  Crali- 
orchard.    Pop.  in  1820,  !),!)7;);  in  1830,  11,012. 

LLNCOLN,co.  W.Ten.  bounded  I)y  :\Iadison 
CO.  in  Al.  S.  by  Giles  co.  in  Ten.  W.  L'ldlbrd 
X.  and  Franklin  1'].;  length  2,3  m.  breadlii  23. 
Staple,  cotton.  Chief  town,  Favettcville.  Pop. 
in  1820,  14,761;  in  1830,22,08(5. 

LINCOLN,  V.  Mercer  co.  Ken.  on  Dick's 
river. 

LINCOLN,  CO.  Miso.  bounded  by  Missis- 
sippi  river  E.  Cuivre  river  SE.  ^lontgomcrv 
"cSW.  andW.  ami  by  Pike  NW.  and  N.'; 
longth  21  m.  breadth  22.  I'op-  4,060.  Ciiief 
tnvvn,  Troy. 

LINCOLNTON,  t.  and  scat  of  justice,  Lin- 
coin  CO.  N.C.  on  Little  CVitawba,  1,50  m.  SW. 
by  W.  from  Raleigh,  and  31  NW.  from  Char- 
iottfi, 

LINCOLNTON,  t.  and  cap.  Lincoln  co. 
filco.  40  m.  NW.  from  Augusta. 

LINDEN,  V.  Marengo  co.  Alabama. 

LINDLEY'S  STORE,  v.  Albemarle  co. 
Va. 

LINDLEY'S  STORE,  v.  Orange  co,  N.C. 

LINDSEY'S  MILLS,  v.  Trigg  co.  Ken. 

UNDSLEYSTOWN,  v.  Steuben  co.  N.Y. 

LINE  CREEK,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Al. 

LINGWI(;K,  t.  Buckingham  co.  L.  C.  80  m. 
SE.  Three  Rivers. 

LINK  LEAIR,  v.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y. 

LINTON,  Coshocton  co.  Ohio. 

LISBON,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  on  the  An- 
droscoggin,  23  m.  W.  from  Wiscasset.  Pop. 
2,432. 

LISBON,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Geo.  nt  the  junction 
of  Broad  and  Savannah  rivers. 


LISBON,  t.  New  London  co.  Ct.  on  the 

Quinebaue,  7  m.  N.  from  Norwich,  45  SE. 
from  Hart'ord,     Pop.  1,166. 

LISBON,  t.  St,  Lawrence  ro.  N.  Y.  on  tha 
river  St.  Lawrence,  3  miles  below  Ogdcnsburff. 
Pop.  1,8;)1. 

LISBON,  t.  Clark  co.  Ohio. 

LISBON,  V.  Graflon  co.  N.  H.    Pop.  1,585, 

LISBURN,  V.  Cmnbcrl;;nd  co.  Pa. 

LISBUKN,  cape,  on  the  NW.  coast  of 
Anierici. 

LISLE,  t.  Broome  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  N.  from 
Bitighamiitoti,  120  in.  from  Albany.  Pop.  4,3j3, 

LI.^I.E,  V.  Bro<3me  co.  N.  Y. 

LITCHFlllI.D,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  25  m. 
NW.  from  Wiscasset,  10  Irom  HallowcU.  Pop. 
2,308. 

LITCHFIELD,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H. 
on  the  Merrimack,  30  m.  S.  from  Concord. 
Pop.  505. 

LITCHFIELD,  co.  Ct.  Soil  is  fertile*  Pop. 
42,855.    Chief  town,  Litchfield. 

LITCHFIELD,  t.  and  cap.  Litchfield  co. 
Ct.  30  in.  W.  from  Hartford,  38  NNW.  from 
New  Haven.  Lon.  73=  15  W.;  lat.  4P  42'  N. 
Pop.  4, 158.  It  is  an  elevated  tov.-nship ;  Mount 
Tom,  near  the  SW.  corn 'r,  is  700  feet  above 
the  river  at  its  base.  Litchfield  Great  Pond, 
the  largest  in  the  state,  is  a  beautiliil  sheet  of 
i  water,  comprising  an  area  of  about  900  acres. 
At  its  outlet  are  iinrucrous  valuable  mill-scats. 
Tliero  are  in  Litchfield  4  forges,  1  slitting, 
mill,  1  nail  luanufactory,  18  saw-mills,  6  full- 
ing-inills,  5  larire  tanneries,  besides  several 
i  other  manu;aeturing  establishments.  There 
.  are  8  houses  of  ])iiblic  worship;  4  for  Congre. 
gafioiialit^ts,  3  for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for  Bap. 
tists.  Ill  tlie  .'^ocirty  of  South  Farms  in  3Iorri8 
AciidoHiy,  a  floiirisliing  institution,  established 
in  171)0,  th(^  Latin  and  (ircck  languages  are 
taught,  and  particular  attention  is  paid  to  the 
morals  of  the  students.  Litchfield  village,  in- 
corjjoratcd  in  1818,  is  ])lcasantly  situated  along 
the  i-tiiuiiiit  of  a  hill,  commanding  an  e.\tensivo 
and  deligliti'ul  prospect.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, jail,  bank,  2  rncetiiig-houses,  and  84 
dwelling-houses.  Here  also  is  a  private  school 
for  young  ladies,  which  maintains  a  very  dis. 
tinguished  reputation.  The  Litchfield  Law 
School  w.ns  estaldishcd  in  1784,  by  the  Hon. 
Tapping  Reeve.  This  has  betn  justly  con- 
sidered as  the  most  respectable  and  systematic 
law  school  in  the  United  States.  The  number 
of  students  educated  since  its  establishment  is 
more  than  600. 

LITCHFIELD,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  10 
m.  SW.  from  Herkimer,  10  S.  from  Utica. 
Pop.  1,750. 

LITCHFIELD,  v.  Bradford  co.  Pa.  193  m. 
N.  from  Harrisburg. 

LITCHFIELD,  V.  Grayson  co.  Ken.  70  m. 
SSW.  from  Louisville. 

LITIZ,  t.  in  Warwick  township,  Lancaster 
ro.  Pa.  on  a  branch  of  Conestoga  creek,  8  m., 
N.  from  Lancaster,  66  W.  by  N.  from  Phila. 
delphia.  It  is  settled  by  Moravians,  and  con- 
tains about  300  inhabitants,  a  church,  and  an 
academy.  -  -  i  .,     \'-.' 


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LIT-LLO 


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LITTLE  BEAVER,  r.  which  rises  in  Ohio, 
and  joins  Ohio  river  in  Pennsylvania,  after  a 
SE.  course  of  30  m. 

LI'ITLE  BEAVER  BRIDGE,  v.Coluinbi- 
ana  co.  Ohio,  55  in.  NW.  from  Pittsburg. 
LITTLE  BRITAIN,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 
LITTLE  BRITAIN,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 
It  is  situated  on  tlie  W.  side  of  Octorara  creek. 
LITTLE  COMPTON,  t.  Newport  co.  R.  I. 
It  is  famous  for  its  dairies.     Pop.  1,.378. 

LITTLE  FALLS,  v.  Herl<imer  co.  N.  Y. 
There  is  a  canal  round  Little  Falls  in  tl)C  Mo- 
hawk, at  this  place. 

LITTLE  IIOCKIIOCKING,  a  stream  in 
the  S.  part  of  Washington  co.  Ohio,  running 
into  the  Ohio  river,  5  m.  below  the  mouth  of 
Great  Hockhocking. 

LITTLE  HOCKHOCKING,  v.  Washing- 
ton CO.  Ohio,  116  m.  SE.  from  Columbus. 

LITTLE  INDIAN  CREEK,  small  stream 
of  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  putting  into  the  Ohio  r. 
2  m.  below  Big  Indian  creek. 

LITTLE  MACKINAW,  r.  II.  which  now 
runs  into  tiie  E.  side  of  Illinois  r.  15  m.  below 
Fort  Clark.     It  is  navigable  90  m. 

LITTLE  MIAMI,  r.  rising  in  the  SW.  cor- 
ner of  Madison  co.  and  after  running  SW. 
above  70  m.  across  Clark,  Green,  Warren,  and 
Hamilton  cos.  joins  the  Ohio,  7  m.  above  Cin- 
cinnati. It  is  one  of  the  best  mill-streams  in 
the  state,  and  is  improved  to  a  considerable  ex- 
tent, having  above  50  mills  of  various  kinds  on 
it.  For  navigation,  it  is  of  little  consequence, 
but  for  mills,  is  preferable  to  the  Great  Miami. 
LITTLE  MISSOURI,  the  name  of  2  rivers 
of  the  U.  S.  one  a  branch  of  Missouri,  joining 
that  stream  from  the  SW.  90  m.  above  the 
Mandan  villages ;  and  the  other,  a  branch  of 
Wachitta,  in  Arkansas,  rises  with  the  Little 
river  of  the  N.  flows  E.  and  falls  into  the  Wa- 
ehitau  from  the  W. 

LITTLE  MISSOURI,  t.  Arkansas  Terri- 
tory, on  Little  Missouri  river,  a  S.  branch  of 
tlie  Wachitta. 

LITTLE  PLYMOUTH,  v.  King  and 
Queen  co.  Va. 

LITTLE  REST,  v.  of  South  Kingston,  and 
cap.  of  Washington  co.  R.  I.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  bank,  and  a  Congregational 
church. 

LITTLE  RIVER,  r.  which  rises  in  N.  C. 
and  runs  into  the  Pcdce.  It  forms  part  of 
the  boundary  between  North  Carolina  and 
South  Carolina. 

LITTLE  RIVER,  r.  Geo.  which  runs  into 
the  Savannah,  30  m.  above  Augusta. 

LITTLE  RIVER,  r.  Geo.  wliich  runs  into 
the  Oconee,  about  12  m.  above  Milledgcville. 

LITTLE  RIVER,  r.  Christian  co.  iicn.  runs 
into  the  E.  side  of  the  Cumberland. 

LITTLE  RIVER,  r.  Indiana,  which  runs 
into  the  Wnbasli,  above  Vincennes. 

LITTLE  ROCK,  or  Arkapolis,  the  scat  of 
government  of  Arkansas  territory,  is  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Arkansas,  where  the  first  hills  oc- 
cur in  ascending  the  river.  The  land  here  is 
elevated  150  or  200  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
river,  and  lias  good  springs  of  water.  The 
great  road  from  St.  Louis  to  the  Wachitta  and 


Natchitoches  passes  through  this  place.  The 
settlement  was  commenced  in  1820.  Here  is 
a  printing-office,  from  which  a  newspaper  is 
issued.  It  is  300  m.  from  the  mouth  of  the 
Arkansas,  130  below  Dwight,  and  50  from  the 
Wachitta. 

LITTLE  SANDY  SALT-WORKS,  v.  in 
Greenup  co.  Ken. 

LITTLETON,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  Con- 
nceticut  river,  75  m.  N.  from  Concord  '^tlie 
capital).  Pop.  1,435.  Here  is  a  bridge  across 
the  river  to  Concord. 

LITTLETON,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  28  m. 
WNW.  from  Boston.    Pop.  947. 
LITTLETON,  t.  Sussex  co.  Va. 
LITTLETON,  v.  Warren  eo.  N.  C.  67  m. 
SE.  from  Raleigh. 

LITTLETON'S  ISLAND,  smaU  island  in 
the  Florida  stream.  Lon.  81°  40'  W.;  lat. 
24°  42'  N. 

LITTLETON  VILLAGE,  t.  in  the  N.  part 
of  Grafton  eo.  N.  H.  91  m.  N.  from  Concord, 
LITTLE  VALLEY,  t.  Cataraugus  eo.  N.Y. 
Pop.  337. 

LITTLE  YORK,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Oliio, 
77  m.  SW.  from  Columbus. 

LITTLE  YORK,  v.  Hardin  co.  Ken.  91  m. 
SW.  from  Frankfort. 

LIVERMORE,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  on  the 
Androscoggin,  18  m.  NE.  from  Paris,  78  from 
Portland.    Pop.  2,456. 

LIVERPOOL,  V.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y.  3  m. 
from  Salina. 

LIVERPOOL,  V.  in  the  NE.  part  of  Perry 
CO.  Pa.  on  the  right  bank  of  Susquehamiali  r. 
about  30  m.  above  Ilarrisburg. 

LIVERPOOL,  V.  York  co.  Pa.  6  m.  N.  from 
the  borough  of  York. 

LIVERPOOL,  V.  Medina  co.  Ohio,  170  m. 
NE.  from  Columbus. 

LIVINGSTON,  t.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
2,087.  It  is  situated  40  m,  S.  from  Albany, 
on  the  river  Hudson. 

LIVINGSTON,  CO.  N.  Y.  on  both  sides  of 
Genesee  river,  bounded  S.  by  Steuben  and  Al- 
leghany, VV.  by  Genesee,  N.  by  Monroe,  and 
E.  by  Ontario ;  length  30  m.  width  20.  Pop. 
27,700.    Genesee  is  the  capital. 

LIVINGSTON,  V.  Essex  co.  N.  J.  54  m. 
NE.  from  Trenton. 

LIVINGSTON,  CO.  Ken.  bounded  by  Ten- 
nessce  river  SW.  by  Ohio  river  W.  and  NVV. 
by  Trade  Water  river,  or  Union  co.  NE.  and 
Caldwell  co.  SE. ;  length  47  m.  mean  widtli  15. 
Much  of  the  soil  is  highly  fertile.  Pop.  ISiJO, 
5,824;  in  1830,  6,607.    Chief  town,  Salem. 

LIVINGSTON,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  3  m. 
SE.  from  Circlcvijle. 

LIVINGSTON'S  CREEK,  r.  N-  C.  vvliich 
runs  into  the  W.  side  of  the  NW.  brancii  of 
Cape  Fear  river. 

LIVINGSTONVILLE,  v.  Schoharie  co. 
N.  Y.  22  m.  W.  from  Albany. 

LIVONIA,  t.  Livingston  co.  N.Y.  between 
Genesee  and  Hemlock  Lake,  20  m.  SW.  from 
Canandaigua.    Pop.  2,665. 

LIVONIA,  V.  Washington  co.  In.  97  m-  S. 
Ironi  Indianapolis. 
LLOYD'S,  V.  Essex  co.  Va. 


.v» 


LLO— LON 


817 


lis  place.  The 
1820.  Here  m 
I  newspaper  is 
c  inouth  of  tliR 
ind  50  from  tlie 

WORKS,  V.  in 

0.  N.  H.  on  Con. 
m  Concord  '^llie 
)  a  bridge  across 

X.  CO.  Mass.  28  m. 
47. 
o.Va. 
CO.  N.  C.  67  m. 

0,  small  island  in 
BP  40'  W.;  lat. 

3,  t.  in  the  N.  part 
}.  from  Concord, 
itaraugus  co.  N.Y. 

itgomery  co.  Ohio, 

din  CO.  Ken.  91  ra. 

d  CO.  Me.  on  tlie 
•om  Paris,  78  from 

ago  CO.  N.  Y.  3  m. 

InE.  part  of  Perry 
f  Susquehamiah  r. 

irg. 

lo.  Pa.  6  m.  N.  from 

^a  CO.  Ohio,  170  m. 

^bia  CO.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
I,  S.  from  Albany, 

^  on  both  sides  of 
U  Steuben  and  Al- 
,by  Monroe,  and 
width  20.  Pop. 
Utal. 
Ix  CO.  N.  J.  54  m. 

L  bounded  by  Ten- 
ViverW.  and  NW. 
Jnion  CO.  NE.  and 
,'  m.  mean  widtli  15. 
Ifertile.  Fop.  1820, 
lief  town,  Saleiii. 
Iway  CO.  Ohio,  3  m. 

^K,  r.  N.  C.  vvliich 
pie  NW.  branch  ol 

V.  Schoharie   co. 

i'co.  N.Y.  between 
[e,20m.SW.from 

on  CO.  In.  97  !"•  S- 

IVa. 


LLOYD'S  LAKE,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Florida.     Lon.  80=  .'iO'  W. ;  lat.  25='  18'  N. 

LLOYD'S  NECK,  a  peninsula,  N.  Y.  on 
N.  shore  of  Long  Island,  forming  tlie  west 
side  of  Huntington  bay. 

LtX;PL\BER,  t.  York  co.  L.  C.  on  Ottawa 
river. 

LOCKE,  t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y,  23  m.  SSE. 
from  Auburn.    Pop.  3,310. 

LtXlKPORT,  very  thriving  v.  of  Niagara 
CO.  N.  Y.  on  the  Eric  canal,  220  m.  by  the  cii- 
iial  W.  from  Utica,  and  by  the  canal  34  NNE. 
from  Buffalo.  It  is  at  this  village  that  tlic  first 
series  of  locks,  from  lake  Erie,  occurs  in  the 
canal,  and  brings  the  water  from  the  Eric  level 
to  that  of  Rochester,  by  5  double  locks  of  12 
feet  each.  The  village  is  on  the  high  ground 
above  the  locks.  Lat.  43=  12'  N. ;  lon.  F  4.')' 
W.  from  W.  Pop.  in  1823,  500 ;  in  1830, 
3  823 

'  LOCKWOOD,  V.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  78  m.  N. 
from  Trenton. 

LOCUST  GROVE,  v.  Orange  co.  Va.  8G  m. 
NW.  from  Richmond. 

LODIMONT,  V.  Abbeville  district,  S.C.  134 
m.  W.  from  Columbus. 

LODO,  Cape,  or  Mad  Cape,  on  the  coast  of 
Louisiana,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  r. 
Lon.  71°  42'  W. ;  lat.  29°  10'  N. 

LOFTUS'  HEIGHTTS,  v.  Wilkinson  co. 
Mis.  on  the  Mississippi  river,  38  m.  by  land 
above  Natchez,  51  by  the  river. 

LOFTY  MOUNT,  hill  on  S.  coast  of  New 
Holland.     Lon.  138°  42'  E. ;  lat.  34°  59'  S. 

LOGAN,  CO.  Ohio,  bounded  N.  by  Hardin, 
E.  by  Union,  S.  by  Champaign,  SW.  by  Miami, 
W.  by  Shelby,  and  NW.  by  Allen.  Length 
%  m.  breadth  21.  The  land  is  tolerably  level 
and  fertile.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,181 ;  in  1830, 
6,442.    Chief  town,  Bcllcfontaine. 

LOGAN,  V.  and  seat  of  justice  for  Hocking 
CO.  Ohio,  on  the  N.  bank  of  Hocking  river,  18 
m.  SE.  from  liancaster.    Pop.  97. 

LOGAN,  CO.  Ken.  Iwunded  by  Ten.  Todd 
CO.  FCcn.  W.  Muhlenburg  NW.  Butler  N.  and 
Simpson  NE.  Length  30  m.  mean  width  21. 
Soil  excellent  Pop.  in  1820, 14,  423 ;  in  1830, 
13,002.  Chief  town,  Russcllvillc. 
LOGAN,  t.  Wayne  co.  Missouri. 
LOGGERHEAD  KEY,  El  Contny,  small 
isl.  in  the  bay  of  Honduras,  near  the  coast  of 
Yucatan.     Lon.  87°  45'  W. ;  lat  21°  25'  N. 

LOMBARDY,  v.  AmeHa  co.  Va.  50  m.  SW. 
from  Riehmoiid. 

LOMBARDY,  v.  Columbia  co.  Geo.  64  m. 
from  Milledgcville. 

LOMBARDY  GROVE,  v.  Mecklenburg  co. 
Va.  110  m.  from  Richmond. 

LONDON,  t.  U.  C.  on  the  Thames,  about 
inO  m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Detroit,  and  150  SW. 
by  W.  from  York. 

LONDON,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Madison 
CO.  Ohio,  25  m.  W.  by  S.  from  Columbus. 
Pop.  249. 

^  LONDON,  t.  Ann-Arundcl  co.  Md.  5  m. 
SW.  from  Annapolis. 

LONDON  BUUXiE,  v.  Princess  Anne  co. 
Va.  140  ill.  SE.  from  Richmond. 
LONDONDERRY,  t  Rockingh.im  CO.  N.  H. 


35  m.  SW.  from  Portsmoulii,  and  37  NW.  from 
Ncwburyport  Mass.     Pop.  1,4G9. 

LONDONDERRY,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt  27 
m.  SW.  from  Windsor.     Pop.  1,302. 

LONDON  HARBOR,  a  bay  of  the  island 
of  St.  John,  on  its  N.  side. 

LONGACOMING,  v.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J. 
16  m.  SE.  from  Philadelphia. 

LONG  BAY,  tliat  part  of  the  Atlantic  coast 
of  the  U.  S.  between  the  mouths  of  the  Pedcc 
and  Cape  Fear  rivers. 

LONG  BEACH,  on  the  coast  of  Monmouth 
CO.  N.  J.  is  a  low  sandy  island  extending  from 
Barnegat  Inlet,  to  Little  Egg  Harbor. 

LONG  BEACH,  U.  C.  on  Lake  Ontario. 
From  its  W.  point  the  boundary  between  York 
and  Durham  counties  commences. 

I<ONG  CANE  CREEK,  r.  S.C.  which  runs 
into  the  Savannali  river.  Lon.  82°  11'  W. ; 
lat.  33=  45'  N. 

LONG  ISLAND,  an  island  of  N.  Y.  sepa- 
rated  from  Connecticut  by  Long  Island  Sound, 
and  divided  into  3  counties.  Kings,  Queens, 
and  Suffolk.  It  extends  from  the  Narrows  E. 
140  m.  but  is  not  more  than  10  iii.  broad  on  a 
medium.    Pop.  69,793. 

LONG  ISLAND,  island,  in  Penobscot  Bay, 
Maine.  On  this  island  is  the  town  of  Isles- 
borough. 

LONG  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  Chesapeake 
Bay,  near  the  coast  of  Virginia,  at  the  moutli 
of  York  river. 

LONG  ISLAND,  or  Great  Island,  in  Hols- 
ton  river,  Tennessee,  43  m.  from  Abingdon, 
Va.  iind  100  above  Knoxville. 

LONG  ISLAND,  isl.  near  the  S.  coast  of 
Jamaica.     Lon.  76°  58'  W. ;  lat  17°  51'  N. 

LONG  ISLAND,  isl.  near  the  N.  coast  of 
Antigua.     Lon.  61°  28'  W. ;  lat.  17°  17'  N. 

I<ONG  ISLAND,  isl.  in  Hudson's  Straits. 
Lon.  75°  W. ;  lat  61°  N. 

LONG  ISLAND,  one  of  the  smaller  Ber- 
mudas. 

I,ONG  ISLAND,  small  isl.  U.  S.  in  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  near  the  coast  of  Florida. 
Lon  82°  5.5'  W. ;  lat.  27°  50'  N. 

LONG  ISLAND,  isl.  in  Green  Bay,  W.  of 
Lake  Michigan. 

LONG  ISLAND  SOUND,  25  m.  broad  and 
140  long,  extending  the  whole  length  of  Long 
Island,  and  dividing  it  from  Comieeticut  It 
communicates  with  tlie  Atlantic  at  both  ends 
of  the  island. 

LONG  KEY,  Middle,  North,  and  South,  3 
small  islands  in  the  Bay  of  Hondunis,  near 
the  coast  of  Mexico.  Lon.  88°  50'  W. ;  lat 
16°  57'  N. 

LONG  MEADOW,  t  Hampden  co.  Mass 
on  the  left  side  of  Connecticut  river,  6  m.  be- 
low  Siiringficld.  Poj).  1,257. 
LONGMIRE'S,  v.  Monroe  co.  Alabama. 
LONG  POINT,  or  Abineau,  peninsula, 
U.  C.  in  Lake  Eric,  projecting  18  m.  into  the 
lake.  Boats  are  taken  across  it  about  4  miles 
from  the  main,  where  it  is  bnly  about  20  yards 
wide. 

LONG  POND,  in  Cumberland  co.  Maine, 
chiefly  in  Bridgetown,  10  m.  long,  and  1  broad, 
connected  by  Sungo  river  with  Sebago  lake. 


318 


LON— LOU 


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LONG  POND,  lake,  Oran£re  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  confines  of  the  stite;  it  is  about  IC  ni.  in 
circumference,  and  discharges  its  waters  into 
a  hrancli  ofPiissuie  river. 

LONG  PRAIi} IE, V.Arkansas,  17.5m. from 
Little  Rock. 

IiONG  IJFjACIT,  a  rcmarkahlc  loncf  and 
Btraiirht  [wrtioii  of  the  Ohii)  river,  strctciiing^ 
17  ni.  along  the  NE.  borders  of  Wasliington 
CO.  Ohio. 

LOiVG  SAUT,  Me  au,  in  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence,  and  in  front  of  the  to\vns!ii|)  of  Osna- 
bruck,  contains  from  1000  to  1;J0'J  acres:  tlic 
soil  is  jofood.  It  lies  olf  the  NE.  angle  of  St. 
Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 

LONG  SHOAL,  r.  N.  C  which  ruii=!  into 
Pamlico   Sound,   long-.  7G^  4'  \V. ;   l.it.  3j- 

21' :;, 

LONG  SHOAL  POINT,  cape,  on  the  corst 
of  N.  C.  at  thf^  mouth  of  Lonir  SIioiJ  river. 
Lon.  76^  2'  W. ;  1  it.  .3,3^  r23'  N. 

LONG  SHOAf/S,  an  expansion  of  Cumber- 
land river  in  Pulaski  co.  Ken.  It  contains 
several  isl.ind'^ 

LONG'S  Mir-L,  V.  Orange  co.  N.  C.  74  m. 
NW.  from  IJalf'in!). 

LONG  TOWN,  V.  Rowan  co.  N.  C.  loO  m. 
W.  fron  Raloitrh. 

LOXICERA,  V.  B.ildwin  co.  Geo.  11  m. 
from  jVIilkdff.nill.'. 

LOOKOUT,  Cape,  one  of  tho.-;c  rcmarkahlc 
promontories  of  N.  C  It  i'i  llir;  SW.  point  of 
Ocrao.)clv  bar,  and  the  S\V.  outlet  of  Core 
Sound. 

LOOKOUT,  Mountain,  one  of  t!ic  A;)ahchl- 
an  ridges  in  tlic  NW.  part  of  Georgiri,  tornii- 
nating  near  t!ie  Suck  in  Tennnssco  river. 

LOOKOUT,  l':iinl,  a  narrov,'  s^lrip  of  hnd, 
Md.  at  the  junction  of  the  R)toi;iac  with  Ches- 
apeake Bay. 

LOOP,  V.  Giles  co.  Va.  27.5  in.  W.  from 
Richmond. 

LORAIN,  CO.  Ohio,  hounded  N.  In-  Lake 
Erie,  VV.  by  Huron,  S;  by  Richland  and  Wayne, 
and  E.  by  Medina  and  (^uyalioga  ;  length  .30 
m.  mean  width  23.  Pop.  5,6.1(5.  Elyria  is  the 
capital. 

LORAMIE,  t.  Shelby  co.  Ohio. 

LORAMIE'S  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs 
into  the  Miami  above  Piqna. 

LORENZO,  Sav,  t.  Mexico,  prnvitice  of 
New  Biscay,  with  500  inliabitanf'^,  who've  em- 
ployment ennsi-'ts  in  cultivating-  tiie  grape. 

LORETTO,  t.  Cambria  co.  Pn. 

LORETTO,  v.  Essex  co.  Va.  77  m.  NE. 
from  Richmond. 

LORRAINE,  t.  JefFer?on  eo.  N.  Y.  20  m. 
from  Sacket's  Harlior.     Pop.  1,727. 

LOST  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into 
the  E.  sid.i  of  tlio  Miami,  in  ^liatni  eo. 

LOST  CREEK,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio. 

LOST  CREEK,  r.  Vigoeo.  In.  which  flows 
towards  the  E.  side  of  tiie  Wabash,  but  before 
reaching  it  is  lost  ni  flic  sand;;. 

LOST  RUN,  r.  Vigo  co.  In.  which  runs  to- 
wards Otter  creek,  but  before  reaching  it  is 
lost  in  the  Hands. 

LOUDON,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.  II.  on  the 


E.  side  of  Merrimack  river,  45  m.  NW.  from 
Portsmouth.     Pop.  1,642. 

LOUDON,  v.  Franklin  co.  Pa.  63  m.  SW. 
from  Harrisburg. 

LOUDON,  CO.  Va.  bounded  SE.  by  Fairfax, 
SW.  by  Prince  William  and  Fauquier,  NW. 
l>y  Frederick  and  .letl'erson,  and  NE.  by  the 
Potomac  liver.  Soil  excellent.  Staples,  grnin 
and  llour.    Chief  town,  Lecsburg.  Pop.21,''3i 

LOUDONVILI.E,  t.  in  the  south-eastern 
quarter  of  Richland  co.  Ohio,  G6  m.  NE.  from 
Columbus. 

LOUtJHBOROUGII,  t.  Frontcnac  co.  U.C. 

LOUGHBOROUGH  CANAL,  inlet  on  the 
NW.  coist  of  America,  in  tlie  Gulf  of  Georgia, 
3.)  ni.  long  and  1  broad.  Lon.  234^  35  E.; 
k.f.  50^  27'  N. 

LOUGH ERTY'S  CREEK,  r.  In.  which 
runs  into  the  Oiiio,  11  in.  below  the  nioutli  of 
Miami  river. 

LOUIS,  St.  s-p.  and  fortress,  St.  Domingo, 
on  the  SW.  coast,  at  the  head  of  a  bay  of  its 
name.  Tlie  exports  are  coffee,  cotton,  and  in- 
diiro.  70  m.  WSW.  of  Port  au  Prince.  Lon, 
73^.32' W.;  lat.  18=  16' N. 

LOUIS,  ^/.  lake  of  N.  America,  formed  by 
the  junction  of  the  Ottawa  with  the  St.  Law- 
rence.    It  i.s  12  m.  long  and  6  broad. 

LOUIS,  St.  river  of  N.  America,  which  has 
its  source  near  the  eastern  head-waters  of  thft 
.MissisKippi,  and  falls  into  Lake  Superior  on 
the  west  shore.  It  is  navigable  150  m.  Lon. 
9P.52' W.;  lat.  40=41' N. 

LOUIS,  St,  CO.  ^Missouri,  on  the  Mississinni. 
Pop.  ]4,'Jn7. 

LOUIS,  St.  the  capital  of  the  above  county, 
and  the  chief  commercial  town  in  the  stutn 
of  Missouri.  It  is  situated  18  ni.  below  the 
mouth  of  the  Missouri,  between  30  and  10  l.e- 
low  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois,  and  nearly  200 
above  the  month  of  tlic  Ohio.  Nature  seldom 
o!l'crs  a  more  delightful  site  for  a  town.  In 
many  respects  it  resembles  that  of  Alliany  in 
New  York.  It  is  on  a  kind  of  second  bottnin. 
that  rises  gently  from  the  water  to  a  second 
bank.  The  ascent  to  this  is  not  at  all  pre- 
cipitous. Having  surmounted  tliis  bank,  r.n 
extensive  plain  opens  to  view.  It  is  neces?ib:e 
by  steam-boats  from  Ntnv  Orleans  at  the  lowrst 
stages  of  the  water.  The  town  was  founded 
by  the  Frencli  from  Canada  in  .1764,  and  many 
of  the  inhabitants  are  still  French.  Here  is  a 
Catholic  college  and'eatliedral.  A  considerable 
part  of  tiie  western  fur-trade  centres  here,  ami 
the  town  is  otherwise  well  situated  for  com- 
incrcc.  The  passage  to  New  Orleans  is  1,300 
miles  by  the  river,  and  there  are  6  steam-boats 
constantly  plying  between  these  two  placrs. 
For  a  more  full  account  of  steam-boats,  soc 
State  of  Missouri.  The  town  is  regularly  laid 
out,  and  extends  2  m.  nion.n-  tlie  river.  Pop. 
5,8.52.     Lat.  38=  36'  N. ;  lon.  83=  56'  W. 

IiOUISA,  CO.  central  part  of  Va.  bounded 
N.  by  Orange  and  Spott.sylvania  cos.  E.  by 
Hanover  co.  S.  by  Goocliland  and  Fluvana  cos. 
and  W.  by  All)emarle  co.     Pop.  16,151. 

LOUISIAN-\,  V.  and  seat  of  justice,  Pike 
CO.  Miso.  06  in.  N.  from  St.  Louis.    It  is  situ- 


LOU— LOW 


319 


5  m.  NW.  from 
Pa.  63  m.  SW. 


on  the  Mississippi. 


ated  on  the  Missisitippi,  at  the  mouth  of  Salt 
river. 

LOUISLVNA,  State  of.     See  poffc  118. 

LOUISBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Franklin  co.  N.C 


overcomes  the  ascent  of  22  feet  by  5  locks,  and 
is  40  feet  deep.     See  page  133. 

LOUISVII-LK,  t.  and   cap.  JeiTerfon   cc 
Oen.  oil  the  Oijei'cfiee,  70  m.  from  its  mouth, 


on  Tar  river,  23  miles  Ni:.  Irnin  l{alri<;h,  il.)  ;)0  E.  from  :\Iillidff(  villi-,  110  NW.  from  Sa- 
VVNVV.  from  Tarborowirh,  2.>(J  from  W.  It ;  vann.iii,  fiJt  Ironi  W.  It  contains -si  court- 
contaiiis  2  academics,  one  lor  males,  and  thc'iiousi",  a  jail,  and  a  inertin;j-iioM>c.  This  town 


other  tor  femr.lcs. 

LOlilSTOWN,  V.  Talbot  co.  Md.  10  m.  NE. 
fron  E:'.s(on. 

LOUISVILLE,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  \.  Y. 
on  the  St.  Lawrence,  :-'.)  m.  K.  from  Ogdins- 
burar,  5(i8  from  \V.     Pop.  l,()7t]. 


I  was   lormtrly   the   seat  of  the  state   ftovern- 


nu'iit. 


LOL'TRE,  isl.  ;;iid  v.  .Montjromerv  co.  Miso. 

f>S  rn.   W.   iron.   St.  LtMiis.     Lat.  383  40'  j^_ 

Loiitrc  Island  is  in  tiie  .Mississippi  river,  op- 

'  posite  Gasconade  co.  and  below  the  mouth  of 


LOUISVlLIiE,  t.  port  of  entry,  and  cap. 'Gascomide  river. 
Jcfl'erson  co.  Ken.  on  tlie  Ohio,  at  the  head  of  |     !,( H'llL,  t.  Oxforil  co.  Maine,  20  m.  WSW. 
the  IJapids,  140  m.  bv  the  river  Ik'Iow  I'ineiu-  from  Pari-.     Pup.  6.'8. 

ii.iti,  52  W.  from  Fninkiort,  137  .S.  of  E.  from  i  LOVETON,  t.  liaUimorc  co.  Md.  55  m. 
Vincennes,  and  5.')0  ti-oiii  W.    The  position  of  from  W. 

this  city  is  38=  18'  N.  imd  'i^  1-2'  \V.  from  W. !  LOVINGTON,  t.  Nelson  co.  Vu.  170  m. 
It  contiined  in  180(1,  CUO  inhahitanls;  1810,  irom  W. 

1,350;  1821),  4,012;  Ln'M,  10,;J3(5,  having  more  j  LOWELL,  t.  ."Middlesex  co.  Mass.  on  the 
than  doubled  its  population  within  the  I. ist  l(t ;  .'Merrimack,  25  m.  N\V.  from  ijoston.  This 
years.  Louisville,  in  a  commercial  point  of  place  has  cfrown  \ip  within  a  (i'W  years  by 
view,  is  fiir  the  most  important  tow^n  in  the  means  ol'  its  manufactures,  and  is  now  the 
Btate.  The  main  street  is  nearly  a  mile  in 'most  important  manuliieturiiig^  town  in  the 
length,  and  is  as  noble  as  compact,  and  has  as  ^  Uniteif  States,  except  Pittsbury;.  It  has  tho 
much  the  air  of  a  maritime  town,  as  any  j  waters  of  the  IMerrimaek  at  command,  with  a 
6trcet  in  the  western  country.  It  is  situated  it'ull  of  above  30  (iet.  The  largest  manufactur- 
on  an  extensive  sloping  |)lain,  below  the  mouth  ling  establishments  in  the  country  are  at  this 
of  Beargrass,  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  above  hilace  ;  they  belong  to  8  or  10  different  compa- 
the  principal  declivity  of  the  falls.  'l"he  three  jnies.  A  small  cotton  manufactory  was  first 
principal  streets  run  parallel  with  the  river,  established  here  in  1813,  and  others  were 
and  command  fine  views  of  the  villages  and  added  a  short  time  afterwards;  at  present  the 


the  beautiful  country  on  the  opjwsite  shore 
The  public  buildings  are  a  court-house,  jail, 
poor-house,  and  worli-house,  powder  magazine, 
marine  hospital,  city  school-house,  8  churches 
for  tho  prevalent  denominations  of  the  country, 
Washington  Hall,  Columbian  Inn,  and  other 


phicc  continues  to  increase  .ind  bids  fiiir  to 
erpial  any  of  the  interior  touns  in  the  U.  States. 
The  manuliictnres  of  Lowell  are  cliielly  cot- 
ton, of  which  more  th:ui  14,0fl(',000  yards  are 
made  annually.  Here  are  also  made  carpet- 
ing, eassimeres,  satinets,  u:,c.     It  ('ontains  a 


respectable   hotels.  City   Hall,  United   States  j  number  of  churches  and  [mblie  buihlings,  and 


Branch  Bmk,  house  of  Fire  and  Marine  In- 
surance Company,  Iron  Foundery,  Jetierson 
Cotton  Factory,  5  steam-mills,  Union  Hall,  and 
Theatre.  The  marine  hospital  is  a  conspicu- 
ous and  showy  building.  The  free  j)ub!ic 
school-house  is  a  noble  edifice,  taking  into 
view  its  object.  It  was  commenced  in  182l>, 
as  a  kind  of  model  school  for  a  general  system 
of  free  schools ;  and  was  built  at  an  expense 
of  7,500  dollars.  It  is  intended  to  accommo- 
date 700  or  800  pupils.  The  greatest  llill  in 
the  OhicT  is  just  bflow  this  city.  In  high 
stages  of  water,  the  rocks  and  shallows  are 
all  covered,  and  boats  i)ass  without  perceiving 
tlicm.  But  this  stage  of  water  does  not  occur, 
on  an  average,  more  than  two  months  in  the 
year,  rendering  it  necessary  at  all  other  times, 
that  boats  from  the  lower  country  should  stop 
here.  The  falls  equally  arrested  boats  from 
above.  Consequently  freights  intended  for  the 
country  above  were  required,  at  a  great  ex- 
pense of  time,  delay,  and  factorage,  to  be  un- 
loaded, transported  by  land  round  the  falls,  and 
reloaded  in  boats  above.  Large  steam-boats 
from  New  Orleans,  though  belonging  to  the 
'Jpper  country,  were  obliged  to  lie  by  through 
file  summer  at  Portland.  To  remedy  these 
inconveniences,  the  Louisville  and  Portland 
Canal  round  the  falls  has  been  constructed.   It 


has  li:id  the  niost  ra|)id  growth  of  any  town  in 
the  state.  In  1830  it  contained  G,47d  inhabit, 
ants. 

LOWER  ADDISON,  v.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y. 
about  211  m.  S,  Irnm  Path. 

LOWEil  BARTLETT,  v.  Coos  co.  N.  H. 
76  m.  N.  from  Concord. 

LOWER  BLUE  LICK,  v.  Nicliolas  co. 
Ken.  C)'.)  m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Frankfort. 

LO\VER  CILMANTON,  v.  Strafford  co. 
N.  H.  24  m.  NNE.  from  Concord. 

LOWER  GUIVRE,  f.  St.  Charles  co.  Miso. 

LOWER  MARLBOROUGH,  v.  Calvert  co. 
Md.  on  the  E.  side  of  I'atu.xent  river,  30  m. 
SSW.  of  Annapolis,  and  24  NW.  of  St.  Leon- 
ards. 

LOWER  SANDUSKY,  v.  Sandusky  co. 
Ohio,  on  Sandusky  river,  102  m.  N.  from  Co- 
lumbus.     Pop.  351. 

LOWER  SMlTHFIELD,v.  Northampton 
CO.  Pa.  about  15  m.  NNE.  from  Easton. 

LOWHIliL,  t.  Lehigh  co.  Pa. 

LOWRY'S  MILLS,  v.  Chesterfield  district, 
S.  C.  123  m.  NE.  from  Columbia. 

LOWTHERSVILLE,  v.  of  Lewis  co.  Va. 
365  m.  NW.  from  Richmond. 

LOWVILLE,  V.  of  Lewis  co.  N.  Y.  on  a 
small  creek,  near  the  W.  side  of  Black  river, 
57  m.  N.  from  Utica. 


i 

v.. 


320 


LOY— LYN 


&(^ 


I 


IXJYALIIANNON,  r.  Westmoreland  co. 
Pa.  wliicli  runs  NVV.  into  the  KiHkiininitns. 

LOYAL  LOCK  GAP,  v.  Nortliuinberlond 
CO.  Pa. 

LOYALSOCK,  t.  Lycoininia:  co.  Pa. 

LOYAr^StX^K,  r.  Lycominp  co.  Pa.  rises 
on  tlic  southern  borders  of  Bradford  co.  and 
flowing  SW.  between  Muncy  and  Lycoming 
creciiH,  fidls  into  tlic  W.  branch  of  Susquelmn- 
nah,  4  m.  below  William8|)ort. 

liOYSnOROUGH,  V.  Anderson  co.  Ten. 

LUANA,  I'oint,  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Jamaica.    Lon.  77=  51'  W. ;  lat.  18°  2'  N. 

LUIJKC,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  Washington 
CO.  Mc.  in  Passamaquoddy  Bay,  on  the  nuiin 
land,  which  is  here  sciwratcd  from  the  island 
of  ('amiwbcllo  by  a  strait  12  rods  wide,  called 
the  Narrows  or  Western  entrance  of  the  Bay. 
The  harbor  is  siiacious,  sheltered  from  every 
wind,  and  never  closed  by  ice.  The  principal 
Bettloment  is  at  Flagg's  Point  on  the  Narrows. 
It  was  commenced  in  1815,  and  is  a  flourish- 
ing village.  'I'hc  inhabitants  are  chiefly  en- 
gaged in  commercial  pursuits,  particularly  in 
the  lumber  trade  and  the  fisheries.  Most  of 
tlie  plaster   received  into  the    United '  States 


^ 


from  the  British  provinces  is  shipped  through 
this  port.  Here  is  kept  the  custom-house  for 
the  district  of  Passamaquoddy.  On  West 
Quoddy  head  is  a  light-house.  Lubcc  lies  3 
m.  S.  of  Eastport,  witli  wiiich  it  has  communi- 
cation by  a  terry,  28  m.  E.  of  Machius.  Pop. 
1,535.    Lat.  44°  47' ;  N.  lon.  67°  5'  W. 

LUCEA  HARBOR,  bay  on  the  N.  side  of 
Jamai'"'.  14  m.  W.  from  Montego  Bay.    Lon. 
78°  y  W. ;  lat.  18°  28'  N. 
LUCKETT'S,  V.  Orange  co.  Va. 
LUDLOW,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  16  m.  W. 
from  Windsor.    Pop.  1,227. 

LUDLOW,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  12  m.  NE. 
from  Springfleld.    Pop.  1,327. 

LUDLOW,  or  Yellow  Springs,  t.  Greene 
CO.  Ohio,  9  m.  N.  from  Xenia.     It  is  a  beauti- 
ful spot,  and  is  much  frequented  on  account  of 
its  medicinal  springs. 
LUDLOWVILLE,  t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y 
LUIS  DE  LA  PAZ,  St.  a  town  of  Mexico, 
in  the  province  of  Mechoacan,  120  m.  S.  by  E 
from  Mechoacan. 

LUIS  DE  POTOSI,  St.  a  city  of  Mexico,  in 
the  province  of  Mechoacan,  situate  in  the  midst 
of  rich  gold  mines,  and  all  the  comforts  of  life. 
The  streets  arc  neat  and  straight,  and  the 
churches  magnificent.  It  is  180  ni.  N.  by  W. 
of  Mechoacan.  Lon.  102°  54'  W.;  lat  22° 
25' N. 

LUMBELRAND,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Delaware  river.    Pop.  955. 

LUMBERTON,  t.  and  cap.  Robeson  co. 
N.C.  33  m.  SSW.  from  FayetteviUe,  31  from 
Winnefield. 

LUMBERTON,  v.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  1 
m.  SE.  of  Mount  Holly. 

LUNA,  Punta  de,  cape,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Cuba.    Lon.  75^5  8'  W. ;  lat.  21°  12'  N, 

LUNENBURG,  co.  Va.  between  Nottaway 
and  Meherrin  rivers,  bounded  by  Brunswick 
SE.  Mecklenburg  SW.  Charlotte  W.  Prince 
Edward  NW.  and  Nottaway  NE.    Length  22 


m.  mean  width  10.  Staples,  cotton  and  to- 
bacco,   t^hicf  town,  Lcwistown.    Pop.  11,957. 

LUNENJ5URG,  co.  Nova  Scotia,  on  Ma- 
honc  Bay,  whicii  sctn  up  from  Uic  Atlantic. 

LUNENBURC;,  t.  Lunenburg  co.  Nova 
Scotia,  35  m.  SW.  from  Halifax,  27  N.  by  E. 
from  Liverpool. 

LUNENBURG,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  on  Conncc 
ticut  river,  45  m.  ENE.  from  Montpclier.  Pop. 
1,054. 

LUNENBURG,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  25 
in.  N.  from  Worcester,  45  NW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,318. 

LURAY,  V.  Shenandoah  co.  Va. 

LUZERNE,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  on  Hud. 
son  river,  10  m.  W.  from  Sandy  Hill.  Pop. 
1,362. 

LUZERNE,  CO.  Pa.  Iwnnded  SE  oy  Piku 
and  Northampton,  S.  by  Schuylkill,  SW.  by 
('Olumbia,  W.  by  Lycoming,  NW.  by  Briul- 
tbrd,  N.  by  Susquclumnnh  and  E.  by  Wayiif. 
Lengtli  45  m.  breadth  40.  Pop.  27,304.  Chief 
town,  Wilkesbarre. 

LYCOMING,  CO.  Pa.  inclosed  by  tlie  cwm- 
tics  of  Potter,  Tioga,  Bradford,  Luzerne,  North, 
nmberland.  Centre,  Clearfield,  and   M'luan. 


Pop.  17,637.    Chief  town,  Williamsport. 

LYCOMING,  small  river  of  Lycoming  co. 
Pa.  rising  in  the  southern  border  of  Bradford, 
leading  with  the  Towanda,  and  flowing  SW. 
falls  into  the  W.  branch,  2  m.  above  Williams, 
jwrt. 

LYMAN,  t.  York  co.  Me.  25.  m.  N.  from 
York.    Pop.  1,502. 

LYMAN,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  Connect!, 
cut  river,  13  ni.  above  Haverhill.    Pop.  1,321. 
LYME,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  11  m.  NE. 
from  Dartmouth  College.    Pop.  1,804. 

LYME,  t.  New  London  co.  Ct.  on  the  L 
side  of  Connecticut  river,  at  its  moutli,  oppo- 
site Saybrook,  40  m.  E.  from  New  Haven,  40 
SE.  from  Hartford.  Pop.  4,098.  It  has  6 
houses  of  public  worship.  The  shad  fishery 
is  carried  on  extensively  at  this  place.  A 
number  of  vessels  are  owned  here,  which  arc 
employed  in  the  coasting  trade. 

LYME,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  on  lake  On- 
tario.    Pop.  2,872. 

LYME,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 
LYME  RANGE,  a  branch  of  the  White 
Mountains,  commencing  a  little  below  Nortli- 
ampton,  Mass.  and  running  S.  along  the  E. 
bank  of  Connecticut  river  at  the  distance  of  8 
or  10  m.  till  it  terminates  at  Lyme  on  Long 
Island  Sound. 

LYNCHBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Campbell  co.  V«, 
on  the  S.  bank  of  James  river,  20  m.  below  the 
great  falls,  where  the  river  breaks  tlirough  the 
Blue  Ridge,  12  m.  N.  from  Campbell  C.  H.  12 
ENE.  from  New  London,  100  W.  from  Rich- 
mond, 160  SW.  from  W.  in  a  straight  line. 
It  contains  10  or  12  public  buildings,  4  church- 
es, and  a  number  of  very  handsome  houses. 
It  has  twu  bridges  over  the  river,  a  large 
number  of  tobacco  ware-houses  and  manufac- 
tories, and  a  great  number  of  commission 
houses,  flour-mills,  and  cotton  and  woollen 
manufactories.  There  are  4  mineral  springs 
in  its  vicinity.    It   is  favorably  situated  for 


LYN— MAC 


321 


cotton  and  trv 
1.  Pop.  11,957. 
Scotia,  on  Ma- 
the  Atlantic, 
burjr  CO.  Nova 
ax,  27  N.  by  E. 

).  Vt.  on  Conncc- 
rtontpclier.  Poi). 

Iter  CO.  "Masn.  25 
W.  from  Uoslon. 

}.  Va. 

,.'n.'y.  on  Hud. 

andy  Hill.    Po|>. 

ded  SE  oy  Pike 
iiuylkill,  SVV.  by 
r,  NW.  by  Brad- 
nd  E.  by  VVayiir. 
'op.  27,304.  Chid' 

losed  by  tlie  cmm- 
•d,  Luzerne,  Nortlt- 
:ld,  and  M'Ktan. 
Villiamsport. 
r  of  Lycoming'  co. 
Kjrder  of  Bradford, 
and  flowinjr  SVV. 
m.  above  Williaiiis- 

de.  25.  m.  N.  from 

N.  H.  on  Connecti- 
irhill.    Pop.  1,321. 
N.  H.  11  m.  NF, 
Pop.  1,804. 

CO.  Ct.  on  the  L 
it  its  moutli,  oppo- 
ni  New  Haven,  40 
4,098.    It  has  6 

The  shad  fishery 

at  this  place.  A 
led  here,  which  are 
rade. 

N.  Y.  on  lake  On- 

do. 

anch  of  the  White 

ittle  below  North- 
ng  S.  along  the  E. 
at  the  distance  of  8 

at  Lynie  on  Long 

!ap.  Campbell  CO.  Vs. 

ver,  20  m.  below  the 
breaks  through  the 
,  CampbcU  C.  H.  12 
100  W.  from  Rich- 
in  a  straight  line 
buildings,  4  church- 

■y  handsome  houses. 

:  the  river,  a  large 

louses  and  manufac- 

iber  of  commission 

cotton  and  woollen 

•e  4  mineral  springs 

•orably  situated  tor 


trade,  not  only  with  tlio  wcstrrn  pnrt  of  Ihc 
state,  but  witli  tlio  wcsttTii  Htiilcs  },'cncriilly. 
Sriiail  boats  roiivcy  the  abundant  prodiici' 
wliidi  is  brought  Ikto,  down  the  rivt;r  to  Rii^li- 
iiioiid.  The  most  im|M)rtant  item  in  the  pro- 
duce, is  from  10  to  12,000  hoyjKlicads  of  l()l)ac. 
It   is  almost    cmlKwomed  in  mountains, 


that  have,  however,  fertile  and  |)0|)ulou.s  val- 
liiys  between,  and  is  one  of  the  most  flourisii- 
iiHj  and  commercial  towns  in  the  state.  He- 
side  tobacco,  it  produces  wiieat,  llonr,  and 
hemp.     Pop.  4,020.     Lat.  37°  30' lif. 

LYNCHBURG,  v.  Dldham  co.  Ken.  54  m. 
NW.  by  VV.  from  Frankfort. 

LYNC^HBIIRG.  v.  Lincoln  co.  Ten.  50  m. 
SSVV.  from  Murfreeslwrouph. 

r,YNCH'S  CREEK,  rises  in  N.  C.  a  few 
mills  W.  of  Snoadslx»roufrh,  and  flowing  .S. 
enters  S.  C.  and  assuming  a  SE.  course,  falls 
into  the  (treat  Pcdec.  Tlic  entire  length  of 
liyiich's  creek  exceeds  100  m 

LYNCHVS  RIVER,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
James  river.  Ion.  78^  21'  W. ;  lat.  31^  42'  N. 

LYNCH  LAKE,  Williamsburg  district, 
.S.C. 

LYNDEBOROUGH,   t.  Hillsborough  co. 
N.  H.  10  m.  NW.  from  Amherst.    Pop.  1,147. 
LYNDON,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Va.  33  m.  NE. 
from  Montp'licr.     Pop.  1,822. 

LYNESVILLE,  v.Granvillc  co.  N.  C.  60 
m.  N.  from  Raleigh. 

LYNKHORN  BAY,  bay  on  the  coast  of 
Va.  at  the  Iwltoin  of  Cliesai)cake  Bay,  2  or  3 
ID,  W.  from  Cape  Henry.  Lon.  76^  6'  W. ; 
lat.  3(5°  .'■)G'  N. 

LYNN,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass,  famous  for  the 
iiKinufacturc  of  women's  shots,  10  m.  NE.  of 
Ftoston,  and  5  SW.  of  Salem,  in  lat.  42'  28'  N 
In  1H31, 1,675,781  pairs  of  slioes  were  nianu- 
liictured  in  this  town,  valued  at  $942,191 — 
value  of  materials  .$^114,000,  neat  protit  of  labor 
¥.as,l!>l.     I'op.  6,138. 

LYNN  CREEK,  v.  (iilcs  co.  Ten.  about  70 
III.  S.  from  Murfrecsborough. 

LYNNl'lELD,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  10  ni, 
W.  from  Salem,  and  UN.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
GI7. 

LYNNHAVEN  BAY,  on  the  coast  of  Va. 
at  the  S.  end  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  7  rii.  W.  from 
Cape  Henry.  Here,  in  1781,  the  Count  dc 
(Irasse  moored  the  nrincipal  part  of  his  fleet 
at  the  blockade  of  Yorktown. 

LYNN  RIVER,  in  the  co.  of "  Norfolk,  U.  C. 
rises  in  the  town  of  Windham,  and  running 
from  thence  southerly  through  the  township 
of  Woodhousc,  empties  itself  into  Lake  Erie, 
where  it  has  about  3  feet  water  on  the  bar.  It 
is  a  good  harl)or  for  bateaux. 

LYNNSVILLE,  v.  in  the  western  part  of 
Lehigh  CO.  Pa.  80  m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Harris- 
burg. 

LYONS,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Wayne  co. 
N.  Y.  16  m.  N.  from  Geneva,  20  NE.  from 
Canandaigua,  and  by  the  canal  117  ni.  W. 
from  Utica.  Lat.  4.1^  5'  N.  I<yons  is  ele- 
gantly situated  on  the  grand  western  canal  of 
N.  York,  and  rapidly  improving.  Pop.  3,603. 
LYON'S  CREEK,  in  the  co.  of  Lincoln, 


the  town   of  Willoughby,  not   for  abovo  th« 
mouth  of  that  river. 

LYSANDER,  t.  Onondaga  co.  N  Y.  at  the 
confluenco  of  the  C  )nondiiga  or  Oswego  and 
Seneca  rivers,  20  in.  NVV.  from  Onondaga. 
I'oj..  3,228. 

M. 


MACARAGUA,  t.  Cuba,  45  m.  W.  from 
Havana. 

MA(;ARTNEY,  Point,  cape  of  a  large  isl. 
on  the  NVV.  coast  of  America.  Lon.  226°  12' 
E.;  lat.  57°  IJ'N. 

MACCARY  BAY,  S.  coast  of  Jamaica. 
Lon.  77=9' W.;  lat.  17°  49' N. 

MAC  (BALL'S  BRIIXJE,  v.  York.  co.  Pa. 

MAC  (PAWN'S  STORE,  v.  Hawkins  co. 
TcmicssGc 

MAC  CONNELSBURG,  t,  Bedford  co.  Pa. 
26  m.  from  Ilagarstown.  Here  is  a  medicinal 
spring. 

MAC  CONNELSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Mor- 
gan CO.  Ohio,  on  the  Muskingum,  25  m.  SE. 
from  Zanesville,  340  fnom  W.    Pop.  267, 

MAC  CULLEY'S  STORE,  v.  Chester  co. 
S.  Carolina. 

MAC  CULLOCH'S  MILLS,  v.  Albemarle 
CO.  Viirginia. 

MAC  CULLOCHSVILLE,  v.  Union  co.  S. 
Carolina. 

MAC  CUTCHENSVILLE,  v.  Tickaway 
CO.  Ohio. 

MACDANIELSVILLE, v.  Spartan  district, 
S.  Carolina, 

MAC;iX)NOUGH,  t.  Chenango  co,  N.  Y. 
Pop.  1,232. 

MACEDON,  SW.  t.  and  v.  Wayne  co.  N.  Y. 
The  t.  lies  along  both  sides  of  the  Western 
Canal,  12  tn.  W.  from  Lyons.     Pop.  1,990. 

MAC  FARLAND'S,  v.  Lumuiburg  co.  Va. 
alwut  60  m.  SW.  from  Richmond. 

MAC  (JAHEY'S,  v.  liockinglmm  co.  Va. 
139  m.  NW.  from  Riehmoml. 

MAC  GREVVSBURG,  v.  Adams  co.  Pa.  32 
ni.  SE.  from  Harrisburg. 

■  MACHIAS,  t.  jiort  of  entry  and  cap.  Wash- 
ington CO.  Me,  on  Machias  Bay,  221  m.  NE. 
from  Portland,  Lat.  44°  40'  N.  Pop.  1,754. 
The  principal  settlement  is  at  the  falls  of  E. 
branch  of  Machias  river.  At  the  falls  of  the 
W.  branch  of  the  river,  is  another  considera- 
bli!  village.  A  bridge  is  erected  across  Middle 
river  between  the  two  villages,  which,  with  the 
causeway,  is  1,900  feet  long.  Machias  con- 
tains a  court-house  and  jail,  2  Congregational 
churcJics,  and  an  academy.  The  academy, 
called  Washington  Academy,  is  in  the  E,  viU 
lage.  The  building,  which  is  50  feet  by  38, 
and  2  stories  high,  was  presented  by  the  in- 
habitants of  the  village,  together  with  a  library 
and '  philosophical  apparatus  valued  at  $1,500, 
In  addition,  the  academy  is  endowed  with 
$14,000  productive  funds,  Machias  is  e  thri- 
ving town,  and  carries  on  considerable  trade, 
principally  in  lumber.  Here  are  26  saw-mills, 
which  cut  on  on  average  upwards  of  10,000,000 
ietl  of  lioards  in  a  year, 

MACHIAS,  r.  Me.  formed  of  2  branches. 


I'.  C.  discharges  itself  into  Chippewa  river,  in  I  the  E.  and  W.  which  unite  in  the  town  of  Ma 
2Q 


322 


MA(^— MAD 


mm 

fr;,  V'i 


i*i;i 


*Rl 


chilis,  lit  ii  |)lacc  culliid  Tin  Run.  It  iilTcr- 
WuhIh  widciiH  inli)  .a  ciiiihidtTalili:  l);iy,  iirid 
coininuiiiculoH  wilii  lliu  imtiiii  iit.  Cross  iMiund, 
G  in.  Indow  flic  junction  ol"  tin:  .1  hranflicH, 

MA(;il()l)l('l\,  r.  Vii.  whicli  runs  into  the 
rutoniac,  'J^  in.  iiltovo  I'oiiil  Lookout. 

MAC  KKAN,  fo.  N.  side  of  I'a.  iMnuidid  N. 
by  New  York,  M.  Iiy  I'ollcr  m.  S.  I.y  ( •l.'.-irtirld 
and  .fctUrson  ros,  W.  by  .IclVcrson  and  VVarrcn 
COB.     I'oji.  I,I'M.     Ciiicf  town,  Siiiithport. 

MAC  Ki;ANS|{Ui{C,  v.  f^diuylkill  oo.  Pa. 
4  ni.  NM.  i'roiii  Orwijjshurjj. 

MAC  K  IlI'lN,  t.  [Jckinj,'  ro.  Ohio.  Pop.  74.1. 

MAC  KKHSPC  )in\  V.  Ail.frliaiiy  co.  Pu.  on 
the  rifrjit  hanks  of  Youfrhio^rcny  and  Monon- 
yulicla  rivi.TH,  ut  tlicir  junction,  11  m.  SK. 
iroiii  I'ittshuiff. 

MACKI'INZIR,  J'oini,  rape,  on  tlio  NVV. 
coast  of  America,  in  Cook's  Inlut.  lial.  (ii^ 
13' N. 

MACKMNZIIW  RIVi;R,oueof  the  largcHl 
rivers  in  N.  America.  It  forms  the  outlet  of 
Slave  fiako,  and  fidls  into  tlu;  i'Vo/cn  Ocean,  in 
about  lat.  70^  N.  and  lou.  I.'J")  Av.  Il,s  most 
distant  sources  an;  l'nji;jah  or  I'eace  river,  and 
Atiiapescow  or  KIk  river.  Its  wliolc  course 
is  about  U,(l()(l  miles. 

MAC'KEY'S  VILI.E,  v.  fiurkc  co.  N.  C. 

MACMvrNTOSlI,  co.  (;eo.  on  flic  coast  at 
the  iiiou'l.  of  the  Alatrimaiia.  I'op.  4,!).'»H,  of 
whom  3,yU3  are  colored.  Chief  town,  Darien. 
At  the  court-iiousc,  ISi  m.  N.  from  Darien,  is 
a  post-oHicc. 

MAC  LEOD'S  LAKE,  lake.  New  Caledo- 
nia, 60  or  70  m.  in  circumference,  which  dis- 
charges its  waters  throiifjli  an  outlet  into  Peace 
river.  On  its  banks  is  a  fort  of  the  NW.  Fur 
company,  in  Ion.  124°  W. ;  lat.  5.5'  N. 

MAC  I.EOMSBOROUGH,  v.  Hamilton  co. 
II.  60  ni.  NE.  from  Vandalia. 

MAC  LINTON,  v.  Al)!)cville  district,  B.C. 

MAC  MAHON'S  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which 
runs  into  the  Ohio,  5  m.  below  Wheeling. 

MAC  MINN,  CO.  Ten.  bounded  SE.  by 
Monroe,  SVV.  by  Hiwasscc  river,  NW.  by 
Rhea,  and  NE.  by  Koano  and  Blount.  Length 
30  ni.  mean  width  20.  Surface  hilly,  and  soil 
varied.  Pop.  in  1820, 1,623;  in  1830,  14,4'J7. 
Chief  town,  Athens. 

MAC  MINVITiLE,  t.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Warren  co.  Ten.  70  m.  SE.  from  Nashville, 
644  from  W. 

MACOKETCH,  Great,  r.  Louisiana,  wliich 
runs  into  the  Mississippi.     Lat.  41°  38'  N. 

MACOMB,  CO.  Michigan  Territory,  on  the 
river  Huron  of  St.  Clair.  Pop.  2,414.  Chief 
town.  Mount  Clemens. 

MACON,  t.  and  cap.  Bibb  co.  Geo.  on  the 
Oakmulgee  river,  35  m.  WSW-  from  Milledge- 
ville.  It  is  a  place  of  considerable  trade,  and 
has  a  bank  and  a  printing-office. 

MACON,  r.  NE.  part  of  La.  It  rises  in 
Missouri,  and  pursuing  a  S.  course  unites  with 
the  Tensaw.    Lat.  31°  42'  N. 

]VZACONSVILT,E,  v.  Northampton  co.N.C. 

MACVEYTOWN,  v.  MiHlin  co.  Pa. 

MADBMRY,  t.  Straflbrd  ro.  N.  H.  11  m. 
NW.  from  Portsmouth,  36  from  Concord. 
Pop.  510. 


MADDINSIIOUOUCIf,  t.  Miso.  15  ni.  .s 

from  St.  (ieiii'vi(;vc. 

IMADISON,  CO.  N.  Y.  iKimukd  I.y  Oik,,, 
.higo  VV.  Oneiihi  l.ako  NVV.  Oneida  co.  Ni;. 
•  Hscgo  S\'',.  and  Chenango  S.  Length  2N  i,i, 
mean  width  20.  It  lies  in  nil  elevated  |K*silioii, 
and  several  streams  wliieli  rice  in  if,  flow  in 
ditii'rent  directions,  as  theClunangt)  and  rm,. 
(lilla  rivers,  which  run  S.  into  the  Siisipiehaii- 
nail,  and  the  Chitfeiiango,  Oneida,  and  Cuin'. 
serago  creeks,  which  enter  Oneida  Ijiike;  and 
some  creeks  wliich  flow  into  the  Mohawk. 
The  surface  is  broken,  but  the  soil  is  priMJuc- 
five.     Pop.  .'J1),(I37.     (.'liief  town,  Cazenovia. 

MADISON,  f.  Somerset  co.  Maine,  on  ili<; 
Kcniieheek  river,  10  m.  above  Norridgewm'k, 
Pop.  1,272. 

MADISON,  t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  on  tJK 
heads  ot"  Chenango  river  and  Oriskany  urtck, 
22  111.  SVV.  from  I'tiea.     Pop.  2,.')4 1. 

MADISON,  t;  Columbia  co.  Pa.  iKtwcon 
firceiiW(K)d  and  Derry,  5  iii.  N.  from  Dimvillc, 

MADISON,  CO.  Va.  liounded  SE.  S.  iind 
SW.  by  Orange  co.  or  the  Rapid  Ann  rivir, 
NW.  by  the  Rlue  Ridge,  or  Shenandoah  ro, 
and  NE.  and  I'],  by  Culpe|)cr.  It  is  about  ::J^ 
m.  square ;  drained  by  various  creeks  of  tin 
Rapid  Ann  ;  the  surfiico  somewhat  hilly,  anil 
soil  tolerably  goml.  Staples,  flour  and  tolmcrn. 
Pop.  in  182fL  8,4!)0;  in  1830,  9,236:  Chief 
town,  Madison. 

MADISON,  V.  Madison  co.  Va.  on  Robert- 
son's river,  branch  of  Rapid  Ann,  45  ni.  VV. 
from  Fredericksburg. 

MADISON,  V.  Amherst  co.  Va.  on  the  left 
bank  of  James  river,  opposite  Lynchburg. 

MADISON,  CO.  Ceo.  on  Broad  river,  bound. 
cd  S.  by  Oglethorpe,  SW.  by  Clark,  W.  ky 
Jackson,  NW.  and  N.  by  Franklin,  and  NE. 
by  Elbert.  Length  30  m.  mean  width  10. 
Surface  uneven,  but  soil  productive.  Pop.  4,62fi. 
Chief  town,  Danielsville. 

MADISON,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Morgan 
CO.  Geo.  50  m.  NNW.  from  Milledgcvillc,  648 
m.  from  W. 

MADISON,  CO.  Ohio,  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Union,  E.  by  Franklin,  S.  by  Fayette,  and  W. 
by  Clark  and  Cham))aign  cos.  It  is  about  28 
m.  long,  from  N.  to  S.  by  IS)  broad,  from  E.  to 
W.  This  county  contains  extensive  bodies  of 
fine  land,  well  adapted  to  agriculture  and  gra- 
zing. Pop.  in  1820,  4,799;  in  1830,  G.IDO. 
Chief  town,  London. 

MADISON,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,280. 

MADISON,  t.  Muskingum  co.Ohio,  E.  from 
Muskingum  river,  ajid  containing  the  village 
of  Haymarkct.     Poji.  58!). 

MADISON,  t.  in  the  NE.  part  of  Ilignland 
CO.     Pop.  1,609. 

MADISON,  t.  NE.  part  of  Geauga  co.  Oliio. 
Grand  river  runs  through  this  t.    Pop.  1,898. 

MADISON,  t.  Richland  co.  Oiiio,  in  which 
is  situated  the  village  of  Mansfield.  Pop.  2,138. 

MADISON,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio.   Pop.  743. 

MADISON,  SE.  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio.  Pop 
1,745. 

MADISON,  NE.  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  976. 


MAD-nMAL 


'jun 


MiHo.  15  111.  S 


la  CO.  Ohio.    Pop. 


MA  niSON,  I.  fJiipmsry  en.  Ohio.  Pop.  'M'2. 

MAKISON,  t.  .Iiifkw.ii  CO.  Ohio.    I'np.  \:\<. 

IVIADISON,  NK.  (.  Sciolii  co.  nhi...  Vi,\,. 
S'17. 

,MAF)F."^(  >N,  t.  riiirliclcl  rn.  ( »hio.    I'op.  !MII. 

.MAMISON,  SK,  t.  Chirk  <•(>.  Ohio.  roji. 
I, KIM. 

,MAI)l!^'(  »\,  I.  Fuycltr  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,17H. 

.MADISON,  t.  Moiityoinny  co.  Ohio,  W. 
fi'Diii  Miiiini  riviT,  niui  iidjoiiiiii;;  to  tliu  co.  of 
I'nl.lc.     Top.  1  ;.>!(;. 

MADI.SON,  V.  irnmiRon  co.  Ohio,  1;l>3  in. 
.S\V.  from  ( 'oliimhiia.     Top.  2Hi. 

MADISON,  t.  Ihitlir  co.     Poj).  i»,12H. 

MADISON,  NK.  t  Terry  co.     Pop.  l,nr,H. 

MADISON,  V.  1111(1  Kciit  orjiistici',  .IctltTwiii 
CO.  III.  on  the  Ohio  ri\cr,  lii  in.  iiliovc  Fioiiis- 
viilc,  T.'i  ImJow  ("iiicimijiti,  mid  .'iTli  froin  W. 
i'op.  ahoiit  l!,.'il)().  It  lius  aircfidy  out;  print- 
iiiir-ollicc  and  a  hank. 

iM  ADISON,  CO.  in  W.  Ten.  liouiulod  on  the 
N.  i>y  (iilwoii  and  Carroll,  10.  h)  Hciidirsoii, 
S.  hy  M'Nairy  and  Flardinian,  VV.  hy  Hay 
wooil.     ]*op.  ll,7oi).     Jucksoii  is  tho  (capital. 

MAF)lSON,  CO.  AliihaiiKi,  on  the  N.  sidt;  ol" 
Tciincsst^c  river.  Pop.  52^,011.  Chief  town, 
FFiintsvilio. 

MADISON,  t.  Rhoa  co.  Ten. 

MADISON,  CO.  Ken.  Chief  town,  Rich- 
mond. 

MADISON,  or  Pikcville,  t.  and  cap.  Bledsoe 
CO.  TenncsHee,  on  \i  c  Secpiatchee, .').')  in.  aiiove 
its  junction  with  the  Tennessee,  100  W.  from 
Kiioxville,  10.5  E.from  Nashville,  GOH  from  VV. 

MADISON,  CO.  Illinois,  on  the  Alississippi, 
npiwsite  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri.  Pop.  G,22'J. 
('iiicf  town,  Edwurdsville. 

MADISON,  v.  Madison  co.  Illinois. 

MADISON,  CO.  Missouri,  on  the  St.  Fran- 
cis.  Pop.  2,371.    Chief  town,  Fredcricktown. 

MADISON,  r.  Missouri,  one  of  tlie  forks 
of  the  river  Missouri. 

MADISON VILLE,  t.  St.  Tammany  co.  I,a. 
on  Lake  Poiielmrtrain,  at  tin;  inoiith  of  the 
Clicfuneti,  21  m.  N.  iioin  New  Orleans,  and 
127  N.  from  Natchez. 

MADISONVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Hopkins  co. 
Ken.  738  ill.  from  W.    Pop.  112. 

MADRID,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
St,  Lawrence,  250  m.  NW.  from  Alhany.  Pop. 
'','151).  Here  is  an  academy  at  a  village  called 
IFaniilton. 

MADRID,  Now,  district,  Miso.  Pop.  2,351. 
Chiof  town,  Winchester. 

MADRID,  Nno,  I.  New  Madrid  district, 
Miso.  on  W.  side  of  the  river  Mississi|)pi,  75 
III.  below  the  mouth  of  the  Oliio,  1  IS  S.  from 
St.  Louis.  Lon.  H!)°  30'  W.;  lat.  'MP  3G'  N. 
This  town  was  orijrinally  laid  out  on  an  exton- 
■sivc  plan,  and  with  the  cxpectiition  of  its  hc- 
fioming  a  great  city.  It  is  huilt  on  jirround 
somewhat  hijrhcr  than  the  ordinary  hank  of 
the  Mississippi,  hut  is,  however,  exjio.sed  to  the 
ravajjes  of  the  river,  and  is  also  environed  liotli 
alxiye  and  Inflow  with  stajjiiant  muddy  crcek.s. 
It  is  not  in  a  ilourishinfj  state  at  pnsc^nt, 
tlinujrli  th<>  country  around  is  pood. 

MAD  river;  r.  N.  H.  wiiieh  runs  S\V. 
•nfotlie  Merrimack,  in  Cain[>toii. 


MAD  F{FVF;|{,  ».  Clianipai<,'n  co.  Ohio. 
I'op.  I.7;(l. 

^FADI{IVF:F{,  r.Ohio,  runs  SW.  into  the 

(ircat  Miiniii,  at  Diivton.     F.(  ii!;tii  .'i5  III. 
MAD  iM\  i;i;,  t.Cl.irk  co.  Olrto. 
MA(;AI  (;i' \DAVICK,r.Ncwnriinswick, 

wliicli  runs  into  Pas^aiiiaipHMldy  Itay,  op|M)site 
St.  Andrews.  Ft  has  liills  at  tiic  head  of  tido 
waters,  li  in.  t'lom  its  inoiith,  and  another  !)  in. 
fiu'ther  up  tlu;  river,  at  Uitli  ol'uhieh  saw-inillti 
are  <'reeteil,  and  iuniieiise  rpiantities  of  pinu 
and  other  hiniher  yearly  inaiiuliictiired.  At 
the  lower  Ilills  is  a  settlement  containin;r  two 
cliiircheH  ami  alxiiit  700  inh  ihilants.  There  \h 
also  a  small  settleim  lit  at  the  upper  liills. 

M\(;A/.INE  MoI'NT.MN,  Arkansas  ter. 
on  the  S.  Mile  ot"  .ArkaiisaH  river,  10  rii.  alntvo 
the  pile  I  ion  of  the  Pelit  John.     It  is  1,0UU  or 

l;.'liO  feet  hinh. 

MA(;DAI,I:N  river,  r.  L.C.  which  runa 
into  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  in  lon.  t!5'  5'  VV.; 
lat.  lO^  12' N. 

MACiDALENA,  r.  Mexico,  in  Texas,  which 
runs  into  the  .sea,  hctween  the  rivers  Flores 
and  iMcxicano. 

MA(;DALENE  ISI,ANDS,  chistcr  of  isls. 
7  ill  iiumher,  in  the  <«iilf  of  St.  Lawrence,  42 
m.  NVV.  from  the  island  of  Cape  Hreton.  Lon. 
Cr^'IO' W.;  lat.  17^  I.T  to  47  '  12' N. 

MAIJPIE  RIVER,  r.  C;ahada,  which  runs 
into  the  (iiilf  of  St.  Lawrence,  G  in.  VV.  from 
lh(!  St.  .John. 

M  A II ANOY  MOUNTAINS,  arc  one  ridge 
between  Mahaiioy  and  ('atawissa  rivers;  and 
another  between  iVIahanoy  river  and  Shainokin 
creek. 

MAHANTANfiO,  r.  Pa.  runs  W.  into  the 
Susfpiehaiiiiah,  18  m.  bidow  Suiihury ;  aiiotlicr 
which  runs  E.  into  Uic  SusquehaimaJi,  2  in. 
abo\<'  the  lornier. 

MAIlONINt.',  r.  Vcnaiiffo  co.  Pa.  rnnsW. 
into  IIk;  Alleufhany,  5  m.  SE.  from  Franklin. 

MA110NlN(i,  r.  rises  in  Ohio,  and  pjissing 
into  I'eiinsylvania,  joins  the  Ohio  river. 

MAFFON  Y,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  VV.  into  the 
Susrpiehaniiah,  10  m.  S.  (roiii  Sunhury. 

MAIFONY,  mf.  F'a.  N.  of  the  Mahony  r. 

MAIDI;N  CFJEEK,  r.  Pa.  which  rmis  into 
the  Schiivlkill,  7  in.  N.  from  Reading. 

MAIDSTONF-:,  t.  Essex  co.  V.C.  on  UieS, 
side  of  Tiako  St.  ( 'lair. 

MAIDSTONE,  I.  I^sscx  co.  Vt.  onConncc 
ticnt  r.  53  m.  NIO.  from  MoiitjK'lier.  Pop.  23fi. 

M.MLLARD,  hold  promontory,  in  L.C.  on 
the  N.  coast  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  22  ni.  below 
the  island  <)f  Orlean.s. 

MAI  N i;,  one  of  the  II.  S.     See  jiagc  4.5. 

M  AIS  Y,  Ciipi;  the  K.  (extremity  of  the  island 
of  Culm.     Lon.  7 1'  1'  F5"  W. ;  lat.  20^  20'  N. 

M.\  F,;\  F?A  R,  ca|H',  on  SF'Lextremity  of  Mass, 
Lon.  (il)-^  ,5.V  VV.;  lat.  11^  31'  N. 

MAIiAfJA,  V.  Oloiicestcr  co.  N.  J.  30  m.  S. 
from  Philadelphia. 

MALAGA,  v.  Monroe  co.  Ohio,  147  in.  SE. 
hy  E.  from  Cohnnlius. 

MALHAY,  r.  L.  C.  which  falls  int/jtho  St. 
Lawrence  from  the  N.  nearly  o|)j)ositc  to  the 
Caiiiaroiiska  islands,  DO  in.  below  Quebec. 

M  AIiF)F'jN,  I'hrl,  now  in  ruins,  was  situated 


324 


MAI/^MAN 


I 


Ri 


on  the  rivrr  IVtrolt,  Ednex  co.  II.  C.  opuoHitt! 
Islu  ail  IIoIm  MIiiiio. 

MAI.DKN,  U  in  iho  co.  of  Kwrt,  ir.  (;.  \n 
fiituatcd  nt  tlui  moutli  of  Dctroil  river,  on  the 
E.  iiido  of  the'  Ktriiil,  hiivinij  ('()1<  licstir  to  the 
K.  and  Huron  to  thr  N.  and  itieUi(liii)(  tin:  vil- 
hgo.  of  Anilii;rHtliiir(f. 

MAr.DKN,  t.  Middh-Hcx  co.  Miihh.  Hitiintiyl 
bfltwpon  Mcdlbrd  and  I.ynn,  .'»  in.  NK.  from 
ItoHton.  It  iH  united  to  ('harl(>.to^\'n  by  .Myn- 
tic  bridpo.     Pop.  2,010. 

MAr.LOYHVIIJ.K,  v.  VVilkcH  co.  (J.o.  H-:> 
in.  NK.  from  MilUidircvillc. 

MALONE,  t.  and  cap.  Franklin  co.  N.  Y. 
42  in.  W.  from  Flntt«biirjr,  2:20  N.  from  Allia- 
ny,  .W.!  fron^  W.  Pop.  2,207.  Thu  viilai^r,. 
BtandH  on  Satinon  rircr. 

MALTA,  t  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  tlie  prlnci- 
pal  villttjfc,  7  ni.  W.  from  Saratojrn,  and  !t  in. 
SE.  from  Hallston  Spa.     Pop.  1,.')17. 

MAMAR(JNEC;K,  t,  WcBtchcKtcr  co.  N.  Y. 
on  Long  iHJand  Sound,  2.")  m.  N  E.  from  New 
York.  Pop.  838.  Ub  liarbor  admitH  vchkcIh 
of  100  tons. 

MAMELLE,  mnuntninR,  ArkanHas  Tor.  on 
tlic  S.  aide  of  Arkansas  river,  below  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Potcau.  They  arc  estimated  to 
oxcood  1,000  feet  in  heigiit,  and  arc  supposed 
to  be  connected  with  tlie  Muzcrn  mountains. 
MAMMO'i'II  CAViO,  Ken.  S(!e  pivfre  1.10. 
MAMOKATING,  t.  .■iulHvnn  co.  N.  Y.  con- 
taining  the  village  of  Blofiniingburg,  2.3  m.  VV. 
from  Ncwburgh.    Pop.  3,(.')2. 

MANASQUAN,  r.  N.  .1.  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic.    Lon.  74°  8'  W. ;  lal  40='  8'  N. 

MANATAWNY  (JREEK ,  r.  Montjromcry 
CO.  Pa.  runs  into  thp  Schuylki.l,  at  Pottsdrove. 
MANATOULIN  ISLAND.^  IJ.  C.  extend- 
ing from  the  W.  side  of  Lake  Huron  in  an  11. 
direction  IGO  m.  Many  of  tlicmi  are  i'rom  2U 
to  30  m.  long. 

MANAYUNK,  v.  Philadelphia  co.  Pa.  It 
stands  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  SchuylkilL 

MANBY  POINT,  cape,  on  the  NVV.  const 
of  America,  forming  the  VV.  point  at  the  .en- 
trance of  Behring's  Bay.  Lon.  21!)°  17'  E. ; 
lat.  .59°  47'  N. 

MANCENILLA,  bay,  on  the  N.  side  of  St. 
Domingo.     Lon.  7P  50"  W. ;  lot.  lO^^  50'  N. 

MANCHAC,  a  pai<s  or  channel,  forming  a 
communication  between  Lakes  Maurcpas  and 
Ponchartrain,  about  6  m.  long. 

MANCHAC,  t.  Louisiana,  on  the  E.  bank 
of  the  Mississippi,  20  m.  below  Baton  Rouge. 
MANCHAC  BAYOU.    See  Iberville. 
MANCHESTER,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  22 
m.  N.  of  Bennington,  and  44  NE.  of  Troy  jn 
N.York.     Pop.  1,525. 

MANCHESTER,  t  Essex  co.  Mass.  a  few 
miles  NE.  of  Beverly.    Pop.  1,238. 

MANCHESTER,  t  Niagara  co.  N.  Y,  at 
the  cataract  of  Niagara.  A  bridge  now  con- 
nects this  place  with  Goat  Island. 

MANCHESTER,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  8  m. 
SW.  by  W.  from  Utica. 

MANCHESTER,  v.  Baltimore  co.  Md.  on 
the  road  from  Baltimore  to  Carlisle,  33  m. 
from  the  former,  and  42  from  the  latter.. 


M\NCIir;STr:i{,  t.  Ontario  ro.  N.Y.  10 
III.  .\.  from  ('iiiiiiiMhiiiriin,  (III  llic  roiid  tfi  tlir 
SiiJiihur  S|iriiiirH,  and  on  ('aiiiiiiil;ii;^'im  outlet. 
Pop.  :i,Kll. 

,M  wen  KS'l'Klf,  V.  <  'lieHfrrlirld  ro.  Va.  on 
the  S,  side  1)1'  .liiiiieH  rJM  r,  (ipiHwitc  {{icliinoinl, 
and  .'l.'l  m,  N\V.  ol'  Wiiliiim.Hliiiri;. 

MANCUKSTKU,  v.  .'^unipler  district,  S.  C, 
on  NVnlcree  river,  alMnit  •'i  in.  above  tlit;  inoiitli 
ot'  <'on(,'itrce. 

MA.VCIIKSTKR,  v.  and  mnt  of  instic.., 
Cliiy  eo.  Ken.  aUiiit  I'JO  m.  Sll.  frfnii  Fnink- 
tort,  .').')H  III.  from  \V.     l'oi>.  IXK 

MAiVCIIKSTKIJ,  v.  pleiiHrinlly  situatid  on 
the  bank  ol'  tlie  Ohio,  in  Adaiim  eo.  Oliin,  jllll 
111.  S.  by  W,  I'rom  ('nliimbus,  and  7iJ  in  tin- 
same  direetion  from  Chillicotlie. 

MANCIIESTKU,  t.  Morgan  eo.  Ohio.  INii,. 
H31. 

MANCHESTER,  V.  Dearborn  co.  In.  Ill 
III.  SE.  from  IndiiinnpoliH. 

MANCHKSTFH,  v.  St.  Louis  co.  Minn.  17 
111.  from  St.  Louis. 

MANdlKSTKH,  t.  niilslKirongh  eo.  N.  II. 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Merriiimek,  Mi  ni.  S. 
from  Concord,  42  W.  from  Portymoutli.  I'nii. 
877. 

MANCHESTER  HOUSE,  one  of  the  Hu.l- 
son  Bay  Company's  fiietories,  N.  Anierieu,  dn 
till!  SaHkatehawine,  100  in.  W.  from  Hiidsdn's 
House,  75  .SK.  from  Biickingliaiii  House.  Loii. 
10!)°20' VV.;  lat.  .I.'P  14'  18"  N. 

MANCHESTER  VILLACiH,  v.  on  Ihf 
Oriskiiny  creek,  where  crossed  by  tlu^  {rrciil 
western  road,  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. !)  in.  a  little  S. 
of  W.  from  Utica. 

MANDAN,  Indian  village,  on  Missnnri 
river,  1,()()0  in.  from  the  l\Iississip])i.  Lou. 
1(10°  50'  VV. ;  lat  d?'-"'  20'  N.  Here  Lewis  and 
Clark  encamped  diirinfr  the  winter  of  lr<01-,"(, 
on  their  voyage;  uj)  the  Missouri. 

MANHEIM,  t.  H(<rkiiner  co.  N.  Y.  on  tim 
E.  side  of  Mohawk  river,  above  the  moiitii  of 
^•last  ('anada  creek.     Pop.  1,!)37. 

MANHEIM,  t.  York  co.  Pa.  It  is  sitiuitod 
in  the  SW.  corner  of  the  co.  adjoining  Md. 
(Jliief  town,  Hanover. 

MANHEIM,  v.  Loncastcr  co.  Pa.  on  the  VV, 
side  of  ('onestoga  creek,  between  Moravia 
and  Little  Conestoga  creeks,  immediately  N. 
from  the  city  of  Lancaster. 

MANICOUGAN,  river  of -L.  C.  rises  in  tlie 
recesses  of  Labrador,  flows  into  and  again  out 
of  Manicougan  Lake,  and  as.suniing  a  course 
of  SSVV.  enters  St.  Lawrence  river,  nearly 
opposite  the  paps  of  Matane,  200  m.  below 
Quebec. 

MANIEL,  mt.  of  St.  Domingo,  20  m.  in  cir- 
cumfcrcnce,  and  so  high  and  craggy,  that  it  is 
almost  inaccessible. 

MANLIUS,  t.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y.  between 
the  Salt  Lake  and  Lake  Oneida,  42  m.  VV.  of 
Wliitestown,  on  Mohawk  river.    Pop.  7,375. 

MANLIUS  CENTRE,  or  Manlius  Square, 
a  very  prosperous  v.  on  the  great  western  road, 
in  Onondago  co.  N.  Y.  34  m.  NE.  by  E.  from 
Auburn. 

MANNAHAWKIN,  v.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J. 


.-^A. 


// 


MAN— MAR 


urn  CO.  Miso.  1' 


ii|M»n  llic  Allnnllc  rmisf,  rdnl.iininpf  nlnrnf  'M) 

(Jw<'Hill(;-lloilS('ll,  lillil  II  ^(l|lli^1t    mill    ,M^tll<llli^•l 

niorlinu'-l""""'-     '•  'i''^  '^  •"•  tVimi  'riirkrrlini, 

MANNSVU.I.r.,  V.  J.ir.  rnoM  ro.  N.  Y.  I  if 
m,  N\V.  I'roiii  Alliiiiiy. 

MANSKIHIJ),  t.  Cliinciulcr.  ro.  Vt.  20  in. 
N.  rniiii  llurliiiytoii.  I'dii.  ',*7II.  iMiiiiMCirld 
iMoiililaili,  oii(<  dl'  till'  loliirHt  of  tlic  (irccil 
.MoiiiitiiiTiH,  lii'H  rhii'llv  ill  this  tnwii. 

MA.NSFIKF.I),  t.  llrlMtol  ro.  .Muhs.  U  hi.  N. 
from  'i'limitoii,  'M  S.SW.  IVdhi  Uosloii.  roji. 
1,1 7'J. 

MANSFIKTJ),  t.  IFolIaiid  co.  (\  Qr*  m.  R 
from  lliirt.lord.  This  town  is  cclchnitfd  liir 
thr  nilliirf  of  silk.  It  coiitiiiiis  two  (•(itloii 
Hictorirs  mid  five  liouses  of  piihlic  worHhip. 
ro|..',»,(;(il. 

MAN.SFIKI.I),  t.  Siisuc.xco.  N.  J.  on  Xhv. 
Miisfoiicriuik,  7  111.  SI'',  i'rom  Oxford. 

MANSl'IKI.I),  V. 'I'ioK.K...  N.  Y. 

MANSKIKF,!),  t.  nuriinK'ton  co.  N.  J.  It 
is  8  111.  NK.  from  Hiirlinfftoii.     Pup.  2,(lf^.'J. 

MANSFIKI.D,  V.  VVurrcn  ro.  N.  .1.  on  tlic 
MiiNcoiicciink  river,  111  ni.  SK.  from  Oxford. 

Top.  ;j,.'j(>;j. 

MANSFIELD,  t  nnd  scat  of  jiiNtico,  for 
Richland  co.  Ohio,  coiitiiiniii^  640  iiih:il>itiints. 
It  standu  73  m.  NE.  from  Cohuniiiis,  uiid  3!^0 
from  \V. 

MANSFIET-D,  v.  Amelia  co.  Vu.  20  m  by 
land  iiliovc  I'etersbiirp. 

MANSFIELD  CENTRE,  v.  Windluim  co. 
Ct  :i')  111.  NE.  from  Hartford. 

MANSFIELD  ISLAND,  island  in  Ilnd- 
son's  Hay.     Lon.  80°  40'  W. ;  lat.  02°  5'  N. 

MANTUA,  t.  Portajre  co.  Ohio,  on  (Juya- 

hoffa  river,  10  in.  N.  from  Ravenna.  Pop.  9t!>. 

MANUEL'S    FORT,   Missouri   Territory, 

on  the  YcUow-Htonc.     Lon.  lOG^  30'  VV. ;  lat. 

4(P  N. 

MARATHON,  now  Moulton,  t.  and  seat  of 
justice,  Lawrence  co.  Al.  on  the  lefl  bank  of 
TenncHBec  river,  35  m.  W.  from  Iluntsville, 
779  from  W.       . 

MARBLEHEAD,  t  Essex  co.  M.iss.  4  m. 
SE.  from  Salem,  16  NE.  from  Boston.  Lat. 
42°  32'  N. ;  lon.  70°  50'  W.  It  contains  a 
bank,  a  custom-house,  and  5  houses  for  public 
worship,  2  for  Con^jregatioiialists,  1  for  Epis- 
copalians, 1  for  Mcthwlists,  and  1  for  Baptists. 
The  harbor  lies  in  front  of^  tlie  town,  and  ex- 
tends from  SW.  to  NE,  about  a  mile  and  a 
half  in  length,  and  is  half  a  mile  broad.  It  is 
convenient,  and  well  defended  by  Fort  Sewall. 
The  inhabitants  of  this  town  arc  more  exten- 
sively engaged  in  the  bank  fisheries  than  any 
other  in  the  U.  S.    Pop.  5,150. 

MARBLETOWN,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  10  m. 
W.  from  Kingston.    Fop.  3,223. 

MARCELLUS,  t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Skcncateles  Lake,  10  m.  W.  from  Onondaga, 
60  W.  from  Utica.  Fop.  2,626.  In  this  town 
is  tlic  village  of  "Skeneateles. 

MARCUS  HOOK,  v.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  on 
tlie  Delaware,  20  m.  below  Philadelplila. 
MARENGO,  v.  Seneca  co.  N.  Y, 
MARENGO,  CO.  Al.  bounded  W.  by  Tom- 
bigbce  and  Black  Warrior  rivers,  N.  by  Tusca- 
loosa ca  E.  and  SE.  by  Dallas,  and  S.  by 


Cliirkr.  Lcn-flh  r.n  111.  nie:iii  width  90.  Sur- 
fiiec  hilly,  iiiid  soil  of  a  ptior  <|iiiilily,  except 
iiciir  the  stnaiiiH.  Plrrity  of gotHJ  pine  timlMT 
urows  hire.  'I'he  valley"  jiriMliire  coltoii, 
wliiili  is  Ihr  priii(i|>iil  arlirlf  of  Iradr.  Chief 
(own,  i:,ii;l(  \illr.  Pop.  in  JKjO,  ;i,!l33;  in 
l>;«l>,  7.7I-.'. 

.\!AR(;ALLAWAY,  r.  whi.h  rises  in  the 
inoinitaiiiH  uhicli  separate Caiiiida  from  .Maine, 
runs  soiillicrly,  partly  in  .Maine  aiul  jiarlly  in 
.\.  Ilanipsliire, and  llnws  1*1110  I 'inliago|;  Lako. 
Tliis  is  the  head  brunili  of  the  Aiidroseog. 
gill. 

MAIMJARET'I'A,  t.  Huron  ro.  Ohio. 

.A!AiJ<;\l{i;TTA"S  CIMIKK,  Ohio,  runs 
into  Ihc  lloeklioekint:,  opjKwile  .Alhcns. 

Al .\ !{< ; A n I :TTSV ILLK,  v. U  aslnngton co. 
■Md.  1(1  111.  .S.  by  E.  from  i;ii/.iil«(li(own. 

iMAUtJO'J',  r.  .Mississip|»i,  whieli  rniis  into 
the  Mississippi,  lii(.  .*<.'»' 2f*' N .  The  ground 
helow  its  jiiiirtion  with  the  Mississippi  is  ele- 
vated an<l  pleasant,  uiul  the  soil  remarkably 
fertile. 

MARGUERITE,  r.  N.  Americn,  which  runs 
into  Lake  Michigan,  lon.  H5  '  31'  >V. ;  lat.  41 ' 
2'N. 

MARIA,  r.  N.  America,  whicli  rises  in  the 
Rocky  Mountains  and  rims  into  the  Missouri, 
HI  III.  below  the  (Jreat  Falls. 

MARIANNE  ISLAND.^,  3  small  islands 
in  Lake  Horgne,  Mississippi. 

MARIA'S  RIVER,  branch  of  Missouri, 
which  rises  in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  near  lat. 
50^  N.  Its  general  course  is  SE.  into  the 
Missouri,  which  it  joins  alwiit  50  ni.  below  tlio 
(jJreat  Falls. 

MARIE,  r.  II.  which  runs  info  the  Missis- 
sippi, between  the  Auvasc  and  the  Kaskaskias. 

MARIE,  Cape.  Dame,  the  VV.  point  of  St. 
Domingo,  which,  with  the  Cape  St.  Nicholas, 
forms  the  entrance  of  the  Hay  of  Leogane. 
Lon.  74^  2(1'  VV.;  lat.  18^  3h'^  N.  It  is  60 
leagues  VV.  from  Port  au  Prince. 

MsMHETTA,  bor.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  SusfpieJiannah,  12  m.  VV.  from 
Lancaster,  3  N.  from  Columbia.  Pop.  6,0.'i8, 
including  the  townshi])  of  Donegal. 

MAIUETTA,  t.  and  cap.  Washington  co. 
Ohio,  on  till!  W.  bank  of  the  Ohio  river,  ini- 
inediately  above  the  mouth  of  the  Muskingum, 
178  m.  below  Pittsburg,  !I3  E.  by  N.  from 
Chillieothc,  109  SE.  from  Columbus,  61  SE. 
from  Zancsville.  Lat.  39°  25'  N.;  lon.  81°  30' 
W.  304  from  W.  It  contains  2  churches,  an 
academy,  the  jiublic  county  buildings,  two 
printing-oflices,  a  bank,  20  stores,  about  flO 
houses,  and  the  whole  township  1,914  inhabit- 
ants. The  people  are  noted  for  their  industry 
and  sobriety,  nnd  tlie  politeness  and  urbanity 
of  their  manners.  Ships  were  formerly  built 
here ;  but  from  some  cause  the  business  has 
lieen  discontinued.  The  situation  of  the  town 
is  unfortunate ;  parts  of  it  being  liable  to  an- 
nual inundation.     Pop.  1,207. 

MARIEGALANTE,  one  of  the  leeward 
Cariblice  islands,  in  the  W.  Indies,  subject  to 
the  French,  extending  16  m.  from  N.to  S.  and 
4  from  E.  to  W.  It  is  full  of  liills,  and  along 
the  E.  shore  are  lolly  perpendicular  rocks,  that 


■HI 


320 


MAR— MAR 


.hi 


m 

1  t 

mm' 

M 

I 

1 

lW||i;  ' 

ImW^ 

t 

'xH  '• 


U  > .■' 


w 


\i' 


\i 


S">, 


slicltcr  v.'isf.  ntiiii1)rr=!  oT  frn])ir.il  h\r(U.  Tt.  Iiiis 
sovonil  larfTo  pnv<!nif.,  with  mi;iiij'  lillli'  wtrcains 
iiinl  |M)ii(ls  ol'  Ih'sli  wntiT.  It,  is  covered  witi 
trees,  ill  ci  |).irlie,i;larlv  .•ilwjmiils  with  tohaeeo 
and  tlie  wild  ciiiiiaiiioii-trei'.  Ft  is  '.U\  in.  N. 
of  Doiiiiniea,  and  III  K.  of  (Jiijidaiouiie.  Loii. 
«P  11'  W.;  lat.  l.V^W  N. 

MARIOX,  en.  Miss,  hounded  hy  ITancoek 
CO.  ill  Miss.  SI'-.  Washinirlon  |)iirish,  in  Loii. 
S.  Piitc  CO.  W.  ('oviiifrton  and  Jiawreiice  on 
tlic  N.    Pop.  .'{,701.'    t;hief  town,  Coiiiinhin. 

MARK )N,  dist riot, S. C.  Poi..  1  i ,2W.  Cliicf 
town,  Giicslioroufrh. 

MARION,  CO.  Geo.  Pop.  1,327,  of  wlioin 
10!>  arc  colored. 

MARI()>f,  t.  and, cap.  Twijrprs  co.  Geo. 

MARK  )N,  V.  Marion  co.  Al. 

MARION,  CO.  Ohio,  Ixmiided  on  tbo  N.  by 
Crawford,  E.  by  Riclilaiui,  S.  by  Delaware 
and  Union  cos,  and  on  the  W.  by  Hardin  co. 
It  is  33  m.  lonp  from  M.  to  W.  and  18  broad 
from  N.  to  S.  Pop.  6,558.  Cliicf  town,  Ma- 
rion. 

MARION,  V.  and  cap.  Marion  co.  Ohio,  on 
tlie  road  from  Columbus  to  Perryvillc,  48  ni. 
NW.  from  Columbus,  and  41 G  from  '.V.  Vop. 
287. 

MARION,  V.Colo  CO. Miso.  14'!  m.  W.  from 
St  Louis. 

MARION,  C.  H.  Marion  district,  S.  C.  124 
in.  a  little  N.  of  E.  from  Columbia. 

MARION,  CO.  Ten.  bounded  S.  by  Al.  and 
Geo.  W.  and  NVV.  by  Franklin,  N.  by  Rlcd 
soc,  and  E.  by  Hamilton  and  the  Clicrokce 
lands ;  Icufrth  32,  mean  width  18  m.  Surface 
hilly,  and  in  part  mountainous.  Tennessee 
river  crosses  its  SE.  anjrlp.  (Jliief  town,  Jas- 
per.    Pop.  in  1820,  3,888 ;  in  1830,  .'),51(J. 

MARION,  CO.  Al.  bounded  VV.  by  Monroe 
CO.  in  Miss,  and  the  Chickasaw  lands,  N.  by 
Franklin  co.  in  Al.  NE.  by  Lawrence,  and  E. 
by  Blount  and  .Tetferson.  Lenjrth,  50  in.  mean 
width  30.     Pop.  4,058.    Chief  town,  Pikcvillc. 

MARION,  CO.  In.  Chief  town,  Indiaiiajrolis, 
the  capital  of  the  state.  •  Pop.  7,181. 

MARKT-ES  MILL,  v.  Vigo  co.  In. 

MART,iJOROU(ifI,  t. Greenville  co.  U.  C. 

MARLROROlUai,  t.  Middlesex  co.  U.  V. 

MARfilJOROUGH,  t.  ('heshirc  co.  N.  H.  5 
m.  SE.  from  Keen.;.     Poj..  822. 

MARLIlOROUnil,  t.  Windham  co.Vt.  14 
ni.  S.  from  Windsor.     Pop.  1,218. 

MARLI50R0U(JH,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass. 
1  (!  m.  E.  from  ^Vorcestcr,  27  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  2,074. 

MARLBOROUGH,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  17 
m.  SE.  from  Hartford.     Pop.  704. 

MARLBOROUGH,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  HtuLson,  23  m.  l)clow  Kiiifjsttm.  Pop. 
2,272.  It  has  2  h  ^uscs  of  puiilic  worsliip,  1 
for  (juakcrs,  and  1  tor  Presbyterians. 

MARLBOROUGH,  Lower,  v.  (Calvert  co. 
M(l.  on  the  Patux(!nt,  3(J  m.  SW.  from  An- 
najiolis. 

MARLBOROITGH,  Upper,  t.  and  cap. 
Prince  (Jeorgc  co.  Md.  on  tlie  Patuxcnt,  21  ni. 
SW.  from  Annapolis. 

MARLBOROIKJH,  district,  S.  C.  Pop. 
^,578.    At  llio  court-house  is  a  post-oHicj. 


MARLBOROTKHf,  f.  in  tlm  northern  bor- 
ders of  Delawart!  co.  Ohio,  which  is  situated 
ill  tlie  villajje  of  Norton.     Pop.  504. 

MARLBOROUf.'H,  v.  Marlborough  dis- 
trict, S.C.  !tl  III.  NE.  from  (Wnmbia. 

MARLIJOROUCJH,  New,  t.  Berkshire  co. 
Mass.  23  111.  SSE.  ti'om  Lenox,  118  WSW. 
from  Boston.  Pop.  1,()5G.  A  mineral  spring 
has  been  discovered  here. 

MAR  LEY'S  STORE,  V.Sampson  co.  N.C. 

MARLOW,  t.  (-heshire  co.  N.  H.  33  m.  W. 
from  Concord.     Pop.  645. 

MAI{QUESAHO,  Villa  del,  t.  Mexico,  18 
leagues  SE.  from  Mexico.  Lon.  277°  10  W. ; 
lat.  IHO  2'  N. 

MARCiUETTE,  r.  Michigan,  whicli  runs 
W.  and  til  lis  into  Lake  Michigan. 

MAIUiUIS  ISLANDS,  cluster  of  small  isl- 
ands  in  the  Florida  stream.  Lon.  81°  30'  W.; 
lat.  24^  3.V  N.  .     • 

MARRATTICK,  t.  Halifax  co.  N.  C.  on 
the  S.  bank  of  the  Roanoke,  nt  tlie  ^jot  of  tlie 
lower  falls.  It  has  a  pleasant  and  advantageous 
situation. 

M,\RR'S  BLUFF,  v.  Liberty  district,  S.  C. 

MARSH  ISLAND,  isl.  Maine,  in  the  Pe- 
nobscot,  4  m.  above  Bangor. 

MARSHALLVILLE,  v.  Anson  co.  N.  C. 

MARSHALLSVILLE,  v.  MecUenburg  co, 
Va. 

MARSHALLTON,  v.  CJicster  co.  Va. 

MARSIIFIELD,  t.  Wasliington  co.  Vt.  11 
m.  ENE.  from  Montpelicr.    Pop.  1,271. 

MARSHFIELD,  t.  Plymoutli  co.  Mass.  15 
m.  NNW.  from  Plyinoutli,  30  SE.  from  Bos- 
ton.    Pop.  1,563. 

MARSHPEE.  Sec  Mashpee. 

MARSHY-HOPE,  r.  Md.  which  rises  in 
Delaware,  and  nms  SW.  into  the  Nanticoke, 
5  m.  NE.  from  Vienna. 

MARTHA'S  RIVER,  r.  N.  America,  which 
runs  into  the  Missouri,  60  m.  above  the  Yel- 
low-stone. 

MARTHASVILLE,  t.  St;  Cliarles  district, 
Missouri  territory,  40  m.  W.  from  St.  Cliarles. 

MARTHASVIRI^E,  v.  Montgomery  co. 
Miso.  66  ill.  VV.  from  St.  Louis. 

MAIiTHA'S  VINEYARD,  isl.  Mass.  8  ni. 
S.  from  Falmouth,  12  WSW.  from  Nantucket, 
1 !)  m.  long,  and  from  2  to  1 0  broad.  liOn.  70^ 
40'  W. ;  lat.  41°  40'  N.  Tlie  greatest  part  of 
the  island  is  low  and  level  land.  In  some  parts 
the  soil  is  fi;rtile,  but  a  great  jiroportion  is  un- 
productive. The  trees  on  the  island  are  small. 
The  principal  niannflictures  are  those  of  wool 
and  salt.  The  island  contains  3  towns,  Ed- 
gartown,  Tisbury,  and  Chilmark. 

MARTKTHJ.E,  v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 

MARTIN,  Cape,  promontory  of  Valencia, 
in  Sjiain,  which  separates  the  (iulf  of  Valen 
cia  from  that  of  Alicant.  Lon.  0°  36'  Ei ;  lat. 
38°  54'  N. 

MARTIN,  CO.  N.  C.  bounded  by  Beaufort 
SE.  Pitt  SW.  I^dgecoinbe  W.  Halifax  NW. 
Roanoke  river,  or  Bertie  N.  and  Washington 
E.  Length  35  m.  mean  width  about  14-  Chief 
town,  Williamston.  Pop.  in  1820,  6,.320;  in 
1830,  6,320. 

MARTIN,  CO.  In.  bounded  by  Owen  and 


'  f 


u 


MAR— MAT 


327 


nd  advantageous 


idod  by  Beaufort 

V.  Unlifiix  NW. 

and  WaHliinfjton 

ul)out14.  Cliief 

1820,  6,320;  i" 


Piivies  S.  Hiillivan  and  Viirn  W.  \Val)iisli  siih 
Delaware  NW.  and  iMniiroc  and  fiawntiee  I'l. 
Lenirth  47  ni.  width  21.  TIk-  VV.  liraneli  of 
VVlule  l{iver  runs  tliroiiifli  IIiIh  eo.  from  NW. 
to  SLO.  'I'lie  sod  i.s  jfciurally  very  -rood.  C'liief 
town,  Mount  Pleasant.  Top.  in  Jti20,  1,032  ; 
m  1H:}0,  2,010. 

MARTINICO,  one  of  the  Windward  Car- 
ibbeo  Islands,  in  tlic  West  Indies,  40  m.  in 
Icngtli,  and  100  in  circumference.  Tliere  are 
many  hif(h  mountains,  covered  with  trees,  as 
well  as  several  rivers  and  icrtilc  valleys,  but  they 
protluce  neither  wlieat  nor  vines.  It  jjroduces 
sujjar,  cotton,  jjingcr,  indijjo,  cliocolate,  aloes, 
pimento,  plantains,  and  other  troj>ical  fruits; 
and  is  extremely  p«pidous.  Sonic  of  tlie  an 
cient  inhabitants  still  remain.  It  has  Hcvcral 
safe  and  commodious  harbors,  well  fortified, 
Fort  St.  Pierre,  the  priucipid  place,  is  in  Ion, 
6F20'W.;  lat.  14=14' N. 

MARTINSIU)R()U(iII,  t.  N.  C.  on  Tar  r, 
20  ni.  above  Washinjrton. 

MARTINSIJURC;,  t.  and  cap.  I.ewia  co, 
N.  Y.  on  Black  river,  48  ni.  N  !■:.  from  IJtica, 
1 14  NW.  from  Albany,  l.'U  from  W.  Pop. 
2,382.  Here  is  a  pleasant  and  tlourisliin;!f  vil- 
lage, which  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
inet'ting-house,  a  paper-inill,.and  other  valuable 
mills. 

MARTINSBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Berkeley  co. 
Va.  8  ni.  S.  of  the  Potomac,  22  NNE.  from 
Winchester,  71  from  W.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, a  jail,  ton  academy,  an  Episcopal  church, 
and  about  150  houses.  It  is  situated  in  a  rich 
and  beautiful  country. 

MARTINSBURG,  t.  Hopkins  co.  Ken. 

MARTINSBURG,  v.  in  the  northern  part 
of  Bedford  co.  Pa.  27  miles  NNE.  from  Bed- 
ford. 

MARTINSVILLE,  v.  Ilcnry  co.  Va.  20  m. 
WNW.  from  Danville. 

MARY  ANN  F(JRGE,  v.  Somerset  co.  Pa. 

MARYLAND,  one  of  the  U.  S.  Sec  page  87. 

MARYLAND,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  IGm.  S. 
from  Cooperstown.     Pop.  1,834. 

MARYLAND  POINT,  a  point  formed  by 
a  bend  in  the  Potomac,  Md.  12  m.  SW.  from 
Port  Tobacco. 

MARYSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  C'liarlotte  co. 
Va.  about  3-1  m.  SE.  from  Lynchburg,  187 
from  W. 

MARYSVILLE,  v.  Campbell  co.  Va. 

MARYSVILLE,  v.  Harrisou  eo.  Ken. 

MARYVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Blount  co.  Ten. 
15  m.  S.  from  Knoxville,  .5.32  from  W.  It  con- 
tains a  coui-t-honse,  a  jail,  and  a  bank. 

MASCOMY  PONb,N.  11.  in  Enfield  and 
Lebanon,  chiefly  in  the  former.  It  is  1,250 
rods  in  length,  and  250  in  brfiadth. 

MASCOMY,  r.  N.  H.  which  runs  into  the 
Connecticut,  in  Lebanon ;  7  m.  long. 

MASCONTIN,  r.  Illinois,  which  empties 
into  the  Wabash,  between  Vincennes  and  Fort 
Harrison. 

MASCOUCHE,  r.  L.  Canada,  which  fidls 
into  the  river  St.  John,  aliout  12  m.  betljre  tlie 
latter  joins  the  St.  Lawrence. 

MASCOIIRY,  I'uiut  ./r,.t,iiH-  on  the  noilii 


roi'si  of  St.  Domingo.     Lon.  7P  10'  W.;  lat. 
I'J^  15'  N. 

MASIIPEH,  t.  IJarnslablo  eo.  Mass.  11  m. 
S,  trom  Sandwich,  13  SW.  from  Barnstable. 
It  has  2  harlM)rH,  PopjMUiesset  Bay,  and  Wa- 
(juoit  Bay,  botli  of  whicli  have  burs  at  their 
mouths. 

MASON,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.  12  m. 
SW.  from  Amherst,  42  SSW.  from  Concord. 
Poj..  1,403. 

MASON,  CO.  NW.  side  of  Va.  Iwunded  NE. 
by  Wood  CO.  SE.  and  S.  by  Kenhawa  co.  and 
W.  and  NW.  by  the  Ohio;  .352  m.  from  W. 
Pop.  6,534.  Chief  town,  Point  Pleasant. 

MASON,  CO.  Ken.  bounded  by  the  Ohio  r. 
NE.  Lewis  E.  Fleming  SE.  and  S.  Nicholas 
SW.  and  Bracken  W. ;  length  18  m.  mean 
width  14.  Suriiice  luieven,  though  there  are 
considerable  tracts  of  <;xeellent  soil  on  streams, 
particularly  the  Ohio.  Sta|)les,  grain,  Hour, 
whisky,  &,c.  (^hief  towns,  Washington,  and 
the  seat  of  justice,  Maysville.  Poj>.  in  1820, 
13,588;  in  1830,  16,203. 

MASON  HALL,  v.  Orange  co.  N.C. 

MASt)N'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  the  Poto- 
mac; lon.  77°  13'  W.;  kit.  lilP  N. 

MASONVILLE,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  ad- 
jacent to  the  SE.  angle  of  Chenango  co.  26  ni. 
W.  from  Delhi. 

MASSAB15SICK  POND,  N.  H.  mostly  in 
Chester,  but  jjartly  iij  Manchester.  It  is  a 
beautiful  sheet  of  water,  about  3  m.  long,  con- 
tairung  1,512  acres. 

MASSAC  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs 
into  the  Ohio,  lon.  8!)"  25'  W. ;  lat.  3ii^  47'  N. 

MASSACHUSETTS,  State  of.    See  p.  54. 

MASSACHUSETTS  BAY,  between  Caiw 
Ann  on  the  N.  and  Cape  Cod  on  the  S. 

MASSACRE  ISLAND,  Al.  2  m.  E.  from 
Horn  island,  10  m.  from  the  main  land, 

MASSASINWAY,  r.  In.  unites  with  Little 
river  at  Fort  Tecuniselj  to  form  the  Wabash. 

MASSENA,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  river  St.  Lawrence. 

MASSERN,  a  hill  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Ar- 
kansas,  near  Fort  Smith. 

MASSIE'S  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  joins  tlic  Lit- 
tie  Miami,  4  ni.  above  Xenia.  'Phcrc  are  falls 
near  its  mouth. 

MATACA,  Mantaca,  commodious  bay  on 
the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  35  m.  E.  of 
Havana;  lon.  8frJ  16'  W.;  lat.  2;P  12'  N. 

MATANCHET,  t.  3le\ico,  on  the  Pacific 
Ocean.    I,on.  105^  24'  VV. ;  lat.  20°  45'  N. 

MATANE,  r.  L.  C.  which  falls  into  tlie  S. 
side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  near  its  mouth. 

MATANZA  RIVER,  an  inlet  of  the  sea 
on  the  E.  coast  of  Florida,  20  m.  S.  from  St 
Augustine. 

IMATANZAS,  t.  on  the  N.  coast  of  Cuba, 
60  m.  E.  from  Havana.  It  has  a  large  and 
safo  harbor.  Lon.  81°  30'  W.;  lat.  23°  3'  N. 
Pop.  7,000. 

MATAOUASCHIE  RIVER,  r.  U.  Canada, 
runs  into  the  Ottawa  river,  above  the  river  du 
Rideau. 

fVIATAPEDIACII,  Lake,  L.C.  tlic  source 
of  Itistigouehe  liver. 


328 


MAT— MEA 


•'i 


■'If., 


* 


« ',  ..*^  ,> 


»  '! 


<  .  ' 


la 


■ir, 


MATCIIEDASII,  buy,  in  the  eastern  |)art 
of  Ijakc  Huron,  into  which  the  river  Severn 
empties,  and  forms  a  conuuunication  with  Lake 
Simcoe,  U.  C. 

MATILDA,  V.  Fairfax  co.  Va.  on  the  Poto- 
mac,  near  tlie  Great  Fall. 

MATILDA,  t.  Dundas  co.  U.  Canada,  on 
tlic  St.  Tiawrenec. 

MATILDAVILLE,  v.  Fairfax  co.  Va.  at 
the  nfouth  of  Difficult  creek,  17  miles  above 
Washinffton  City. 

MATINICUS,  isls.  Maine,  S.  of  Penobscot 
Bay.    Lon.  68°  20'  W ;  lat.  43^  56'  N. 

MATTALUCK,  r.  Ct  which  at  Waterbury 
lakes  the  name  of  Naugatuck. 

MATT AFOISETTS, V.Plymouth  co.  Mass. 
20  m.  SSW.  from  Flymoutli,  and  6G  a  little 
E.  of  S.  from  Boston. 

MATTAPONY,  r.  Va.  rises  in  Spottsylva 
nia  CO.  and  running  SE.  joins  the  Pamunky  at 
Delaware,  to  form  York  river.    It  admits  loud 
ed  flats  to  Downer's  Bridge,  70  m.  above  its 
mouth. 

MATTHEW.^?,  CO.  Va.  commencing  8  m 
S.  from  the  mouth  of  the  Potomac.  There  is 
a  post-office  at  the  court-house.  Pop.  in  1820, 
6,920  ;  in  1830,  7,663. 

MATTHEWS,  C.  H.  Matthews  co.  Va.  108 
m.  E.  from  Richmond. 

MATTITUCK,  v.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  on  Po- 
conic  bay,  8  m.  SW.  from  Southold,  and  85  E. 
from  New  York. 

MAUCHCHUNK,  v.  Northampton  co.  Pa. 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Lehigh,  30  m.  by 
land  above  Bethlehem.  It  is  the  kmding  for 
the  coal  procured  on  a  mountain  of  the  same 
name.    Pop.  1,362. 

MAUGERVILLE,  t.  New  Brunswick,  in 
Sunl)ury  co.  on  St.  .John's  river. 

MAUMEE,  r.  rises  in  Indiana,  flows  NE, 
into  the  NW.  angle  of  Ohio,  through  which  it 
continues  NEi.  and  falls  into  the  extreme  SW. 
extension  of  Lake  Eric.  About  18  m.  above 
its  mouth  it  is  imi)cdod  by  shoals,  occasioned 
by  a  series  of  ledges  of  rock,  which  cross  the 
river  for  a  distance  of  18  miles.  It  is  a  fine 
navigable  stream  above  and  below  these  shoals. 
Its  principal  branches,  which  all  unite  above 
tlio  shoals,  arc  St.  Mary's,  St.  Joseph's,  and 
Great  and  Tiittle  Auglaize. 

MAUMEE  BAY,  is  nn  oval  sheet  of  water, 
5  m.  lontr  and  about  2  wide,  and  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Maumee  river;  it  is  united  to  Lake 
Erie  by  two  channels,  formed  by  a  small  island 
in  the  form  of  a  crescent.  The  western  chaji- 
nel  has  a  depth  of  about  7  feet. 

RIAUMEE,  V.  Wood  co.  (^hio,  on  the  lefl 
bank  of  Maumee  river,  above  its  lower  falls, 
and  nearly  opposite  Fort  Meigs,  Lat.  41°  33' 
N. ;  lon.  from  W.  6=  W  W. 

MAUREPAS,  lake,  La.  It  is  formed  by  a 
dilation  of  the  Amite  rivc^r,  and  communicates 
with  Lake  Foncharlrain  by  a  strait  7  miles  in 
length,  called  the  pass  of  Manehac.  It  is  of 
an  oval  figure,  12  ni.  by  7.  It  receives  from 
the  S.  the  Acadian  rn^ek,  from  the  W.  New 
river  and  Amite  river,  and  from  tlie  N.  the 
Tiekoshah.    Its  depth  is  about  12tcet,  but  the 


pass  of  Manehac  admits  of  vessels  of  6  feet 
draft  only. 

MAURICE,  r.  N..T.  which  runs  into  Dela- 
ware Bay  in  CJumberbmJ  co.  It  is  navigable 
20  m.  for  vessels  of  100  tons. 

MAURICE,  ST.  r.  L.  C.  which  enters  the 
St.  Lawrence  from  the  N.  at  the  town  of  Three 
Rivers. 

MAURICE,  ST.  CO,  L.  C.  on  both  sides  of 
St.  Maurice  river,  and  extends  along  the  NE. 
shore  of  St.  Lawrence  river,  from  3  m.  abov'e 
St  Anne  river  to  6  m.  above  the  Majkinongc, 
or  about  58  m.  Its  capital  is  the  town  of  Three 
Rivers,  the  third  in  size  in  Canada. 

MAURICE  RIVER,  t  Cumberland  co,  N,  J. 
Pop.  2,085. 

MAURY,  CO.  W.  Ten.  bounded  by  Giles  S. 
Hickman  W.  Duck  river  or  Williamson  N, 
Bedford  E.  Length  35  m.  mean  width  20, 
area  700  sq.  m.  Surface  hilly.  Soil  excellent. 
Staple  cotton.  Chief  town,  Columbia,  40  ni. 
SSW.  from  Nashville.  Pop.  in  1820,  22,141. 
Lat.  35°  30'  N.;  lon.  10°  W.  from  W. 

MAY,  r.  S.  C.  whjch  runs  into  tlio  Atlantic. 
Lon.  80°  55'  W.;  lat.  32^  15'  N. 

MAYFIELD,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.40 
m.  NW.  from  Albany.    Pop.  2,614. 

MAYLICK,  a  salt  spring,  in  Mason  co. 
Ken.  9  m.  SSW.  fi-om  W. 

MAYO,  r.  vvhich  rises  in  Va.  and  runs  into 
the  Dan,  in  N.  C. 

MAY'S  LANDING,  v.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J, 

MAY'S  LICK,  t.  Mason  co.  Ken. 

MAYSVILLE,  t.  Mason  co.  Ken.  on  the 
Ohio,  3  m.  NE.  from  Washington,  60  NE.  from 
Lexington,  63  above  Cincinnati,  275  m.  by 
land,  and  500  by  water,  below  Pittsburg.  It 
has  a  fine  harbor  for  boats,  and  is  situated  on 
a  narrow  bottom  on  the  verge  of  a  chain  of 
high  hills.  There  are  three  streets  running 
parallel  with  the  river,  and  four  streets  cross- 
ing  them  at  right  angles.  This  place  has  the 
usual  numbur  of  stores  and  manutactories. 
Glass  and  some  other  articles  are  manufactured 
to  a  consi<lnrablc  extent.  It  has  a  market- 
house,  court-house,  three  houses  for  public  wor 
sliij),  and  some  other  public  buildings.  What 
has  given  particular  imjiortance  to  Maysvillc, 
is  its  being  the  principal  place  of  imjwrtatioii 
for  the  NE.  part  of  the  state.  The  greater 
part  of  the  goods  for  Kentucky  from  Philadel- 
phia and  the  eastern  cities,  arc  landed  here, 
and  distributed  hence  over  the  state.  It  is  a 
thriving,  active  town,  and  a  number  of  steam- 
boats  have  been  built  here.     Po]).  2,040. 

.MAYSVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Cha- 
tauquc  CO.  N-  Y.  at  the  head  of  Chatauqnc, 
I-ake,  8  m.  from  Portland,  on  Lake  Erie,  GO 
SW.  from  Buffalo,  and  349  m.  from  W. 

MEAD,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Ohio 
river.     Pop.  1,402. 

MEADOW  RIVER,  r.  Maine,  which  runs 
into  Casco  Bay. 

MEADOW  RIVER,  r.  N.  America,  which 
runs  into  Lake  Huron.  Lon.  84°  .30'  W.;  lat. 
■JiV  3H'  N. 

MEADVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Crawford  co.  Pa. 
on  i' rcncli  Creek,  25  m.  W.  from  Franklin,  37 


s  of  6  feet 

1  into  Pclii- 
18  navigable 

I  enters  tlio 
wn  of  Three 

oth  sides  of 
ong  the  NE. 
3  in.  aboVc 
Majkinongc, 
wn  of  Three 
a. 
•land  CO.  N.  J. 

d  by  Giles  S. 
illiamson  N. 
an  width  20, 
Soil  execUent. 
imbia,  40  ni. 
1820,  22,141. 
)mW. 
)  tlio  Atlantic. 

VCO.N.Y.40 

514. 

in  Mason  co. 

,  and  runs  into 

ceater  co.  N.  J. 
Ken. 

.  Ken.  on  the 
|n,  60  NE.  from 
ti,  275  m.  by 
Pittsburg.    It 
is  situated  on 
of  a  chain  of 
itreets  running 
r  streets  cross- 
s  place  has  tlic 
manufactories, 
.  manufactured 
has  a  market- 
for  public  wor 
ildings.     What 
!  to  Maysvilk, 
of  importation 
The  greater 
from  Philadcl- 
rc  landed  here, 
state.     It  is  a 
mber  of  steam- 
-,-  2,040. 
of  justice,  Clw- 
"  of  Chatauque, 
Lake  Eric,  GO 
from  VV. 
on  the  Ohio 

ne,  which  runs 

\merica,  which 
143;)0'  W.;  lat- 

Crawford  co.  Pa. 
m  Franklin,  37 


MEA— MEN 


329 


S.  from  Erie,  and  297  from  W.  Lon.  80°  11' 
W.;  lat.  41°  37'  N.  The  village  ia  very  plea- 
eantly  situated,  regularly  laid  out,  and  contains 
a  court-house,  a  bank,  an  arsenal,  a  printing- 
office,  from  which  is  issued  a  weekly  newspa- 
per, a  social  library,  an  academy,  and  a  col- 
lege. Alleghany  college  was  founded  in  tliis 
place  in  1815:  it  has  a  library  of  8,000  vols, 
and  is  tolerably  well  endowed.  Commencement 
is  on  tlie  first  Wednesday  of  July,  after  which 
there  is  a  vacation  of  6  weeks ;  there  is  one 
other  vacation  from  Dec.  25th  to  Jan.  15th. 
Pop.  1,094. 

MEANSVILLE,  or  Towanda,  t  and  cap.. 
Bradford  co.  Pa.  on  the  eastern  branch  of  the 
Susqueliannah,  60  ni.  NW.  from  Wilkcsbarre 
It  contains  the  usual  county  building,  and  is  a 
place  of  some  trade.     Pop.  987. 
MEANSVILLE,  v.  Union  district,  S.  C. 
MECHANIC,  v.  in  Washington  township, 
Dutchess  CO.  N.  Y.  15J  m.  N.  from  Pough- 
keepsie.     Here  is  a  Quaker  boarding-school. 
The  building  is  3  stories  high,  aJid  accommo- 
dates 100  students. 

MECHANICS,  t.  Coshocton  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
353. 

MECHANICSBURG,  t.  Cumberland  co. 
Pa. 

MeCHANTCSBURG,  v.  Champaign  co. 
Ohio,  in  t;i-;  '  'n«hip  of  Goshen,  14  m.  E. 
from  Urbai)  I  .  from  Columbus.    Pop. 

99. 

MECHANi^.-^WN,    v,    Frederick    co. 
Md. 
MECHANICSVILLE,  v.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y. 
MECHANICSVILLE,  v.  Darlington  dis- 
trict, S.  C. 

MECKLENBURG,  co.  S.  side  of  Va.  bound- 
ed N.  by  Lunenburg  co.  E.  by  Brunswick  co. 
S.  by  N.  C.  and  W.  by  Halifax  and  Charlotte 
cos.    Pop.  20,366.    Chief  town,  Boydton. 

MECKLENBURG,  co.  N.  C.  bounded  by 
SO.  S.  and  SW.  by  Catawba  river  or  Lincoln 
CO.  N.  C.  NW.  Iredell  N.  Cabarras  NE,  and 
Anson  SE.  Length  45  m.  mean  width  18. 
Surface  rather  uneven.  Soil  near  the  streams 
excellent,  but  in  the  intervals  sterile.  It  is 
drained  by  several  creeks  flowing  SW.  into 
Catawba  river.  It  produces  grain,  cotton,  and 
tobacco.  Chief  town,  Charlotte,  130  m.  SW. 
by  W.  from  Raleigh.  Pop.  in  1820, 16,895;  in 
1830,  20,076. 

MEDFIELD,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  18  m. 
SW.  from  Boston.    Pop.  817. 

MEDFORD,  v.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  on  the 
Mystic  river,  5  m.  NW.  of  Boston. 

MEDFORD,  v.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  46  m. 
SE.  from  Trenton. 

MEDFORD,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  on 
Mystic  river,  4  m.  N.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,755. 
It  is  a  pleasant,  handsome,  and  flourishing 
town,  and  contains  a  grammar-school  for  lads, 
and  a  boarding-school  for  young  ladies,  and 
has  a  number  of  elegant  houses.  The  river 
is  navigable  for  vessels  of  considerable  size  to 
this  place,  where  it  meets  the  Middlesex  canal. 
MEDICINE,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs  E. 
into  the  Missouri,  13  m.  above  the  Great  Falle. 
2R 


MEDINA,  CO.  in  the  N.  part  of  Ohk),  bound- 
ed  on  the  N.  by  Cuyahoga,  E.  by  Portage,  S. 
by  Wayne,  and  W.  by  Huron  cos.  It  is  38 
in.  long  from  E.  to  W.  and  20  broad  from  N. 
to  S.  County-seat,  Medina  township.  Black 
and  Rocky  rivers  take  their  rise  in  this  co. 
Pop.  in  1820,  3,082;  in  1830,  7,560. 

MEDINA,  t.  and  seat  of  justice  for  Medina 
CO.  Ohio,  on  the  sources  of  the  Rocky  river,  26 
m.  SW.  from  Cleveland. 

MEDOMACK,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me. 

MEDWAY,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  about  25 
SW.  from  Boston,  and  about  the  same  dis- 


m 

tance  NE.  from  Providence,  R.  I. 

MEHERRIN,  r.  which  rises  in  Virginia, 
and  running  into  N.  Carolina,  unites  with  the 
Nottaway,  7  m.  below  the  line,  to  form  tlie 
Chowan  river. 

MEIGS,  CO.  Ohio,  bounded  E.  and  SE.  by 
Ohio  river,  S.  by  Gallia  and  Athens,  and  N.  by 
Athens.  Length  30  m.  brcadtli  very  unequal, 
from  12  to  22.  Surface  broken,  though  some 
of  tlic  soil  is  very  good.  Pop,  in  1820,  4,480 ; 
in  1830,  6,159",    Chief  town,  Salisbury, 

MEIGS,  SE,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio.   Pop. 
796. 
MEIGS,  t.  Adams  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,229. 
MEIGSVILLE,  t.  Morgan  co.  Ohio,  70  m. 
SE.  by  E,  from  Columbus,    Pop.  684. 

MEIGSVILLE,  v.  Randolph  co.  Va.  317  m. 
NW.  from  Richmond. 

MEIGSVILLE,  v.  Jackson  co.  Ten.  84  m. 
NE.  by  E.  from  Nashville. 

MELBOURNE,  L  Buckingham  co.  L.C.  on 
the  St.  Francis  river,  50  m.  S.  by  E.  from 
Three  Rivers.  ^ 

MELVILLE,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J. 
MELVILLE  ISLAND,  the  largest  of  the 
New  Georgia  islands,  135  m.  long  and  40  or  50 
broad,  in  the  Polar  Sea,  discovered  by  Capt. 
Parry.  In  Hecla  and  Griper's  Bay,  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  island,  the  expedition  under  the 
Captain  wintered,  in  1819-1820.  Cape  Dun- 
das,  the  W.  point,  is  in  lon.  113°  57'  35"  W. ; 
lat.  72=  27'  50"  N. 

MELTONSVILLE,  v.  Anson  co.  N.C.  132 
m.  SW.  frorfi  Raleigh. 

MEMPHIS,  v.  Shelby  co.  Ten.  on  the  Mia- 
sissippi  river.  It  is  situated  on  the  site  of  Old 
Fort  Pickering,  and  at  the  mouth  of  Loosa- 
hatchie  river. 

MEMPHREMAGOG,  lake,  America,  the 
greater  part  of  which  belongs  to  Canada,  and 
the  rest  to  the  state  of  Vermont.  It  is  35  m. 
long,  and  3  broad.  It  communicates  with  the 
St.  Lawrence,  by  the  river  St.  Francis,  and  re- 
ceives the  waters  of  Black,  Barton,  and  Clyde 
rivers,  which  rise  in  Vermont. 

MENAN,  Little,  isl.  Me.  with  a  light-house, 
2  m.  SSE.  from  Goldsborough. 

MENDHAM,  t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  6  m.  W. 
from  Morristown.     Pop,  1,314, 

MENDON,  t.  Worcester  co,  Mass.  E.  from 
the  Pawtueket,  19  m.  SE.  from  Worcester,  36 
SW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  3,152.  It  borders  on 
Rhode  Island,  and  is  watered  by  Charles  and 
Mill  rivers,  and  contains  a  cotton  manufactory, 
a  forge,  and  otlicr  valuable  mills. 


'■1   m 

M'Mk 


330 


MEN— M  EX 


IV  Slit) 

m 


in; 


"k '' 


I'*' ' 


II' 


W 


MENDON,  t.  Monroe  vo.  N.  Y.,  NW.  from 
Canandaipfim.     Pop.  3,07.'). 

MENOMINIE,  r.  Michigan  'I'cr.  runs  info 
Green  Bay,  fiO  m.  NE.  from  Kort  Howard.  It 
admits  vessels  drawinj;  G  or  7  feet  water,  and 
canoes  nsccnd  CO  Icajrucs. 

MENTOR,  t.  Gcanjra  co.  Oliio,  on  T,akc 
Erie,  on  W.  side  of  Paincsvillc.     Pop.  703. 

MENTOS,  t.  La.  on  the  Arkansas,  150  m 
SW.  from  New  Madrid.  Lon.  92^  40'  W. 
lat.  3.5°  27'  N. 

MENTZ,  I.  Cayujra  co.  N.  Y.  on  tlic  Erie 
canal,  12  m.  NW.  from  Auburn,  Pop.  4,144. 
In  this  town  is  the  villafro  of  Montezuma. 

MERCER,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  11  m.  VV. 
from  Norridgewick.     Pop.  1,210. 

MERCER,  CO.  Pa.  bounded  N.  by  Crawford 
CO.  E.  by  Venango  co.  S.  by  Heaver  co.  fuid  VV. 
by  Ohio.    Pop.  19,731.    Chief  town,  Mercer. 

MERCER,  bor.  and  seat  of  justice,  Mercer 
CO.  Pa.  on  the  W.  side  of  Nesiianoe  creek,  .57 
m.  a  little  W.  of  N.  from  Pittsburg,  267  from 
W.     Pop.  656. 

MERCER,  CO.  Ken.  bounded  by  Lincoln 
SE.  Casey  S.  Washington  W.  Franklin  N. 
Kentucky  river,  or  Woodford  and  Jessamine 
NE.  and  Garrard  or  Dick's  river  E.  Length 
26  m.  mean  width  14.  Pop.  in  1820, 15,587 ; 
in  1830, 17,706.    Chief  town,  Harrodsburg. 

MERCER,  CO.  Ohio,  bounded  W.  by  In. 
N.  by  Vauwert,  E.  by  Allen  and  Shelby,  and 
S.  by  Dark.  Length  25  m.  breadth  24.  Pop. 
1,110. 

MEREDITH,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  on  W. 
side  of  Lake  Winnij)iseogee,  29  m.  N.  from 
Concord,  63  N W.  *om  Portsmouth.  Pop.  2,683 
The  township  contains  a  nail  manufactory,  2 
distilleries,  and  4  houses  of  public  worship, 

MEREDITH,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  8  m. 
N.  from  Delhi,  66  W.  from  CatsWll,  69  SW. 
from  Albany.    Pop.  1,655. 

MERIDA,  city,  Mexico,  cap.  of  the  province 
<>f  Yucatan,  70  m.  NE.  from  Campcachy. 
Pop.  10,000. 

MERIDEN,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  17  m.  N, 
from  New  Haven,  17  S.  from  Hartford.  Pop, 
1,708.  It  contains  3  churches,  1  for  Congre- 
gationolists,  1  for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for 
Baptists.  Here  are  several  manufactories  of 
tin  ware. 

MERIDIAN,  V.  Madison  co.  Missouri. 

MERIDIANVILLE,  v.  Madison  co.  Al.  8 
m.  N.  from  Huntsville. 

MERMENTAU,  Me.\icana,  or  Muntou,  r. 
La.  which,  after  a  S.  course  of  200  m.  falls  into 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  200  m.  W.  of  the  Missis- 
Bippi.  In  the  lower  part  of  its  course,  it  ex- 
pands into  a  spacious  lake,  and  again  contracts 
to  a  small  river. 

MEROM,  t.  and  cap.  Sullivan  co.  In.  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  Wabash,  35  m.  above  Vincennes. 
Its  situation  is  elevated,  commanding  a  view 
of  the  prairie  country  for  30  m.  It  is  688 
m.  from  W. 

MERRIMACK,  r.  N.  H.  formed  by  the 
Union  of  the  Pcmigewasset  and  the  Winni- 
piserjg'ce.  It  rises  in  Grafton  co.  and  runs  in 
a  SR  direction  through  the  state.  It  then  en- 
ters  Masoachusettcs  makes  a  turn  to  the  NE. 


t: 


and  ertipties  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean  below 
N(!wbury|)ort.  It  is  navigable  to  Haverliill. 
'I'lic  Middles(!x  canal  eonncils  this  river  with 
Boston  liarlK)r,  and,  by  means  of  various  im- 
provements aroinid  the  rapids  and  fills  of  the 
river,  the  navigation  is  now  extended  as  high 
up  as  f'oncord. 

MERRI.VIA(^K,  r.  of  Miso.  rises  in  Frank- 
lin  CO.  flows  NE.  through  Franklin,  and  sepa- 
rating Jefferson  from  Sti  liOuis,  fills  into  the 
Mississippi,  5  m.  below  the  town  of  St.  Louis. 
MERRIMACK,  co.  N.  H.  formed  from  the 
towns  adjacent  to,  and  including  tlie  state 
capital.  Concord.     Pop.  31,(>19. 

3IERR1MACK,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.H.  6 
m.  E.  from  Amherst.     Pop.  1,191. 
MERRIMACK,  t.  Washington  co.  Miso. 
MKRRIMACK,  t.  Franldin  co.  Miso. 
MERRIMAC^K,  r.  Miso.  which  rises  in  tlin 
higlilands  E.  of  the  Gasconade,  and  falls  into 
the  Mississip|)i,  20  m.  below  St.  Louis. 
MERRnv'rOWN,  V.  Fayette  co.  Pa. 
MERRY  HILT-,  v.  Bertie  co.  N.  C. 
MERRYMEETlNii  BAY,  Me.  is  forme.) 
by  the  junction  of  the  Kennebeek  and  Andros- 
coggin rivers,  20  m.  from  tlie  sea. 

MERRYMEETIN(i  BAY,  N.  H,  the  SE. 
arm  of  Lake  Winnipiseogee,  extending  about 
5  m.  in  the  township  of  Alton. 

MERRY'S  ISLAND,  isl.  in  Hudson's  Bay. 
Lon.  93"  5'  W. ;  lat.  61°  52'  N. 

MERSEA,  t.  Essex  co.  U.  C.  on  Lake  Eric. 
MERUVAIS,  r.  NW.  Territory,  runs  into 
Lake   Superior.     It  interlocks   witJi  the  St. 
Croix,  a  water  of  the  Mississippi. 

MESOPOTAMIA,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  IG 
m.  NW.  ft'om  Warren. 

MESQUITAL,  t.  Mexico,  18  m.  NE.  from 
Guadalaxara. 

META,  r.  Arkansas,  which  traverses  the 
whole  length  of  the  Great  Prairie,  and  empties 
into  the  N.  side  of  Arkansas  river,  several  ni. 
above  the  post  of  Arkansas. 

METCALFBOROUGH,  v.  Franklin  co. 
T^GriTicsscc 

MEXICALTZINCO,  t.  Mexico,  6  m.  SE. 
from  Mexico. 
MEXICO,  Republic  of.  See  page  159. 
MEXK'O,  City  of,  capital  of  the  re|)ubiie 
bf  the  same  name,  is  situated  in  lat.  19'^  26' 
N. ;  lon.  from  W.  ^2^  5'  W.  on  or  near  the  W. 
shore  of  tlie  Lake  Tezeuco,  and  in  tlic  central 
part  of  the  valley  of  Tenochtillan,  and  also, 
nearly  at  mid-distance  between  Vera  Cruz  and 
Aeapulco.  The  site  of  Mexico  is  elevated 
7,470  feet  above  the  ocean.  The  ancient  city 
was  divided  into  four  quarters,  Teopan  or  Xo- 
chimilco,  Atzacualco,  Moyotla,  and  Creepopan ; 
and  the  old  limits  are  preserved  in  St.  Paul, 
St.  Sebastian,  St.  John,  and  St.  Mary.  The 
present  streets  have  for  the  most  part  the  same 
direction  with  the  old  ones,  running  from  N. 
to  S.  and  from  E.  to  W.  But  what  gives  the 
new  city  a  peculiar  and  distinctive  character, 
is,  that  it  is  situated  entirely  on  the  continent, 
between  the  extremities  of  the  two  Lakes  of 
Tezeuco,  and  Xochimilco,  and  that  it  only  re- 
ceives by  navigable  canals  the  fresh  water  of 
the  Xochimilco.    A  canal,  dug  at  a  prodigious 


u 


MEX-MID 


331 


ic  Ocean  below 
Ic  to  Ilaverliill. 
^  this  river  with 
H  of  various  iin- 
I  and  fiilis  of  the 
extended  as  iiigh 

).  rises  in  Frank- 
mklin,  and  scpa. 
lis,  falls  into  the 
)wn  of  St.  I.ouis. 
formed  iroin  th« 
liiding  tlie  state 
.9. 
rough  CO.  N.  H.  6 

i,iyi. 

igton  CO.  Miso. 

in  CO.  Miso. 

A'hich  rises  in  tiic 

,dc,  and  falls  intx) 

St.  Louis. 

ycttc  CO.  Pa. 

,  CO.  N.  C. 

,Y,  Me.  is  formed 

;beck  and  Andros- 

e  sea. 

,Y,  N.H.thcSE, 

,  extending  about 

on. 

,  in  Hudson's  Bay, 

'N. 

f.  C.  on  Lake  Eric. 

prritory,  runs  into 

cks   witlj  the  St. 

isippi. 

uiibull  CO.  Ohio,  16 

0, 18  m.  NE.  from 

lieh  traverses  the 
rairie,  and  empties 
s  river,  several  lu. 

V.  Franklin  co. 

Mexico,  6  m.  SE. 

See  page  159. 
Uil  of  the  republic 
,ted  in  lat.  19°  26' 
on  or  near  the  W. 
and  in  the  centnil 
ehtillan,  and  also, 
ecn  Vera  Cruz  and 
lexico  is  elevated 

The  ancient  city 
ers,  Teopan  or  Xo- 
ila,andCrecpopan; 
'served  in  St.  Paul, 
id  St.  Mary.  The 
most  part  the  same 
1,  running  from  N. 
Jut  what  gives  the 
dinctivc  character, 
y  on  the  continent, 
'  the  two  Lakes  of 
ind  that  it  only  re- 

the  fresh  water  of 
iug  at  a  prodigious 


expense,  under  the  niuuiituiuH,  contributes  to 
drain  it.  The  houses  are  iiuilt  on  piles,  us  the 
ground  is  by  no  means  firm.  The  streets, 
though  wide,  are  badly  paved.  The  houses  in 
this  strange  and  rich  vale  on  the  sununifs  of 
mountains,  are  as  magnificent  and  unique,  as 
the  position.  They  are  spacious,  and  built  of 
porphyry  and  amygdaloid.  Many  of  the  pal- 
aces and  private  mansions  have  an  imiw.sing 
show,  and  glitter  with  metallic  riches.  The 
cathedral  is,  perhaps,  the  richest  in  the  world. 
Altars,  candle-sticks  and  images  of  the  saints 
are  of  colossal  size,  and  solid  silver,  and  orna- 
mented with  precious  stones.  Palaces,  man- 
sions of  great  families,  beautiful  fountains  and 
extensive  squares,  adorn  the  interior  of  this 
city.  Near  the  suburbs,  to  tiic  north,  is  the 
alameda,  or  chief  promenade.  Round  this 
walk  flows  a  rivulet  forming  a  fine  square,  in 
the  centre  of  which  is  a  fountain,  with  a  basin. 
Eight  alleys  of  trees  terminate  here,  in  the 
form  of  an  altar.  The  detestable  Inquisition, 
finally  abolished  by  the  ex-emiwror  Iturbide, 
was  near  this  square.  This  superb  city  is  in- 
habited by  1 60,000  peoi)lc,  and  is  the  centre 
of  more  scientific  establishments  than  any 
other  Spanish  town  in  America. 

MEXICO,  Gulf  of,  a  large  bay  or  gulf  of 
tlie  Atlantic,  extending  from  llic  coast  of  Flor- 
ida  to  Yucatan,  iiliout  GOO  m.  and  from  Cuba 
to  the  coast  of  Mexico,  about  700. 

MEXICO,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.     Pop.  M\. 

MEXICO,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  on  Mexico 
Bay,  in  Lake  Ontario,  1.1  m.  E.  from  Oswego. 
Lat.  4.3'5  31'  N.    Pop.  3,671. 

MEXTITLAN,  t.  Mexico,  9.5  m.  ENE.  from 
.Mexico.     Lon.  98^  2'  W. ;  lat.  20°  37'  N. 

MIAMI,  r.  Ohio,  which,  aflcr  a  course  of 
100  miles,  enters  the  Ohio  near  the  south-west 
':orner  of  the  state.  It  is  navigable  7.'>  miles. 
There  is  a  ]>ortage  of  only  .')  miles  between 
its  head  waters  and  the  Auglaize,  u  river  of 
dake  Erie. 

MIAMI,  Little,  r.  Ohio,  which  joins  Ohio 
river,  7  m.  almve  CinciiTiiali.  In  Greene  co. 
there  are  remarkable  falls  in  the  river.  It  is 
one  of  the  best  mill-streams  in  the  state. 

MIAMI,  CO.  Ohio,  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Shelby,  E.  by  Champaign  and  Clarke  cos.  S.  by 
Montgomery,  and  VV.  by  Dark  co.  It  is  21  m. 
in  extent  from  N.  to  S.  by  20  from  E.  to  W. 
Cliief  town,  Troy.    Pop.  12,806. 

MIAMI,  V.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  I.')  m.  above 
the  mouth  of  Great  Miami  river,  and  16  W. 
from  Cincinnati.    Pop.  113. 

MIAMI,  t.  Greene  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  780. 

MIAMI'S  BERG,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio, 
12  m.  S.  from  Dayton. 

MIAMI  UNIVERSITY,  Oxford  t.  Butler 
CO.  Ohio. 

MIAMI,  western  t.  Logan  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
825. 

MICHAELS,  t.  and  cap.  Madison  co.  Miso. 
30  m.  SW.  from  Genevieve. 

MICHIGAN,  Lake,  U.  S.  260  m.  long,  55 
broad,  and  800  in  circumference,  containing, 
according  to  Hutchins,  10,368,000  acres,  or 
16,200  sq.  ms.  On  the  NE.  it  communicates 
with  Lake  Huron,  through  the  straits  of  Micliil- 


limackiiKK  k,  and  on  the  N\V.  it  ItriineheH  out 
into  two  imys,  one  euUed  No(|Uft'9  and  the 
other  Green  Bay.  The  lake  is  navigable  for 
ships  of  any  burden,  and  has  fish  of  various 
kinds,  particularly  trtiut,  of  a  large  size  and 
excellent  quality,  and  sturgeon.  \.nn.  84°  30' 
to  87=  W. ;  lat.  41=  S-V  to  45=  50'  N. 
MKJHKiAN  TERUITORY.  Sec  p.  151. 
MICFIILLIMACKINACK,  co.  Michigan. 
It  comprises  all  the  northern  part  of  the  Ter- 
ritory.  Michillimackinack,  or  Mackinack,  on 
the  island  of  that  name,  is  the  capital.  Pop. 
877. 

MICHILLIMACKINACK,  a  broad  river 
or  strait,  which  connects  I,akc  Huron  to  Lake 
Michigan.    It  is  6  m.  wide  and  20  or  30  long. 
MICHILLIMACKINACK,  district,  Michi- 
gan. 

MICHILLIMACKINACK,  Zi«/e,  r.  II. 
which  runs  NW.  into  tlie  Illinois,  13  m.  below 
the  Illinois  Lake.  It  is  about  170  m.  long, 
and  navigable' for  boats  90. 

MICHILLIMACKINACK,  or  Mackinack, 
isl.  and  fort,  sittiated  in  the  straits,  or  river, 
Michillimackinack,  200  m.  NNW.  from  De- 
troit.  Lon.  84°  30'  W. ;  lat.  45°  33'  N.  This 
fort  is  composed  of  a  strong  stockade,  is  neatly 
built,  and  exhibits  a  beautiful  appearance  from 
the  water.  The  ground  on  which  it  stands  is 
l.")!)  feet  above  the  lake,  and  100  yards  from 
the  shore.  The  village  near  the  fort  contains 
a  Roman  Catholic  church. 

MICHISCOUI,  r.  which  rises  in  Canada, 
runs  through  NW.  part  of  Vermont,  and  flows 
into  Lake  Champlain,  at  Michiscoui  Bay,  in 
Highgate. 

MIDDIiEBOROlJGH,t.  Plymouth  county, 
Mass.  10  m.  W.  from  Plymouth,  39  S.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  5,008.  This  is  a  large  township, 
and  contains  a  rolling  and  slitting-mill,  a  shovel 
manufactory,  2  fbrges,  2  furnaces,  2  cotton 
manufactories,  a  town-house,  an  academy,  and 
several  liouscs  of  public  worship,  for  Congre- 
gationalists  and  Baptists. 

MIDDLEBOROUGH,  v.  Wayne  co.  Pa. 
MIDDLEBROOK  MILLS,  v. Montgomery 
CO.  Md, 

MIDDLEBROOK,  t.  Augusta  co.  Va.  11  m. 
SW.  from  Staunton. 

MIDDLEBUIi(i,  t.  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.  10 
miles  S.  from  Schoharie,  35  W.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  3,266. 

MIDDLEBURG,  t.  Ix)udon  co.  Va.  32  m. 
SE.  from  Winchester. 

MIDDLEBURG,  t.  Frederick  co.  Md.  15  m. 
NE.  from  Fredcricktown. 
MIDDLEBURG,  t.  Nelson  co.  Ken. 
MIDDLEB[IF{G,  t.  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio. 
MIDDLEBURY,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
2,41.5. 

MIDDLEBURY,  t.  and  cap.  Addison  co. 
Vt.  on  both  sides  of  Otter  creeek ;  11  m.  SE. 
from  Vcrgenncs,  31  S.  from  Burlington,  32  N. 
from  Rutland,  51  SW.  from  Montpelier.  Lon. 
73=6' W.;  lat  44°  N.  Pop.  3,468.  Distance 
from  W.  483  m.  It  is  the  seat  of  various  im- 
portant manufactures,  especially  of  marble. 
Besides  the  usual  county  huildings,  it  contains 
two  flourishing  academies,  one  for  each  sex. 


vtyi 


332 


MID— MIT) 


if  t  n 


Beveral  churches,  and  Midc  Ichiny  Collcgo,  thi- 
most  considerable  seminar"  of  Icnrninj  in  the 
Btate.  It  has  a  president  and  S  professors — 
1  of  law,  1  of  matliematics  and  natural  pliiio- 
Bophy,  1  of  theology,  1  of  lanijuiifTcs,  an*!  1  of 
chemistry ;  and  2  tutors.  The  number  of  stu- 
dents  ranges  from  80  to  100.  The  total  num- 
ber of  those  wlio  have  boon  educated  at  this 
seminary,  and  have  received  tiic  degree  of  A.  B. 
in  1830  was  4!)5,  of  whom  193  had  devoted 
themselves  to  the  Christian  ministry.  The  li- 
braries contain  4,168  volumes.  The  com- 
mencement is  held  on  tlie  third  Wednesday  in 
August.  There  are  three  vacations;  one  from 
commencement,  4  weeks ;  one  from  the  first 
Wednesday  in  January,  7  weeks;  and  the  other 
frt)m  the  third  Wednesday  in  May,  2  weeks. 

MIDDLERURY,  v.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  187 
m.  NE.  from  C'olumbus. 

MIDDLEBURY  VILLAGE,  v.  on  the 
eastern  boundary  of  Genesee  eo.  N.  Y.  and  on 
Allen's  creek,  15  ni.  SSE.  from'Batavia.  This 
t  is  different  from  that  of  Middlebury  in  the 
same  township. 

MIDDLEBURY,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  22 
m.  NW.  from  New  Haven,  36  SW.  from  Hart- 
ford.   Pop.  816. 

MIDDLE  CREEK,  r.  Northumberland  co. 
Pa.  which  runs  E.  into  the  Susquehannah,  8  m. 
below  Sunbury. 

MIDDLEFIELD,  t.  Hampsliire  co.  Mass. 
24  ni.  W.  from  Northampton,  110  from  Boston. 
Pop.  721. 

MIDDLEFIELD,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  3  m. 
E.  from  Cooperstovvn,  35  SE.  from  Utica,  63 
W.  from  Albany. 

MIDDLE  FORK,  r.  Madison  co.  Ken. 
which  unites  with  the  river  Kentucky. 

MIDDLE  GRANVILLE,  v.  Hampshire 
CO.  Mass. 

MIDDLE  HADDAM,  v.  Middlesex  co.  Ct. 
on  E.  side  of  the  Connecticut,  in  the  township 
of  East  Haddam. 

MIDDLE  HERO,  t.  Grand  Isle  co.  Vt.  on 
an  island  in  Lake  Champlain,  22  m.  NNW. 
from  Burlington. 

MIDDLE  HOOK,  v.  Somerset  co.  N.  J.  on 
N.  bank  of  the  Raritan,  8  m.  NNW.  from  New 
Brunswick. 

MIDDLE  ISLAND  CREEK,  r.  Va.  whicli 
runs  into  the  Ohio. 

MIDDLE  LISTER,  small  island  in  Lake 
Eric,  lying  NW.  from  the  Bass  islands.  It  is 
one  of  the  three  called  Middle,  East,  and  West 
Lister,  though  bearing  from  each  other  NE. 
and  SW. 

MIDDLEPORT,  v.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y. 
MIDDLE  POINT,  cape  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Labrador.    Lon.  63°  W. ;  lat  59°  N. 

MIDDLE  RIVER,  r.  Md.  which  runs  into 
the  Chesapeake,  SW.  of  Gunpowder  river. 

MIDDLESEX,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  on 
Union  river,  5  m.  NW.  from  Slontpelier.  Pop. 
1,156. 

MIDDLESEX,  co.  Mass.  bounded  N.  by 
Hillsborough  co.  in  N.  H.,  NE.  by  Essex  co. 
in  Moss.  SE.  by  Suffolk,  Norfolk,  and  Boston 
harbor,  and  SW.  and  W.  by  Woicester ;  length 
40  m.  mean  width  20.    Chief  towns,  Cam- 


bridge and  Charlesfown.  Pop.  in  1820, 61,47C: 
in  1830,  77,;)G8. 

MIDDLESEX  CANAL,  Mass.  is  wholly 
witi  'n  the  eoimty  of  Middlesex,  and  connects 
Boston  harbor  with  Merrimack  river.  Sco 
page  55. 

MIDDLESEX,  co.  Ct.  bounded  by  Lontj 
Island  Sound  SE.  by  New  Haven  SW.  Hart- 
ford  NW.  and  N.  and  New  London  E.  Length 
28  m.  mean  widtli  12.  Connecticut  river  in- 
tersccts  it,  and  separates  it  into  two  seetimis. 
Chief  town,  Middletown.  Pop.  in  1820, 22,408 ; 
in  1830,  24,845. 

MIDDLESEX,  co.  N.  J.  bounded  E.  by  Sta- 
ten  Island  Kills  and  Raritan  Bay,  SE.  by  Mon- 
mouth CO.  SW.  by  Huntingdon  and  Burlintr- 
ton,  W.  by  Somerset,  and  N.  by  Essex.  Lengtii 
32  m.  mean  width  11.  Chief  town,  New 
Brunswick.  Pop.  in  1820,21,470;  in  18.^0, 
23  157. 

MIDDLESEX,  co.  Va.  bounded  SE.-  by 
Chesapeake  Bay,  SW.  by  Piankatank  river,  or 
Gloucester  and  King  and  Queen  cos.  NW.  by 
Essex,  and  NE.  by  Rappahannock  river. 
Iicngth  35  m.  mean  width  6.  Chief  town, 
Urbana.  Pop.  in  1820, 4,057 ;  in  1830,  4,122, 
of  whom  2,137  were  slaves. 

MIDDLE  STATES,  that  part  of  the  U.  S. 
lying  between  the  Hudson  and  Potomac  rivers : 
viz.  the  states  of  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  and  Maryland. 

MIDDLETON,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  48  m, 
NE.  from  Concord.     Pop.  562. 

MIDDLETON,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  9  m. 
NW.  from  Salem,  28  from  Boston.    Pop.  607. 
MIDDLETON,  t.  Delaware  eo.  N.  Y.  40 
m.  W.  from  Catskill.    Pop.  2,383. 
MIDDLETON,  t.  Norfolk  eo.  U.  C. 
MIDDLETON,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio,  20 
m.  W.  from  Zanesville. 

MIDDLETOWN,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  52  ni. 
N.  from  Bennington.    Pop.  919. 

MIDDLETOWN,  t.  Newport,  R.  I.  2  m. 
NE.  from  Newport,  28  SE.  from  Providence. 
Pop.  915. 

MIDDLETOWN,  city,  port  of  entry,  and 
cap.  of  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  is  pleasantly  situat- 
ed on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  river,  .31 
m.  from  its  mouth,  14  S.  from  Hartford,  2") 
NNE.  from  New  Haven,  325  from  W.  Lon. 
72=  54'  W. ;  lat.  41°  35'  N.  Pop.  6,892.  It 
is  a  pleasant  and  flourishing  town,  and  has 
considerable  trade  and  manufactures  of  cotton, 
woollen,  swords,  rifles,  &c.  Two  miles  from 
the  city,  there  is  a  lead-mine. 

MIDDLETOWN,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.15 
m.  SE.  from   Delhi,  73   SW.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  2,383. 
MIDDLETOWN,  v.  Orange  co.  IL  Y. 
MIDDLETOWN,  v.  in  Brookhaven,  N.  Y. 
MIDDLETOWN,  t.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J. 
S.  of  Raritan  Bay,  11  m.  NW.  from  Shrews- 
bury,  30  SW.  from  N.  York.    It  contains  an 
academy,  and  2  houses  of  public  worship. 
Pop.  5,128. 

MIDDLETOWN,  v.  Fayette  co.  Pa.  10  m. 
E.  from  Brownsville,  and  6  N.  from  Union- 
town. 
MIDDLETOWN,  Sullivan  co.  Ten. 


7/ 


MID— MIL 


333 


ge  CO.  ¥-.  Y. 
ookhaven,  N.  Y. 
mouth  CO.  N.  J. 
V.  from  Shrews- 
It  contains  an 
public  worship- 

tte  CO.  Pa.  10  m. 
N.  from  Union- 


MIDDLETOWN,  v.  Washington  co.  Pa. 
on  a  branch  of  Cross  creek,  liJ  in.  NVV.  from 
Washington. 

MIDDLETOWN,  v.  Newcastle  co.  Del. 
21  m.  SSW.  from  Wilmington. 

MIDDLETOWN,  v.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  on 
the  point  above  the  junction  of  Swctara  creek 
with  the  Susquehannah  river,  9  m.  below  Har- 
risbiirg,  and  27  NW.  from  Lancaster.  It  is 
an  ancient  village,  chiefly  inhabited  by  Ger- 
mans. 

MIDDLETOWN,  v.  Frederick  co.  Va.  on 
Cedar  creek,  14  m.  SW.  from  Winciicstcr. 

MIDDLETOWN,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Ken.  11 
m.  a  little  N.  from  E.  LoKisville. 

MIDDLETOWN,  t.  IJutlcr  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  Miami  river,  6  m.  below  Frank- 
lin, and  14  above  Hamilton. 

MIDDLETOWN,  v.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y. 
3  m.  NW.  from  Watcrford,  and  14  N.  from 
Albany. 

MIDDLETOWN  POINT,  v.  Middletown, 
N.  J.  on  a  small  creek  which  runs  into  Rari- 
tan  Bay,  14  m.  NW.  from  Shrewsbury.  It 
carries  on  some  trade  with  New  York. 

MIDDLETOWN  UPPER  HOUSES,  v. 
Middlesex  co.  Ct  immediately  adjoining  Mid- 
dletown. 

MIDDliEVILLE,  v.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y. 
90  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Albany. 

MIDDLEWAY,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Va.  85  m. 
NW.  from  W. 

MIDLAND,  district,  U.  C.  extends  from 
Lake  Ontario,  between  the  head  of  the  bay  of 
Quinte  and  the  mouth  of  Ganonoque  river, 
back  to  the  river  Ottawa. 

MIDWAY,  settlement.  Liberty  co.  Geo.  30 
m.  S.  from  Savannali,  9  W.  from  Sunbury. 
Its  first  settlers  were  from  Dorchester,  Mass, 
Here  is  a  handsome  Congregational  elmrch. 

MIFFLIN,  CO.  Pa.  bounded  by  Perry  SE. 
Huntingdon  SW.  and  W,  Centre  NW.  and 
Union  NE.  Length  39  m.  width  21.  Ciiief 
town,  Lewistown.  Pop.  in  1820,  16,818;  in 
1830, 21,529. 
MIFFLIN,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio. 
MIFFLIN,  the  westernmost  t.  of  Pike  co. 
Ohio. 

MIHAUATLAN,  t.  Mexico,   108  leagues 
SE.  from  Mexico.  Lon.  275°  15'  W.;  lat.  18° 
35'  N. 
MILAN,  V.  Dutchess  co.  N;  Y. 
MILAN,  V.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  123  m.  N.  from 
Columbus. 

MILFORD,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N,  H,  on 
the  Sowhegan,  2  m.  SW,  from  Amherst,  48 
NW,  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,303.  It  is  a  pleas- 
ant town,  and  contains  2  cotton  manufactories, 
and  2  houses  of  public  worship,  1  for  Congrc- 
gationalists,  and  1  for  Baptists, 

MILFORD,  t,  Kent  co.  Del.  on  the  N.  side 
of  MispilUon  creek,  which  falls  into  Delaware 
Bay,  12  m.  below,  19  m.  S.  by  E.  from  Dover, 
95  S.  from  Philadelphia. 

MILFORD,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  NW, 
from  Hamilton,    Pop.  1,808. 

MILFORD,  t.  and  cap.  Pike  co.  Pa.  on  the 
Delaware,  120  m.  above  Philadelphia.  The 
river  here  forms  a  good  harbor  for  boats. 


MILFORD,  t.  New  Haven  co.Ct.  on  Long 
Island  Sound,  9  m,  SW.  from  New  Haven. 
Pop.  2,25G.  The  village  contains  about  100 
liouses  and  3  churches.  The  harbor  has  suf- 
ficient depth  of  water  for  vessels  of  200  tons. 
The  amount  of  shipping  owned  here  is  about 
1,500  tons.  In  this  town  is  a  very  valuablu 
quarry  of  marble. 

MILFORD,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  S. 
from  Coopcrstown,  76  W,  from  Albany.  Pop. 
3,025. 

MILFORD,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  18  m. 
SE.  from  Worcester.    Pop.  1,380. 

MILFORD,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  34  m. 
NW.  from  Trenton. 

MILFORD  CENTRE,  v.  Worcester  co. 
Mass.  24  m.  SW.  from  Boston. 

MILLBOROUGH,  v.  Washington  co.  Pa. 
MILLBOROUGH,  v.  Bath  co,  Va,  172  m*. 
NW.  by  W.  from  Richmond, 

MILLBOROUGH,  v,  Sussex  co,  Va.  about 
30  m.  SE.  from  Petersburg. 

MILLBURY,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  6  ra. 
S.  from  Worcester.  It  contains  a  woollen 
manufactory,  a  saw-mill,  and  an  iron  manu- 
factory, a  rolling  and  slitting-mill,  a  nail  man- 
ufactory,  several  scythe-shops,  a  gun  manu- 
factory,  employing  40  or  50  workmen,  exten- 
sive  tanneries,  a  paper-mill,  oil-mills,  and  other 
valuable  mills.     Pop.  1,611. 

MILL  CREEK,  t  Coshocton  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
587. 

MILL  CREEK,  v,  Berkeley  co.  Va,  93  m. 
NW,  from  W, 

MILL  CREEK,  large  and  valuable  mill, 
stream,  rising  in  tlie  northern  part  of  Iiogan 
CO.  Ohio,  and  running  from  thence  in  an  E.  by 
S.  direction  into  the  W,  side  of  tlic  Scioto  river, 
6  m.  below  Fulton's  creek,  Delaware  co. 

MILL  CREEK,  large  mill-stream,  Butler 
and  Hamilton  cos.  Ohio,  running  S.  by  W. 
into  the  Ohio  river,  immediately  below  Cin- 
cinnati. 

MILLEDGEVILLE,  t.  Baldwin  co.  Geo. 
and  capital  of  the  state,  is  situated  on  the  W. 
bank  of  tlie  Oconee,  300  m.  by  the  curves  of 
the  river,  from  the  sea.  Though  in  the  upper 
country,  it  is  near  the  borders  of  the  low  coun- 
try. Its  situation  is  elevated  and  pleasant,  and 
central  to  a  fertile  and  populous  country.  It 
contains  a  state-house,  an  arsenal,  academy, 
court-house,  jail,  state  penitentiary,  2  printing- 
offices,  and  2  houses  of  public  worship,  1  for 
Baptists  and  1  for  Methodists.  The  state-house, 
arsenal,  and  penitentiary,  are  all  large  and  con- 
spicuous buildings.  It  is  87  m.  SW.  from  Au- 
gusta, 170  NW.  from  Savannah,  and  642  from 
W.  Pop.  1,599. 
MILLER,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  584. 
MILLER,  CO.  Arkansas  Ter.  Pt;]).  358. 
MILLERSBURG,  t  Dauphin  eo.  Pa.  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Susquehannah. 

MILLERSBURG,  t.  Bourbon  co.  Ken.  8  m. 
N.  from  Paris,  28  N.  from  Lexington.  Pop. 
470, 

MILLER'S  FERRY,  v,  Randolph  co.  II. 
MILLER'S  RIVER,  r.  Mass.  which  rises 
in  a  pond  in  Rindge,  N.  H.  and  after  a  SW. 
course  of  35  miles,  enters  Coimecticut  river  at 


334 


Mll^MIS 


lt»?' 

fli 

?'  ti 

IH     iHk 

^  !  n 

■1  ^    JB 

(:!: 

¥1  f 

.-iid 

IliA,', 

b   '■ 


Northfinld.  A  few  miles  riom  iln  moiitli  it  Iihh 
fallo,  where  the  wliolr;  fl<'Hccfil.  is  l\2  feet,  and 
that  lit  the  |)rinci|i!il  fttll  II  Ret. 

MILLERSTCJWN,  t.  I'erry  co.  I'li.  on  the 
Juniattn,  134  m.  W.  from  Piiiladelphia, 

MILLERSTOWN,  t.  Lchiph  co.  Pa.  on  a 
branch  of  Lehigh  river,  2(5  in.  SW.  from  Easton, 
47  NW.  from  Philadtjlphia. 

MILL  FARM,  v.  Caroline  co.  Va. 

MILL  (iR(^VE,  V.  Cabarras  co.  N.C. 

MILL  HALL,  v.  Centre  co.  Pa. 

MILL  HAVEN,  v.  Scrivcn  co.  Gca 

MILLSFIELD,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  7  m.  W. 
from  Umbagofr  Lake.  Pop.  33. 

MILLSTONE,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.  J.  on 
Millstone  creek,  a  S.  branch  of  the  Raritan, 
1 4  m.  N.  from  Princeton. 

MILLVILLE,  V.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J.  12 
m.  E.  from  Bridgetown.    Pop.  1,561. 

MILLVILLE,  V.  King  George  co.  Va. 

MILLVILLE,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio. 

MILLWOOD,  V.  Frederick  co.  Va. 

MILO,  V.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  145  m.  NE. 
from  Portland. 

MILO,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y, 

MILTON,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  on  Lake 
Champlain,  13  m.  N.  from  Burlington.  Pop, 
2,100. 

MILTON,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  30  miles 
NNVV.  from  Portsmouth,  40  ENE.  from  Con- 
cord.    Pop.  1,273. 

MILTON,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  7  m.  S- 
from  Boston.  Pop.  1,5(55,  It  is  a  pleasant 
town,  and  contains  an  academy,  several  paper- 
mills,  and  a  choeolate-mill.  It  is  watered  hy 
the  Ncponset,  whicii  is  navigable  to  this  town 
for  vessels  of  150  tons.  This  river  separates 
the  town  in  part  from  Dorchester.  The  pros- 
pect  from  Milton  hill  is  said  to  be  one  of  tlie 
finest  in  America. 

MILTON,  or  King's  Ferry,  v.  Ca)ruga  co. 
N.Y. 

MILTON,  t.  Northumberland  co.  Pa.  on 
W.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  15  m.  N.  of 
Sunbury. 

MILTON,  v.  Sussex  co.  Del.  situated  on 
Broadkill  creek,  about  7  m.  from  its  mouth, 
and  30  S.  by  E.  from  Dover. 

MILTON,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.Y.  30  m.  N. 
from  Albany.  Pop.  3,079.  It  contains  valuable 
mills,  a  woollen  manufactory,  and  5  houses  for 
public  worship. 

MILTON,  t.  Richelieu  co.  L.  Canada,  in  the 
great  bend  of  the  Riviere  a  la  Tortue,  35  m.  E, 
from  Montreal. 

MILTON,  large  v.  Litchfield  co.  Ct,  5  m. 
W.  of  Litchfield.  In  this  village  there  is  an 
elegant  Gothic  church,  belonging  to  the  Epis- 
copalians, built  after  the  draught  of  Trinity 
church  in  New  York. 

MILTON,  v.  on  Hudson  river,  in  the  SE. 
part  of  Ulster  co.  N.Y.  11  m.  above  Ncwburgh. 

MILTON,  V.  Morris  co.  N.J.  68  m.  N.  of 
Trenton. 

MILTON,  V.  Albemarle  co.  Va.  on  the  Ri- 
vanna  river,  5  m.  below  Charlotteville. 

MILTON,  v.  Rockingham  co.  N.C. 

MILTON,  t.  Jackson  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  546. 


MILTON,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  SW.  of 
Troy.    Pop.  18. 

y\  I  LT(  >N,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  l,|5fi. 

iMH/l'ON,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Olrio.    Pop.  [iCAu 

M I LTON,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  1 1  m.  NE.  of 
Wooster.     Pop.  843. 

MINDEN,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
IVIohawk,  25  m.  W.  from  Joimstown,  62  W. 
from  Albany.  Pop.  2,567.  It  contains  three- 
Dutch  Reformed  churches. 

MINDEN,  v.  Ontario  co.  N.Y. 

MINEIIEAD,  t  Essex  co.  Vt  on  Connecti. 
cut  river,  58  m.  NE.  from  Montpelier. 

MINERAL  tXlRK,  r.  Miso.  a  branch  of 
Big  river,  which  flows  into  the  Merrimack. 

MINE  RIVER,  r.  Howard  co.  Miso.  which 
flows  into  tiic  S.  side  of  the  Missouri,  200  m. 
above  its  mouth.    It  is  navigable  40  miles. 

MINERVA,  t  Essex  co.  N.  Y.,  SW.  of 
Elizabethtown.    Pop.  358. 

MINERVA,  t.  Mason  co.  Ken.  13  m.  from 
Washington. 

MINGAN  ISLANDS,  islands  near  the  S. 
coast  of  Labrador,  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
30  m.  W.  from  Anticostl.  Lon.  64°  W. ;  lat 
50°  15'  N. 

MINISINK,  t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  W. 
of  Goslien,  25  W.  of  Newburgh.    Pop.  4,979. 

MINISINK,  t  Sus.sex  co.  N.  J.  on  tlie  Del. 
aware,  5  m.  below  Montague,  57  NW.  from 
New  Brunswick. 

MINITOBA,  lake,  Canada,  100  m.  long,  and 
from  10  to  15  wide.  Lon.  100°  20'  W. ;  lat. 
50°  40'  N. 

MINOT,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Me.  on  the' An- 
droscoggin, 33  m.  N.  of  Portland.    Po]).  2,908. 

MIRAMACITI,bay  and  river  of  the  E.  coast 
of  New  Brunswick,  60  m.  S.  from  Chalcur  Bay. 
The  river  rises  about  120  m.  inland. 

MISSASSAGA  ISLAND,'  U.  C.  lies  oppo. 
site  tiio  mouth  of  the  Trent,  and  about  tlic 
same  distance  from  the  portage  at  the  head  of 
the  Bay  of  Quinte. 

MISSASSAGA  POINT,  U.  C.  in  the  t.  of 
Newark,  lies  on  the  W.  side  of  the  entrance  of 
the  river  Niagara,  and  opposite  the  fortress  of 
Niagara. 

MISSASSAGA  RIVER,  r.  U.  C.  rnns  into 
Lake  Huron,  between  le  Serpent  and  Thes.sa- 
lon  rivers,  on  the  N.  shore. 

MISSIGUINNIPPI  LAKE,  lake,  Canada, 
100  m.  N.  from  Quebec.  Lon.  71°  30'  W.; 
lat.  48°  3'  N. 

MISSIGUINNIPPI  RIVER,  r.  Canada, 
which  runs  into  the  Saguenay.  Lon.  71°  10' 
W. ;  lat.  48°  22'  N. 

MISSISQUE,  r.  in  Vt.  runs  into  Missisque 
Bay  in  the  NE.  part  of  Lake  Champlain. 

MISSISSIPPI,  one  of  the  U.  States.  See 
page  115. 

MISSISSIPPI,  a  •  river  of  the  U.  S.  This 
magnificent  stream  has  already  been  the  sub- 
jeet  of  so  many  minute  descriptions,  that,  to 
give  the  reader  a  correct  account  of  it  without 
considerable  repetition,  would  be  scarcely  pos- 
sible It  rises  in  high  table-land,  in  the  great 
Northwestern  Territory  W.  of  Lake  Superior. 
A  mcdiuin  of  the  authorities  respecting  the 


MIS— MIS 


335 


liio,  8  111.  SW.  of 


Ken.  13  m.  from 


of  the  U.  S.  This 
ready  been  the  sub- 
iescriptions,  that,  to 
ccount  of  it  without 

uld  be  searcely  pos- 
ile-land,  in  the  great 
/.  of  Lake  Superior, 
ities  rcBpecting  the 


point  of  its  origin,  would  fr'ive  it  to  be  in  lat. 
47°  47'  N.  though  in  Blinking  of  tlio  source 
of  large  rivers,  which  arc  formed  of  a  great 
number  of  tributaries,  it  is  not  oflen  ])OHHil)le 
to  say,  precisely,  which  particular  branch  car- 
ries the  most  water,  or  ought  to  be  called  the 
parent  stream.     It  is  1,600  ni.  from  its  source 
to  its  junction  with  the  Missouri,  and  1,310 
from  that  junction  to  its  mouth  at  the  Gult  of 
Mexico,  making  its  whole  length  2,!U0  m.  Its 
general  course  is  south.     Its  most  important 
branches,  begirming  at    its   iiioutli,  are  the 
Red  river,  the  Arkansas,  and  the  Missouri,  on 
the  west,  the  latter  of  which  is,  by  far,  the 
greatest  tributary  which  it  receives.     Its  two 
principal  branches  on  the  cast,  arc  the  Ohio 
and  the  Illinois.  Ships  rarely  ascend  the  Mis- 
sissippi  higher  than  Natchez,  wiiicli  is  .332  ni. 
by  the  river,  above  New  Orleans,  but  it  is  navi- 
gated  by  steam-boats  to  the  Falls  of  St.  An- 
thony, a  distance  of  more  than  2,000  m.  from 
its  mouth.    Down  these  falls,  the  river,  which 
i8  here  about  half  a  mile  wide,  precipitates  its 
waters  in  a  perpendicular  descent  of  sixteen 
or  seventeen  feet.     For  a  long  distance  fcclow 
these  falls,  it  is  a  clear,  placid,  and  beautiful 
etream,  with  wide  and  fertile  bottoms.     Its 
medial  current  is  not  more  than  2  m.  an  hour 
from  the  falls  to  the  mouth  of  tlie  Missouri,  ex- 
cept at  the  rapids,  a  few  miles  below  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Des  Moines,  which  are  about  0  m. 
in  length,  and  arc  a  considerable  impediment 
to  the  navigation  during  a  part  of  the  summer. 
Where  it  receives  the  Missouri,  it  is  a  mile 
and  a  half  wide.    The  Missouri  itself  enters 
with  a  mouth  not  more  than  half  a  mile  wide, 
The  united  stream  below,  has  thence,  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Ohio,  a  medial  width  of  little 
more  than  three  quarters  of  a  mile.    This 
mighty  tributary  seems  rather  to  diminish  than 
increase  its  width ;  but  it  perceptibly  alters  its 
depth,  its  mass  of  waters,  and,  what  is  to  be 
regretted,  wholly  changes  its  character.     It  is 
no  longer  the    gentle,  placid    stream,  with 
smooth  shores  and  clean  sand-bars ;  but  has  a 
furious  and  boiling  current,  a  turbid  and  dan- 
gerous moss  of  sweeping  waters,  jagged  and 
dilapidated  shores,  and,  wherever  its  waters 
have  receded,  dcjwsits  of  mud.     Below  the 
Missouri  its  rapidity  should  be  rated  consider- 
ably higher  than  has  been  commonly  done.  Its 
medial  rate  of  advance  is  perhaps  four  miles 
an  hour.    The  bosom  of  the  river  is  covered 
with  prodigious  boils,  or  swells,  that  rise  with  a 
whirling  motion,  and  a  convex  surface,  two  or 
three  rods  in  diameter,  and  no  inconsiderable 
noise,  whirling  a  boat  perceptibly  from  its 
track.  In  its  course,  accidental  circumstances 
shift  the  impetus  of  its  current,  and  propel  it 
upon  the  point  of  an  island,  bend,  or  sand-bar. 
In  these  instances,  it  tears  up  the  islands,  re- 
moves the  sand-bars,  and  sweeps  away  the 
tender  alluvial  soil  of  the  bends,  with  all  their 
trees,  and  deposits  the  spoils  in  another  place. 
At  the  season  of  high  waters,  nothing  is  more 
familiar  to  the  ear  of  the  people  on  the  river, 
than  the  de6p  crash  of  a  land-slip,  in  which 
larger  or  smaller  masses  of  the  soil  on  the 
I'anks,  with  all  the  trees,  arc  plunged  into  the 


stream.    Tlin  circnmstances  that  change  the 
asiH!ct  and  current  of  the  river,  are  denomi- 
nated, in  the  vocubulury  of  the   watermen, 
chutes,  raciH,  chains,  sawyers, planters,  points 
of  islands,  wroek-licaps,  and  cypress-ix^nds.  It 
occurs  more  than  once,  tliat  in  moving  round 
a  curve  of  twenty-five  or  thirty  miles,  you  will 
return  so  near  tlic  point  whence  you  started, 
tlmt  you  can  return  i)ack  to  that  point,  by  land, 
in  less  than  a  mile.    There  are,  at  present, 
Ixjnds  of  this  sort  on  the  Missouri  and  the  Mis- 
sissippi, particularly  at  Tunica  bend,  where 
you  move  round  a  curve  of  thirty  miles,  and 
come  back  to  the  [loint,  where  you  see  through 
the  trees,  and  at  the  distance  of  three  quarters 
of  a  mile,  the  jKiint  whence  you  departed.  The 
divinity  most  frequently  invoked  by  Iwatmen, 
scenis  to  have  ini[)arted  liis  name  ollcner  than 
any  other  to  the  dangerous  places  along  the 
river.      'I'lic   "devil's"    raco-paths,    tea-table, 
oven,  &c.  are  places  of  diiheult  or  hazardous 
navifration,  that  frequently  occur.     They  are 
serious  impediments  to  the  navigation  of  this 
Boblc  stream.   Such  is  its  character  from  Mis- 
souri to  the  Bali/c;  a  wild,  furious,  whirling 
river — never   navipatcd   safely,    exccjit   with 
great  caution.     On  the  immense  wreck-lieaps, 
where  masses  of  logs,  like  considerable  hills, 
are  piled  together,  the  numerous  wrecks  of 
lioats,  lying  on  their  sides  and  summits,  nut'- 
ficiently  attest  the  character  of  the  river,  and 
remain  standing  mementoes  to  caution,  iioatu 
propelled  by  steam-power,  which  can  b(^  chang- 
ed in  a  moment,  to  reverse  the  impulse  and 
direction  of  tlie  boat,  are  exactly  calculated  to 
obviate  the  dangers  of  this  river.     No  person 
who  descends  this  river  for  the  first  time,  re- 
ceives clear  and  adequate  ideas  of  its  grandeur, " 
and  the  amount  of  water  which  its  carries.  If 
it  be  in  the  spring,  when  tJie  river  below  the 
mouth  of  the  Ohio  is  generally  over  its  banks, 
although  the  sheet  of  water  that  is  making  its 
way  to  the  gulf  is,  j)erliaps,  tliirty  miles  wide, 
yet  finding  its  way  through  dce|)  forests  and 
swamps  that  conceal  all  from  the  eye,  no  ex- 
panse of  water  is  seen,  but  the  width  that  is 
curved  out  between  the  outline  of  woods  on 
either  bank ;  and  it  seldom  exceeds,  and  oflener 
falls  short  of  a  mile.     But  when  he  sees,  in 
descending  from  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  that 
it  swallows  up  one  river  afler  another,  with 
mouths  as  wide  as  itself,  without  afTecting  its 
width  at  all;  when  he  sees  it  receiving  in 
succession  the  mighty   Missouri,  the   broad 
Ohio,  St.  Francis,  White,  Arkansas,  and  Ked 
rivers,  all  of  them  of  great  depth,  length,  and 
volume  of  water ;  when  he  sees  tliis  mighty 
river  absorbing  them  all,  and  retaining  a  vol- 
ume apparently  unchanged — he  begins  to  esti- 
mate rightly  the  increased  depths  of  current, 
that  must  roll  on  in  its  deep  channel  to  the 
sea.     From  the  sources  of  the   river  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Missouri,  the  annual  flood  ordi- 
narily commences  in  March,  and   does  not 
subside  until  the  last  of  May ;  and  its  medial 
height  is  fifteen  feet.    At  the  lowest  stages, 
four  feet  of  water  may  be  found  from   the 
Rapids  of  Des  Moines  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Missouri.    Between  that  point  and  the  mouth 


^tm 


fe' 


330 


MIS— MOB 


m 


I. 


I' 


.•'. 


.{/ 


^ 


of  tlic  Ohio,  there  lire  six  feci  in  the  chiinm-l 
of  1 1 10  BhallowcHt  placcH  nt  low-water,  and  the 
annual  inundation  may  bccHtimatcd  at  twenty, 
five  feet.  Ik'twcen  tlie  mouth  of  the  ( )hio  and 
the  8t.  Francis,  there  are  various  shoal  places, 
where  pilots  nre  often  |)crplexed  to  find  a  suf- 
ficient depth  of  water,  wlwn  the  river  is  low. 
H<'low  that  |K)int,  there  is  no  difficulty  for  ves- 
scIh  of  any  draught,  except  to  find  the  right 
cliannel.  H(;low  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  tiie 
medial  flood  is  fifty  feet;  the  highest,  sixty. 
Above  Natchez,  the  flood  begins  to  decline. 
At  Baton  Rouge,  it  seldom  exceeds  thirty  feet ; 
nnd  at  New  Orleans,  twelve.  Some  have  sup- 
|)0Hed  this  gradual  diminution  of  the  flood  to 
result  from  the  draining  of  the  numerous 
cflluxes  of  the  river,  that  convey  away  such 
considerable  portions  of  its  waters,  by  separate 
channels  to  the  sea.  To  this  should  be  added, 
no  doubt,  the  check  which  the  river  at  this 
distance  begins  to  feel  from  the  reaction  of  tlu 
sea,  where  this  mighty  mass  of  descending 
waters  finds  its  level.  The  navigation  upon 
tliis  river  is  very  great.  The  number  of  steam- 
boats upon  the  MissiHsip[)i  and  its  tributaries 
is  about  300.  Their  size  is  from  540  tons 
downward.  The  passage  from  ('ineinnati  to 
New  (Orleans  and  back,  has  been  made  in  19 
days.  From  New  Orleans  to  Louisville  the 
shortest  passage  has  been  8  days  and  2  hours, 
the  distance  being  1,650  m.  and  against  the 
current  The  steam-boats  have  generally 
liigh-pressure  power,  and  many  fatal  explo- 
sions have  happened  upon  these  waters.  The 
first  steam-vessel  hero  was  built  in  1810.  New 
Orleans  is  the  out-port  of  this  river,  and  the 
largest  city  on  its  banks.  Its  waters  pass  into 
the  Gulf  by  several  channels  which  intersect 
a  flat  marshy  tract.  The  main  entrance  is  at 
tlie  }3alize. 

MISSISSIPPI,    t.  Phillips   co.   Arkansas 
Territory. 

MISSOURI,  one  of  the  U.  S.  Sec  p.  146. 
MISSOURI,  the  longest  river  in  N.  Ameri- 
ca,  is  formed  of  three  principal  branches,  tiic 
Jeflferson,  Madison,  and  Gallatin,  which  rise 
among  the  Rocky  Mountains,  between  42° 
and  48^  N.  lat.  and  unite  at  one  place  in  lat. 
45°  10'  N.  and  Ion.  110°  W.  From  this  con- 
fluence,  its  course  is  northerly  about  250  m. 
to  the  Great  Falls ;  thence  easterly  to  the  Man- 
dan  villages ;  thence  it  runs,  first  S.  and  then 
SE.  to  its  junction  with  the  Mississippi,  in  Ion, 
90°  W.  and  lat.  38°  51'  N.  Its  whole  length, 
from  its  source  to  the  Mississippi,  is  3,217  m 
Although  it  loses  its  name  at  its  confluence 
with  the  latter,  it  is  much  the  longer  stream 
of  tlie  two,  bi't  the  Mississipj)!  having  been 
first  discovered  and  explored,  it  has  retained 
its  name  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  This  error 
bein^  now  past  remedy,  the  Missouri  must  be 
considered  as  a  tributary  of  tlie  Mississippi. 
If  we  add  to  the  Missouri  the  lengtli  of  the 
Mississippi  below  their  confluence,  we  have  a 
river  4,490  m.  in  length,  which  exceeds  by 
nearly  1,000  m.  any  other  river  on  the  globe. 
During  this  whole  distance  there  is  no  cata- 
ract cr  considerable  impediment  to  the  navign- 
tion,  except  at  the  Gieat  Falls,  which  are  2,575 


m.  from  tlie  MissiKsippi.  At  these  falls,  the 
river  descends,  in  the  distance  of  18  m.  362  ft. 
The  first  great  pitch  in  ascending  the  river  is 
98  feet ;  the  second,  19 ;  the  third,  47 ;  and 
tiie  fourth,  20.  The  width  of  the  river  is  here 
about  350  yards,  and,  from  every  dcseription, 
the  cataracts  are,  next  to  those  of  Niagara,  the 
grandest  in  the  world.  About  100  ni,  above 
the  falls,  is  the  plac  called  the  Gates  of  tiic 
Rocky  Mountains.  The  rocks  here  rise  per- 
j)cndicularly  from  the  water's  edge,  to  tlic 
height  of  nearly  1,200  feet,  through  a  distance 
of  more  than  5  m.  and  the  river  is  compresspd 
to  the  width  of  150  yards.  Notliing  ran  Ix; 
imagined  more  glooiny  tlian  the  passage 
through  this  dark  chasm. 

MISSOURI,  t.  Hempstead  co.  Arkansas 
Territory. 

MISSOURI,  t.  Clarke  co.  Arkansas  Terri- 
tory. 

MISSOURITON,  t.  Howard  co.  Misn. 

MlS'l'AKEN  POINT,  a  promontory  on  tlic 
W.  of  Cape  Race,  at  the  SE,  jwint  of  the  isl- 
and of  Newfoundland. 

MISTASSIN,  Lake,  a  lake  of  New  Britain, 
lying  E.  of  the  S.  part  of  James'  Bay,  and  sur- 
rounded  by  mountains  called  the  Great  Miii- 
tassins.  It  is  above  250  m,  in  circuit,  of  a 
very  irregular  shape,  being  much  intersected 
by  long  and  narrow  projections  of  land,  and 
ctmtains  several  islands.  It  is  formed  of  tlie 
Mistassin  and  other  rivers  from  the  moun- 
tains, and  its  outlet  is  the  river  Rupert. 

MOBILE,  ci^y  and  port  of  entry,  and  cap. 
of  Mobile  co.  Alabama,  is  situated  on  the  west- 
cm  channel  of  Mobile  river,  near  its  entrance 
into  Mobile  bay.  It  is  1,033  m.  from  W. 
226  S.  from  Tuscaloosa,  33  N.  from  Mobile 
point,  15  WNW.  from  Blakely,  50  WNVV. 
from  Pensacola,  40  by  water  below  Fort  Stod- 
dart.  Lat.  30°  40'  N.  Pop.  3,194.  Mobile 
is  the  only  town  of  any  great  importance  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  state.  It  is  situated  con- 
siderably above  the  overflow  of  the  river,  in  a 
dry  and  pleasant  situation.  Access  to  it  is  ren- 
dered somewhat  difficult  to  vessels  by  a  swampy 
island  opposite  the  town.  But  when  once  they 
have  entered,  they  arc  perfectly  secure  from 
winds,  storms,  and  .-enemies ;  and  can  come 
directly  to  the  town.  It  has  swampy  lands  and 
stagnant  waters  back  of  it,  and  near  it  a 
sterile  country  of  pine  woods.  From  these 
causes,  though  it  had  been  one  of  the  earliest 
settled  towns  in  the  country,  it  never  became, 
under  the  Spanish  and  French  regime,  more 
than  a  military  post.  Under  the  government 
of  the  United  States,  it  has  received  a  new  im- 
pulse of  prosperity.  But  a  few  years  since, 
little  cotton  was  raised  in  the  whole  country 
connected  with  Mobile ;  and  none  was  export- 
ed directly  from  this  place.  It  is  now  a  great 
shipping  port  for  cotton ;  and  a  large  number 
of  square-rigged  vessels  take  their  freight  from 
this  city.  There  is  no  other  port,  perhaps,  in 
the  United  States,  of  the  same  si/e,  that  has  so 
large  an  amount  of  export.  After  New  Or- 
leans and  Charleston,  it  is  the  largest  cotton 
port  in  the  co\mtry.  It  is  enlivened,  too,  by 
the  coming  and  departing  of  many  steam- 


MO»-.M().\ 


337 


liene  TallH,  the 

18  m.  ;)ti2  ft. 
ijr  the  riser  is 
liril,  47 ;  and 
c  river  m  Iktc 
ry  description, 
)f  Niagara,  the 

100  111.  above 
ic  Gates  of  tlic 

here  rise  per- 
i  edge,  to  the 
)Ugh  a  distance 
r  is  compressed 
Jothing  can  be 
(1   the    passage 

1  CO.   Arkansas 

Arkansas  Terri- 

■d  CO.  Miso. 
•omontory  on  tlic 
point  of  the  isl- 

;  of  New  Britain, 
ea'  Bay,  and  sur- 
thc  Great  Miv- 
.  in  circuit,  of  a 
much  interseclcil 
..ons  of  land,  and 
is  formed  of  tlic 
from  the  moun- 
ter Rupert, 
f  entry,  and  cap. 
uatcd  on  the  west, 
,  near  its  entrance 
)33   m.  from  Vi. 
I  N.  from  Mobile 
,kely,  50  WNW. 
r  below  Fort  Stod- 
)p.  3,194.    Mobile 
cat  importance  in 
It  is  situated  con- 
of  the  river,  in  a 
Access  to  it  is  rcn- 
cssels  by  a  swampy 
|ut  wlien  once  they 
Tectly  secure  from 
ts ;  and  can  eome 
swampy  lands  and 

it,  and  near  it  a 
liods.    From  these 
[one  of  the  earliest 
, ,  it  never  became, 
.•ench  regime,  more 
[or  the  government 
received  a  new  im- 
a  few  years  since, 
the  whole  country 
id  none  was  export- 
I    It  is  now  a  great 
nd  a  large  number 
c  their  freight  from 
icr  port,  perhaps,  m 
,me  size,  that  has  so 
t.    After  New  Or- 
the  largest  cotton 
Pnlivenrd,  too,  nv 
ig   of  many  steam- 


hoals,  tii'il  ply  on  llir  ni)bl<'  river  !iIh>v(!  the 
I'llv.  Ill  iiddit loll  to  tlif  irrciit  ninnlM'rof'packet- 
s(  liooiuTH  thill  Hiiil  liclwecM  this  place  uiid 
New  Orleans,  soiiii;  liy  the  lake,  and  some  by 
the  .MisHissip|)i,  tlien^  is  now  a  slcani-boat  coin- 
iiiiiiiicntidn  Ulweeii  the  two  cities,  by  tin;  way 
nl"  lake  I'oncliartrain.  <  )|' course,  e.\e(>pl  du- 
ring' tiic  sickly  months,  it  is  a  place  ol"  ;,'reat 
;ietivity  and  business.  'I'Ih;  public  l)iiil(liiij>''< 
are  a  court-house  and  a  jail,  lour  churelieH,  one 
i;)r  Koninii  ('atliolies,  oiu;  ibr  Ejiiscopalians, 
one  tor  I'rcsbyferiims,  and  one;  tor  .Methodists. 


MoDCrrSt.  Clinton  CO.  N.Y. 
M(  M)|;s|"l"(  »\VN,  V.  Aceomack  co.  Va. 
.M< )ri  ri'S  .<!•( )U i;,  v.  Columbia  ro. N.  Y. 
•MOIIAW  K,  r.  N.  H.  which  runs  W.  into 

the  ( 'onni'clieiil,  in  Culebrook. 

MOHAWK,  r.  N.  Y.  which  rises  alwut  20 
ni.  N.  iVoni  IJ-onie.  It  tlows  into  the  Hudson 
by  .'{ ininttliH  between  \\  atei  tbrd  and  Troy.  It« 
length  troni  lk'>nie  tn  the  lludt^on  is  about  117 
ni.  It  is  connected  with  Wood  creek,  by  a 
canal  I.^  milcH  loujr.  'I'here  arc  also  r-imals  at 
(ieriiian  Flats  and  Herkimer.    A  l)oat  naviga- 


AKonianCntlmlic  colIegeiscrcctin<ratS|)rin}ritioa  has  been  opened  for  several  years  from 


Hill,  six  miles  from  the  city,  it  exported,  in 
lr31,  11(1,000  bacrs  of  cotton.  It  has  the  di,s. 
advantage  of  a  shallow  harbor,  which  is  more 
over  irrowiw/  siiallower  by  tlii^  sand  de|)osited 
by  the  rivfrs.  The  most  fatal  impediment  to 
the  advai'coni'  nt  of  this  town  is  its  acknow- 
liil(re(l  eliar.Jcter  for  sickness. 

.MOHILF^,  r.  Alabama,  is  formed  by  the 
union  of  the  Alabama  and  Tombigliee,  40  m. 
above  Mobile.  After  a  coarse  of  3  in.  it  di- 
vides niid  enters  Mobile  bay  in  several  chan- 
nels. The  main  western  channel  is  called  the 
Mobile;  tin;  main  eastern  cliaunel  is  the  dcep- 
(st  and  widest,  and  is  called  the  Tensaw.  Tiie 
lastern  channel  passes  by  JJIakcly. 

MOBILH,  CO.  Al.  bounded  by  the  (Julf  of 
Mexico  S.  Mississipi)i  W.  Baldwin  and  Mon- 
nx'  cos.  in  Al.  N.  and  We.st  Florida  E.  Ijen<fth 

>  ni.  mean  width  4.1.  Chief  towns.  Mobile 
;i:mI  HIakcly.     Pop.  in  lci-.](),  2,G7:i;  in  1«30, 

:iiiTi. 

MOBILE  BAY,  a  bay  at  the  mouth  of  Mo- 
liilc  river,  30  in.  lonjf,  and,  on  an  uverajjc,  12 
liroad.  It  conmimiicatcs  witli  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  by  two  straits,  one  on  each  side  of 
Ihainhin  island.  The  strait  on  the  \V.  side 
v.i.'l  not  admit  the  |)asijajrc  of  ves.'iels  drawing 
iii'irc  than  five  fiet  of  water ;  that  on  the  E. 
•iilr,  lietwecn  the  island  and  Mobile  point,  ha.s 
I'^tletof  water,  and  the  cliaunel  passes  with- 
M  a  few  yards  of  the  point.  There  is  a  bar 
liort'cver  across  the  bay,  near  its  upper  end, 
•vir  wiiicli  there  is  only  11  feet  water. 

MOIJILE  POINT,  is  a  lonir,  low,  sandy, 
lid  narrow  peninsula,  which  hounds  Alohile 
'ly  fill  the  S.  exteudinjf  from  the  bay  of  Bon 
>•  <oars,fhc  Koiilh-easteru  extremity  of  the  for- 
iii'r,  towards  Daiiiihiii  island,  to  vviiieh  it  ap- 
irMiicJics  within  3  in.  This  iK)iut  has  been 
'  lukred  remarkable,  by  the  erection  of  a  niili- 
'■'ly  [Kist  on  il>  extreme  W.  extension,  called 
lort  Howyer.  This  tijrt  was  attacked  Sept.  15th, 
I'll, by  a  British  .squadron,  consisting  of  two 

>  .^sels  of  2S  guns  each,  and  one  of  18  guns, 
vitii  a  land  three  of  21)0  Indians,  and  110  iria- 
nws.  Th('  British  were  repulsed,  with  the 
iiss  of  the  Herme.s  and  about  100  men  killed 
'  »'l  wounded.  After  their  defeat  nt,  and  n;- 
'n  at  from  New  Orleans,  the  British  attacked 
'lid  took  Fort  BowyiM-.on  the  l.lth  of  Feb.  1815. 

MOBILE  ISLAND,  isl.  formed  by  the  di- 
vided stream  of  the  river  Mobile,  about  2G  m. 
1""?,  and  5  wide.  I^on.  87^  .55'  W. ;  lat.  31-  N. 
.MOBJACK,  bay,  Va.  which  sets  up  from 
I'hesapeake  bay,  N.  of  the  mouth  of  York  r. 
MOCKSVILLE,  v.  Rowan  co.  N.  C. 
2S 


Schenectady  through  the  Mohawk,  Wood 
<reek,  Oneida  lake,  and  Oswego  river,  to  t)i« 
Lake  Ontario.  'J'his  river,  about  2  in.  west  of 
the  Ilud.^on,  has  remarkable  falls,  called  Ca- 
horn,  or  i'oliorn.  The  river  just  alxjve  the  falls, 
is  iHtween  300  and  400  feet  wide,  and  de- 
scends nt  high  water  in  one  sheet  near  70  feet. 
About  'J  m.  below,  a  bridge  is  erected  across 
the  river,  from  which  there  is  a  most  sublime 
and  beautiful  view  of  the  catnrnrt. 

MOHAWK,  r.  in  Del.  eo.  N.Y. which  miites 
with  th''  Popaiditoii  and  forms  the  Delaware. 

MOHAWK,  v.  on  the  Grand  River,  or 
Oiis(\  U.  ('.  is  the  principal  village  of  the  Six 
Nations.  This  is  the  residence  of  their  prin- 
cipal chief.  The  village  is  beautifully  situated, 
has  u  neat  church  with  a  steeple,  a  school- 
house,  and  a  council-liousc ;  and  not  far  from 
it  is  a  grist  and  .sawmill. 

MOHAWKS,  t.  Hastings  co.  U.  C.  on  Lake 
Ontario. 

."M(  )l  I A  WK  BAY,  in  Fredericksburg,  U.  C. 
hay  of  Quinte,  lies  o|)positc  to  the  Mohawk 
si'ttleinent,  and  close  to  the  moutli  of  the  river 
Aijpaniu'e. 

MOUAWIv  SETTLEMENT,  bay  of 
Qninte,  IJ.  C.  is  W.  of  Richmond,  and  com- 
|)rehend<'d  between  the  river  Shannon  and 
Boweu's  Greek. 

Mi  )Hi:(;AN,  v.  of  U.  C.  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Thames,  5  in.  below  Norwich.  Here 
reside  the  remnant  of  the  Mohegans. 

AIOIIEtiAN,  Indian  v.  New  London  co. 
ft.  on  W.  sid(^  of  the  Thames,  4  ni.  S,  from 
Norwi(di.  Here  are  the  remains  of  the  Mo- 
luf,r;in  trihr. 

AIOHRX'ON,  r.  Ohio,  N.  branch  of  the 
.Miiskiiigimi. 

:\!OIIl(X;ON,   t.   Wayne   co.  Ohio.     Pop. 

i,:(if;. 

MOHItX'ONS,  Indians,  inhabiting  between 
till!  rivers  Scioto  and  Muskingum. 

MOIRA,  r.  II.  C.  which  falls  into  the  bay 
of  Qiiiiite,  in  Lake  Ontirio. 

.M()1({A,  f.  Franklin  co.  N.  Y.    Pop.  791. 

iMOLE,  The,  a  jiort  in  the  NW.  part  of  the 
island  of  St.  Domingo,  2  leagues  E.  of  Cape 
St.  Nicholas,  Though  inferior  to  Cape  Francois 
and  Fort  au  Prince,  it  is  the  first  port  in  the 
island  lor  safety  in  time  of  war,  being  strongly 
fortified  both  by  nature  and  art.  It  is  14  m.  S. 
by  W.  from  Jean  Rabol,  69  W.  from  Cape 
Franc^ois.     Lon.  73=  26'  W. ;  lat.  19°  51'  N. 

MOM  A  PANE  LAKE,  lake,  Canada,  160  m. 
X.  from  Quebec.    Lon.  7P  W. ;  lat.  49°  40'  N. 

MONA  and  MONITA,  i.  e.  T/ie  Monkey 


338 


MON— MON 


■  0r-E 


"*.  ill' 


If 


f, .!  -    M 


I 


h,  i 


f/nd  Kin  f '/<A,  3  iHlundH  of  tim  WcnI  lixitcH,  in 
lliG  middle  hI'  tiii!  ^rcat  puHHUfrc  IjcIwci'ii  IIIh- 
poniiilu  Mild  Porto  Uiro. 

MONAf^AHY,  r.  iMd.  which  ruiiH  S.  into 
lh(^  I'ntoiiiiic,  M  III.  uliovc  (t«'(>r;f(,'t()Wii. 

M()NA(M\S,  V.  MoiircH!  eo.  M. 

M()NAI)N(WK,  ii  lolly  iiu.iiiifaiii  in  Ih.- 
SVV.  coriirr  of  N.  II.  iMtwriii  .lutlrcy  and 
Uuhlin.  ItM  liam^  in  H  in.  from  N.  to  S.  and  !) 
from  K.  to  VV. mid  itn  iirifrht  iH  3,',V) I  lict  above 
the  levtl  of  tin;  wm.  It  may  be  wen  at  tiie 
difltiincn  of  fiO  in,  in  alriiont  every  direction. 

IVI()NAI)N(K;K,  mt.  in  tiio  Nil.  part  of  Vt. 
Iti  MON  ISTU^  r.  N.  America,  which  runs  into 

I.akt!  Miciiijrnn. 

MONITOU,  two  islands  in  Lake  Michigan. 
Lon.  H,-* ^  35'  W. ;  lut.  IP  :>'}'  N. 

MONKKY  ISLAND,  mnall  isl.  in  riirri- 
tuck  Sound,  near  the  count  of  North  Carolina. 
1,011.  7(iM'W.;  hit.  3()-' y-i' N. 

MONKTON,  t.  Add'.Hoii  co.  Vt.  123  m.  S. 
from  niirlinirioii.  Fop.  1,3M|.  Mere  are  tiiniul 
vast  qiiaiititii's  of  jiorcKliiiii  rartli,  from  wlii'-li 
attiiiipfs  have  heeii  made  to  iiiaiiufa<;tiiro  jnjr- 
cdaiii,  hilt  without  huccchs. 

MONMOUTH,  I.  Keniieheek  co.  Mo.  17 
in.  VVSW.  from  AiipiiHtn,  ITiU  NNK.  from  IJoh- 
lon.     Fop.  1,8H:J.     Here  is  an  academy. 

MONMOUTH,  CO.  N.  .1.  homided  NVV.  hy 
Middlesex  eo.  N.  hy  iJarituii  hay,  K.  hy  the 
Atlantic,  and  SW.  hy  Ihirliiifrtoii  co.  l'o[). 
2D,233.    Chief  town,  Freehold. 

MONMOUTH,  V.  Monmouth  co. N.J.  G3  m. 
ENE.  from  Philadelphia.  The  IJritisli  troojiH 
under  Gen.  Clinton  were  defeated  here  on  the 
17th  of  June  1777,  by  the  Americans  under 
Gen.  Washington. 

MONODY  (;REEK,  r.  Pa.  wliich  joins  the 
Swetara,  12  m.  W.  from  licbanon. 

MONOKA,  r.  Md.  runs  into  the  Cliesapcakc. 
Lon.  76=  53'  W. ;  lut.  38°  10'  N. 

MONOMIES  CASTLE,  fort,  NVV.  Terri- 
fory,  on  the  Wincbago  river.  Lon.  87^^  31' 
W.;  lat.  44=1  18' N. 

lyiONOMIES  RIVER,  r.  NW.  Territory, 
which  gives  name  to  a  tribe  of  Indians,  and 
which  runs  into  Green  Bay.  Lon.  81°  21' 
W. ;  kt.  44°  46'  N. 

MONOMONIL,  t.  NW.  Territory,  on  W. 
side  of  Green  Bay.  Lon.  87°  28'  W.;  lat 
44°  32'  N. 

MONONGAHELA,  r.  which  rises  from  tlie 
Laurel  mountains  in  Va.  runs  N.  into  Pa.  and 
unites  with  the  Allegliany  at  Pittsburg,  to  form 
the  Ohio.  It  is  navigable  for  light  steam-boats 
to  Brownsville,  Pa.  and  bateaux  and  barges 
ascend  as  far  as  Morgantown  in  Va.  Lcngtli 
nearly  300  miles. 

MONONGALIA,  co.  NW.  part  of  Virginia, 
bounded  N.  hy  Pennsylvania,  E.  by  Maryland, 
S.  by  Randolph  co.  W.  by  Harrison  co.  and 
NW.  by  Oliio  CO.  Pop.  14,056,  of  whom  362 
arc  Rlaves.    Chief  town,  Morgantown. 


MONROE,  CO.  N.  Y.  iKiimded  N.  by  Lake 

Ontario,   I'l.  by  Ontario  co.  S.  by   Livingston 

Pop.   l!l,Hti2.    Chi,!- 


MONROE,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me.    Pop.  108. 

MONROE,  t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  19  m.  S. 
from  Newburgh,  50  N.  from  New  York.  Pop. 
3,671.  It  contains  2  churches,  I  for  Qudicrs, 
and  1  for  Presbyterians.  Here  are  extensive 
iron  works. 


CO.  W.  by  (tcneitee  co. 
town,  RiM'hrMltT. 

MONROE,  CO.  Al.  on  the  river  Alabunm. 
Pop.  H,7Hl.    Chief  town,  Clailmrne. 

MONR(  )E,  CO.  E.  part  of  MIh.  Pop.  .3,653. 
Chief  town,  Hamilton. 

MONROE,  v.  SiiBsex  co.  N.  J.  84  m.  N. 
from  Trenton. 

MONROE,  V.  Bradford  co.  Pa.  IDG  m.  N. 
from  Hnrrisburg. 

MONRO!''-,  eo.  Va.  bounded  SE.  hy  llotc 
toiirt  and  (iiles,  SW.  hy  Kcnhawa  r.  or  (/iltH, 
NW.  by  Greciiliriir,  N.  hy  Nicholas,  and  NK 
by  Bath  and  Botilourt.  Length  3.'»  m.  mean 
width  13.  Po().  Ill  1820,  6,620 ;  in  1830,  7,7Ut*. 
Chief  town,  I'nionlown. 

MONROE,  v.  Warren  co.  N.C.  70  ni.  Sll. 
from  Raleigh. 

\U  )N|{(  »!•:,  v.  Waltcm  co.  CJco.  66  m.  NNW. 
from  Millcdgcvillc.     Lat.  XP  46'  N. 

MONKOi'),  eo.  Ohio,  iNuindtd  E.  by  Olim 
river,  S.  by  WaKhiiiglon,  W.  by  Morgan,  NW, 
by  Giicriisi  V.  iind  N.  by  Rclmont.  LeiigtJi.l-' 
111.  breadth  18.  I'oji.  in  1820,  4,611  ;  in  It3(l, 
8,770.    Chief  town,  Wcxidstidd. 

MONl{(  >E,  CO.  In.  iHiunded  hy  Lawrence  S. 
Martin  W.  Delaware  NE.  and  Jaeksoii  E 
Lengtii  21  m.  breadth  18.  Pop.  6,578.  Chid 
town,  Bloomington. 

MONROE,  CO.  Ken.  bounded  by  Ten.  S.hy 
Allen  CO.  Ken.  W.  Barren  N.  Atluir  NI'l.  :iiiiJ 
Cumberland  E.  It  occupies  the  dividini; 
ground  lietween  Cimilierland  and  Big  liiirriii 
rivers.  Length  28  m.  brcadtli  25.  Chief 
town,  Tompkinsvillc. 

MON  RC)E,  V.  and  scat  of  justice,  Ovcrinn 
CO.  Ten.  on  a  small  branch  of  Obies  river,  lOll 
m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Nashville.  Lat.  36'  2.V 
N.;  lon.  from  W.  8°  11' W. 

MONROE,  CO.  E.  Ten.  boundi^d  by  N.Car. 
olina  E.  the  Cherokee  lands  S.  M'Minn  W. 
and  Tennessee  river,  or  Blount  and  Sevier  N 
Chief  town,  Madisonvillc. 

MON  RO  E,  t.  Adams  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  807. 
MONROE,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  10  iii.  iNE. 
from  Jcft'crson.    Pop.  862. 

MONROE,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  NE 
from  Hamilf«n.    Pop.  Hi). 

MONROE,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  NE 
from  ('ainbridge.     Pop.  615 

MONROE,  V.  Highland  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  21. 
MONROE,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,05^1 
MONROE,  t.  Madison  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  30- 
M()NROE,t. Muskingum  co.Oliio.  Pop.'''"'' 
MONROE,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  l.O^ti. 
M(  )NR(  )E,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  CM. 
MONROE,  t.  Richland  CO.  Ohio.  Pop.l,o:il 
MONROE,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  10  in.  W 
from  C^irclevillc.     Pop.  767. 

MONROE,  CO.  in  tlie  S.  part  of  In.  Pop 
6,578.    Chief  town,  Blooniington. 

MONROE,  CO.  II.  on  the  Mississippi.  Pop 
2,11!).     ("hief  town,  Waterlof). 

MONROE,  t.  11.  on  the  first  high  ground 
above  the  junction  of  the  llhnois  witli  the  .Mis^l 
sissippi,  28  m.  above  St.  Louis,  imd  10  fromj 
St.  Charles,  on  the  Missouri. 


..iJt: 


MON— MON 

r<.i>. 


it:)u 


N.  J.  84  ni.  N. 
0. 1'a.  lUO  m.  N. 


1).  N.C.  70ni.Si:. 


MONROK,  ro.  IVfirliiiran  Tcrrilory. 
3,|h7.     Cliirt'  litvvn,  Monroe. 

iM()NI{(  )i;,  1. 1111(1  rii\i.  MoiiriM'co,  MicliiL'uii 
'I'lrriloiy,  on  llic  river  ItiiiHiii,  '3Ct  in.  K  IVdmi 
L)elroil. 
MoNltOM,  I.  I.ineoln  er).  Missouri. 
MONUoM,  f.  l|ein|Mteiiit  CO.  AritiinHiia. 
MONSnN.t.  ||:iiii|>ileneo.  Miiss.  on  llie  line 
of  Coiniec'ticiil,  17  in.  I'l.  t'roiii  S|iriiitrti(l(l,  7'i 
\V."^VV.  from  IJoHlon.    I'oji.  )i,'^U[.    It  eontiiins 
'J  i;linrelieM,  I  lor  ( 'oinfrejriilioniilislH,  mid  I  tor 
HaiitistN;  ii  t1oiiriNliin|r  ueiulcniv,  witli  vvliieli 
if*  conneeteil  u  lar^e  iMKirdintr-hoiise.  Ilereure 
olito  inuinifactories  of  (!(itton  anil  wikjI. 
M()N'l"A<aiK,  t.  (Jreenville  eo,  VA'. 
MONTACJIIK,  f.  Friniklin  eo.  Mass.  on  llie 
li.  Hide  of  ConneetirMit  river,  o[)|K)site  (ireen- 
fi(!ld,  with  wiiieli  it  is  eoimeeted  liy  ii  liridj,'e. 
It  is  IH  III.  N.  from  Nortiiuinptoii,  uiid  UO  VV. 
from  iioHtoii.     Pop.  1,1  *il. 

MONTAiiHK,  V.  Kssexro.  Va. 
MON'i'Acaji;,  (V//w',eaiK;  in  MudHon's  IJay. 
Loii.  HS^  VV.;  lat.  (i(P  N. 

MON'I'ACHJK  Isr.ANI),  isl.  near  the  N\V. 
roast  of  America,  at  the  W.  sidi!  of  tlu;  eii- 
trunei!  into  FrintM!  Wiliiain's  Sound,  fjoii.  M7-^ 
to  14H^  W. ;  lat.  r»!»^  .'iO'  to  (K) '  ;j(l'  N. 

MONTAIIK  POINT,  II.  end  of  Lonjr 
Island,  ill  Soulhainptoii.  'I'lie  lifrlit-housc  is 
at  Ion.  from  W.  f)'  6'  K.;  lat.  413  4'  N. 

MONTKZUMA,  v.  in  Mentz,  N.  V.  12  m. 
N.  ti-om  Auburn.  Here  is  oji  extensive  man- 
iithctory  of  salt. 

M()NT(  JDMRRY,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  40  m. 
NE.  from  Hurlington.    Pop.  4(i(). 

MONTGOMEIiY,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  12 
m.  N\V.  from  Sprinfffifld.     Pop.  r>ld. 

M()NT(;OMKI{Y,  CO.  N.  Y.  Imunded  liy 
Schenectady  SIL  Sclioharie  S.  Otsesro  SW 
Herkimer  W.  Hamilton  N.  Saratonrji  M.  Tlu 
surface  is  pleasantly  diversified,  and  the  soi 
generally  good.  Pop.  in  IH2(I,  37,509  ;  in  Iti.'iO, 
43,595.    ( Ihief  town,  .lohnstown. 

MONTtiOMKRY,  t.  ()riin},ro  eo.  N.  Y.  12 
m.  W.  from  Newburtrh,  ION.  from ( iosheii,  70 
from  New  York.  Pop.  3,S87.  It  contains  un 
academy  and  H  ehiirclios. 

MONTCJOMKIIY,  co.  Pa.  Ixiunded  hy  Phil- 
adelphia and  Delaware  cos.  Slil.  Chester  SW. 
Berks  NW.  l.ehijrh  N.and  Bucks  NK.:  lenfrlh 
30  ni.  width  15.  'I'he  siirtace  of  this  eouiity 
is  delightfully  variefrated  hy  sloi)in<r  hills  and 
fertile  valleys.  The  Schuylkill  washes  its  .S. 
border  from  it.^  extreme  W.  anfric  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Perkiomeii;  it  then  enters  the  county, 
and  runs  through  its  S.  corner.  The  Perkio- 
men  also  traverses  this  county,  enterinir  it  at 
the  N.  angle,  and  emptying  it  into  the  Schuyl- 
kill, a  little  above  where  the  latter  enters  the 
county.  The  soil  is  generally  productive,  and 
the  county  is  noted  lor  its  quarries  of  fme 
marble.  Pop.  1820,  35,793;  in  1830,  39,404. 
Chief  town,  Norristown. 

MONTGOMERY,  co.  Vn.  Iwundcd  by  the 
Blue  Ridge,  or  Franklin  and  Patrick  eos.  SE, 
Grayson  and  VVythe  S\V.  Walker's  niomitain, 
or  Giles  co.  NW.  and  Botetourt  NE.  [<ength 
42  m.  mean  width  22.J.  Pop.  in  IWiO,  H,733 ; 
in  1830,  12,304.    Chief  town,  Cliristiansburg. 


MONTGUMEUY,  ro.  Md.  Uiuiided  by  Po- 
toinue  river,  or  by  Fairfax  and  iioiidon  rim, 
Va.  SW.  Fr.d.rirk  <•(>.  Md.  NW.  Patnxint  r. 
or  Ann-Arniidil  N  hi.  iind  Priiiee  (ieorge  and 
!>.('.  si;.  I.ingth  2h  in.  tneiiii  width  IH 
Po|».  ill  1^20,  III,  10(1  J  in  IKIO,  l9,H|(i.  Chiel 
town,  Koekvillr. 

MONTGOMEUY,  ro.  N.  ('.  Ixiinided  by 
kiehinond  and  Anson  S.  CabarraH  W.  Kowuii 
Mild  Kandiilph  N.  and  Moore  E.  Iicngth  42 
III.  mean  width  M.  It  priMlueeH  cotton,  gra>n, 
and  fohaeeo.  Pop.  in  |H-.>(|,  M,(;i)3;  in  1830, 
|0,9IK    Chief  town,  Tiiidalsville. 

MONTtJOMERY,  eo.  (J.o.  lM)iinded  by 
Oakiiiulgee  river  S.  hy  Little  (h'onei!  river 
SW.  Eaiirens  W.  and  NW.  iiiid  Eiuaniiel  or 
(•reat  ()h(H)|H'  river  N  E.  Eengtli  40  in.  mean 
width  2 1,  'i'he  <  )eoiier  and  ( »akmiilgee,  which 
nieel  at  the  southern  extremity  of  this  eotinty, 
ioriii  the  Aliitamahi.  Chief  town.  Mount  Ver- 
non.    Pop.  in  1H20,  \,Hti9;  in  IKIU,  1,20'.' 

MONT<i()MERV,  co.  Ohio,  boiiudcM  hy 
Warren  and  IJutlev  S.  Prciile  W.  iliaini  N. 
Clarke!  NE.  luid  Greene  I'  ;  len^-ili  21  in. 
width  23.  Chief  town,  Dayton.  Piy.  inlH20, 
15,999;  in  1830,21,2.,  I. 

MONT(;oMERY,  t.  near  tlu.  caHtcrn  b  .■• 
der  of  Richland  eo.  Oliio. 

MONT(;o.MERY,  t.  Franklin  co.  ',>iiii), 
Pop.  2,!)  15. 

MON'HJOMERY,  v.  Fra- .^i,  co.  Ohio, 
14  m.  NE.  from  Cincinnati. 

MONT(;oMERY,  co.  Ken.  hmmk-A  SE. 
and  S.  hy  I'lstil,  VV.  by  (;iarke,  NW.  by  Roiir- 
hon,  NE.  hy  Bath,  and  FT.  by  Pike;  length  38 
in.  mean  width  12.  Surface  rather  uneven 
than  hilly ;  soil  productive.  ( "hief  town,  Mount 
Sterling.    Pop.'"  l^^-".  !VW7 ;  in  18.30, 10,221. 

M()NT(i()MERY,  co.  Te.  .  Iiomided  by 
(,'liristian  and  Todd  counties  in  Kentucky  N. 
by  Kobertson  co.  in  Ten.  SE.  Dickson  S.  and 
Stewart  SW ;  length  40  m.  mean  width  17J. 
('hief  town, Clarke-sville.  Pop.  in  1820, 12,219; 
in  IH30,  14,3(i.''). 

M(  )NT(;oMEBY,  co.  Al.  bounded  by  Pike 
SE.  Butler  S.  VVih-ox  and  Dallas  W.  Alabama 
river,  or  Anta!>.  .'<  V.  and  N.  and  the  Musco- 
gee or  ('reek  1  I'-i  NE;  length  50  m.  mean 
width  .'10.  Chit;f  town,  Montgomery.  Pop.  in 
1820,  (i,(i01;  in  1830,  12,094. 

MO\'''<;OMEl{Y,  V.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Mont"- ■  itry  co.  Al.  on  Alabama  river,  70  ni. 
bv  1;  „u  from  C^ahawha.     Lat.  .32^  20'  N. 

l\lONT(;OMERY,  co.  Miso.  liounded  by 
Missouri  river  S.  Howard  co.  VV.  Cuivrc  river, 
or  Lincoln  N.  and  St.  Charles  E.;  length  .50  ni. 
mean  width  35.  Pop.  in  18120,  3,074 ;  in  1830, 
3,900. 

MONTICELLO,  t.  and  cap.  Sullivan  co. 
N.  Y.  4  m.  W.  from  Nc\'csink  river,  and  about 
40  a  little  N.  of  W.  from  Ncwburgh. 

M0NTIC;ELI.0,  t.  Fairfield  district,  S,  C. 
35  III.  N.  from  Columbia. 

MONTICELLO,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Jas- 
per CO.  Geo.  32  ni.  NW.  from  Milledgcville. 
Lat.  33^  19'  N. 

M0NTIC;ELL0,  v.  and  cap.  Lawrence  co. 


4>M 


Mis.  on  Pearl  river,  90  ni.  E.  from  Natchez. 
Lat.  3P  32'  N. ;  Ion.  from  W.  12°  5.5'  W. 


310 


MON— MOO 


.--   ''  ' 

laL  ill'  3 


MONTICETJ,0,  t.  and  cap.  Wayne  co. 
Ken.  100  in.  S.  from  Frunkfort,  and  iiboiif  I 
SF.  from  Cumberland  rivxr.  L.it.  ."JG '  5(1'  N. ; 
Ion.  from  W.  7^  40'  W. 

MONTICELLO,  v.  Lawrence  co.  Aflinnsns. 

MONTICELLO,  tlio  scut  of  tho  Into  Iloii. 
Thomas  Ji5Fkkr.so.\,  tlic  third  President  of  tlio 
U.  States,  in  Albcniarl(!  eo.  Va.  2  ni.  SI'],  from 
Charlottesville.   Lon.  78^  48'  W. ;  lat.  .38=  8'  N. 

MONTPELIER,  t.  and  cap.  Washington  co. 
Vt.  and  scat  of  government  of  the  state,  on  the 
N.  si^c  of  Onion  river,  at  the  confluence  of 
two  of  its  head  waters ;  3G  m.  SE.  from  Bur- 
lington, 140  NW.  from  Boston,  524  from  Wasli- 
ington.  The  river  is  licre  bordered  by  rude, 
unsightly  hills,  which  scarce  allow  room  for 
the  village.  Its  central  situation  in  tiie  state 
makes  Montpelicr  a  great  thoroughfare,  tin; 
travel  going  through  it  in  all  directions.  Lon. 
71°33^W,;  lat.  440  16' N. 

MONTPELIER,  the  seat  of  the  Hon.  James 
Madison,  the  fourth  President  of  the  U.  States, 
in  Orange  co.  Va.  20  m.  N  E.  from  Monticdlo. 

MONTPELIER,  V.  Hanover  co.  Va.  24  ni. 
from  Richmond. 

MONTPELIER,  v.  Richmond  co.  N.  C. 
105  m.  SW.  from  Raleigh. 

MONTREAL,  isl.  in  St.  Lawrence  river,  at 
the  confluence  of  that  stream  and  the  Ottawa. 
It  forms  a  county  of  the  same  name,  32  m. 
long,  but  very  irregular  in  width. 

MONTREAL,  city,  L.  C.  It  is  built  upon 
an  island  of  the  same  name  in  the  St.  Law- 
rence, 32  m.  long,  and  at  its  centre  2  m.  wide, 
at  a  point  in  the  river  just  below  the  junction  of 
the  Ottawa.  The  river  is  here  two  miles  wide, 
and  capable  of  being  ascended  by  vessels  of 
any  burden,  although  500  miles  from  the  sea. 
It  is  180  miles  SW.  of  Quebec,  and  300  N.  of 
New  York.  The  town  has  a  beautiful  position, 
and  shows  to  great  advantage.  The  mountain, 
from  which  it  has  its  name,  rises  on  the  left 
of  the  city,  and  seems  placed  tlicrc,  like  a  ram- 
part, to  defend  it  from  Iho  blasts  of  winter. 
A  thick  forest  covers  the  greater  part  of  it ; 
though  a  few  neatly  built  houses  siiow  their 
roofs  from  the  midst  of  the  mountnin  groves. 
The  new  cathedral  is,  probably,  tlio  largest 
church  in  America.  Its  front  is  255  feef,  and 
its  width  134.  There  are  five  public  entrances, 
and  the  interior  will  conveniently  contain 
10,000  {Kjrsons.  There  are  seven  altars,  and 
the  eastern  window  over  the  high  altar  is  64 
by  32  feet.  The  circuit  of  this  vast  cdifce  is 
1,125  feet.  It  is  built  of  hewn  stone  from  the 
mountain.  The  college  is  the  noxt  most  con- 
spicuous building,  extending  in  front  with  the 
wings  220  feet.  It  contains  on  an  average  300 
students.  This  is  a  Catholic  institution.  There 
are  18  or  20  public  buildings.  The  French 
style  of  building,  the  number  of  lofty  spires 
and  towers,  and  the  glittering  tin  covering  of 
the  roofs,  give  the  city  a  majestic  and  imjios- 
ing  appearance  at  a  distance.  The  jwjpulation, 
by  a  census  in  1825,  was  24,000,  aijd  is  now 
supposed  to  amount  to  30,000.  The  chief  ar- 
ticle of  its  commerce  is  furs.  It  is  the  vmpo- 
rium  of  the  North- West  Company ;  and  of  the  | 


trade  between  (Canada  and  the  United  States. 
'I'hc  only  interruption  to  the  navigation  of  the 
St.  Lawrence  up  to  this  city,  is  tlio  Rapids, 
about  two  mil«;s  below,  wliicli  ol>en  occasion 
delay  to  inbound  vessels,  iis  they  can  bo  stoni- 
nied  only  bv  a  strong  wind. 

MONTR'EAI,,  a  district  of  L.  C.  bounded 
NE.  by  the  district  of  TIuto  Rivers,  S.  by  the 
States  of  Now  York  and  Vcnnonl,  SW.  by 
Upper  Canada  and  the  (h"md  or  ( >tta\va  river. 
It  contains  tlio  counties  of  York,  Elfmgliani, 
Loinstcr,  Warwick,  Huntingdon,  Kent,  Surrey, 
Bedford,  Ricli(^liou,  and  Montreal. 

MONTREAL  BAY,  iiay,  CJanada,  on  the. 
E.  side  of  Lake  Superior.  Lon.  84°  50'  W. ; 
lat.  47=10' N. 

MONl'REAI/,  r.  NW.  T-r.  which  flows 
into  Lake  Superior,  63  in.  W.  of  the  mouth  of 
the  Ontanagon.  About  800  yards  from  its 
mouth  it  has  falls,  wIkto  the  whole  descent  is 
80  or  90  feet,  and  the  descent  at  the  last  fall  is 
40  feet  perpendicular.  The  Sonth-West  I'm 
Company  have  a  post  at  Lake  Flambeau  near 
the  source  of  this  nvvv. 

MONTROSIO,  t.  and  cap.  Susquchannah  en. 
Pa.  163  m.  from  irarrisl)urg,271  from  \\'.  Pop. 
41.5. 

MONTROSE,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.C;. 

MONTROUIS,  t.  St.  Domingo,  at  the  head 
of  the  Bight  of  Jjcogane,  5  leagues  SE.  from 
St.  Mark,  15  NW.  from  Port  an  Princ<>. 

MONI'VII-Li;,  t.  Waldo  ro.  Me.  30  m.  NE. 
from  Wiscasset.     Pop.  1,713. 

MONTVILLE,  t.  New  London  co.  Ct.  It 
is  sitiiat((l  about  11  in.  NW.  of  New  London. 
Poj).  19(17. 

MOORE,  CO.  N.  C.  bounded  by  Cumberland 
SE.  Richmond  SW.  Montgomery  W.  Ran- 
doli)li  NW.  and  Chatham  N. ;  length  38  m. 
width  28.  Chief  town,  Alfordstown.  Pop.  in 
1820,7,128;  in  1830,  7,753. 

MOORESBOROUOn,  v.  Rutherford  co. 
N.  C.  by  postrop.d  226  m.  SW.  by  W.  from 
Raleigh. 

M(JORESBUR(.',  v.  Columbia  co.  Pa. 

MOORESFIELD,  or  Moorestown,  t.  Bur- 
lington CO.  N.  .1.  13  m.  E.  from  Philadelphia. 

MOORFIKLT),  V.  Nicholas  co.  Ken. 

MOORFIELO,  V.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  li;, 
m.  SW.  from  Cadiz. 

MOORFIELl),  t.  Clarke  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
915. 

MOORFIELDS,  t.  and  cap.  Hardy  co.  Va. 
on  tlio  S.  brancii  of  the  Potomac,  25  m.  SSW. 
from  Romncy,  180  NW.  from  Richmond. 

MOORSBIJRG,  V.  Hawkins  co.  Ken. 

MOOSE,  isl.  Me.  in  Passamaquoddy  Bay, 
on  which  is  the  town  of  Eastport. 

MOOSE,  small  r.  L.  C.  It  is  one  of  the 
head  waters  of  the  St.  Francis. 

MOOSE,  r.  N.  H.  which  joins  tlie  Andros- 
coggin, in  Durand. 

MOOSE,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into  the  E. 
side  of  Black  river. 

MOOSEIIEAD,  lake.  Me.  the  source  of  the 
E.  branch  ol"  Kcnnebeck  river.  It  is  said  to  be 
60  in.  long. 

MOOSEHILLOCK,  mt.  N.H.  in  Coventry. 


MOO— MOS 


341 


United  States, 
vitiation  of  tin; 
is  tlio  Kapicis, 
oHcn  oceasinn 
y  can  be  stum- 

Tj.  C.  bounded 
ivcrs,  S.  by  tiio 
iiionl,  SW.  by 
r  ( )tta\va  river, 
rk,  EUliiKbani, 
1,  Ivcnt,  Surrey, 
L-al. 

Janadii,  on  the. 
m.  843  50' W.; 

r.  wiiich  flows 
of  the  mouth  of 
yards  from  its 
t-liolc  descent  is 
it  tlio  last  iiill  is 
ioutii-West  Fin 
Flambeau  near 

usquchannah  eo. 
rifromW.  Pop. 

[idco.  N.C. 
ngo,  at  the  head 
•afTiies  SE.  from 
an  l'rinc(\ 
).  Mo.  30  m.  NT-. 

ndon  CO.  Ct.     U 
of  New  London. 

1  by  Cunihirland 
mery  W.  Tlan- 
. ;  length  .18  ni. 
stown.    Pop.  in 

Kutlicrford    co. 
LV.  by  W.  from 

Ihia  CO.  Pa. 
In-sfown,  t.  Bur- 
in Philadelphia. 

CO.  Ken. 
in  CO.  (.)hio,  1 1  h 

|co.  Ohio.    Pop. 

L  Hardy  co.  Va. 
tac,  25  m.  SSW. 
1  Richmond. 

s  CO.  Ken. 
Lmaquoddy  Bay, 

ort. 

It  is  one  of  the 

(ins  tlie  Andros- 

iins  into  the  E. 

Ihc  source  of  the 
It  is  said  to  be 

I H.  in  Coventry. 


According  to  the  measurement  made  by  Capt. 
Partridge,  the  N.  Peak  is  ■4,(i3(i  above  the  level 
of  the  sea. 

MOOSRRS,  V.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio. 

MOOSUP,  r.  which  rises  in  R.  I.  and  joins 
the  Quinebaug,  in  Plaintield,  (  onnecticut. 

AIORANT  RAY,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ja- 
maica.     Lon.  TG^  W.;  lat.  17^  .>4'  N. 

MORANT  POINT,  or  East  Point,  cape,  on 
the  E.  coawt  of  Jamaica.  Lon.  75^  5:2'  W. ; 
lat.  17°  56'  N. 

MORANT  KEYS,  or  Ranas,  small  islands 
in  the  Caribbean  sea,  3G  m.  SE.  from  Jamaica. 
Lon.  75°  40'  W. ;  lat.  17°  35'  N. 

MORE  ALT,  t,  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Hud- 
son, 16  m.  NE.  from  P>alston  Spa,  50  N.  from 
Alb;iny.  Pop.  ]  ,()!)0.  It  is  at  tlie  great  bentl 
of  the  Hudson,  and  hero  are  two  falls  in  the 
river.  Baker's  Falls  and  Glenn's  Falls. 

MOREAU,  r.  Misw  which  runs  into  the 
SW.  side  of  the  Missouri. 

MORETOWN,  t  Washington  co.  Vt.  on 
Onion  river,  7  ni.  W.  from  Montpclier.  Pop. 
816. 

MORGAN,  CO.  Va.  bounded  by  Berkshire 
SE.  Hampshire  SW.  and  on  all  other  sides  by 
the  Potomac  river  or  Maryland.  Length  30  m. 
mean  width  15.  Chief  town,  F'rankfort.  Pop. 
in  1820,  2,500;  in  1830,  2,6f)2. 

MORGAN,  CO.  Geo.  bounded  by  Putnam 
SE,  Jasper  SW.  Walton  NW.  and  the  Oconee 
river,  or  Clarke  and  Greene  NE.  Length 
22  m.  mean  width  20  m.  Chief  town,  Madi- 
son. Pop.  in  1820,  13,520 ;  in  1830,  12,023, 
of  whom  6,877  arc  colored. 

MORGAN,  CO.  Ohio,  bounded  N.  by  Musk- 
ingum and  Guernsey,  E.  by  Monroe,  and  S. 
by  Washington  and  Athens.  Length  32  m. 
brcadtli  18.  Surface  broken  and  hilly,  though 
much  of  the  soil  is  excellent.  Chief  town, 
M'Connelsville.  Pop.  in  1820,  5,297 ;  in  1830, 
11,796. 

MORG'iN,  ;.  Morgan  co.  Ohio,  including 
M'Connolsville,  tiic  county  seat 

r.iORGAN,  SW.  t  Butler  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,965. 

MORGAN,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  652. 

MORGAN,  t.  (?allia  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  37 1 . 

MORGAN,  V.  Ashtabula  co.  Oliio,  262  m. 
NE.  from  Columbus. 

MORGAN,  CO.  E.  Ten.  Iwundcd  by  Cum- 
berland and  Wayne  cos.  Ken.  N.  C-ampboll  E. 
Anderson  SE.  Ruane  and  Bledsoe  S.  and  Over- 
ton W.  Length  40  m.  mean  width  19.  Chief 
town,  Montgomery.  Pop.  in  1820,1,626;  in 
1830,2,.W2. 

MORGAN,  CO.  Al.  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
Tennessee.  Pop.  9,053.  Chief  town,  Somer- 
ville. 

MORGANFIELD,  t  and  scat  of  justice. 
Union  co.  Ken.  12  m.  SE.  from  the  mouth  of 
Wabash,  and  15  SW.  from  Henderson  on 
Ohio.    Lat  37°  41' N.    Pop.  292. 

MORGAN'S  STORE,  Montgomery  co.  N.  C. 
by  postroad  113  m.  SW.  from  Raleigh. 

MORGANSVILLE,  v.  Nottaway  co.  Va. 
18  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Petersburg. 

MORGANTOWN,  v.  Iterks  co.  Pa.  7  m. 
'rom  Reading.  | 


MORGANTOWN,  v.  and  scat  of  justice, 
Monongalia  ro.  Va.  on  the  right  bank  of  Mo- 
iiOMgiilicIa  river,  20  in.  SSW.  from  Uniontown, 
and  'M)  by  land  above  Urownsville,  F'a.  It  is 
situ;i1(Ml  on  high  groimd,  and  contains  the 
usual  county  buildings,  and  almut  100  houses. 
Lat.  3:P  33'  N. ;   lon.  3°  50'  W.  from  W. 

MORGANTOWiV,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Burko  CO.  N.  ( ■.  on  the  right  bank  of  Catawba 
river,  30  m.  NW.  from  Lincolnton.  Lat.  35° 
40'  N. ;  lon.  4°  42  W.  from  W. 

MOR(;!ANTOWN,  v.  Blount  co.  Tcnn.  on 
Tenncs.sec  river,  30  m.  SW.  li-om  Knoxville. 

MORCiANTOWN,  v.  Butler  co.  Ken. 

MORRICHES,  v.  Brookhaven,  Suflblk  co. 
N.  Y.  on  the  S.  side  of  Long  Island,  72  ni.  E. 
from  N(;w  York. 

MORRIS,  CO.  N.  J.  bounded  by  Essex  SE. 
Somerset  S.  Hunterdon  SW.  Sussex  NW.  and 
Bergen  NE.  Length  20  m.  mean  width  19. 
The  Pompton  and  Rockaway  rivers  unite  and 
form  the  Passaic,  on  the;  eastern  border  of  this 
CO.  ()  m.  above  the  celebrated  F'alls  of  Passaic, 
at  the  village  of  Patterson.  Soil  productive  in 
fruits,  grain,  and  pasturage.  Chief  town, 
Morristown.  Pop.  in  1820,  21,368  ;  in  1830, 
23,580. 

MORRIS,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio. 

MORRIS  FLATS,  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  be- 
tween  Morrison  and  Cazenovia. 

MORRISON,  the  north- westernmost  t.  of 
Jackson  co.  Ohio. 

MORRISTOWN,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  19  m. 
N.  from  Montpclier.     Pop.  1,315. 

MORRISTOWN,  t.  St.  I-awrencc  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  2  m.  below  Brock- 
ville.    Pop.  1,600. 

MORRISTOWN,  t.  and  cap.  Morris  co. 
N.J.  19  m.  NW.  from  Newark,  28  WNW. 
from  New  York,  55  from  Trenton,  221  from 
W.  Pop.  3,536.  It  contains  the  usual  county 
buildings,  a  bank, a  printing-press, an  academy, 
and  2  churches,  1  for  Presbyterins  and  1  for 
Baptists. 

MORRISTOWN,  t.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 
19  m.  W.  ^roin  Mount  Pleasant. 

MORRISTOWN,  t.  and  cap.  Buncombe  co. 
N.  C. 

MORRISTOWN,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio,  27 
m.  from  Warren. 

MORRISVILLE,  v.  in  Eaton,  Madison  co. 
N.\  .  containing  the  court-house. 

MORRISVILLE,  bor.  and  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa. 
on  the  Delaware,  1  m.  l)clow  Trenton,  29  above 
Philadelphia.     Pop.  531. 

MORRISVILLE,  v.  Greene  co.  Pa. 

MORRISVILLE,  V.  Fauquier  CO.  Va. 

MOSCOW,  V.  Genesee  eo.  N.  Y.  4  m.  SW. 
from  Genesee.  It  is  a  very  flourishing  village. 
A  newspaper  is  published  here. 

MOSCOW,  t.  Wayne  co.  Oliio,  on  Sugar 
creek,  10  m.  E.  from  Woostcr. 

MOSCOW,  t.  Somerset  co.  Mc.  28  m.  N. 
from  Norridgewock.     Pop.  405.  , 

MOSCOW,  t.  Livingston  co.  N.  Y.  near  the 
W.  side  of  Genesee  river,  30  m.  above  Ro- 
chester. 

MOSCOW,  small  village  in  the  southern 
limits  of  Clermont  co.  Ohio.     It  is  situated  on 


I 


342 


MOT— MOU 


■  : 


i-h, 


Li«'^r  ^^ 


N 


the  N.  bank  of  the  Oliio  river,  22  m.  pontlicrly 
from  Williainsbiirg,  and  120  soutli-wcstcrly 
from  Columbus. 

MOTTLE  ISTiE,  island  of  Vermont,  f;rnn<l 
Isle  CO.  It  is  to  thn  NW.  irom  Grand  Isle, 
and  is  8  m.  long  and  2  wide. 

MOULTON,  V.  Lawrence  co.  Al. 
MOULTCWnOROUGH,    t.  Strafford    en. 
N.  H.,  N.  of  Lake  Winnijjiscogee,  65  m.  NVV, 
from  Portsmoutli,  48  N.  from  Concord.    Pop, 
1  422. 

'  MOULTRIEVILLE,  v.  S.  C.  on  Sullivan's 
Island,  8  m.  from  Charleston. 

MOUNTAIN,  t.  Dundas  co.  U.  C. 
MOUNTAIN  ISLAND,  v.  Scott  co.  Ken. 
MOUNTAIN  SHOALS,  v.  Laurens  co.  S.C. 
MOUNT  AIRY,  v.  Surrey  co.  N.  C. 
MOUNT  BETHEL,  t.  Somerset  co.  N..T. 
MOUNT  CARMEL,  t.  Edwards  co.  II.  on 
the  Wabash,  opposite  the  entrance  of  White 
river  and  Patoka,  24  m.  by  land  below  Vin- 
cennes,  2.'j  above  Harmony. 

MOUNT  CLEMENS,  t.  and  cap.  Macomb 
CO.  Michigan  Territory,  on  the  river  Huron 
of  St.  Clair,  4  m.  from  its  moutli,  25  N.  from 
Detroit,  and  552  from  W. 

MOUNT  CLIO,  V.  Sumpter  district,  S.  C. 
52  m.  E.  from  C-olumbia. 

MOUNT  DEFIANCE,  mt.  m  S.  part  of 
Ticonderoga,  N.  Y.  W.  of  Lake  Champlain. 

MOUNT  DESERT,  isl.  and  t.  on  the  coast 
of  Maine,  in  Hancock  co.  40  m.  E.  from  ('as- 
tine,  21)5  NE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,603.  The 
island  is  15  m.  long,  and  12  broad. 

MOUNT  JISC^OVERY,  mt.  Essex  co. 
N.  Y.  in  the  S.  part  of  Lewis.  It  is  one  of  the 
highest  mountains  in  the  co.  of  Essex. 

MOUNT  EPHRAIM,  v.  Hancock  co.  Mc. 
MOUNT  HOLLY,  t.  Rutland  co.Vt.  25  m. 
W.  from  Windsor.    Pop.  1,318. 

MOUNT  HOLLY,  t.  and  cap.  Burlington 
CO.  N.  J.  near  Ancocus  creek,  23  m.  ENE. 
from  Pluladclphia,  21  from  Trenton,  156  from 
W.  It  is  a  flourishing  town,  and  contains  n 
court-house,  a  jail,  a  market-house,  a  bank,  2 
houses  of  public  worsliip,  1  for  Episcopalians, 
and  1  for  Friends,  valuable  mills,  and  200 
dwelling-houses. 

MOUNT  HOPE,  V.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 
MOUNT  HOPE,  V.  Shenandoah  co.  Va 
MOUNT  HOPE,  V.  Mo    ^  co.  N.  .r.  about 
4  m.  N.  of  Rockaway.     Here  is  a  furnace  lor 
casting  liollow  wan;. 

MOUNT  HOPE,  hill,  R.  I.  on  the  W. 
ehorc  of  Mount  Hope  Bay,  in  the  township  of 
Bristol,  2  m.  NE.  of  the  town.  It  is  of  a  coni- 
cal form,  with  an  acute  and  nearly  pointed 
apex ;  and  thougii  of  inconsiderable  height, 
(less  than  300  feet  above  full  tide,)  the  pros- 
pect from  the  summit  is  peculiarly  interesting. 
It  is  famous  for  b(;ing  tlie  former  residence  of 
king  Philip. 

MOUNT  HOPE  BAY,  NE.  part  of  Nar- 
r^gansot  Bay,  extending  up  between  Tiverton 
and  Bristol,  and  a  short  distance  into  Massa- 
chusetts. Taunton  river  tlows  into  tiie  NI'l. 
part  of  it 

MOUNT  HOREB,  t.  Nelson  co.  Va. 
MOUNT  INDEPENDENCE,  mt.  Orwell, 


Vt.  on  E.  side  of  Lake  Champlain,  opposite 
tlie  old  fort  of  Ticonderoga. 

MOUNT  JOY,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 

MOUNT  I^AUREL,  t.  Halifax  co.  Va. 

MOUNT  MACOLIA,  v.  Rapides  co.  La. 

MOUNT  PISGAH,  v.  Iredell  co.  N.  C. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  t.  Westchester  co. 
Y.  on  E.  side  of  the  Hudson,  36  m.  N.  from 


This 


New  York,  265  from  W.    Pop.  4,932. 
town  possesses  considerable  trade. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  t.  Westmoreland 
CO.  Pa.  10  m.  NW.  from  Washington. 

MOUNT  PliE ASANT,  v.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 
MOUNT  PLEASANT,  v.  Halifax  co.  Va. 
MOUNT  PLEASANT,  v.  Shenandoah  co. 
Va.  13  m.  SW.  from  Woodstock. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  v.  Jefferson  co. 
Oliio,  10  m.  NE.  from  St.  Clairsville,  20  SW. 
from  Stcubenville.  It  is  a  flourishing  town, 
and  contains  n  market-house,  a  bank,  and  a 
Friends'  meeting-liouse.  In  the  vicinity  there 
are  a  woollen  manufactory,  a  paper-mill,  and 
other  valuable  mills. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  v.  Martin  co.  In. 
142  m.  SSW.  from  Indianapolis. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  v.  Maury  co.  Ten. 
50  m.  SW.  from  Murfreesborough. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  P.  O.,  E.  Baton 
Rouge  Parish,  Louisiana,  106  ni.  NW.  from 
New  Orleans. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  mills  and  t.  Union 
CO.  Pa.  46  m.  N.  from  Harrisburg. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  v.  Rockingham  co, 
N.  (•.  135  m.  NW.  from  Raleigh. 

MtWNT  PLEASANT,  v.  Fairfield  co.  S.C, 
44  m.  N.  from  Columbia. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  t.  Columbia  co.Pn. 
MOUNT  PLEASANT,  t.  Wayne  co.  I'a, 
Pop.  874. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  v.  Md.  in  Carolinp 
and  Queen  Anne  cos.  11  ni.  E.  from  Churchill. 
MOUNT  IT-EASANT,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ken, 
It  contains  a  society  of  Friends. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  t.  Hamilton  co. 
Ohio,  10  m.  from  Cincinnati,  12  from  Hamil- 
ton.   Pop.  210. 

MOUNT  PROSPECT,  v.  Edgecombe  co. 
N.  Carolina. 

MOUNT  RICHARDSON,  t.  Jackson  co, 
Tennessee. 

MOUNT  SOLUS,  v.  Hinds  co.  Mis.  70  ni, 
S.  from  Jackson. 

MOUNT  STEPHEN'S,  v.  Rockingham  co, 
Virginia. 

MOUNT  STERLING,  v.  Switzerland  co 
In.  103  m.  SPj.  from  Indianapolis. 

MOUNT  STERLINCJ,  t.  and  cap.  Mont- 
gomery CO.  Ken.  60  m.  from  Frankfort,  and 
.iOl  from  W.  Pop.  561.  It  contains  a  conrt- 
lionse,  jail,  bank,  and  academy. 

MOUNT  TABOR,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  26  m, 
W.  from  Windsor.     Pop.  210. 

MOUNT  TIRZAH,  v.  Person  co.  N.C. 
MOUNT  TOM,  mt.  Mass.  on  the  W,  side 
of  Connecticut  river,  near  Northampton. 

MOUNT  UPTON,  v.  on  Unndilla  river,  op- 
jiositc  the  mouth  of  Butternut  creek,  Chenango 
eo.  N.  Y.  10  in.  SE.  from  Norwich. 
MOUNT  VERNt)N,  v.  Chester  co.  Pa. 


MOU— MUR 


343 


V.  Kockingham  co. 


jiff  J'  (imiiifiim!  rnnpi  i 


:'  "#S)M  ^  r,#^^#^ 


MOUNT  VERNON. 


MOUNT  VERNON,  seat  of  Gen.  Washinsr. 
ton,  pleasantly  situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  Po- 
tomac river,  18  ui.  below  the  city  of  Washing- 
ton, and  n  m.  below  Alexandria. 

MO[INT  VEItNON,  t.  IJoonc  co.  Ken.  on 
the  Ohio,  34  ni.  from  Cincinnati. 

MOUNT  VEUNOxN,  t.  Keinul.(u;k  co.  I\Ie. 
14  m.  NW.  from  Augusta,  or  Jvemu  buck  river. 
Pop-  1.43!l. 

MOUNT  VERNON,  t.  IliUsIiorough  co. 
N.  H.  na  m.  S.  from  Concord.     l'o|).  Ht'.i. 

MOUNT  VERNON,  v.  and  sent  of  justice, 
Montgomery  co.  (<eo.  hit.  32='  KJ'  N. 

MOUNT  VERNON,  t.  and  seat  of  juslicc, 
Knox  CO.  Ohio,  on  the  N.  bank  of  Owl  creek, 
20  m,  from  its  moutii.  The  town  contains  a 
printing-office,  a  brick  court-house  and  jail,  a 
merchant-mill,  and  a  saw-mill,  and  within  (5 
m.  there  arc  9  grist  and  saw-mills,  3  carding- 
inachines,  one  of  which  is  for  cotton.  Dis- 
tance 40  m.  W.  from  Coshocton,  .'54  NW.  from 
Zanesvillc,  and  44  NE.  from  Columbus.  Lat. 
40°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  from  W.  5^  32'  W. 

MOUNT  VERNON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Rockcastle  co.  Ken.  75  m.  SE.  from  Frankfort. 
Lat  37°  24'  N. 

MOUNT  VERNON,  v.  BuUit  co.  Ken.  25 
m.  SSE.  from  Ijonisville. 

MOUNT  VERNON,  v.  on  the  right  bank 
of  Ohio  river,  Posey  co.  In.  5  m.  above  the 
mouth  of  Wabash  river. 

MOUNT  VERNON,  v.  Jefferson  co.  II.  G9 
m.  S.  from  Vandalia. 
MOUNTVIIiLE,  V.  Loudon  co.  Va. 
MOUNT  VINTAGE,  v.  Edgefield  district, 
S.  ('arolina. 

MOUNT  WASHINGTON,  the  highest  of 
the  White  mountains,  N.  II.  According  to  the 
measurement  of  {^a])t.  Partridge,  it  is  (j,G34 
feet  aliovc!  tlu;  level  of  th>  sea. 

MOUNT  WASHINGTON,  t.  Rcrkshirc  co. 
Ma.ss.  20  m.  SSK.  from  Lenox.     Po[).  1^. 

MOUNT  ZION,  V.  Union  co.  Ken.  23G  m. 
SW.  by  W.  from  Franktbrt. 

MOUNT  ZION,  v.  Ilimcock  co.  (jco,  20  ni. 
NE.  from  Milledgeviile. 

MOUNT  ZION,  V.  Monroe  co.  Miso.  17(1 
m.  from  St.  (Charles. 

MOXAHALA,  or  .loniitli.-m's  Creek,  rising: 
m  the  N.  part  of  Perry  eo.  0)nu,  Hows.  \].  across 


Muskingum  co.  into  Muskingum  river,  which 
it  (Alters,  3  ni.  below  Zanesviile. 

MUD  CREEK,  N.  Y.  joins  Canandaigua 
creek  in  Phel|>s. 

MUDDY  RIVER,  II.  runs  into  the  Missis- 
si|)|)i.     It  is  navigable  40  m. 

AlUIXiE,  I'uiiif,  cape  on  an  island  in  the 
G  ulf  of  ( Jeorgin,  on  the  N  W.  coast  of  America 
Lou.  2.r)'  !)'  E.;  lat.  51 P  N. 

MUD  ISLAND,  fortified  isl.  Pa.  in  Dela- 
Wiire  river,  7  ni.  below  Philadel[>hia. 

Ml'ULENBURG,  co.  Ken.  Pop.  5,34L 
Chief  town,  Greenville. 

MULBERRY,  r.  rims  into  the  N.  side  of 
the  Arkansas,  below  Fort  Smith. 

MULLEN'S  ISLAND,  isl.  Florida,  in  the 
(i  ulf  of  Mexico.  I,on.  82°  55'  W. ;  lat.  28°  1'  N. 

MULLICO  HILL,  v.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J. 

IMULLICUS,  r.  N.  J.  runs  into  Little  Egg- 
harbor,  4  ni.  E.  from  Leeds.  It  is  navigable 
20  m.  for  vessels  of  GO  tons. 

MULTNOMAH,  or  Wallaumut,  r.  falls  into 
the  Columbia  from  the  S.  about  100  m.  from 
the  Pacific.  It  is  500  yards  wide  near  its 
mouth,  and  very  deep. 

MUNCEY,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  Pop.  1,5G  J. 

MUNCEY  CREEK,  Pa.  runs  into  the  E. 
side  of  the  Susquehannali,  23  m.  alwve  Nortli- 
umberland. 

MUNDFORDVILLE,  t  Hardin  co.  Ken. 
on  Green  river,  30  m.  below  Grccnsburg,  and 
30  from  liitehfield. 

MUNSTER,  V.  Cambria  co.  Pa. 

MURFRt;ESIJOROUGH,  t.  Hertford  co. 
N.  C.  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  Meherrin 
river,  50  m.  N  W.  from  Ecienton.  It  is  a  place 
of  considerable  trade.  The  public  buildings 
are  an  academy  and  a  Metliodist  church. 

MUFH'REESROROUtJH,  t  Rutherford  co. 
Ten.  and  former  capital  of  the  state,  32  m.  SE. 
from  Nashville,  KJO  W.  from  Knoxville.  Lnt. 
:r)°  .W  N.;  Ion.  8G°  .W  W.  The  surround- 
ing country  is  level  and  very  fertile,  abounding 
with  wheat,  cotton,  and  tobacco.  The  town 
was  nuide  the  seat  of  government  in  1817,  and 
contains  a  court-house,  jail,  academy,  liank, 
niecting-house,  and  alx)ut  two  hundred  houses; 
iind,  in  JHjH,  niore  than  1,000  inhabitants. 
The  seatof  goveinmeut  has  since  been  reniov- 
|(  d  to  Nashville. 


SV- 


344 


MUR— NAN 


m 

(.'•.Biri;;' 


^1 


Sv  t 


11  ' 


MTTRPH  Y'S  Sr;  ITr.KMlIVT,  V.  St.  C.vnr- 
vievo  CO.  rilissoiiri,  on  llio  road  I'roin  St.  Louis 
to  Aik.insus  1111(1  Red  rivtrs. 

lilURR  1SI>ANJ)S,  small  islands  near  the 
S.  coast  of  Labrador.  Lon.  r>'P  8'  W. ;  kt. 
SO'-'  32'  N. 

MURRAY,  t.  Northumberland  co.  U.  C.  on 
the  bay  of  Quiiite,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
'lV(!nt. 

MURRAY,  t.  Orleans  co.  N.Y.  on  Lake 
Ontario,  IS  ni.  NE.  from  Batavia.   Pop.  3,138. 

MURRAY  RAY,  or  Malbay,  Scijifniory  of 
Norlhuiiiberland  co.  L.C.  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
St.  Lawrence,  GG  m.  NE.  from  Quebec. 

MURRAY  HARBOR,  harbor  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  island  of  St.  John,  in  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrencf!.    I-on.  62=  20'  \V. ;  lat.  40°  N. 

MURRAY'S  FERliY,  v.  Williamsburg  co. 
S.  C'arolina. 

MUSCLE  CANAL,  strait  on  the  NW.  coast 
of  America,  leadinjj  into  Carter's  bay. 

MUSC^LE  StIOALS,  in  Tennessee  river, 
2."i0  m.  above  its  mouth,  and  the  same  distance 
below  the  Suck.  They  extend  about  25  m. ; 
the  river  spreads  to  tlio  width  of  3  m.  and  is 
full  of  islands.  The  jjassajro  of  the  shoals  is 
dilHcult,  except  when  the  river  is  liiyh. 

MUSflANAN,  r.Pa. which  Ibrms  the  bound- 
ary l)etween  Centre  and  Huntinfrtlon  cos.  and 
falls  into  a  branch  of  the  Susquehannah. 

MUSKL\C;UM,  CO.  Ohio,  ou  the  Muskin- 
gum r.  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Coshocton,  E.  by 
(Inernsey,  S.  by  Morgan,  and  W.  liy  Perry  and 
Licking  cos.  It  is  28  by  27  m.  in  extent. 
Pop.  in  1820,  17,821;  in  1830,  2i),325.  Chief 
town,  Znnesvillc. 

MUSKlN(iUM,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio. 

MUSKINGUM,  r.  Ohio,  rises  in  Portage 
CO.  and  running  S.  200  m.  joins  the  Ohio  at 
Marietta.  At  its  moutli,  it  is  2.50  yards  wide. 
Ft  is  naviLTablc  100  in.  to  Coshocton  tor  large 
boats,  and  ibr  small  boats,  to  its  source;  whence 
there  is  a  ])ortage  of  only  one  mile  to  the  Cuy- 
ahoga, which  runs  into  Lake  Erie.  At  Zanes- 
ville  there  arc  considerable  rapids  in  tlic  river. 

MUSIvONGlTS,  r.  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  which 
flows  through  Waldolrarough  into  a  bay  of  the 
same  name.  Muskongus  island,  in  this  bay, 
contains  1,000  acres. 

MYERSTOWN,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  32  m. 
E.  from  llarrisburg. 

MYSTIC,  r.  Mass.  which  flows  into  Boston 
harbor.  It  is  navigable  tor  sloops  to  Mcdford, 
4  m. 

MYSTIC  RIVER,  v.  New  London  co.  Ct. 

N. 

NAA MAN'S  CREEK,  r.  Delaware,  which 
runs  into  the  river  Delaware,  near  tJie  line  of 
Pa. 

NACOTJDOCIIES,  formerly  Assinnyp,  i. 
Texas,  near  the  head  waters  of  the  Nctches. 
Lon.  yl"  17'  W.;  lat.  31°  27'  N.  It  is  a  smdl 
town,  having  a  lew  farms  in  its  vicinity. 

NAGRAC'A,  r.  Missouri  territory,  which 
joins  the  Arkansas  about  lon.  99°  20'  VV.  It 
is  navigable  150  m. 

NAHANT,  a  peninsula,  Mass.  in  the  town- 
ship of  Lynn,  9  m.  S.  from  Salem,  14  m.  NE. 


from  Boston.  It  is  connected  with  the  main 
land  by  a  narrow  isthnms,  more  than  a  niilc 
and  a  half  in  length.  It  is  divided  into  (ireat 
Nahant,  Little  Nahant,  and  Bass  Neck.  On 
(ircat  Nahant,  the  eastern  division,  containing 
305  acres  of  highly  cultivated  and  fertile  land, 
there  arc  several  dwelling-houses.  At  the  east 
end,  at  low  water,  in  the  pools  among  the  largo 
rocks,  is  found  the  Animal  J'lower,  or  Rose 
Fish,  adhering  to  small  stones  in  water  4  or  5 
feet  deep.  There  is  e  chasm  30  feet  In  dejitli 
on  the  northern  shore,  called  the  Spoulinir 
Horn,  into  which,  at  about  half-tide,  the  water 
rushes  with  great  violence  and  a  tremendous 
sound. 

NAHANTICK,  bay,  Ct.  3  m.  W.  of  the 
mouth  of  the  Thames. 

NAIN,  Moravian  settlement  in  Pcnnsyl- 
vania,  on  Lehigh  river,  established  in  17G3; 
50  m.  N.  from  Philadelphia. 

NAMASKET,  r.  Mass.  which  joins  Bridge- 
water  river,  N.  of  Middleborough,  to  form  the 
river  Taunton. 

NANCEVILLE,  v.  Harrison  co.  In. 

NANGIRA,  or  Neoriffr.e,  r.  southerly  branch 
of  the  Osage.  Alwut  20  m.  from  its  mouth 
there  is  a  cascade  of  90  feet  perpendicular, 
and  near  it  are  two  smaller  ones. 

NANJEMOY,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  Charles 
CO.  Md.  near  the  river  Nanjemoy,  which  flows 
into  the  Potomac,  SW.  from  Port  Tobacco.  It 
is  a  jilacc  of  some  trade. 

NANSEMOND,  co.  SE.  part  of  Va.  bound- 
ed N\V.  by  Isle  of  Wight  co.  E.  by  Norlblk 
CO.  S.  by  N.  C.  and  W.  by  Southampton  co. 
Pop.  11,784.    Chief  town,  Suffolk. 

NANSEMOND,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into  the 
Hampton  Road.  It  is  navigable  for  vessels  of 
100  tons  to  Suffolk,  and  for  those  of  250  to 
Sleepy-Hole. 

NANTASKET  ROAD,  the  entrance  into 
Boston  harbor,  Mass.  S.  of  the  light-house. 

NANTI(X)KE,  V.  Broome  co.  N.  Y. 

NANTIC:OKE,  creek  of  Broome  co.  N.  Y. 
rises  between  Chenango  and  Owego  rivers,  and 
falls  into  the  Susquehannah  about  midway  be- 
tween Chenango  Point  and  Owego. 

NANTICOKE,  r.  Md.  which  rises  in  Dcla- 
ware,  and  runs  SW.  into  Fishing  Bay  in  the 
('hesajjcakc. 

NANTICOKE  FALI,S,  in  Pa.  on  the  Sus- 
quchannah,  7i  m.  below  Wilkesbarre. 

NANTUCKET,  isl.  Mai^s.  10  m.  E.  from 
Martha's  Vineyard,  about  b  leagues  S.  tioni 
Cai)e  Cod.  Lon.  GU"  56'  to  70°  13'  W. ;  lat. 
41°  13'  to  41=  22'  N.  It  is  of  triangular  form, 
about  15  m.  long,  and  11  broad  in  the  widest 
|)lace,  containing  2.'),380  acres.  The  land  is 
lield  in  connnon  by  the  inhabitants,  and  though 
of  a  good  quality,  is  little  cultivated  by  thcni, 
as  they  are  generally  oceuj)ied  in  the  whale 
fishery,  in  which  employment  their  enterprise 
and  success  have  gained  them  great  cekibrity- 
Nantucket,  with  several  small  islands  near  it. 
fi)nns  a  county,  and  contains  but  one  town 
which  is  of  the  same  name  with  the  island. 
Pop.  ill  1820,  7,266;  in  1830,  7,202. 

NANTUCKET,  t.  and  s-p.  on  the  abo\R 
iyland,  10  ni.  SE.  from  Falinnutli,  60  SE.  from 


II 


NAN—NAT 


3fS 


New  Bedford,  123  SSE.  from  Boston.  Lon.  70° 
8'  W. ;  lat.  41^^  IG'  N.  It  is  situated  on  an 
arm  of  a  small  bay  in  the  NW.  side  of  the 
isLiiid.  Tliis  bay  is  formed  by  two  projcctinji; 
points,  the  longfr  of  which,  extending  in  a 
NW.  direction,  is  called  Sandy  I'oint,  on  which 
is  a  light-house.  The  town  contains  between 
700  and  800  dwelling-houses,  several  hoi^es 
of  public  worship,  2  banks,  two  insurance  ofli- 
ccs,  a  woollen  manufactory,  and  30  spermaceti 
works,  which  employ  a  capital  of  $GOO,000. 
The  harbor  is  well  land-locked,  and  safe  from 
all  winds.  'I'hcre  is  a  large  amount  of  Bhij)- 
ping  Ixjlongingto  this  jiort  employed  in  whaling. 
NANTUXET  CREEK,  r.  N.  .1.  which  runs 
into  Delaware  Bay.  Lon.7.')J  IG'  W.;  lat.  .31)° 

NAPLES,  t.  Ontario  CO.  N.  Y.  18  m.  S.  from 
Canandaigua,  21G  m.  VV.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
I,9'13. 

NAPLES  BAY,  or  Henderson  Bay,  extends 
from  Hungry  Bay,  SVV.  into  Henderson,  N.  Y. 

NARFiAGANSET,  a  beautilul  bay  which 
opens  into  the  soutliern  coast  of  R.  I.  between 
Seaeonnet  rocks  on  the  E.  and  Point  Judith 
on  the  W.  extending  N.  28  m.  to  tlic  city  of 
Providence,  where  it  terminates.  It  has  an 
average  width  of  about  10  m.  varying  from  1 
to  15.  It  has  been  suggested  by  tlie  navy 
connnissioners,  that  this  bay  would  iiJVord  the 
most  eligible  site  for  a  naval  depot  that  could 
be  found  NE.  of  the  Chesapeake. 

NARRAGUAGUS,  v.  AVashington  co.  Me. 
on  the  Narraguagus,  37  m.  W.  from  Machias. 

NARRAGUAGUS,  r.  Me.  which  runs  into 
Narraguagus  Bay,  at  Harrington. 

NAIIROWS,  7'A«,  channel  between  Long 
Island  and  Staten  Island,  connecting  New 
York  Bay  with  the  Atlantic,  9  m.  S.  from  N. 
York.  The  channel  is  a  little  more  thar  a 
mile  wide,  and  is  well  defended  by  forts  and 
batteries. 

NARROWS,  The,  in  Lake  George,  N.  Y. 
opposite  Bolton,  14  m.  N.  from  Caldwell. 

NASH,  CO.  central  part  of  N.  C.  Pop.  8,492. 
t'liief  town,  Nashville. 

NASHUA,  r.  which  rises  in  Worcester  co. 
Mass.  and  runs  NE.  into  th(  Merrimack  at 
Nasliua  Village,  in  Dunstable,  N.  H.  IJ  m. 
above  the  meeting-house.     Iicngth  40  m? 

NASHAUN,  one  of  the  Elizabeth  islimds, 
Mass.  E.  of  Buzzard's  Bay,  NW.  of  Martha's 
Vineyard. 

NASHVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Davidson  co.  and 
capital  of  the  state  of  Tennessee,  on  S.  side 
of  the  Cumberland,  110  m.  N.  from  Huntsville, 
l!)0  W.  from  Knoxvillc,  2.50  SVV.  from  Lex- 
ington, 430  NE.  by  N.  from  Natchez,  714  SW. 
from  Washington,  594  NE.  from  New  Orleans, 
294  SW.  from  Cincinnati,  288  S.  from  Indian- 
apolis, and  937  SW.  from  N.  Y.  A  branch  of 
the  U.  S.  bank  has  been  fixed  here,  and  has 
Kreat  y  favored  the  growth  of  the  place.  The 
town  is  adorned  with  one  of  the  largest  and 
hanfiBomest  market-houses  in  the  western  coun- 
try. It  is  the  seat  of  the  university  of  Nash- 
ville, which,  in  regard  to  its  profcssor.ships, 
library,  rliemical  and  philosophicnl  iippaiatus, 

ax 


the  estimation  of  its  president,  and  the  actual 
fruits  of  its  iitility,  has  taken  a  high  place 
among  western  institutions  of  the  kind.  It 
was  founded  in  180G,  and  tlie  number  of  Btu- 
dents  ranges  from  70  to  100.  Number  of  vol- 
umes in  the  libraries,  2,500.  The  commence- 
ment is  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  October. 
There  arc  two  vacations  in  a  year ;  the  first, 
from  conmicnccment  5i  weeks ;  the  second, 
from  first  Wednesday  in  April  5^  weeks.  This 
town  contains,  also,  a  number  of  churches,  a 
lyccum,  and  many  handsome  private  dwellings. 
It  issues  four  or  five  gazettes,  which  rank 
among  the  most  respectable  in  the  West  The 
citizens  in  general  evince  an  encouraging  in- 
terest in  the  advancement  of  science,  litera- 
ture, and  taste.  Few  towns  impart  more 
plcjisant  im])ressions  of  general  liospitality  and 
urbanity  to  strangers.  It  contains  5,5G6  in- 
habitants. Tliere  is  a  steam-boat  navigation 
from  Nashville  to  New  Orleans.  The  Cumber- 
land  is  navigable  to  this  place  for  vessels  of 
30  or  40  tons,  9  months  in  the  year,  and  at 
certain  times,  for  ships  of  400  tons. 

NASHVILLE,  v.  and  scat  of  justice,  Nash 
CO.  N.C.  50  m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Raleigh,  273 
from  W. 

NASSAU,  cap.  of  the  island  of  New  Provi- 
dence,  one  of  the  West  Indies.  Lon.  from  W. 
0°.50' W.;  lat.  24055' N. 

NASSAU,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  SE. 
from  Albany.     Pop.  3.254. 

NASSAU,  r,  Florida,  rising  between  St. 
John's  and  St.  Mary's  rivers,  aid  flowing  pa- 
rallel to^-ach,  falls  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean  be- 
tween Talbot  and  Amelia  islands,  after  a  com- 
parative course  of  about  70  m.  Lat  30<^  44' 
N.;  lon.  f5p43'W. 

NASSAU  ROAD,  sailing  passage,  on  the 
coast  of  Mississippi,  W.  of  Mobile  Bay. 

NATA,  or  Santiago  dc  los  CabareUos,  city 
of  N.  America,  in  Veragua.  Lon.  from  W.  3P 
17'  W. ;  lat.  8°  22'  N. 

NATCHAUtJ,  r.  Ct  which  joins  the  She- 
tucket,  in  Windham. 

NATf  ;HEZ,  city  and  port  of  entry,  Adams 
CO.  Mississippi,  on  E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi, 
322  m.  above  New  Orleans  by  the  course  of 
the  river,  156  by  land,  90  W.  from  Mcmticelk), 
430  SW.  by  S..from  Nashville,  and  1,146  from 
VV.  The  site  of  the  town  is  very  irregular, 
the  principal  part  being  built  on  a  high  bluff, 
and  the  remainder  at  its  foot  on  the  bank  of 
the  river.  The  stieets  of  the  upper  town  are 
regular,  crossing  at  right  angles.  If  contains 
a  court-house,  jail,  a  bank,  an  academy,  several 
churches,  and  issues  3  or  4  weekly  newspapers. 
Pop.  2,790. 

NATCHITOCHES,  t  and  cap,  Natchito- 
ches CO.  La.  on  the  SW.  bank  of  Red  river, 
about  200  m.  above  its  junction  with  the  Mis- 
sissippi, 200  in  a  right  line  NW.  from  New 
Orleans,  jind  1,148  from  W.  Jajiu  930  20'  W.; 
lat.  31^  IG'  N.  This  town  was  settled  before 
New  Orleans,  but  continued  mitil  lately  an  in- 
considerable  village.  It  is  now  flourishmg,  and 
contains  a  Roman  Catholic  church,  a  jail,  a 
U  S.  factory,  and  about  800  inhabitants. 


iW'3 


I  ••  '1 


346 


NAT— NET 


i%   l-'i; 


.1 


''i  fr         * 


NATURAL  BRIDGE. 

NATURAL  BRIDGE,  in  Rockbridge  co. 
Va.  This  bridge,  which  is  over  Cedar  creek, 
is  one  of  the  greatest  natural  curiosities  in  the 
world.    See  page  95. 

NAUGATUCK,  r.  Ct.  which  flows  S.  and 
joins  the  Housatonnuc,  at  Derby.  Length  50 
miles.  • 

NAVESINK,  harbor  on  tlie  coast  of  Mon- 
mouth CO.  N.  J.  5  m.  NW.  from  Slirewsbury. 
The  Naveaink  Hills,  282  feet  high,  are  tljc  first 
land  seen  in  approaching  the  coast. 

NAVY,  t  Orleans  co.  Vt  €0  m.  NE.  from 
Montpelier. 

NAVY  ISLAND,  in  the  Niagara,  between 
Grand  Isle  and  the  Falls ;  1  m.  Jong,  and  1 
broad;  15  m.  NNE.  from  Navv  Hall. 

NAZARETH,  t.  Northampton  co.  Pa.  7  m. 
NW.  from  Easton,  10  NNE.  from  Betiilehem, 
62  N.  from  Philadelphia.  Tliis  is  a  phasant 
and  handnome  town,  regularly  built  of  stone, 
and  contains  a  celebrated  Moravian  academy. 

NEEDHAM,  t.  Norfolk  cq.  Matss.  on  the 
river  Charles,  opposite  Newton,  6  ni.  WNW. 
from  Dedham,  12  WSW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,420.  Between  this  town  and  Newton  the 
river  has  2  falls ;  one  of  20  feet.  These  afford 
many  excellent  luill-seats;  and  on  Needham 
side  there  are  3  paper-mills,  besides  other 
mills. 

NEHOG  ATOOANNAH,  r.  America,  which 
runs  into  the  Mississippi,  Ion.  93°  5'  W. ;  lat 
44°  24'  N. 

NEHUMIKEAG,  isl.  in  the  Kennebeck, 
14  m.  above  the  Merrymeeting  Bay. 

NELSON,  formerly  Packersfield,  t.  Cheshire 
CO.  N.  H.  8  m.  NE.  from  Keene,  40  WSW. 
from  Concord.  Pop.  875.  Here  is  a  cotton 
and  woollen  manufactory. 

NELSON,  t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  35  ni.  SW. 
from  Utica.    Pop.  2,445. 


NELSON,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Oliio. 

NE!,yON,  t  Portage  co.  Ohio. 

NELSON,  English  settlement  in  N.  Ameri- 
ca,  on  the  W.  side  of  Hudson's  Bay,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Nelson,  250  m.  SE.  of 
Churchhill  Fort.  It  belongs  to  the  Hudson's 
Bay  (^-ompany,  who  carry  on  a  great  trade  in 
beaver  and  other  skins.  Lon.  92°  35'  W. ;  lat. 
57°  7'  N. 

NELSON,  CO.  Va.  bounded  by  James  river 
or  Buckingham  SE.  Amherst  SW.  the  Blue 
Ridge  or  Rockbridge  and  Augusta  NW.  and 
Albemarle  NE.  Length  23  m.  mean  widtli  15. 
Besides  being  washed  by  James  river,  it  iu 
drained  by  Rock  Fish  and  Tye  rivers.  War- 
minster,  the  chief  town,  is  about  60  m.  a  little 
N.  of  W.  from  Richmond.  Pop.  in  1820, 
10,137;  in  1830,  11,251,  of  whom  5,308  are 
colored. 

NELSON,  CO.  Ken.  bounded  E.  and  SE.  by 
Washington,  S.  and  SW.  by  the  Rolling  fork 
of  Salt  river,  or  Hardin,  NW.  by  Bullit,  and 
N.  by  Salt  river  or  Shelby.  Length  30  miles, 
mean  width  17.  Chief  town,  Bairdstown.  Pop. 
in  1820, 16,273 ;  in  1830, 14,916. 

NELSON'S  FORT,  a  British  factory  attlie 
mouth  of  Nelson's  river.  Lon.  from  W.  15° 
42'  W.  •  lat.  57°  12'  N. 

NELSON'S  RIVER,  large  r.  of  N.  Ameri. 
ca,  in  Cabotia,  or  British  America.  It  rises 
in  Lake  Winnipeg,  and  flowing  about  350  m. 
in  a  NE.  direction,  empties  into  Hudson's  Bay, 
in  lat.  57°  30'  N. ;  lon.  93°  W. 

NELSON'S  FERRY,  v.  S.  C.  50  m.  N.  from 
Charleston. 

NEMAHA,  r.  La.  which  runs  into  the  Mis- 
souri, 380  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

NEN.  r.  U.  C.  empties  itself  into  Lake  On. 
tario,  in  the  t.  of  Pickering. 

NEOPSCO  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
the  Potomac. 

NEPANOSE,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  on  W. 
branch  of  the  Susquehannah.  Near  this  town 
is  a  remarkable  valley. 

NEPONSET,  a  1  andsome  village,  partly  in 
Milton  and  partly  in  Dorchester,  Norfolk  co. 
Mass.  on  both  sides  of  Neponset  river,  6  m.  S. 
from  Boston.  It  has  a  number  of  establish- 
ments, where  paper,  chocolate,  cards,  and  other 
articles,  are  manufactured ;  also  fulling-mills, 
corn-mills,  and  various  others. 

NEPONSET,  creek  of  Boston  harbor,  navi- 
gable four  miles  to  Milton,  for  vessels  of  150 
tons. 

NESCOPECK,  r.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  which 
runs  into  the  Susquehannali,  at  Nescopeck 
Falls. 

NESCOPECK,  t.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  at  tlie 
junction  of  the  Nescopeck  with  the  Susque- 
hannah,  about  38  m.  ENE.  from  Northumber- 
land. 

NESCOPECK,  mt  Pa.  on  the  borders  of 
the  Susquehannah. 

NESHAMINY,  r.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  which  runs 
SE.  into  the  Delaware,  5  or  6  m.  below  Bristol. 

NESHNABATONA,  r.  La.  which  runs  into 
the  Missouri,  508  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

NETCHEZ,  r.  Louisiana,  which  runs  south- 


NES— NEW 


347 


^a.  which  runs  into 


me  CO.  Pa.  at  the 
I  with  the  Susque- 
,  from  Northuinber- 

on  the  borders  of 


erly,  went  of  the  slate  of  I.uuisiiinii,  and  flows 
into  tlie  Sabine  Luke. 

NEUS,  river  of  N.  C.  which  enters  PamUco 
Sound,  below  Newbern,  where  it  is  a  mile  and 
a  half  broad.  It  rises  in  Person  co.  interlock- 
ing sources  with  Dan  river,  branch  of  Roan- 
oke, and  flowing  through  Granville,  Orange, 
Wake,  Johnson,  Wayne,  Lenoir,  and  Craven 
COS.  empties  into  Pamlico  Sound.  It  is  navi- 
gable for  boats  to  Raleigh. 

NEVERSINK,  or  Navesink,  t.  Sullivan  co. 
N.  Y.  Pop.  946.  It  lies  on  E.  side  of  Rock- 
land. 

NEVERSINK,  r.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.    It  lies 
on  E.  side  of  Rockland,  and  runs  into  the 
Delaware. 
NEVERSINK  HILLS.    Sec  Navesink. 
NEVILLA,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio. 
NEVILLSVILLE,  v.  Clermont  co.  Ohio, 
containing  about  200  inhabitants,  30  m.  above 
Cincinnati. 

NEVIS,  one  of  the  leeward  Caribbee  islands 
in  the  West  Indies,  divided  from  the  E.  end 
of  St.  Christopher's  by  a  narrow  channel.  It 
has  but  one  mountain,  which  is  in  the  middle, 
very  high,  and  covered  with  large  trees  to 
the  summit.  Here  are  springs  of  fresh  water 
and  a  hot  bath,  of  a  nature  similar  to  those  of 
Bath,  in  Eng.  It  is  a  small  island,  but  very 
fruitful,  and  subject  to  the  English.  Charles- 
ton is  the  capital. 
NEW  AI.BANY,  v.  Bradford  co.  Pa. 
NEW  ALBANY,  handsomely  situated,  t. 
and  seat  of  justice  for  Floyd  co.  In.  It  is  situ- 
ated on  the  right  bank  of  Ohio  river,  4  m.  be- 
low Louisville,  and  2  below  Shippingport  in 
Ken.  It  contains  about  1,500  inhabitants,  a 
steam,  saw  and  grist  mill,  and  a  phip-yard. 

NEW  ALEXANDRIA,  v.  Westmoreland 
CO.  Pa.  on  Loyalhanna  river,  11  m.  NE.  from 
Greensburg. 

NEW  ALEXANDRIA,  small  town  of  Co- 
lumbiana  co.  Ohio. 

NEW  ANTRIM,  t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  situ- 
ated on  the  post  and  stage-road,  from  N.  Y.  to 
Albany,  34  m.  N.  by  \V.  of  tlie  former,  and  33 
SE.  of  Goshen. 

NEWARK,  U.  C.  is  situated  on  the  W.  side, 
at  the  entrance  of  Niagara  river,  opposite  the 
fortress  of  Niagara,  on  Lake  Ontario.  This 
town  was  laid  out  in  the  year  1794.  It  now 
contains  about  150  persons,  2  churches,  a  jail, 
and  academy.  The  first  provincial  parliament 
met  at  this  place,  and  the  pubUc  offices  of  gov. 
emment  have  been  held  pro  tempore  here. 

NEWARK,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Essex  co. 
N.  J.  situated  on  the  W.  side  of  Passaic  river, 
on  a  plain ;  the  streets  are  wide  and  generally 
straight.    Here  are  two  banks,  and  several  ex- 
tensive tanneries,  and  other  manufacturing  es- 
tablishments. There  are  extensive  quarries  of 
valuable  building  stone  in  its  vicinity.    It  is  9 
m.  W.  of  N.  Y.  and  6  NNE.  from  Elizabeth- 
town. 
NEWARK,  V.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y. 
NEWARK,  v.  Ontario  CO.  N.  Y. 
NEWARK,  t.  Newcastle  co.  Del.  14  m. 
SW.  from  Wilmington. 


NEWAUK,  V.  Worcester  co.  Md. 
NEWARK,  V.  Louisa  co.  Va.  25  m.  NW. 

from  Richmond. 

NEWARK,  t.  or  a  seat  of  justice.  Licking 
CO.  Ohio.  It  is  situated  near  the  confluence 
of  the  principal  branches  of  Licking  river,  26 
m.  W.  by  N.  from  Zanesville,  26  N.  by  E.  from 
Lancaster,  and  33  E.  by  N.  from  Columbus. 
It  contains  a  Presbyterian  meeting-house,  and 
a  court-house  of  brick.     Pop.  511. 

NEWARK  BAY,  sheet  of  water  extending 
from  Staten  Island  Sound  to  the  mouth  of  Pas- 
Siiic  and  Hackensack  rivers,  in  a  direction  of 
NNE.  2  m.  wide  and  6  long. 

NEW  ASHFORD,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass. 
25  m.  N.  from  Lenox.     Pop.  2H5. 

NEW  ATHENS,  v.  in  the  southern  part 
of  Harrison  co.  Ohio,"  G  m.  S.  from  Cadiz.  It 
is  seated  on  both  sides  of  the  line,  dividing 
Cadiz  from  Short  creek,  lying,  therefore,  partly 
in  both  of  those  two  towns, 

NEW  ATHENS,  or  Tiogatown,  v.  Bradford 
CO.. Pa.  It  is  situated  near  the  confluence  of 
the  Tioga  river,  and  the  E.  branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehannah  ;  a  situation  very  convenient  to 
intercept  the  trade  of  both  rivers. 

NEW  BALTIMORE,  v.  and  t.  Greene  co. 
N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson,  18  m.  below  Albany. 
Pop.  2,370. 

NEW  BALTIMORE,  v.  Fauquier  co.  Va. 
45  m".  from  W. 

NEW  BARBADOES,  t.  Bergen  co.  N.  J. 
Pop.  l,r.93. 

NEW  BEDFORD,  v.  and  seaport  of  Mass. 
in  Bristol  co.  on  a  small  arm  of  Buzzard  bay. 
It  has  a  secure  harbor.  The  principal  occu- 
pation of  the  inhabitants  is  fishing,  preparing 
whale  oil,  spermaceti,  and  candles,  which  arti- 
cles they  export  in  considerable  quantities. 

NEW  BEDFORD,  p.  Mahoning  t.  Mercer 
CO.  Pa.  15  m.  SW.  from  Mercer. 

NEW  BERLIN,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y. 
Pop.  2,643. 

NEW  BERLIN,  v.  and  seat  of  justice.  Union 
CO.  Pa.  on  Penn's  creek,  11  m.  W.  from  Sun- 
bury,  and  168  from  W. 

NEWBERN,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Va. 

NEWBERN,  capital  of  Craven  eo.  N.  C. 
situated  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  river  Neuse,  at 
its  junction  with  the  Trent,  33  m.  S.  of  Wash- 
ington, on  Pamlico  river,  ii.nd  81  S.  by  W.  of 
Edenton,  on  Albemarle  Sound.  This  is  a  vil- 
lage and  iwrt  of  entry,  the  most  populous  in 
the  state,  and  was  the  seat  of  government  be- 
fore the  revolution. 

NEWBERJJVILLE,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 
25  m.  from  Utiea. 

NEWBERRY,  district  of  S.  C.  bounded  by 
Lexington  SE.  Saluda  river  or  Edgefield  SW. 
Laurens  NW.  Ennorcc  river  or  Union  N.  and 
Broad  river  or  Fairfield  NE.  Length  25,  mean 
width  20  m.  The  soil  is  productive  in  cotton, 
which  is  the  principal  staple.  Chief  town, 
Newberry.  Pop.  in  1820,  16,104;  in  1830, 
17,441. 

NEWBERRY,  v.  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 

NEWBERRY,  v.  Christian  co.  Ken. 

NEWBERRY,  v.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  on  th« 


m 


W 


^ 


348 


NKVV— NHVV 


W.  bank  of  fiyooiniiijf  crtxl*,  opiiosili'  Wil- 
liomsport. 

NEWIIRRRY,  t.  ami  so.it  of  jiisticp,  New- 
berry  district,  S.  (J.  40  in.  NVV.  i'roni  Colum- 
bia. 

NEW  BLOOMFIEI.D,  v.  Pc  rry  co.  Pa.  25 
m.  SW.  from  Ilarrisburp. 

NEW  BOSTON,  t.  HillBboroni;rh  co.  N.  II. 
Pop.  1,680.  It  is  situated  on  a  brancli  of  tho 
Merrimack  river,  50  m.  westward  from  Ports- 
mouth. 

NEW  BOSTON,  v,  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  119 
m.  westerly  from  Boston. 

NEW  BOSTON,  v.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  30 
m.  from  Utica. 

NEW  BOSTON,  v.  Clarke  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
western  side  of  Mad  river,  4  ni.  SW.  from 
Springfield. 

NEW  BOURBON,  v.  St.  Genevieve  co. 
Miso.  containing  about  70  houses  and  S.W  in- 
liubitantB.   It  stands  3  m.  below  St.  Ccnevic^ve. 

NEW  BOWLING  GREEN,  v.  Washiiifr. 
ton  ca  Miso.  99  m.  SSW.  from  Sf.  JiOuis. 

NEWBORN,  V.  Jasper  co.  Geo.  63  ni.  NW. 
from  Millcdgevillc. 

NEW  BRAINTREE,  t.  Worcester  co. 
Mass.  18  m.  WNW.  from  Worcester. 

NEW  BROWNSVILLE,  Wayne  co.  Ohio, 
on  Jerome's  fork. 

NEW  BRUNSWICK.  Sen  Brunswick, 
New. 

NEW  BRUNSWICK,  in  British  America. 
See  page  167. 

NEWBURGH,  t.  Pcnol)ficot  co.  Mo. 

NEWBURGII,  t.  and  haif-shirc  Orange  co. 
N.  Y.  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson,  !)5  ni. 
S.  of  Albany,  and  70  on  the  stiigi-roiul  N.  of 
N.  Y.  Pop.  of  the  whole  town,  (),.121.  The 
village  is  pleasantly  situated  on  llu;  Hudson. 
Its  trade  employs  50  vessels  or  more.  It  is 
increasing  rapidly  in  wealth  and  population. 
It  eontnins  a  bank,  court-hotise,  academy,  and 
several  houses  of  public  worship,  for  Presby- 
terians, Episcopalians,  and  Methodists.  On 
(Chambers'  creek  is  an  extensive  carmoii  fbun- 
dery. 

NEWBURGH,  t.  Cuyahoga  co.  Ohio,  SE. 
of  Cleveland.    Pop.  869. 

NEWBURY,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  on  Connecti- 
cut river,  opposite  Ilaverliill,  34  nt.  ESE.  from 
Montpelier,  47  above  Windsor.    Vop''ii,^i)2. 

NEWBURY,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  on  the  S. 
bank  of  Merrimack  river,  opposite  to  Salisbury, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge,  24  m. 
N.  from  Salem,  32  NNE.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
3,803.  It  contains  2  academidfe,  and  5  Con- 
gregational churches. 

NEWBURY,  district,  S.  C.  See  Newherry. 

NEWBURY,  t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio,  Pop. 
594. 

NEWBURYPORT,  t.  and  port  of  entry, 
Essex  CO.  Mass.  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Merri- 
mack, 3  m.  from  its  mouth,  24  N.  from  Salem, 
24  SSW.  from  Portimouth,  33  NNE.  from 
Boston.  Lon.  70°  47'  W. ;  lat.  42="  49'  N. 
Pop.  6,388. 

NEWBY'S  CROSS-ROADS,  v.  Culpepcr 
CO.  Va. 


Nr;VV(A.STI,i;,  l.  I.iiuolu  eo.  Me.  ?  m. 
NNi:.  fioiii  Wisrnssel,  Ki.'i  NK.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  I,.'"»4I.     Hero  is  au  nrndoniy. 

NHWCAS'l'Lli  or'Jircnt  Island,  inl.  an.l  I. 
Roekinghani  r;o.  N.  H.  in  tlic  mouth  of  the 
Piseatucpia,  2  m.  11.  from  Portsmoulli.  I'on. 
592.  On  tlie  NE.  point  arc  a  light-houso  and 
a  fort. 

NEWCASTLE,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  C, 
m.  W.  from  Bc(it()rd,  37  N.  from  New  York. 
Pop.  1,33(1. 

NEWCASTLE,  ro.  Delaware,  bounded  N. 
by  Pennsylvania,  E.  by  Delaware  river  and 
bay,  S.  by  Kent  co.  and  W.  by  Maryland. 
The  Chesapeake  and  Delaware  canal  eroefcv* 
this  eo.  Length  3(i  m.  mean  width  12;  area 
4.12  sq.  ms.  Pop.  in  1H2(),  27,8i>9 ;  in  IH.'IO, 
2!',710.  C^hief  towns,  Newcastle  and  VVil- 
Hiington. 

NEWCASTLE,  t.  and  cap.  Newcastle  co. 
Delaware,  on  W.  bank  of  the  river  Delaware, 
5  m.  SSW.  from  Wilmington,  33  SW.  from 
Philadelphia,  103  from  W.  Lon.  75^  .3.5'  \V.; 
lat.  39°  43'  N.  It  contains  2  houses  of  public 
wor.ship,  1  for  Episcopalians  and  1  for  Presby- 
terians, a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  and 
about  150  houses,  and  has  some  trade.  A 
rail-road  passes  from  this  place  to  French- 
town,  Md. 

NEWCASTLE,  t.  Mercer  co.  Va. 

NEW(;AS'l'r;E,  f.  Hanover  co.  Virginia, 
on  the  Pamunky,  21  miles  NE.  from  Rich- 
mond. 

NEWCASTIiE,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio. 

NEWCASTLE,  t.  and  cap.  Henry  eo.  Ken. 
on  the  river  Kentucky,  18  m.  S.  from  We.^t- 
port,  .')5G  from  W.  It  contains  the  comity 
buildings,  a  bank,  and  about  J5()  houses. 

NEW  C^IIESTER,  t.  (Jraflon  co.  N.  H.  on 
the  Merrimack.     Pop.  1,090. 

NEWCOME,  V.  Preble  co.  Ohio,  103  m. 
SW.  by  W.  from  Columbus. 

NEW(^OjVIERSTOWN,  settlement,  in  tlie 
SW.  quarter  of  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio,  18  m. 
SW.  by  W.  from  New  Philadelphia,  and  4  E. 
from  Coshocton. 

NEW  CONCORD,  v.  Columbia  co.  N.  Y. 
48  m.  from  Albany. 

NEW  DURHAM,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  H.  40 
m.  NW.  from  Portsmouth.    Pep.  1,162. 

NEW  EtJYPT,  V.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J.  35 
m.  NE.  by  K  from  Philadelphia. 

NEW  "ENGLAND,  name  given  at  an  early 
period  to  all  the  country  that  lies  between 
Canada  and  New  York,  and  which  at  present 
comprises  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts, 
Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  Vermont,  and 
Maine. 

NEWENHAM,  Cape,  rocky  point  of  con- 
siderable height,  on  the  W.  coast  of  N.  Ameri- 
ca. It  was  discovered  by  Capt.  Cook,  in  1778. 
Lon.  162°  24'  W.;  l.at.  58=  42'  N. 

NEW  FAIRFIELD,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct. 
Pop.  958.  It  is  situated  between  Brookfield 
and  the  state  of  N.  York. 

NEW  FANE,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt  Pop. 
1,411.  It  is  situated  on  the  E.  side  of  West 
liver,  8  m.  NW.  from  Fulluun. 


•Ki^- 


^ 


NEW-  .\FAV 


340 


CO.  Ohio,  103  111. 


ilumbia  co.  N.  Y. 


;ky  point  of  con- 
oast  of  N.  Ameri- 
ipt.  Cook,  in  1778. 
12' N. 

Fairfield  co.  Ct. 
jtweeu  Brookficld 


NEW  FKIJ('F.\NA,  |.aiisli,  l.a.  IkjiiikIl.! 
N.  by  MissisHijiiti,  !■<.  liy  Amilii  river, or  piirisli 
St  Helena,  S.  hy  I']iist  Hiitnn  1{om<,'(',  and  SW. 
by  the  MisHiHsijjpi  river.  Si.  rr.inci.-ivillc;  in 
the  only  town  worthy  of  notice.  Pop.  in  1820, 
12,732;  in  IH.'m,  lti,H7(i. 

NEWFIEIJ),  V.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.  210 
in.  W.  from  Albany,  9  from  Ithaca.  Pop. 
9,Gfvl. 

NEWFIELD,  t.  York  co.Mo.40  m.NNW. 
from  York.    Pop.  1,28!). 

NEWFOUND  LAKE,  lake,  N.  IT.  in  II(!- 
bron,  Now  ('hcfltcr,  Alexandria,  and  Uridjro. 
water,  6  m.  loiiitr  from  N.  to  S.  and  il\  broad. 

NEWFOUNDLAND,  isLontiu!  E.  coast  of 
N.  America,  between  17^  and  !ii^  N.  lat.  It 
was  discovered  by  Sebastian  OalHit  in  M!)fi, 
aud,  after  many  disputes  with  the  French,  it 
was  ceded  to  the  Enfflisii  in  1713.  It  is  of  a 
triangular  form,  from  300  to  3.'>0  m.  on  a  side. 
It  has  several  harlwrs,  and  there  are  about  5 
or  600  English  ffurtihes  settled  here,  beside 
the  garrison  of  St.  John,  Placentia,  and  other 
forts.  In  the  fishing  season,  whicii  begins  in 
May  and  ends  in  Scptemlicr,  it  is  resorted  to 
by  at  least  10,000  people,  on  account  of  tlu! 
cod  fisheries  on  the  banks  near  it 

NEWFOUND  RIVKR,  r.  N.  H.  which 
flows  from  Newfound  Lake,  and  after  a  south- 
erly cotirsc  of  4  or  5  m.  runs  into  tiic  Merri- 
mack near  Rristol. 

NEWFOUND  MILLS,  v.  Hanover  co.  Va 

NEW  GARDEN,  t  Ciiestcr  co.  Pa. 

NEW  GARDEN,  v.  Robinson  co.  N.  C. 

NEW  GARDEN,  v.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 

NEW  GKNEVA,  v.  Fayette  co.  Pa. 

NEW  GEORGIA,  islands,  12  in  niimhor, 
in  the  Polar  sea,  disrovenid  in  181  f),  by  Lient. 
Parry.    The  largest  is  Melville  Island. 

NEW  GERMANTOWN,  v.  Huntingdon 
CO.  N.  J. 

NEW  GLASGOW,  v.  Amherst  co.  Va. 
Here  is  an  academy  for  young  ladies. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE,  one  of  the  U.  S.  Sec 
p.  48. 

NEW  HAMPTON,  t.  StraflTord  co.  N.  H. 
on  the  Merrimack,  30  m.  above  Concord.  Pop. 

NEW  HAMPTON,  v.  Hunterdon  N.  J.  21 
ni.  N.  by  W.  from  Flemington,  40  NW.  troni 
New  Brunswick. 

NEW  HANOVER,  co.  N.  C.  bounded  by 
the  Atlantic  ocean  SE.  Cape  Fear  river,  or 
Brunswick  SW.  Bladen  W.  Sampson  NW. 
Duplin  N.  and  Orslon  £.  Length  50  m.  mean 
width  25.  Surface  mostly  flat,  and  in  part 
marshy.  Staples,  cotton  and  tobacco.  Chief 
town,  Wilmington.  Pop.  in  1820, 10,866 ;  in 
1830, 10,759. 

NEW  HARTFORD,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct 
22  m.  W.  by  N.  of  the  city  of  Hartford,  and 
12  m.  NE.  of  Litchfield,  the  shire  town.  Pop. 
1,766. 

NEW  HARTFORD,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.Y. 
4  m.  W.  from  Utica. 

NEW  HAVEN,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt  on  Ot- 
ter  creek. 

NEW  HAVEN,  co.  Ct  bounded  by  Long 
Island  Sound  S.  Housatonimc  river,  or  Fairfield 


SW.  Litehlieid  NW.  fliirllbid  N.  and  Middle- 
sex NE.  Length  27  m.  mi-an  breadth  22. 
This  county  is  one  of  the  most  |)Ica8ingly  di- 
versified of  any  in  tile  United  States.  A  chain 
of  niuinitii  ins  of  moderate  elevation,  iHTvadcB  it 
from  SSW.  to  NNE.  an<l  the  surfiice  is  in 
general  iindiilnting,  except  near  tiio  Sound. 
Chief  town,  New  Haven.  Pop.  in  1820, 
39,(il6;  in  IKJO,  4.3,8 18. 

NEW  HAVEN,  city,  seaport,  and  can.  of 
New  Haven  co.  i'A.  and  semi-capital  of   the 
state,  stands  at  the  head  of  a  bay  which  oponB 
4  m.  into  the  land,  from  Long  Island  Sound, 
It  is  surroinuied  by  a  ])eautiful  and  extensive 
plain,  bounded  on  all  sides,  except  towards  the 
water,  by  lolly  hills,  which  rise  in  some  |ilaces 
to  the  height  of  .300  or  400  feet.    It  is  laid  out 
with  great  regularity  and  neatness ;  the  streets 
are  (It  feet  in  width,  and  their   inlersections 
rectangular.     A  sipiare  in  tlu;  centre  is   laid 
out  as  a  public  ground.    It  is  adiirned  with 
rows  of  linndsomc  shade  trees  and  spacious 
walks.    On  this  square  stand  the  public  build- 
ings, the  college  edifices,  and  4  churches.    For 
beauty,  there  are  few  squares  in  the  Union  to 
com|)aro  with  this.     Two  of  the  churches  arc 
for  ('ongregationalista,  and  are  very  elegant 
structures.     Another  is  for  Episeojialians,  :ind 
is  a  most  superb  (Jothic  edifice  of  stone.     The 
state-house,    which    stands    in   front  of  this 
s(iuare,  is  one  of  the  haiiilsomest  buildings  of 
the  kind  in  the  United  States.     This  city  con- 
tains also  a  Methodist  meeting-house,  a  jail,  an 
ahns-lioiise,  a  muscuni,  an  observatory,  2  banks, 
a  large  gun  fiietory,  and  manufactories  of  p:i- 
jier  and  cotton.     Yale  College,  at  this  jjlaee, 
was  founded  in  1700,  and  ranks  as  the  second 
literary  institution  in  the  Union.     The  college 
library  contains  8,500  volumes,  and  the  stu- 
dents', 9,000.     T)ic  philc  iojihicul  and  chenii- 
cal  apparatus  is  excellent  and  complete.     The 
faculty  consists  of  a  president,  10  jirofessors, 
and  5  tutors.      Tiie   whole   ninnber  of  stu- 
dents  in  1829,  divided  among  the  departments 
of  law,  medicine,  theology,  and  the  academic 
course,  was  41)6.    Of  this  number,  the  college 
students  made  269.    The  requisites  for  admi.s- 
sion  into  the  freshman  class,  are,  a  good  know- 
ledge of  Cicero's  Select  Orations,  Virgil,  Sal- 
lust,  Gra?ca  Minora,  the  Greek  Tcstnnent,  and 
common  Arithmetic.  The  candidate  must  also 
be  14  years  of  age.    The  following  is  the 
course  of  study :  1  st  year,  Livy,  five  first  books, 
Homer,  5  or  6  books,  (ieography,  Webber's 
Arithmetic,  Day's  Algebra,  Adams'  Roman 
Anti<iuities ;  2d  year,  Horace,  Grteca  Majora, 
Murray's  English  Grammar,  Elements  of  His- 
tory and  Chronology,  Euclid,  Plain  Trigonom- 
etry, Mensuration,  Surveying,  Navigation,  Co- 
nic Sections,  Spherical  Geometry  and  Trigo- 
nometry, and  Rhetoric ;  3d  year,  Cicero  de  Or- 
atore,  and  de  Officiis,  Tacitus'  History,  5  books, 
de  Vita  Agricola,  and  do  Moribus  Germanorum, 
Grojca  Majora,  1st  vol.  finished,  Vincc's  Flux- 
ions, Enfield's  Natural  Philosophy  and  Astron- 
omy, Ferguson's  History  of  Civil  Society,  and 
Chemistry ;  4t}i  year,  Hebrew,  Natural  Philo- 
sophy, and  Chemistry  continued,  Tjocke  on  the 
Human  Understanding,  Hedge's  liOgic,  Blair's 

W 


>j^^ 


nil' 


w:- ' 


?'i 


§1^    '     i 


350 


NEW— NFAV 


Rlictorir,  Palcy's  Moral  Philosophy,  NiiturallCity  and  Henrico  cos.  and  W.  by  iliinov<>r  co. 


Theology,  and  Evidences  of  (Jhristiuiiity.  Tiu; 
ptudcntfl  attend  the  Icctun's  ofthn  several  pro- 
fcRHors  on  tlicir  respective  brandies,  and  have 
ftcqucnt  exercises  in  speaking  and  com|ioHi. 
tion.  Commencement  is  held  on  the  2d  Wed- 
nesday in  September.  There  are  3  vacations ; 
the  Ist  from  eommonccment,  6  weeks ;  the  2d 
from  the  2d  Wednesday  in  January,  3  weeks; 
the  3d  from  the  Wcdne8<luy  iniincdiately  pre- 
ceding the  2d  Thursday  ia  May,  3  wedks. 
The  whole  number  of  graduates  up  to  1 830, 
was  4,355,  of  whom  1,257  )ud  devoted  them- 
selves to  the  ministry.  There  is  connected 
with  the  college,  a  Medical  Institution,  which 
was  established  in  1813,  and  has  4  professors, 
one  of  materia  medico  and  botany,  one  of  the 
theory  and  practice  of  physic,  surgery,  and  ob. 
stetrics,  one  of  Cliemistry  and  piiarmacy,  and 
one  of  anatomy  and  pliysiology.  TJie  Medical 
College  is  an  elegant  edifice  of  stone.  There 
are  belonging  to  this  department  a  valuable 
anatomical  nmscum,  and  a  medical  library. 
The  lectures  commence  on  the  1st  of  Novem- 
ber. The  course  of  each  professor  includes 
about  100  lectures.  New  Haven  is  the  largest 
seaport  in  the  state.  A  large  amount  of  ship- 
ping is  owned  here.  Steam-boats  run  daily 
between  it  and  New  York.     Pop.  10,180. 

NEW  HAVEN,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y. '  Pop. 
MIO. 
NEW  HAVEN,  v.  Huron  co.  Ohio. 
NEW  HAVEN,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  and 
containing  New  Haven  city.    Pop.  in  1820, 
8,326;  in  1830, 10,678, 

NEW  HAVEN,  t.  in  the  S.  borders  of  Hu- 
ron CO.  Oliia 

NEW  HAVEN,  v.  Hamilton  co.  Oliio,  129 
m.  SW.  from  Columbus 

NEW  HAVEN,  v.  Gallatin  co.  II.  74  m. 
SSE.  from  Vandalia. 

NEW  HOLLAND,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  13 
m.  NE.  from  Lancaster. 

NEW  HOPE,  V.  Spartansburg  district,  S.C. 
NEW  HOPE,  V.  Hancock  co.  Geo.  20  m. 
from  Milledgeville. 

NEW  IBERIA,  V.  Louisiana,  parish  of  St. 
Martin's,  on  the  right  bank  of  Teche,  48  m. 
above  its  mouth,  consisting  of  one  street  along 
tlie  river,  containing  about  40  houses,  and  200 
inhabitants.  The  bank  is  here  something 
higher  than  it  is  either  above  or  below ;  schoon- 
ers drawing  4  or  5  feet  water  come  upftoNew 
Iberia  at  all  seasons.    Lat.  30°  N. 

NEWINGTON,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H, 
on  the  E.  side  of  Great  Bay,  5  m.  NW.  from 
Portsmouth.    Pop.  549. 

NEW  INLET,  coast  of  N.  J.  See  Little 
Eggharbor. 

NEW  INLET,  one  of  the  mouths  of  Cape 
Fear  river,  N.  C. 

NEW  IPSWICH,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H. 
52  m.  N.  from  Boston.  It  contains  an  academy 
and  a  number  of  mills.    Pop.  1,673 

NEW  JERSEY,  one  of  the  states  of  the 
U.  S.    See  page  74, 

NEW  KENT,  CO.  Vo.  bounded  N.  by  Pa 


Pop.  6,157.    ('hiof  town.  New  Kent  C.  H. 

NEW  LEBANON,  V.  Columbia  co.  N.Y. 
on  the  road  from  Pittsfield  to  Albany,  24  m. 
from  the  latter  place.  This  town  is  remarka- 
ble  for  a  tepid  spring  which  has  become  a 
watering  place  of  much  resort.  The  Shakers 
own  3,000  acres  of  land  in  this  town,  and  have 
a  very  flourishing  settlement  near  Lebanon 
village. 

NEW  LEBANON,  v.  Camden  co.  N.  C. 
230ni.  NE.  from  Raleigh. 

NEW  LEXINGTON,  v.  Richland  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  W.  bank  of  Mohican  creek,  10  m.  from 
Belleville. 

NEW  LEXINGTON,  v.  Knox  co.  Ohio, 
13  ni.  E.  from  Mount  Vernon. 

NEW  LEXINGTON,  t.  in  the  eastern  part 
of  Preble  co.  Ohio,  on  Twin  creek,  upon  the 
road  from  Dayton  to  Eaton,  6  m.  E.  from 
Eaton,  19  W.  from  Dayton,  arid  85  W.  by  S. 
from  C'olumbus. 

NEW  LEXl5fGT0N,  v.  Scott  co.  In.  17 
m.  W.  from  Madi-son.  Salt  wells  have  been 
dug  here  to  the  great  depth  of  700  feet.  It 
contains  about  60  houses,  300  inhabitants,  and 
one  printing-office. 

NEW  LIBERTY,  v.  Owen  co.  Ken.  40  m. 
by  postroad  from  Frankfort. 

NEW  LISBON,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.Y.  10  m. 
SW.  from  Cooper's-town.    Pop.  2,232. 

NEW  LISBON,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 
near  the  E.  side  of  Cattail  creek,  branch  of  the 
Patuxcnt,  and  on  Frederick  turnpike,  22  m. 
W.  from  Baltimore. 

NEW  LISBON,  flourishing  v.  and  seat  of 
justice,  Columbiana  co.  Ohio,  35  rn.  S.  from 
Varren  in  Trumbull  co.  56  m.  NE.  from  Pitts- 
burg, 160  NE.  from  Columbus.  It  contains 
some  elegant  county  buildings,  a  bank,  and  2 
brick  meeting-houses.  In  the  vicinity  are  a 
furnace,  glass  factory,  paper-mill,  and  otJitr 
valuable  mills  and  manufacturing  establish- 
ments. 

NEW  LONDON,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.H. 
30  m.  NW.  from  Concord. 

NEW  LONDON,  SE.  co.  of  Ct.  bounded 
by  Rhode  Island  E.  by  Long  Island  Sound  S. 
by  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  W.  Hartford  and  Tolland 
NW.  and  Windham  N.  Length  30  m.  mean 
width  20^  Connecticut  river  forms  part  of  its 
W.  boundary;  but  beside  this  stream.  New 
London  co.  is  in  a  remarkable  manner  in- 
dented with  bays  and  rivers.  The  soil  is  pro- 
ductive in  fruits,  grain,  and  pasturage.  Sta- 
ples, grain,  flour,  live-stock,  lumber,  fish,  &c. 
Chief  town,  New  London.  Pop.  1820,  35,943; 
in  1830,  42,^'95. 

NEW  LONDON,  city,  sea-port,  and,  alter- 
nately  with  Norwich,  seat  of  justice  for  New 
London  co.  Ct.  is  situated  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  Thames,  3  m.  above  its  mouth,  14  m.  be- 
low Norwich,  and  42  SE.  from  Hartford.  Lon. 
4^  E. ;  lat.  41°  N.  from  W.  Beside  the  ordi- 
nary coimty  buildings,  it  contains  2  banks,  a 
marine  insurance  ofSce,  several  churcheB,  and 
2  or  3  printing-ofHces.    Having  a  depth  of  5 


munky  river,  E,  by  James  City  co.  S.  by  Charles  |  fathoms  water,  the  harbor  is  the  best  between 


^W 


% 


II 


NEW— NEW 


851 


r  Hanover  vo. 
.nt  C.  II. 

Ilia  CO.  N.Y. 
Albany,  24  in. 
u  is  rciimrku- 
iiiH  become  a 
Tbe  Sluikors 
own,  and  Imvu 
near  Lebanon 

den  CO.  N.  C. 

hland  co.  Oliio, 
jek,  10  m.  from 

(nox  CO.  Obio, 

the  eastern  part 

creek,  upon  the 

6  m.  E,  from 

rid  85  W.  by  S. 

Scott  CO.  In.  17 
kvellB  have  been 
of  700  feet.  It 
I  inhabitants,  and 

■n  CO.  Ken.  40  m. 

,  CO.  N.Y.  10  m. 
■op.  2,232. 
tgoniery  co.  Md. 
cek,  branch  of  the 
;  turnpike,  22  m. 

ing  V.  and  seat  of 
io,  35  rn.  S.  from 
n.  NE.  from  Pitts- 
ibus.  It  contains 
igs,  a  bank,  and  2 
the  vicinity  are  a 
er-inill,  and  other 
icturing  estabUsh- 

sboroughco.  N.H. 

D.  of  Ct.  bounded 
g  Island  Sound  S. 
[rtford  and  Tolland 
length  30  ni.  mean 
pr  forms  part  of  iU 
[this  stream,  New 
fkable  manner  in- 
The  soil  is  pro- 
[d  pasturage.    Sta- 
\,  lumber,  fiph,  &c. 
Pop.  1820, 35,943; 

Isca-port,  and,  alter- 
I  of  justice  for  New 
1  on  the  W.  side  of 
^  mouth,  14  m.  be- 
fom  Hartford.  Lot). 
'.     Beside  the  ordi- 
rfjontains  2  banks,  n 
Iveral  churches,  and 
laving  a  depth  of  5 
[is  the  best  between 


on 


New  York  and  Newport,  and  is  very  seldom 
obstructed  by  ice.  The  city  is  defended  by 
forts  Griswold  and  Trumbull,  the  former  on 
Groton  side  opposite  the  city,  and  the  latter 
on  the  New  London  side  of  the  harbor.  Dis- 
tance from  W.  3S4  m. 

NEW  LONDON,  Ann-Arundcl  co.  Md.  5 
m.  SSW.  from  AnnapoUs.- 

NEW  LONDON,  v.  Campbell  co.  Va.  18 
m.  SW.  from  Lynchburg. 

NEW  LONDON,  t.  in  the  SE.  quarter  of 
Huron  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  407. 

NEW  LONDON,  v.  Jefferson  co.  In 
Ohio  river,  30  m.  above  Louisville. 

NEW  LONDON,  v.  and  scat  of  justice, 
Ralls  CO.  Miso.  on  Suit  river,  almut  100  ni. 
NW.  from  St.  Louis.    Lut.  39°  32'  N. 

NEW  LONDON,  t.  Campbell  co.  Va.  123 
m.  WSW.  from  Uicliinond.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  jail,  on  academy,  and  about  130 
houses. 

NEW  LONDON,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

NEW  LONDON  CROSS-ROADS,  v.  Clies- 
ter  CO.  Pa. 

NEW  MADISON,  v.  Darke  co.  Ohio,  81 
m.  a  little  N.  of  W.  from  Columbus. 

NEW  MADRID,  v.  and  seat  of  justice. 
New  Madrid  co.  Miso.  70  m.  below  the  mouth 
of  the  Ohio.  It  contains  about  60  houses  and 
300  inhabitants.  Lat.  36°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  12° 
24'  W.  from  W. 

NEW  MADRID,  co.  Miso.  bounded  by 
Mississippi  river  SE.  Arkansas  Territory  S. 
St.  Francis  river  NW.  and  Cape  Girardeau  N. 
Len.'rtii  60  ra.  mean  width  25.  Staples,  In- 
dian corn,  pork,  cotton,  and  other  articles. 
Chief  town.  New  Madrid.  Pop.  in  1820, 2,296 ; 
in  1830,  2,351. 


NEWMARKET,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
11  m.  W.  from  Fortsmoutli.  Pop.  2,013.  Lam- 
prey river  tlills  into  Great  Bay,  near  the  NE. 
corner  of  tliis  town,  where  there  is  a  consider- 
able village,  and  about  2  m.  distant  from  thi» 
there  is  another  pleasant  village,  containing  an 
academy.  Hero  is  a  bridge  crossing  a  branch 
of  the  Piacataciua,  which  connects  tliis  town 
with  Strathom. 

NEWMARKET,  t  Dorchester  co.  Md.  9 
m.  E.  from  (Cambridge. 

NEWMARKET,  t.  Frederick  co.  Md.  13 
m.  WSW.  from  Fredcricktown. 

NEWMARKET,  t.  Shenandoah  co.  Va.  22 
in.  SSW.  from  Wor.dstock,  .W  NE.  from  Staun- 
ton.  It  contains  a  handsome  Episcopal  church, 
and  80  or  100  liouscs. 

N  EWMARKET,  t.  King  and  Queen  co.  Va. 
NI'AVMAItKET,  t.S|.ottsylvania  co.  Va. 
NEWMARKET,!.  Prince  William  ro.  Va. 
NEVVM ARRET,  t.  Amherst  co.  Va.  on 
Jainos  river,  100  in.  above  Richmond. 
NEWMARKET,  t.  Bertie  co.  N.  C, 
NEWMARKET,  t.  Highland  co.  Ohio,  42 
m.  W.  from  Cliillicothc,  51  E.  from  Cincinnati. 
Pop.  1.25!). 

NEWMARKET,  t.  Geauga  co.  Ohio,  about 
25  m.  E.  from  Cleveland. 

NEW  MILFORD,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  16 
m.  N.  of  Danbury,  and  18  SW.  of  Litchfield, 
on  the  NE.  side  of  Housatonnuc  river.  Pop. 
3,979. 

NEW  MILLS,  v.  in  Danvers,  Mass.  2  m. 
NW.  from  Salem. 

NEW  MILLS,  V.  Burlington  co.  N.J.  8 m. 
E.  from  Mount  Holly. 

NEWNSTOWN,  t.  Dauphin  co.  Pa.  on  MiU 
Creek,  14  m.  ENE.  from  Harrisburg.  , 


'■V 


NEW  ORLEANS. 


NEW  ORLEANS,  city,  port  of  entry,  and 
capital  of  Louisiana,  stands  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Mississippi  river,  105  m.  above  its  mouth. 
The  city  proper  contains  six  complete  squares, 
each  having  a  front  of  319  feet  in  length. 
Each  square  is  divided  into  12  lots.  Many  of 
the  streets  do  not  exceed  40  feet  in  width.  The 
public  buildings  are  a  town-house,  hospital,  the 
Cathedral  cliurch  of  St.  Louis,  the  barrack 


custom-house,  market-house,  5  banks,  and  two 
theatres,  one  for  French,  and  the  other  for 
American  actors.  There  is  also  a  convent  of 
UrsuUne  nuns  The  Spanish  and  French 
modes  of  building  prevail,  and  most  of  the 
houses  are  finished  outside  with  stuceo,  which 
gives  the  city  rather  a  fantastic  appearance  to 
a  stranger.  The  ground  on  which  it  stands, 
is  lower  than  tht    iirfacc  of  tlic  river,  wliich 


v|^ 


(.  m 


%   '  Li* 


Mm 

li 


352 


NFAV— NRVV 


)H-.^ 


'5; 


in  confiiH'd  williiii  itx  cliunni!)  by  an  iirlil'iiial 
hunk  callfd  the  Ivnr.r,  wliicii  wuh  riiiHcd  at 
prciit  expense,  and  cxtcndH  50  ni.  'I'lic  land 
M  m  h\M\\]iy  llial  tlio  Iioiwcm  uro  nttcNH.jrily 
without  cellarM.  It  is  very  ndvantiijureoUKly  wil- 
imtrd  for  commerce,  tlio  MiNHinHipjii  and  itw 
MuinerouH  bruncliCH  wuflinjj  to  it  the  pHKiuc- 
lions  of  a  (trtilo  eountry  of  more  than  2,000 
niilcH  in  extent.  It  in  already  one  of  the  ino^t 
ini|)ortunt  commercial  {H)rtH  in  America,  uiid 
iH  prnhahly  deHtined  to  \wvjomc,  at  no  dintant 
|»eriod,  the  rival  of  tlie  first  in  lOuroiK!.  The 
liarlK)r  ])reHent8  an  area  of  many  aeren,  cover- 
ed with  all  tiic  groteK(|ue  variety  of  llat-b«atn, 
kcel-lioutH,  and  water  craft  of  every  dcM;ri|)- 
tion,  tliat  have  llou'ed  from  all  jwintH  of  the 
valley  above.  SlcxipH,  BchoonerH,  briifH,  and 
MhipH occupy  tlu!  wliurves.arraufrrri  ImIow  eacii 
oUier,  in  the  order  of  tfKur  si/.e,  whowinp  a  for- 
C8t  of  niastH.  The  foriifrn  aHfjcet  of  tlio  Htiic- 
eoed  houses  in  the  city  proiK-r,  the  nianHivo 
biiildiiijrH  of  tiic  Fauxlwurjr  St.  Mary,  the  bus- 
tle and  niovciiient  on  every  side,  all  Been  at  one 
view  in  the  bright  colorinfr  of  the  brilliant  sun 
and  sky  of  the  climate,  present  a  sidendid  «pec- 
taele.  Thert;  have  Ixcn  counted  in  the  harbor, 
1,500  flat-lx)ats  at  a  time.  Steam-boats  uro 
conung  and  departinjr  every  liour;  and  50  arc 
frequently  seen  lying-  in  the  harbor  at  a  time. 
There  ure  often  5  or  (>,000  Iwatnicn  from  the 
up|X!r  country  here  ;  and  it  is  not  unconnnon 
to  see  40  vessels  advertised  for  I<iver|)Ool  and 
Havre.  No  place  in  the  United  States  has  so 
nuieii  activity  and  bustle  of  connueree,  crowd- 
ed into  so  small  a  space,  in  the  months  of  Wh- 
ruary  and  March.  During  the  season  of  bring- 
ing in  the  cotton  croj),  wliole  streets  are  barri- 
caded with  cotton  bal(.-<.  The  amount  of  do- 
mestic  exports  from  tliis  city  exceeds  12  mil- 
lions of  dollars  a  year,  being  greater  than  that 
of  any  other  city  of  the  Union,  exwpl  New 
York,  and  ncaily  eipialling  that.  The  great- 
est items  that  make  this  anio\nif,  arc  sugar 
and  cotton,  its  advantages  of  comnuuiication 
with  the  rouiitry,  inunediatcly  adjacent  to  it, 
have  been  overlooked,  in  comparison  with  those 
<)f  its  relation  to  the  upper  country.  But  even 
in  these  rcsjiects  it  is  unrivalled.  By  tlie  basin 
of  the  canal,  and  the  Bayou  St.  Jolm,  it  com- 
municates with  Ijake  Ponchartrain,  and  the 
connected  lakes;  witli  the  opi)osite  Florida 
shore,  with  Mobile,  Pcnsacola,  and  the  whole 
( JiUf  sliore,  cost  and  west.  Not  a  few  vessels 
dear  from  tlic  basin  for  the  Atlantic  and  Mex- 
ican jwrts.  The  basin  is  scarcely  distant  a 
f|uarter  of  a  mile  from  the  sJiip  landing  on  tlic 
Mississippi.  A  person  on  the  basin  wharf 
can  sec  the  masts  of  the  vessels,  lying  on  tlic 
shore  of  the  levee,  and  yet  a  vessel  sailing 
from  the  basin,  woidd  have  to  sail  through  the 
lakes  along  the  Gidf  shore,  and  up  the  Missis- 
sippi, some  hundreds  of  miles,  to  arrive  at  so 
little  distance  from  her  former  position.  Even 
the  commerce  and  shipping  of  tlie  basin  would 
be  sufficient  for  tiic  support  of  a  considerable 
city.  Therci  is  an  incorporation,  to  connect 
tJie  lake  with  the  Mississippi  by  a  canal,  di- 
rectly from  tlu!  one  to  the  other.  A  most  ne- 
cessary and  iniporliint  canal  is  also  coni 


jilalcd,  lor  coniiectinif  Atta!  lOfin  ^nih  'he  dty. 
A  rail-road  l.J  m.  in  Iciig',  <'i..'i  th'' city  to 
l.al>e  I'otuharlrain,  has  Ur.  vr  >  ijr  '  i;b/ip.:. 
It  is  |HTl((;tly  straight,  aiii'  ..'»  only  16 
inehcs  Irom  a  dead  level  from  end  to  end,  N'' 
city  in  the  United  States  contains  hucIi  a  vo/i. 
ety  of  inhabitants  fVoni  every  statu  in  tlie 
Union,  and  from  i  vrry  nation  m  Kurope;  and 
then!  are  not  a  few  from  the  Spanish  country, 
and  the  islands.  There  is  an  astonishing  con- 
trast  of  manners,  language,  and  complexion. 
One  half  the  ])opulation  is  black  or  colored. 
The  French  |>o|>ulation  probably  as  yet  pre- 
dominates  over  the  American.  Among  the 
Americans,  the  inhabitants  of  the  city  oi  New 
York  seem  to  have  the  greater  number,  nnd 
New  ( )rleun8  has  more  intercourse  with  New 
York,  than  any  other  American  city.  The 
iiiter(;ourse  with  Havana  and  Vera  On/  is 
great,  and  constantly  increasing.  'I'he  college 
is  a  rcs|K'etablc  building,  and  has  ample  en- 
dowments, but  has,  as  yet,  done  little  for  the 
literature  of  the  country.  There  ore  a  num- 
ber of  diaritablc  institutions  in  this  city,  of 
res[)cctablc  character ;  and  when  the  epideiiiii' 
yellow  lever  visits  it,  the  manner  in  which  the 
inhabitants  bestow  charity,  nursing,  shelter, 
and  medical  aid  to  tlic  sick,  is  worthy  of  all 
praise.  A  library,  for  the  use  of  the  poorer 
reading  young  men  of  the  city,  has  been  in- 
stituted, and  in  the  extent  of  her  efl\cient  and 
useful  charities.  New  Orleans  is  not  far  behind 
her  Atlantic  sisUirs.  There  are  fewer  churches 
in  the  city,  than  in  any  other  town  of  the  same 
size  in  the  United  States.  There  are  but  three 
Catholic  places  of  worship,  one  Presbyterian, 
one  Episeoi)alian,  a.  Mariners'  church,  a  Baptist 
ami  a  Methodist  place  of  worship.  Very  little 
observance  of  the  Sabbatli,  as  northern  people 
estimate  it,  is  seen  in  this  city.  It  i»  well 
known,  tliat  tlie  forms  of  the  Catliolic  worship 
do  not  forbid  amusements  on  the  Sabbath. 
The  city  nnd  Fauxbourgs  (suburbs)  contain- 
ed, in  1830,  4G,310  inhabitants.  It  is  about 
1,000  ill.  Ik,-1ow  the  mouth  of  tlie  Ohio,  and 
1,20.']  m.  from  Washington. 

NEW  ORLEANS,  parish.  La.  including 
tlie  city  of  New  (Jrleans,  bounded  by  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico  S.  the  interior  of  Lafourcht  and 
German  coast  W.  Lake  Ponchartrain  N.  the 
Rigolets  and  Lake  Borgne  NE.  and  Plaque- 
mine  E.  Length  80  m.  mean  width  16.  It 
Hes  between  lat.  29°  14'  and  30°  12'  N.  Pop. 
exclusive  of  tlie  city,  3,71)3.  Chief  town,  New 
Orleans. 

NEW  PALTZ,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.  Y.  15  m. 
below  Kingston  landing,  and  7  m.  S.  from 
Pouglikeepsie.    Pop.  5,105. 

NEW  PALTZ  LANDING,  v.  Ulster  co. 
N.  Y.  on  Hudson  river,  opposite  Poughkeepsie. 

NEW  PARIS,  v.  Preble  co.  Ohio,  92  m.  a 
little  S.  of  W.  from  Columbus. 

NEW  PHILADELPHIA,  v.  and  scat  of 
justice,  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio.  It  is  situated 
on  the  left  bank  of  Muskingum  river,  on  a 
beautiful  plain,  opposite  the  moutli  of  Sugar 
creek.  It  contains  the  county  buildings,  seve- 
ral stoics,  and  410  inhabitants.  It  is  50  m. 
NE.  fiom  Zancsviilc,  and  314  from  W. 


(f 


NEW— Ni:\v 


.')53 


v<f  *H  dty. 
thfi  city  to 

>  ly  ''.i;tihevl 
.  «  only  16 

to  mid.    N' 
Hiieli  a  vn.i 
(tutu   in  tlio 
Kurope ;  and 
jIhH  country, 
iiiiitliinK  con- 

coinpioxion. 
n  or  colort'il. 
f  aH  yet  pre- 

Anionij  the 
3  city  ol  New 
number,  nnd 
rsc  with  New 
n  city.    Tlio 
Vtra  ('ru7.  Ih 
.   The  colicpr 
iiiB  ample  en- 
I  little  for  llie 
re  arc  a  nuin- 
1  thiH  city,  of 
n  the  cpidtiiiir 
r  in  which  tlic 
irHing,  slicUer, 
K  worthy  of  all 
;  of  the  poorer 
r,  has  been  in- 
icr  cfUcient  and 
I  not  far  behind 
fewer  churcheK 
iwn  of  the  Bamc 
•e  arc  but  three 

0  Presbyterian, 
hurch,  a  Baptist 
lip.  Very  little 
northern  people 
ty.  It  iff  well 
atliolic  worship 

1  the  Sabbath, 
burbs)  contain- 

.     It  is  about 
Uie  Ohio,  and 

La.  including 
led  by  the  Gulf 
Lafourche  and 
hartrain  N.the 
E.  nnd  Plaque- 
width  16.  It 
[)oi2'N.  Pop- 
Jiief  town.  New 

o.  N.  Y.  15  m. 
7  m.  S.  from 

V,  Ulster  CO. 
;  Poughkcepsic. 
,  Ohio,  92  m.  a 

V.  and  scat  of 
It  is  situated 
Urn  river,  on  a 
iinouth  of  Sugar 
I  buildings,  sevc- 
is.  It  is  50  m. 
Ifrom  \V. 


NRW  Pmi,.M)i:!,rill.\,  v.  IIi.r.liM  ro. 
Keii..^  Ml.  from  Ohio  rivor,  30  iibovt?  I.oiiisvillr, 

NKWPOIIT.  t.  Cli.s'.iro  <o.  N.  II.  H  „,.  K. 
of  riaifitioiit,  IJ  WNW.  of  Concord.  Il«re  itt 
u  cntlon  miimi'lictory. 

NMVVI'OiM',  t.  ICemipbcck  co.  Mc. 

NMvvi'oRT,  CO.  i{.  I.   Pop.  1(;„-i:m. 

NKWPOKT,  t.  H.|).  and  rap.  Newport  co. 
on  S\V.  end  of  the  isliiii!  ol'  IMiodc  Isluiid,  .I  m. 
from  the  hcii,  lH  S.  from  JlriHtoi,  .'IK  S,  l>v  K. 
from  I'rovidnicc,  ,'j.'>  10.  by  N.  (rom  New  l.on. 
dim,  71  S.  I)v  W.  Iroin  Koslon.  Loii.  71  '  ID' 
\V.;  I.it.  41  ^  ^'.V  N.  Pop.  H,01().  Aiiioiifr  i|,e 
piililii:  fiiiil  oilier  priiii'i|)al  Ixiildiii^rH  are,  n 
slnli  -house,  u  jail,  nn  neademy,  -  baiikw,  2  iii- 
siiriiiici^.oHleiH,  a  puMic  library  contaiiiinjf 
l,f)l)0  volumes,  and  II  houses  of  public  wor- 
sliip,  ;2  lor  <'oii;freffati()ualislH,  .'1  lor  Huptists, 

I  lor  SalibatariuuM  or  Seveuth-day  IliiptislH,  1 
lor  lIpiscopaliauH,  1  lor  I'Vieuds,  1  fl)r  .Aletho- 
(li.Hts,  I  (or  AIoraNiiins,  and  a.Iews'Sytiatfoirue. 

II  li:i?i  u  very  spacious  and  safe  harbor,  where 
n  largd  licet  may  ride  at  anchor,  deteuded  by 
lliree  forlH.  Ntnv|K)rt  was  once  the  greatest 
commercial  seaport  in  the  state,  but  its  pros- 
perity has  of  late  years  (jreatly  declined. 

N'ilWPOliT,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  20  m. 
N.  froMi  Ifcrkimer,  UH  NVV.  from  Albany. 

\K\VPt)Ii'r,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  .1. 

NF.WPOli'l',  t.  Ncwea.stle  (;o.  Delaware,  on 
Cliristiana  creek,  .'1  ni.  SW.  from  Wilminj^'ton, 
ill  SW.  from  Pliiladelphia.  It  contains  about 
.'10  houses. 

NKWPORT,  t.  Cliarlcs  co.  Md.  11  m.  SE. 
from  Port  'IVibaeco. 

NICWlHHiT,  t.  Wood  CO.  Va.  on  the  Ohio, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Little  Kcnhawa,  opposite 
llclpre. 

NI'AVPORT,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio,  on 
llipOliio,  11  in.  ENE.  from  Marietta. 

NEWPORT,  t.  imd  cap.  Caiupbell  co.  Ken. 
on  the  Ohio,  opiwsito  Cincinnati,  and  just  above 
the  entrance  ot'tlic  f  Jcking,  which  separates  it 
from  Covington,  4!)8  m.  from  W.  It  is  situ- 
ated on  an  elevated  and  beautiful  plain,  com- 
manding a  fine  prospect  of  Cincinnati  and 
Covington,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
a  bank,  a  market-house,  an  academy,  and  i^ 
('.  S.  arsenal. 

NEWPORT,  t.  and  cap.  Cocke  co.  Ten. 

NEWPORT,  t.  Liberty  co.  Geo.  34  ni.  S. 
from  Savannah. 

NEWPORT,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs  into  the 
sea. 

NEW  PRESTON,  v.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  10 
m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Litchfield,  and  43  a  little 
•S.  of  W.  from  Hartford. 

NEW  PROSPECT,  v.  Bergen  co.  N.  J.  88 
m.  NE.  from  Trenton. 

NEW  PROVIDENCE,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J. 
12  m.  W.  from  Newark.     Pop.  910. 

NEW  RICHMOND,  v.  Clermont  co.  Ohio, 
containing  600  inhabitants.  It  stands  on  Ohio 
fiver,  15  m.  SW.  from  Williamsburg. 

NEW  RIVER,  small  stream  of  Onslow  co. 
N.  C.  entering  the  Atlantic  Ocean  by  New  In- 
'et,  45  m.  WSW,  from  Cape  Lookout. 

NEW  RIVER,  smdl  r.  of  Beaufort  district, 
2U 


.''.C.  fiilim^'  into  the  c*fuary  of  Savannah  nver, 
|H  m.  E.  from  Savannah, 

NEW  RIVER,  r.  of  La.  draining  the  angle 
Ix'lween  the  MiNsissippi  nnd  Amite  rivers, 
Hows  E.  and  I'alls  into  the  western  extremity 
of  Lake  Mnnrepas. 

NEW    R(K'IH:M,E,    v.   Westchester   co.' 
N.  V.  planted  origiiudly  by  Fr(  ncli  llugncnotii. 
It  lies  iiO  m.  NK.  of  the  city  of  New  York. 

NEW  R()WI,I;Y,  v.  tWx  CO.  Mass.  35 
NNE.  from  llrjston. 

NEW  Rl'MI-EY,  v.  Harrison  co.  Ohio,  II 
m.  northerly  from  Cadiz,  and  130  NE.  from 
Colmnbns. 

NEWRY,  I.  Oxlbid  CO.  .Me.  24  m.  NW.  of 
Paris.     Pop.  .34.'). 

NEWRY,  V.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa. 

NEW  SWITZERLAND,  v.  Switzerland 
CO.  Ohio,  on  the  right  bank  of  Oliio  riser,  65 
111.  below  Cincinnati.  The  inhabitants  are 
mostly  Swiss  emigrants,  wiio  liav(!  made  some 
not  unsuccessful  attemiits  to  eidtivafethc  vine. 

NEWTON,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  on  the 
river  Charles,  op|iosito  Needhain, !)  ni.  W.  of 
Boston.  Poj).  2,377.  The  falls  on  the  river 
between  Newton  and  Necdham  allbrd  many 
excellent  mill-seats;  and  on  the  Newton  side 
there  arc  five  pa|)er-mills,  iron  manufactories, 
several  snutf-mills,  &.c. 

NEWTON,  Land  cap.  Sussex  co.  N.J.  106 
m.  NNE.  fnun  Philadelphia,  76  N.  from  Tren- 
ton,  2HH  from.  W.  It  is  n  pleasant  and  flour- 
ishing town,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
an  academy,  a  bank,  a  printing-olKcc,  a  Pres. 
by tcrian  church,  about  50  com[)act  houses,  and 
has  a  mnuutiictory  of  iron  carried  on  in  a  fur- 
nace  and  4  fbrires.  Here  is  a  remarkable  cave, 
called  tlif!  Devil's  Hole. 

NEWTON,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa. 

NI'IWTON,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa. 

NEWTON,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  879. 

NEWTON,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  715. 

NKWTON,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
2,301. 

NEWTON,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio. 

NEWTOWN,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  10 
m.  NNW.  from  Ncwburyport,  26  SW.  from 
Portsmouth.     Pop.  665. 

NEWTOWN,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  9  m.E.by 
N.  from  D-anbiiry,  25  WNW.  from  New  Ha- 
ven. Pop.  3,01)9.  It  is  a  pleasant  town,  and 
contains  an  academy. 

NEWTOWN,  t.  Queens  co.  N.Y.  on  Long 
Island,  8  m.  E.  from  New  York.  Pop.  2,610. 
Near  the  centre  of  the  township  there  is  a 
pleasant  village  containing  3  houses  of  public 
worship.  From  this  place  come  those  well- 
known  apples,  called  "  Newtown  Pippins." 

NEWTOWN,  t.  Bucks  co.  Pa.  10  m.  W. 
from  Trenton,  22  NNE.  from  Philadelphia.  It 
is  situated  on  a  branch  of  the  Nashiminy,  and 
contains  a  Presbyterian  church,  an  academy, 
&c.  and  was  formerly  the  seat  of  justice  for 
tlie  county. 

NEWTOWN,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
3,298. 

NEWTOWN,  t  Frederick  co.  Md. 

NEWTOWN,  v.  Worcester  co.  Md. 


kli-ii 


_'0 


i 


354 


NEW— NEW 


1*         i     , 


i  '  f 


NEWTOWN,  V.  King  aiid  Queen  co.  Va. 
41  m.  NE.  from  Richmond. 

NEWTOWN,  V.  Loudon  co.  Va.  55  m.fr.  W. 

NEWTOWN,  V.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  on  LiU 
tie  Miami,  6  m.  above  its  mouth. 

NEWVILLE,  V.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  79  m. 
NW.  by  W.  from  Albany. 

NEWVILLE,  V.  ( 'umbcrland  co.  Pa.  12  m. 
nearly  W.  from  (/iirlislc. 


NEWV1LI,E,  V.  BarnweU  district,  S.  C. 
110  m.  SW.  from  C/olumbia. 

NEW  WASHINGTON,  v.  Clarke  co.  In. 
10.5  m.  SSE.  from  Indianapolis. 

NEW  WINDSOR,  t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  on 
file  W.  side  of  Hudson  river,  (iO  m.  N.  of  New 
York,  and  !)5  S..of  Albany.     Poj).  2,:n0. 

NEW  WOODSTOCK,  V.  Madi«on  co.  N.  Y. 

NEW  YORK,  one  of  tlie  U.  S.    See  p.  66 


NEW  YORK,  AND  ITS  KNVIRONi?. 


NEW  YORK,  city  and  co.  of  New  York, 
situated  on  Manhattan  Island,  between  Hud- 
son river,  East  river,  New  York  Bay,  and 
Haerlem  river.  Lat.  4^*°  42'  N.  and  Ion.  74° 
W.  from  London,  and  3"^  E.  from  "^V.  143  ni. 
below  Albany,  90  NE.  from  Philadelphia,  and 
210  SW.  from  Boston.  Maniiattan  Island, 
which  forms  the  county  of  New  York,  is  about 
12  m.  long,  and  has  an  average  width  of  IJ, 
containing  about  18  sq.  ms.  Tiie  city  of  New 
York  is  the  grand  coinnlercial  emporium  of 
the  United  States.  The  harbor  is  deep,  safe, 
and  not  subject  to  be  frozen,  and  so  spacious 
as  to  accoiTimodate  any  number  of  veisiiels  of 
aiy  size.  The  siiipping  belonging  to  this  port 
exceeds  350,000  tons.  In  its  exterior,  New 
York  has  a  more  imposing  appearance  than 
any  other  city  in  the  U.  States.  Its  principal 
street,  Broadway,  which  nearly  bisects  the 
city,  is  80  feet  wide,  and  more  than  3  m.  in 
length,  and  generally  built  up  wi'h  noolc  and 
elegant  buildings.  The  Battery  is  a  place  of 
great  pubUc  resort  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
island.  Castle  Garden  is  also  much  frequented. 
The  Park  is  a  beautiful  common,  finely  shaded 
with  trees,  and  contains  6  acres  of  ground. 
In  this  square  stands  the  City  HaJl,  a  superb 
and  massive  structure  of  white  marble,  216  ft. 
in  length  by  105  in  breadth.  It  contains  the 
Police  Office,  the  Municipal  Court  rooms,  and 
the  Common  Council  chamber,  ornamented 
with  portraits  of  digtinguished  revolutionary 
heroes. 


The  New  York  .Institution  is  of  brick,  260 
feet  by  44,  and  is  appropriated  to  associations 
of  literature  and  the  fine  arts,  such  as  the  Lit- 
erary and  Philosophical  Society,  the  Historical 
Society  with  its  library,  the  American  Acade- 
my of  Fine  Arts  with  its  paintings,  and  tlie 
New  York  Lyceum  of  Natural  History  witli 
its  collections.  Tiie  University  is  in  a  central 
point.  The  building  is  of  stone,  200  feet  in 
length,  and  3  stories  h'gh.  The  state  prison, 
in  the  eastern  part  of  the  city,  is  204  feet  in 
lengtii,  by  200  in  depth,  and  is  built  of  free- 
stone. The  Alms  House  is  still  further  east. 
It  is  an  inclosure,  containing  the  work-hoiife 
and  penitentiary.  The  dimensions  of  the  first 
are  320  by  50  feet,  tlie  next  200  by  25,  anJ 
the  third  250  by  50.  The  Park  Theatre  and 
tiie  Bowery  Theatre  are  conspicuous  build- 
ings. St.  Paul's  church,  containing  the  monu- 
ment and  remains  of  Gen.  Montgomery,  and 
Trinity  church,  are  spacious  Episcopalian 
churches,  both  in  conspicuour  points  on  Broad- 
way. St.  John's  church  in  Hudson  Square, 
one  of  the  finest  in  the  city,  has  the  tallest 
spire  in  New  York.  The  Medical  College  is 
a  large  and  conspicuous  edifice.  The  estab- 
lishment is  amply  endowed,  and  generally 
contains  from  2  to  300  medical  students.  The 
following  are  all  spacious  public  buildings; 
Clinton  Hall,  the  Bible  Society's  Depository, 
the  American  Tract  Society's  buildings,  both 
in  Nassau-street,  the  Arcade,  and  the  Arcade 
Baths,  the  New  York  Baths,  the  Public  Ma- 


(' 


1» 


istrict,  S.  C. 
larke  co.  In. 

CO.  N.  Y.  on 

in.  N.  of  New 
.p.  2,310. 
Jison  00.  N.Y. 
S.    Sue  p.  66. 


NEW— NEW 


355 


n  is  of  brick,  260 
ted  to  associations 
L  such  as  the  Lit- 
ety,  the  Historical 
American  Acade- 
laintings,  and  tlie 
jral  History  witli 
City  is  in  a  central 
stone,  200  feet  m 
The  state  prison, 
pity,  is  204  feet  in 
fid  is  built  of  frep- 
1  still  further  east. 
ig  the  work-houfc 
iiensions  of  the  first 
xt  200  by  25,  m^ 
Park  Theatre  and 
conspicuous  build- 
Staining  the  monii- 
.  Montgomery,  and 
ious    Episcopalian 
[uruointsonBroad- 
in  Hudson  Square, 
iity,  has  the  tallest 
Medical  College  13 
difice.    The  estab- 
ed,  a"d   general^ 
dical  students.  Ihe 
;  public  buildingB-. 
pciety'8  Deposiwry, 
[ty's  buildings,  botn 
We,  and  the  Arcade 
tUthe  Public  Ma- 


rine Bath,  the  Manhattan  Water  Works,  the 
Exhibition  Room  of  the  National  Academy  of 
the  Arts  of  Design,  K  atgers'  Medical  V/olIege 
and  Public  School,  Mxsonic  Hall,  Orphan  Asy- 
lum, Fever  Hospital,  House  of  Refuge  for  ju- 
venile delinquents,  Lunatic  Asylum,  the  City 
Hotel,  the  Mansion  House,  the  National  Hotel, 
the  Franklin  House,  Tammany  Hall,  and 
many  other  spacious  hotels.  'J'he  city  has  10 
market-houses,  14  or  15  bank:.,  between  20  and 
30  insurance  offices,  over  100  huuses  of  piibhc 


worship,  of  which  those  of  Episcopaliaila, 
Presbyteriiiiis,  Dutcli  Reformed,  and  Metho- 
dists are  the  most  numerous.  There  ate  8 
spacious  buildings  appropriated  to  public 
schools,  valued  with  their  furniture  at  $150,000. 
The  High  Sclwol  of  this  city  is  an  interesting 
institution,  and  the  largest  estiblishment  of 
tl»c  kind  in  tlio  U.  States.  There  are  a  num- 
ber of  public  libraries.  Tlic  Sunday  Schools 
and  InCmt  Schools  are  cllicicnt  and  useful 
establishments. 


EXCHANGE,  NP'.V  YORK. 


TIic  New  York  Exchange  fronting  upon 
Wall-street,  is  also  of  white  marble,  and  adorn- 
ed with  columns  in  front.  It  contains  the  Ex-' 
change.  Post  Office,  Commercial  Reading 
Rooms,  insurance  offices,  and  offices  of  several 
daily  papers.  The  cupola  commands  a  fine 
view  of  the  city,  and  is  surmounted  with  a  tel- 
egraph, by  which  ship-arrivals  are  announced 
when  at  the  distance  of  more  tlian  30  m.  from 
Ihe  city. 

Columbia  Colletre  was  founded  in  1754;  it 
has  a  president,  five  professors,  aid  the  num- 
ber of  students  ranges  from  120  to  150.  The 
libraries  contain  14,000  volumes.  Commence- 
ment  is  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  August ;  vaca- 
tion from  commencement  to  the  first  Monday 
in  October.  A  proposal  has  lately  been  made 
in  the  city,  to  erect  a  university  whicli  should 
be  suited  to  the  demands  of  all  classes.  This 
has  called  forth  from  Columbia  college  a  new 
nnd  improved  plan,  intended  to  meet  the  de- 
mands. 1.  The  course  of  instruction  now  ex- 
isting, is  to  be  maintained  and  denominated 
the  full  course.  Another  course  is  established, 
called  the  literary  and  scientijic  course;  the 
whole,  or  any  part  of  which,  matriculated  stu- 
dents may  attend.  2.  Those  in  the  scientific 
and  literary  course  shall  study  the  uiodcrn 
lang'.iages,  mstead  of  the  Latin  and  Greek.  In 
otiier  studies,  the  two  courses  are  similar,  ex- 
cept that  the  literary  and  scientific  has  some 
additional  studies.  3,  Persons  not  matricu- 
Inted,  may  attend  the  literary  and  scientific 
course.  4.  Matriculated  students,  who  shall 
pass  through  t'lc  navr  course,  shall  receive  tes- 
timonials oi  the  same.  5.  The  fees  in  the 
new  course  shall  not  exceed  $15  per  annum 
for  each  professor.  6.  Enlarged  instruction 
"hall  be  given  in  Greek  and  Roman  literature. 


/.  The  two  courses  may  '  j  united  at  the  lec- 
tures. 8.  Various  public  bodies  in  New  York 
are  entitled  to  Jiave  two  students  always  in  the 
college,  free  of  all  charges  of  tuition ;  every 
school  from  wliich,  in  any  one  year,  4  students 
shall  be  admitted  into  college,  shall  have  the 
privilege  of  sending  one  free  of  expense ;  every 
religious  denomination  in  the  city  may  edu- 
cate one  who  is  designed  for  the  ministry,  free 
of  ex]  'ise.  The  above  course  embraces  lycc- 
um,  higli  school,  and  college  instruction.  The 
number  of  graduates,  since  the  establishment 
of  the  college,  to  and  including  the  year  1831, 
is  about  1,100.  There  arc  now  in  the  college 
about  100. 

The  College  if  Physicians  and  Surpfons 
was  founded  in  the  year  1807,  by  an  act  of  the 
legislature  of  New  York,  at  the  recommenda- 
tion of  the  Regents  of  the  University,  by  whose 
immediate  govorr>ment  it  is  controlled.     Lee- 
tures  commence  on  the  first  Monday  of  No- 
vember annually,  and  continue  four  months. 
Degrees  conferred  by  the  Regents  of  the  Uni- 
iversity  at  the  recommendation  of  the  board  of 
trustees.     The  college  building  is  situated  in 
I  Barclay  street.  New  York.     The  wholo  ex- 
i  jHrnsc  of  all  the  courses  is  $1 00. 
I     Tiie  government  of  the  city  of  New  York 
jis  composed  of  a  mayor,  10  aldermen,  and  10 
I  assistants.    This  city  has  been  constantly  and 
'  rapidly  increasing  for  the  last  30  or  40  years. 
I  It  more  than  doubled  its  population  within  the 
^  Inst  20  years,     ^r^ckets  sail  fronj  New  York 
!  to  Liverpool  and  ijondon  every  week ;  to  H'/vrc 
every  10  ("ays,  and  to  Hull,  Greenwich,  Bel- 
fast, Vera  Cruz,  Carthagena,  and  all  the  chief 
ports  of  the  United  States  at  diflfercnt  times. 
It  is  the  second  commercial  city  in  the  world, 
as  the  amount  of  shipping  owned  here  is  equal 


h 


l,i 


m 


Iff,  si" 


I 


, ;  mii 


'"Ir 


356 


NEW— NIC 


to  more  titan  liulf  tiiat  of  Lundoii.  During 
the  year  1830,  tlicre  arrived  1,48:)  vessels  from 
foreign  ports;  sailed  for  foreign  ports  1,138; 
entered  coastwise  1,332,  cleared  roar'.wise 
3,474 ;  total  arrived  and  departed  7,433.  The 
revenue  collected  at  the  custom-house  in  1829 
was  13,052,076  dollars ;  being  more  than  half 
the  whole  revenue  of  the  United  States  from 
foreign  commerce. 

CITY   E.\PENSE8    AND    REVENUE   FOR    1832. 

Expenses, 
The  Comptroller  es'tiniates  the  expcnsns  of  the 
city,  fur  lii'JSi.  (including  interest  on  dcht  3^0,000) 

at $1500,475  00 

Revenue. 
From  rents,  auction  dutiein, 

licenseK,  Slc $150,000  00 

The  amount  to  be  raised  by 
taxes  in  18:i3 550,000  00 


709,000  00 
108,525  00 


Leaving  an  amount  to  apply  1 
to  contingencies  and  deticieu-  > 
cies  (if  former  years  of    .    .     j 

Licenses  in  1831. 
45 Licensed  Lottery  Ofliccs  which  pay  SS-W  each 
one-half  to  the  Public  Schools  of  the  city, 
and  one-half  to  the  New-York  Doaf  and 
Dumb  Institution. 
2007  Grocery  and  Tavern  Licenses,  were  issued  in 

1831. 
8350  Cartmnn's  Licenses,  ., ,  do. 

130  Porters'  Licenses,  do. 

SCO  Hackney  Coach  Licenses,  do. 

1)7  Stage  Licenses,  do. 

S.^  Licenses  for  Dealers  in  second-hand  articles. 
12  Pawnbrokers'  Licenses. 

40  Master  Chimney  Sweeps,  with  an  average  of  2 
boys  to  each. 
1  General  Patentee  for  Patent  Sweeps 
The  number  of  watchmon  nt  present  employed  in 
the  city,  including  their  officers,  is  54ti.    Annual  ex- 
pense to  the  city,  900,000. 

CENSUS   OF    NEW    YORK    FOR    1830, 

Taken  from  the  Marshal's  Returns. 
Winle.                       Males.                     Fonialos. 
Under  5  years 13,ti44 l.t'iiiS 


10 

15  .... 

20  .... 

30  .... 

40  .... 

50  ...  . 

GO  .... 

70  .... 

80  .... 

90  .... 

00  to  100  .  .  .  . 
100  and  upwards 


5  to 
10  to 
15  to 
20  to 
30  to 
40  to 
50  to 
60  to 
70  to 
ROto 


10,3,')7 I0,t)(i5 

8,G.5« il.PO'i 


0,918 

21,40!) 

13,(J5!) 

,    6,025 

3,207 

.    1,4«8 

479 

80 

14 

7 


11, .550 

2i:,55(i 

J2,!lll) 

(i.()!t4 

3,702 

1,703 

(Hid 

178 

31 

') 


Tot:»l 8!),.523 n3,h2ti 

Colored.  Males.  Females. 

Under  10  vears 1,201 1,431 

10  to    20    ....    1,358 2,135 


20  to    .35    .  .  .  . 

30  to    55    .  .  .  . 

55  to  100    .... 

100  and  upwards 


1,774 

1,209 

371 

5 


2.4',i5 

1,5,30 

449 


Total 6,038 


8,045 


Total  persons  classed 

Persons  returned  not  classed 


197,432 


Total 202,9.57 


For  further  statistical  information,  see  page  71. 

NEW  YORK,  t.  AU)emarle  co.  Va.  23  m. 
W.  from  Charlotte. 

NEW  YORK,  t.  Chamimijrn  co.  Ohio. 

NEXAPA,  t.  Mexico,  15  m.  W.  from  Oa.x- 
aca. 


NIAGARA,  r.  in  N.  America,  which  car- 
ries  the  surplus  waters  of  lakes  Superior,  Mich- 
igan, Huron,  and  Erie  into  lake  Ontario.  Its 
general  course  from  lake.  Erie  to  lake  Ontario 
is  N.  For  the  first  2  miles  its  current  is  rapid 
— it  then  becomes  smooth  and  gentle,  with  a 
width  varying  from  half  a  mile  to  a  mile  and 
a  half,  and  flows  7  m.  to  Gratul  Isle,  where  it 
divides  into  two  large  branches,  which  unite 
again  at  the  foot  of  this  i.sland  (which  is  18  ni. 
long)  three  miles  above  the  Great  Falls.  Its 
width  here  is  upwards  of  a  mile ;  but  now  its 
breadth  gradually  dimini.shing  as  its  velocity 
increases,  it  becomes  reduced  to  ^  of  a  mile  in 
width,  when  its  waters  are  poured  down  a 
precipice  of  IGO  feet  peri)endieular,  acconip,' 
nied  with  a  tremendous  roar,  which  is  iuard 
at  the  distance  of  15  miles.  There  is  a  sm;ill 
island  in  the  river  just  above  the  brink  of  tlie 
falls,  which  divides  the  stream  in  two  part-s 
but  they  unite  long  before  they  reach  the  kd 
of  the  river  below.  This  river,  which  is  the 
bonndiiry  line  between  N.  Y.and  l'pper('an;i(la, 
is  35  m.  in  length.  This  stupendous  catariict 
is  justly  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  sublime 
and  imposing  spectacles  exhibited  in  nature. 
It  may  well  be  supposed  that  so  magnificent  a 
spectacle  should  attract  thousands  of  visitors. 
It  has  become  a  place  of  great  fashionables  re- 
sort ;  and  during  the  summer  months,  it  is 
thronged  with  visitors  from  every  quarter  ol' 
the  civilized  world.  It  may  appear  singular, 
■yet  it  is  affirmed  to  be  true,  that  some  per.sons 
have  lived  and  grown  old  within  hearing  of 
the  roar  of  these  falls  without  ever  having  seen 
them,  while  many  have  made  journeys  of 
thousands  of  miles  for  the  iiurpose,  and  thoufjlit 
themselves  richly  rewarded  lor  their  curiosity. 

NI/UURA,  CO.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Lake 
Ontario,  E.  by  Genesee  co.  S.  by  Tonnewanta 
creek  which  separates  it  from  Erie  co.  and  \V. 
by  Niagara  river.  Pop.  18,485.  Chief  town, 
Lock  port. 

NIAGARA,  t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  on  Niaga- 
ra river,  just  atmve  the  tiills. 

NIAGARA,  t.  uiid  fort,  Niagara  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  Ningarii,  at  its  entrance  into  Lake  On- 
tario, 15  m.  below  the  great  falls.  It  was  taken 
by  tiie  Hritisii  in  1813,  and  the  town  was  de- 
stroyed, but  has  since  been  rebuilt  in  a  belter 
style  (bar.  hc.'bre.     Pop.  1,401. 

NICHOLAS,  eo.  of  Western  Va  lormeH  in 
1818,  of  a  piirt  of  Greenbrier  co.  Pop.  3,.119, 
of  whom  120  are  colored.  Seat  of  justice, 
Nicholas  C.  H. 

NICIIOr  \S,  CO.  Ken.  Pop.  8,832.  Chief 
town,  Carlisle. 

NICHOLAS  ISLAND,  small  island  on  the 
N.  coast  of  C:uba.  Lon.  79°  40'  W. ;  lat.  23^ 
15' N. 

NICHOLASVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Jessamin- 
CO.  Ken.  20  m.  SW.  from  Lexington,  and  54(1 
from  W.     Pop.  409. 

NICOLET,  r.  L.  C.  rises  in  Buekinglmm 
CO.  by  two  sourc(!3,  which  flow  NW.  between 
Recan^our  and  St.  Francis  livers,  unite  alwut 
60  m.  and  fall  into  the  lower  end  of  Lake  St. 
Peter,  10  miles  above  Three  Rivers. 


il.      > 


NIL— NOR 


357 


N.  Y.  on  Niaga- 


_>s  in  Buckingham 
low  NW.  between 
livers,  'unite  about 
'cr  end  of  Lake  St. 
c  Rivers. 


NILE,  t  Scioto  CO.  Ohio. 

NIMISHILLEN  CREEK,  considerable 
stream,  rising  in  the  nortliurn  part  of  Stark 
CO.  Ohio,  and  running  from  thence  a  S.  dircc- 
tion  above  40  ni.  into  tlic  NE.  quarter  of  Tus- 
carawas CO.  where  it  unitca  with  Sandy  creek, 
when  the  joint  stream  flows  W.  5  m.  into  the 
E.  side  of  Tuscarawas  river. 

NIMISHILLEN,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio,  situated 
on  the  above  described  creek,  north-easterly 
from  Canton.     Pop.  1,33G. 

NIMMONS  MILLS,  v.  Wayne  co.  Ohio, 
92  m.  NE.  from  Columbus. 

NINE  BRIDGES,  v.  Queen  Anne's  co.  Md. 

NINE  PARTNERS,  N.  Y.  a  tract  of  land, 
granted  to  9  partners,  or  ])ropriotors,  now  com- 
prised within  thfe  towns  of  Amunia,  Clinton, 
Stanford,  and  Washington. 

NINEVEH,  V.  Frederick  co.  Va. 

NIPEGON  LAKE,  U.C.  lies  to  the  north- 
ward of  Lake  Superior,  about  Jialf-way  between 
it  and  Albany  river,  James'  Bay. 

NIPISSING  LAKE,  lies  NE.  of  Lake  Hu- 
roil,  and  is  connected  with  it  by  the  river 
Francois, 

NITTANY,  mt.  Pa.  which  commences  in 
Centre  co.  and  extends  between  Lycoming  and 
Northumberland  cos.  ahnost  to  the  W.  branch 
of  the  Susquehannah. 

NIXON'S,  v.  Maury  co  Ten.  50  m.  SE. 
from  Murfreesborough. 

NIXONTON,  t  Pasquotank  co.  N.  C.  on 
Little  river,  28  m.  ENE.  from  Edcnton. 

NOBLE,  NE.  t.  of  Morgan  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
859. 

NOBLEBOROUGH,  t.  Lincoln  co.  M;iine. 
Pop.  1,876.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of  Ken- 
ncbcclt  rivcr« 

NOBLESVILLE,  v.  Hamilton  co.  In.  2.5  m. 
N.  from  Indianapolis. 

NODDLE'S  ISLAND,  isl.  Mass.  in  Boston 
harbor,  J  of  a  mile  from  Long  Whurf,  Boston. 
A  strong  fortress,  called  Fort  Strong,  is  built 
on  this  island. 

NOLACHUCKY,  r.  Ten.  and  N.C.  rises  in 
the  northern  part  of  Bimcombc  co.  of  the  latter, 
and  flowing  W.  enters  Carter  co.  in  the  for- 
mer, and  crossing  Carter,  VVashin'rton,  and 
Greene,  joins  the  French  Broad  r.  40  m.  alwvo 
its  junction  with  the  Holston  at  Knoxvillo. 

NOLIN'S  CREEK,  r.  H.irdin  co.  Ken. 
which  rnns  WSW.  into  dlreen  river. 

xVOMISNY  BAY,  bay  in  the  river  Potomne, 
on  the  coast  of  Virginia.  Lon.  76'^  50'  \V. ; 
lataS^ll'N. 

NONESUCH,  r.  Mo.  which  runs  through 
Scarborough  into  the  sea.  If  received  iis  name 
.>n  account  of  its  extraordinarv  freshets. 

NOQUETS  BAY,  bay  in'NW.  Territory, 
on  NW.  coast  of  Lake  Michigan.  It  is  north 
of  Green  Bay;  45  m.  long,  and  18  wide.  Lon. 
86°  20'  W. ;  lat.  45°  S.V  N. 

NORFOLK,  CO.  Mass.  bounded  NW.  ;ind 
W.  by  Middl'jdcx  co.  E.  by  Boston  harbor,  S. 
by  Plymouth  and  Bristol  cos.  and  W.  by  Rhode 
Island  and  Worcester  co.  Pop.  41,993.  Chief 
town,  Dedham. 

NORFOLK,  t  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  18  m.  N. 
from  Litchfield,  3.5  WNW.  from  Hartford,  42 


ESE.  from  Hud.<H)n.  Pop.  1,485.  It  contains 
various  mills  and  manufacturing  establish- 
ments, among  whjch  are  2  forges  and  a  wool- 
Icn  manufactory. 

NORFOLK,  V.  Litchfield  co.  Ct  35  m.  NW. 
by  W.  of  Hartford,  and  20  m.  N.  of  Litchfield. 

NORFOLK,  CO.  SE.  part  of  Va.  bounded 
N.  by  Hampton  Road  and  Chesapeake  Bay, 
E.  by  Princess  Anne  co.  S.  by  North  (Carolina, 
and  W.  by  Nansemond  co.  Pop.  14,998,  of 
whom  5,842  are  slaves.  Chief  towns,  Norfolk 
and  Portsmouth. 

NORFOLK,  bor.  and  port  of  entry,  Norfolk 
CO.  Va.  on  NE.  bank  of  Elizabeth  river,  8  m. 
alwvc  its  entrance  into  Hampton  Road,  and 
32  from  the  sea,  110  m.  by  water  below  City 
Point,  112  ESE.  from  Richmond.  Lon.  76^  42' 
W. ;  lat.  37  3 12'  N.  Pop.  ft,S16.  Tbc  Farmers' 
Bank,  the  orplian  asylum,  and  the  Laneas- 
f(Tian  school,  are  among  the  most  conspicuous 
buildings.  The  position  of  the  town  is  not 
pleasanf ,  being  low,  and  in  some  places  marshy; 
but  it  affords  agreeable  society,  and  the  citi- 
zens arc  d'-tinguishcd  for  their  hospitality.  It 
has  a  spacious  and  commodious  harbor,  strong- 
ly def(3n(led  by  3  forts.  It  has  more  maritime 
commerce  and  shipping  than  any  other  town 
in  flic  state.  The  h.-mdsome  marine  hospital 
is  on  Washington  Point,  one  mile  distant,  and 
a  short  distance  up  the  river  is  a  large  U.  S. 
navy-yard.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
a  market-house,  a  theatre,  2  insurance-officos, 
3  banks,  including  a  branch  of  the  U.  S.  Bank, 
an  academy,  nn  orphan  asylum,  nn  atiiennMim 
containing  about  1,000  volumes,  and  6  houses 
of  public  wnrsliip,  1  for  Episcopalians,  1  for 
Presbyterians,  2  f()r  Baptists,  1  for  Roman 
Catiinlirs,  and  1  for  Methodists. 

NOIiFOT,K,  CO.  U.  C.  is  l)nun(ied  on  the  N. 
and  E.  by  0\r  eo.  of  Lincoln  and  the  river 
Thames,  on  the  S.  by  Lake  Eric  until  it  meets 
the  Orwell  river,  thence  by  a  line  running  N. 
11!^  W.  until  it  intersects  the  river  Thames, 
and  flicn(^e  up  the  said  river  until  it  meets  the 
NW.  bor.ndary  of  the  co.  of  York.  It  sendn, 
in  eonjm.etion  with  the  fbwrtli  riding  of  the  co. 
of  Lincoln,  one  representative  to  the  provincial 
parliament. 

NORFOLK,  V.  St.  La\\^cncc  co.  N.  Y.  251 
m.  NNW.  from  Albany. 

NORMAN'S  KILL,  or  Creek,  r.  Albany  co. 
N.  Y.  which  fiills  into  the  Hudson,  2 J  m.  S.  of 
Albany. 

NORRIDGEWOCK,  t.  and  cap.  Somerset 
CO.  Me.  on  the  Kcnnebeck,  94  m,  NNE.  from 
Portland,  20."^  NNE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  I,7i0. 
It  is  finely  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  river, 
is  a  very  pleasant  town,  and  contains  a  court- 
house, a  jail,  a  meeting-house,  and  has  con- 
siderable trade.  Here  is  an  elegant  bridge 
across  the  river. 

NORRISTOWN,  t.  and  cap.  Montgomery 
CO.  Pa.  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Schuylkill,  17  m. 
NW.  from  Philadelphia,  143  from  W.  Lon. 
75^  23'  W. ;  iat.  40^  10'  N.  Pop.  1 ,826.  It  con- 
tains  a  court-house,  a  bank,  and  nn  academy,;! 
and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here* 

NORTE,  Dd,  or  Rio  Bravo  del  Norte,  river, 
Mexico,  which  rises  in  the  Kocky  Mountains, 


i 


'<  "A  I 


'ft  I 


4  ;j. 


■fc. 


"pfcii 


358 


NOR— NOR 


•4  ** 
ill 


V.;44 


«  k 


24 


11 


near  the  Boiirces  of  the  Arkunsaa,  ubont  41" 
N.  lat.  runs  SSE.  and  empties  itKclf  into  tin; 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  Ion.  ftC^  40'  W.;  lat.  26^  N. 
Length,  alwut  2,000  m. 

NORTH  BEND,  v.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  Ohio  r.  16  m,  below  Cincinnati,  and  520 
from  W, 

NORTH  CAROLINA,  one  of  the  U.  S. 
See  page  100. 

NORTH  CASTLE,  t.  Westchester  eo.  N.  Y. 
33  m.  NE.  from  New  York.     Poj).  l,f)53. 

NORTH  EAST,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 
m.  NE.  from  Poughkeepsic     Pop.  1,689. 
NORTH  EAST,  t.  Cecil  co.  Md. 
NORTH  EDISTO  INLET,  inlet,  S.  C 
m.  SW.  from  Stone  Inlet. 
NORTH  F,ND,  v.  Matthews  co.  Va. 
NORTH  HAVEN,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  7 
m.  NNE.  from  New  Haven.     Pop.  1,282. 

NORTH  HEMPSTEAD,  t.  and  capital. 
Queens  co.  N.  Y.  on  Long  Island  Sound,  9  m. 
E.  from  Jamaica,  22  E.  from  New  York.  Pop. 
3,062.  The  township  is  indented  by  3  large 
bays,  and  between  two  of  them,  on  a  headland, 
called  (Jow  Neck,  there  is  a  light-house,  10  m. 
N.  from  the  C.  H. 

NORTH  HERO,  t  and  cap.  Grand  Isle  co. 
Vt  on  an  island  of  the  same  name,  in  Lake 
Champlain,  32  ni.  N.  from  Burlington,  and  545 
fromW.    Pop.  638. 

NORTH  ISLAND,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Great  Pedee  River,  near  the 
coast  of  South  Carolina.  Lon.  79°  3'  W. ;  lat. 
33°  20'  N. 

NORTH  MOUNTAIN,  a  ridge  which  ex- 
tends NE.  through  Fnuikhn  and  Cumberland 
counties.  Pa. 

NORTH  MOUNTAIN  CREEK,  r.  N.  A. 
which  runs  into  the  Missouri,  239  m.  below 
tlie  Falls. 

NORTH  POINT,  capo,  on  N.  side  of  tlic 
entrance  of  the  Patapsco  into  Chesapeake  Bay. 
NORTH  RIVER,  r.  N.  H.  which  joins  the 
Lamprey  r.  in  the  N.  part  of  Ejjping. 

NORTH  RIVER,  r,  N.  C'.  runs  into  Albe- 
marle Sound.    Lon.  76°  ^0'  W. ;  hit  36°  6'  N. 
NORTH  RIVER,  r.  Mass.  whicli  runs  E. 
into  the  sea,  S.  of  Scituate. 
JSrORTH  RIVER.-    See  Hudson  Rwer. 
NORTH  RIVER,  branch  of  Fluvanna  river, 
in  Virginia. 

NORTH  YARMOUTH,  t.  Cumberland  co. 
Me.  on  Casco  Bay,  12  m.  NNE.  from  Portland, 
127  NNE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  2,664.  It  is  a 
large  township,  and  contains  5  houses  of  pub- 
lic worship,  3  for  Congregationalists,  1  for  Bap- 
tists, and  1  for  Methodists ;  an  academy,  a  so- 
cial library,  a  paper-mill,  and  has  some  trade 
in  ^hc  fishGrics 

NORT  HAMPTON,  t  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
10  m.  SW.  from  Portsmouth.     Pop.  767, 

NORTHAMPTON,  t.  and  cap.  Hampshire 
CO.  Mass.  on  W.  bank  of  Conntcticut  river,  op- 
posite Hadley,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
abridge,  1,060  feet  long;  18  m.  N.  from  Spring- 
field, 21  S.  from  Greenfield,  40  E.  from  Pitts- 
ftsld,  42  N.  from  Hartford,  95  W,  from  Boston. 
Lat.  4?°  16'  N.  Tlic  compact  part  of  the  towi 


is  delightfully  situated,  and  contains  a  very 
egunt  l)rick   court-honsi',  a  stone  jnil,  and 
Hivoral  houses  ibr  public  worship.    Pop.  .'J,613. 
It  is  376  m.  from  W. 

NORTHAMPTON,  t.  Montgomery  eo. 
N.  Y.  18  m.  NW.  from  Ballston-Spa,  50  NW. 
from  Albany.    Pop.  4,392. 

NORTHAMPTON,  t.  BurUngton  co.  N.J. 
7  m.  SE.  from  Burlington.  Mount  Holly  is 
within  this  township. 

NORTHAMPTON,  co.  E.  side  of  Pa.  Iwund- 
ed  N.  by  Way  no  co.  E.  by  the  Delaware,  ESE. 
by  Bucks  co.  SW.  by  Berks  co.  and  NW.  by 
Luzerne  co.  It  is  watered  by  the  Delaware 
and  Lehigh.  Pop.  39,267.  Chief  town,  Ea.ston. 
NORTH  AMPl'ON,  co.  E.  side  of  Va.  bound- 
cd  N.  by  Accomack  co.  E.  by  the  Atlantic,  S. 
by  the  entrance  into  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  W. 
by  Chesapeake  bay.  Pop.  8,644.  Chief  town, 
Eastville. 

NORTHAMPTON,  co.  N.  part  of  N.  C. 
Pop.  13,103. 

NORTHAMPTON,  C.H.  Northampton  co. 
N.  C.  80  m.  SW.  from  Norfolk,  Va.  and  about 
90  NE.  from  Raleigh.  Lat.  36°  21'  N. ;  lon. 
from  W.  0°  30'  W. 

NORTHAMPTON,  v.  in  the  W.  borders  of 
Portage  co.  Ohio,  15  m.  W.  from  Ravenna. 
Pop.  293. 

NORTH  ATTLEBOROUGH,  v.  Bristol  co. 
Mass.  29  m.  SSW.  from  Boston,  and  12  NNE. 
from  Providence. 

NORTH  BLENHEIM,  v.  Schoharie  co. 
N.  Y.  .55  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Albany,  and 
about  45  SW.  from  Schenectady. 

NORTH B()R(4L'Gn,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass. 
11  m.  from  Worcester.     Pop.  994. 

NORTH  BROOKFIELD,  t.  Worcester  co. 
Mass.     Pop.  1,241. 

NORTH  BRANCH,  v.  N.  part  of  Somerset 
CO.  N.  J.  46  ni.  from  Trenton. 

NORTH  BRIDGE,  t.  on  Pawtucket  river, 
in  the  S.  part  of  Worcester  co.  Mass.  46  m. 
SW.  from  Boston.    Pop.  1,053. 

NORT'I  BRIDGETOWN,  v.  in  the  NW. 
part  of  Cumberland  co.  Me.  4.3  m.  NW.  from 
Portland, 

NORTH  CASTLE,  t.  Westchester  eo.  N.  Y. 
on  the  E.  side  of  Hudson  river,  about  16  ni. 
from  King's-bridge.     Pop.  1,653. 

NORTH  EAST,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  E.  side  of  Hudson  river,  about  90  m.  N.  of 
New  York.    Pop.  1,689. 

NORTH  EAST,  v.  Erie  eo.  Pa.  in  the  NE. 
angle  of  the  county,  15  m.  NE.  from  the  vil- 
lage of  Erie. 

NORTH  EAST,  v.  Cecil  co.  Md.  46  m.  NE. 
from  Baltimore. 

NORTH  EAST,  r.  Cecil  co.  Md.  flows  into 
the  Chesapeake,  5  m.  SE.  (^harlcstown. 

NORTHFIELD,  t.  Washington  co  Vt.  9 
m.  SSW.  from  Montpelier.  Pop.  1,412.  Herp 
is  a  woollen  manufactory. 

NORTHFIELD,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  E. 
of  the  Connecticut  r.  8  m.  NE.  from  Green- 
field, 94  WNW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,757. 
Here  is  a  handsome  village  situated  near  the 
E.  bank  of  the  river. 


i 


tl 


NOR— OAK 


359 


itains  a  very 
one  jnil,  nnd 
,.    Pop.  3,613. 

itgomery  co. 
-Spa,  50  NW. 

igton  CO.  N.J. 
[ovint  Holly  is 

Ic  of  Pa.  Iwund- 
iekware,  ESK. 
).  and  NW.  by 
'  the  Delawnrn 
f  town,  Easton. 
IcofVa.bound- 
tho  Atlantic,  S. 
c  Bay,  and  W. 
4.   Chief  town, 

part  of  N.  C. 

forthampton  co. 
,  Va.  and  about 
)6o  21'  N. ;  Ion. 

le  W.  borders  of 
from  Ravennn. 

[iH,  V.  Bristol  co. 
,n,  and  12  NNE. 

r.  Schoharie  co. 

>m  Albany,  and 

Idy. 

ircester  co.  Mass. 

994. 

t.  Worcester  co. 

part  of  Somerset 

Pawtuckct  river, 
CO.  Mass.  46  m. 

V.  in  the  NW. 
18  m.  NW.  from 

Chester  co.  N.Y. 
er,  about  16  m. 
).53. 

ss  CO.  N.  Y.  on 
bout  90  n.  N.  of 

,  Pa.  in  the  NE. 
E.  from  the  vil- 

Md.46m.NE. 

0.  Md.  flows  info 
irlestown. 
injjton  CO  Vt.  9 
>op.  1,412.   Here 

.lin  CO.  Mas.i.  E. 
E.  from  Green- 
Ion.     Pop.  1,"''>'7- 
itiiated  near  the 


NORTHFIELD,  t.  Richmond  co.  N.Y.  on 
tlie  NW.  part  of  Staten  Island,  5  m.  W.  f-om 
Southfield.    Pop.  2,171. 

NORTHU.'VIBERLAND,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H. 
on  the  Connecticut,  7  ni.  N.  from  Lancaster. 
Pop.  342. 

NORTHUMBERLAND,  t.  Saratoga  co. 
N.  Y.  on  the  Hudson,  11  m.  NE.  from  Balls- 
ton-Spa,  44  N.  from  Albany.     Pop.  1,606. 

NORTHU.MBERLAND,  co.  central  part 
of  Pa.  bounded  N.  by  Lycoming  co.  E.  by  Co- 
lumbia, S.  by  Dauphin,  and  W.  by  tlic  Sus- 
({uchannah  r.  It  is  watered  by  both  branches 
of  the  Susquchannah.  Pop.  18,168.  Chief 
town,  Sunbury. 

NORTHUMBERLAND,  t.  Northumber- 
land  CO.  Pa.  on  a  point  of  land  in  the  ibrks  of 
the  Susquchannah,  2  m.  !Sf.  from  Sunbury,  124 
NW.  from  Philadelphia.  Pop.  of  the  boroagh, 
1,090.  Tiic  town  is  regularly  laid  out,  picas- 
ant,  and  flourishing,  and  contains  an  academy. 
Here  is  a  covered  bridge  across  the  N.  brancli 
of  the  Susquchannah. 

NORTHUMBERLAND,  co.  Va.  bounded 
NE.  by  the  Potomac,  E.  by  Chesapeake  Bay, 
SW.  by  Lancaster  and  Richmond  cos.  and  W. 
by  Westmoreland  col ;  151  <n.  from  W.  Pop. 
7,953.  At  the  court-house  there  is  a  village  cf 
about  40  houses. 

NORTHWOOD,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
20  ni.  E.  from  (x)iicord,  27  WN  W.  from  Ports-, 
mouth.  Pop.  1,342.  Crystals,  crystalline  wpars, 
and  black  lead,  are  found  in  this  town. 

NORTON,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  75  n,.  NE.  fhm\ 
Montpelicr. 

NORTON,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  8  m.  NNW. 
from  Taunton,  36  SSW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,484.  Here  are  manufactories  of  iron  and 
cotton. 

NORTON,  t.  Delaware  co.  Oiiio.  34  m.  N. 
from  Columbus. 

NORWALK,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  near  tiie 
mouth  of  a  small  river  of  the  same  name,  on 
Long  Island  Sound,  31  m.  WSW.  from  New 
Haven,  45  NE.  ^iom  New  York.  Pop.  3,793. 
It  is  a  pleasaiiL  (.own,  and  has  an  academy, 
Iron  works,  and  some  trade  to  New  York  and 
the  West  Indies. 

NORWALK,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Huron 
CO.  Ohio,  14  m.  from  liake  Erie,  and  100  NE. 
from  Columbus.  Lon.  from  W.  5"^  3"'  W. ;  lat. 
41oi6'N. 

NORWALK  ISLANDS,  ciusier  rf  small 

islands  in  Long  Island  Sound,  near  the  coajtof 

Connecticut    Lon.  72°  22'  W. ;  lat.  41°  4'  N. 

NORWAY,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  5  m.  SW  of 

Paris,  152  NNE.  of  Boston.    Pop.  1,712. 

NORWAY,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  N. 
of  Herkimer,  90  NW.  of  Albany. 

NORWICH,  t,  Windsor  co.  Vt.  on'the  Con- 
necticut, opposite  Hanover,  21  m.  N.  of  Wind- 
sor.   Pop.  2,316.    Here  is  an  academy. 

NORWICH,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass. '  la. 
WSW.  of  Northampton,  150  W.  of  Boston. 
Pop.  787. 

NORWICH,  city.  New  London  co.  Ct.  on 
the  Thames,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  14  m. 
N.  from  New  Lo\idon,  38  SE.  from  Hartford, 
45  WSW.  from  Providence,  362  from  W.   Lon. 


72°  29'  W.;  lut,  4P  34'  N.  Pop.  5,169.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  2  banks,  and 
several  houses  of  public  worshij).  It  comprc- 
bonds  three  villages,  the  town,  Chelsea  Land- 
irig,  and  Bean  Hill.  In  the  last  there  is  an  • 
academy,  and  in  the  town  is  an  endowed  school. 
Norwich  is  a  pleasant  town,  and  considerable 
both  for  trade  and  manufactures.  It  is  fa- 
vorably situated,  at  the  head  of  navigation, 
and  has  an  extensive  back  country.  The  falls 
of  the  river  afford  scats  for  various  mills  and 
manufacturing  cstjiblishments.  The  courts  for 
the  county  arc  held  alternately  at  this  city  and 
Now  liondon. 

NORWICH,  t  and  cap.  Chenango  co.  N.Y. 
oil  the  ( Jhcnango,  8  m.  N.  from  Oxford,  100  W. 
from  Albany,  332  from  W.  It  is  a  pleasant 
and  flourishing  village,  containing  a  court- 
house,  jail,  and  bank. 

NORWICH,  t.  Franklm  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Scioto,  alxive  Montgomery. 

NOTAHACIvY,  or  Notahucky,  r.  Ten. 
whicli  rises  in  N.  C.  and  joins  the  French 
Broad  a  little  above  Dandridge. 

NOTTAWAY,  co.  S.  part  of  Va.  bounded 
N.  by  Amelia  co.  E.  by  Dinwiddle  co.  S.  by 
Lunenburg  co.  and  W.  by  Prince  Edward  co. 
Pop.  10,141. 

NOTTAWAY,  r.  Va.  which  unites  with 
the  Meherrin  in  N.  C.  to  form  the  Chowan. 

NOTTINGHAM,  t  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
24  m.  NW.  of  Portsmouth.    Pop.  ]  ,157. 

NOTTINGHAM,  West,  v.  Hillsborough  co. 
N.  il.  on  the  E.  side  of  Merrimack  river,  45  m. 
N.  by  W.  of  Boston. 

NOTTINGHAM,  t  Burlington  co.  N.  J. 
Pop.  3,91)0. 

NOTTINGHAM,  East  and  West,  the  two 
SW.  and  contiguous  towns,  Chester  co.  Pa. 
Thny  are  situated  on  tlie  E.  side  of  Octararo 
creek,  and  join  Maryland. 

NorTliN(iHAM,t  Prince  George  co.  Md. 
OP  the  W.  sid'i  of  Patuxent  river,  27  m.  SE. 
troin  W. 

NOTTINGHAM,  a  hUly  t  Harrison  co. 
Ohio,  7  m.  W.  fVom  Cadiz.  This  t  contains 
tiie  village  of  Moorfield.    Pop.  1,227. 

NOVA  IBERIA,  t.  Attakapas  co.  La.  on 
the  Teche,  about  10  m.  from  St  Martinsville. 

NOVA  SCOTIA.    See  page  167. 

NOWLAND'S  FERRY,  v.  Loudon  co.  Va. 

NOXONTON,  V.  Newcastle  co.  Del.  22  m. 
SSW.  from  Wilmington. 

NULHEGEN,  r.  Vt  which  is  foimed  in 
A  verill,  and  flowslnto  the  Connecticut,  between 
Minehead  and  Brunswick. 

NUNDA,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Genesee,  14  m.  N.  from  Angelica.  Pop.  1,291. 

NUNICK  MOUNTAINS,  mountains  of 
S.  C.    Lon.  83°  W.;  lat  35°  N. 

0. 

OAK  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  nms  intothr- 
Ohioi,  a  few  miles  above  Augusta,  Ken. 
OAK  GROVE,  t.  Lunenburg  co.  Va. 
OAK  HILL,  v.  Greenville  district  S.C.      ^ 
OAK  HILL,  V.  Laurens  district  S.  C. 
OAK  HILL,  V.  Greene  co.  N.  Y. 
OAK  HILL,  t.  Fa^iquier  co.  Va. 


<ki 


* 


360 


OAK— Oill 


i:? 


OAK  IIILI.,  V.  Mecklenburg  co.  Vu. 

OAK'S  CREEK,  r.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  which 
runs  S.  10  iiiilcH,  and  unites  with  the  Susque- 
lianiiah. 

OAK  ISLAND,  small  IhI.  on  the  coast  of 
N.C.  at  the  mou',h  of  Cape  Fear  river. 

OAKHAM,  *..  Worcester  co.  Mass.  15  m. 
WNW.  from  Worcester,  55  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,010. 

OAKINGHAM,  v.  Laurent  district,  S.  C. 
92  m.  NW.  from  Columbia. 

OAKLAND,  CO.  Michifjan  tcr.  on  Huron  of 
Lake  St.  Clair,  lying  KW.  from  Wayne,  and 
W.  from  Macomb  cos.  and  about  40  in.  NW. 
from  Detroit. 

OAKMULGIVE,  r.  (Jco.  which  joins  the 
Oconee  to  form  the  Alatamalia.  Lon.  83^  W. ; 
lat.  32^  24'  N. 

OAKS,  V.  Hanover  co.  Va. 

OAXACA,  state  of  Mexico,  bounded  by  the 
AtJjntio  Ocean  S.  Puebla  W.  and  NW.  "Vera 
<>:(  •  N.  and  NE.  and  Guatemala  E.  Length 
.'torn  E.  to  W.  210  m,  mean  width  180.  Be- 
)  >'((;n  lat.  1.5' 40' and  18°  N.  This  state  is 
tiini  of  the  most  delightful  countries  on  this 
fart  of  the  globe.  The  beauty  and  salubrity 
^'f  the.  climate,  the  fertility  of  t'le  soil,  and  the 
rit'iness  and  variety  of  its  ])roduetioiis,  all  eom- 
biiic  to  minister  to  the  prosperity  of  its  in- 
liabiianta;  and  this  province  has,  accordingly, 
horn  the  r'unotcst  ])erioas  been  the  centre  of ' 
ail  advanced  civilization. 

OAXACJA,  city  of  Mexico,  and  capital  of 
tlie  statt!  of  the  same  name,  stands  on  one  of 
the  confluents  of  the  ('hieometepee  river,  2 ill 
m.  SSE.  from  llic  city  of  Mexico.  Lat.  Ki 
.55'  N.  It  enjoys  an  atmnsplicre  of  peculiar 
serenity,  but  the  country  is  subject  to  carth- 
(luakes.     Poj).  25,200. 

OBED'S  RIVKK,  r.  Ten.  wliicii  rises  in 
Overton  co.  and  runs  into  the  Cum'/crland,  in 
Jackson  eo.  a  few  miles  below  the  Kentucky  line. 

OBIAN,  r.  TennesA-C,  which  runs  into  the 
Mississippi.    Lat.  "a"  48'  N. 

OCATAHOOLA,  r.  Louisiana,  which  runs 
SSE.  through  'jjC  greatest  part  ci  its  course, 
tlien  turns  f"  tnc  E.  passes  through  a  lake  of 
the  same  i'  .me,  and  joins  the  Ouachitta,  at  tlie 
junction  'jC  the  Tensaw. 

OCC.iCHAPPO,  r.  Al.  which  runs  N,  into 
the  Muscle  Shoals. 

0(JCONEACHEA  ISLANDS,  three  small 
islands  on  the  river  Roanoke, bilonging  to  Vir- 
ginia.   Lat.  36' 35' N.' 

OCCOHAPPY,  or  Bear  Creek,  r.  Ten. which 
runs  into  the  Tennessee  river. 

OCCOQUAN,  V.  Prince  WiUiam  co.  Va.  23 
m.  from  W. 

OCCOQUAN  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs 
into  the  Potomac,  7  m.  SW  from  Mount  Ver- 
ilon. 

OCONEE,  r.  Geo.  which  rises  in  the  Oconee 
mountains,  flows  by  Milledgevillc,  and  unites 
with  the  Oakmulgee,  and  forms  the  Alatamaha. 

OCTARARO  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  divides 
Lancaster  and  Chester  cos.  and  runs  into  the 
Sutquehannoh,  in  Md.  about  5  m.  below  Penn- 
syh'ania  line. 

OCTARARO,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa. 


OGDENSBURG,  v.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  V. 
at  the  confluence  of  tlie  OHwegatcliie  with  the 
St.  La  'cnce,  IIG  m.  N.  from  Utica,  212  NW. 
from  Albany.  Here  are  numerous  manufac 
turca,  and  the  harbor  is  safe  and  spacious,  and 
is  a  place  of  considerable  trade.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  3,fl34. 

OGEECHEE,  r.  Geo.  which  rises  near  the 
Apalachian  mountains,  flows  SE.  nearly  par- 
allel  with  the  Alatamaha,  into  Ossabaw  Sound, 
at  Hardwick.    Length  200  m. 

OGLE'i'HORPE,  co.  NW.  part  of  Georgia. 
Pop.  13,558,  of  whom  8,004  are  colored.  Chief 
town,  Lexington. 

OHIO,  r.  U.  S.  formed  by  the  union  of  the 
Alleghany  and  Monongahela,  at  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
It  separates  Virginia  and  Kentucky  on  the  S. 
from  the  states  of  Ohio  and  Indiana,  and  the 
Illinois  territory  on  the  N.  and  after  a  WSW, 
course  of  S14i)  m.  joins  the  Mississippi,  193  ni. 
below  the  Missouri,  in  lon.  8«'  58'  W,;  lat. 
37'  N.  Tlic  Ohio,  from  its  coinnicncemcnt, 
affords  most  deligl'.i'/iil  prosiiectf*.  Rivers  of 
romantic  and  Ixjaiitiful  character  come  in,  al- 
most at  equal  (listanees,  as  la'cnil  canals.  Its 
bottoms  are  of  extraordinary  dnpiii  and  fer- 
tility; generally  high  and  dry,  and  for  this 
most  part  'lealtiiy ;  whiio  the  configuration  of 
thf  country  on  the  barks  has  all  that  grandeur, 
■oilness,  or  variety,  still  changing  and  recur- 
ring in  such  combinations  as  are  requisite  to 
destroy  a  moaotonous  effect.  For  thirty  niiicH 
bi;low  Pittsburg  its  course  is  NW.  It  then 
slowly  turns  to  the  WSW.  and  pursues  that 
geiif:ral  direction  500  m.  Thence  SW.  170  in. 
Thence  W.:;i80  miles.  Thence  SW.170nulcs, 
through  that  low  and  s\vam])y  country,  in 
which  it  finds  the  Mississippi.  Between  Pitts- 
burg and  the  iiiouth,  it  is  diversified  with  100 
considerable  islands,  besides  a  greater  number 
of  tow-heads  and  sand-bars,  which  in  low 
stages  of  the  water  greatly  impede  navigation. 
Some  of  these  islands  arc  of  exquisite  beauty, 
and  afford  most  lovely  ;iituations  fbr  retired 
farms.  The  passages  between  them,  and  the 
sand-bard  at  their  head,  arr  among  the  difficul- 
ties of  the  navigation  of  tliis  river.  The  Ohio 
at  Pittsburg  is  600  yards  wide.  At  Cincin- 
nati,  wiiich  may  be  considered  its  mean  width, 
it  is  not  much  more.  Below  the  Cumberland, 
its  average  width  is  1,000  yards.  Its  valley  is 
dei-p,  and  heavily  timbered,  and  has  nowhere 
the  s:ii(>htest  indication  of  prairie.  It  varifis 
from  2  to  10  in.  in  width.  It  is  bounded  in  its 
whole  course  by  bluffs,  somelimcs  towering 
sublimely  from  the  shores  of  the  river,  and 
sometimes  receding  2  or  3  miles.  Beyond  tlie 
immediate  verge  of  the  bottom  is  a  singular 
line  of  hills,  more  or  less  precipitous,  stretch- 
ing from  5  to  10  m.  from  the  banks.  They 
are  known  on  the  Ohio  by  the  familiar  appel- 
lation of  the  'Ohio  hills.'  Difterent  estimates 
have  been  made  of  the  rapidity  of  its  current. 
This  rapidity  being  cnniinually  varying,  it 
would  be  difficult  to  assign  any  very  exact  es- 
timate. It  is  found,  according  to  the  difterent 
stages  of  the  woter,  to  vary  between  1  and  3 
miles.  In  the  lowest  stages  of  the  water  in 
the  autumn,  a  floating  substance  would  proba- 


GUI— OHl 


;nce  co.  N.  Y. 
tcliii'  with  the 
Lica,  212  NW. 
'OUB  mnnufac- 
,  spacious,  and 
.    Pop.  of  Uie 

rises  near  the 
IE.  nearly  par- 
Issabaw  iSound, 

lart  of  (ieorgiu. 
colored.  Chief 

le  union  of  the 
L  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
tucky  on  the  S. 
idiana,  and  the 

I  after  a  VVSW, 
siKsippi,  193  ni. 
ti-  58'  W.;  lat. 
comnicncement, 
■cu.  Rivers  of 
iter  come  in,  al- 
>riil  canals.     Its 

doptli  and  fer- 
■y,  and  for  the 
configuration  of 
,11  that  grandeur, 
iging  and  recur- 

are  requisite  to 
for  thirty  niilw 
i  NW.  It  then 
md  pursues  that 
•ucc  SW.  170  in. 
c  SVV.  170  nnlcs. 

II  py  country,  in 
Between  Pitts- 

rsificd  with  100 
greater  number 
,  which   in  low 
ipede  navigation. 
jYfiuisite  beauty, 
lions  tbr  retired 
en  them,  and  the 
mong  the  ditlicul- 
river.   The  Ohio 
ide.    At  Cincin- 
its  mean  width, 
the  Cumberland, 
.-ds.   Its  valley  is 
ind  has  nowhere 
■airie.     It  varies 
is  bounded  in  its 
ictinies  towering 
the  river,  and 
les.    Beyond  tlie 
m  is  a  singular 
!ci()itous,  stretch- 
le  banks.    They 
jc  familiar  appel- 
itlercnt  estimates 
ity  of  its  current, 
lally  varying,  it 
.y  very  exact  es- 
g  to  the  dift'erent 
between  1  and  3 
,  of  the  water  m 
nee,  would  proba. 


bly  not  advance  a  mile  an  hour.  It  is  subjecf 
to  extreme  elevations  and  depressions.  The 
average  range  Initwcen  high  ami  low  water,  is 
fifty  feet.  Its  lowest  stage  is  in  Sciiteinber ; 
and  its  highest  in  March.  IJut  it  is  subject  to 
sudden  and  very  considijrable  rises  tiirougli  the 
year.  It  has  beei<  known  to  rise  12  leet  in  a 
night.  When  these  sudden  elevations  take 
|)laee,  at  the  breaking  up  of  the  ice,  a  scene 
of  desolation  sometimes  occurs;  and  iwats  and 
every  thing  in  its  course  arc  carried  away  by 
the  accumulated  i)ower  of  the  ice  and  the  wa- 
ter. Its  average  doscent  in  a  mile,  is  not  far 
from  six  inches.  At  Cincinnati,  the  surface  of 
the  river  at  low  water,  is  supposed  to  be  130 
feet  below  the  level  of  Lake  Erie,  and  430 
ab"ve  that  of  the  tide-water  of  the  Atlantic. 
Be\  vveen  Pittsburg  and  the  mouth,  it  makes 
threi  and  a  half  degrees  of  southing  in  lati- 
tude;. The  average  time  of  the  suspension  of 
its  navigation  by  ice,  is  five  weeks.  One-half 
of  the  remainder  of  the  year,  on  an  average, 
it  is  navigable  by  large  steam-boats  in  its  wliole 
course.  The  other  half,  it  can  be  navigated 
easily  only  by  steam-boats  of  a  small  draft  of 
water.  Since  the  Louisville  and  Portland  canal 
lias  been  completed,  steam-boats  oi'  small  draft 
can  descend  at  all  times  from  Pittsburg  to 
the  Mississip))!.  Flat  and  kccl-lwats  descend 
the  river  at  all  seasons ;  but  in  periods  of  low 
water,  with  frequent  gioundings  on  the  sand- 
bars, and  the  necessity  of  often  imloading  to 
<Tet  the  boat  oil'  It  would  be  ditljeult  to  de- 
cide when  the  Ohio  has  the  most  beautiful  ap- 
|)carancc — in  the  spring,  when  it  rolls  along 
between  full  banks,  or  in  the  autumn,  wlii;n 
between  the  ripples  it  is  eahn  and  still,  with 
broad  and  clean  sand-bars;  or  in  the  ripples, 
where  its  transparent  waters  glide  rapidly  over 
the  peblJy  and  sliellv  l)ottom,  showing  every 
thing,  as  through  the  transparency  of  air.  The 
Ohio,  and  all  its  trii)utaries,  cannot  liave  less 
than  ."),000  miles  of  Iwatable  waters ;  and  ta- 
king all  circumstances  into  consideration,  few 
rivers  in  the  world  can  vie  witli  it  eitiier  in 
iitihty  or  beauty. 

The  Ibllowing  table  of  distances  is  taken 
from  Dr.  Drake ;  the  distances  are  founded  on 
the  surveys  made  by  tlie  U.  S.  on  the  nortii 
bank: 

From  Pittsburgh  to       miles,     whole  (list. 

Big  Beaver  river 30 30 

Little  Beaver  river 13 43 

StcuberiviUe 2G 6!) 

Wheeling 26 95 

Marietta 83 178 

Great  Kenhawa  river   ...  .87 235 

Big  Sandy  river 47 312 

Scioto  river 40 352 

Maysville 50 402 

I-ittle  Miami  river 56 458 

Cincinnati 7 465 

Grciit  Miami  river 20 485 

Kentucky  river 48 533 

Louisville 54 5^'7 

Salt  river 23 610 

Anderson's  river 98 708 

Gret  n  river 52 760 

Wabash  river 61 B21 

2  V 


Sliawneetown  •  •  •_• 10. . 

C'ave-in-roek 20. , 

Cumberland  river 40. , 

Tennessee  river .12. . 

Fort  Massac 8. 

Mississippi 38. 


..831 
..851 

.  ,891 

..903 

...911 

..949 


WIIOI.K   Nl'MllIlR   OF   STKAM-DOATS  BUILT  O.V  THE 
WKSTKRN    WATKRS. 


When 

VVIi.ile 

Now 

Lost  nr   j 

hiiilt. 
Ihll 

No. 

running. 

worn  nut. 

1 

1 

1814 

4 

4 

1815 

.3 

3 

1816 

2 

3 

1817 

!» 

9 

1818 

23 

23 

1819 

27 

27 

1820 

7 

1 

6 

1821 

6 

1 

5 

1822 

7 

7 

1823 

13 

1 

12 

1824 

13 

1 

12 

1825 

31 

19 

12 

1826 

.52 

36 

16 

1827 

25 

19 

6 

1828 

31 

28 

3 

1829 

53 

53 

1830 

30 

30 

1831 

9 

9 

348 

198 

150 

ik 


m] 


Of  file  boats  now  running, 

68  werc!  built  at  Cincinnati, 


68 

2 
12 

?■ 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

I 

2 

I 

1 

6 

3 

2 

2. 

1 

3 

1 
10 


Pittsburg, 

Louisville, 

New  Albany, 

Marietta, 

Zanesville, 

Fredericksburg, 

Westport, 

Silver  Creek, 

Brush  Creek, 

Wheeling,  ' 

Nashville, 

Frankfort, 

Smithland, 

■  Economy, 
Brownsville, 
PortsmoutJi, 

■  Steubenville, 
Beaver, 

St.  Louis, 

New  York, 

Philadelphia, 

Not  known  where. 


198 


Of  this  whole  number,  111  were  built  at 
Cincinnati,  68  of  which  were  running  in  1831. 
Of  the  150  lost  or  worn  out,  there  werc  63 
of  the  latter,  36  lost  by  snags,  14  burnt,  3  lost 
by  collision,  and  .14  by  otner  accidents  not 
aseer' lined.     Total  150. 

OHIO,  one  of  the  I'.  States.    See  p.  134. 

OHIO,  eo.  NW.  part  of  Va.  bounded  NW. 
and  W.  by  the  Ohio,  N.  by  Brooke  co.  and 
Pennsylvania,  E.  by  Pennsylvania,  SE.  by 
Monongaba  and  Harrison  cos.  and  SW.  by 


Wf 


302 


OIIl— OPK 


■':.     M 


ll        t'      » 


^ 


?.lJ 


J 


i 


Wood  CO.     Pop.  15^90.    Chief  town,  VVlii-cl- 
ing. 

OHIO,  t  Clermont  co.  Ohio.    t'op.  2,681. 

OHIO,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  .313. 

OHIO,  ca  Ken.  bounded  by  Uutlrr  SK. 
(irccn  river,  or  Muhlcnhnrff  S.  iind  SVV.  Dii- 
vies  NW.  Breckenridge  N.  and  tJrayson  NI). 
Length  32  m.  mean  width  20.  ( liief  town, 
Hartford.  Fop-  '"  1«^<>.  3,H7') ;  in  1KJ0,4,!I1.1. 

OHIOPYLK  FALLS,  eatarnct  in  tlie  river 
Youghiogeny,  20  feet  perpendicular,  nl)out  30 
ni.  from  its  union  with  the  Monongahcla. 

OIIOOPEE,  r.  of  (Jeo.  whicii  runs  into  the 
AlatuwHiha,  Ion.  82^  10'  W.;  lat.  3P  31'  N. 

OIL  CREEK,  t.  Crawford  co.  Pa. 

OIL  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  whicii  runs  into  the 
Alleghany,  6  m.  E.  from  Franiilin.  Sec 
Franklin, 

OIL  SPRING,  V.  Cataraugus  co.  N.  Y. 

OKEFONOC^O.    See  Ouai/iinphenofraw. 

OKETIBBEHA,  r.  Al,  wliich  joins  the 
Tombigbee,  at  the  dividing  line  of  tlie  Cliieka- 
Haws  and  Choctaws. 

OK-LOCK-ONE,  r.  U.  S.  rises  in  Geo.  and 
flowing  SSVV.  falls  into  Ok-Iock-onc  Hay,  40 
m.  E.  from  the  nioutli  of  the  Apalachicola 
river. 

OK-LOCK-ONE  BAY,  is  the  extreme  in- 
land extension  of  the  Apalache  Bay,  and  re- 
ceives the  Ok-lock-one  and  St.  Mark's  rivers. 
Lat.  30°  8'  N. 

OLD  BRIDGE,  v.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J. 

OliDTOWN,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Geo.  on  the 
Ogceehee,  12  m.  SE.  from  Louisville. 

OLDTOWN,  or  Skipton,  t.  Alleghany  co. 
Md.  on  N.  branch  of  the  Potomac,  142  m.  W. 
from  Baltimore. 

OLDTOWN,  t.  Alleghany  co.  Md.  on  the 
N.  side  of  Potomac  river,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  SW.  branch,  14  m.  SE.  of  Cumberland, 
and  134  NW.  of  W. 

OLDTOWN,  v.  Ross  co.  Ohio,  12  m.  NW. 
from  Chillicothe,  and  54  a  little  S.  of  E.  from 
Columbus.     Pop.  248. 

OLDTOWN  CREEK,  r.  N.  C.  which  runs 
into  Cape  Fear  river.  Ion.  78^  9'  W. ;  lat.  34-= 
8'N. 

OLEAN,  t.  Cataraugus  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Alleghany,  173  m.  NNE.  from  Pittsburg.  Pop. 
561. 

OLEAN,  or  Qil  Creek,  r.  Cataraugus  co. 
N.  Y.  which  runs  into  tlie  Alleghany,  25  m. 
long. 

OLIVERIAN,  r.  N.  IJ.  which  runs  into  the 
Connecticut,  in  Haverhill. 

OLYMPIAN  SPRINGS,  v.  Bath  co.  Ken 

OMPOMPONOOSUC,  .•.  \t  which  runs 
into  the  Connecticut,  3  m.  N.  from  Dartmouth 
(College, 

ONEIDA,  CO.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Lewis 
CO.  E.  by  Herkimer  i.o.  SW.  by  Madison  eo. 
and  W.  by  Oswego  co.  Pop.  71,326.  Chief 
towns,  Whitesltoroiigh,  Ulica,  and  Rome. 

ONEIDA,  lake,  chiefly  in  Oneida  eo.  N.  Y. 
20  m.  long,  and  4  broad.  It  receives  Wood 
creek  on  the  E.  end,  and  communioates  with 
Lake  Otitario  by  the  Oswego.  It  is  a  beauti- 
ful lake,  abounding  in  fish. 

ONEIDA  CASTLE,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 


ONEIDA  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs 
N.  into  E.  end  of  Oneida  Lake.  I.rf;ngtli  25  m. 

ONE  LEG,  an  eastern  t.  of  Tuscarawas  co. 
Ohio. 

ONION  RIVER,  r.  Vt.  which  runs  W.  into 
Lake  (Inimplain,  4  m.  NW.  from  Burlington 
village.  It  is  one  of  the  principal  rivers  of 
V<!riiiont.  Between  Colchester  and  Burling- 
ton it  has  worn  through  n  solid  rock  of  lime- 
stone, forming  a  chasm  of  70  or  80  feet  deep, 
and  at  Bolton  there  is  another  similar  chasm. 
Length  70  m. 

()NONDA(^A,  CO.  N.Y.  bounded  N.  by 
Oswego  CO.  E.  by  Madison  co.  S.  by  Cort- 
laTidt  eo.  and  W.  by  Cayuga  eo.  Pop.  58,974. 
('hief  town,  Syracuse. 

ONONDACJA,  t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  .50  m. 
W.  from  Utica,  145  W.  from  Albany.  It  is  a 
large  and  flourishing  town,  and  has  two  vil- 
lages, Onondiiga-Hollow  and  West  Hill.  The 
latt«>r  is  2  ni.  W.  of  the  former,  and  contains 
several  churches  and  a  printing-office. 

0N0NDA(;A,  or  Salt  Lake,  lake  in  Onon- 
daga CO.  N.  Y.  7  iji.  N.  from  Onondaga.  It  is 
7  111.  long,  and  2  broad.  It  discharges  its 
wat<>rs  from  N.  end  into  Seneca  river.  On  its 
borders  arc  celebrated  salt-springs. 

ONONDAdJA-HOLLOW,  v.  Onondaga  co. 
N.  Y.  6  m.  S.  from  Sahna.  It  contains  a 
state-arsenal,  an  academy,  a  meeting-house,  u 
printing-office,  and  considerable  manufactures. 

ONSLOW,  CO.  SE.  part  of  N.  C.  on  the 
coast.     Pop.  7,814. 

ONTARIO,  lake,  N.  A.  between  New  York 
and  Upper  Canada.  Lat.  43°  15'  to  44°  N. 
It  is  190  m.  long,  and  55,  where  widest,  broad; 
about  600  m.  in  circumference.  It  discharges 
its  waters  through  the  St.  Lawrence  into  the 
Atlantic,  from  NE.  end,  and  communicates 
with  Lake  Erie  at  SW.  part,  by  the  river  Ni- 
agara. It  is  a  very  deep  lake,  with  sufficient 
water  in  every  part,  but  has  few  good  harbors. 
It  furnishes  a  variety  of  excellent  fish. 

ONTARIO,  CO.  iii  U.C.  consists  of  the  fol- 
lowing islands ;  Amherst  Island,  Wolfe  Island, 
(Jage  Island,  and  all  the  islands  between  the 
inoutJi  of  the  Gananoqui,  to  the  easternmost 
extremity  of  Point  Pleasant. 

ONTARIO,  CO.  N.Y.  bounded  N.  by  Mon. 
roe  and  Wayne  cos.  E.  by  Seneca,  S.  by  Steu- 
ben and  Yates,  and  W.  by  Livingston.  Pop. 
40,167.  Chief  towns, Canandaigua  andGenevn. 

ONTARIO,  t.  Wayne  co.  N.Y.  on  S.  side 
of  Lake  Ontario,  20  m.  W.  from  Canandaigua. 
Pop.  1,.587. 

OOI.FNOY  MOUNTAIN,  S.C.  in  the  vi- 
cinity  of  Table  Mountain.  It  is  remarkable 
for  a  cataract,  the  descent  of  which  is  from 
600  to  700  feet. 

OOSTAXAULEE,  r.  Geo.  in  the  country 
of  the  Chtrokees.  It  flows  SW.  and  unites 
with  the  Etowec  to  form  the  Coosa. 

OOTAGAMIS,  U]ip€r,  t.  NW.  Territory,  on 
the  river  Ouisconsin,  about  40  m.  from  the  Mis- 
sis.sippi.     Lut.  42°  42'  N. 

(Mrr  AG  AMIS,  Lower,  t.  NW.  Territory,  at 
the  conflux  of  the  Oiiiseon,sin  and  Mississippi. 

OPELOUSAS,  U  and  cap.  of  St.  Landry  dis- 
trict. La,  about  60  m.  W.  from  Baton  Rouge 


II 


OPI— osvv 


363 


F,at.  30  *  .'W  N.     It  (.•(ititiiins  ii  cotirt-lioiisc,  n 
jail,  nil  nc'ii(lcmy,;iiul  ii  Uomaiit'atliolifcliiircli. 
OriCKON,  r.  HcrU.liy  co.  Vii.  wliicli  runs 
into  tlir  IVtlonnc,  I'l.  of  iialli, 

OI'PHN  1 1  Kl  M,  t.  .M.)nt!,r..rn.Ty  (•(..  N.  V.  on 
N.  sific  nfflii'  IVFoliawk,  I.")  m.  \V.  fniin  .lolniH- 
town, .")!)  WNW.  Ironi  All.nny.     F«ii.  ."J.li.JO. 

(J(i[J  \t;o,  V.  Mrnoinc  co  N.  Y.  on  tlic  Sus- 
quelunnm,  16  m.  K.  from  ('lifii.'injro.l'oint. 

()|{AN,  v.  < hiondatjii  no.  N.  Y. 

()R.\N(;K,  CO.  K.  side  ofVt.  l)oinidi(l  N.by 
(^ilcdoniii  and  VVasliiiirrton  cos.  10.  hy  Conncc- 
fiout  river,  S.  by  Win(lsor  co.  VV.  l)y  .■\<l(iison 
CO.  and  NW,  by  Wasliinjjion  co.  Ft)]).  :J7,;.'H,j. 
Chief  towns,  ChcNca,  Newbury,  and  l<aiidol|>h. 

Of{AN(;L:,  t.  Oranjre  co.  Vt.  13  ni.  SH.  from 
Montpelier.     I'op.  1,01  G. 

OliANGE,  t.  Urafton  ro.  N.H.  14  m.  SW. 
from  IMyniouth,  and  40  NNVV.  from  Concord. 
Pop.  40.'). 

ORANGE,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  14  in.  E. 
from  (Jreenticld,  and  TS  WNW.  from  lioston. 
Poi».  H81). 

ORANGE,  CO.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Sulli- 
van and  Ulster  cos  10.  by  the  Hudson,  SE.  by 
Rockland  co.  SW.  by  New  .Icrsey  and  Penn- 
.'jylvania.  Pop.  in  1820, 41,213 ;  in  1830, 45,372. 
('hief  towns,  Ncwburjrh  and  Goshen. 

ORANGE,  t.  Essex  co.  N.J.  4  m.  W.from 
Newark.  Pop.  3,887.  It  adjoins  to  Newark, 
on  the  W.  Ilere  is  an  academy.  The  excel- 
lent cider,  known  by  the  name  of  Newark  ci- 
der, is  chiefly  made  in  this  township. 

ORANGE,  CO.  In.  bounded  by  Crawford  S. 
Dubois  SW.  Owen  W.  Lawrence  N.  and  Wash- 
ingrton  E.  Length  22  m.  mean  width  18.  Pop, 
in  1820,  5,308 ;  in  1830,  7,909.  Chief  town, 
Paoli. 

ORANGE,  CO.  central  part  of  Va.  bounded 
N.  by  Madison  and  Culpcper  cos.  SE.  by  Sjwtt- 
sylvania  co.  S.  by  Louisa  and  Albemarle  cos. 
and  WN^V.  by  Rockingham.  Pop.  14,037,  of 
whom  7,983  are  slaves.    Chief  town,  Orange. 

ORANGE,  CO.  N.  part  of  N.C.  Pop.  23,875. 
Cliief  town,  Hillsborough. 

ORANGE,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  watered  by 
Alum  Creek.     Pop.  369. 

ORANGE,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.    Pop.  405. 

ORANGHBUR(J,  district,  central  part  of 
S.C.    Pop.  18,4.55. 

ORANGEBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Orangeburg 
district,  S.  C.  on  N.  branch  of  the  Edisto,  40 
m.  SSW.  from  Columbia,  and  77  NNW.  from 
Charleston.  It'  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
about  20  houses,  and  an  academy. 

ORANGE  SPRINGS,  or  Gum  Springs,  v. 
Orange  co.  Va. 

ORANGETOWN,  t.  Rockland  co,  N.  Y.  on 
W.  side  of  the  Hudson,  28  m.  N.  from  New 
York.  Pop.  1,947.  This  town  lies  on  the  S. 
part  of  Tuppan  Bay,  an  eximnsion  of  the  Hud- 
Koji.    Major  Andre  was  ha;igcd  here  as  a  spy. 

ORANGEVILLE,  t,  between  Shcldtm  and 
Warsaw,  (ienesce  co.  N.  Y,  on  the  head  of 
Tonnewanto  creek,  20  m.  S,  from  Batavia. 
Pop.  \,r>'25. 

ORANGEVILLE,  v.  Columbia  co.  Pa. 

ORFORD,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  on  the  Con- 
necticut, opposite  Fairlee,  with  wiiich  it  is  con- 


nt'cfrd  by  a  bridge,  10  m.  !^.  from  Haverhill, 
fit  NNW.  from  Coneord.  Pop.  I,H2!»,  Here 
in  a  pii'Msant  villagr,  and  tlic  town  contains  a 
valuable  (piarry  ol'  Hoapntonc. 

OIM'ORI),  v.  Hartford  en.  Cl. 

OR  LAND,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me.  on  E.  side 
of  lli(.'  I'enohscof,  n|)|iosite  ProH|K'jtt,  14  m.  N. 
from  ( ;astine,  23H  N 10.  from  Boston.    Pop.  975. 

OR  LEAN,  V.  Fau.piier  CO.  Va. 

OIHJOANS,  ro.  N.  part  of  Vt.  Ixmnded  N. 
by  Canada,  10.  i)y  Essex  eo,  SE.  by  Caledonia 
CO.  S.  by  Washington  ci)  and  W.  by  Franklin 
CO.  Pop.  in  1820,  (i,!l7i;;  in  I8:U),  i;i,980. 
Chief  towns,  Irasburg,CraftHbury,  and  Brown- 
ing! on. 

ORLEANS,  t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  20  m. 
E.  from  Barnstable,  atid  85  SE.  from  lioston. 
Poj).  1,7;J!). 

ORONO,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Me.  on  W.  side 
of  the  Penobscot  alwve  Bangor,  43  m.  N.  from 
C;astine,  216  NE.  from  Boston.    Poj).  1,473. 

ORPHAN  ISLAND.isl.Me.near  the  nioulh 
of  the  Penobscot,  lietween  Prospect  and  Or- 
land,  containing  about  10,000  acres. 

ORRESKANNY,  v.  Om  ida  eo.  N.  Y. 

ORRINCn'ON,  t.  Penobscot  eo.  Me.  on  E. 
side  of  the  Penobscot,  opposite;  Hampden,  33 
m.  N.  from  ('astine.     Poj).  1,234, 

ORRSVILLE,  V.  Pendleton  district,  S.C, 

ORVILLE,  V.  Onondaga  co,  N,  Y, 

ORWELL,  t.  Arhtabulu  CO. Ohio.  Pop.  106. 

ORW  ELL,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  58  n).  SW.  from  Montpclier.  Pop.  1,598. 

ORWELL,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.    Pop,  501. 

OliWELL,  V.  Bradford  co.  Pa. 

ORWICKSBURC;,  t,  bor.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Schuylkill  co.  Pa.  It  stands  on  a  rising  ground, 
7  m.  above  the  Schuylkill  Water-gap,  am!  10  E. 
from  the  coal-mines  near  Mount  Carbon,  26  m. 
NW.  from  Reading.  It  contains  a  court-house 
and  jail,  a  number  of  stores,  and  an  academy. 

OSAGE,  r.  La.  which  joins  the  Missouri, 
133  m.  from  the  Mississippi.  It  is  a  very 
crooked  river,  and  is  navigable  for  boats  about 
600  miles, 

OSNABURG,  v,  and  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio,  5  m. 
E.  from  C'anton,  on  the  road  leading  to  New 
Lisbon.     Pop.  1,620. 

OSSIAN,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.    Pop.  812, 

OSSIPEE,  t.  Straftbrd  co,  N.  H.  55  m,  NNW. 
from  Portsmouth.     Pop.  1,935, 

OSSIPEE,  lake,  N.  H.  chiefly  in  NE.  par/ 
of  the  townsliip  of  Ossifjce,  about  1,000  rodt 
long  from  N,  to  S.  and  600  broad. 

OSSIPEE,  r.  which  flows  from  Ossipec 
Lake  into  the  Saco,  N.  of  Cornish,  in  Maine, 
15  m.  10.  from  Lake  Os.sipcc. 

OSSIPEE,  Little,  r.  Me.  which  runs  into 
•the  Saco,  12  m.  below  Great  Os.sipec. 

OSWEGATflHIE,  t.  St  Lawrence  co.  on 
the  St.  Lawrence,  at  N.  end  of  Black  Lak.^; 
1 16  m.  N.  from  Utica,  212  NW.  fi-om  Albany. 
Pop.  3,934.  It  contains  the  village  of  Ogdens- 
burg, 

OSWEGATCHIE,  r.  St,  Lawrence  co. 
N.  Y.  which  runs  into  the  St,  Lawrence  at 
Ogdensburg,     Length  120  miles. 

OSWEGO,  r.  N,  Y.  which  runs  from  Onei- 
da Lake   into  Lake  Ontario.     After  a  very 


364 


OSW— OWL 


:| 


i 


4'    '-^ 


1 , 


I';. 


K#K'' 


fi  '^" 


orookcd  course  of  IS  in.  it  mcrtH  Stnecn  river 
at  Three  Rivtr  Point,  wiiiiinc  to  ilH  inoiifli  it 
iH  24  miles,  'riio  prinripiil  (ixll  in  in  Volncy, 
12  m.  from  Ohwcjjo.  Its  nuviffiition  is  im- 
proved by  Io<;ks  und  ciiniil!*. 

OSWEGO,  CO.  N.Y.  bounded  N\V.  by  Lulu; 
Ontario,  N.  by  .lef^jruon  co,  K.  by  \,vv,'in  und 
Oneida  cos.  S.  by  <  bieida  Laite,  Onondiiifii  n»<l 
(Cayuga  cos.  and  W.  by  Ciiyucn.  roji.  :27,104. 
Chief  towns,  Oswctfo  and  Richland. 

OSWECiO,  V.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  at  the 
mouth  of  tlie  Oswego ;  1 14  ni.  W.  from  Utica, 
379  from  W.  Lat.43^  ^'N.  Top.  2,703.  This 
is  a  flourishing,  crTuiiierciul  village.  (Ireut 
quantities  of  salt  arc  brought  here  from  the 
salt-works  at  liivcrpool  and  >Salina,  and  ex- 
ported. It  is  well  situated  for  manufacturing, 
the  Oswego  river  forming  convenient  water- 
power,  conducted  to  tliis  |)lacc  from  tho  fallH 
in  a  canal.     It  has  some  sJiipping. 

OSWEGO  FALLS,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 

OTEGO,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.Y.  20  m.  SW.  of 
CooiM-rstown.    Pop,  1,14H. 

OTEGO  CREEK,  r,  Otsego  co.  N.Y.  whicli 
runs  into  the  Susquehannah,  in  the  township 
of  Otcgo.     Length  28  miles. 

OTIS,  t  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  28  m,  SE.  of 
Lenox,  34  W.  of  Springfield,  116  W.  of  Boston. 
Pop.  1,014. 

OTISCO,  t  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  7  m.  S.  of 
Onondaga,  50  W.  of  Utica.     Po;-.  1,938. 

OTISCO  CREEK,  r.  in  Onondaga  co.  N.Y. 
which  runs  into  Onondaga  liake. 

OTSEGO,  CO.  central  part  of  N.  Y.  hounded 
N.  by  Herkimer  and  Mont^'oiuery  cos,  E.  by 
Schoharie  co,  S,  by  D(  law  arc  co.  and  W,  by 
Chenango  and  Madison  cos.  Pop,  in  1820, 
41,856 ;  in  lb3C,  51,37:^,  Chie 'town.  Coopers- 
town, 

OTSEGO,  t,  and  cai>.  Oi«:go  eo,  N.Y.  Gfi 
m.  W.  of  Albany.  Pop.  4,3o3,  including  C'oop- 
erstown.     Sec  Coopeintown. 

OTSEGO,  lake,  in  Ofsego  co.  N.  Y.  66  ni. 
W.  from  Albany ;  9  m.  long,  and  3  broad. 

OTSELIC,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y,  Pop, 
1,2.38. 

OTSQUAGA  CREEK,  r.  N.Y. which  runs 
into  the  Mohawk,  E.  of  Minden.  Length  25  ni. 

OTTAWA,  h\g<-  river  of  British  Amerini, 
rises  N,  from  Lake  Huron,  and  tlowing  SE. 
falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence,  25  m.  NW,  from 


Territory,  rises  at  lat,  40^  N,  and  between  Ion, 
12  and  !!<  V  .  from  W.  interlocking  with  the 
.\Ienom()ni(M)f  (ireen  Hay,  and  wilii  the  Montli- 
ern  riv(TH  of  Lake  SuiHirinr.  It  thenee  lloww 
S.  to  alxiut  lat.  43  '  45',  wlirrc  it  approaches  so 
very  near  Fox  river  of  (ircen  Hay,  as  to  lea\c 
only  a  [tortage  of  one  niile  and  a  hall'.  Itelow 
(lie  i»ortag(!  the  OuiseonKin  tnrnK  to  SW.  bv 
W.  and  falls  inti)  .Mis,-<issip|)i,  >  'i.Mi  .'>  in.  below 
Prairie  du  Cliieii,  at  lat.  43'  N.  'I  his  stnuin 
Ibrms  one  of  the  great  tialiir  i  clumnels  of 
coMunimication  between  the  St.  Lawrence  and 
Mississippi  basins.  Though  generally  rapid 
in  its  current,  it  is  unimpeded  by  cataracts,  or 
even  dangerous  shoals.  'I'lie  entire  length  by 
comparative  courses  is  350  miles,  nearly  one 
half  of  which  distance,  is  below  the  portage. 

OUIATAN,  or  Oiiatinon,  v.  and  fort.  In,  on 
the  Wabash,  nlxiut  400  m,  alxjvc  its  mouth ; 
1 30  m,  S.  from  Fort  St.  .Joseph.  I^at.  40'=  30'  N. 
The  Wabash  is  navigable  to  this  place  with 
kecl-lwats. 

OVERTON,  CO.  Ten,  l)ounded  by  CumlH^r- 
land  CO,  in  Ken,  N.  Morgan  co.  Ten.  E.  Bled- 
soe S,  White  SW,  and  Jackson  W,  Leiiglli 
40  m,  mean  width  15,  C^hief  town,  Monroe, 
Pop,  in  1820,  7,128;  in  1830,  7,188. 

OVERTON,  t.  Perry  co.  Ten.  153  m.  W. 
from  Murfreesborough. 

OVID,  t.  and  cap.  Seneca  co.  N,  Y.  20  m.  S. 
by  E,  from  Geneva,  41  N.  ''rom  Elvira,  205  W. 
from  Albany,  317  from  VV.  Pop.  2,756.  It  is 
situated  between  Seneca  and  Cayuga  lakes, 
and  is  a  large  and  excellent  agriodtural  town. 
It  contains  the  county  buildings,  a  printiug- 
otlice,  and  4  houses  of  public  worship. 

OWASC:0,  t.  Cayuga  co,  N,  Y,  3  ni.  SE.  of 
Auburn,  1  (iO  W.  of  Albany.     Pop.  1,350, 

OVVASCO,  lake,  in  Cayuga  eo,  N  Y,  11  ni. 
long,  and  l.i  broad,  Owasco  creek  runs  Irom 
this  lake  and  joins  the  Seneca.  Length  15  ni. 
OWECjIO,  v,  in  Tioga,  Broome  co.  N.Y.  on 
the  Susquehannah,  near  the  n)outh  of  Owego 
creek,  10  m.  S.  from  Spencer,  170  SW.  from 
Albany.  It  is  a  considerable  and  flourishing 
village,  and  has  a  printing-office. 

OWEGO  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into 
the  Susqucliannah,  near  the  village  of  Owcgb ; 
25  miles  long. 

OWEN,  CO.  Ken.  bounded  by  Kentucky  r. 
W,  Gallatin  NW,  Garrat  N.  Harrison  E,  and 


Montreal,     It  forms  part  of  the  boundary  be- ,  Scott  and  PVanklin  S,     Length  20  ni,  mean 
tween  Upper  and  Lower  Canada,     Its  volume  |  width  12,    Chief  town,  Owentown,    Pop,  m 


of  water  is  very  great,  for  its  length  of  course 
Though  much  obstructed  by  ra|)ids,  it  is  one 
of  the  channels  of  inland  trade  from  Montreal 
to  the  NW, 

OTTER  BRIDGE,  v,  Bedford  co.  Pa, 

OTTER  CREEK,  r.  Vt,  which  ri^es  near 
Dorset,  and  running  W,  of  N.  flows  into  Lake 
Champlain,  at  Basin  Harbor,  in  Ferrisburg, 
It  is  navigable  for  sloops  to  Vcrgenncs,  6  m. 
Length  85  miles. 

OTTER  CREEK,  r.  Ken,  which  runs  into 
the  Ohio, 

OTTER  CREEK,  r,  V..,  vhich  runs  into 
the  Staunton, 

OTTSVILLE,  V.  Buck.       Pa. 

OUISCONSIN,  r,  of  the  U.  S.  in  the  NW. 


1820,  2,031 ;  in  1830,  5,793. 

OWEN,  CO.  In.  bounded  by  Dubois  S.  Da- 
vies  W.  Martin  N.  and  Lawrence  and  Orange 
E.  Length  24  m.  width  18.  Chief  town,  Green- 
wich.   Pop.  in  1820,  838;  in  1830,  4,060, 

OWENTON,  t,  and  seat  of  justice,  Owen 
CO,  Ken,  on  a  branch  of  Eagle  creek,  20  m, 
NNE.  of  Frankfort.   Lat.  38=  31' N.    Pop.  143. 

OWENV^  LE,  V.  Gibson  co.  In.  190  m. 
SW.  from  Indianapolis. 

OWINGSVILLE,  v,  Bath  co.  Ken.  70  m. 
E.  from  Frankfort.     Pop.  241. 

OWENBOROUGH,  v,  Davies  co.  Ken, 
Pop,  229, 

OWL  CREEK,  r,  Ohio,  which  joins  the 
Mohiccon,  on  the  borders  of  Coshocton  ca 


OVVI^PAL 


305 


worn  Irtfi. 

r  witll  tin: 
llic  HOIllll- 

■nci:  tloWM 
roarliPH  w» 

IIH  to  ll'llVf 

It".  He  low 
to  SVV.  liy 
ft  III.  IhIow 

iiJH  Htri'am 
liiinnt'lH  ol' 
wrcincc  and 
•rally  rapid 
•ataraclH,  or 
•I'  leiijftli  l>y 
,  nearly  one 
u  portiiffc. 
i  fort,  In.  on 

its  mouth ; 
it.  40'^  SO' N. 
B  place  witli 

by  Cnmlirr. 
IVn.  K.  ni.H. 
\V.  T,cii{;lii 
[wn,  Monroe. 
8H. 
n.  153  m.  W. 

^.Y.  20m.S. 
l'^.lvira,'J05W. 

).  aj.w.   It  is 

.;ayii}Ji  lakes, 
ioiltnrul  town. 
;s,  a  printing, 
irsliip. 

am.  SE.of 
.  1,350. 
;  N  Y.  11  1". 
cck  vunH  from 
Length  15  m. 
CO.  N.Y.on 
Hith  of  (Dwi{r« 
170  SW.  from 
nd  flourishing 

,'hich  runs  into 
age  ofOwcgo; 

)y  Kentucky  r. 
arrison  K.  and 
1  20  ni.  mean 
town.    Pop.  m 

Dubois  S.  Da- 
ico  and  Orange 
of  town,  Green - 
L830,  4,060. 
'  justice,  Owen 
e  creek,  20  in. 
I'N.  Pop.  143. 
CO.  In.  190  m. 

CO.  Ken.  70  m. 

Ivies    CO.   Ken. 

vhich  .joins  tlie 
bshocton  ca 


OWI/S  IIKA  I),  ra|M'  of  Me.  on  W.  nide  of 
tiie  eiitranee  of  i'l  iiobscot  Hay,  on  I'l.  sid(;  of 
Tlioiiiastown. 

OX  HOW,  Crnit,  ninarkablo  In-nd  of  the 
river  ("onnectieiit,  in  llie  township  of  Newbury, 
Vt.  eontaiiiiiig  150  acn  s  of  tlif  ilnest  iiuudow 
liiiid. 

OXFORD,  CO.  VV.  part  of  Me.  Umnded  K. 
by  Somerset  and  Keimeheek  (uw.  S.  by  Cuiii- 
iM'rliuiil  and  Oxford  cos.  mid  \V.  iind  N\V.  by 
N.  II.  Pop.  in  1m:>(),  'JT.iOl;  in  IKJII,  .r),t>17. 
Cliiet  town,  I'nr's. 

OXKOIll),  t.  Woreester  co.  Mass.  11  m.  S. 
from  Worcester,  50  SW.  from  IJoston,  Pop. 
2,034. 

OXFORD, t.  NewIIiiven  co.  Vt.  DJm.NW. 
from  New  Haven.     Pop.  l,7f)'2. 

OXFOIM),  t.  Chrniingo  co.  N.Y,  8  m.  S. 
from  Norwich,  110  \V.  from  yMlinny.  Poji. 
2,!)47.  It  has  an  academy,  and  a  eonsiderable 
village.  A  weekly  newH|)a|K'r  is  jiublished  liere. 

OXFORD,  t.  Wiirren  co.  N.J.  on  K.  side  of 
the  Delaware,  17  in.  NNE.  from  Easton.  Pop. 
3,f)G5. 

OXFORD  FURNACE,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

OXFORD,  t.Cliester  CO.  Pa. 

OXFORD,  t.  Philiidelpliia  co.  Pa.  on  the 
Delaware,  8  ni.  NE.  from  Philadelpliia. 

OXFORD,  t.  Adams  CO.  Pa. 

OXFORD,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  Talbot  co. 
Md.  on  the  Trcadliaven,  8  in.  above  its  mouth, 
13  SSW,  from  Easton,  48  SE.  from  Baltimore 
It  is  a  place  of  considerable  trade. 

OXFORD,  t.  Caroline  CO.  Va. 

OXFORD,  t.  Granville  co.  N.  C.  30  m.  N. 
by  W.  from  Raleigh.  Here  arc  a  church  and 
2  academies. 

OXFORD,  t  Butler  co.  Ohio,  35  m.  NW. 
trom  Cincinnati,  110  SW.  from  Oihimbus.  The 
land  of  this  township  l)clongs  to  the  Miami 
University.    Pop.  2,!)28. 

OXFORD,  t.  'I'uscarawaa  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
218 

OXFORD,  t  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  4  m.  E.  of 
Cambridge.     Pop.  1,798 


iiH  you  a«lvanre  lo  (he  SVV.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Arkniisas  mid  Red  rivers;  its  western  base 
is  wiinbed  I'v  the  Illinois  and  the  Osage,  and 
on  the  E.  :  gives  rise  lo  the  St.  I'Vancis,  VVhite 
river,  and  tlie  Waehitta.  ■        , 

P. 

PAt'IIIJC'A,  t.  Mexico,  flinioiiH  tor  its  silver 
mines.  >S)me  authors  say,  that  in  the  spaen 
ol'  six  lejigucH,  ti.'re  are  not  less  than  a  thoii- 
sand.  One  of  wliieli,  cialled  Trinity,  is  hii|)- 
|K)scd  to  be  as  rieli  as  any  in  the  Spanish  do- 
minions, fiirty  millions  of  silver  having  Ix-en 
taken  Iroin  it  in  10  years.  It  in  45  ni.  NNE. 
from  Mexico. 

PACOIiET,  r.  whieli  rises  in  N.  C.  and 
unites  with  Rrond  river,  at  Pinckm.yville,  in 
S.  ('.  Paeolet  S|trings  are  uixin  it,  17  ni. 
above  I'inekneyviile. 

rA(JAN  CltEEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
.lames  river 

PA(rE,  ,'.  America,  which  runs  NW. 

into  the  ("oh.   ma,  aliove  the  Falls. 

PA(;i]SVllJ,E,  v.  Newberry  district,  S.  C. 
58  III.  NW.  from  (lolmnbia. 

PAINESVILLE,  t.  (Jeauga  co.  Ohio,  on 
Grand  river,  near  its  mouth,  alwnt  .30  m.  E. 
from  (/'levcland.  It  is  a  very  nourishing  town, 
the  largest  in  the  county,  and  has  considera- 
bio  trade.     Pop.  1,4!»!). 

PAlNESVll.LE,  t.  Amelia  co.  Va. 

PAINT,  t.  Highland  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  2,IG2. 

PAINT,  t.  Fayette  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  9G3. 

PAINT  CREEK,  r.  Ohio.  It  is  a  western 
branch  of  the  Scioto,  which  it  joins  5  m.  below 
Chillicothc. 

PAINT  CREEK,  v.  Floyd  co.  Ken.  221  m. 
SSE.  from  Frankfort. 

PAINTED-POST,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  Tioga,  20  m.  SE.  from  Bath,  234  WSW. 
from  Albany.  Pop.  974.  It  takes  its  name 
from  a  jiainted  [lost  near  the  Coshocton,  8U[i- 
jiosed  to  be  an  Indian  monument  of  great 
antiiiuily. 

PAINTER  CREEK,  western  brook  of  Still- 


OXFORD,  t.  Coshocton  CO.  Ohio.  Pop.  741. 1  water  rivulet,  emptying  into  said  rivulet  in 


OXFORD,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio, 

OXFORD,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  4G8. 

OXFORD,  Upper,  t  Chester  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,433. 

OYSTER  BAY,  t.  Queen's  co.  N.  Y.  on 
Long  Island  Sound,  25  m.  E.  from  New  York. 
Poj).  5,193.  Here  is  an  academy,  and  several 
houses  of  public  worship. 

OYSTER  BAY,  South,  v.  Queen's  co.  N.Y. 

OYSTER  RIVER^  r.  N.  H.  which  rises  in 
Lee,  and  flows  through  Durham  into  (ireat 
Bay. 

OZ AMA,  r.  Ilispaniola,  which  runs  into  the 
sea  below  the  town  of  St.  Domingo. 

OZAN,  L  Hempstead  co.  Arkansas. 

OZARK  MOTJNTAINS,  U.  S.  an  elevated 
and  mountainous  'ract,  commencing  near  the 
ex)nfluence  of  the  rivers  Missouri  and  Missis- 
sippi, and  extending  in  a  SW.  direction  across 
Arkansas  territory  into  the  province  of  Texas. 
It  attains  its  greatest  elevation  in  the  NE. 
diminishing  in  height  and  increasing  in  breadth 


Miami  co.  Ohio.     It  rises  in  Darke  co. 

PAINTMC;K  creek,  r.  Ken.  which  rumt 
into  the  river  Kejitiicky. 

PAINTVILLE,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  15  m. 
SE.  from  Wooster. 

PALATINE,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  on 
N.  side  of  the  Mohawk,  10  m.  W.  from 
Johnstown,  51  WNW.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
2,745. 

PALATINE  BRIDGE,  v.  Montgomery  co. 
N.Y. 

PALESTINE,  t.  Lawrence  co.  In. 

PALESTINE,  V.  Crawford  co.  II.  80  m. 
eastward  from  Vandalia. 

PALMER,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  16  m. 
E.  Springfield,  71  WSW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,2.37. 

PALMERSTOWN,  v.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y. 
4G  m.  from  Albany. 

PALMYRA,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  28  m.  E, 
from  Norridgewock,  215  NNE.  from  Boston. 


Pop.  912. 


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WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

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PAI.— PAR 


PALMYRA,  t.  Danpl.in  n.».  Pa.  138  m.  VV. 
fromW, 

PALMYRA,  t.  Waynr  co.  Pa. 

PALMYRA,  t.  Portajr,.  co.  Ohio,  rt  m.  VSK. 
from  Ravenna.     Pop.  Kll). 

PALMYRA,  t.  .Martin  co.  N.C. 

PALMYRA,  t.  MoMtponicry  co.  Tennessee, 
on  the  CunilH-rlnnd,  l."*  ni.  below  ClariieHville, 
65  N^V.  from  Nashville. 

PALMYRA,  V.  Wayne  co.  N.  Y.  near  Mud 
creek,  and  on  the  Erie  canal,  12  ni.  nearly  N 
from  Canandaigiia.    Pop.  .%  127. 

PALMYRA,  t  Pike  co.  Pa.  G  m.  SE.  from 
Betliany. 

PALMYRA,  V.  Lebanon  eo.  Pa.  15  m.  E. 
from  Ilarrisburg. 

PAIiMYRA,  t.  Halifax  co.  N.  C. 

PALMYRA,  V.  at  Palmyra  Bend,  Warren 
CO.  Mis.  S.!  m.  below  Walnut  Hill. 

PALMYRA,  t.  and  cap.  Edward^  co.  11. 
on  tlie  Great  Wabash,  20  m.  below  Vinccnnes, 
40  NE.  from  Carmi.  It  is  situated  in  a  fine 
country. 

PALMYRA,  L  Misaissipin,  at  Palmyra- 
Bi!nd,  about  25  m.  below  Walnut  Hills. 

PALMYRA,  t  Edwards  eo.  11.  on  the  Wa- 
bash, 40  m.  by  water  below  Vinccnnes. 

PALMYRA,  V.  Pike  co.  Missouri,  19?  m. 
NW.  from  St.  Louis. 

PALOURDE,  (Jrassy,  Jean,  and  Vcrret 
form  a  chain  of  small  lakes  between  Teciie 
and  the  Fourcho  river,  La.  It  is  through  this 
chain  of  lakes  that  a  ferry  has  been  established 
from  the  mouth  of  Tcche  to  the  Fourche  and 
Mississippi  rivers.  The  intermediate  ground 
is  so  low  and  marshy,  as  to  rcn'er  the  forma- 
tion of  a  road  at  any  season  impracticable.  A 
small  canal  and  creek  unite  the  Fourche,  16 
m.  from  its  elHux  from  the  Mississippi,  with 
Lake  Verret,  from  which  the  lakes  mentioned 
in  tills  article,  and  their  connecting  cliannels, 
complete  the  communication  between  the  east- 
ern and  western  part  of  the  state. 

PAMELIA,  t  Jefferson  co.  N.Y.  Pop. 
2,20.1. 

PAMLICO  «50UND,  a  large  bay  on  tlie 
coast  of  N.  Carolina,  86  m.  long,  and  from  10 
to  20  broad.  It  is  separated  from  the  sea  by 
a  sandy  beach  hardly  a  mile  wide,  which  is 
covered  with  busiies-  It  communicates  with 
Albemarle  Sound.  Ocrccock  is  its  principal 
outlet 

PAMUNKY,  r.  Va.  formed  hy  the  N.  and 
8.  Anna.  It  runs  SE.  and  unites  with  the 
Matlapony  to  form  York  river. 

PANAMA,  V.  Chatauquc  co.  N.  Y. 

PANSE,  r.  In.  which  Hows  NW.  into  the 
Wabash,  a  little  above  the  junction  of  the  Tip- 
pecanoe. 

PANUCO,  river  of  Mexico,  rises  near  San 
Luis  Potosi,  and  .flowing  E.  over  the  Bt.ato  of 
San  liuis  Potosi,  falls  into  the  Moctezuema. 

PANUCO,  city  of  Mexico,  in  the  state  of 
Vera  Cruz,  on  the  river  Ponuco,  near  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  and  170  m.  N.  by  E.  of  the  eity  of 
Mexica  Lon.  21°  30'  W.j  lat.  23°  13'  N. 
from  W. 

PANTHER  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs 
into  the  Green  river. 


PANTON,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Lnk. 
Champlain,  .33  m.  S.  from  Ourlington.  Pop. 
(;i).5 

P.VOLI,  *.  and  cap.  Orange  eo.  In.  27  N. 
from  f<eveiiworthvil!e,  40  E.  from  Vincennes. 

PAOLI,  V.  Orange  CO.  N.Y. 

P AOfJ,  V.  Orange  eo.  In. 

PAPANTLA,  t.  of  Mexico,  in  the  state  of 
Piiehia,  al)oiit  130  m.  NE.  from  the  city  of 
Mexico.  I,on.  2(P  40'  W.;  lat.  20°  .30'  N. 
from  W.  This  place  is  very  remarkable  for 
the  mngnitiidc-  and  extent  of  antiquities  found 
williin  its  vicinity. 

PAPAStilllARO,  v.  of  Mexico,  in  the  SW. 
I>art  of  the  state  of  Durango.  Lat.  24°  58*  N. 
It  is  alwiit  70  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Durango, 

PAPERVILLE,  v.  Sullivan  co.  Ten.  278 
m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Murfreesborough. 

PARADISE,  V.  Lancaster  eo.  Pa. 

PARADISE,  t.  York  co.  Pa. 

PARIS,  t.  and  cap.  Oxford  co.  Me.  48  m. 
NNW.  from  Portland,  160  NNE.from  Boston. 
Pop.  2,307.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
2  houses  of  public  worship,  1  for  Congregation- 
alists,  and  1  for  Baptists. 

PARIS,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  SW.  from 
Utica,  101  N.  of  W.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,763. 
This  is  a  large  and  valuable  township,  and  is 
the  most  populous  in  the  county,  and,  next  to 
Whitcstown,  the  most  wealthy.  It  contains 
7  houses  of  public  worship,  3  for  C-ongrega- 
tionalists,  2  for  Methodists,  1  for  Episcopalians, 
and  1  for  Baptists ;  several  flourishing  villages, 
and  considerable  manufactures. 

PARIS,  t.  Faurinicr  co.  Va. 

PARIS,  central  t  of  Union  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
436. 

Paris,  small  village,  Preble  co.  Ohio. 

PARIS,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  250. 

PARIS,  eastern  t  of  Stark  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,513. 

PARIS,  v.  Jefferson  co.  In.  about  60  m.  W. 
from  Cincinnati. 

PARIS,  or  Bourbonton,  t.  and  cap.  Bourbon 
CO.  Ken.  near  the  junction  of  the  Houston  and 
Stoner  creeks,  13  m.  ENE.  from  Lexington, 
80  S.  from  Cincinnati.  It  is  a  pleasant  town, 
situated  in  a  fertile  country,  and  contains  a 
court-house,  a  jail,  a  bank,  an  academy,  a  Pres- 
byterian and  a  Methodist  meeting-house,  and 
several  cotton  and  woollen  manufactories.  A 
great  part  of  the  buildings  are  of  brick.  The 
surrounding  country  is  pleasant  and  fertile. 
Pop.  1.21!). 

PARIS,  v.  nnd  seat  of  justice,  Henry  co. 
Ten.  on  the  dividing  ground  between  the 
sources  of  Obiou  ond  Sandy  rivers,  about  100 
m.  a  little  N.  of  W.  from  Nashville. 

PARIS  FURNACE,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.Y. 

PARISHVILLE,  v.  of  St.  Lawrence  co. 
N.  Y.  35  m.  SE.  by  E.  from  Ogdensburg. 

PARKE,  CO.  In.  on  both  sides  of  Wabash 
river,  liounded  E.  by  Putnam,  and  S.  by  Vigo. 
Length  and  breadth  21  in.  each.  This  co.  lies 
about  60  m.  W.  from  Indianapolis. 

PARKER,  r.  Mass.  which  falls  into  the 
sound  opposite  Plum  Island,  NE.  of  Rowley. 

PARKER'S  CREEK,  r.  Md.  which  runs 
into  tlie  Che.saiK'!ike. 


PAR-PAT 


307 


PARKER'S  ISLAND,  IhI.  at  the  month  nP!  rAS("Ar;()l'I,A,r.  Miss.,  which  nin»  S.  into 
the  Kenncbcck,  forming  a  jwrt  of  tlie  town-lthe  jfiilf  of  Mexico,  38  ni.  W.  from  Mobile 
ship  of  Georgetown.    *  !I!ny.  It  is  imvifriihlc  for  vessplg  drawing  6  feet 

PARKER'S  ISI,AND,    isl,  in  the  Chcsa-lof  wntcr  hIkjuI  ;">()  m.     LenifUi  about  300  m. 
pcakc,  near  the  coiwt  of  Maryland,  lH  m.  S.I     PASC'A'I'Atil'AS,  r.  Mr.  runii  E.  into  tlie 
from  Annapolis.     Lon.  70°  41'  W. ;  iat.  .HH"  Pcnohscof, !)  in.  almvc  the  PonHadnnky. 
53' N.  j     PAStT'ARO,  city  of  Mexico,  in  tlie  Btnfo 

PARKERSBlIRrj,  f.  and  cap.  Wood  ro.  Va.  of  Michoacan,  on  Lake  PuHCUaro.     It  is  elc- 

PARKERSTtJWN,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  .3l>  vat<!d  7,217  feet  above  the  level  of  tlie  Pacific 
m.  WNVV.  from  Windsor.  | Ocean,  13,5  m.  \V.  from  Mexico. 

PARKINSON'S  FERRY,  v.  Washington!  PASO,  drl  Norte,  town  of  Mexico,  in  New 
CO.  Pa.  1  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Crundc  del* Norte.     Lon. 

PARKMAN,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  38  m.  NE.  frof.i  W.  26^  3'  W. ;  Iat.  30="  40'  N. 
from  Norridgewock.     I'ojt.  bil3.  I     I'ASQIJFARO,  town  of  Mexico,  in  Durango, 

PARKMAN,  t.  (Jeaujra  co.  Oliio.  neiir  ihe  Rio  Nanos. 

PARSIPPANV,  V.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  25  ni.      P A.^Ql'OTANK,  r.  N.  C.  which  rises  in 


NW.  from  Newark. 
PARSON'S,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass. 


l)isMia4    Swamp,   and    runs    into  Alhcmarlo 
Sound.     It  is  connected  with  Elizubetli  river 


PARSONSF'IELI),  t.  York  co.  Mc.  50  ni.  l)y  a  canal,  whicli  fonns  a  communication  be- 
NNW.  from  York  co.  Mc.  118  in.  NNE.  from  tween  .lames  river  and  Albemarle  Sound. 
Boston.     Pop.  2,10.';.  !     PAStJUOTANK,  co.  NE.   part  of  N.  C. 

PARSON'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  near  the  Pop-  «,•>!'»•     <'li'Pt"  town,  Elizabetli  city 
coast  of  Maine.     Lon.  67°  25'  W.;  lut  44=      PASSADUNKY,  or  Pssadumkeag,  r.  Me. 

which  runs  SE.  and  joinB  the  Penobscot,  19 


.16'  N. 
PASCAGOULA,  t.  Miss 


m.  above  Bangor. 


PASSAIC  FALLS. 


PASSAIC,  r.  N.  J.  which  flows  S.  into  Now- 
ark  Bay.  It  is  navigable  10  in.  for  small  ves- 
sels. At  Patterson,  wiiich  is  situated  on  tliis 
Rtreani,  are  the  Passaic  Falls :  here  the  river 
has  a  fall  of  72  feet  iwnxjndicnlar,  presenting  a 
scene  of  singular  beauty  and  grandeur.  It  is 
much  visited  as  an  interesting  natural  curiosity. 

PASSAMAQUODDY,  bay,  which  forms  a 
part  of  the  boundary  between  Mainn  and  Now 
Hrnnswick.  It  is  about  fi  m.  in  extent  (iwm  N. 
to  S.  and  12  from  E.  to  W. 

PATAPSCO,  r.  Md.  rises  in  the  NW.  cor- 
nor  of  Baltimore  co.  runs  SE.  and  empties  into 
the  ('hesapcake  Bay,  between  Nortli  Point  ujid 
Bodkin  Point.  It  is  navigable  to  Baltimore 
city,  whicli  is  situated  on  it,  14  m.  from  its 
mouth,  for  vessels  of  tiie  largest  diss. 

PA'rcilOGNE,  t.  on  the  S.  side  of  Long 
Island,  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  50  m.  E.  from  tlie 
citv.of  N.  Y. 

tATCnOCaiE,  V.  ill  Brookhnvon,  N.  Y. 

PATESVILLE,  v.  Breckenridge  co.  Ken. 

PATIENt'E,  isl.  in  Narraganset  Bay,  R.  F. 
NW.  of  Prudence  Island,  2  miles  long  and  I 
broad. 


PATOKA,  r.  U.  S.  in  In.  rising  in  Orang« 
and  Crawford  cos.  and  flowing  thence  in  a 
western  direction,  about  80  m.  over  Dubois, 
Pike,  and  Gibson  cos.  empties  into  the  Wabash, 
3  m.  below  the  mouth  of  White  river. 

PATRK;K,  CO.  S.  side  of  Va.  bounded  N. 
by  Franklin  co.  E.  by  Henry  co.  S.  by  N.  C. 
and  NW.  by  Grayson  and  Montgomery  coe. 
Pop.7,:W3.  '  ' 

PATRICKSVILI^,  V.  Guilford  co.  N.C. 

PATRKIKSVILLE,  v.  Craven  co.  N.  C. 
near  Newb<'rn. 

PATRICKTOWN,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me. 
Po|).  382. 

PATRICK,  C.  H.  Patrick  co.  Va.  45  in.  SE. 
by  E.  from  Evansville,  and  270  SW.  by  W. 
from  Richmond. 

PATRICK'S  SALT  WORKS,  Perry  co. 
Ken.  H7  m.  SE.  from  Frankfort. 

PAITEN'S  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs 
into  tlie  Ohio.  Lon.  85*  50'  W.;  Iat.  38° 
22'  N. 

PATTERSON,  t.  F^ssex  co.  N.  J.  on  the 
Passaic,  15  m.  N.  from  Newarit,  97  m.  NNE. 
from  Philadelphia.    Patterson  is  (HUr  of  the 


,1 


368 


PAT-PEE 


larfifest  and  most  flourixhinfr  mnnufactiirine 
villages  W.  of  MaxsucliusetLs.  It  is  Hituuted 
jiut  bvlotv  tiic  romantic  TuIIh  of  Uiu  1'a.ssaic, 
which  Biippliea  wateN|)ower  to  any  extent. 
The  numerous  cstabliMhinents  have  recently 
created  a  very  considerable  town.  It  contains 
17  cotton  factories,  a  clock  factory,  an  iron  fac- 
tory, manufacturing  900,000  lbs.  iron,  and 
8.'jO,000  lbs.  noils.  The  cotton  factories  annu- 
ally manufacture  2,000,000  lbs.  The  flax  fac- 
tory 600,000  lbs.  of  dax.  There  is  one  machine 
shop  employing  150  hands.  Oinnectcd  with 
it  is  an  iron  and  brass  foundery,  working  an- 
nually 600,000  lbs.  of  iron,  and  16^00  of  brass. 
It  contains  .1  or  G  houses  of  public  worship. 

PATrEItSON,  t.  Putnam  co.  N.  Y.  23  m. 
SE.  from  Poughkccpsie,  107  SSE.  from  Al- 
bany.   Pop.  1,536. 

PATflSON'S  CREEK,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the 
Potomac.  Lon.  78=  46'  \V. ;  lat  3'J°  32'  N 
PAITONSBUIIG,  V.  Hotetourt  co.  Va. 
PATUCKET  FALI^S,  on  the  Merrimack, 
between  Chclnisibrd  and  Dracut,  a  httle  above 
the  mouth  of  Concord  river,  1  ^  m.  bekiw  Uie 
head  of  Middlesex  canal,  10  m.  W.  from  An- 
dover.  The  per|>endicular  descent  is  28  fctf. 
A  canal  1  i  in.  long  is  eonstrucled  around  the 
falls,  and  a  bridge  is  built  across  tlie  river  at 
the  principal  descent  Here  is  a  small  village 
in  the  townsliip  of  Chelmsford,  with  a  post- 
ufficc  and  several  cottoo  manufactories. 

PATUXENT,  r.  Md.  which  runs  SE.  into 
Chesapeake  Bay,  18  m.  N.  of  the  Potomac.  It 
is  navigable  for  vessels  of  250  tons  to  Notting- 
ham, 50  m. 

PAUI.DTNG,  CO.  Ohio,  bounded  by  In.  W. 
Williams  N.  Henry  and  Putnam  E.  and  Van- 
wert  S.  Length  24  m.  mean  width  18.  Mau- 
mcc  river  crosses  its  northern  side. 

PAULINGS,  t.  Dutchess  ca  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson. 

PAULIN'S  KILL,  r.  N.  J.  which  runs  into 

th(!  Delaware.  Ixm.  75='  9'  VV.;  lat.  40=  54'  N 

PAWC^ATUCK,    r.   wliich   runs   between 

Rhode  Island  and  Connecticut,  and  falls  into 

Stonington  Harbor. 

PAWLET,  r.  which  rises  in  Vt.  and  rmis 
NW.  into  Wood  Creek,  iii  New  York. 

PAWLET,  t  Rutland  co.  Vt  33  m.  N.  from 
Bennington.  Pop.  1,U65.  This  is  a  consider 
able  agricultural  township,  and  has  a  village 
containing  some  manufactures  and  trade. 

PAWLIMi,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  20  m. 
SE.  from  Poughkeepeic,  105  S.  from  Albany. 
Po|..  1,705. 

PAWTIJCKET,  v.  partly  in  North  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.  and  partly  in  Seckhonk,  Mass.  on 
the  Pawtucket  r.  4  m.  NE.  Irom  Providence. 
Pop.  about  4,000.  It  is  noted  for  tlie  number 
and  extent  of  its  manufactures,  and  Uie  thri- 
ving village  that  has  sprung  up  about  Ihcm. 
Tliese  factories  are  at  the  charming  cascade 
of  Pawtucket  river.  Five  or  six  public  build- 
ings, two  banks,  ten  or  twelve  cotton  factories, 
and  as  many  other  ift.etaries,  have  here  been 
the  growth  of  a  few  years.  The  whirUng  of 
the  mills,  the  dashing  of  the  water,  and  the 
activity  ^  the  village,  altogether  constitute  a 
upectaolMf  great  interest. 


PAWTl'CKET,  r.  R.  I.  which  rises  in  Miuw. 
where  it  is  called  the  iilack8tniic,|iass«>8  through 
N  E.  part  of  Riiode  Island,  and  Hows  into  Nar- 
raganset  Bay,  just  below  Prmidcnoe.  Ik-low 
the  falls  it  is  called  the  Hcekhonk.  The  de- 
scent at  the  falls  is  about  50  feet. 

PAWTl'XET,  V.  in  Cranston,  R.  I.  at  the 
moutli  of  the  Pawtuxet,  4  m.  S.  frouj  Provi- 
deucc.  It  contains  a  bank  and  an  academy. 
It  is  a  flourisliing  village,  and  lias  consider- 
able trade. 

PAXTON,  t  Worcester  co.  Mass.  8  m.  W. 
Worcester,  48  W.  from  Boston.     Pop.  5!l7. 

PAXTON,  t  Ross  CO.  Ohia     Pop.  791. 

PAYNESVILLE,  v.  Rockingham  co.  N.C. 

PEABODY,  r.  N.H.  wliich  joins  Uie  An- 
droscoggin,  in  Shclburne. 

PEACE  RIVER.    Sec  Mackenzie's  Ricer. 

PEACHAM,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt  6  m.  S. 
from  Danville,  27  E.  from  Montpelicr,  51  N. 
from  Dartmoutli  College.  Pop.  1,351.  'iliis 
is  a  pleasant  and  valuable  agricultural  town, 
and  it  has  a  small  village  containing  an 
academy  and  a  Congregational  mccting-liousc. 

PEACH  BtVlTOM,  v.  York  co.  Pa. 

PEACH  TOWN,  V.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. 

PEAKS,  mts.  extending  from  Stratford  in 
N.  H.  to  the  White  Mountains;  2,500  feet  liigli. 

PEAKS  OF  O  ITER,  m  Bedford  co.  Va. 
30  in.  W.  by  N.  from  Lynchburg.  Lat.  37^ 
33'  N.  They  are  summits  of  tlie  Blue  Ridge, 
and  are  considered  the  most  elevated  ]x)ints  of 
land  in  Virginia.  The  altitude  of  Oic  eastern 
peak,  is  3,104  feet ;  tliat  of  the  western,  2,916. 
According  to  another  statement,  the  ekvatiuii 
is  3,955  feet  The  summits  ore  comiiosed  of 
granite. 

PEARLINGTON,  v.  Hancock  co.  Mis.  56 
m.  SE.  from  Jackson. 

PEARL  RIVER,  r.  Mis.  which  runs  S.  and 
joins  tlic  Rigolets,  which  forms  a  cominuni(»i- 
tion  between  Lakes  Ponchortrain  and  Ikirgifc. 
In  the  S.  jmrt  of  its  course.  Pearl  River  sepa- 
rates tlic  state  of  Mississippi  from  Ijouisiana. 
It  is  tlie  largest  river  between  the  Mississipp' 
and  Mobile. 

PEASE,  t  Belmont  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  2,271. 

PEDEE,  Great,  r.  S.C.  which  rises  in  N.C, 
where  it  is  called  Yadkin,  and  runs  SSE.  into 
Winyaw  Bay,  near  Georgetown,  and  coinnm- 
nicates  with  the  Atlantic,  12  m.  below  George- 
town. It  is  navigable  fbr  boats  of  60  or  70 
tons,  about  200  m. 

PEDEE,  LUtU,  r.  S.C.  which  rises  in  N.C. 
and  unites  witli  tlic  Great  Pedee,  32  ni.  above 
its  mouth. 

PEDLAR'S  MILLS,  v.  Amherst  co.  Va.  150 
in.  W.  from  Richmond. 

PEDRICKSBURG,  v.  Salem  co.  N.J.  10 
m.  N.  from  Salem. 

PEEKSKILL,  v.  in  Cortlandt,  Westches- 
ter CO.  N.  Y.  on  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson,  near 
the  mouth  of  Peekskill  creek,  40  m.  N.  from 
New  York.  It  has  a  printing-office,  and  con- 
siderable trade. 

PEELED  OAK,  v.  Bath  co.  Ken.  73  m.  E. 
from  Frankfort. 

PEELING,  t  Grafton  co.  N.H.  20  m.  N. 
from  PlymouUi,  and  557  from  W.    Pop.  203. 


iMaii!!. 

tiroiicli 

lo  Nar- 
Ik-low 

rhe  de- 
al the 

1  Provi- 

»demy. 

onsidcr- 

3  m.  W. 
,  597. 
791. 
ca  N.C. 
tlic  An- 

'«  Ricer, 
6  m.  S. 

er,  51  N. 
il.  This 
ral  town, 
ining  aii 
ing-liousc. 
Pa. 

..N.Y. 
rnfford  in 
I  feet  liitilli. 
rd  CO.  Va. 
Lat.  37  5 
Hue  Uidgi', 
d  j»ints  of 
uhe  eastern 
Mti),  2,946. 
e  elevation 
imixjscd  of 

Mis.  56 

runs  S.  and 
tniniuniui- 
^id  Ilorgrtt. 
fiver  sepa- 
Louisiana. 
[isdissipp' 

h>- 2,271. 

UH  in  N.C. 

SSE.  into 

kd  comniu- 

jw  Gcorgt;. 

tf  60  or  70 

C8  m  N.C. 
I2  n>.  »bove 

I  CO.  Va.  150 

N.J.  10 

IWestchcB- 

^dflon,  near 

N.  from 

,  and  con- 

1.  73  m.  E. 

20  m.N. 
Pop.  203. 


PEE— PER 


CO.  N.  Y.  is  situate*!  on  the  E.  and  W.  line  be- 
tween the  townshijw  of"  Benton  and  Milo,  ^od 
n  small  (iistaiice  .N.  of  the  outlet  of  CrooRed 
fiiikr,  1.3  111.  nearly  .*<.  from  (Jeneva. 
PENNSYLVANIA,  one  of  the  U.  S.    See 


There  are  3  considcrahle  mountains  in  tiiis 
townnhip,  viz.  Cushman'H,  Dluc,  and  Ul.ick 
mountains. 

PEEPEE,  t.  T?o8s  CO.  Ohio,  on  the  Scioto, 
18  m.  S.  from  Chillicnthe. 

PE(;L'NN(M'K,  r.  N.J.  which  joins  the  page  77 
Passaie,  at  llnrscncck.  PENNYTOWN,  v.  Hunterdon 

PEJEPSC'0'I',or  Pepypscot,  t.  Cumberland  10  m.  NN\V.  from  Trenton. 
CO.  Me.  on  the  Androseojririn,  ."JO  m.  NNE.  from       PENO,  t.  Pike  co.  IMiso. 
Portland,  14(1  NNE.  from  lk)-ton. 

PELACJIFJ,  r.  La.  winch  runs  into  the  Mis- 
souri.    liOn  9P  30'  W. ;  lat.  3-^J  M  N. 


oa  N.J. 


PENORSCOT,  CO.  .Maine,  bounded  E.  by 
WiLshinfrlon  and  Hancock  cos.  S.  by  Hancock 
and  Waldo  cori.  and  W.  by  Somerset  co.    It  is 


PELH.V.M,  t.  Roe'<inirhaii)  co.  N.  H.  40  ni. '  w:iti  red  by  the  IViiobsent,  tbrmed  from  N.  part 


of  Hancock  co.    Ciiicf  town,  Bangor.     Pop, 

PENOESCOT,  8-p.  Hancock  co.  Me.  on  R 
side  of  Penobscot  Bay ;  4  in.  N.  from  Castine, 

It  ia  a 


SSE.  from  ( 'oncoril,  1.7  S\V.  from  Porfsmonth 

PELHAM,  t.  Haini.sl.ire  <-n.  Mas-s.  14  m. 
ENE.  from  Northampton,  t<3  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  904. 

PELHAM,    t.  ^Vcst^hestcr   co.   N.Y.   on|:.>4()  NE.  from  Boston.     Pop.  1,271 
Long  Island  Sound,    lf<   m.  NE.  from  New  place  of  considerable  trade 
York.     Pop.  .334. 

PELICAN  ISLAND,  small  isl.  near  the  S 
coast  of  Mississippi. 

PELICAN  ISLANDS,  cluster  of  small  isls 
near  the  coast  of  Mississippi. 

PEMAQL'ID,  bay  on  the  coast  of  INIaine, 
containing  several  small  islands.  Lon.  d'.t- 
30'  W. ;  lat.  43=  50'  N 


PENORSOT,  the  larpest  river  in  Maine. 
I  The  western  and  principal  branch  rises  in  the 
'  western  part  of  tJic  state,  some  of  its  soufcee 
j  Ik  ing  near  the  head-waters  of  the  Chandiere, 
I  and  others  near  those  of  tlic  St.  John's.  It 
■  flows  E.  by  S.  through  Chcsuncook  and  Pein- 
1  niidmnpknk  lakes,  and  unites  with  the  eastern 
1  branch,  54  miles  in  a  right  line  N.  bj  E.  from 
PE.MBROKE,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.H.  oniBaniror. 
H  side  of  the  Merrimack,  6  m.  SE.  trom  Con.|  PENOBSCOT  BAY,  large  bay  of  the  At- 
cord.  Pop.  1,312.  It  is  a  plca.sant  town,  and'lantic,  on  S.  coast  of  Maine.  It  emboeoms 
contains  several  paiK-r-mills  and  other  nianu-'  J^ng  Island,  on  which  is  the  town  of  Islesbo- 
factnring  estahlishm(  nts.  i  roiitrh,  the  Pox  Islands,  containing  the  town 

PEMBROKE,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  12  m.  of  Vinalhavcn,  and  several  smaller  islands.  It 
NW.  from  Plymouth,  23  SSE.  from  Boston. ,  is  a  very  fine  bay,  affords  prent  advantages  of 
Pop.  1,324.  j  navigation,  and  its  islands  present  a  variety  of 


PEMBROKE^  V.  Gencse.  co.  N.  Y. 


lK»autifnl  landscapes.     Its  entrance,  between 


PEMKJEW ASSET,  name  applied  to  the  the  Isle  of  Holt  and  Owl's  Head,  is  18  miles 
main  branch  of  the  Merrimack,  till  it  is  joined '  wide,  and  its  length  from  N.  to  S.  is  about  30. 


by  the  Winnipiscogec,  at  Sonborntown.  It; 
sources  are  from  the  White  Mountains,  and 
Mooschillock,  and  its?  length,  to  its  junction 
with  the  Winnipiscogec,  about  70  in. 

PENDLF/roN,    CO.  central    part   of  Va. 
boonded  NE.  by  Hardy  co.  E.SE.  by  Rockine 


Lon.  68=  40'  to  68=  56'  W.;  lat  44°  to  440 
30'  N. 

PE\OB.<5rOT  HILLS,  mountains,  Me.  on 
the  W.  coast  of  Penobscot  Bay. 

PENSACOLA,  t.  Escambia  co.  W.  Florida, 
on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.    It  is  the  largest  town 


hani  and  Augusta  cos.  S.  by  Bath,  and  WNW.  in  West  Florida,  and  has  a  capacious  harbor, 


but  the  town  can  be  ajiproached  only  by  small 
vessels.  It  is  a  naval  station  of  the  U.  States. 
The  situation  is  comjKiratively  healthy,  and  the 
town  is  somewhat  thriving.  The  town  wa» 
founded  at  an  earlj-  period  by  the  Spaoiardt. 
It  is  50  m.  ESE.  from  .Mobile,  900  SW.  ftwn 
VV.  Lat.  .300  2,5' N. ;  Ion.  87=  W.  Pop.ajDOO. 
PEPPERELL,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  6  m. 

Pop. 


b«r. 


bv  Randolph.  Pop.  6,271.  Chief  town,  Franklin, 
"PENDLETON,  co.  N.  part  of  Ken.     Pop.i 
3,866.    Chief  town,  Falmouth. 

PENFIELD,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  S. 
Mde  of  Lake  Ontario,  23  m.  NNW.  from  Ca- 
nindaigua.  Here  arc  valuable  salt-springs, 
and  abundance  of  bog  iron-ore.  I 

PENNFIELD,  NE.  t.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  on  | 
Irondcquot  Bay,  6  in.  E.  from  Rochester. 

PENNINGTON,  v.  Hunterdon  co.  N.J.  9| 
m.  W.  from  Princeton.  It  is  pleasant  and 
flourishing,  and  contains  40  or  50  houses. 

PENNSBOROUGH,  v.  Lycoming  co.  Pa. 
on  E.  side  of  the  Susquchonnah,  about  18  m.' 
ESEL  from  Williamsport.  ' 

PENN'S  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  into,  river, 
the  Susquehannah,  4  m.  below  Sunbury.  PEQUEA  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  rtma  mto 

PENN'S  NECK,  r'pprr,  t  Salem  co.  N.J.   'the  Susquehannah,  2  or  3  miles  below  Ae 

PENN'S  NECK,  Lower,  t.  Salem  co.  N.  J.  Conestoga. 

PENN'S  VALLEY,  in  the  SE.  part  of  j     PEQUEST,  r.  N.  J.  which  nms  into  tfw 
Centre  ca  Pa.  between  the  Brush  and  Path.  Delaware,  lon.  75=  10*  W. ,  lat  40^  4T N. 
VtUey  mountains.  PERAMES,v.Betzenco.N.J.10m.IllVW. 

PENN  VAN,  t  and  seat  of  justice,  Yates! ftom  Hackinsank,  31  NNW.  from  N««  Yv^ 

aw 


N W.  from  Groton,  39  NW.  from  Boston. 
1.440. 

PEQUANNACK,  t.  Morris  ca  N.J. 
dering  on  Bergen  ca     Pop.  4,451. 

PEQUANOCK,  smaU  r.  N.  J.  in  Bergen 
and  .Morris  cos.  It  joins  Long  Pond  and  Ram> 
pougb  rivers,  at  Pompton,  to  form  Pompton 


370 


l»EK— PER 


PERcrilE  RIVER,  v.  on  a  miiall  crt-ck,  ho 
c&^d,  ill  JefTerBon  co.  N.  Y .  The  crook  riws 
by  k  small  lake,  IH  or  20  m.  NE.  from  Sack- 
ctV  Harbor,  and  fiillB  into  ISlack  River  Hay,  4 
miles  below  Hrownsviile. 

PEI«:in3S  AND  CAVE,  RapitU  dr,on  the 
south-westerly  branch  of  the  Ottawa  river,  im- 
mediately abov(!  Ic  Porta^res  des  Paresseux. 

PERC;iVAI,'S,  V.  Brunswick  co.  Vu.  68  m. 
a  little  W.  of  S.  from  Richmond. 

PERCY,  t.  Nortliumbcrland  co.  L.  C. 

PERCY,  t  Northumberland  co.  U.  C.  in  the 
rear  and  N.  of  ('runmhe. 

PERDIDO,  r.  which  runs  S.  Bcparatni)r 
West  F^lorida  from  Alabama,  and  flows  into 
the  (iulf  of  Mexico,  12  m.  W.  of  Pcnsacola, 
and  32  EL  of  Mobile  Point.  It  forms  a  con- 
siderable bay  at  its  mouth. 

PERIN'PON,  t.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  between 
Pittsibrd  and  Maccdon.  The  t.  lies  on  Imth 
■ides  of  tlio  Eric  canal,  10  m.  SE.  of  Rochester. 
Pop.  2,155. 

PERKINS,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  in  which  ic 
■ituatcd  the  town  called  Sandusky  City.  Pop. 
.335. 

PERKINSONVILLE,  v.  Amelia  co.  Va. 

PERKIOMEN,  r.  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 
which  runs  into  the  Schuylkill,  about  10  miles 
above  Norristown. 

PEROTE,  t.  of  Mexico,  in  the  state  of  Vcro 
Cruz,  about  75  m.  NW.  from  tlie  city  of  Vera 
Cruz,  and  110  nearly  E.  from  Mexico.  Lat. 
19°  30'  N.  Near  this  city  rises  the  vast  moun- 
tain called  by  the  Spaniards  ('offrc  dc  Perotc, 
the  Naugheampatei)ctl,  of  the  Aztcics,  13,414 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

PERQUIMANS,  r.  N.C.  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  lat.  36°  5'  N. 

PERQUIMANS,  co.  N.  C.  bounded  by  Al- 
bemarle  Sound  S.  Chowan  co.  W.  Gates  NW. 
and  Pasquotank  NE.  and  E.  Length  20  m. 
mean  width  10.  Chief  town,  Hertford.  Pop. 
7,417. 

PERRY,  L  Washington  ca  Me.  25  m.  NE. 
firom  Machias.    Pop.  735. 

PERRY,  t  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.    Pop.  2,792. 

PEaiRY,  CO.  Pa.  bounded  by  Cumlwrland  S. 
Franklin  SW.  Mifflin  NW.  and  tlie  Susque- 
hannah  river,  or  Dauphin  SE.  Length  38  m. 
mean  width  14.  Chief  town.  New  Bloomiield. 
Pop.  14^257. 

PERRY,  CO.  Ken.  bounded  by  Harlan  S. 
Clay  W.  EstiU  NW.  Pike  N.  and  Floyd  E. 
Length  50  m.  mean  widtli  20.    Pop.  3,331. 

PERRY,  interior  co.  of  Ohio,  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  Licking  co.  E.  by  Muskingum  and 
Morgan,  S.  by  Athens  and  Hocking,  W.  by 
Fairfield  co.  Length  24  m.  width  18.  Chief 
town,  Somerset    Pop.  14,018. 

PERRY,  t  Wayne  co.  Ohio. 

PERRY,  t.  Shelby  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  349. 

PERRY,  t.  Geauga  co.  Ohia    Pop.  1,14a 
•     PERRY,  t.  Richland  CO.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,082. 

PERRY,  L  Brown  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,018. 
PERRY,  t  Coshocton  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,055. 
PERRY,  t  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  14  m.  S.  of 
Lancaster.    Pop.  814. 

PEmiY,  t  Gallia  oo.  Ohio,  10  m.  W.  from 
GallipoliB.    Pop.  622. 


PERRY,  I.  Eranklin  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  634. 
PERRY,  <».  In.  bounded  by  Ohio  river  SE. 
and  S.  S|Kiicer  W.  DuIioIh  NVV.  and  Crawlbrd 
N.  and  NE.  Length  2H  ni.  mean  widUi  IC>. 
Surface  broken,  and  soil  fertile.  Pop.  in  1620, 
2,330  ;  in  1830,  3,378. 

PERRY,  CO.  'IVn.  bomided  by  Wayne  S. 
Hardin  SW.  IknderHon  W.  t^arroll  NW.  Ilnm. 
pliries  N.  and  Hickman  E.  Length  IVA  ni. 
mean  widtli  2ti.  Poj).  in  1820,2,.3»l ;  in  1830, 
7,038.    Simnnonsvillu  is  the  chief  town. 

PERRY,  central  co.  of  Al.  Iwunded  by  Dal- 
las S.  (ircene  W.  Tuscaloosa  NW.  Bibb  NK. 
and  Autauga  SE.  C'ahawba  river  flows  acroHx 
this  CO.  from  N.  to  S.  dividing  it  into  altnoHt 
equal  sections.     Pop.  11,50!). 

PERRY,  CO.  Mis.  bounded  by  Jackson  and 
Hancock  S.  Marion  W.  Covington  N.  and 
(irecnc  •'  Length  30  m.  breadth  30.  Pop.  in 
18QG,  :i,r37  ,  ;..  1830,  2,285.  Chief  town,  Au- 
gusta. 

PERRY,  C.  H.  Perry  co.  Ken. 
PERRY,  C.  H.  Perry  co.  Al.  on  Cahawba  r. 
50  ni.  SE.  from  Tuscaloosa. 
PERRY,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio. 
PERRY,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  E. 
from  Zanesville. 

PERRY,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio. 
PERRY,  t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio. 
PERRYOl'OLlS,v.  in  the  lower,  or  norlli- 
crn  part  of  Fayette  <(>.  Va.  16  m.  a  little  W. 
of  N.  from  Uniontowu,  and  8  in.  NE.  from 
BrownsvilW. 

PERRYSBURG,  t.  Ohio,  at  the  Lower 
Rapids  of  the  Maumee,  36  m.  W.  by  N.  from 
Croghansvillc,  140  NW.  from  Columbus. 

PERRYSBURG,  NW.  t.  Cataraugus  co. 
N.  Y.  on  Cataraugus  creek,  30  m.  S.  from 
Buffalo.    Pop.  2,440. 

PERRYSBURG,  t  Wood  co.  Ohio,  at  the 
Jjowcr  Rapids  of  Maumee  river,  and  on  the 
right  bank  of  tliat  stream,  135  m.  NNW.from 
Columbus,  80  SW.  from  Detroit,  and  50  SW. 
by  W.  from  the  Bass  Islands  m  Lake  Erie. 

PERRY'S  MILLS,  v.  TatnaU  ca  Geo.  115 
m.  SE.  from  Milledgcville. 

PERRYSVILLE,  v.  AUeghany  co.  Pa.  7 
m.  N.  from  Pittsburg. 

PERRYSVILLE,  v.  Bond  co.  II.  on  the 
Koskoskia,  50  m.  E.  by  N.  from  St.  Louis,  30 
from  Edwardsville. 

PERRYSVILLE,  L  Mercer  co.  Ken. 
PERRYSVILLE,  v.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 
PERRYSVILLE,  t  Richland  co.  Ohio,  on 
an  eastern  fork  of  the  Mohiccon  creek. 

PERRYVILLE,  v.  Perry  co.  Miso.  about 
80  m.  a  little  E.  of  S.  from  St.  Louis. 

PERRYVILLE,  v.  Perry  co.  Ten.  112  m. 
SW.  by  W.  from  Murfrecsborough. 

PERSON,  CO.  N.  C.  bounded  by  Virginia 
N.  Gronville  E.  Orange  S.  and  Caswell  W. 
It  is  a  square  of  20  m.  each  side.  Pop.  in 
1820,  9,029;  in  1830,  10,027.  Chief  town, 
Roxborough. 

PERTH  AMBOY.    See  Ambou. 
PERU,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  38  m.  NNE. 
fi^m  Bennington.     Pop.  455. 

PERU,  t  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  16  m.NNE. 
from  Lenox,  125  W.  from  Boston.    Pop.  729. 


PER— IMII 


371 


op.  634. 
» rivtT  SK. 
,  rrawlbnl 
witWi  ir>. 
p.  in  1820, 

Wuync  S. 
NNV.IInm- 

Ijrlll   IW   111. 

a ;  in  1H3(), 
to>wn. 

idt-a  by  l>iil- 

r.  Bilib  Ni:. 

fl»)\vs  acronH 

into  alniottt 

JackMin  and 
[rton  N.  and 
1  30.  Pop.  in 
icftown,  Att- 


jn  Cohawba  r. 


Ohio,  6  m.  E. 


:)iiio. 

ower,or  norlli- 

m.  a  Utile  W. 

J  in.  NE.  from 

at  the   I^wer 
\V.  by  N.  from 
t'olumbiw. 
Cataraugus  co. 

30  in.  S-  fro"* 

1  CO.  Ohio,  at  the 
Iver,  and  on  the 
Im.NNW.from 

oit,  and  50  SW. 
lin  Lake  Erie. 

loll  ca  Geo.  115 

^hany  CO.  Pa.  ^ 

CO.  II-  on  ^''^ 
torn  St.  Louis,  30 

ier  CO.  Ken. 
kcrdon  co.  N.  J- 
lland  CO.  Ohio,  on 
Icon  creek. 

CO.  Miso.  about 
kt.  Louis. 
\  CO.  Ten.  112  m- 

'nded  by  Virginra 

I  and  Caswell  w. 

t;h  side.    Pop.  "^ 

27.    Chief  town, 

1.  Vt.  38  m.  NNE- 

|;«.l6m.NNE- 
on.    Pop.  729. 


PERU,  t  Clinton  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake  ('ham- 
plain,  140  ni.  N.  from  Allmny.     I'op.  4,!M!t. 

PERU,  V.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  130  m.  N.  from 
Golumbu*. 

PERUVIAN  MOUNTAINS,  in  N.  York, 
W.  of  Lakr  Ch.-implain. 

PF.SQL'EMAN.SE'l',  r.  Rristol  ro.  Mass. 
which  runH  into  tlic  oca,  at  Dartmouth 

I'ETERB()ROU<iII,  t.  Ilillslwrongh  co. 
N.  H.  watered  by  tin-  (  ontoocook,  IH  m.  W. 
from  Amherst,  38  SW.  from  Concord,  (U 
NW.  from  Boston.  Poj).  l,'J84.  TIuh  is  one 
of  the  most  conniderable  manufacturing  touiiR 
in  the  state,  and  contains  an  oil-mill,  a  pniHT- 
mill,  a  woollen  manufactory,  and  five  cotton 
manufactories. 

PETERBOROUGH,  v.  Smithficld,  Madison 
CO.  N.  Y.  29  m.  SNV".  from  Uticu.  Lon.  75° 
38*  W.;  lat  42'  57'  N.  It  is  ploanantly  situat- 
»'d  on  Oneida  criok,  and  on  the  turn|)ikc,  and 
contains  a  printinp-ofVicc,  nn  arsenal,  and 
conAidcrahle  inanufuctun  h  and  trade. 

PETER.'^HURti,  V.  LaJicaster  co.  Pa.  47  m. 
from  Ilarrisbnrp. 

PETERSBURG,  v.  8  m.  SE.  from  Gettys- 
burg, Adams  co.  Pa. 

PETERSBURG,  v.  Perry  co.  Pa.  on  the 
right  bank  of  Suaquehonnah  river,  15  ni.  above 
HarriHburp. 

PETERSBURG,  t  Renswlacr  co.  N.  Y.  18 
in.  E.  from  Troy.     Pop.  2,011. 

PETERSBURG,  v.  Adams  co.  Pa.  25  m, 
SW.  from  York. 

PETERSBURG,  L  Cumberland  co.  Pa.  on 
W.  side  of  tlie  Susquehannah,  15  ni.  above 
Harrisburg. 

PETERSBURG,  port  of  entry,  Dinwiddic 
CO.  Va.  on  S.  Iwnk  of  tlie  Appomatox,  just  be 


a  niimlN'r  of  factories  and  i(>rgei.  Here  arr 
also  considerable  manufactories  of  straw  hata 
and  bomii'tM.     I'op.  I,6!)5. 

PETERSTOWN,  v.  Monro.-  co.  V«. 

PETEHSVIfJ.E,  V.  Fred.rick  co.  Md. 

PEYTONSBDRti,  v.  Pittiiylvonia  co.  Va. 
18  m.  NW.  from  South  Ikwton. 

PHARSALIA,  t.  Clieiianto  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
1)87. 

PHFl.PS,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  E.  from 
Canaiuluigna.     Pop.  4,7!)8. 

PHILADELPHIA,  Nnn,  t.  and  cap.  Tua- 
carawas  ro.  Ohio,  50  m.  NE.  t'roin  Zancsville, 
311  from  W.  It  is  Hituatcd  on  the  east  branch 
of  the  Muskingum,  on  a  large  and  handsome 
plain,  and  cuntnhis  the  county  buildings.  Pop. 
410. 

PHILADELPHIA,  v.  .lefferson  co.  N.Y. 
173  m.  NW.  from  Allmny. 

PHILADELPHIA,  v.  on  Uic  norUiern  bor- 
dor  of  Monroe  co.  Ten.  and  on  Sweet-water 
crock,  about  35  m.  SW.  from  Knoxvillc. 

PHILADEI.PHIA,  co.  Pa.  bounded  N.  bv 
Bucks  CO.  E.  and  SE.  by  Delaware  river,  SW. 
by  Delaware  co.  and  W.  by  Montgomery  ca 
Its  greatest  Icngtli  from  NE.  to  SW.  is  18  ni. 
average  width  7  in.  area  about  120  sq.  ms.  The 
|io|iulation  of  this  county,  exclusive  of  the 
city  (pro|)er)of  Philadelphia,  but  including  thu 
Northern  Liberties,  Kensington,  Spring  Gar- 
den, and  Southwark,  is  10H,.'J09. 

PHILADELPHIA,  city,  iwrt  of  entry,  and 
the  second  city  in  the  Union,  is  situated  in  the 
SE.  corner  of  Pennsylvoniu,  in  a  county  of  llio 
same  name.  It  cKJcupies  the  narrowest  jiart 
of  tli(!  isthmus  Inlween  tlie  rivers  Delaware 
and  Sclmylkill,  almut  5  m.  aboNc  their  conflu- 
ence, and  aI)out  100  m.  from  tlie  sea.  It  is  300 


low  tlic  Falls,  12  m.  above  ite  junction  with  the]  m.  SW.  of  Boston,  90  SW.  of  New  York,  137 
James  river,  at  City  Point,  25  m.  S.  by  E.iNE.  of  Washington,  and  100  NE.  of  Balti- 
from  Richmond.  It  contains  an  academy,  2  niorc.  Jjon.  75''  10'  W.;  lat  39=  57'  N.  Pop. 
banks,  a  Masonic  Hall,  and  several  houses  of  i  of  the  city  and  liberties,  in  1802,  62,000  ;  in 
public  worship.  It  has  consid.rable  commerce  1810,   92,247;    in    1820,   108,116;    in    1830, 


in  tobacco  and  tlour,  owns  considerable  Hhi|)- 
ping,  and  is  one  of  the  handsomest  and  most 
floifrishing  towns  in  the  state.  Its  situation 
at  tlie  head  of  navigation,  and  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  Falls,  is  highly  advantageous,  as  the 
water-power  afforded  by  the  Falls  is  turned  to 
good  account  in  several  extensiv*-  and  valuable 
mills.  The  river  is  navigable  to  this  |(lacc  for 
vessels  of  100  tons.  The  town  contains  8,322 
inhabitants. 

PETERSBURG,  t  Columbiana  co.Ohio,  14 
m.  ENE.  from  New  Lisbon. 

PETERSBURG,  t.  Woodford  ca  Ken.  on 
the  river  Kentucky,  15  m.  SSE.  from  Frankfort. 

PETERSBURG,  t  Elbert  co.  Geo.  on  the 
Savannah,  53  m.  above  Augusta.  It  is  a 
pleasant  and  flourishing  town. 

PETERSBURG,  v.  Boone  co.  Ken. 

PETERSBURG,  v.  Pike  co.  In.  156  m. 
SSE.  from  Indianapolis. 

PETERSHAM,  t  Worcester  ca  Mass.  30 
m.  NW.  from  Worcester,  30  ENE.  from  North- 
ampton, 67  W.  by  N.  from  Boston.  It  has  a 
pleasant  and  elevated  situation,  and  is  one  of 
the  best  agricultural  towns  in  the  state.  It  is 
weU  watered  by  WTcral  streams  which  supply 


161,437.  There  is  a  suthcient  depth  of  water 
in  the  Schuylkill  to  admit  large  merchant  ves- 
sels  up  to  the  wharves  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
city,  and  shi|)s  of  any  size  can  ascend  to  it  by 
the  IX'lawarc.  It  is  tlic  most  regularly  built 
city  in  ttic  United  States.  Its  principal  streeta 
are  100  feet  wide,  and  the  others  not  less  than 
50.  They  are  perfectly  straight,  ond  intersect 
each  otlicr  at  right  angles.  Many  of  them  are 
beautifully  shaded,  all  are  well  paved,  ond  kept 
remarkably  clean.  The  houses  ore  of  brick, 
and  generally  of  three  stories.  It  is  un- 
questionably among  the  most  manufacturing 
cities,  all  tilings  taken  into  view,  in  the  United 
States.  Among  all  the  extensive  branches  for 
which  it  is  famous,  paper,  printing,  and  pub- 
lishing are  important  items.  A  great  number 
of  gazettes,  periodicals,  and  monthlies  are  is- 
sued ;  and  one  quarterly  critical,  and  another 
quarterly  medical  journal.  This  city  vies  with 
lioston  in  the  number  and  eitent  of  its  school 
and  classical  Ixuks.  It  has  a  reputation  also  for 
the  extent  and  excellence  of  its  breweries.  Iti 
literary,  philosophical,  and  humane  institutions 
are  worthy  of  all  praise.  The  Philadelphia 
Library  owes  its  origin  to  the  illuatrioua  Frank- 


3V4 


PHI— i»in 


t  \Ayu 


PHILADKM'HIA,  AND  ITS  KNVIRON8. 


lin.  It  eontainn  a  mnRenm,  a  pliilo80))liicaI 
apparatus,  the  Fhiladi-lphiu  I/ibriiry,  and  the 
Log^onian  Library,  amounting  in  all  to  42,(J(lO 
volumes.  Tlic  American  rhilosophicnl  Socitty, 
the  Philadelphia  Society  for  Promoting  Agri- 
culture, the  AthcniEum,  and  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences,  are  all  imiiorlanl  institutionH, 
and  have  librnrics  and  collections.  'I'lie 
Friends'  Library  contains  a  resiKjetuhle  collec- 
tion, and  tJie  Friends'  ('onnnon  School  InHti- 
tution  is  an  important  and  elHcient  one.  'J'liore 
are  amonff  the  literary  "nstitutions  great  nnm- 
bers  of  Lancasterian,  Sunday,  and  infant 
schools.  Among  the  humane  institutions  is 
one  for  the  deaf  and  dumb.  t)ne  oitlie  noblest 
establishments  in  this  or  any  other  slate  is  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital.     It  extends  a  front  of 


27.'J  feet,  and  has  a  large  building  connerted 
with  it,  snllicient  to  contain  .'iO  or  60  jintieuts. 
Ap|)ended  to  it  is  a  lieiiutitiil  garden.  Tlirre 
arc  ndniiruble  arrungenients  for  every  tliiiiu 
api>ertaining  to  the  con)!brt  and  resforiilirm  of 
the  (liseaKed,  1m)IIi  in  Iwdy  imd  mind.  West's 
splendid  [lictiire  of  Christ  Ht  aling  the  Sick  is 
|»ro|)erly  kept  in  this  institution,  and  (i.r  a 
trilling  gratuity  fliown  to  strangers.  There 
are  ovct  40  public  buildings  and  H.)  hous«'8  of 
public  worship.  'I'he  nanu's,  uses,  and  dinien- 
sions  of  some  of  the  public  buildings  follow. — 
TIk!  First  Presbyterian  C'hurch  is  a  noble 
building,  as  are  the  lOpiscopal  churches  in 
lOijrhth  and  Tenth  streets.  The  new  Roman 
(Catholic  Church  of  St.  .John's,  in  Thirteenth 
street,  is  considered  an  admirable  specimen  of 


T.XlTnn  i?TATKS  BANK,  I'HII.AnKt.lMII A. 


the  Gothic  style,  and  its  interior  is  splendidly 
decorated  with  stained  glass.  Sec.  The  Market 
is  a  low  range  of  buildings  in  the  middle  of 
Market  street,  extending  from  the  Delaware  to 
Eighth  street  The  Bank  of  tlic  United  States 


in  Chcsnut  street,  is  considered  the  most  fin- 
ished sjtceiinen  of  pure  Grecian  orchitccturc 
in  the  Union.  It  is  of  v.hitc  marble,  with 
Doric  roUnnns  in  front.  The  Bank  of  Penn- 
sylvaniu  fronts  two  streets  with  Ionic  columns, 


PHI-PHI 


378 


fe. 


ig  conncctpd 
r  60  imtionts. 
rdcn.    Tlirrc 
r  every  tliiiie 
roHtoruli"!!  of 
liiul.     W'ft''' 
\\fr  the  Sick  is 
11,  and    ti'i"  a 
ifrers.     TIhtc 
K")  liouwH  nt" 
1,  niid  diincn- 
injrs  follow. — 
is  a  noble 
churches  in 
new  Itoiiiiin 
I  Thirleenth 
specimen  ol" 


the  most  fin- 
In  orchitccture 

marble,  with 
.Bank  of  Penn- 
I  Ionic  columns, 


Bnd  M  of  white  mnrhle.  Tlic  Stntii  Ilmim;  in 
a  lar|(c  brick  biiildiii|r  in  CheHniit  Htrcet.  <>i- 
rard's  Bank  is  a  h«>oiitiful  niiirhii^  bnildin^r 
with  Corinthian  cohiinns.  The  Arendi;  is  an 
imimsinK  structure,  leiidingr  fVoiii  ClicHtiut  to 
Car|M;nlrr  street.  It  iH  fitted  up  with  sliopH, 
and  in  the  seeond  story  willi  |>in7./.ns,  niid  eon- 
tains  Pealc's  IMiimMiin.  The  Theiitre  in  Ches. 
nut  strwt  lias  ii  marble  front.  'J'lie  MiiHonii; 
Hull,  a  little  further  on,  is  in  the  (•olhic  style. 
The  Aca«k'iny  of  Arts  is  in  ('hesiuit  strft, 
bi^twccn  Tenth  and  Kleventli.  Ainoiijf  the 
stiitues  nre  the  Three  (irnces  of  ("anovu,  and 
a  gallery  of  pictures  prineipully  tiie  works  of 
Aitwricim  artists.  Tlic  Mint  of  the  I'liited 
States  is  in  Philadelphiii,  nnd  the  huildiiit; 
forms  an  im|iortant  addition  to  the  |>uhlic  edi- 
fices: it  fronts  on  ('hcstiut  near  Urond  street, 
and  is  built  entirely  of  white  nmrble.  The 
amount  coined  annually  varies  from  two  nnd 
a  half  to  three  million  dollars.  The  Schuyl- 
kill Wat<'r.\Vorks  are  n  splendid  estublish- 
menf,  and  noted  especially  for  the  rich  and 
varied  pros|M;ct  enjoyed  from  thein.  The  build- 
ing  in  which  the  machinery  is  contained  is  a 
hnndsomc  one,  and  the  mnchinery  is  capable 
of  raisinp  7  million  jjallons  of  water  in  2  J 
hours.  The  wheels  are  driven  by  a  current 
from  a  dam  aliove.  The  reservoirs  are  on  a 
hill,  higher  than  any  part  of  the  city.  The 
pipes  extend  34  or  3.'»  m.  This  frrand  work 
abundantly  repays  the  ins|)cction.  Pratt's 
(lardcn,  in  full  view  of  the  Water- Works,  is  n 
charming  place,  and  well  worthy  to  bt^  visited. 
The  Penitentiary  has  the  asjK-ct  of  a  fortress. 
The  wall  is  of  granite,  40  feet  higli,  nnd  in- 
closes a  square  MO  feet  each  way.  The  N.ivy 
Hospital,  2  m.  SVV.  of  the  centre  of  the  city, 


convicts  are  all  employed  in  varimm  kinds  of 
iiiecbaiiicnl  labor,  tlie  proeeetls  of  which,  when 
thiy  exceed  the  oxjH'nms  of  tl.(  ir  prosecution 
mikI  supinrt  during  their  confinement,  are  di- 
vided, one-half  Iwing  paid  to  the  priMiner  at 
his  discharge,  and  lUv  balance  n  tained  by  the 
state,     'I'he  hiiiiiane  and   rational  system  of 
diseiplinc    established,    and    so    successfully 
maintained  in  this  prison,  has  iM'come  a  mcMJel 
for  thorn;  of  the  other  states.  Though  s<-pnrnted 
by   justicii   from   society,  and   condemned   to 
years  of  toil,  the  prisoners  nre  not  supi)os«'d  to 
have   lost  the  disliiietivi-   attriliiites  of  human 
nature  :  they  are  treatcil  as  rational   beings, 
0|H'rnte<l  on  by  rational  motives,  unil  repay  this 
trentiiient  by  improved  habits  of  industry  and 
suliijiission.     Thi;  public  scpiarcs  of  this  city, 
from  their  fr<'«|uency,  verdure,  and  the  num- 
ber of  |M-ople  promenading  them,  give  it  an 
apiienrnnee  of  rural  lieauty,  which  few  largo 
and  conimercial  cities  poswss.     No  city  in  the 
I'nion  can  show  such  long  ranges  of  unilbrm 
and  magnificent  houses  us  tiiis.     Uniformity, 
neatness,  and  utility  are  its  standing  charac- 
teristics.    Two  men,  whoso  names  will  be  co- 
eval  with  time,  diflering   in  a  thousand    rc- 
s|)ecls  from  each  other,  have  be«'n  enabled  to 
stamp  a  blemled  impress  of  their  own  peculiar 
intellee'iual  ehnracter  uiion  the  usjiect  and  in- 
stitutions of  Philadelphia.     The  one  is  Frank- 
lin, the  simple  nnd  sagacious  cxjiounder  of  the 
doctrine  of  utility;  the  other,  William  Peiin, 
the   ineinorulile    |>atriurch,   tlie    ininiortnl    as- 
serter  of  toleration,  a  doctrine  in  his  time  little 
known,  but  now  as  universally  admitted  end 
landiMl  in  theory,  as  it  is  generally  disregarded 
in   practice.     Another   celebri.ted   individual, 
Ste])lieii  (Jirard,  who  closed  his  lift-  within  the 
has  a  front  of  386  feet,  and  is  3  stories  high.j  present  year,  by  his  great  exertions  and  une.x- 
It  is  built  partly  of  granite  nnd  partly  of  mar- 1  ainpled  success   in   commerce    and  hanking, 
ble.    The  Navy  Yard  is  of  great  extent,  and  j  contributed  largely  during  his  life  to  the  pros- 
fitted    up  with   first-rate    up|)urtcnancoB    for  perity  of  this  city.    Uy  ;- fseverunce  and  good 
building  frigates  nnd  ships  of  the  line.     The  fortune,  he  accumulat    '   ■  o<'scssions  in  real 
Pennsylvania,  building  here,  it  is  said,  will  be  estate  and  money,  to  the  •     ount  of  more  than 
the  largest  ship  in  the  world,  and  is  to  carry  fen  millions  of  dollars ;  and  at  his  death,  ho 


160  guns.  The  new  Alms-Housc,  uiwn  the 
western  bank  of  the  Schuylkill,  is  a  very  ex- 
tensive structure,  having  a  front  ujion  the  river 
of  about  1,000  feet.  The  House  of  Refuge  is 
near  the  city,  upon  the  Ridge  Road,  and  is 
a  substantial  nnd  commodious  edifice.  The 
University  of  Pennsylvania  was  incorporated 
in  1791.  The  number  annually  admitted 
to  degrees  is  usually  about  30.  The  Medical 
Institution  belonging  to  the  University  has  H 
professors,  and  has  the  reputation  of  being  the 
first  institution  of  the  kind  in  the  Union.  It 
has  about  500  students  from  various  parts  of 
the  U.  States.  Its  buildings  are  two  large  and 
elegant  edifices  in  Ninth  street,  between  Chcs- 
nut  and  Market  The  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege, situated  in  Tenth  street,  is  another  insli- 
tution  of  this  kind :  it  has,  at  jircsent,  a  smaller 
number  of  students.  The  Philadelphia  Prison  is 
a  more  interesting  object  to  humanity  than  the 
most  gorgeous  palaces.  It  presents  the  practi- 
cal application  of  principles  which  worldly 
men  nave  derided,  and  philosophy  has  upheld 
without  daring  to  hope  for  tltcir  adoption.  The 


bc^qucallicd  more  Uian  three-fourths  of  this  iin. 
nicnse  sum  to  the  corjioration  of  Philadelphia, 
and  to  various  charitable  and  benevolent  insti- 
tutions  in  the  city.  By  his  will,  two  million 
dollars  arc  to  be  appropriated  to  the  building 
and  endowment  of  a  college  for  the  gratuitous 
supiwrt  and  education  of  or[ihans.  This  col- 
lege is  to  be  110  by  160  feet,  3  stories  high, 
and  sufficiently  spacious  to  accommodate  300 
scholars.  It  is  to  be  built  entirely  of  white 
marble,,  and,  togetlier  with  the  Exchange 
(which  is  now  in  a  course  of  erection,  and  to 
be  formed  of  the  same  material)  will  add  to 
the  noble  edifices  which  adorn  and  beautify 
the  city  of  Philadelphia. 

PHILANTHROPY, V.  Butler  co.Ohio,  122 
m.  SW.  from  Columbus. 

PHILLIPS,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  40  m.  NW. 
from  Norridgewock.     Pop.  954. 

PHILLIP'S  POINT,  cape  in  Lynn,  Mass. 
Lon.  70°  54'  W.;  lat.  42''  30'  N. 

PHlLIilP'S  RIVER,  r.  N.  H.  which  unites 
with  the  Upper  Amoonoosuc,  in  Piercy. 

PHILIPS,  CO.  of  Ark.  lying  along  tlic  Mis- 


874 


PHI— I'lQ 


■biippi  and  St.  FranciN  riviTM.    (liiufUiwn, 
St.  Ilelrnn,  on  the  iVliMi»Mi|>pt.     l'o|i.  \,\!t'4. 

PillJ.MI'SmiRtJ,  V.  Jemrmm  cikOliio,  7U 
111.  below  SteiilN'nville,  uiid  on  the  ( thin  river. 
FHILI.II'SnUHt;,  V.  Oranjrc.  co.  N.  Y. 
FlIILI.II'.SIiURCi,  t  Centre  co.  I'n.  iibout 
21  III.  W.  from  IfelletbiiU'. 

PHILLIl».SUUR(;,  V.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  on 
the  Delawuro,  opposite  Eaoton,  41  iii.  above 
Trenton. 

IMIILLII'SnURG,  t.  Lincoln  co.   Me.  on 
the  Kenncbcck,  17  in.  SW.  from  Wiscusaet. 
Pop.  l,.')ll. 
PHILLIPSTON,  V.  Worcester  co.  Mobh. 
PHILLIPSTOWN,  t  Putnam  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Hudson,  opposite  West  Point 
Pop.  4,81  f). 
PHILLirSVlLLE,  v.  Fcliciuna  co.  Lou. 
PL\NKA'rANIv,  r.  Va.  whicli  ruim  into  the 
Chesapeake.    iMn.  76^  2.7  W.;  lot.  ;J7^  32'  N. 
PICKAWAY,  CO.  Ohio,  boundid  by  Rokh 
S.  Fayette  W.   Madison  NW.  Delaware  N. 
Fairfield  E.  and  Ilockinjcr  SE.    I^Mi^fth  22, 
widUi  21  m.     Pop.  in  1820,  13,14!);  in  1830, 
15,!)33.    Chief  town,  Circlevillc. 

PICKAWAY,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio,  3  m. 
from  Circlevillc.     Pop.  1,766. 

PICKENSVILLE,  t.  Pendleton  co.  S.C.  on 
the  Saluda,  15  m.  SE.  from  Greenville,  110  m. 
WNW.  from  Columbia.  It  contains  but  a  flw 
houses. 

PICKERING,  t.  of  York  co.  U.C.  on  Lake 
Ontario,  E.  from  York. 

PIERCE'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  Piscata- 
flua  harbor  N.  II. 

PIERCY,  t  Coos  CO.  N.  II.  9  NE.  from 
Lancaster.    Pop.  236. 

PIERMONT,  t  Grafton  co.  N.  11.  on  the 
Connecticut,  opposite  Bradford,  5  m.  S.  from 
HaverhiU.    Pop.  1,043. 

PIERPONT,  t  St  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 
Pop.  749. 
PIG  POINT,  V.  Ann-Arundcl  co.  Md. 
PIGEON  RIVER,  r.  Ten.  which  runs  into 
the  French  Broad  river.    Little  Pigeon  joins 
the  same  river  9  m.  lielow,  in  JeiTcrson  co. 

PIGWACKET,  or  Pccjuocket,  the  Indian 
name  of  a  tract  of  country  on  the  borders  of 
N.  H.  and  Maine,  including  Ck)nway,  Fryc- 
bufff,  and  the  adjacent  towns. 

PIKE,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.    Pop.  2,016. 
PIKE,  ca  in  the  NE.  part  of  Pa.  on  the 
Delaware  river.    Length  40,  breadth  about  25 
m.     Pop.  4,843.    Chief  town,  Milford. 
PIKE,  V.  Bradford  co.  Pa. 
PIKE,  CO.  Ohio,  bounded  S.  by  Scioto,  SW. 
by  Adams,  W.  by  Highland,  N.  by  Ross,  and 
E.  by  Hocking  and  Jackson.    Length  32, 
breadth  15  m.    Chief  town,  Pikcton.    Pop.  in 
1820,4,253;  in  1830,  6,024. 

PIKE,  CO.  of  In.  bounded  by  Warwick  S. 
Gibson  W.  White  river  or  Knox  and  Davics 
N.  and  Dubois  E.  Length  24,  breadth  17  in. 
Patoka,  branch  of  Wabash,  passes  through  the 
middle  of  this  co.  Pop.  in  1820,  1,472;  in 
1830,  2,464.  Chief  town,  Petersburg. 
PIKE,  t  Knox  CO.  Ohio.  Pop.  996. 
PIKE,  t  Perry  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,119. 


PIKE,  nnu  of  the  extreme  eastern  oni.  of 
Km.  bouiuJi'd  by  llurlnnd  and  Perry  8W.  by 
Perry  W.  by  Hoyd  N.  mid  by  ('umbfriund 
iiiountuiii  or  RunwII  and  Tuzewill  cos.  Va.  SK. 
Length  .'tO,  and  nx-uii  width  15  in.  Pop.  2,677. 
("hidf  town,  Pikeville. 

PIKE,  CO.  Mino.  imundcd  by  Lincoln  and 
Montgomery  S.  by  Riillri  W.  and  N  W.  and  by 
MiHHiHHii)pi  river  E.  This  co.  would  averngi 
nUxit  2(1  Ml.  H(|uare,  or  400  sq.  in.  Pop.  in 
lH:i(),  'J,747,  but  including  then  a  large  Hpuce 
N.  of  MiHWMiri  river,  uow  included  in  other 
cos. ;  in  1830,  6,122.  C'hiof  town.  Bowling 
(ireen. 

PIKE,  CO.  Miss,  bounded  by  Lou.  S.  Amite 
W.  Lawrence  N.  and  Marion  E.  LcngtJi  27, 
width  30  ni.  Po|i.  in  18'i0,  4,4:18 ;  in  lb3(l, 
5,402.  Chief  town,  llolmesville. 
PrKi;t  Wayne  CO.  Ohio. 
PIKE,  t,  in  Uio  southern  part  of  Stark  co. 
Ohio.     Pop.  1,273. 

PIKE,  NW.  t  of  Clarke  co.  Ohio.    Poa 
1,1  LI. 
P1KE,C.H.  Pike  ca  Ken. 
PIKE,  r.  Lou.  wliicli  runs  into  the  Missis- 
8ipj)i,  70  m.  below  Sable  Lake. 

PIKETON,  t  and  seat  of  justice,  Pike  co. 
Oliio,  19  in.  S.  from  Chillicothe. 

PIKEVILLE,  V.  and  seat  of  justice.  Bled- 
soc  CO.  Ten.  on  Sequachec  river,  80  m.  a  little  S. 
of  E.  froni  Murfrcesborough,  and  (H)8  from  W. 
PIKEVILLE,  V.  and  seat  of  justice,  Marion 
CO.  Al.  alxnit  70  m.  NW.  from  I'uscalooKa. 
PIKESVILLE,  v.  Baltimore  co.  Md. 
P I L  ES( ;  ROVE,  t  Salem  co.  N.  J.  Pop.  2, 1  CO. 
PINCKNEY,  V.  Montgomery  co.  Miso.  on 
the  Missouri  river,  about  60  in.  W.  from  !St 
Louis. 
PINCKNEY,  t.  Lewis  co.  N.  Y.  Poi..  783. 
PLVCKNEYVILLE,  I.  Union  district,  .S.  c:. 
on  Broad  river,  75  in.  NNW.  from  Coluinhia. 
It  contains  but  a  few  houses. 

PINCKNEYVILLE,  t  Wilkinson  co.  Miss. 
5  m.  E.  of  tlic  Mississippi,  and  about  16  mi. 
SE.  from  Fort  Adams.  It  is  situated  in  a  very 
pleasant  and  fertile  country. 

PINE  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  which  runs  S.  into 
the  W.  branch  of  tlie  Susquehannali,  2  or  '.\ 
in.  W.  of  .Jersey  shore. 

PINE  GROVE,  V.  Schuylkill  co.  Pa.  8  ni. 
from  Womelsdorf. 
PINE  GROVE  MILLS,  v.  Centre  co.  Pa. 
PINE  HILL,  V.  York  district,  S.C. 
PINE  RIVER,  r.  N.  II.  wliich  flows  into 
Ossipec  Lake. 

PINE  RIVER,  r.  In.  which  runs  into  tlic 
Wabash. 

PINEVILLE,  V.  Charleston  district,  S.  C. 
about  40  miles  from  Charleston.    Here  is  on 
academy. 
PINEY  GROVE,  v.  Southampton  ea  Va. 
PIPEMAKER'S  CREEK,  r,  Geo.  which 
runs  into  the  Savannah. 

PIQUA,  or  Piquatown,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  Great  Miami,  130  in.  from  its  mouth,  8 
m.  N.  from  Troy,  30  S.  from  Wapaghkanctta, 
67  WNW.  from  Cqlumbus,  and  125  S.  from 
Fort  Mciirg.    It  is  delightfully  situated,  and  is 


PIKE,  NW.  t  Madison  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  33d.  I  a  flourisliing  town.    Pop.  488. 


The 

hand 

of  pi 

purp( 

black 

«ir,i 

and 


PISJ— PIT 


87S 


o  the  MiBsiii. 


PI9CA8ICK,  r.  N.  II.  which  joiiw  the  I.niti. 
proy,  in  Durham. 

PIHCATAQl'A,  r.  N.  II.  which  men  in 
Waiteficid,  iicpnrutoii  N.  FF.  from  Maiiir,  niid 
|>ur*uini;  a  .SSK.  conmo  of  nlMMit  10  in.  (lows 
into  lh(;  Atlaiitin,  Ih-Iow  F'orlHinoiith.  From 
it«  8ourc«<  to  Fkrwick  lower  fulls,  it  in  ciilltd 
Salmon  F'all  rivrr ;  tlicncc  to  th<"  junction  of 
the  t'hochcco,  it  takcH  the  name  of  Ncwirlia- 
wnnnoi-k,  and  ntlrrwnrdii  tliiit  of  F'inc(itn<|un. 
'I'hio  river  utVordu  a  hI(m)|i  navijration  to  the 
towns  of  Dover,  Ncwniurket,  Durham,  and 
F*I.xetL'r.  PiRcataqua  Horlwr,  formed  by  the 
mouth,  in  one  of  the  fincut  on  the  continent. 

FIS(;ATAQI!IS,  r.  Mc.  which  runs  K.  info 
the  PcnohRcot,  25  m.  Iielow  flic  junction  of  the 
Mctawanikeak.     Lrnfrtli  10(1  ni. 

PIK^ATAQUlXi,  r.  N.  II.  which  risen  in 
Dcerfiuld  and  Francestown,  and  nms  FSK, 
into  the  Merrimnck,  in  NK.  corner  of  Fk-dford. 

PIS(;ATAWAY,  t.  Middlencx  co.  N.  J.  on 


tlic  Raritttii,  ^  m.  NE.  (Vom  Nfw  Rrnnirwiclr, 
14  S\V.  tVom  Fli/alxtlitnwn.     I'op-  2.6M. 

rF.S<A'F'A\VAY,  t.  I'rinrc  (Jeorfri.  «•*>•  Md. 
on  the  riitenlawny,  16  ni.  N.  tVom  Port  To. 
Iineeo. 

IMSCATAWAV,  r.  Md.  which  run*  into 
tlie  FVilomne,  H  m.  Im'Iow  Alexandria. 

F'l'lt  IF  F,ANF)FN(;,  V.  IFcrttordco.  N.C. 

FMTT,  CO.  N.C.     Pop.  12iI71.    (JrcenviUo 
'  JH  the  chief  town. 

I      F'F'F-F',  (V//X,  eniH-  on  NW.  cooRt  of  Amw- 
|ica,  in  FHxoii'h  Kntruncc.    Lon.  132^  10'  W. ; 
lat.  r,l'  r^Y  N. 

FMT'I',  Ciipf,  cape  on  the  8.  coaiit  of  New 
(i.oririn.     I.on.  F.'.H^  2!»'  K.;  lat.  H-J  55'  S. 

F'F'I'F'SFM  )Fi(  )I  !<;  FF,  f.  and  cap.  (  hathain  co. 
N.  C.  :J0  m.  S\V.  from  Fialcijrl,,  54  NNW.  from 
Fayetteville,  nnd  3V.)  from  W.  It  iH  Rituatcd 
on  an  eminence*,  in  a  very  fertile  and  well  cuU 
tivated  country,  and  contains  a  court-houae,  • 
jail,  iuhI  an  academy.  ^ 


PITTSBURG,  AND  ITS  ENVIRONS. 


PITTSBURG,  city,  and  cap.  Alleehany  co. 
Pa.  230  m.  WNW.  from  BalUmore,  297  W.  by 
N.  from  Philadol[)hia,  335  from  Lexington, 
Ken.  1,100  from  New  Orleans  by  land  and 
2,000  by  water,  and  223  from  W.  Lat.  40° 
40'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  W.  It  is  situated  on  a  beau- 
tiful plain,  on  a  broad  point  of  land,  where  the 
confluence  of  the  Alleghany  and  Monongahela 
forms  tlie  Ohio.  The  suburbs  of  Pittsburg  arc 
Allcghanytown,  Northern  Liberties,  Birming- 
ham on  the  south  bank  of  the  Monongaliela, 
Lawrenceville-East  Liberty,  and  remainder  of 
Pitt  township.  Population  of  the  city  proper 
12,540,  and  of  the  suburbs  9,983.  Total,  22,433. 
The  town  is  compactly,  and  in  some  streets 
handsomely  built ;  although  the  universal  use 
of  pit  coal  ibr  culinary  and  manufkctin-ing 
purposes  has  carried  such  quantities  of  fine 
black  matter,  driven  off  in  the  smoke  into  the 
■ir,  and  deposited  it  on  the  walls  of  the  houses, 
ud  every  thing,  that  can  be  blackened  with 


coal  smoke,  as  to  have  given  the  town  a  gloomy 
a8|)ect  Its  position  and  advantages,  as  a  man- 
ufacturing town,  and  its  acknowledged  health- 
fulness,  will  continue,  however,  to  render  it  a 
place  of  attraction  for  builders,  manufacturers, 
and  capitalists.  At  the  present  time  tlie  fol- 
lowing articles  are  manufactured  on  a  great 
scale :  iron-mongcry  of  every  description,  steam 
engines,  and  enginery,  and  iron  work  in  gen- 
eral ;  cutlery  of  all  descriptions ;  glass  and  pa- 
lter, cotton,  and  woollens,  pottery,  chemicals, 
tin,  and  copper  ware  are  manufactured,  and 
exported  to  a  great  extent  Boat  and  steam- 
boat building  have  been  pursued  here  on  a 
greater  scale,  than  in  i^iy  other  town  in  the 
western  country.  So  long  ago  as  1814,  4,055 
wagons  of  four  and  six  horses,  employed  as 
transport  wagons,  passed  between  this  place 
and  Philadelphia.  Boats  of  Uie  smaller  kinds 
are  continually  departing  down  the  river  at  all 
seasons,  when  the  waters  will  admit  In  mod- 


370 


IMT-PLA 


orato  itaifoti  of  the  river,  i^rrat  nuinbere  of 
atciitn-boatM  arrive,  nml  (l(!|mrt.  Larj^o  cnn- 
tructs  arc  continually  ordered  Ooin  nil  the 
town*  on  Uio  water*  of  tliu  Oliio  and  MittHiM. 
»i|i|)i,  for  niueliinery,  ntiuun-lKNit  eiiHtin^:*,  nnd 
thu  voriotiM  innnuliiotiircH  it  iirtxIiteeM.  It  Im 
iiii|)|)lied  with  water  by  a  hitjh-preHNuro  Hli'iin- 
engine  of  Hi  hornc  power,  whieii  riiiwn  I'le 
watiT  llOtlrt  iiIkjvo  the  Allrjjhiiny  riv«!r.  A 
million  nnd  it  liiiU'iriillonN  of  water  cnn  Imj  rniH- 
(id  in  U I  liouru.  'riiciio  works  went  into  o|m'. 
ration  in  1H2H.  The  churches  in  tliiH  city  arc 
a  linptiiit,  Uoiiinn  (.'uthoiie,  Covenant) tm',  Se. 
ccderH*,  a  MetliodiHt  church,  (■eniinn  f^uthcnin 
church,  Union  uliurch,  KpiHcopal  church,  tlrNt 
aiul  oecoiid  I'rcHhyterinn  churchcH,  I'nitnriiin 
church,  Hccond  Methodixt  church,  nnd  un  Af- 
rican cliurch,  inakinff  u  totnl  of  13.  The  other 
public  buildinfra  nre  the  Wp«tern  (IniverKity 
of  Fonnnylvunio,  PittHhur^;  Hit^h  Scluifil,  PittH. 
bur|ir  Kxchnn|rn,  MuiiHion  Houm*,  and  Hotel, 
Lnnihdin'B  MumMiin,  tlic  U.S.  ISunk,  and  the 
PittHhurjjr  Bank.  There  arc  11  larffo  cHtablish- 
inonts  of  iron  foundcricB,  in  which  were  man- 
ufactured frotn  pi^B,  in  IH.'IO,  .'i,;i3:»  ton*.  There 
are  six  rolling;  inillH  and  iron  workn  with  nail 
fiictoricH  attnclied,  in  which  were  manufactur- 
ed in  the  miinc  year  T,!).^  tons  of  pips  into 
blooms,  and  !2,8(),'i  tons  into  nails.  Tlierc  are 
four  largo  cotton  fiictoriew,  in  the  largest  of 
which  arc  10,000  8i>indles,  spinning  1,100 
pounds  of  yarn  weekly.  There  are  two  large 
establishineiits  of  glass  works,  nnd  270  otiier 
largo  manufacturing  CHtiiblishnients  of  a  mis- 
cclluncouB  chanictcr.  This  city  lias  inimcnuc 
advantagi's  of  artificial  as  well  as  natural  wa'er 
communications.  Tlie  great  Pennsylvania  ca- 
nal, over  500  miles  in  length,  terminates  here. 
Another  canal  is  laid  out  to  connect  it  with 
Lake  Erie  tiirough  Mcadvillc;  and  still  a  third 
is  proposed  to  the  mouth  of  Mahoning,  where 
it  will  connect  with  a  branch  of  the  Oliio  and 
Eric  canil  from  its  summit  head. 

PHTSFIKLD,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt  40  m. 
NW.  fronj  Windsor.     Pop.  505. 

PITTSFIELD,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  6  m. 
N.  from  Lenox,  .10  ESE.  from  Albany,  40  W. 
from  Northampton,  and  136  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  3,570.  It  is  watered  by  the  Housatonnuc, 
is  a  pleasant  and  flourishing  town,  and  a  place 
of  considerable  trade  and  manufactures.  It 
contains  3  houses  of  public  worship,  2  for  Con- 
grcgationalists  and  1  for  Methodists,  a  bank,  a 
town-house,  an  excellent  female  academy,  a 
printing-office  from  which  is  issued  a  weekly 
newspaper,  several  woollen  manufactories,  a 
marble  manufactory,  a  manufactory  of  small- 
arms,  and  a  drum  manufactory.  Large  num- 
bers of  chaises,  coaches,  and  wagons  are  made 
here.  Good  marble  is  found  here.  The  U.  S. 
have  barracks  hero  sufficient  to  accommodate 
3,000  men,  and  a  hospital.  Pittsficld  is  situ 
ated  in  a  very  fertile  tract  of  country,  and  is 
one  of  the  best  agricultural  towns  in  the  state. 

PITTSFIELD,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  15  m. 
WSW.  from  Cooperstown.    Pop.  1,005. 

PITTSFIELD,  V.  Somerset  co.  Me.  98  m 
N.  iVom  Portland. 

PITTSFORD,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  on  the  Ot- 


ter Creek,  34  m.  NW.  (Vrmi  Windwnr.    Pop. 
'2,IH)'k     Here  in  n  vnlunble  (|uarry  of  marble. 

prrrs<;»()VK,  t.  suiem  co.  n.  j.  ae  m.  s. 

from  I'hilaili  Iphia. 

ri'l'TSTON,  t.  Krnncberk  co.  Me.  on  E. 
Hide  olthe  Konnel>eek,  op|K)Hite  (iurdiner,  7  m. 
S.  from  Au^'usta,  and  1()0  NNE.  tVom  Boston. 
Poi>.  I, HOI. 

ITI'I'STON,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.J.5«  m. 
NiNK.  from  Philadelphia. 

PI  rrSTON,  t.  Lu/crne  co.  Pa. 
PriTSTOWN,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  NE. 
from  Lansinghurg.     Pop.  3,702. 

PIT'I'SYLVANIA,  C.  II.  Pittsylvania  co. 
Va.  on  Bannister  river,  17ti  m.  SW.  from 
Riehmond. 

Pri'T.^YLVANIA,  CO.  Va.  bounded  by  N. 
Carolitia.'^.  Henry  and  Franklin  coh.  W.  Roan- 
oke river,  or  Bcdlord  andCampltell  N.  and  Hal- 
ifax E.  Length  'M  m.  mean  width  28.  Pop, 
in  1H20,  21,313 ;  in  1830,  26,023.  Chief  town, 
Danville. 

PLACRNTI A,  spacious  bay  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Newfoundland. 

PLAIN,  t.  Wayne  co.  Ohio,  W.  from  Woo*. 
ter.     Pop.  1,2»;3. 

PLAIN,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  842. 

PLAINFIELO,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  wa- 
tered by  the  Onion  river,  9  m.  E.  from  Mont- 
pelier.     Pop.  H7  i 

PLAINFIELD,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.II.on  the 
('(mnccticut,  11  m.  8.  from  Dartmouth  C^lle(;r, 
11  N.  from  Claremont,  55  NW.  from  Concord. 
Pop.  1,581.  Union  Academy,  a  well  endowed 
seminary,  is  in  this  town.  It  has  a  principal, 
an  assistjuit,  and  alraut  100  studentii.  There 
are  fills  in  the  ('onnecticut  at  this  place. 

PLAINFIELD,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  21 
m.  NW.  from  Northampton,  and  110  W.  from 
Boston.     Pop.  1)83. 

PLAINFIELD,  t.  Windham  co.  Ct  on  E. 
side  of  the  Quinebaug,  4  ni.  E.  from  Canter- 
bury, and  15  NE.  fronj  Norwich.  Pop.  2,289. 
This  is  a  pleasant  and  valuable  town,  and  con- 
tains a  resiH'ctahle  academy. 

PLAINFIELD,  L  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  15  ra. 
NW.  from  Cooperstown,  81  W.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  1,G26. 

PLAINFIELD,  t.  Essex  co.  N.J. 

PLAINFIELD,  v.  Coshocton  co.  Ohio,  76 
m.  NE.  from  Columbus. 

PLAISTOW,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.H.  12 
m.  W.  from  Newburyport,  and  28  SW.  from 
Portsmouth. 

PLANE,  L  Stark  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,469. 

PLAQUEMINE,  outfct  of  the  Mississippi* 
117  m.  above  New  Orleans,  36  above  the  efflux 
of  Lafourche,  and  96  below  thatof  Atchafalaya. 

PLAQUEMINE  BEND,  remarkable  bend 
of  the  Mississippi,  70  m.  below  New  Orleans. 

PLAQUEMINES,  parish.  La.  on  both  sides 
of  tlie  Mississippi,  near  its  mouth.  Pop.  4,489. 

PLAQUEMINES,,  fort.  La.  on  the  Misms- 
sippi,  43  m.  below  New  Orleans.  A  small  gar< 
rison  is  kept  here  for  the  purpose  of  examin- 
ing all  vessels  that  pass. 

PLATTE,  La,  r.  Vt.  which  runs  into  Lake 
Champlain,  at  Shelbume. 

PLATTE,  La,  r.  La.  which  rises  in  the 


PI.A— PLY 


87t 


in&rblc. 

.asm.s. 

Av.  on  E. 

lintr,  7  in. 
111!  UoBton. 

^.J.58in. 


N.Y.NE. 

ylvnnio  co. 
SVV.  from 

m<led  by  N. 
m.  W.  Roun. 

N.andllol- 
th  2H.    Pop. 

Chief  town, 

t  the  E.  coaiit 

.  firomWoos- 

Pop.  842. 
in  CO.  Vt.  wa- 
i.  from  Mont- 

).N.H.onthc 

iioulh  Cx»llt(;p, 

from  Concord. 

well  endowed 

OH  a  principal, 

Idcnts.    There 

lis  place. 

c  CO.  IVlasa.  21 

110  W.  from 

CO.  Ct  on  E. 
.  from  Canter- 
,  Pop.  2^289. 
own,  and  con- 

N.Y.  15  m. 
from  Albany. 

Jn.j. 

In  CO.  Ohio,  76 

CO.  N.H.12 
28  SW.  from 

J  Pop.  1,469. 
Ihe  Mississippi* 
Ibovo  the  efflux 
tfAtchafalaya. 
Imarkable  bend 
INew  Orleans. 

on  both  side* 

Ith.  Pop.  4,489. 

\  on  the  Missis- 

A  small  gar- 

!  of  examin- 

Iruns  into  Lake 

th  rises  in  the 


Rooky  MotmtainH,  and  nHcr  nn  R.  coumc  of 
alN>ut  t,(ll)()  in.  joinn  tiiu  Minsuuri,  tUM)  m.  from 
tlip  M)'o*i!*!*ippi- 

I'liA'rrK,  l.ittlr,  r.  T.n.  wliicli  ruiiH  into  the 
MiKRouri,  'M\i  m.  from  thr  Miimifmippi. 

PhATTEKIIJ,,  f.  list,  r  ro.  N.  Y.  2-2  ni.  S. 
fVom  Kinirxfon.     Pop,  !,!)'<(). 

P(,.\TTS|JUR(;,t.nnilcap.(|intonco.N.Y. 
nn  \V.  HJdii  of  Lnki'  Chninpliiin,  nt  the  imnilh 
of  the  Siirnnnr,  KiO  in.  N.  from  Allmny,  (ill  S. 
from  Montreal.  Lon.  73^  2.V  W.;  lat.  'll'M3' 
N.  Pop.  4,!i1:J.  'I'll.-  V.  S.  bnrriir.kH  arc  4  m. 
alwvo  the  villnjjr,  on  the  Saraimc.  Plattshurg 
villn^e  ia  hundsomrly  laid  out ;  it  contains  a 
court-houHc,  a  jail,  a  Prcnbytrrian  church,  an 
academy,  a  bank,  and  a  printing-office,  and  is 
n  place  of  considerable  trade.  This  place  is 
inemorable  for  the  etVcetiial  resiHtance,  on  the 
llth  of  Scjit.  IHJI,  of  2,.'J(K)  Americans,  nnder 
(!cn.  Macomb,  to  ihv  Uritish  force  of  ll,0(H) 
men,  nnder  Sir  (Jeorpc  Prcvost;  and  in  the 
Imy  before  this  town,  Commodore  M'DonouKli 
obtained  a  sijrnal  victory  over  the  Hritish  fleet. 

PLEASANT,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio.    Pop. 

i,7<;;j. 

PLEASANT,  t.  in  the  SW.  corner  of  Frank- 
lined.  Ohio.     Pop.  1G4. 

PLEASAN'I',  t  in  the  SE.^corncr  of  Madi- 
son co.  Ohio.     Pop.  K")?. 

PF-EASANT,  t.  in  flie  north-eastern  part  of 
Clarke  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  i"2l. 

PLEASANT,  t  Hrowii  co.  Ohio,  in  which 
is  situated  the  town  of  Ripley.     Fop.  l,f)17. 
PLEASANT  (JROVE,  V.Lunenburg  CO.  Va. 
PLEASANT  GROVE,  v.  Orange  co.  N.C. 
PLEASANT  GROVE,  v.  Greenville  dis- 
trict, S.  C. 
PLE.\SANT  PLAINS,  v.  Franklin  co.  Ten. 
PLEASANT  RIVER,  r.  Me.  which  runs 
into  the  sea,  between  ('olumbia  and  Addison, 
and  forms  a  bay  at  its  mouth,  to  which  it  gives 
name,  lon.  67=  40'  W. ;  Int.  44°  35'  N. 

PLEASANT  VALLEY,  v.  in  Clinton, 
Dutchess  CO.  N.  Y.  7  m.  E.  of  Poughkeepsie. 
This  is  a  flourishing  village,  and  has  consider- 
able manufactories.  « 

PLEASANT  VALLEY,  v.  in  Elizabeth- 
town,  N.  Y. 
PLEASANT  VALLEY,  t.  Fairfax  co.  Va. 
PLEIN,  r.  which  rises  in  the  NVV.  Terri- 
tory,  flows  into  Indiana,  and  unites  with  the 
Thcakiki,  to  form  the  Illinois. 

PLESIS,  V.Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  184  m.  NW. 
from  Albany. 
PLUCKEMIN,  V.  Somerset  co.  N.J. 
PLUIE,  La,  lake,  N.  America.    Lon.  93° 
40'W.;  lat.  48=' 50' N. 

PLUIE,, Zifl,  r.  which  forms  a  communica- 
tion between  Lake  la  Pluio  and  the  Lake  of 
the  Woods. 

PLUM  ISLAND,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  coast  of  Massachusetts,  between  Newbury 
port  and  Ipswich,  9  m.  long  and  1  broad.  Its 
soutli  end  is  on  the  north  side  of  the  entrance 
of  Ipswich  harbor,  and  its  north  end  on  the 
south  side  of  the  entrance  of  Ncwburyport  har- 
bor. Near  tlie  north  end  there  are  two  lights. 
Several  houses  have  been  erected  on  this  island 
by  tlic  Marine  and  Humane  Society,  for  the 
i2X 


relief  of  distrtMiiied  mariners.     This  Island  is  • 
pinei'  of  niiicli  resort  in  the  summer. 

PLI'M  isr.ANI),  small  isl.  near  tho  NE. 
eoant  of  Long  Island,  in  tho  state  of  N.  Y.  It 
i*  annexed  to  Soutbold. 

PL!) YE,  r.  In.  which  runs  into  the  The- 
akiki. 

PLYMOUTH,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  18  m.  W. 
from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,237.  .\  remarkable 
cavern  was  discovered  in  this  town  in  1H18.  It 
is  situatid  at  the  toot  of  a  mountain,  near  tho 
head  of  Black  river,  and  has  5  a|mrtmcnts,  the 
largest  of  which  is  30  ti:et  long,  20  broad,  and 
20  high.  Two  of  the  others  are  nearly  as 
large.  Tho  rocks  which  form  tho  cavern  arc 
wholly  of  limestone.  Numcroun  |»etri factions 
are  foimd  here,  most  of  which  resemble  icicles 
hanging  from  the  rw^ks. 

PLYMOUTH,  t.  Grafton  r^.  N.H.  on  W. 
side  of  the  Merrimack,  31  in.  SSE.  from  Haver- 
hill,  43  N.  iVom  Concord,  70  NVV.  iVom  Ports- 
inoutii.  Pop.  1,175.  Ill  the  north  ptrt  of  tho 
town  there  is  a  |ileas.'int  village,  containing  a 
court-house  and  a  f'ongrcgatioiial  mtcting- 
house.  The  courts  of  the  county  arc  held  al- 
ternately here  and  at  Haverhill. 

PLYMOin'H,  CO.  Mass,  bounded  by  Cape 
(VmI  and  Jioston  Hays  NE.  nariistiii)lu  co.  and 
Hii/zard's  Hay  SE.  Bristol  co.  SW.  and  Nor- 
folk  CO.  NW.  Length  30  in.  mean  widtli  20. 
Pop.  in  1H20,  3H,l3t);  in  18.30,  42,993.  It  is 
the  original  seat  of  the  colonization  of  New 
England.     Chief  town,  Plymouth. 

PLYMOUTH,  s-p.  and  cap.  Plymouth  co. 
Mass.  3G  111.  SSE.  from  Boston.  Lon.  70'^  30' 
W. ;,  lat.  4P  58'  N.  Pop.  4,751.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  a  juil,  a  bank,  and  4  houses  of 
public  worship^3  for  Congregationalists,  and 
1  for  Baptists.  I'he  harbor  is  spacious,  but 
shallow.  VcshlIs  drawing  more  than  10  or  11 
feet  of  water  cannot  approach  the  wharves 
without  being  lightened  at  some  distance  from 
them.  A  small  stream  wlii^h  passes  tlirough 
the  town,  furnishes  valuable  water-power, 
where  have  been  erected  several  important 
rnanutiictorics  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  and 
extensive  iron  works.  Plymouth  is  the  oldest 
town  in  New  England.  I'he  first  settlers  land- 
ed here  on  the  22(1  of  December,  1620 ;  this 
anniversary  is  still  observed.  The  rock  on 
which  they  landed  was  conveyed,  in  1774,  to 
tlic  centre  of  the  town. 

PLYMOUTH,  t  Litchfield  co.  Ct  10  m. 
SE.  from  Litchfield.    Pop.  2,064. 

PLYMOUTH,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  7  m. 
NW.  from  Norwich,  107  W.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  1,591. 

PLYMOUTH,  t  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  on  the 
Susquehannah,  nearly  opposite  WUkesbarre. 

PLYMOUTH,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 

PLYMOUTH,  s-p.  and  cap.  Washington  co. 
N.  C.  near  the  mouth  of  the  Roanoke,  20  m.  S. 
from  Edcnton. 

PLYMOUTH,  t.  the  northern  limits  of 
Richland  co.  Ohio. 

PLYMOUTH,  V.  Windsor  co.  Vt  15  m. 
SE.  by  E.  from  Rutland. 

PLYMPTON,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  10  m. 
NW.  from  PlymouUi,  32  S.  from  Boitton.  Fop. 


378 


POC— POP 


920.    It  con<:iiiia  a  collun,  a  woollen  luuiiufuc 
tory,  and  u  forjje. 

POCAHONTAS,  t.  Clicslerfield  co.  Va.  on 

N.  side  ot'tlio  A{)|ioin;itox,  opiWHiti-.  IVtiTHliurff, 

uiul  included  within  Ihr,  Ixiroufjli  of  PctcrHlmrjr. 

POt^ATALKiO,  V.  nt;iiilort  diBtrict,  S.  C. 

64  m.  WSW.  froin  Cliarlcslon. 

POKOMOKE,  r.  in  SK.  part  of  Md.  wliicli 
runs  SVV,  into  tlu;  ('htsaijouki!,  fonniii(r  a  con- 
sidernlilo  Itay  at  its  mouth.     Lcnjfth  4()  ni. 

POESTON  KILL,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into 
tlie  Hudson,  S.  of  Troy.     Lcnjrth  20  ni. 

POINT  ADAMS,  cape,  on  W.  coat-t  of  N. 
America,  S,  of  the  entrance  into  llio  river  (,'o- 
luinhia.     Lfjn.  UA^  ftT  W.;  lat.  ICP  l.V  N. 

POINT  ALDERTON,  SVV.  [wint  of  Iloston 
Harbor,  on  the  coast  oi'  Massachusetts. 

POINT  AU  FER,  headland  in  N.  part  of 
Lake  (Ihaniplain,  piven  by  the  British  to  the 
United  States,  in  ITG!). 

POINT  BAGAUUCE,  cajK;  in  Penobscot 
Bay,  on  the  coast  of  Maine. 

POINT  (CHICOT,  V.  of  Ark!  ,3as,  on  the 
bank  of  the  Mississippi,  at  tlie  mouth  of  tlie 
Arkansas  river. 

POINT  COMFORT,  cape  on  the  coast  of 
Va.  at  tii(!  mouth  of  James  river. 

POINT  COUPEE,  CO.  La.  Pop.  5,93G. 
Chief  town.  Point  Cou])cc. 

POINT  COUPEE,  t.  and  cap.  Point  Conine 
CO.  La.  on  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  30  m. 
N.  from  Baton  Rogue,  1,210  from  W. 

POINT  IIARMER,  v.  in  the  township  of 
Marietta,  Ohio,  on  tlic  Muskingrum.  It  is  very 
pleasantly  situated,  and  contains  a  steam-mill 
of  stone,  4  stories  high,  and  about  50  hand- 
some dwelling-houses. 

POINT  JUDITH,  cape  on  the  SE.  comer 
of  South  Kingston,  Rhode  Island,  on  W.  side 
of  Narraganset  Bay,  9  m.  SSW.  from  Newport 
Lon.  71°  35'  W.;  lat.  41°  24'  N. 

POINT  LABADDIE,  v.  on  Missouri  river, 

in  Franklin  co.  Miso.  30  m.  above  St.  Charles. 

POINT  LOOKOUT,  cape  on  the  coast  of 

Md.  on  N.  side  of  the  mouth  of  the  Potomac. 

POINT   MARYLAND,  headland  in   the 

river  Potomac,  W.  of  Port  Tobacco. 

POINTOPOIilS,  V.  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  190 
*n.  SW.  from  Columbus. 

POINT  PLEASANT,  t  Mason  co.  Va.  just 
above  the  confluence  of  Kenhawa  with  the 
Ohio,  5  m.  NE.  from  Gallipolis. 

POINT  PLEASANT,  v.  Clermont  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Ohio  river.  It  contains 
about  25  houses,  immediately  below  the  mouth 
of  Indian  creek,  21  m.  SW.  from  Williams- 
burg.   Pop.  116. 

POINT  PLEASANT,  v.  Martin  co.  In.  126 
m.  SSW.  from  Indianapolis. 

POINT  REMOVE,  v.  Pulaski  co.  Arkansas, 
60  m.  from  Little  Rock. 

POINT  SALISBURY,  cape,  on  the  coast 
of  Massachusetts,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Mer- 
rimack river,  N.  of  tlie  entrance  of  Newbury, 
port  harbor. 

POINT  SHERIFF,  cape  in  Columbia  river, 
on  W.  coast  of  N.  America. 
POINT  TOBACCO,  cape  on  the  coast  of 


Maryland,  in  the  PolomiiC,  37  m.  SSW.  from 
Ai!napf)l>:T 

POKETALICO,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the  Ken- 
hawa.     I^n.  8P  51'  W. ;  lat  38°  16'  N. 

i'uLAND,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Me.  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  entrance  of  the  Little  Androscnjr. 
gin,  30  m.  N.  from  Portland,  140  m.  NNE. 
from  Boston. 

POLAND,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Ma- 
honing,  18  m.  SE.  from  Warron,  62  NW.  from 
Pittsburg.  Pop.  1,186.  It  rjntains  a  furnace, 
a  forge,  and  other  mills. 

POLLARDSVILLE,  v.  Greenville  district, 
.*».  {.'aroliiia. 

POM  FRET,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  22  m.  N. 
from  Windsor,    fop.  1,867. 

POMFRET,  L  Windham  co.  Ct.  40  m.  E. 
from  Hartford,  57  SW.  from  Boston.  It  is  an 
excellent  agricultural  town,  and  has  a  very 
large  cotton  manufactory.  Near  the  centre  of 
the  town  there;  is  a  pleasant  village,  where 
several  turnpikes  meet. 

POMFRET,  tChatauquc  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake 
Erie,  containing  tlie  villages  of  Dunkirk  and 
Frcdonia.     Pop.  3,386. 

POMME,  r.  La.  runs  into  the  Mississippi, 
Lon.  90=>  l.V  W.;  lat.  37°  18'  N. 

POMPEY,  t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  II  m.  SE. 
from  Onondaga,  146  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
4,812.  This  is  a  valuable  agricultural  town, 
and  has  an  academy. 

POMPTON,  t.  Morris  co.  N.J. 

POMUNKY  CREEK,  r.  Maryland,  which 
runs  into  the  Potomac. 

PONDICHERRY,  mt.  N.  H.  in  Breton 
Woods,  and  Jefferson. 

PONCHARTRAIN,  lake.  La.  about  35  m. 
long  from  E.  to  W-  and  26  broad,  and  gener- 
ally  from  12  to  20  feet  deep.  It  communicates 
with  Lake  Borgne  on  tlie  SE.  with  Lake  Mau- 
repas  on  the  NW.  and  with  the  city  of  New 
Orleans  by  Bayou  St.  John,  on  the  S. 

PONTIAC,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Oakland 
CO.  Mich,  on  Huron  river,  of  Lake  St  Clair.  It 
stands  in  a  very  fertile  district 

POOL,  r.  Mississippi,  which  runs  into  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico. 

POOL'S  ISLAND,  small  is!,  in  the  Chesa- 
peake.    Lon.  76°  23'  W. ;  lat  39°  22'  N. 

POOLESVILLE,  v.  Spartanburg  district, 
S.  Carolina. 

POOLSVILLE,  t.  NW.  part  of  Montgomery 
CO.  Md.  33  m.  NW.  from  W. 

POOSHAW,  lake,  in  Hancock  co.  Me.  It 
is  9  m.  long,  and  4  broad.  It  communicates 
with  the  Penobscot  by  Pooshaw  river,  which, 
after  a  course  of  15  m.  flows  into  the  Penob- 
scot, on  W.  side,  opposite  Marsh  Island. 

POPACHTON,  r.  one  of  the  higher  conflu- 
ents  of  Delaware  riv^r,  rises  in  Greene  co. 
N.  Y.  and  thence  flowing  into  Delaware  co. 
continues  a  SW.  course  of  50  m.  into  the  Del- 
aware river. 

POPE,  CO.  II.  bounded  SE.  and  S.  by  Ohio 
river,  W.  by  Johnson,  and  N.  and  NE.  by  Gal- 
latin. Length  30  m.  mean  widtli  20.  Pop.  in 
1820,  2,610;  in  1830,  3,323.  Chief  town, 
Golconda. 


I 


POP— POR 


379 


3W.  from 

I  the  Ken- 
s'N. 

.  on  the  S. 
Lndroscng. 
in.  NNE. 

on  the  Mtt- 
NW.  from 
I  a  furnace, 

ille  district, 

.  22  m.  N. 

t  40  m.  E. 
n.  It  is  an 
has  a  very 
ho  centre  of 
lage,  where 

,  Y.  on  Lakf^ 
Dunkirk  and 

3  Mississippi. 

Y.llm.SE. 
Jbany.  Pop. 
ultural  town, 

r. 

rylond,  which 

tl.  in  Breton 

I.  about  35  m. 
d,  and  gcner- 
Eommunicatcs 
th  Lake  Mau- 
!  city  of  New 
he  S. 

stice,  Oakland 
e  St  Clair.  It 

runs  into  the 

,  in  the  Chesa- 
90  22'N. 
iburg  district, 

fMontgomcry 

;k  CO.  Me.    It 
communicateB 

river,  which, 
jto  the  Penob- 
h  Island, 
higher  conflu- 
in  Greene  co. 
3  Delaware  co. 

into  the  Del- 

and  S.  by  Ohio 
nd  NE.  by  Gal- 
ltlj20.  Pop.  in 
Chief  town, 


POPLAR  CREEK,  r  Ten.  wliich  runs  into 
tlie  Clinch. 

POPLAR  CREEK,  r.  Md.  which  runs  into 
the  Potomac. 

POPLAR  GROVE,  v.  Newbury  district, 
S.  Carolina. 

POPLAR  ISLAND,  isl.  in  Ches^/^nV"  Bay, 
about  10  m.  in  circumference.   Lat  3b  -i^'  N. 

POPLAR  PLAINS,  v.  Ileming  co.  Ken.  a 
little  N.  of  E.  106  m.  from  Frankfort. 

POPLAR  SPRINGS,  v.  Ann-Arur.del  co. 
Maryland. 

POPLAR  TOWN,  or  Trap,  t  Worcester 
CO.  Maryland. 

POPLIN,  t  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  24  m. 
WSW.  from  Portsmouth.    Pop.  429. 

POPOCATEPETL,  volcanic  mountain  of 
Mexico,  in  Puebla,  rising  to  the  great  elevation 
of  17,716  feet  above  the  level  of  the  ocean. 

PORCUPINE,  r.  N.  America,  runs  intolhc 
Missouri,  110  m.  above  the  Yellow-stone. 

PORCUPINE  RIVER,  r.  NW.  Territory, 
runs  into  Lake  Superior.    Lat.  46°  14'  N. 

PORTAGE,  CO.  Ohio,  bounded  by  Columbi- 
ana  SE.  Stark  S.  Medina  W.  Cuyahoga  NW. 
Geauga  N.  and  Trumbull  E.  Lengtli  30  m. 
breadth  24.  Pop.  in  1820,  10,095;  in  1830, 
18,827.  Chief  town,  Ravenna.  The  land  is  gen- 
crally  high,  elevated  and  considerably  broken. 

PORTAGE  DESSIEUX,  v.  St.  Charles  co. 
Miso.  25  m.  from  St.  Charles. 

PORT  AU  PRINCE,  seaport  of  St.  Domin- 
go,  seated  on  a  bay  on  the  W.  side  of  the  island, 
of  which  part  it  is  the  capital.  It  was  taken 
by  the  English  and  royalists  in  1794,  but  Uie 
whole  island  has  been  since  evacuated  by  the 
English.  .Lon.  72°  10'  W.;  lat  18°  45'  N. 

PORT  BYRON,  v.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y. 

PORT  CONWAY,  v.  King  George's  co.  Va. 
65  m.  S.  from  W. 

PORTER,  t  Oxford  co.  Me.  34  m.  SW. 
from  Paris.    Pop.  841. 

PORTER,  t  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  on  Lake 
Ontario. 

PORTER,  t  on  tlie  Ohio  river,  in  Scioto  co. 
Ohio.    Pop.  917. 

PORTER  BRIDGE,  v.  Oxford  co.  Me.  45 
m.  NW.  from  Portland. 

PORT  GIBSON,  seat  of  justice  for  Gai- 
borne  co.  Miss,  on  the  waters  of  the  Bayou 
Pierre,  45  m.  NE.  of  Natchez,  and  12  in.  E. 
of  the  Mississippi  river,  contains  a  branch  of 
the  State  Bank,  a  handsome  court-house,  n 
printing-office,  whicli  issues  a  large  weekly 
paper,  and  about  1,000  inhabitants.  Distance 
from  W.  1,101  m. 

PORT  PENN,  a  small  village  in  Newcastle 
CO.  Del.  on  the  bank  of  the  Delaware  river,  50 
m.  belftw  Philadelphia. 

PORT  REPUBLIC,  t.  Rockingham  co.  Va. 
on  S.  branch  of  the  Shenandoah,  22  m.  NE. 
from  Staiuiton. 

PORT  ROYAL,  t.  Caroline  co.  Vu.  on  the 
Rappahannock,  20  m.  SE.  from  Fiederick.s- 
burg. 

PORT  ROYA'j,  t  Montgomery  co.  Ten.  at 
the  union  of  th^  Sulphur  Fork  and  R»(l  River, 
12  m.  E.  from  Clarkt'sville. 

PORT  ROYAL    ISLAND,    isl.   in   Port 


Royal  Eritranero,  near  the  cfKist  of  S.  Carolina, 
almut  V2  in.  long  n.id  5  wide.  Beaufort  is  tlie 
prin<-ipal  town.    Lat  32°  12'  N. 

PORT  TOBACCO,  t.  and  cap.  CliarlcB  co. 
Md.  on  a  small. river  of  the  name  name,  which 
runs  into  the  Potomac  a  little  bolow  the  town, 
4'j  m.  SSW.  from  Anna|K)Ii.x.  It  contains  an 
Bipiscopal  church,  a  warc-liousc  for  tlie  inspec- 
tion of  tobacco,  and  aliout  bO  ho'us<'8.  In  the 
vicinity  are  the  cukbratcd  col<'  waters  of  Mount 
Misery,  32  m.  from  W. 

PORT  WATSON,  v.  Cortlandt  co.  N.  Y. 
on  the  Tiouglinioga,  3  ni.  from  the  court- 
house.   See  Homer. 

PORT  WILLIAM,  t.  an«l  caj).  Gallatin  co. 
Ken.  at  the  conflux  of  Kentucky  river  with 
the  Ohio,  37  m.  N.  from  Fronklbrt,  and  565 
from  W.     Pop.  324. 

PORTAGE,  t.  in  SW.  corner  of  Portage 
CO.  Ohio,  on  the  Tuscarawas.    Pop.  475. 

PORTAGE,  or  Carrying  river,  r.  Ohio, 
which  runs  into  Lake  Erie,  15  m.  W.  of  the 
Sandusky. 

PORTAGE  DES  SIOUX,  v.  Missouri,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  6  m.  above  the 
Mi.ssouri,  24  m.  N.  from  St  Ixjuis. 

P(3RTER,  t.  Oxford  co.  Mc.  34  m.  SW.  from 
Paris.    Pop.  841. 

PORTLAND,  t  and  port  of  entry,  Cum- 
berland  co.  Mc.  54  m.  NNE.  from  Portsmouth, 
115  NNE.  from  Boston,  and  542  from  W. 
LoA.  70°  20'  W.;  lat  43°  39'  W.  It  is  a  very 
pleasant  town,  finely  situated  on  a  peninsula 
in  Casco  bay.  It  is  the  shire-town  of  the  co. 
and  till  this  year  (1832)  it  has  been  the  capi- 
tal of  the  state.  The  liarlwr  is  large,  safe, 
easy  of  access,  and  is  frozen  but  for  a  very 
short  time  each  winter.  It  is  the  largest  town 
in  Maine,  and  has  a  very  active  commerce. 
The  shipping  of  the  port  in  1829  amounted  to 
56,949  tons.  It  has  many  handsome  buildings, 
among  which  are  8  houses  of  public  worship, 
a  custom-house  and  court-house.  It  has  6 
banks,  including  a  branch  of  the  JJ.  S.  bank, 
an  insurance  office,  academy,  pui)lic  library, 
and  several  flovrishing  schools.  On  o|)|)ositc 
sides  of  tlic  ship-chnnnrl  are  forts  Preble  and 
Scamniel.  The  entraiiec  of  the  harbor  is 
marked  by  a  light-house,  and  on  the  pinnacle 
of  Mount  .Foy  is  a  conspicuous  observatorv.  In 
1820  it  contained  8,520  inhahitants ;  in  1830, 
12,601. 

PORTLAND,  NexD,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  22 
m.  NW.  from  NoiTidgowock.    Pop.  1,215. 

PORTLAND,  t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  on 
T  ake  Erie,  9  m.  from  the  head  of  Chatauque 
Lake.     Pop.  1,771. 

PORTLAND,  V.  Jefferson  co.  Ken.  below 
Louisville. 

PORTLAND,  V.  Dallas  co.  Al.  16  m.  from 
Ciihawba. 

PORTO  BELT  A  seaport  of  N.  America, 
on  i\\v.  N.  eojuit  of  the  isthmus  of  Darien,  hav- 
ing a  large  cominmlions  harbor,  with  good  an- 
(;liorage  and  shelter  (tir  ships ;  its  entrance  is 
narrow,  and  defended  by  several  forts.  It  is 
70  ni.  N.  of  Panama,  and  .300  W.  of  Cartha- 
gena.     Lon.  HP  45'  W. ;  lat.  9°  33'  N. 

PORTSMOUTH,  t  Rockingham  co,  N.  H. 


380 


POR— POU 


at  Uie  moutli  of  the  Piscataqua,  with  an  excel- 
lent harbor.  It  is  tb>s  only  8«ai»rt  in  the  state, 
and  has  considerable  commerce.  Here  is  a 
navy.yard  of  the  U.  States.  The  town  has  7 
churches,  a  branch  of  the  United  States  bunk, 
2  insurance-offices,  and  an  nthdnosum.  Two 
bridges  cross  the  river  to  Kittcry,  in  Maine. 
In  Utec.  Ibl3  a  fire  destroyed  3!)7  buildings 
here.  It  is  24  m.  NNE.  from  Newbury jwrt, 
56  N.  by  E.  from  Boston,  and  .')4  SSVV,  from 
Portland.  Pop.  8,082.  Lat.  43^  5'  N.;  Ion. 
70°  4.1'  W. 

PORTSMOUTH,  t  Newport  co,  R.  I.  on 
N.  end  of  the  island  of  R.  I.  7  ni.  N.  from 
Newport  Pop.  1,727.  It  is  connected  with 
Tiverton  by  a  bridge,  and  wilh  Bristol  by  a 
ferry.  la  tlie  NW.  part  of  the  township  tliere 
is  a  coal  mine. 

PORTSMOUTH,  t.  and  cap.  Scioto  co,Ohio, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Scioto,  just  above  its 
junction  with  the  Ohio,  45  m.  S.  from  Chilli- 
cothe,  44  W.  from  Gallipolis,  '121  ni.  from  W. 
It  is  advantageously  situated,  and  contains  a 
court-house,  a  jail,  and  has  some  trade.  Pop. 
1,064. 

PORTSMOUTH,  L  Norfolk  co.  Va.  on  the 
SW.  side  of  Elizabeth  river,  opposite  Norfolk, 
one  mile  distant  from  it,  both  of  which  consti- 
tute one  port  of  entry,  110  rn,  E.  by  S.  from 
Petersburg,  219  m.  from  W.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated,  and  regularly  laid  out,  and  contains 
a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  sugar  rcfmery,  and  4 
houses  of  public  worship,  1  for  Episcopalians, 
1  for  Baptists,  1  for  Methodists,  and  1  for  Ro- 
man Catholics.  The  courts  for  tlie  county  of 
Norfolk  are  held  here. 

PORTSMOUTH,  s-p.  Carteret  co.  N.  C.  on 
N.  end  of  Core  bank,  near  Oerecock  inlet, 
chiefly  inhabited  by  fishermen  and  pilots. 

PORT  LOUIS,  French  fortress,  on  the  SVV. 
coast  of  Hispaniola.  Lon.  73^  16'  W. ;  lat 
18^  18'  N. 

PORT  ROYAL,  s-p.  of  Jamaica,  6  m.  E. 
of  Spanish  Town,  and  as  much  by  water  SE. 
of  Kingstoiu    Lon.  76°  45'  W. ;  lat.  18-  N. 

PORT  ROYAL,  town  and  fortof  Uie  island 
of  Martinico,  21  m.  SE.  of  St.  Pierre.  Lon. 
61°  9' W.;  lat  14°  3' N. 

PORT  ROYAL,  isi.  of  S.  C.  lies  between 
Broad  river  on  the  W.  Whale  Sound  N. 

PORT  ROYAL,  v.  and  port  of  Caroline  co. 
Va.  on  the  left  bank  of  Rappahannock,  30  m. 
below  Fredericksburg,  and  65  m.  NNE.  from 
Richmond.    Pop.  about  1,700. 

PORT  ROYAL,  v,  Morgan  co.  In.  about 
40  m.  SW.  from  Indianajwlis, 

PORT  ROYAL,  v.  on  Red  River,  Montgo- 
mery CO.  Ten.  45  m.  WNW.  from  Nashville. 

POSEY,  CO.  In.  bordering  on  the  Ohio  and 
Wabash.  Pop.  6,883.  Chief  town.  Mount 
Vernon. 

POST  HILI,,  v.  Morgan  co.  Geo. 

POST  MILL,  V,  Orange  co.  Va.  54  m.  N. 
from  Montpelier. 

POTOKA,  r.  In.  which  is  farmed  in  Orange 
CO.  and  flows  W.  through  Pike  and  Gibson 
COS.  and  joins  the  Wabosh  about  12  m.  W. 
from  Princeton. 

POTOMAC,  r.  U.  S.  which  rises  in  two 


branches,  the  north  and  south,  originating  in 
and  near  the  Alleghany  niountiiiin,  and  forms, 
through  its  whole  course,  part  of  the  bfiundary 
between  Virginia  and  Maryland,  and  flows  into 
Chesapeake  Bay,  Ixjtween  Point  Lookout  and 
Smith's  Point.  It  is  7i  mik.'s  wide  at  its  mouth. 
This  is  a  fine  navigable  river  for  ships  of  al- 
most any  burden  for  nearly  .300  miles,  as  the 
tide  ebbs  and  flows  in  it  nearly  tliat  distance. 
AiK)ve  tiie  tide-water  the  river  has  thrte  con- 
siderable falU,  those  above  CJeorgetown  arc 
now  passable  in  boats.  Its  h  ngtli  alwve  llie 
tide  is  upwards  of  3U0  miles  tlirough  aji  in- 
habited country.  Its  jiniction  wilii  the  She- 
nandoah at  HariK'r's  Ferry  is  regarded  us  a 
great  curiosity.    See  Harper^a  Fury. 

POTOMAC  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs 
into  the  Potomac. 

POTOSI,  t.  and  cap.  Washington  co.  Mis- 
souri, 45  W.  from  St.  Genevieve,  60  SSW.  from 
St.  Louis,  915  111.  from  W. 

POTOSI,  Sun  Luis,  a  stitc  of  Mexico, 
bounded  S.  by  Queretaro  and  Guanaxuato,  W. 
by  Zaeateeas,  N.  by  New  Leon,  E.  by  Tauina- 
lijias  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  SE.  by  Vera 
Cruz.  Length  from  N.  to  S.  200  miles,  mean 
widtli  alwut  95. 

POTOSI,  San  Luis,  city  of  Mexico,  and 
seat  of  government  for  the  state  of  San  Louis 
Potosi.  It  is  situated  on  tlie  high  table-land 
of  Analiuac,  near  the  source  of  the  river  Paiiu- 
co,  264  m.  NNVV.  from  tJie  city  of  Mexico. 
Lat  22°  3'  N. ;  lon.  from  W.  23°  25'  W.  Pop. 
15,000. 

POTSDAM,  t  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.Y.  90 
m.  W.  from  Plattsburg,  150  NNW.  from  Al- 
bany.   Pop.  3,650. 

POTTER,  CO.  N.  side  of  Pa.  bounded  N.  by 
New  York,  E.  by  Tioga  co.  S.  by  Lycoming 
CO.  and  W.  by  IM'Kean  co.  Chief  town,  Cou- 
ders|)ort 

POTTERSTOWN,  v.  Hunterdon  co.  N.J. 
5  m.  E.  from  Lebanon. 

POTTIESVILLE,  v.  Louisa  co.  Va. 

POTTSGROVE,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 

POTTSVILLE,  a  flourishing  t  in  Schuyl- 
kill CO.  Pa.  which  has,  within  a  few  years, 
grown  from  a  solitary  house  to  a  very  con- 
siderable borough.  It  is  situated  on  one  of  the 
head  branches  of  the  Schuylkill  river,  near  the 
termination  of  the  canal  The  sudden  rise, 
and  rapid  increase,  of  this  place,  have  been 
owing  to  the  immense  quantities  of  coal  found 
in  the  vicinity,  and  to  the  location  of  the  canal, 
which  terminates  here,  and  renders  this  place 
a  considerable  de|K)t  for  merchandise  destined 
for  the  north  and  west.     Pop.  2,464. 

POUGHKEEPSTE,  t  and  cap.  Dutchess  co. 
N.Y.  on  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson,  75  m.N.  of  New 
York,  8.5  S.  of  Albany,  301  from  W.  The  town- 
ship is  10  in.  in  length  from  N.toS.  and  about  3  J 
from  E.  to  W.  and  has  5  landings  with  exten- 
sive storehouses,  wharves,  &,e.  The  village 
of  Poughkeepsie  is  situated  on  a  plain  about  a 
mile  E.  of  the  Hudson,  and  contains  a  court- 
house, a  jail,  a  bank,  an  academy,  several 
houses  of  public  worship,  and  7,222  inhab- 
itants. 

POULTNEY,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt  56  m.  N. 


POU— PRl 


381 


jng  m 

foriiiH, 
undury 
iWH  into 
)ut  and 

niouUi. 
>s  of  ul- 

ilH  tliu 
listancc. 
nc  con- 
»\vn  arc 
l)ovc'  the 
\\  an  in- 
tlic  Shc- 
Jcd  an  a 

ich  runs 

I  CO.  Mis- 
iW.  from 

'  Mexico, 
Kuuto,  W. 
y  Tuunm- 
■:.  by  Vera 
ilcs,  mean 

Dxico,  and 
San  Louis 
table-land 
iver  Panu- 
jf  Mexico. 
,'\V.    Pop. 

N.Y.  90 
!'■  from  Al- 

nded  N.  by 
ycoming 
town,  Cou- 

co.  N.  J. 

Va. 
CO.  Pa. 

in  Schuyl- 
fcw  yearB, 

very  con- 

onc  of  the 
Dr,  near  tiie 
idden  rise, 

have  been 
'  coal  found 

f  the  canal, 
tliie  place 

se  destined 

butchcSB  CO. 

I.  N.  of  New 
The  town- 
ndabout3i 
aith  exten- 
Phe  village 
lain  about  a 
riB  a  court- 
iiy,  several 
222  inhab- 
it 56  m.  N. 


from  Bennington.  Pop.  1,909.  It  is  a  con- 
mderable  town,  is  watered  by  Poultncy  river, 
and  Iwrders  on  Hampton,  N.  Y. 

POUNDRIlXJi:,  L  Westchester  ca  N.Y. 
5  m.  SE.  from  Hi'dford.     Fop.  l,i:n. 

POWELL'S  CREEK, r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
James  river,  ion.  77^  21'  W.;  lat.  37^  l.'l'  N. 

P(  )VV IXL'S  CREEK, r. Pa-  whicli  runs  into 
tlie  Siisqueliannah,  20  m.  above  Harrisbnrg. 

POWELL'S  POL\T,  ca|)c,  Va-  in  James 
river.     Lon.  H(P  24'  W. ,  lat.  37^  2'  N. 

POWELL'S  RIVER,  i:  which  rises  from 
Powell's  mountain  in  Virginia,  passes  into 
Tennessee,  and  joins  ("linch  rivjr  38  m.  Nl'l 
from  Knoxvilie.  It  is  said  to  bi;  navigable  lor 
boats  nearly  100  miles. 

POWELLTON,  V.  Hancock  co.  Geo.  14 
in.  N.  from  Sparta.  It  contains  a  nourishing 
academy,  and  3  churches. 

POWHATAN,  CO.  Va-  boimdcd  N.  ly  James 
river,  E.  by  Cliesterfield  co.  S.  by  tlic  Apiwma- 
tox,  and  W.  by  Cumberland  co.  Pop.  b,517. 
Chief  town,  Scottsviile. 

POWNAL,  t.  Ilcnnington  ca  Vt  8  m.  S. 
from  Bennington.  Poj).  1,835.  It  is  a  valuable 
agricultural  town,  watered  by  Iloosac  river, 
and  borders  on  Iloosac,  N.  Y.  and  Williams, 
town,  Mass.  Momit  Antiiony  is  partly  in  this 
town,  and  partly  in  Bennington. 

POWNAL,  t  C;umbcrland  co.  Mc.  18  m. 
NE.  from  Portland,  133  NNE.  fronv  Boston. 

POWOW,  r.  which  rise?  in  Kingston,  N.  H. 
and  runs  into  the  MerrimotK,  W.  of  Salisbury 
in  Moss. 

PRAIRIE,  t  in  the  western  limits  of  Frank- 
hn  CO.  Ohio.     Pop.  193. 

PRAIRIE  CREEK,  v.  Vigo  co.  In.  95  m. 
SW.  by  W.  from  Indianapolis. 

PRAIRIE  DU  CHIEN,  v.  on  the  left  bonk 
of  the  Mississippi  river,  cap.  of  Crawford  co. 
Michigan,  above  the  mouth  of  Ouisconsin  river. 
It  is  on  ancient  settlement  made  by  French 
traders.  Tiie  I'.  S.  Fort  Crawford  stands  in 
this  settlement 

PRAIRIE  DU  ROCHE,  v.  Randolph  co. 
II.   It  is  the  same  village  named  often  Prairie 
tlu  Rocher. 
PRAIRIE  MOUND,  v.  Lillard  co.  Miso. 
PRATTSBURG,  t  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
2  399, 

'  PRALLSVILLE,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 
PRATTSVILLE,  v.  Alleghany  co.  Md.  on 
the  road  from  Hancockstown  to  Cumberland, 
and  nearly  midway  between  those  two  places, 
and  by  postroad  115  m.  NW.  from  W. 

PREBLE,  t  CorUandt  co.  N.Y.  8  m.  N. 
from  Homer,  150  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
1,4.35. 

PREBLE,  CO.  W.  part  of  Ohio.  Pop.  16,291. 
Chief  town,  Eaton. 

PRESCOTT,  V.  U.  C.  on  the  St.  Lawrence, 
nearly  opposite  Ogdensburg. 

PRESCOTT,  V.  Hampshire  co.  Mass.  76  m. 
vresterly  from  Boston. 

PRESQUE  ISLE,  a  peninsula,  on  S.  side 
of  Lake  Erie.     It  is  7  m.  long,  and  from  J  to 
li  broad.     It  is  a  heap  of  desert  sand,  thrown 
up  by  the  surf  of  tlie  lake. 
PRESSLEY'S,  V.  Abbeville  district,  S.C. 


PRESSLEY'S  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs 

into  the  Potomac. 

PRESTON,  t.  New  I^ondon  co.  (^t  on  the 
E.  side  of  tlie  river  Thames,  15  m.  above  New 
London.     Pop.  I,'.l3."i. 

P!{ESTON,  t.  New  London  co.  Ct.  on  E. 
side  of  tlie  Quincbaiig,  6  iii.  E.  from  Norwich. 

PRESTON,  t  Chinango  co.  N.Y.  5  in.  N. 
from  Norwich,  115  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
1,213. 

PRE.STON,  CO.  Va.  Jioundcd  by  Monongalia 
CO.  N.  Alleghany  co.  i\ld.  E.  Itaiulolph  co.  Xd. 
S.  and  Harrison  co.  W.  Length  26  m.  mean 
width  16.  Pop.  ill  1820, 3,428 ;  in  1830, 5099 ; 
blacks,  1C)'2.    (Jliief  town,  Kingwood. 

PRESTON  HILLS,  in  N.  H.  extending 
from  CockJnirn  to  the  White  Mountains. 

PRESTONSBURG,  v.  and  scat  of  justice, 
Floyd  CO.  Ken.  on  the  west  branch  of  Big 
Sandy  river,  209  ni.  SE.  by  E.  from  Frankfort 
Pop.  81. 

PRESTON'S  CREEK,  or  Wood  Creek,  r. 
Ken.  wliich  rims  into  the  Ohio. 

PRESTONVILLE,  v.  Rhea  co.  Ten.-MO 
m.  a  little  S.  of  E.  from  Murfreesborough. 

PRESTONVILLE,  t  Gallatin  co.  Ken. 

PRESU.MSCUT,  r.  Me.  which  Hows  from 
Sebacook  Lake  into  Casco  Bay,  NE.  of  Port- 
land. 

PREWITT'S  KNOB,  v.  Barren  co.  Ken. 
1-14  m.  SSW.  from  Fraukfort. 

PRICE'S  TAVERN,  t  Louisa  co.  Va.  CO 
m.  NW.  from  Richmond. 

PRICIS,  t.  St  Charles  district  Miso. 

PRll':STFORD,  v.  Harford  co.  Md. 

PRINCE'S  BAY,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Statcn 
Island,  N.  Y. 

PRINCE  EDWARD,  co.  of  U.  C.  occupy- 
ing a  |x^ninsula  between  Lake  Ontario  and  tliu 
Bay  of  Quinte. 

PRINCE  EDWARD,  co.  Va.  Imundrd  by 
Lunenburg  SE.  Charlotte  S.  and  SW.  Buck- 
ingham NW.  Cumberland,  or  Apjiomatox  river 
N.  Amelia  NE.  and  Nottaway  E.  Length  25  m. 
mean  width  10.  Pop.  in  1620, 12,577 ;  in  1830, 
14,107;  slaves,  8,.593. 

PRINCE  EDWARD,  C.H.  and  t  Prince 
Edward  co.  Va. 

PRINCE  FREDERICK,  t  Calvert  co.  Md. 
40  m.  SW.  from  .\nna|)oHs. 

PRINCE  FREDERICK,  a  parish  of  George- 
town district  S.  C. 

PRINCE  GEORGE,  co.  Md.  bounded  NE 
by  Ann-Arundcl  co.  E.  by  Calvert  co.  S.  by 
Charles  co.  W.  hy  the  Potomac,  and  NW.  by 
the  District  of  (^^jlumbia  and  Montgomery  co. 
Pop.  20,473.  Chief  town,  V^wr  Mailborongli. 

PRINCE  GE0R(;E,  CO.  Va.  bounded  N. 
by  James  river,  SSf].  by  Surrey  and  Sussex 
COS.  W.  by  Dinwiddle  co.  and  NW.  hy  Chester- 
field co.    Pop.  8,3t)S.    Chief  town.  City  Point. 

PRINCE  ROYAL  ISLANDS,  a  group  of 
islands  on  the  W.  side  of  N.  America,  E.  of 
Queen  Charlotte's  Islands,  with  a  navigable 
channel  between. 

PRINCESS  ANNE,  co.  SE.  corner  of  Va. 
bounded  N.  by  Che^opeake  Bay,  E.  by  the  At- 
lantic, S.  by  N.  Carolina,  and  W.  by  Norfolk 
ca    Pop.  9,102.    Chief  town,  Kempeville. 


383 


PRI— PRO 


PRINCESS  ANNE,  t.  nnd  cap.  Somcrscl 
CO.  Md.  at  the  head  oftlie  Miiiiokin,  30  in.  W. 
from  Snowhill,  153  in.  SE.  f'roni  W.  It  con- 
tains  acourt-houRe,  a  jail,  a  bank,  an  acadoiny, 
and  Episcopal  ciiiirch,  und  has  some  manufac- 
tures and  trade. 

PRINCETON,  t  Worcester  co.  Mass.  14 
m.  NNW.  from  Worcester,  53  W,  by  N.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  1,315.  It  is  a  v.ihiublc  town- 
ship. Wachusctt  mountain  is  situated  3  m. 
N.  of  tlio  mectinjSf-housc.  It  may  be  seen  at 
the  distance  of  G7  m.  and  according  to  the  ad- 
measurement of  Dr.  Wintlirop  it  is  3,013  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

PRINCETON,  t.  N.  J.  partly  in  Middlesex 
and  partly  in  Somerset  cos.  10  ni.  NE.  from 
Trenton,  16  SW.  from  New  Brunswick,  40 
NE.  from  Philadelphia,  4;)  SW.  from  N.  York. 
Lon.  74°  35'  W. ;  lat.  40°  33'  N.  It  is  a  pleas- 
ant town,  and  contains  a  College,  a  Theologi- 
cal Seminary,  a  brick  Presbyterian  church, 
and  upwards  of  300  dwelling-houses.  The 
CollQge  at  this  place  was  founded  in  1746,  at 
Ellzabethtown ;  the  next  year  it  was  removed 
to  Newark,  and  a  royal  charter  was  granted  to 
it  in  1748,  by  the  title  of  tha  College  of  New 
Jersey,  which  is  its  corporate  name  at  present. 
It  remained  at  Newark  10  years,  and  in  1757 
was  permanently  established  at  Princeton.  Its 
situation  is  pleasant  and  peculiarly  healthful, 
and  it  has  long  been  one  of  the  most  respecta 
ble  seminaries  in  the  U.  States.  The  college 
edifice  is  called  Nassau  Hall.  It  is  175  feet  in 
length  by  50  deep,  and  4  stories  high.  Beside 
a  chapel  40  feet  square,  there  are  3  otiicr  large 
buildings  attached  to  the  College,  which  con- 
tain  philosophical  apparatus,  museum,  recita- 
tion rooms,  &,c.  These  buildings  arc  all  of 
stone.  The  number  of  students  ranges  from 
75  to  150.  The  total  number  of  those  who 
have  graduated  at  this  college  from  its  com- 
mencement to  1830  was  1,913.  Commence- 
ment is  held  on  the  last  Wednesday  in  Sep- 
tember. There  arc  3  vacations:  the  1st,  from 
commencement,  6  weeks;  the  3d,  from  tlie 
first  Thursday  after  the  second  "Tuesday  in 
April,  4  weeks.  The  Tlicological  Seminary 
was  established  at  this  place  in  1813.  It  is 
imder  the  direction  of  the  General  Assembly 
of  the  Presbyterian  church  in  the  U.  States,  and 
has  3  professors,  one  of  didactic  and  polemic 
tlieology,  and  one  of  ecclesiastical  history  and 
church  government 

PRINCETON,  t.  Schenectady  co.  N.  Y. 
7  m."W.  Schenectady.    Pop.  819.     ■ 
PRINCETON,  t.  Caldwell  co.  Ken. 
PRINCETON,  V.  Butler  co.  Ohio,  6  m.  E. 
from  Hamilton.    Pop.  33. 

PRINCETON,  t.  Gibson  co.  In.  35  m.  S. 
from  Vincennes.  It  is  a  flourishing  town. 
•  PRINCE  OF  WALES,  Cape,  the  NW.  ex- 
tremity  of  tlie  American  continent,  opposite 
East  Cape,  on  tlic  shore  of  Asia.  Lon.  191° 
45' E.;  lat.  650  46' N. 

PRINCE  OF  WALES'  FORT,  N.  Ameri- 

ca,  on  Churchill  river,  belonging  to  tlie  Iliid- 

Bon  Bay  Company.    Lon.  y4°  7'  W. ;  Idt.  58° 

47' N. 

PRINCE  WILLIAM,  co.  NE.  part  of  Va. 


i>ounded  NNE.  by  lioudon  and  Fairfhx  cm. 
.10.  by  the  Potomac,  S.  by  Stafford  co.  and  SW. 
by  FiUKiuicr  co.  Pop.  9,330.  Chief  town, 
Brentsvilio. 

PRINCE  WILLIAM,  t  York  co.  Now 
Brunswick,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  river  St. 
John. 

PRINCE  WILLIAM'S  SOUND,  a  great 
inlet  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  on  the  N.  American 
coast,  which  occupies  a  degree  and  a  half  of 
latitude,  and  two  of  longitude.  It  requires  the 
greatest  circumspection  to  navigate  it,  on  ac- 
count of  the  rocks  and  shoals.  Lon.  147°  W. ; 
lat.  .59°  .'W  to  61°  N. 

PROCTOR'S  CREEK,  r.  Va.  which  runs 
into  James  river. 

PROSPECT,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me.  on  W.  side 
of  the  Penobscot,  at  its  entrance  into  Penob- 
scot Bay,  15  m.  NNW.  from  Ca8tine,327  NE. 
from  Boston.  Pop.  3,381.  It  has  an  excellent 
harbor,  with  water  sufficiently  deep  for  the 
largest  ships  of  war. 

PROSPECT,  t.  Prince  Edward  co.  Va. 

PROSPECT,  New,  v.  Bergen  co.  N.J. 

PROSPECT  HILL,  v.  Fairfax  co.  Va.  15 
m.  W.  from  W. 

PROSPECT  HILL,  v.  Rcnssellacr  co.  N.  Y, 
33  m.  from  Albany. 

PROSPECT  HILL,  v.  CasweU  cc^  N.  C.  88 
m.  NW.  from  Raleigh. 

PROVIDENCE,  one  of  the  least  of  the  Ba- 
hama  Islands,  but  the  best  of  those  planted  by 
the  English.  It  lies  300  m.  E.  of  Florida, 
Lon.  77°  1'  W. ;  lat.  34°  50'  N. 

PROVIDENCE,  North,  t.  Providence  co, 
R.  I.  on  the  W.  side  of  tlie  Pawtucket.  Pop, 
3,503.  It  lies  on  N.  side  of  Providence,  and 
contains  several  cotton  manufactories,  3  banks, 
and  an  air-furnace.  Pawtucket  village  is  in 
this  township. 

PROVIDENCE,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  30  m, 
N.  from  Schenectady,  34,i  NNW.  from  Alba- 
ny.   Pop.  1,579. 

PROVIDENCE,  t.  Mecklenburg  co.  N.  C. 

PROVIDENCE,  New,  t.  Essex  co.  N.  J, 
Pop.  910. 

PROVIDENCE,  CO.  R.  I.  Iwunded  N.  and 
E.  by  Massachusetts,  S.  by  Kent  co.  and  \V. 
by  Connecticut.    Pop.  47,014. 

PROVIDENCE,  t.  iwrt  of  entry,  and  mc 
trojiolis  of  R.  Island,  in  a  county  of  tlie  saine 
name,  15  m.  NNW.  from  Bristol,  30  N.  by  W. 
from  Newport,  40  SSW.  from  Boston,  59  NE. 
from  New  London,  65  E.  from  Hartford,  394 
from  W.  Lon.  71°  10'  W.;  lat.  41°  51'  N. 
Pop.  16,833.  It  is  siU^nted  on  both  sides  of 
Providence  river,  just  above  the  mouth  of  tlio 
Pawtucket,  and  35  m.  from  thu-ocean.  It  is  a 
pleasant,  well-built,  and  very  thriving  town, 
well  situated  for  trade,  and  has  a  flourisJiin? 
commerce,  and  extensivo  manufactures.  It 
|K)ssesses  a  fine  harbor  for  ships  of  almost  any 
burden,  and  its  commerce  is  rapidly  increas- 
ing, its  shipping  amounting  to  35,000  tons.  11 
eontiiins  15  or  10  public  buildings,  among 
which  the  buildings  of  lirown  University,  and 
the  Arcade,  a  magnificent  structure,  are  the 
most  conspicuous.  It  has  13  clmreiies  for  the 
different  denominations.    Two  of  the  Congre- 


//■ 


PRO— PUT 


383 


^utiuiiai  cliiirt'liOiS,  and  a  Huplisl  and  llpiNco- 
|ialiuii  ciiiit'L'h,  arc  rciiiarkalilt- lor  llirir  livaiily. 
Ilcrr  jirt;  1 1  liaiiks,  iiu'liiilin(r  an  olliro  of  dis- 
count and  d('|ii>sit.  oftlic  I'.  S.  li;ink.  'I'ln-  nn- 
nicrouH  and  ri'H|Hrtal>lc  niauiiliu'iUi'icH  ol'  tlit' 
city  and  I'awliutkct  arc  what  liaH  given  this 
city  itH  iin[)iilsc  towards  |inis|K'rity.  Few 
lowiiH  havo  increased  nion;  rapidly  witliin  the 
ia8t  ten  ycarB.  Another  elenient  of  tliis  in- 
crease has  ken  its  connexion  with  tiie  inte- 
rior of  MaHsachnsetts  hy  the  lilackstonc  canal. 
15rown  UnivorKity  is  n  resiMCtalile  and  llour- 
ishin^  inotitntion :  its  libraries  contain  12,100 
volumes.  There  are  !]  coilejr(!  edifices,  one 
l.W  hy  4()  feet,  and  I  stories  hijjh,  with  winjfs; 
and  the  other  120  hy  10  la  t.  'i'lie  |)osition 
of  these  buildings,  on  ii  noble  elevation,  is 
charniinjr.  The  irovernnieiit  of  the  University 
is  corniK)sed  of  3(i  trustees,  of  whom  the  presi- 
dent and  21  others  nuist  be  Baptists.  'J'hc 
other  members  of  the  board  are  share»l  amoufr 
the  diflerent  denominations,  of  whom  C>  must 
hv.  Friends.  The  Friends'  lloardinj^  School 
in  this  city  is  a  most  excellent  institution. 
lOvery  aspect  of  this  handsome  and  thrivinjr 
town  indicates  active  and  successful  enterprise. 

PROVIDENCE  RIVER,  r.  R.  I.  formed 
by  Wanosquiatucket  and  Moshasick,  which 
unite  just  above  Providence.  It  flows  into 
Narragansct  Bay,  at  Bullock's  Point,  5  or  6 
m.  below  Providence. 

PROVINt^E,  t.  Clarke  co.  In.  7  m.  from  tlie 
Ohio,  and  2')  above  the  rapids. 

PROVINCE  ISLAND,  fertile  island  in  the 
river  Delaware,  6  m.  below  Philiidelphia. 

PROVINCETOWN.t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass. 
near  Cape  Cod,  44  m.  NE.  from  Barnstable, 
116  SE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,710.  It  is  situ- 
ated on  the  hook  of  Capo  Cod,  3  m.  SE.  from 
Race  Point.  The  harbor,  which  is  one  of  the 
best  in  the  state,  ojiens  to  the  southward,  and 
has  sufficient  depth  of  water  for  ships  of  any 
size.  The  houses  are  of  one  story,  and  in 
order  to  prevent  their  being  buried  m  the  sand, 
they  are  set  on  piles,  that  the  driving  sands 
may  pass  under  them. 

PROWELLSVILLE,  v.  York  co.  Pa.  7  m. 
S.  from  Harrisburg. 

PRUDENCE,  isl.  in  Narragansct  Bay,  be- 
longing  to  Portsmouth,  R.  I.  6  m.  long ;  2  m. 
SW.  from  Bristol. 

PRUNTYTOVl^N,  t.  Harrison  co.  Va. 

PUEBLA,  a  state  of  Mexico,  bounded  by 
the  PacificOcean  S.  Mexico  W.  QueretaroNW. 
Vera  Cruz  NE.  and  Oaxaca  E.  and  SE. ;  length 
350  in.  breadth  53.  A  great  portion  of  Pucbla 
is  a  lofty  plain  and  highly  productive  in  grain 
and  fruits.  In  this  region  is  concentrated  the 
principal  part  of  the  population,  which  is  com- 
puted to  be  1,300,000,  one  million  of  which 
exist  upon  10,000  sq.  ms. 

PUEBLA,  city  of  Mexico,  and  capital  of  the 
state  of  the  same  name.  It  is  the  4tli  city  of 
Spanish  America,  and  is  only  exceeded  by 
'Mexico,  Guanaxuato,  and  Havana.  Pop.  about 
100,000.  Lat.  19°  N.;  Ion.  21°  W.  It  is  87 
m.  SE.  by  E.  from  Mexico,  and  160  m.  WNW. 
from  Vera  Cruz. 


PU(;i;'l"S  ISLAND,  narrow  Isl.  about  5  m. 
in  length,  in  Columbia  river,  about  24  m.  from 
its  mouth. 

PlJCirroWN,  V.  Chester  co.  Pa. 

I'lUiMTtJVVN,  V.  Frederick  co.  Va.  79  m. 
frniM  VV. 

I  I'LASFC I,  CO.  Ceo.  bounded  by  Telfuir  SE. 
Houston  SW.  Monroe  NW.  Twiggs  N.  and 
Laurens  NE.  Length  3!)  m.  mean  width  14. 
Little  Oaknndgee  river  rises  in  the  NE.  angle, 
and  traverses  the  entire  length  of  this  county. 
Pop.  in  1H20,  5,223;  in  iy30,  4,899.  Chief 
town,  Hartford. 

PULASKI,  CO.  Ken.  bounded  by  Cumber- 
land  river,  or  Wayne  S.  Adair  W.  Casey  and 
Lincoln  NW.  Rockcastle  NE.  and  Rockcastle 
river,  or  WJiite  E.  Length  35  m.  mean  width 
23.  Pop.  in  1820,  7,597;  in  1830,  9,522. 
Cliief  town,  Somerset 

PULASKI,  V,  and  seat  of  justice,  Giles  co. 
Ten.  on  Richland  branch  of  Elk  river,  45  m. 
NW.  from  Huntsville,  80  S.  from  Nashville. 

PULASKI,  CO.  Ark.  on  the  Cndron,  about 
300  m.  above  ArkiopoUs.  Pop.  2,395.  Chief 
town.  Little  Rock. 

PULTAWATAMIES,  Indians,  on  the  river 
St.  Joseph,  S.  of  Lake  Michigan.    No.  1,200. 

PULTNEY,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  W. 
side  of  Crooked  Lake,  11  m.  N.  from  Bath,  230 
VV.  from  Albany.     Pop.  1,730. 

PULTNEY,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,548. 

PULTNEY VILLE,  v.  in  Williamson,  N.Y. 

PUNCH  HALL,  v.  CaroHne  co.  Md. 

PUN(iOTEAf  ;UE,  V.  Accomac  co.  Va. 

PUNXETAWNY,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Pa.  on 
Mahoning  creek,  70  m.  NE.  from  Pittsburg, 
and  35  N  E.  by  E.  from  Kittanning. 

PUT-IN-BAY,  bay,  formed  by  the  island 
of  Edwards  in  SW.  part  of  Lake  Erie,  10  m. 
WNW.  from  Sandusky  Bay.  It  affords  tiie 
best  harbor  on  the  lake. 

PUTNAM,  CO.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Dutch. 
ess  CO.  E.  by  Connecticut,  S.  by  Westchester 
CO.  and  W.  by  the  Hudson  river.  Pop.  12,701. 
Chief  town,  Carmcl. 

PUTNAM,  v.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  oppc 
site  Zanesville,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
a  handsome  bridge.  Pop.  758.  It  is  a  flour- 
ishing town,  and  contains  an  academy,  and 
some  mills.  A  number  of  the  dwelling-houses 
are  handsomely  built  of  brick.  The  academy 
is  a  brick  building  of  two  stories. 

PUTNAM,  t.  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  28  m. 
N.  from  Sandy  Hill.  Pop.  718.  It  lies  on 
Lake  Champlain. 

PUTNAM,  CO.  Ohio,  bounded  by  Henry  N. 
Hancock  E.  Allen  S.  and  Vanwert  and  Paul- 
ding  W.  It  is  24  m.  square.  Pop.  230.  Chief 
town.  Sugar  Grove.  It  is  watered  by  the  Hog 
and  Blanchard's  rivers.  Surface,  generally 
level. 

PUTNAM,  CO.  Geo.  bounded  by  the  Oconee 
river,  or  Hancock  SE.  Baldwin  and  Jones  S. 
Jasper  W.  Morgan  N.  and  Oconee  river,  or 
Greene  NE.  Length  20  m.  mean  width  18. 
Pop.  in  182C,  15,475;  in  1830, 13,656.  Chief 
town,  Eatonton. 

PUTNEY,  t.  Windhain  co.  Vt  on  the  Con- 


384 


PYA— RAC 


nocticut,  33  m.  S.  from  Windsor.     Pop.  1,510. 
It  it*  n  |iI<-iiK!int  iiiul  lloiiriHliint;  town. 
I'YAAIATUNING,  t.  Mercer  co.  Pu. 


Q. 


from 


QUACIIA,  lake,  Louisiana,  7  m.  W 
New  OrlcnnH. 

QUAKAKK,  creek  in  Norflrimpton  co.  Pa. 
one  of  tho  liranciics  of  tlic  Lrliifjii  river. 

QUAI\i:il  IIILL,  V.  in  Pawlinij,  N.  Y. 

QUAKKirrOWN,  t.  IJucks  co.  Pa.  33  m. 
NNW.  fn.m  Pliilml<-li>liia. 

QUANTUM ),  r.  Prince  William  co.  Va.  runs 
Into  tho  Potomac,  4  m.  lx;low  Dun.lrics. 

QMANTK'O  MILLS,  v.  Somerset  co.  Md. 

QUAULKS villi;,  v.  Hnmswick  eo.  Va. 

QUElJiCC,  city,  and  cap.  ol'  Urilish  America, 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  St.  ('harles,  .350  ui.  from  the  sea. 
Pop.  al)out  21,000.  It  is  naturally  divided  into 
Ihi!  upper  and  lower  town.  The  upjicr  town 
is  huilt  on  a  hi^h  rock,  310  feet  above  the 
lower.  Its  |)osition,  with  its  fortifications,  ren- 
ders it  the  strnnnrest  niilitiiry  fortress  in  the 
country.  The  French  parish  church,  collejrc, 
barracks,  castle  of  St.  Louis,  and  Ursulinc  con- 
vent, arc  amonff  the  principal  buildings  that 
arrest  the  attention  of  the  stranger.  The  basin 
or  harbor  is  very  siiaeious,  with  a  depth  of  28 
fathoms.  Tlie  comtncrciiil  relations  arc  ex- 
tensive and  increasing. 

QUEECIIY,  r.  Vt.  rises  in  Sherburne,  and 
runs  into  the  Connecticut,  N.  of  Ilartland. 

QUEEN  ANN,  co.  Md.  bounded  N.  by  Kent 
CO.  E.  by  Delaware,  SE.  by  Caroline  co.  S.  by 
Talbot  CO.  and  \V.  by  ('iiesapcakc  Bay.  Poj). 
14,306.     ( 'hief  town,  Centreville. 

QUEEN  ANN,  t.  Prince  George  eo.  Md.  on 
the  Patuxent,  10  m.  SW.  i'roiii  Annapolis. 

QUEEN  CHARLOTTE  ISLANDS,  group 
of  islands  in  the  N.  Pacific,  explored  by  captain 
Carteret  in  1767.  The  most  considerable  he 
named  Eginont,  but  the  Sjjaniards  call  it  Santa 
C-ruz.  It  is  60  m.  long,  and  from  20  to  30 
broad,  woody  and  mountainous,  with  many 
valleys  intermixed.  Tho  inhabitants  are  very 
nimble,  vigorous,  and  active,  and  their  weapons 
are  bows  and  arrows  jiointed  with  flint.  On 
the  N.  side  is  a  harbor  named  Swallow  Bay. 
Lon.  161"26'E.;  lat.  10^  42' S. 

(iUEENS,  CO.  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Bay  of 
Fundy. 

QUEENS,  eo.  New  Bruii -wick,  on  both  sides 
of  vSt.  John's  river.     Chiel'  town,  Gagctown. 

QUEENSBOROUGII,  v.  Pendleton  district, 
130  m.  NVV.  from  Columbia. 

QUEENSBOROUGII,  small  village  in  Tus- 
caruwas  co.  Oliio,  13  m.  E.  by  N.  fiom  New 
Philadelphia.    Pop.  20. 

QUEENSBURY,  t.  Warren  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Hudson,  .')6  m.  N.  from  Albany.    Pop.  3,080. 

QUEEN'S  COUNTY,  co.  N.  Y.  in  W.  part 
of  liong  Island,  bounded  N.  by  Long  Island 
Sound,  E.  by  Suffolk  co.  S.  by  the  Atlantic,  and 
W.  by  King's  co.  Pop.  22,276.  Chief  town, 
North  Hempstead. 

QUEEN'S  CREEK,  r.  N.C.  runs  into  the 
Atlantic.    Loii.  77^  28'  W. ;  lat.  34^  37'  N. 
QUEENS  DALE,  v.  Rubcson  co.  N.C. 


QUEENSTOWN,U.C.  situated  upon  the 
Niagara  river,  alraut  7  m.  above  Newark.  Pop, 
400.  It  is  at  the  head  of  the  navigation  tiir 
shii)S,  and  the  portage,  occanionrd  by  the  Fall.-i 
of  Niagara,  which  commrnees  iiere.  H(  re  ih 
a  large  number  of  huts,  sullieient  to  (piarlir  a 
regiment. 

QUEENSTOWN,  t.  Queen  Ann's  co.  iSId. 
B.  from  ('liesapeake  Bay,  and  24  m.  NNW. 
from  Elision. 

QUI':MAH0NIN(;,  t.  Somerset  eo.  Pa. 

QUIORETARO,  city  of  Mexico,  and  eapitni 
of  the  state  of  the  same  name,  !).'>  m.  NW.  from 
the  city  of  Mexico.  Laf .  20^  36'  N. ;  Inn.  from 
W.  2:P  U'  W.  Pop.  4.5,000.  It  is  the  most 
exteirsive  manufacturing  city  of  Spanish 
America 

QUERETARO,  state  of  Mexico,  Imtinded 
S.  by  Mexico,  W.  by  Guanaxnato,  N.  by  San 
Luis  Potosi,  NE.  by  Vera  Ouz,  and  SE.  hy 
Pucbla.  Lengtli  from  E.  to  W.  160  in.  mean 
breadth  about  56;  area  13,482  s*].  ms.  Pop. 
nearly  800,000.  Querctaro  lies  between  lat. 
20-^  and  2P  ."JO'  N. 

QUIBLETOWN,  v.  Middlesex  co.  N.J.  G 
m.  N.  from  New  Brunswick. 

QUICKSAND,  r.  N.  A.  runs  N.  into  tlic 
Columbia,  nearly  op|)osite  to  Seal  river. 

QUICOURRE,  r.  La.  which  runs  into  the 
Missouri,  1,000  m.  from  the  Mississippi, 

QUINCEY,  V.  Morgan  co.  11. 

QUINCEY,  V.  -\dams  co.  11. 

QUINCY,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  9  m.  SE. 
from  Boston. .  Pop.  2,li)2.  Here  is  a  quarry 
of  excellent  granite,  much  used  ibr  building  in 
Boston  and  the  ncughborliood.  The  Quincy 
Rail-rond  extends  from  this  place  to  Neponsct 
river.  It  is  3  ni.  in  length,  with  a  single  track. 
It  was  constructed  in  1826,  and  was  the  first 
undertjiking  of  the  kind  in  America.  This  is 
a  pleasant  town,  and  is  remarkable  for  having 
been  the  birtli-place  of  two  Presidents  of  tiie 
U.  States,  John  Adams,  and  John  Quincy  Ad- 
ams.  It  is  at  present  (1832)  tlie  residence  of 
the  latter. 

QUINSIGAMOND,  or  Long  Pond,  lake, 
Mass.  between  Worcester  and  Shrew8l)ury.  It 
is  a  beautitiil  sheet  of  water,  about  5  m.  in 
lengtli,  and  from  60  to  100  rods  in  breadth,  and 
contains  a  number  of  small  islands. 

QUINTE,  a  bay  and  harbor  in  the  NE.  part 
of  Lake  Ontario,  a  little  to  the  W.  of  Kings- 
ton, 50  m.  long,  and  from  6  to  12  broad. 

R. 

RABUN,  NW.  eo.  Geo.  between  Chessatce 
and  (^■ltJd100che  rivers,  having  Habersham  E. 
and  Hall  SE.  This  is  the  NW.  co.  of  only 
that  part  of  Georgia,  reclaimed  from  the  In- 
dians, but  is  situated  near  100  m.  E.  from  the 
actual  NW.  angle  of  Georgia,  on  Tennessee  r. 
Pop.  2,175.    Chief  town,  Clayton. 

RACCOON,  t.  Gallia  co.  Ohio. 

RACCOON,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  thq, 
coast  of  S.  Carolina,  9  m.  long,  and  1  \vide. 
Lon.  7;P  22'  W. ;  lat.  33^  3'  N. 

RACCOON  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs 
into  the  Ohio,  6  in.  below  (Jallipolis.  Along 
the  borders  ol'  this  stream,  in  Atlicns  co.  arc 


.A 


icx  CO.  N.  J.  6 


ween  Chcssatco 
nuhcrehain  E. 

W.  CO.  of  only 

d  iroui  the  In- 
111.  E.  from  the 

on  Tennessee  r. 

ton. 


extensive  quarries  of  stone,  from  which  burr 
inill-stoncfl  of  excellent  tjudity  arc  nianufuc- 
lured.     Len|rth  .'>()  ni. 

KACC<X).\  CHKKK,  r.  Pa.  runs  into  tin 
Ohio.     Lon.  H)    -IV  W. ;  Int.  tO^  .'J,s'  N. 

KACtM  M )S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  Ussahaw 
Souiul,  lK'lon>rinfj  to(Jeorgia.  J.oii.  HI-'  I'S 
\\.;  lat.  aiMT'  N. 

UACCCMJN  KKVS,du8l(r  of  small  islands 
near  llie  coast  of  S.  ('.  Ijoii.  7U^  liV  \V.;  lat. 
at-  H'  N. 

RACI*:  rolNT.  eaiK>,  on  the  coast  of^Iass. 
W.  of  CaiK' Cwl.  l.on.  Til  I'J'  W. ;  lut.  IJ^ 
4'  N. 

HACK,  //«irrr,  small  isl.  near  llu  coast  of 
Va.     I.OI1.  75^  .W  \V. ;  lal.  'M    ilW  M. 

RACK,  I'ltjirr,  small  isl.  m  ar  the  coast  ol" 
Va.     Lon.  7;-)-  15'  W.;  lal.  37-^  il6'  N. 

RAt.'KHT,  r.  N.Y.  rises  near  the  sources 
of  the  Hudson,  and  flows  N.  into  the  St.  Law- 
rence, 2  m.  above  St.  R('j.fis. 

RACK  ETON,  v.  in  Louisville,  N.  Y.  at  the 
head  of  battcau  navig-ation  on  Racket  river,  ^0 
m.  from  its  confluence  with  the  St.  Lawrence, 
25  m.  E.  from  Ogdeiisburg. 

RAIIWAY,  t  Essex  co.  N.  J.  5  m.  SW. 
from  Elizabethtown.     Pop.  L'JbS. 

HAH  WAY,  small  river  or  creek  of  Essex 
and  Middlesex  cos.  N.  J.  lalls  into  Staten  Island 
Sound,  4  m.  from  Newark  Hay. 

RALNY  LAKE,  lake,  N.  America,  divided 
by  an  istlimus  near  the  middle,  into  two  ])arts. 
The  W.  part  is  eailcHl  the  Great  Rainy  J^ake, 
the  E.  the  Little  Rainy  Lake,  being  the  least 
division.  The  broadest  jiart  of  it  is  not  more 
than  2U  m. ;  its  length,  including  both,  about 
300  ui.  In  the  \V.  part  the  water  is  very  clear 
and  good,  and  sonic  excellent  lish  are  taken  in 
it.  A  great  many  fowls  resort  here  in  fiic  tall. 
Moose  deer  are  to  be  found  in  great  plenty, 
and  likewise  the  Carraboo,  whose  skin  is  high- 
ly valued  as  a  material  for  tlie  fabrication  of 
breeehes  and  gloves. 

RAINY  RIVER,  r.  II.  which  rises  near  the 
W.  border  of  Indiana,  flows  WNW.  and  joins 
the  Illinois. 

RAISIN,  r.  Michigan  Territory,  flows  into 
tlie  W.  end  of  Lake  Eric. 

R.VISIN,  r.  iMichigan  Territory,  flows  into 
Lake  Michigan,  16  ni.  N.  from  Barbicc.  It 
derives  its  name  from  the  great  quantities  of 
grapes  found  on  its  banks. 

RAISIN  ISLES,  in  Lake  St.  Francis,  U.  C. 
lie  between  tlie  mouth  of  the  river  aux  Raisins 
and  the  point  of  tliat  name ;  they  arc  small 
and  rocky. 

RAISINS,  Riviere  Aux,  runs  through  the 
townshijM  of  Osnabruck,  Cornwall,  and  Char- 
lottenburg,  cm|)tying  itself  into  Lake  St.  Fran- 
cis, near  the  SE.  angle  of  the  latter,  in  Corn- 
wall CO.  U.  C. 

RALEIGH, metropolis  of  N.C.  in  Wake  co. 
10  m.  from  Wake  court-house,  27  NVV.  from 
Smithfield,  the  nearest  jwint  of  navigation,  57 
S.  from  Warrenton,  60  N.  from  Fayettcville, 
164  SSW.  from  Ricimiond,  and  270  from  W. 
Lon.  78='  48'  W.;  lat.  3.>=  47'  N.  Pop.  1,700. 
It  contains  a  state-house,  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
a  governor's  houi>e,  a  miirket-liousc,  u  thcatj:c, 
8Y 


RAC— HAN 

state   hank,   and 


385 


a  branch  of  anothrr,  2 
academit  s,  1  fur  males  and  1  for  females,  3 
ehurehi's,  nnd  .'i  or  4  |irintiiig-olKecs.  Thu 
site  is  a  pleasant  and  elevated  one.  Union 
S|uare,  containing  1(1  acres,  occupies  the  cen- 
tre of  the  ti)\Mi.  l''r(im  the  sides  of  this  H(|uaro 
extend  I  slre(  ts,  each  'J'J  i'vt-l  wide,  whieii  di- 
vide tlie  town  into  4  quarters.  The  state- 
house  stands  in  the  ei  ntre  of  Union  Sjuare, 
and  is  a  sii|K'rb  cdilice  ol"  brick. 

RALl'.KMI,  v.  L Dion  eo.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio 
river,  .'J  m.  belnw  tlie  mouth  ot"  Wabasii,  and 
1(1  l>v  water  alioxe  Siiawncetowii. 

K.\.\l AH,  V.  Wilkiiuson  r(..(;eo.:{.1  m.  soutli- 
wardly  liom  .Milieilgeville. 

RA'MAI'AU(;H,  small  river,  Hergcn  co. 
N.. I.  rises  iu  N.Y.  in  Roekland  ca  flows  S. 
into  N.  .1.  and  joins  Long  Point  and  Pe(|uanock 
rivers  at  Pom|iton,  to  lorm  Pompton  rivet. 

RA.MAPAU(JH,  iron  works,  and  [Nt,  Hock- 
land  CO.  N.  Y.  on  liama|mugli  river,  35  m. 
nearly  N.  fiom  tlie  city  of  New  York. 

RAMAPO,  or  Hingwood,  r.  in  N.  Y.  and 
N.J.  a  branch  of  the  Passaic.  -Length  23  m. 

RAMAPO  WORKS,  v.  in  Hemiwtead, 
N.  Y.  on  RaniaiK)  river,  40  m.  N.  from  N.  Y- 
This  is  a  considerable  village,  containing  ex- 
tensive  iron  works,  and  some  mills. 

RAM  ISLAND,  isl.  in  Long  Island  Sound, 
ii(!ar  Southold  on  Long  Island. 

RAMSEY'S  FERRY,  v.  Livingston  co. 
Ken. 

RANDALLSTOWN,  v. 
42  m.  from  W. 

RANDALLSVILLE,  v. 
88  111.  SSW.  from  Raleigh. 

RANDOLPH,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  12  m, 
WSW.  from  Chelsea,  23  S.  from  Montiiclier, 
38  N.  from  Windsor.  Pop.  2,743.  This  is  a 
valuable  agricultural  town,  and  hiu  a  village 
containing  an  academy,  and  a  Congregational 
nieeting-honse.  There  is  on  extensive  bed  of 
iron  ore  in  this  town.  It  is  watered  by  tlie 
branches  of  \Vhito  river,  and  has  valuable 
mills  and  iron  works. 

RANDOLPH,  t  Norfolk  co,  Mass.  15  iq.  S. 
from  Boston.     Pop.  2,200. 

RANDOLPH,  t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
1,443. 

RANDOLPH,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.    Pop.  143. 

RANDOLPH,  CO.  NW.  part  of  Va.  bound- 
ed N.  by  Monongalia  eo.  E.  and  SE.  by  Pen- 
dleton to.  SW.  by  Greenbrier  and  Kcnhawa 
COS.  and  W.  by  Harrison  co.  It  is  watered  by 
the  head  waters  of  the  Monongahela.  Pop. 
.\000,  of  whom  374  arc  colored.  Chief  town, 
Beverly. 

RANDOLPH,  CO.  N.  C.  bouadcd  by  Moore 
SE.  Montgomery  S.  Rowan  W.  Guilford  N. 
and  Chatham  E.  It  is  36  in.  square.  It  is 
drained  by  Deep  river;  and  by  White  and 
Uwharee,  branches  of  Yadkin  river.  Its  eaat- 
ern  borders  are  about  55  in.  W.  from  Raleigh. 
Pop.  in  1820,  11,325;  in  1830,  12,400.  Chief 
town,  Ashborougli. 

RANDOLPH,  one  of  the  southern  towns 
of  Portage  eo.  Ohio.     Pop.  688. 

RANDOLPH,  t.  Montgomery  co.  dbb. 
Pop.  1,458. 


Baltimore  co.  Md. 
Robeson  00.  N.  C 


^• 


38G 


RAN— IIKU 


UANI)OI,l*H,  CO.  III.  JKiundcil  by  the  Htiito 
of  Ohio  K.  Wiiynu  co.  in  In.  S.  liy  lltnry  and 
Dcluwiiro  \V.  ami  IIk!  Fiuhiiii  country  on  the 
N.  L(!ii|Ttli  iilon;r  Ohio  'Mi  in.  iiu'iin  wi(hi:  l.l, 
area  .541)  S(|.  in.  .VlisHiHsiiiiwii  l)r.ini;h  of  Wa- 
baHh,  and  VVIiilo  river  hruncii  of  Miami,  rise 
in  thiB  CO.     Cliicf  lown,  WinchcsUr.     I'op.  in 

iwao,  i,rt()H;  ill  i«:ji),  :»,<(1:». 

RANDOIJMI,  CO.  il.  iKjmid.d  by  the  MiH- 
iiiHsi|i|ii  river  ."^W.  Monroe  co.  W.  Sl.Chiir  ami 
Wiisliinirton  N.  .lellersoii  anil  l''ranidin  I'),  ami 
Jackson  SK.  Ijeiiirlh  ^1  in.  mean  width  !(>. 
Kasloiskias  river  |>ai«scK  through,  and  enters 
the  Misiiissi|i|>i  ill,  this  CO.  ('Iiief  town,  Kas- 
kaskias.  Fop.  in  1«:2(»,  :i,'lU'i;  in  1830,  \,VMi. 
'  RANDOM,  t.  Ksscx  co.  Vt58  in.  NE,  from 
Mont[>elier.     Fop.  1  ().'). 

RANSOM'S  IJRllxa:,  V.  Halitlix  co.  N.  C. 

RAPID  ANN,  r.  Vu.  rises  in  tlio  Hluc 
Ridge,  ill  Madison  and  Orange  cos.  between 
which,  the  main  brancli  by  tlie  name  of  don- 
way  river,  Aowb  SE.  to  the  SE.  Mountain : 
turns  tiicnce  NE.  between  Madison  and  Or- 
ange, and  between  Orange  and  CJuliiciKjr,  and 
afterwards  between  Culpeiier  and  Spottsylva- 


RAYMOND,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  If.  Pop- 

l,(l(l(t.  "^ 

KAY  Nil  AM,  t.  Uristo!  co.  MasH.  on  Tniin- 
ton  river,  ."»  in  I',,  t'roin  Taunton,  3:2  S.  from 
Hostoii.  Fo|).  !,!.'()!•.  Large  quantities  of  ex- 
cellent iron  on;  are  found  in  this  town;  and 
eonsideraiile  (luantities  of  bar  iron,  hollow  ware, 
nails,  shoviils,  Ac.  are  nianufaeture<i  here. 
'I'Ik!  first  t'orgi!  in  America  was  set  up  in  tliiH 
town  by  .lames  and  Henry  Leonard,  natives 
of  lOiiglamI,  in  ICi.VJ. 

READKIKLI),  t.  Kennebeckco.  Me.  13  m. 
W.  troiii  Augusta,  Ui5  NNE.  from  Itoston. 
Fop.  1,HS4. 

KEADINd,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  12  m.  W. 
Iroiii  Windsor.     I'op.  1,40'J. 

READING,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  11  ni. 
WSW.  from  Salcni,  12  N.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
l,y()().  This  town  is  noted  tor  its  cxtciiBivo 
manufactories  of  Hhoes. 

REAI)IN(j!,  SouM,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mas*. 
11  in.  N.  from  Hoston.  It  was  ibrined  from  a 
part  of  Reading  in  1812,  and  contains  1,310 
inhabitants. 

READING,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  15  m.  NNW. 


nia,  and  joins  the  Rappahannock  10  m.  above  from  Fairfield.     Pop.  1,709. 


Fredericksburg. 

RAPIDIiS,  parish,  La.  bounded  by  Oiielou- 
SBB  S.  Natchitoches  W.  and  NW.  Washita  and 
Ocatahoola  N.  Concordia  E.  and  Avoyelles  SE. 
Length  55  m.  mean  width  4.3.  The  surface 
considerably  varied.  Chief  town,  Alexandria. 
Pop.  in  1820,  6,065 ;  in  1830,  7,559. 

RAPID  PLAT,  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
in  front  of  the  t.  of  Matilda,  containing  about 
200  acres.  The  soil  is  good,  and  lies  partly  in 
front  of  the  t.  of  Williamsburg,  U.  C. 

RAPPAHANNOCK,  navigable  river,  Va. 
which  rises  in  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  runs  ESE. 
about  130  m.  and  Hows  into  the  Chesapeake 
35  m.  S.  of  the  Potomac.  It  is  navigable  for 
vessels  of  130  or  140  tons  to  Fredericksburg, 
110  m.  from  its  mouth. 

RARITAN,  r,  N.  J.  formed  by  2  branches, 
which  unite  about  20  m.  above  New  Bruns- 
wick. Its  general  course  is  S.  of  E.  It  is  a 
remarkably  crooked  stream,  as  well  as  nar 
row,  but  so  deep  that  it  is  navigable  for  heavy 
sloops  and  steam-boats  to  New  Brunswick,  17 
m.  from  Raritan  Bay,  through  which  it  com- 
municates with  tlie  ^Atlantic,  soutli  of  Statcn 
Island. 

RARITAN,  bay  of  N.  Y.  and  N.  J.  opens 
in  a  triangular  form  between  tlie  moutlis  of 
Raritan  andwHudson  rivers. 

RATTLESNAKE  ISLANDS,  cluster  of 
small  islands  at  W.  extremity  of  Lake  Eric. 

RATTLESNAKE  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  Mass. 
in  N.  part  of  jStockbridge,  about  1,000  feet 
high. 

RATTLESNAKE  FORK,  a  branch  of 
Point  Creek,  Ohio. 

RAVENNA,  t.  and  cap.  Portage  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  Cuyahoga,  25  m.  N.  from  Canton,  35 
SE.  from  Cleveland,  .320  from  W.  Lat.  41°  11' 
N;  It  contains  the  county  buildings,  and  a  wool- 
len manufact(jry,  which  is  situated  ou  tlie  wu 
ten  of  the  Cuyahoga.    Pop.  806. 


READING,  t.  Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  23  m.  NE. 
from  Bath.  Pop,  1,568.  It  lies  on  W.  side  of 
Seneca  Lake. 

READING,  bor.  and  cap.  Berks  co.  Pa.  on 
the  Schuylkill,  54  m.  NW.  from  Philadelphia, 
143  from  W.  Pop.  5,859.  It  is  a  very  picas- 
ant  and  flourishing  town,  and  contains  a  court- 
house, a  jail,  2  banks,  a  large  edifice  for  the 
public  offices,  and  5  or  6  churches,  for  Luther, 
ans,  Calvinists,  Roman  Catholics,  and  Friends. 
It  contains  many  elegant  houses,  is  surround- 
ed by  fine  scenery,  and  has,  in  its  vicinity, 
many  valuable  mill-seats.  Its  inhabitants  are 
principally  Germans,  and  tlieir  descendants. 
It  is  remarkable  for  the  manufacture  of  hats. 
Near  the  town  there  is  a  large  and  remarka- 
ble spring  of  pure  water. 

READING,  t.  BuUer  co.  Ohio. 

READING,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  8  m.  N. 
from  Cincinnati.    Pop.  200. 

READING,  t.  Perry  co.  Ohio. 

READINGTON,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J.  II 
in.  SE.  from  Lebanon.     Pop.  2,102. 

READSBOROUGH,  t.  Clearfield  co.  Pa. 

RE-ADYVILLE,  t.  Rutherford  co.  Ten. 

REAMSTOWN,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  16  m. 
NE.  from  Lancaster. 

RED  BANK,  fort,  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  on 
the  Delaware,  9  m.  S.  fi-om  Philadelphia. 

RED  BANK,  v.  Colleton  district,  S.  C. 

REDBANK,  t.  Armstrong  co.  Pa. 

RED  BLUFF,  v.  Claiborne  co.  Miss. 

REDFIELD,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.Y.  35  m. 
NNW.  from  Rome,  148  NW.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  341. 

RED  HOOK,  v.  m  Rhinebeck,  N.  Y.  on  E. 
bank  of  the  Hudson,  47  m.  S.  from  Albany. 

RED  HOUSE,  v.  Caswell  co.  N.C. 

RED  LAKE,  lake,  N.  America.  This  is 
comparatively  a  small  lake,  at  the  head  of  a 
branch  of  the  Red  river;  its  form  is  nearly 
round,  and  about  60  miles  in  circumference. 


% 


RRD-RIIl 


887 


i.  II.  Pop. 

nn  'I'niin- 
H-J  S.  tri)in 
itics  of  cx- 
ti)wn ;  and 
ollow  wurf, 
urfd  hero, 
t  ii|)  in  tliiB 
ird,  natives 

I.  Mo.  12  m. 
oil)   lioston. 

t.  12  m.  W. 

MiiKS.  11  ni. 
loHlon.  Pop. 
its  cxtcnsivo 

;x  CO.  Mass. 
)rincd  from  a 
mtaini)  1,310 

15m.NNW. 

Y.  23  m.  NE. 
on  W.  side  of 

rks  CO.  Pa.  on 

i  Pliiladelphia, 
s  a  very  plcas- 
intains  a  court- 
edifice  for  the 
es,  for  Luther- 
,  and  Friends. 
J,  is  Burround- 
n  its  vicinity, 
nhabitants  are 
descendants. 
Lcture  of  hats. 
and  remarkii- 


Ohio,  8  m.  N. 


on  CO.  N.  J.  11 

102. 

field  CO.  Pa. 

rd  CO.  Ten. 

r  CO.  Pa.  16  m. 

r  CO.  N.  J.  on 
ladelphia. 
rict,  S.  C. 

Pa. 
Miss. 

N.Y.  35  m. 

from  Albany. 

|:k,N.Y.onE. 
torn  Albany. 

,N.C. 
Irica.    This  is 
Ithe  head  of  a 
Iform  is  nearly 
IcircumfowB'*' 


Oi^  OMO  lido  of  it  is  a  tolerably  larf^e  island, 
close  by  which  a  small  river  enters.  It  is  nl- 
niost  SK.  from  I.iilu'  W'inniiH'jj,  and  SW.  from 
the  Lake  of  the  Woods.  J,on.  'JJJ  10'  W. ; 
lat.  47^  40'  N. 

RED  LK'K,  salt  spring  in  Uic  state  of  Ken. 
32  ni.  E.  from  Stamford. 

RED  SHOAL,  V.  Stokes  co;  N.C. 
REDSTON1-;  t.  Fayette  co.  Pa. 
RED  RIVER,  r.  which  risi-s  in  Kcnfunky, 
and  runs  into  tlieC'nnila'riaiid  in  'rennesHi-c,  a 
little  IhUow  Cnurkcsvillc. 

RED  RIVER,  r.  Kentneky,  which  runs  VV. 
into  the  Kentucky,  i)  miles  above  Uoonsbo- 
rough. 

RED  RIVER,  one  of  the  most  (vmsidcrahle 
tributaries  of  the  Missiwsippi,  and  the  first  from 
its  moutliof  any  imiKirtuiici-,  whicii  it  receives 
on  the  W.  about  400  miles  above  New  Orleans, 
It  takes  its  rise  in  a  chain  of  hills  near  .Santa 
Fe,  in  N(!w  Mexico,  called,  we  know  not  by 
what  authority,  the  Caous  Mountains.     In  its 
upper  courses  it  receives  Hlue  river,  and  False 
Washita.     It  winds  through  a  region  of  prai- 
ries, on  which  feed  droves  of  burtiilocs,  cattle, 
and  wild  horses.     In  these  regions  it  receives 
a  great  many  considerable   trii)utaries,   the 
nanx^s  of  which  have  not  yet   been  given. 
Through  the  greater  part  of  its  course,  Red 
river  winds  through  immeiise  prairies  of  a  red 
soil  covered  with  grass,  and  vines  that  bear  de- 
licious grajics.     On  its  banks  is  the  favorite 
range  of  the  buffalo,  and  other  game,  peculiar 
to  the  vast  western  ocean  of  prairies.    About 
thirty  leagues  above  Natchitoches,  commences 
the  Raft,  which  is  nothing  more  than  a  broad 
swampy  expansion  of  the  alluvion  of  the  river 
to  the  width  of  20  or  30  miles.     The  river, 
spreading  here  into  a  vast  number  of  channels, 
frequently  shallow,  of  course,  has  been  for  ages 
clogging  with  a  compact  mass  of  timber,  and 
fallen  trees,  wafted  from  the  upper  regions. 
Between  these  masses  the  river  has  a  ehaiinel, 
sometimes  lost  in  a  lake,  and  found  by  tbllow- 
ing  tlie  outlet  of  that  lake  back  to  the  parent 
channeL    There  is  no  stage  of  the  water,  in 
which  a  keel-boat,  with  an  t;xperienced  pilot, 
may  not  make  its  way  through  the  raft.    Wc 
have  seen  a  considerable  steam-boat,  which 
was  built  above  the  raft,  and  lloated  through  it 
in  an  unfinished  state.     The  river  is  blocked 
up  by  this  immense  mass  oi"  timber  for  a  length, 
by  its  meanders,  of  between  GO  and  70  miles. 
There  are  places  where  the  water  ran  be  seen 
in  motion  under  the  logs.    In  other  places,  the 
whole  width  of  the  river  may  be  crossed  on 
iiorseback,  and  boats  only  make  their  way,  in 
pnssing  these  places,  by  following  tlie  inlet  of 
a  lake,  and  coasting  it  to  its  outlet,  .and  thus 
finding  the  channel  again.     VVe(>ds,  flowering 
shruhs,  and  small   willows,  have  taken  root 
u|)on  the  surface  of  this  timber,  niui  flourish 
above  the  waters.     But  in  all  tlicsc  places  the 
courses  of  the  river,  its  outline,  and  its  Iwnds, 
are  distinctly  marked  by  a  margin  of  forest 
trees,  which  grow  here  on  the  banks  in  the 
same  manner  as  they  do  where  the  channel  is 
open.     It  is  an  impediment  uf  iiicalciilablt^  in- 
jury to  the  navigation  of  this  nohio  rivec,  and 


the  immense  extent  of  fine  country  alxsvo  it. 
'I'liere  is,  prohahly,  no  part  of  the  United  States 
where  the  iiiuiceii|)icd  lamls  have  higher  claims, 
from  soil,  climate,  intermixture  of  prairies  and 
timbered  laii<ls,  iMisilion,and  every  inducement 
to  |M)piilation,  than  the  country  lietwcen  tho 
liait  and  Kimiehie.  This  country  would  bo 
settled  with  greater  rapidity,  were  it  not  tor 
the  obstriietion  which  this  raft  opjKises  to  tlio 
navigation  of  the  river.  Tho  state  has  made 
an  etfort  to  hav«!  it  removed.  Accurate  sur- 
veys of  if  have  been  made,  and  the  general 
government  has  made  an  appropriation  Ibr  tliis 
pur|)ose.  The  river  aliovc  the  rafl  becomes 
broad,  deep,  and  navigable  lor  steam-boats  in 
moderat(!  stages  of  the  water,  1,000  miles  to- 
war<ls  the  mountains.  Below  the  rat\,  as  we 
have  remarked,  the  rivi  r  divides  itself  inU) 
many  channels,  and  fills  such  a  number  of 
bayous  and  lakes,  that  lie  parallel  to  the  river, 
that  the  bare  emmieratinn  of  their  names  would 
carry  us  licyond  our  limits. 

REEDSHOROUOll,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt. 
1.')  m.  SE.  tiom  Bennington. 

REEDY  CREEK,  r.  N.J. which  runs  into 
Uie  Atlantic,  Ion.  74°  16'  W. ;  lat  39°  55'  N. 

REEDY  ISLAND,  isl.  in  the  river  Dela- 
ware,  20  m.  from  Bombay  Hook,  and  50  below 
Philadelphia ;  3  ni.  long,  and  \  broad. 

REEL  FOOT,  r.  Ten.  which  runs  into  the 
Mississippi,  about  35  m.  S.  of  the  Ohio. 

IJEESVILLE,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  3  m. 
a  little  W.  of  S.  and  on  the  opposite  side  of 
Schuylkill  river  from  Norristown,  and  10  NW. 
from  Philadelphia. 

REHOBOTH,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  on  E. 
side  of  tho  Seckhonk,  15  m.  WSW.  from  Taun- 
ton, 37  SW.  from  Boston.     Pop.  2,468. 

R EIIOBOTII  BAY,  of  Uie  Atlantic  Ocean, 
lirlonging  to  Sussex  co.  Del.  It  has  the  same 
inlet  with  Indian  river. 

REHRERSBl'Rt;,  or  Rchrerstown,  v.  in 


the  N  W.  part  of  Ikrks  co.  Pa.  46  m.  a  little  N. 
of  E.  from  Ilarrisburg,  15  NE.  from  Lebanon. 

REID.SVILLE,  v.  Pendleton  district,  S.C. 

REISTERSTOWN,  v.  BalUmore  co.  Md. 
15  m.  NW.  from  Baltimore- 

REMBERTSTON,  t.  Sumpter  district,  S.C. 

REMSEN,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  107  m.  NW. 
from  Albany.    Pop.  1,400. 

RENSSELAER,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by 
Washington  co.  E.  by  Vermont  and  Massachu- 
setts, S.  by  Columbia  co.  and  VV.  by  the  Hud- 
son.   Pop.  4!),472.     Chief  town,  Troy. 

RENSSELAER,  v.  in  Berlin,  N.Y.  12  m. 
R.  from  Albany.  Here  is  an  extensive  manU' 
factory  of  glass. 

RENSSELAERVILLE,  t  Albany  co.  N.Y. 
24  m.  SW.  from  Albany.     Pop.  3,689. 

REI'UBLICVILLF^  v.  Clarke  co.  Al. 

R  E YNOLDSBURG,  v.  Humphrey  ca Ten. 

RHEA,  ca  Ten.  bounded  by  M'Minn  SE. 
the  Cherokee  lands  and  Hamilton  co.  SW. 
Bledsoe  W.  and  NW.  and  Rowan  NE.  Length 
30  m.  mean  width  20,  Pop.  in  1820,  4,215; 
in  18.30,  !S,182.    Chief  town,  Washington. 

RMEATOWN,  v.  Greene  co.  Ten.  E.  from 

Nasliviile. 

RIIl  N  EDECK,  t.  Diitchcss  co.  N.  Y.  on  E. 


^-#- 


m 


388 


TITII— Rin 


■i(io  of  tho  ITiidwin,  Ifl  m.  N.  from  Poiifjliltccii. 
flio,  07  S.  from  All)aiiy.  I'np.  y,!)-"«M.  'I'Imt.' nrr 
4  Iniulin^rH  on  llii^  Ifiiilstui  in  this  town,  iwiil 
till!  (rndc  ia  conHidcrulili;.  llcru  in  u  remark- 
able cnvrrn. 

RIIINPXroWN,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.  20 
m.  W.  from  I'ctrrsburg. 

RHODE  ISr.ANU,  one  of  the  U.  K.  See 
pogo  .v.), 

R[r()F)K  ISLAND,  isl.  of  the  U.  S.  a  part 
of  R.  I.  Ntnte,  and  frotn  wliieli  that  Hmali  niem- 
ber  of  our  confederacy  takes  itn  name.  It  is 
J5  m.  loup,  mean  width  of  ii.J,  and  is  iiieliidcd 
in  Ncw|)ort  eo.  This  island  recM'ived  its  naini' 
from  the  Dutch,  and,  contrary  to  common 
opinion,  nienns  Red  hliind. 

RHODE  RIVER,  r.  S.  C.  whieli  runs  into 
the  NW.  branch  of  (^ape  Fear  river. 

RIAPA  CREEK,  r.  Miss,  which  runs  into 
tho  Mississippi,  ."irJ  m.  hetow  Natchez. 

RICEROR()lJ(;n,  t.  and  cap.  Liberty  co. 
Geo.  on  >fevv|)ort  river;  .33  m.  .S\V.  from  .Sa- 
vannah, 692  from  W.  It  contains  about  40 
houses. 

RICEVILLE,  V.  Rowan  co.  Ten. 
RICIIARDSONVILLF;  v.  Edirefield  dis- 
trict, S.  C.  74  m.  W.  from  Cohiml)ia. 

RICHELIEIT,  CO.  T-.  C.  on  St.  Lawrence 
and  Richelieu  rivers,  and  extendinij  SE.  from 
the  former,  to  the  N.  Iniundary  ot"  Vermont. 

RICHFIELD,  NE.  t.  Medina  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  G-W. 

RICHFIELD,  t.  Otseffo  co.  N.  Y.  13  m. 
NW.  from  Coopcrstown,  73  VV.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  I,7.'i2. 

RICHFORD,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  18  m.  N. 
from  Montpelier.     Pop.  704. 
RICHFORD,  v.  Tiofra  co.  N.  Y. 
RICH  HIT,L,  t.  in  the  eastern  part  of  Mus- 
kingum CO.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,363. 
RICHHILL,  t.  Greene  co.  Pa. 
RICHLAND,  central  district  of  S.C.  on  the 
peninsula  between  the  Watcreo  and  Con2:aree 
rivers,  with  Fairfield  and  Kershaw  districts  N. 
Length  40  m.  mean  width  12.    Chief  town, 
Columbia. 

RICHLAND,  CO.  Ohio,  bounded  N.  by  Hu- 
ron, E.  by  Wayne,  S.  by  Knox,  and  W.  by 
Marion  and  Crawford  cos.  It  is  30  m.  square. 
Chief  town,  Mansfield.  Pop.  in  1820,  9,169 ; 
in  1830,  24,007. 

RICHLAND,  V.  Onslow  co.  N.  C. 
RICHLAND,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.  Y.  on  E.  end 
of  Lake  Ontario,  S.'j  m.  NW.  from  Utica.   Pop. 
2,733. 

Belmont  co.  Ohio, 


RICHMAN'S  ISLAND,  «ma!l  Island  ort 
the  coast  of  .Muiiic,  3  m.  \.  from  Portland.. 

inCIIMOM),  t.  <'hiltenden  eo.  Vl. 'JH  m. 
\V.N\V.  from  .Montpelier,  499  from  W.  Pop. 
1,109, 

RICHMOND,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
IHI. 

RICHMOND,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  II. 


RICHLAND,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
3,747. 

RICHLAND,  t.  Clinton  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,664. 

RICHLAND,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio.  Poi). 
1,537. 

RICHLAND,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,824. 

RICHLAND,  district,  central  part  of  S.  C. 
Pop.  11,465,    Chief  town,  Columbia. 

RICHLAND,  r.  Ten.  It  passes  by  Pulaski, 
and  is  navigable  from  that  town  to  its  junction 
with  Elk  river,  12  in.     Length  70  m. 

RICHLAND,  V.  Giles  co.  Ten. 


12  ni. 
S.  from  Kcene,  88  WSW.  from  Portsmouth. 
Pop.  I, .'KM. 

RKWIMOXD,  t.  B.  rkshire  co.  Mass.  7  m. 
W.  from  f.enox,  10  WSW.  from  Piltstield,  i;)(l 
W.  from  Most.m.     Pop.  H||. 

incnMOND,  t.  Washington  no.  R.  LIH 
111.  \V.  from  N(  \v|)ort.     Pop.  i,3()2. 

RICHMOND,  V.  and  seat  of  justice.  Rich- 
mond  eo.  N.  Y.  near  the  ctintrc;  of  Staten  Isl- 
and,  6  in.  .SW.  from  the  Lazaretto. 

RICHMOND,  t.  h'  uate  on  the  head  of  a 
small  stream,  to  which  it  gives  name,  alKnit  2 
m.  W.  of  Delaware  river,  in  Northampton  co. 
Pa. 
RICiniOND.t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio.  Pop.231. 
RR'HMOND,  CO.  N.  Y.  oecupyintr  nil 
.Staten  Island.  Pop.  7,0t<4.  Chief  town,  Rich, 
iiinnd. 

RK^iniOND,  CO.  Va.  bounded  N.  by  West- 
moreland eo.  NE.  by  Westmoreland  and  Nortli- 
unilKTland  eos.  ,SIO.  by  Lancaster  eo.  and  SW. 
by  the  Ra|)pnhannoek.     Pop.  6,056. 

RICHMOND,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  Hem. 
lock  and  Honeoyc  Lakes,  15  m.  SW.  Iroia 
('anandaigiia.     Pop.  1,876. 

RICHMOND,  city,  iwrt  of  entry,  and  mc 
tro|)olis  of  Virginia,  in  Henrico  co.  on  the  .V. 
side  of  James  river,  Iwtween  50  and  60  m.  Iiy 
the  course  of  the  river,  above  City  Point,  and 
150  in.  from  its  mouth,  immediately  below  tlui 
F;il!s,  at  the  head  of  tide-water,  and  opposite 
Manchester,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  3 
bridges;  25  m.  N.  from  Petersburg,  123  m.  \V. 
of  S.  from  W.  Lon.  77°  31'  W. ;  lat.  37°  30' 
N.  The  situation  is  alike  picturesque,  salii- 
brious,  and  beautiful.  The  jiosition  is  I'avorn- 
hlc  for  commerce,  it  being  the  natural  deptof 
tobacco,  wheat,  and  hemp,  raised  in  the  popu- 
lous country  watered  by  the  river.  An  abun- 
dance of  mineral  coal  is  cheaply  conveyed  to 
it.  It  contains  13  public  buildings,  and  8 
churches,  together  with  a  number  of  respecta- 
ble  manufactories.  The  Ca|)itol,  the  Peniten- 
tiary, and  the  beautiful  church  raised  on  the 
ruins  of  the  theatre,  in  tho  conflagration  of 
which  70  citizens  perished,  are  beautiful  ami 
cons|)icuous  erections.  The  new  Court-Housc 
is  also  a  spacious  and  elegant  building.  The 
Virginia  Armory  is  an  extensive  establish- 
ment. The  river  has  been  rendered  boatiblc 
230  111.  alxive  the  city.  This  town  owns  a  re- 
spectable amount  of  shipping,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  flourishing  places  in  the  state.  Pop.  in 
1*20,  12,046;  in  1830, 16,085. 

RICHMOND,  CO.  N.  C.  bounded  by  S. 
Carolina  SW.  Yadkin  river  W.  Montgomery 
and  Moore  N.  Cumberland  E.  and  Rolieson 
SE.  Length  45  m.  Chief  town,  Rocking- 
ham.   Pop.  in  1820,  7,537 ;  in  1830,  9,326. 

RICHMOND,  CO.  Geo.  Chief  town,  Au- 
gusta.    Pop.  11,644. 


-%- 


» 


RIC— ROC 


:m 


bounded  by  S. 
W.  Montgomery 
E.  and  Robeson 

town,  Rocking- 
n  1830,  9,326. 
Chief  town,  Au- 


RICHMOND,  V.  Wnynn  co.  In.  63  m.  K. 
from  lnclinnn[M)li«. 

RICHMOND,  V.  imd  m%n  of  jiislic.-,  .Madi- 
Hon  CO.  Ken.  30  ni.  HKK.  from  Lcxiiiutnii,  .'i.'J 
8E.  from  Frunkfort,  und  537  from  \V.  Pop. 
947. 

RICHMOND,  C.  II.  Richmond  co.  Va.  6U 
m.  NE.  from  Richmond. 
RICHMOND,  V.  Henry  CO.  AI. 
RICHMOND,   t.   Rons   ro.  Ohio,  on   Salt 
crcHik,  14  m.  SE.  from  ChilHcothc.     Pop-  —'• 
RU;HM0NDVH,LE,  v.  Scholmrio  co.  N. 
Y.  .36  m.  wcHtrrly  from  Albany. 

RICHVVtK)DS,  V.  Morgan  co.  Va.  D8  m. 
NVV.  from  W. 

RIDEAU,  river  of  Canada,  a  BOUtJiern 
branch  of  the  Ottawa. 

RIIKJE,  V.  St.  Mnrv'8  co.  Md. 

RIIKJE,  V.  FAlffcfuId  <liHtrict,  S.  C. 

RID(;EFIELD,  t.  Fairfidd  co.  Ct.  13  m.  N. 
from  Norwalk.  Pop.  2,3^3.  It  has  an  ele- 
vated Rituation,  and  afrbrdfl  a  good  view  of 
Long  Iflland  Sound,  which  iH  14  m.  diHtant. 

RIDGEFIELD,  t  Huron  co.  Ohio,  Pop. 
842. 

RIDGEVILLE,  t.  Warren  co.  Oliio.  Pop. 
67. 

RIGA,  t.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  on  W.  side  of 
the  Genesee,  20  m.  NE.  from  Batavia.  Pop. 
1,908. 

RIGOLET,  r.  La.  which  is  formed  hy  tlio 
junction  of  the  Sabine  and  Black  Lake  nvtrs, 
and  unites  with  the  Red  river,  about  25  m. 
NVV.  from  Alpxandria. 

RIGOLETS,  r.  or  channel,  which  forms  a 
communication  between  Lakes  Ponchortrain 
and  Rorgne.     Length  8  or  10  m. 

RILEY,  t.  Oxford  co.  Mc.  30  m.  NVV.  from 
Paris.     Pop.  57. 

RINDGE,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  II.  on  W.  side 
of  New  Ipswich,  18  m.  SR.  from  Kf  eni',  .'j5 
NVV.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,360.  Tlicre  are 
in  this  town  13  ponds,  the  largest  of  which 
contains  200  acres. 

RING  ISLAND,  small  island,  near  the 
coast  of  Mass.  a  little  to  the  E.  of  Newbury- 
port 

RINGO'S  TOWN,  v.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J. 
15  m.  NW.  from  Trenton. 

RIPLEY,  t  Chatauquc  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
1,647. 

RIPLEY,  t.  Brown  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Ohio, 
at  the  mouth  of  White  Oak  creek,  12  m.  below 
Maysville.    Pop.  572. 

RIPLEY,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  176. 

RIPLEY,  t  Bond  co.  II.  on  Shoal  creek,  10 
m.  from  Pcrrysville,  20  from  Edwardsville. 
Here  are  valuable  mills.  Near  tlio  town  there 
is  a  salt  spring,  and  a  coal  mine  7  miles  dis- 
tant 

RIPLEY,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.    Pop.  644. 

RIPLEY,  CO.  In.  bounded  by  Fayette  NVV. 
Franklin  N.  Dearborn  E.  Switzerland  SE. 
Jefferson  S.  and  Jennings  W.  Length  27  m. 
mean  width  16.  It  is  an  elevated  tract,  from 
which  the  streams  flow  in  various  directions 
into  Ohio  and  Wabash  rivers.  Chief  town, 
Versailles.  Pop.  in  1820,  1,822;  in  1830, 
3,957. 


|{  I PTON,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  31  tn.  SW.  fWun 

VI(Mit|Kli(r.     Pop.  "JTM. 

KIS|\(;  Sl\.  V.  Ceeil  rn.  Md. 
KISINc;  SI  N,  t.  DiarlKirii  to.  In.  finely 
sitiialcd  oil  the  stcond  bank  of  the  Ohio,  with 
a  gradual  desrnil  to  the  river.  It  is  half-way 
iK'tweea  Vevay  and  Lawrencebiirg,  aixl  con- 
tains aliout  500  iiilinbitaiits. 

KIVANNA,  r.  Va.  wliieh  runs  SE.  intotho 
river  Jani< «,  at  ( 'oliiiiibiii.  It  is  navigable  for 
bateaux  upwards  of  20  m. 

IMVKHHKAD,  t.  and  cap.  Suffolk  eo.  N.  Y. 
on  Long  Island  .Sound,  !M)  m.  K.  from  N.  York. 
Pop.  2,(116.  It  eoiitains  several  villages,  which 
are  disiiiiguislied  by  ioeal  names,  the  county 
buildings,  sonic  maiiiifaetiires,  and  4  or  5 
houses  fil'  piililic  worsliiji,  for  Congregational- 
ists  and  Presbyterians. 

RIVKKHKAD,  V.  New  London  co.  Ct.  50 
m.  from  llarflbrd. 

KIXEYVILLE,  v.  Cul|)rper  co.  Va.  67  m. 
SW.  from  VV.  and  117  NNVV.  from  Riehmond. 
ROANE,  CO.  Ten.  l)oiinded  by  Blount  E. 
M'Minn  SE.  Rhea  SW.  Morgan  NW.  Andcr- 
son  N.  and  Knox  NE.  Length  30  m.  mean 
width  20.  The  two  great  branches  of  Ten- 
nessec  river,  the  Tennessee  proper,  and  IIol- 
Hton,  imite  in  this  county.  Pop.  in  ItlJO,  7,895; 
in  1H.30,  1 1, .340. 

ROAN'S  CREKK,  v.  Carter  co.  Ten. 
ROANOKE,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the 
coast  of  N.  Carolina,  at  the  entrance  into  Albe- 
marle Sound,  with  a  town  of  the  same  name. 
Lon.  76=  W.;  hit.  35=  .'>()'  N. 

ROANOKE,  r.  N.  C.  which  is  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  Staunton  and  the  Dan,  tho 
former  of  which  rises  in  Virginia,  and  the  lat- 
ter in  N.  Carolina,  and  flows  into  Albemarle 
.Sound.  Lat.  .3.P  5H'  N.  It  is  navigable  for 
vessels  of  eoiisidcralile  burden  3(1  or  40  m.  and 
tor  lioats  of  3(1  or  40  tons  to  the  Falls,  70  m. 
and  for  boats  of  5  tons  for  the  distance  of  200 
in.  above  the  Falls. 

ROANOKE,  Little,  r.  Va.  which  runs  into 
the  Staunton, 

ROANOKE,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va.  150 
m.  SW.  from  Richmond. 

ROANOKE  INLET,  channel  on  the  coast 
of  N.  Carolina,  which  leads  into  Albemarle 
Sound. 

ROARING  RIVER,  r.  Ten.  which  runs 
into  the  Cumberland,  below  01)cds. 

ROBBINSTON,  t.  Washington  co.  Mc.  490 
m.  NE.  from  Boston.    Pop.  616. 

ROHERTSON,  co.  Ten.  bounded  by  Ken- 
tucky  N.  Sumner  E.  Davidson  S.  Dickson  SW. 
ind  Montgomery  VV.  Length  40  m.  mean 
width  15.  Chief  town,  Springfield.  Pop.  in 
1820,  9,!)3S;  in  1830,  1.3,302. 

KOHESON,  CO.  N.  C.  bounded  by  S.  Caro- 
Una  S\V^  Richland  eo.  VV.  ("umberland  N. 
Bladen  E.  Columbus  SE.  Length  33  m.  mean 
width  25.  Chief  town,  Luinljerton.  Pop.  in 
1820,  8,204  ;  in  1830,  9,355. 

R(K;HELliFJ,  New,  t.  Westchester  co. 
N.  Y.  on  Long  Island  Sound,  21  m.  NNE. 
from  New  York.  Pop.  1,274.  Here  is  an 
academy. 

ROCHESTER,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  II.  on  W. 


ill 


?',•'■ 


i 


800 


ROC— ROC 


i 


•uh  of  flolmon  Fall  river,  5W  m.  NW.  fVom 
I'orl'imoiith.  Pop. 'J, I. W.  Ntur  tlui  cciifrfiof 
thr  town,  tlicrr  Ih  u  villiiifo  ciillnl  Norway 
riainM,  roiituiitini;  a  iiicrtiiiir-lmuM-,  a  court- 
houMi,  50  or  0()  (Jw-cllinit-hotiHCH,  and  Miwirul 
utoroii.  Thoro  in  uImu  u  cotton  inaiiulactory  in 
the  town. 

|{(M;IIESTER,  t.  UlBtcr  CO.  N.  Y.    Pop. 
9,4^0. 

R(X;HESTKR,  L  Windsor  co.  Vt  44  ni. 
NW.  froiri  WindHor.     Pop.  1,392. 

R(X;HF-STKR,  v.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.  nt  Urn 
Fall*  of  Cioncucc,  7  m.  from  Luke  OntJirio,  in 
tho  tliird  town  in  |ioint  of  |)o|)idiition  in  tliin 
state,  and  tinH  liad  tiiu  moHt  Hiidden  (rrowtii  of 
any  town  in  America.  In  1H12  it  wuh  one 
wido  and  deep  IbreHt.  In  IHIH,  it  contained 
l.Oi!)  iidiahitnntH ;  in  IH^I),  l,5()ij;  in  lH:J5, 
5,271 ;  in  1830,  9,20!).  Parts  of  the  town  are 
very  handHonicly  huilt.  Tliero  arc  7  rcHpccta- 
ble  public  huildui|Ts,  and  12  cliurchcH.  Thir- 
teen lar^c  tlour-niills,  with  52  run  of  atones, 
can  annually  make  342,000  barrels  of  flour. 
Some  of  tlieitc  mills  are  on  a  scale  of  nia^ni- 
tudo  not  equalled  elHcwhero  in  tlie  world.  One 
of  them  covers  morn  than  '  acres,  and  all  arc 
considered  unrivalled  in  the  ()crti-ction  of  tlicir 
machinery.  Fit\een  million  feet  of  lumber 
arc  sawed  or  rafted  hero  annually.  There  arc 
a  number  of  factories  and  mechanical  estab- 
lishmcnts,  some  on  a  large  scale.  The  water- 
power  is  ahuost  inexhaustible.  Tho  aqueduct 
over  the  Genesee  at  this  place  is  one  of  the 
most  gigantic  works  on  the  canal  line.  At  the 
northern  extremity  of  the  town,  the  Gcncnee 
foils  90  feet.  At  Carthage,  two  miles  distant, 
it  falls  70  feet.  Still  another  noble  cascade  of 
tho  Genesee,  close  by  this  town,  will  be  long 


R()(;nK.STER,  t.  Plymotith  co.  Maw.  on 
Uuz/.ard'M  Hay,  20  m.  SW.  from  PlyrllOllt)^  4h 
S.  froiti  iioNton.     Pop.  3/),'i<!. 


R(H;K,  northern  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio.  I'nii 
7(W. 

R(X;KAWAV,  v.  Queen's  co.  Long  UIiiikI, 
H  m.  H.  from  Jamaica,  on  liie  Atlantic  cohhI. 
It  is  a  watering  place,  and  seiit  of  Humnier 
recreation. 

R(KlvAVVAY,  t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  on  I{(k  k- 
away  river,  which  runs  into  tho  Passaic,  7  ni. 
NNw.  from  Morristown.  It  contains  a  Pre  h- 
byterian  church,  2  forges,  nnd  a  rolling.riiili. 
The  iVIorris  canal  |nuis<:s  through  the  vdlagc. 
KUMvUiniMii;,  CO.  Va.  Uninded  l)y  the 
Blue  Ridge,  or  Nelson  and  Amherht  cox.  SI!. 
Ik'dtbrd  S.  Rotctourt  SW.  and  W.  tiutli  NW. 
and  Augusta  NE.  L*;ngth  33  m.  mean  wiiltli 
23.  It  is  drained  by  the  North  river,  linuuh 
of  James  river,  witieh  vuntes  at  the  tint  of  tiit; 
Blue  iiidgc,  in  the  southern  angle  of  the  co. 
Pop.  in  IW^O,  11,915;  in  lc(30,  11,24.1.  Chief 
town,  Iiexmgton. 

R()C;K  castle,  co.  Ken.  bounded  by 
Knox  SE.  Pulaski  SW.  Lincoln  and  (inrrard 
NW.  Madison  NE.  and  Clay  E.  Length 'J.') 
m.  mean  width  15.  CJiicI  town,  Mount  Vir- 
non.     Pop.  in  1H20,  2,249  ;  in  IKJO,  2,B7.1. 

R(X;K  castle,  r.  Ken.  which  runs  SW. 
into  the  C'undMrland,  near  the  Long  SliMdls. 
R(K;KFURi),  V.  Sumy  co.  N.C. 
R(H.;KF()R1),  V.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio,  7  m. 
E.  from  Nt!w  Philadelphia,  on  tho  road  from 
thcnci!  to  Stcubenville. 

R(K'K'F1S1I,  r.  Va.  forms  jKirtof  the  Iwund- 

ary  between  Albemarle  and  Nelson  cos.  Va. 

and  fulls  into  James  river  from  the  nortii. 

j     RCK;K  HALL,  t.  Kent  co.  Md.  on  the  E. 

Tcmembcrcd  as  the  place  where  the  famous  side  of  Chesapeake  Ray,  directly  opposite  tlic 

Patch  made  his  last  leap.     Merchandise  to  and  mouth  of  Patnpsco  river. 


from  Lake  Ontario,  forwarded  from  tiiis  town, 
is  raised  or  lowered  down  this  great  and  steep 
descent  of  the  Genesee,  by  means  of  an  in- 
clined plane,  the  descending  weight  raising  a 
lighter  one.  It  has  2  banks,  a  Museum,  an 
Arcade,  an  Athenojum,  and  several  literary  in- 
stitutions, 2  daily  and  several  weekly  newspa- 
pers. From  the  observatory  at  the  summit  of 
the  Arcade,  may  be  seen,  in  a  clear  day,  the 
waters  of  Lake  Ontiirio,  like  a  strip  of  blue 


R0<.;KINGIIAM,  t.  Windham  ca  Vt.  on 
the  Connecticut,  18  m.  S.  from  Windsor.  Pop. 
2,272. 

ROCKINGHAM,  co.  SE.  part  of  N.  Hamp- 
shire, bounded  NE.  by  Strafford  co.  E.  by  the 
Atlantic,  S.  by  Massachusetts, and  W.  by  Hille- 
Ijorough  CO.  Pop.  44,412.  Chief  towns,  Porta- 
mouth,  Exeter,  and  Concord. 

ROCKINGHAM,  co.  central  part  of  Vu. 
Ijounded  NE.  by  Hardy  and  Shenandoah  cos. 


cloud  on  the  verge  of  the  horizon.     Rochester  |SE.  by  Orange  and  Albemarle  cos.  SW.  by 


is  230  m.  W.  from  Albany,  and  301  N.  from 
W.  Tho  following  statement  of  the  manutac- 
turing  and  mechanical  operations  at  this  vil- 
lage, is  from  a  late  Rochester  paper. 

Factorips,  See.       Invfstment.     An.  Amn\iiit. 

Flouring  Mdls $281 ,000 $1,331 ,000 

Cotton      do 50,000 30,000 

Woollen  do 70,000 112,000 

Leather,  &e 25,000 lf.6,000 

Ironworks 24,000 46,000 

Rifle8,&c 3,000 5,000 

Soap  and  candles 6,000 45,000 

Groceries,  &c 21,000 32,800 

Tobacco 4,500 18,000 

Pail,  Sash,  &c 2,.'i00 12,000 

Boatbuilding 11,000 40,200 

Linseed  Oil 3,()(!0 4,(K)0 

Globe  building  factories,  10,000 15,000 


$511,000  $1,857,000 


\ugU8ta   CO.  and  WNW.  by   Pendleton 
Pop.  20,093.    Chief  town,  Harrisonburg. 

R(K;KINGHAM,  co.  N.  side  of  N.  C.  Pop. 
12,920.  It  lies  W.  of  Caswell  co.  and  is  wa- 
tered by  the  Dan.  There  is  a  mineral  sprin;j 
in  this  county,  whicli  is  much  resorted  to. 
Chief  town,  Wentwortli. 

ROCKINGHAM,  t.  and  cap.  Richmond  co. 
N.  C.  G  m.  E.  from  the  Yadkin,  55  WSW.  from 
Fayetteville,  399  from  W.  It  contains  about 
30. houses. 

ROCKLAND,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  NW.  by 
Orange  co.  E.  by  the  Hudson,  and  SW.  by  N. 
Jersey.  Pop.  9,388.  Chief  town,  Clorks- 
town. 

ROCKI-AND,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y.  W.  of 
Kingston.     Pop.  547. 

ROCK  LANDING,  v.  Halifax  co.  N.  C.  at 


ROr_R(>lT 


801 


en.  Mam.  on 
Plymoullu4'^ 

:o.  Ohio.  I'()|i. 

.  Tion(r  Ixluntl, 
\tluiitir  coHxt. 
mt  of  ituniiiivr 

N.J.  <>n  lldck- 

!   I'UHIMlir,  "   III, 

niitaiiiM  a  Pmh- 

a  nilliiiK-iiiill. 
f\i  tlm  villajjc. 
Diiiidwl   Ity  tin- 
iilierht  ciiti.  SK. 

W.  Iklli  N\V. 

III.  mean  widtli 
,li  river,  liruiu  li 
it  lilt!  t(«t  ot'tlur 
miglu  of  till'  CO. 
,  li;iU.    Chief 

jn.  bouiuled  hy 

aln  and  (iiirrard 

E.     Len({lli  -•'• 

)wn,  MdUiil  Ver- 

which  runs  SVV. 
c  Long  SlioaU. 
).  N.C. 

/iiH  CO.  Oliio,  7  m. 
in  the  roud  from 

imrtofthc  Iwund- 
Nidsoii  COB.  Va. 
n  tlie  nortli. 
Md.  on  the  E. 

jclly  opiioBite  llic 

dham  co.  Vt.  on 
in  Windsor.  ?o^, 

partofN.Hami)- 
ford  CO.  E.  by  the 
i,andW.byHiU»- 
liief  towns,  PorU- 

utral  part  of  Va. 

Shenandoah  cos. 
arle  cos.  SVV.  by 
by  Pendleton  co. 
larrisonburg. 
side  of  N.C.  Pop. 
roll  CO.  and  is  wa-     ! 

a  mineral  spriii;{ 
much  resorted  to. 

Jcap.  Richmond  co. 
|in,  55  WSW.  from 
It  contains  about 

bounded  NVV. by 
L,  and  SW.  by  N. 
\c{  town,  Clarks- 

co.  N.Y.  W.  of 
lalifax  CO.  N.  C.  at 


tin  held  of  the  (irrai  Faili  of  the  Rounuke,  r.J|iM)ine  iiiiiiiiirn(:lori(n,an<l  hMCotinidrrnhlc  tradr. 


III.  ulmve  lliilil'ax, 

|«MI\I'<)|{  r,  V.  on  \.Ar  llii'  >it  th<- 
iiioutii  of  KiH^ky  river,  C'liyiilioga  <..>.  <  lliio. 
Poik  .'Mil. 

lUHKPOUT,  V.  Sp<Mir..p  co.  In.  on  Ohio 
river,  -lO  in.  by  water  almve  the  nioiifh  of 
(irern  river,  and  iHli  in.  S.SVV' from  IndMli- 
a|MiliH. 

I<(H*K  inVKK,  r.  which  rii^s  \u  iIk  NW. 
'IVrrilory,  ruim  throii((li  NW.  part  of  lUiiioiH, 
and  ttowH  into  tlio  MiiwiiiMippi,  lllll  m.  above 
lliR  llhnoiM.     I.i'ii)fth  aliout  UIM)  iiiilcH. 

K(h;K  RIVKK,  r.  Aiiicricii,  which  runs 
into  liiiko  lVIi(;hi{;aii. 

k(HK  SI'RINti,  v.  Nelson  co.  Vo. 
HiKlKViLLi;,  V.  Parke  co.  In.  WO  ni.  W. 
from  liidiana|M>liH. 
R(K"KVILLi:,  V.  MonlfToinory  co.  Md. 
H(K;KV1I,I,I';  v.  Frederick  co.  Va. 
R<M;KY  HKllMiF^ChrisUanco.  Ken. 
ROCKY  11  ILL,  V.  in  Wetli.r8ficid,('t  4  m. 
S.  from  Withersfield.     The  business  of  Bhi|>- 
buildinff  is  carrieil  on  here  to  some  extent. 

RtK;KY  liILL  MILLS,  v.  Fauriuier  co. 
Virginia. 

RtK-KY  ISIiANI),  large  rock  in  tlic  river 
Detroit,  coin|)oscd  of  iinic-stonc. 

ROCKY  MOUNT,  t.  and  cap.  Franklin  co 
Va.  2.'j  in.  N.  from  Martinsville,  375  from  W. 
ROCJKY  MOUNT,  v.  Nash  co.  N.C. 
R(K;KY  MOUNTAINS,  or  Stony  Moun- 
tains,  long  and  broad  range  of  mountains, 
N.  America.  Lon.  lia^  W.  They  divide  the 
waters  which  tlow  K.  into  the  Missouri  and 
Mississippi,  from  those  which  flow  W.  into  tlic 
Pacific  Ocean. 

ROl'KY  RIVER,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  into 
Lake  Eric,  9  in.  W.  of  the  Cuyahoga. 

ROCKY  RIVER,  r.  N.C.  which  runs  into 
the  Yadkin. 
ROC^KY  RIVER,  V.  Cuyahoga  co.  Oiiio. 
ROCKY  SPRINGS,  v.  Rockingham    co. 
N.C. 

RODMAN,  t  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  160  m. 
NW.  from  Albany.     Pop.  l.'JOl. 

ROEBUCK  ISLAND,  amall  isL  at  E.  ex- 
tremity  of  Lake  Ontario. 
ROGERSMILLS,  v.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y. 
ROGER'S  POINT,  capo  on  W.  side  of 
Lake  Huron.    Lon.  82°  45'  W.;  lat  44=  19'  N. 
ROGERSVILLE,  t  and  cap.  Hawkins  co. 
Ten.  on  the  Ilolston,  65  m.  ENE.  from  Knox- 
ville,  451  from  W.    It  is  pleasantly  situated  in 
Carter's  Valley,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a 
bank,  an  academy,  and  a  printing-ofilcc.  Nine 
miles  SW.  of  the  town  there  are  extensive  salt- 
works. 
ROGERSVILLE,  t.  Pendleton  district,  S.  C, 
ROGERSVILLE,  v.  Person  co.  N.  C.  96  m 
NNW.  from  Raleigh. 
ROME,  V.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio. 
ROME,  L  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  22  m.  NNW. 
from  Augusta.    Pop.  883.    . 

ROME,  t  Oneida  co.  N.Y.  108  m.  WNW. 
from  A  ')any.  Pop.  4,3G0.  It  is  situated  on 
the  Erie  Cona],  16  in.  W.  from  Utica.  It  is  a 
pleasant  and  flourishing  town,  contains  a  court- 
house, a  jail,  several  churclice,  and  uu  uxsciiol, 


The  coiirlH  of  the  ('f)iiiily  are  hild  ulteriiatcly 
hcrr  uiid  ,it  W  liiti  HlM)roii^h. 

R<».M.\I',V,  I.  iiiid  cap.  Iliinipxhire  en.  Va. 
on  F.  )-i<U'  of  the  S.  hraiieli  of  t)it>  Poloiiiar,  45 
III  W.  V  .N.  from  Wimhiitir,  l!»(l  NW.  from 
Uichiiu,,,/!;  II'J  from  W.  It  is  a  haiidwiiiio 
village,  coiitiiiiiin;;  '2  chiirehi'R,  an  ueadeiiiy,  a 
liiiiik,  tiid  ulMtiit  IKlll  iidmhitiiiits.  A  weekly 
newRpa[K  r  i^  also  puliliHliid  hi  re. 

ROMFLl  S,  (.  H<  nr.  1,  r„.  N.  V.  on  W.aido 
ofCayiHrii  Luke,  111  iii.  N.  from  Ovid,  200  W. 
from  Albany.  Pop.  2,IIH!).  It  in  a  VRliiablo 
ngriciilturul  town,  and  hus  some  nianutao- 
toricH. 

R().NK<>NKAMA,small  lake  in  the  central 
|iurt  of  liOiig  Island,  iH'twrcn  HriKikhuven  and 
Islip;  .U  III.  F.  from  New  York;  aliout  3  m. 
in  circumference,  and  very  deep.  It  is  remark- 
uhle  for  U'iiig  siiliject  to  a  r(');uhir  rise  and  fall, 
each  of  which  continues  7  years.  It  abounds 
in  fish. 

ROOT,  V.  Montgomery  co.  N.Y.  46m.NW. 
from  Albuiiy.     Pop.  )i,irM. 

ROOTSTOWN,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohia    Pop. 
Gsi. 
ROSC^OMMON,  V.  Steuben  co.  N.Y. 
ROSE,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  978. 
ROSEAU,  or  Chiirlottetowii,  ca|»ital  of  the 
island  of  Martinico,  on  tlie  SW.  side  of  the 
island. 

ROSE  ISLAND,  isl.  stretching  from  Pen- 
sacola  eastward  along   the  coast  of  Florida, 
about  GO  niiks.    It  is  generally  less  Uian  half 
a  mile  wid*-,  sandy,  and  barren. 
ROSE  MILLS,  V.  Amherst  co.  Va. 
R(JSFVILLF,  v.  Delaware  co.  N.Y. 
ROSEVILLE,  v.  Loudon  co.  Va.  158  m.N. 
from  Riclimoiid,  and  35  NW.  by  W.  from  W. 
ROSEVILLE,  V.  Parke  co.  In.  109  ni.  west- 
erly from  Indiana])olis. 

ROSS,  t.  (Jrcenc  co.  Ohio,  51  m.  SW.by  W- 
froni  Columbus.    Pop.  1,258. 

ROSS,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,845. 
ROSS,  CO.  Ohio,  watered  by  the  Scioto.  Pop. 
24,053.    C;iiief  town,  Chillicothe. 

ROSSIE,  t  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.    Pop. 
650. 
ROSSVILLE,  V.  Orange  co.  N.Y. 
ROSSVILLE,  V.  Butler  cd.  Ohio,  on  the 
Great  Miami,  opiiositc  Hamilton.     Pop.  629. 
ROSSVILLE,  t.  New  Madrid  district,  Miso. 
ROSSVILLE,  V.  Cherokee  Nation,  on  the  S. 
side  of  Tennessee  river,  4  or  5  miles  below  tlie 
mouth  of  Chickamaugah  creek,  50  SSW.  from 
Washington,  Ten. 

ROUGE  RIVER,  r.  Michigan  Ter.  which 
runs  into  Detroit  river,  5  in.  below  Detroit.  It 
is  navigable  for  vessels  drawing  16  feet  water 
4  miles,  to  the  dock-yard,  thence  for  boats 
drawing  3  feet  water  8  miles. 

ROUGH  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  which  runs  mto 
Green  river. 
ROULANDSVILLE,  v.  Cecil  co.  Md. 
ROUND  TOP,  a  iieak  of  tliu  Catskill  Moun- 
tains,  N.  Y.,  W.  of  Catskill.  Height  3,804  feet. 
ROl'ND  KEY,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of 
Mississippi.    Lon.  88°  28'  W. ;  lat.  30°  15'  N. 
ROUND  LICK,  V.  Smith  ca  Ten. 


ti 


.i&- 


•' 


30i< 


' 


m^ 


ROU-RUT 


ROUSE'S  POINT,  V.  Clinton  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  W.  cape  at  tlie  outlet  of*  Lake  Champloiii, 
186  in.  N.  from  Albany. 

ROWAN,  CO.  N.  C.  bounded  S.  by  Mont- 
gomery  and  Cabarras,  W.  by  Jrcdcll,  N.  by 
Surrey  and  Stokes,  and  E.  by  Guiltbrd  and 
Randolph.  Lcnjufth  40  m.  mean  width  3(5. 
Cliicf  town,  Lexington.  Pop.  in  1820,  26,009 ; 
in  18.30,  20,796. 

ROWE,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  17  m.  NW. 
from  Springfield,  103  WNW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  716. 

ROVVLETT,  V.  Potter  co.  Pa.  181  m.  NNVV. 
from  Harrisburg. 

ROWLEY,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  4  m.  N.  from 
Ipswich,  15  m.  N.  from  Salem,  28  NE.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  2,044.  It  contains  2  parishes. 
The  principal  employment  is  agriculture ;  bu' 
leather  and  shoes  arc  manufactured  to  some 
extent 

ROXBOROUGH,  t  and  cap.  Person  co. 
N.  C.  271  m.  from  W. 

ROXBURY,  t  Washington  co.  Vt.  45  m.  N. 
from  Windsor.    Pop.  737. 

ROXBURY,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.H.  37  m.  SW. 
from  Concord.    Pop.  332. 

ROXBURY  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  2  m.  SW. 
from  Boston,  ot"  which  it  is  in  reality  a  suburb. 
Pop.  5,249. 

ROXBUR/,  t,  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  35  m.  NW. 
from  New  Haven.     Pop.  1,122. 

ROXBURY,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.Y.  56  m. 
SW.  from  Albany.     Pop.  3,214. 

ROXBURY,  t.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  45  m.  N. 
from  Trenton.    Pop.  2,262. 

ROXBURY,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
707. 

ROXBURY,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  4  m.  NE. 
from  Kcene.    Pop.  3Q2. 

ROXBURY,  t  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  16  m.  W. 
of  S.  from  Litchfield.    Pop.  1,122. 
ROYAL,  V.  Sampson  co.  N.  C. 
ROYAL,  isl.  of  Lake  Superior. 
ROYAL  OAK,  v,  Oakland  co.  Mich. 
ROYALTON,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  on  White 
river,  33  m.  S.  from  Montpelier,  29  m.  NNW. 
from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,893.  Here  is  a  pleasant 
village,  containing  an  academy. 

ROYALTON,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  36  m. 
NNW.  from  Worcester,  70  WNW.  from  Bos- 
ton.     Pop.  1,494. 

ROYALTON,  t  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
3  138 

'  ROYALTON,  v.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  10  m. 
W.  from  Lancaster. 

RUCKERSVILLE,  v.  Elbert  co.  Geo.  80 
m.  NE.  from  Millcdgeville. 

RUMFORD,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  20  m.  N.  from 
Paris,  215  NNE.  from  Boston.     Pop.  1,126. 

RUMFORD,  r.  Mass.  which  runs  SSE.  mto 
Taunton  river,  S.  of  Taunton. 

RUMFORD  ACADEMY,  v.  King  William 
CO.  Va. 

RUMNEY,  t  Graflon  co.  N.  H.  7  m.  NW. 
from  Plymouth,  50  N.  from  Concord.  Pop. 
993. 

RUPERT,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  32  m.  N. 
from  Bennington.     Poj).  1,318. 
RUPERT,  Fort,  in  N.  America,  belonging 


to  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  seated  on  the 
S.  end  of  Hudson's  Bay.  Lon.  80°  W,;  lat, 
51°  3'  N. 

RUSH,  CO.  In.  bounded  S.  by  Decatur,  W. 
by  Shelby,  NW.  by  Madison,  N.  by  Henry,  E, 
by  Fayette,  and  SE.  by  Franklin.    Length  24 
m.  breadth  18.    Chief  town,  Rushville.    Pop. 
9,918. 
RUSH,  t.  Monroe  co.  N.  Y.    Pop.  2,109. 
RUSH  CREEK,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio. 
RUSH  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  joins  tlie 
Hockhocking,  7  m.  below  Lancaster. 

RUSHFORD,  t.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
1,115. 

liUSHVILLE,  V.  in  Middlesex  t.  on  the 
road  from  Bath  to  Canandaigua,  Ontario  co. 
N.Y. 

RUSHVILLE,  V.  on  Rush  creek,  in  the 
eastern  part  of  Fairfield  co.  Ohio,  10  m.  NE. 
by  E.  from  Lancaster.    Pop.  234. 

RUSHVILLE,  V.  and  seat  of  justice,  Rush 
CO.  In.  on  Flat  Rock  creek,  43  m.  SE.  by  E. 
from  IndianapoUs,  553  from  W. 

RUSSELL,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  14  m.  W. 
from  Springfield,  102  WSW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  509. 

RUSSELL,  t.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y.  25  m. 
SE.  from  Ogdensburg.     Pop.  659. 

RUSSELL,  CO.  SW.  part  of  Va.  bounded 
N.  by  Kentucky,  ENE.  by  Tazewell  co.  SSE, 
b}'  Washington  co.  and  W.  by  Lee  co.  Pop. 
6,717,    Chief  town,  Lebanon. 

RUSSELLVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Logan  co. 
Ken.  .55  m.  NNE.  from  Nashville,  200  SW. 
from  I-exington,  711  from  W.  Pop.  1,358.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  bank,  an  acade- 
my, several  churches,  and  2  printing-offices. 
RUSSELLVILLE,  v.  Brown  co.  Ohio. 
RUSSELLVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Franklin  co.  Al.  on  Cedar  creek,  branch  of 
Bear  creek,  25  m.  S.  from  Florence,  90  N.  from 
Tuscaloosa,  and  804  from  W. 

RUSSIA  IRON  WORKS,  v.  Clinton  co. 
N.Y. 

RUSSIA,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.Y.  26  m.N. 
from  Herkimer.    Pop.  2,448. 

RUTHERFORD,  co.  of  N.  C.  bounded  by 
S.  C.  S.  Buncombe  W.  Burke  N.  and  Iiincoln 
E.  Length  40  m.  width  25.  Pop.  17,557. 
Chief  town,  Rutherfordton. 

RUTHERFORD,  co.  Ten.  bounded  by  Bed- 
ford S.  Williamson  SW.  Davidson  NW.  Wil- 
son NE.  and  Warren  E.  Length  30  m.  width 
22.  Chief  town,  Murfreesborough.  Pop.  in 
1820, 19,5.52;  in  183^,  26,133. 

RUTHERFORDTON,  t.  and  cap.  Ruther- 
ford  CO.  N.  C.  45  m.  S.  from  Morgantown,  220 
W.  from  Raleigh,  and  484  from  W. 

RUTLAND,  t.  and  cap.  Rutland  co.  Vt  on 
the  Otter  Creek,  55  m.  from  its  mouth,  45  W. 
by  N.  from  Windsor,  57  N.  from  Bennington, 
60  SSW.  from  MontpeUer,  and  462  from  W. 
Pop.  2,753.  In  tlie  central  part  of  the  town 
there  is  a  pleasant  village,  situated  on  a  com- 
manding eminence.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
a  meeting-hoi"" ,  and  an  academy,  and  hab 
some  trade. 

RUTLAND,  V.  and  t  Meigs  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
971. 


ri 


% 


RUT— SAI 


S9a 


sated  on  llic 
((P  W. ;  lat. 

Iccatur,  W. 

(V  Henry,  E. 

Length  24 

hville.    Pop. 

Pop.  2,109. 
).  Ohio, 
ich  joins  the 
■ter. 

,.N.y.  Pop- 

BOX  t.  on  the 
a,  Ontario  CO. 

creek,  in  the 
io,  10  m.  NE. 
4. 

f  iustice.  Rush 
3m.SE.byE. 

ivlasB.14m.W. 
.  from  Boston. 

co.N.Y.25m. 

659.  ,  . 

of  Va.  bounded 
azcwell  CO.  SSE. 
)y  Lee  CO.    Pop. 

'cap.  Log»°,^°- 
hville,  200  SW. 
,    Pop.  1,358.  It 
1  bank,  an  acade- 
jrinting-ofiiccs. 
jvn  CO.  Ohio. 
,  Bcat  of  justice, 
;rcck,  branch  of 
■cnce,90N.from 

3^  V.  Clinton  co. 
N.Y.  26  m.N. 


?J 


.  C.  bounded  by 
N.  and  Lincoln 
5.    Pop.  17,557. 

.  bounded  by  Bcd- 
vidsonNW.WJ- 
ngth  30  m.  width 
orough.    Pop.  >n 

;ndcap.Ruther. 

Morgantown,  5W" 

omW. 

Rutland  CO.  yt.  on 

[its  mouth,  45  W. 

Ifrom  Bennington. 

land  462  from  W. 

1  part  of  the  town 

ktuated  on  a  coni- 

[ins  a  court-house. 

Icademy,  and  hat. 

ligs  CO.  Ohio.  Po^ 


RUTLAND,  CO.  W.  side  of  Vt.  bounded  N. 
by  Addison  co.  E.  by  Windsor  co.  S.  by  Ocn- 
nington  co.  and  VV.  by  New  York*  and  Lake 
Chainplain.  Pop.  31,295.  Ciiief  town,  Rut- 
land. 

RUTLAND,  t.  Worcester  eo.  Mass.  14  m. 
NW.  from  Worcester,  52  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,276. 

RUTLAND,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  on  Llack 
river,  170  m.  NW.  from  Albany.    Pop.  2,3.1'). 

RUTLEDCJE,  t.  and  cap.  tiranger  co.  Ten. 
30  m.  NE.  from  KnoxvilK-,  483  from  W. 

R  YE,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  7  m.  S.  from 
Portsmouth.    Pop.  1,172. 

RYE,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  on  liong 
Island  Sound,  28  m.  NE.  from  New  York. 
Pop.  1,602. 

RYEGATE,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  on  the 
Connecticut,  15  ni.  S.  from  Danville,  28  E. 
from  Montpelier.    Pop.  1,119. 

S. 

SABA,  isl.  of  the  West  Indies,  12  m.  in 
circumference,  inhabited  by  a  few  Dutch  fami- 
lies.   Lon.  63^  17'  W. ;  lat.  17=  39'  N. 

SABINE,  r.  which  forms  the  western  bound- 
ary of  the  state  of  Louisiana,  and  flows  into 
the  gulf  of  Mexico.  Lon.  93='  37'  W. ;  hit. 
29°  23'  N.  It  is  nAvigable  about  280  miles. 
Near  its  mouth  it  passes  through  a  lake  of  the 
same  name,  which  is  about  25  m.  long,  and 
12  wide. 

SABINE  LAKE,  is  the  estuary  of  the  Sa- 
bine and  Natchez  rivers;  it  is  about  30  m. 
long,  and  8  or  10  wide,  communicating  witii 
the  gulf  of  Mexico  by  a  narrow  ehaimel  of  4 
or  5  m.  in  length,  and  al)out  400  yards  wide. 
This  lake  is  very  shallow,  generally  about  5  or 
6  feet  in  depth ;  and  near  tlie  shores,  it  is  still 
shallower. 

SABLE,  r.  N.  Y.  which  rises  in  Essex  co, 
and  runs  NE.  into  Lake  Champlain,  forming 
tor  20  m.  the  boundary  between  Clinton  and 
Erbcx  cos.  Length  35  m.  Adgate's  Falls  on 
tiiis  river,  in  Chesterfield,  are  a  beautiful  cas- 
cade, and  are  visited  by  numerous  travellers. 

SABLE,  Cape,  most  S.  point  of  Nova  Scotia, 
near  which  is  a  fine  cod  fishery.  Lon.  65"^  39' 
W.;  lat.  43=23' N. 

SABLE  ISLE,  isle  nearly  adjoining  to  Sa- 
ble Cape ;  the  coasts  of  both  are  most  conimo- 
diously  situated  for  fisheries. 

SABLE  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  Essex  co.  N.  Y. 
between  Jay,  Chesterfield,  Lewis,  and  Wills- 
borough. 

SABOIS,  v.  Penobscot  co.  Maine,  142  m.  N. 
from  Portland. 

,  N.  Y.  runs  E.  into  the 
Length  80  m. 
in  Westbrook,  Cumber- 


SACANDAGA,  r 

Hudson,  in  Hadley. 

SACARAPPA,  V, 
land  CO.  Maine. 

SACKET'S  HARBOR,  v.  and  port  of  entry, 
Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.  at  the  mouth  of  Black  river, 
on  Hungry  Bay,  and  E.  end  of  Lake  Ontario, 
176  m.  NW.  from  Albany.  It  is  one  of  the 
beat  harbors  on  the  lake,  and  is  rapidly  in- 
creasing  in  population  and  commerce;  con- 
"'dcrablo  shipping  is  owned  here.  There  are 
2Z 


U.  S.  barracks  here  sufficient  for  3,000  troopa. 
Distonce  from  W,  470  m. 

S.\(^0,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  York  co.  Me. 
on  NE.  side  of  the  river  Saco,  opjwsite  Biddc- 
ford,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  3  bridges, 
15  m.  SW.  from  Portland,  28  NE.  from  York, 
100  NNE.  from  Boston,  530  from  W.  Pop. 
3,219,  It  is  a  considerable  town,  favorably 
situated  for  lra<le  and  manufactures.  It  con- 
tains  a  bank  and  nn  academy,  and  has  con- 
siderable trade.  Tiicre  is  a  fall  in  the  Saco  r. 
here  of  42  feet,  which  affords  a  handsome  view, 
ns  well  QS  valuable  water-power  lor  mills  and 
manufacturing  cstablislnnents,  of  which  sev- 
eral have  l)eeh  erected. 

SACO,  r.  rises  W.  of  the  White  Mountains, 
in  N.  H.  and  runs  SE.  into  the  sea,  below  Saco. 
It  is  160  m.  in  length,  and  has  falls  of  72  feel 
in  Hiram,  of  20  feet  in  Lymington,  30  in  Bux- 
ton, and  42  in  Saco.  To  tlie  last  6  m,  from  ita 
mouth,  it  is  navigable  for  ships. 

SACONDAGA,  v.  in  the  NE.  part  of  Mont- 
gomery  co.  N.  Y.  45  m.  NW.  from  Albany. 

SACONDAGO,  r.  of  N.  Y.  rises  in  Hamil- 
ton,  flows  SE.  into  the  NE.  corner  of  Mont* 
gomery,  reaches  tlie  boundary  between  Mont- 
gomery and  Saratoga,  turns  abruptly  NE.  and 
crossing  Saratoga  co.  falls  into  the  Huds(m  at 
Jessup's  fiills,  after  a  course  of  about  50  m. 

SACONDAGO,  mountains  of  N.Y.  in  Ham- 
ijton  CO.  from  which  flow  the  Sacondago,  Hud- 
son, Black,  and  Grass  rivers. 

SADDLEBACK,  mt.  in  Williamstown  and 
Adams,  Mass.  The  peaks  of  tJiis  mountain 
are  in  Adams ;  the  northern  one  being  about 
2,400  feet  above  the  valley,  and  the  southern,  or 
the  summit  of  the  saddle,  about  3,000  feet  above 
the  valley,  and  nearly  4,000  above  the  sea.  It 
is  the  highest  land  in  Massachusetts. 

SADDLE  RIVER,  t.  Bergen  co.  N.J.  Pop, 
2,174. 

SAGADAHOC,  r.  Me.  which  joins  the  A»- 
droseoggin,  in  Rumford. 

SAGANAUM  BAY,  bay  of  Lake  Huron, 
situated  about  the  centre  of  the  NW.  side. 
Length  20  m. 

SAGANAUM  RIVER,  r.  America,  which 
runs  into  the  Saganaum  Bay.  Lon.  83*^  35' 
W. ;  lat.  44°  N.    Length  30  m. 

SAGATUK,  r.  Ct.  which  runs  into  Long 
Island  Sound,  between  Fairfield  and  Norwalk, 
forming  a  bay  at  its  mouth. 

SAG  HARBOR,  v.  and  port  of  entry,  in 
Southampton,  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  on  E.  end  of 
Long  Island,  and  on  the  Atlantic,  100  m.  E. 
from  New  York,  and  340  from  W.  This  vil- 
lage  contains  about  100  houses,  and  a  printing, 
office.  There  is  some  shipping  owned  here, 
employed  chiefly  in  the  whale  and  cod  fisheries. 
It  has  a  good  harbor. 

SAGUENAI,  large  branch  of  St.  Lawrence 
river,  rising  in  the  recesses  of  Labrador,  and 
falling  into  St.  Lawrence,  about  120  m.  below 
Quebec.  The  Saguenai,  according  to  Bou- 
chette,  is  a  very  considerable  river,  affording  a 
good  harbor  for  every  kind  of  shipping,  at  its 
mouth. 
ST.  ALBAN'S,  t.  and  cap.  Franklin  co.  Vt 


/■ 


394 


SAI— SAI 


u 


'-'iH  iir 


:  i' 


on  Lake  Champlain,  27  m.  N.  from  Burling- 
ton, 70  NW.  from  Montpelier.  Lon.  73=  11' 
W.;  lat.  44°  49'  N.  Pop.  2,395.  Here  is  a 
pleasant  village,  which  contains  a  court-house, 
a  jail,  an  academy,  and  Jms  considerable  trade, 

ST.  ALBAN'S, t. Licking co.Ohio.  Pop.93.'), 

ST.  ALBAN'S,  t.  Claiborne  co.  Mis. 

ST.  ALBAN'S,  t.  Somerset  co.  Mc.  30  m, 
ENE.  from  Norridgewock.    Pop.  911. 

ST.  ANDREW,  parish,  Cliarleston  district, 
S.  C.  It  is  watered  by  the  river  Asliley,  and 
lies  just  above  Chailcston.    Pop.  3,727. 

ST.  ANDREWS,  settlement,  Missouri,  25 
m.  SW.  from  St.  Louis. 

ST.  ANDREWS,  t.  and  port  of  entry.  Char- 
lotte  CO.  New  Brunswick,  on  a  peninsuJa  form- 
ed by  the  confluence  of  the  St.  Croix  r.  with 
Passamaquoddy  Bay,  opposite  Robbinston,  Me. 
Pop.  about  1,500.  It  is  a  thriving  town,  and 
there  is  a  brisk  business  done  in  shipping. 

ST.  ANDREWS,  small  bay,  Florida,  which 
sets  up  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  approaches 
within  8  m.  of  St.  Rosa  Sound. 

ST.  ANN,  t.  Guadaloupe,  on  the  S.  coast. 
Lon.  61°  27'  W. ;  lat,  16°  21'  N. 

ST.  ANN,  or  Annimpig  Lake,  a  lake  of  Can- 
ada. It  empties  into  James  bay  through  Albany 
river.    Lon.  88°  15'  W. ;  lat.  49°  30'  N. 

ST.  ANN'S,  port  on  E.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Cape  Breton.    Lon.  60°  W. ;  lat.  47°  N. 

ST.  ANN'S,  t.  New  Brunswick,  on  St.  John's 
river,  3  m.  S.  from  Fredericktown.  Lon.  6(f^ 
46' W.;  lat.  46°  2' N. 

ST.  ANN'S  BAY,  bay  of  the  island  of  Ja- 
maica.   Lon.  77°  3'  W. ;  lat.  18°  58'  N. 

ST.  ANN'S  BAY,  bay  of  Mexico,  in  the 
bay  of  Campeachy.  Lon.  94°  46'  W. ;  lat 
18°  10'  N. 

ST.  ANTONIO,  t.  Mexico,  cap.  of  Texas. 
Lon.  101°. 

ST.  AUGUSTINE,  seaport  of  Florida.  The 
harbor  is  good,  but  there  is  a  bar  at  its  mouth 
which  at  the  lowest  tides  will  not  admit  ves- 
sels  drawing  more  than  6  feet  of  water ;  tliere 
is  however  a  roadstead  outside  of  the  bar  which 
affords  anchorage  for  larger  vessels.  The 
town  and  the  enti-ance  to  the  harbor  are  well 
defended  by  a  strong  fort,  built  entirely  of 
hewn  stone,  and  mounting  60  cannon.  In  the 
rear  of  the  city  are  erected  six  redoubts.  Lat. 
29°  45'  N. ;  lon.  81°  30'  W. 

ST.  AUGUSTINE'S  RIVER,  r.  Labrador, 
which  runs  into  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 
Lon.  59°  59'  W. ;  lat.  51°  15'  N. 

ST.  BERNARDO,  a  settlement  of  Louisi- 
ana,  15  m.  SE.  from  New  Orleans,  and  W.  oC 
Lake  Borgnc. 

ST.  BERNARD'S  BAY,  bay  in  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  on  the  coast  of  Texas.  Lon.  96° 
50'  W. ;  lat.  28°  30'  N. 

ST.  CATHERINE'S  FORK,  r.  Mississippi, 
which  runs  into  the  Mississippi  river.  Lat. 
31°  36'  N. 

ST.  CATHERINE'S  SOUND,  bay  of  the 
Atlantic,  on  the  coast  of  Georgia,  between  the 
islands  of  St.  Catherine  and  Ossabaw.  Lat 
31°  38'  N. 

ST.  CHARLES,  co.  Miso.  bounded  by  the 
MisiUBsippi  and  CuivM  rivers  N.  and  NE.  Mis- 


souri river  SE.  and  Montgomery  co.  W.  It 
occupies  the  peninsula  between  the  Mississinpi 
and  Missotiri,  above  their  junction,  being  about 
35  m.  long,  with  a  mean  width  of  12  m.  Pop. 
in  1820,  3,970 ;  in  1830,  4,322.  Chief  town, 
St  Charles. 

ST.  CHARLES,  t  and  cap.  St  Charles  co. 
Miso.  on  tlic  Missouri  river,  21  m.  from  its 
mouth,  18  NW.  from  St.  Louis  by  land,  and 
1 ,001  from  W.  It  is  a  handsome  and  tlour- 
ishing  village. 

ST.  CHARLES,  parish  of  La.  bounded  by 
St.  John  Baptist  W.  by  Lake  Mauripos,  Pass 
of  Manchac,  and  Lake  Ponchartrain  N.  parish 
of  St.  Bernard  E.    Length  30  m.  mean  widt' 
10.    Pop.  in  1820,  3,862 ;  in  1830,  5,107. 

ST.  CHARLES,  parish,  on  the  Mississippi 
river,  about  50  m.  above  New  Orleans. 

ST.  CHARLES,  r.  Canada,  which  runs  into 
the  St.  Lawrence,  a  little  below  Quebec. 

ST.  CLAIR,  lake,  N.  America,  about  90  m. 
m  circumference,  between  Lake  Huron  and 
Lake  Erie,  witli  both  of  which  it  communi- 
cates.   Lon.  82°  25'  W. ;  lat.  42°  52'  N. 

ST.  CLAIR,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs  S. 
from  Lake  Huron  to  Lake  St  Clair.  It  is  40 
m.  long,  and  nearly  1  m.  wide. 

ST.  CLAIR,  CO.  II.  bounded  by  Mississippi 
river  NW.  Madison  N.  Washington  E.  Ran- 
dolph SE,  and  Monroe  SW.  Length  30,  width 

24  m.  Chief  town,  Belleville.  Pop.  in  1820, 
5,253;  in  1830,  7,092. 

ST.  CLAIR,  CO.  Al.  bounded  by  Shelby  S 
Jefferson  SW.  Blount  N  W.  Cherokee  lands  N. 
and  Coosa  river  E.  It  is  about  35  m.  square. 
Surface  hilly  and  broken,  drained  by  the  Coosa 
and  Cahawba  rivers.  Chief  town,  AshviiJe. 
Pop.  in  1820,  4,166 ;  in  1830,  5,975. 

ST.  CLAIR,  t  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,814. 

ST.  CLAIR,  t.  Butler  co.  Ohio.   Pop.  1,834. 

ST.  CLAIR'S  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs 
into  the  Great  Miami,  opposite  Hamilton. 

ST.  CLAIRSVILLE,  t  and  cap.  Belmont 
CO.  Ohio,  on  tlie  Wheeling,  7  m.  from  tlie  Ohio, 
10  W.  from  Wheeling,  70  E.  from  Zanesville, 
275  from  W.  It  is  pleasant  and  flourishing, 
containing  a  court4iouse,  a  jail,  a  market- 
house,  a  bank,  2  printing-offices,  4  or  5  houses 
of  public  worship,  for  Presbyterians,  Friends, 
and  Methodists.     Pop.  789. 

ST.  CLAIRSVILLE,  v.  Chatauque  co. 
N.  Y. 

ST.  CLAIRSVILLE,  v.  St.  Clair  co.  Al.  on 
Canoe  creek  of  Coosa  river,  about  65  m.  SSE. 
from  Huntsville. 

ST.  CROIX,  r.  N.  America,  which  divides 
Maine .  from  New  Broiiswick,  and  flows  into 
Passamaquoddy  bay.    It  ia  navigable  for  ships 

25  miles. 

ST.  CROIX,  r.  N.  America,  which  runs  into 
the  Mississippi,  90  m.  below  St.  Anthony's 
Falls.    It  is  navigable  for  boats  about  100  m. 

ST.  FERDINAND,  t.  St  Louis  district, 
Miso.  14  m.  NW.  from  St  Louis. 

ST.  FRANCIS,  r.  Louisiana,  which  runs 
into  the  Mississippi,  107  m.  above  the  Arkan- 
sas, in  lat  34°  45'  N.  It  is  navigable  upwards 
of  200  ni. 


SAI— SAI 


395 


CO.  W.    It 

!  MiBsissinpi 

,  being  about 

'12  m.   Pop. 

Chief  town, 

t.  Charles  co. 

m.  from  its 

by  land,  and 
10  and  flour- 

I.  bounded  by 
auripos,  Pass 
rain  N.  parish 
n.  mean  widt' 
30, 5,107. 
he  MissisBippi 
(rleans. 
^hich  runs  into 

Quebec. 
3a,  about  90  m. 
ke  Huron  and 
h  it  communi- 
12°  52'  N. 

which  runs  S. 
Clair.    It  is  40 

i  by  Mississippi 
lington  E.Ran. 
,ength  30,  width 
..    Pop.  in  1820, 

aed  by  Shelby  S 
herokee  lands  N. 
But  35  m.  square, 
ncd  by  the  Coosa 

town,  Ashvilk. 

5,975. 
b  CO.  Ohio.    Pop- 

)hio.   Pop.  1,834. 

Ohio,  which  runs 

tc  Hamilton. 

Bd  cap.  Belmont 

m-fromUieOhio, 
from  ZanesviUe, 
and  flourishing, 

.  jail,  a  market. 

ees,  4  or  5  houses 

yterians,  Friends, 

.   Chatauque   co. 

,..  Clair  CO.  Al  m» 
about  65  ro.  SSE. 

ica,  which  divides 
•k,  and  flows  into 
aavigable  for  ship* 

pa,  which  runs  into 

ow  St.  Anthonys 

Mts  about  100  m. 

St.  Louis  district, 

Lotus. 

[Biana,  which  runs 
.  above  the  Arkan- 
oavigable  upwards 


ST.  FRANCIS,  r.  ol'  L.  C.  and  Vt.  rises  in 
the  latter,  in  Orleans  and  Essex  cos.  Its  main 
sources  are  the  confluents  of  lake  Memphrc- 
magog  and  lake  St.  Francis ;  the  latter  in  the 
recesses  of  Buckingham  co.  L.  C.  Below  the 
junction  of  its  two  great  branches,  the  united 
stream  flows  NNW.  into  St  Lawrence  river, 
at  the  head  of  Lake  St  Peter. 

ST.  FRANCISVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  New 
Feliciana  parish,  Louisiana,  on  E.  bank  of  the 
Mississippi,  about  30  m.  above  Baton  Rouge, 
and  1,205  from  W. 

ST.  GENEVIEVE,  co.  Miso;  bounded  by 
the  Mississippi  NE.  cape  Girardeau  co.  S. 
Washington  SW.  and  Jefferson  NW.  Length 
60,  mean  width  18  m.  Its  extreme  western 
parts  embrace  a  portion  of  the  mine  tract. 
Chief  town,  St.  Genevieve.     Pop.  2,182. 

ST.  GENEVIEVE,  t.  and  cap.  St  Gene- 
vieve district,  Miso.  nearly  op|)ositc  Kaskaskia, 
1  m.  W.  of  the  Mississippi,  64  below  St.  Louis, 
and  874  from  W.  Pop.  2,000.  This  town  was 
formti-ly  built  on  the  river  bank,  and  is  said 
to  have  contained  once  7,000  inhabitants.  The 
ground  on  which  it  stands  is  somewliat  higher 
than  the  river  bottom,  and  it  begins  to  extend 
itself  back  upon  ground  considerably  more 
elevated. 

ST.  GEORGE,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  10  m. 
SE.  from  Burlington.     Pop.  135. 

ST.  GEORGE,  t  Lincoln  co.  Me.  38  m. 
ESE.  from  Wiscasset,  200  NE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,652. 

ST.  GEORGE,  r.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  which 
flows  into  the  sea  between  the  towns  of  St. 
George  and  Gushing.  It  is  navigable  to  Thom- 
astown,  which  lies  on  N.  side  of  tlie  town  of 
St  George. 

ST.  GEORGE,  r.  Md.  which  runs  into  the 
Potomoc,  NW.  of  St.  George's  island. 

ST.  GEORGE'S,  t.  Newcastle  co.  Del. 

ST.  GEORGE'S,  parish,  Colleton  district, 
S.C. 

ST.  GEORGE'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Potomac.    Lat.  18°  13'  N. 

ST.  GEORGE'S  ISLAND,  some  small  isl- 
onds  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the  coast  of  Maine. 
Lat.  43°  50'  N. 

ST.  HELENA,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  S.  C.  in 
a  bay  called  St  Helena's  Sound.  Lat  Sa^'  25' 
N.  It  is  13  m.  long,  and  3  broad.  The  soil 
is  well  adapted  to  tlie  growth  of  cotton,  which 
is  largely  cultivated. 

ST.  HELENA,  t.  St.  Helena  parish,  La. 

ST.  HELENA,  parish,  Beaufort  district, 
S.  C.  containing  the  islands  of  Port  Royal,  St. 
Helena,  Hunting,  Ladies,  Paris,  &c.  Pop. 
8,799. 

ST.  HELENA,  parish  of  La.  bounded  by 
lakes  Ponchartrain  and  Maurepas,  and  Amite 
river  S.  East  Baton  Rouge  and  New  Feliciana 
W.  state  of  Mississippi  N.  and  Washington 
and  St  Tamany  E.  Length  46,  mean  width 
28  m.    Chief  town,  St.  Helena.    Pop.  4,027. 

ST.  HELENA  SOUND,  bay  on  the  coast 
of  S.  C.    Lon.  80°  30'  W. ;  lat.  32°  3'  N. 

ST.  HELENS,  isl.  on  the  coast  of  Georgia, 
S.  of  the  entrance  of  Ogeechee  river. 

ST.  ILLA,  Great,  r.  of  Georgia,  rises  in 


Tatnall,  Tt-lfnir,  and  Irwin  cos.  by  a  number 
of  branches  which  enter  Appling. 

ST.  INKiOE'S,  v.  St  Mary's  co.  Md. 

ST.  JAMES,  pnrislH  Charleston  district, 
S.  C.  on  S.  side  of  the  Santcc,  40  m.  NNE. 
from  Charleston.     Pop.  3,743. 

ST.  JOHN'S,  lake  of  La.  in  Concordia, 
once  n  bend  of  the  Mississippi. 

ST.  JOHN  BAPTISTE,  parish,  I-a.  on 
both  sides  of  the  Mississippi  river,  above  St. 
Charles,  and  between  St.  James.  Area  about 
150  sq.  ms.  Pop.  in  1820,  .3,854;  in  1830, 
5,700.     Chief  town,  Bonnet  Carr6. 

ST.  JOHN,  or  Prince  Edward's  Island,  isl. 
in  the  gulf  of  St  Ijuwrence,  to  tlie  W.  of  tlie 
island  of  Cape  Breton,  and  N.  of  Nova  Scotia, 
about  100  m.  long,  and  30  in  its  mean  breadth. 
Ciiarlotte's  Town  is  the  capital.  Lon;  63°  W. ; 
lat  46°  20'  N.     Pop.  6,000. 

ST.  JOHN,  t  and  fort,  Canada,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  river  Chamblce,  20  m.  SE.  from 
Montreal.  Lat  45°  19'  N.  The  British  naval 
force  on  Lake  Champlain  had  its  principal  sta> 
tion  here  during  the  late  war. 

ST.  JOHN'S,  the  capital  of  Newfoundland, 
is  on  tlie  SE.  coast  of  the  isl.  It  contains  about 
13,000  inhabitants.  In  Feb.  1816,  a  dreadful 
fire  destroyed  117  houses.  In  Nov.  1817,  two 
still  more  dreadful  conflagrations  laid  waste 
nearly  the  whole  of  the  town.  Not  less  than 
half  a  million  sterling  of  proiierty  was  de- 
stroyed in  a  few  hours.     Lat.  47°  35'  N. 

ST.  JOHN'S,  r.  the  principal  river  of  East 
Florida.  Its  sources  have  not  been  exactly 
ascertained,  but  it  is  supposed  to  issue  from 
Lake  Mayaco,  between  lat  26°  and  27°  N.  It 
runs  N.  parallel  with  the  Atlantic  coast,  ex- 
panding into  several  lakes,  particularly  Lake 
George,  which  is  20  miles  long  and  15  wide, 
and  embosoms  several  islands.  Within  20  m. 
of  its  mouth  the  river  turns  to  the  E.  and  falls 
into  the  Atlantic,  near  lat  30°  N.  36  m.  S.  St. 
Mary's.  Its  whole  length  is  al)out  300  m.  and 
it  is  navigable  for  vessels  which  can  pass  the 
bar  at  its  mouth,  for  150  m.  to  Lake  George. 
The  bar  has  10  feet  of  water  at  low  tide,  and 
13  feet  at  high  water,  and  there  is  g(x)d  an- 
chorage outside  of  the  bar  for  large  vessels. 

ST.  JOHN'S,  r.  Miso.  which  flows  into  the 
S.  side  of  the  Missouri,  E.  of  (Jasconade  river. 

ST.  JOHN'S,  r.  N.  America,  which  rises 
from  several  sources  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
state  of  Maine,  flows  through  New  Brunswick, 
and  empties  Itself  into  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  It 
is  350  miles  long,  and  navigable  for  sloops  60 
miles,  and  for  Iwats  200. 

ST.  JOHNSBURY,  t  Caledonia  co.  Vt  7  m. 
NE.  from  Danville,  35  NE.  from  Montpelier. 
Pop.  1,592.  Here  is  u  pleasant  village,  situ- 
ated on  the  Pasunisuc,  containing  valuable 
mills,  togetlier  with  some  manufactories,  and 
trade. 

ST.  JOSEF,  t  Cuba,  125  m.  WSW.  fVom 
Havana. 

ST.  JOSEF,  t  New  Mexico,  on  the  Bravo, 
27  m.  NW.  from  Santa  F6. 

ST.  JOSEPH,  t.  Florida,  in  a  bay  of  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  to  which  it  gives  name.  Lon. 
85°  34'  W. ;  lat  29°  48'  N. 


396 


SAI— SAI 


ST.  JOSEPH'S,  Biiiall  bay,  Florida,  to  the 
W.  of  Apalachicola  Bay,  within  4  miles  of 
which  its  waters  approach. 

ST.  JOSEPH'S,  isl.  U.  C.  in  the  straits  of 
St  Mary's,  which  connect  Lake  Sujxjrior  with 
Lake  Huron.  It  is  about  75  miles  in  circum- 
ference, and  is  separated  by  a  channel  from 
Drummond's  Island  at  the  mouth  of  the  river. 
On  tlie  S.  point  of  the  island  is  the  site  of  a 
British  fort  destroyed  during  the  last  war,  and 
near  it  an  establishment  of  the  NW.  Fur 
Company. 

ST.  JOSEPH'S,  r.  In.  and  Michigan,  which 
runs  N  W.  into  SE.  part  of  Lake  Michigan.  It 
is  upwards  of  200  miles  long,  and  navigable 
for  boats  nearly  its  whole  lengtli.  Fort  St. 
Joseph  is  built  upon  it,  170  m.  WSW.  from 
Detroit 

ST.  JOSEPH'S  RIVER,  r.  In.  which  runs 
S.  and  unites  with  the  St.  Mary's,  at  Fort 
Wayne,  to  form  the  Maumee. 

ST.  JUAN  DE  BUENAVISTA,  t  Cuba, 
on  the  N.  coast  Lon.  77°  57'  W. ;  lat.  22° 
2'N. 

ST.  LANDRE,  or  Opclousas,  t.  La. 
ST.  LAWRENCE,  one  of  the  largest  rivers 
of  N.  America,  which  rises  near  the  sources 
of  tlie  Mississippi,  and  passing  through  the 
great  lakes  Superior,  Huron,  Erie,  and  Onta. 
rio,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  by  a 
mouth  90  miles  wide.  That  part  of  it  only 
between  its  mouth  and  Montreal,  is  commonly 
called  St  Lawrence.  Between  Lake  Erie  and 
Lake  Ontario,  it  is  called  Niagara  river,  and 
the  parts  between  the  other  lakes  have  other 
names.  It  forms  a  communication  of  more 
than  2,000  miles  in  extent  It  is  navigable  for 
ships  of  tiie  line  400  miles  to  Quebec,  und  for 
ships  drawing  14  feet  water  to  Montreal,  580 
miles. 

ST.  LAWRENCE,  Gulf  of,  a  gulf  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  inclosed  be- 
tween Newfoundland,  Labrador,  ('anada.  New 
Brunswick,  Nova  Scotia,  and  the  Island  of 
Cape  Breton.  It  is  .350  miles  long,  and  150 
broad.    Lon.  57=^  to  65°  W. ;  lat.  47°  51'  N. 

ST.  LAWRENCE,  northern  co.  of  N.  Y.  on 
St.  Lawrence  river ;  bounded  by  St.  I>iiwrcncc 
NW.  Franklin  co.  E.  Hamilton  and  llerkiiTicr 
cos.  S.  and  Herkimer  Lewis,  and  Jefferson 
SW.  Length  60  m.  mean  width  44.  The  sur- 
face is  rather  uneven,  and  the  soil  generally 
very  good.  Chief  town,  Potsdam.  Pop.  in  1820, 
16,037;  in  1830,  36,351. 

ST.  LEONARD'S,  t  Calvert  co.  Md.  on  tiic 
W.  side  of  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  10  m. 
NW.  of  Drumpoint,  12  NE.  of  the  town  of 
Benedict  on  the  Potomac,  and  58  from  W. 

ST.  LOUIS,  CO.  Miso.  bounded  by  Missouri 
river  NW.  Mississippi  E.  Marameck  river  S. 
and  Franklin  co.  W.  Length  40  m.  mean 
width  15,  Pop.  in  1820, 10,049 ;  in  1830, 14,907. 
Chief  towh,  St  Louis. 

ST.  LOUIS,  t.  St.  Louis  co.  and  the  largest 
town  in  Missouri,  on  W.  bank  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, 18  m.  by  water  below  the  jmiction  of  the 
Missouri,  14  above  that  of  the  Marameck,  and 
856  from  W.  Lon.  8!»°  36'  VV. ;  lat  38^  30'  N. 
Tliu  situation  of  tlie  town  is  elevated,  pleasant 


and  healthy.  The  ground  on  which  it  stands 
rises  gradually  from  the  first  to  the  second 
bank.  Thr«;e  streets  run  parallel  with  the  river, 
and  arc  intersected  by  a  number  of  others  at 
right  angles.  The  town  extends  olong  the 
river  about  2  miles.  Most  of  the  houses  tliat 
have  been  added  within  tlie  last  ten  years,  have 
been  of  brick  or  stone.  Some  of  the  public 
buildings  arc  handsome.  There  are  two  re- 
spectable Protestant  churches.  The  Catholic 
cathedral  was  intended  to  be  a  magnificent 
structure ;  it  is  not  yet  completed.  A  spacious 
town-house  ii  a  great  ornament  to  the  city. 
The  town  has  extended  itself  along  the  hill, 
and  some  of  the  best  houses  are  on  that  de- 
lightful elevation.  The  houses,  in  1820,  were 
reckoned  at  more  than  600.  By  the  census  of 
1830,  it  contained  2,503  free  males;  1,889  free 
females ;  1,668  slaves ;  287  free  persons  of  color. 
Total,  6,694.  I'he  town  was  then  stationary, 
or  perhaps  retrograde.  .  But  since  tliat  time 
the  lead  business  has  been  reanimated  by  a 
protecting  duly  upon  foreign  lead.  The  fur 
trade  has  received  a  new  impulse.  The  town 
has  recovered  from  the  shock  caused  by  the 
failure  of  its  banks.  It  has  at  present  a  branch 
of  the  United  States  bank.  A  healthy  circu- 
lation has  been  restored,  and  the  town  is  now 
rapidly  increasing  in  business  and  population. 
In  the  year  1818, 100  houses  were  added  to 
the  place.  Three  or  four  gazettes  are  printed 
here.  The  passage  to  New  Orleans  is  1,200 
miles  by  the  river,  and  there  are  6  steam-bouts 
constantly  plying  between  these  two  places. 
There  arc  also  the  same  number  constantly 
running  between  this  place  and  Iiouisville,  Ix'- 
sidcs  others  to  different  places.  See  page  148. 
ST.  LOUIS,  r.  NW.  Territory,  which  flows 
into  W.  end  of  Lake  Superior,  lon.  91°  52'  W.; 
lat.  46°  44'  N. 

ST.  LOUIS'  BAY,  bay  on  S.  coast  of  Miss, 
in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Lon.  89°  17'  W. ;  lat. 
30°  17'  N. 

ST.  MARKS,  r.  Florida,  rising  near  the 
mouth  of  St.  John's  river,  and  running  thence 
nearly  S.  and  parallel  to  the  sea-coast.  The 
course  of  this  little  but  curious  stream  is  about 
30  miles,  falling  into  the  bay  or  harbor  of  St. 
Augustine,  its  banks  mostly  swampy. 

ST.  MARI'lN,  one  of  the  Leeward  Carib- 
bean  Islands,  in  the  West  Indies,  lying  to  the 
NW.  of  St.  Bartholomew,  and  to  tlie  SW.  of 
Anguilla.  It  is  42  miles  in  circumference,  has 
neither  harbor  nor  river,  but  several  salt-pits. 
It  wiis  long  jointly  possessed  by  the  French 
and  Dutch ;  but  at  the  commencement  of  tlio 
late  war,  the  former  were  expelled  by  the  latter. 
Lou.  63°  W. ;  lat  8°  14'  N. 

ST.  MARTIN'S,  parish  of  La.  in  Attakapas, 
bounded  by  Opelousas  NW.  and  W.  Gulf  o. 
Mexico  SW.  St.  Mary's  parish  in  Attakapas 
SE.  and  the  Atchafalaya  river  NE.  and  E. 
Length  80  m.  breadth  40.    Pop.  7,204.   Chief 
town,  St.  Martinsville.  This  parish  is,  through- 
out its  whole  extent,  an  unbroken  plain,  and 
the  soil  is  highly  fertile  in  cotton  and  sugar- 
cane. , 
ST.  MARTIN'S,  v.  Worcester  co.  Md. 
ST.  MARTINSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  St  Mar- 


SAI— SAL 


897 


ch  it  stands 
the  second 
ith  the  river, 
of  others  at 
s  along  the 
houses  that 
1  years,  have 
if  the  public 
arc  two  rc- 
The  Catholic 
magnificent 
.   A  spacious 
:  to  the  city. 
long  the  hill, 
3  on  that  (le- 
in  1820,  wore 
the  census  of 
les;  1,889  free 
;rsons  of  color, 
en  stationary, 
nee  that  time 
inimated  by  a 
3ad.    The  fur 
«3.    The  town 
caused  by  the 
•esent  a  branch 
licaltliy  circu- 
c  town  is  now 
and  population, 
were  added  to 
Ltes  arc  printed 
irleans  is  1,200 
re  6  steam-boats 
bse  two  plact's. 
iber  constantly 
[1  Louisville,  Ix;- 
Sec  page  148. 
)ry,  which  flows 
Ion.  91°  52' W.; 

3.  coast  of  Miss. 
B9°17' W.;  lat. 

rising  near  the 
running  thence 
sea-coast.  The 
I  stream  is  about 
or  harbor  of  St. 
wampy. 

liCcward  Carib- 
ies,  lying  to  tlie 
I  to  the  SW.  of 
rcumfercnce,  has 
several  salt-pits- 
I  by  the  French 
enccment  of  the 
lied  by  the  latter. 

La.  in  Attakapas, 
and  W.  Gulf  o, 
ish  in  Attakapas 
ver  NE.  and  E. 
op.  7,204.  Chief 
arish  is,  through- 
)roken  plain,  and 
lotton  and  sugar- 

3ster  CO.  Md. 
and  cap.  St.  Mar- 


tin's parish,  La.  ou  the  Teche,  9  m.  by  land 
and  32  by  water  above  New  Iberia,  1,366  from 
W.  Lat  30°  10'  N.  It  is  pleasantly  situated, 
and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  market- 
house,  an  academy,  a  Roman  Catholic  church, 
and  about  100  dwelling-houses.  It  is  situated 
in  a  weil-cuttivatcd  and  productive  country. 

ST.  MARY'S,  CO.  Md.  bounded  NE,  by  Cal- 
vert  c&  EI  by  Chesapeake  Bay,  SW.  by  tlie 
Potomac,  and  W.  by  Ciiarles  co.  Chief  town, 
Lconardstown.  | 

ST.  MARY'S,  V.  formerly  Fort  St.  Mary's, 
Mercer  co.  Ohio,  about  74  m.  NW.  by  W.  from 
C-olumbus,  and  120  N.  from  Cincinnati. 

ST.  MARY'S,  L  and  s-p.  Camden  co.  Geo. 
at  the  mouth  of  St.  Mary's  river,  131  m.SSW. 
from  Savannah.  Lon.  81°  43'  W.;  lat.  30° 
43'  N.  This  was  a  place  of  considerable  trade 
during  the  late  war,  but  1ms  since  considerably 
declined. 

ST.  MARY'S,  r.  which  rises  in  Ohio,  and 
runs  NNVV.  and  unites  with  the  river  St.  Jo- 
seph's at  Fort  Wayne,  to  form  the  Maumce. 

ST.  MARY'S,  r.  which  divides  the  state  of 
Georgia  from  East  Florida,  and  runs  into  the 
sea,  lon.  81°  40'  W. ;  lat.  30°  43'  N. 

ST.  MARY'S  FALLS,  cataract  in  St.  Ma- 
ry's  river,  between  Lake  Superior  and  Lake 
Huron.  The  Falls  of  St.  Mary  do  not  descend 
perpendicularly,  as  those  of  Niagara  and  St. 
Anthony  do,  but  consist  of  a  rapid,  which  con- 
tinues near  5  of  a  mile,  over  which,  canoes, 
well  piloted,  may  pass. 

ST.  MARY'S  BAY,  bav  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Newfoundland  Lon.  .54=  20'  W. ;  lat.  r-,l°  N. 
ST.  MARY'S  ISLANDS,  cluster  of  small 
islands,  in  tlic  Gulf  of  St  Lawrence,  near  the 
S,  coast  of  Labrador.  Lon.  60°  W. ;  lat.  50° 
20' N. 

ST.  MARY'S  KEYS,  rocks  on  the  S.  coast 
of  Newfoundland.  Lon.  53=  55'  W. ;  lat  46= 
47' N. 

ST.  MARY'S  KEY,  isl.  in  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  near  the  coast  of  Florida.  Lon.  89° 
12' W.;  lat  30°  11' N. 

ST.  MARY'S  RIVER,  or  St  Mary's  Straits, 
r.  America,  runs  from  Lake  Superior  to  Lake 
Huron.  On  this  river  are  2  forts.  Lon.  84° 
24'  W. ;  lat  46°  22'  N.  It  is  nearly  70  miles 
long. 

ST.  MARY'S  RIVER,  r.  Nova  ScoUa,  runs 
into  the  sea,  in  lon.  61°  W. ;  lat.  45°  5'  N. 

ST.  MAURICE,  r.  L.  C.  flows  into  the  N. 
side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  by  three  channels, 
which  gave  name  to  the  town  of  Three  Rivers, 
on  its  west  bank. 

ST.  MAURICE,  CO.  L.  C.  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  St  Lawrence,  between  Warwick  and 
Hampshire  cos.    Chief  town.  Three  Rivers. 

ST.  MICHAEL'S,  v.  Madison  co.  Miso.  on 
a  branch  of  St  Francis  river,  about  35  m.  SW. 
from  St  Genevieve. 
ST.  MICHAEL'S,  v.  Talbot  co.  Md. 
ST.  MICHAEL'S,  v.  Washington  district, 
Missouri. 

ST.  PAUL'S,  parish,  Charleston  district, 
S.  C,  E.  of  the  Edisto,  18  m.  W.  from  Charles 
ton. 


ST.  PETER'S,  parish,  Beaufort  district, 
S.  C.  on  the  Savannah.    Pop.  3,834. 

ST.  PETER'S,  r.  N.  America,  which  rises 
a  considerable  way  to  the  NW.  and  after  a 
SE.  course  of  4  or  500  m.  joins  the  Missis- 
sippi about  12  m.  below  St.  Anthony's  Falls, 
lat  44°  40'  N.  At  its  junction  with  the  Mis- 
sissippi  it  is  about  100  yards  broad.  It  has  a 
great  depth  of  water,  and  in  some  places  runs 
very  briskly.  Alwut  50  m.  from  its  mouth  are 
some  rapids,  and  much  higher  up  are  many 
others. 

ST.  PHILIP'S,  Fort,  strong  fortress  of  Uie 
island  of  Minorca,  which  defends  the  harbor  of 
Port  Mahon.  Lat.  39°  50'  N. ;  lon.  3°  48'  E. 
ST.  REGIS,  r.  N.  Y.  which  runs  into  Uie 
St  Lawrence,  at  the  town  of  St.  Regis,  in 
Canada.     Iicngth  80  m. 

ST.  SALVADOR,  one  of  the  Bahama  Isl- 
ands. 

S'i'.  STEPHEN'S,  parish,  S.  C.  in  Cliarles- 
ton  district    Pop.  2,416. 

ST.  TAMANY,  parish.  La.  bounded  by 
Pearl  river  E.  Lake  Borgne,  the  Rigolcis,  and 
Lake  Ponchartrain  S.  the  river  St.  Helena  W. 
and  tlie  parisli  of  Washington  N.  liCngth  50 
m.  mean  width  20.  Chief  town,  Covington. 
Pop.  in  1820, 1,723 ;  in  1830,  2,864. 

ST.  THOxMAS,  parish,  Charleston  district, 
S.C. 

ST,  THOMAS,  one  of  the  Virgin  Islands, 
in  the  West  Indies,  with  a  harbor,  a  town,  and 
a  fort,  15  m.  in  circumference,  and  belongs  to 
the  Danes.  Lon.  64°  51'  W. ;  lat  18°  21'  N. 
ST,  THOMAS,  t.  Cuba,  30  m.  WSW.  from 
Havana. 

ST.  THOMAS,  isl.  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
near  the  coast  of  Mexico.     Lat.  20°  10'  N. 

ST.  THOMAS,  t  Mexico,  in  Vera  Paz,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Guanacos,  ."jO  m.  E. 
from  Vera  Paz.  Lon.  90°  26'  W.;  lat.  15° 
46'  N. 

ST.  VINCENT,  isl.  in  the  West  Indies, 
about  40  m.  long  and  10  broad,  containing 
about  84,000  acres,  or  131  sq.  ms.  It  is  rug- 
ged and  mountainous.  Of  tlie  84,000  acres  in 
the  island,  about  47,000  are  cultivated.  Sugar 
is  the  principal  production, 

SAINTES,  three  of  the  Leeward  Caribbee 
Islands,  in  the  West  Indies,  between  Guada- 
loupc  and  Dominica, 
SALEM,  CO.  S.  C,  W.  of  WiUiamsburg. 
SALEM,  t  Salem  co.  S.  C. 
SALEM,  t  Columbiana  co.  Ohio,  9  m. 
NNW.  from  New  Lisbon,  64  NW.  from  Pitta- 
burg.    Pop.  1,723. 
SALEM,  t  Livingston  co.  Ken.    Pop.  254. 
SALEM,  t  Orleans  co.  Vt.  at  S.  end  of  Lake 
Memphremagog,  60  m.  NNE.  from  Montpe- 
lier.    Pop.  258. 

SALEM,  t  Rockingham  co.  N.  H.  35  m. 
N.  from  Boston,  35  SW.  from  Portsmouth,  36 
SSE.  from  Concord.  Pop.  1,310.  Hero  is  a 
woollen  manufactory. 

SALEM,  s-p.  and  cap.  Essex  co.  Mass.  4J 
m.  NW.  from  Marblehead,  14  NNE.  from  Bol- 
ton, 24  S.  from  Newburyport.  Pop.  13,886. 
It  is  chiefly  built  on  a  neck  of  land  formed  by 


398 


SAI^SAL 


»''{■ 


two  inlets  from  the  sea,  callfd  North  siiid  Soiitli 
rivers  ;  over  tlie  fbriiier  ■  f  which  in  a  hriclpi!, 
upwards  of  l./iOO  fvvt  lonp,  conncctinff  Salem 
with  Beverly,  and  tlie  latter  forms  the  liarhor. 
The  harbor  has  j^ood  anehornfje,  but  the  water 
is  so  shallow,  that  vessels  drawingf  more  than 
12  or  14  feet  must  be  lightened  at  a  distance 
from  the  wharves.    The  situation  of  Salem  is 
low,  but  pleasant  and  healthy.    It  is  well  built, 
and  with  regard  to  population,  wealth,  and 
commerce,  is  among  the  first  in  N.  England. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  alms-house, 
a  market-liouse,  ti  banks,  an  Athenaeum  con- 
taining 5,000  volumes,  a  valuable  Museum, 
belonging  to  the  East  India  Marine  Society, 
and  II  churches.     It  has  a  flourishing  com- 
merce, and  it  was  one  of  the  first  towns  in  the 
U.  States  to  enter  into  the  East  India  trade. 
Though  the  town  is  not  very  regularly  liiid 
out,  and  has  narrow  streets,  tlic  neat  and  com- 
fortable style  of  the  buildings  gives  it  a  very 
cheerful  aspect.     It  is  beautified  with  many 
splendid  private  mansions,  aud  the  centre  of 
the  town  is  adorned  with  a  liandsome,'incloscd 
common,  elegantly  planted  with  sliade-trces. 
Salem  is  tlie  oldest  town  in  the  state,  except 
Plymouth.    The  shipping  Iiclonging  to  this 
port  in  1828,  was  48,210  tons.    Lat  42°  34' 
N. ;  Ion.  70°  .54'  W. 

SALEM,  New,  t.  PVanklin  co.  Mass.  18  m. 
ESE.  from  Greenfield,  80  VV.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  I,88i>.    Here  is  a  respectable  academy. 

SALEM,  t  Wasliington  co.  N.Y.  18  m. 
SE.  from  Sandy  Hill,  21)  S.  from  Wli"ohall,46 
NE.  from  Albany,  Poj).  2,')72.  The  courts 
for  the  county  are  held  alternately  here  and  at 
Sandy  Hill.  Here  is  a  handsome  village,  situ- 
ated on  an  extensive  plain,  containing  a  court- 
house, a  jail,  an  academy,  several  cliurches, 
and  two  or  three  printing-otHces. 

SALEM,  North,  t.  Westchester  eo.  N.  Y.  53 
m.  NNE.  from  New  York.  Pop.  .1,276.  Here 
is  an  academy. 

SALEM,  South,  t.  Westcliestcr  co.  N.  Y.  50 
m.  NNK  from  New  York.     Pop.  1,557. 

SALEM,  CO.  N.  J.  bounded  N.  by  Glouces- 
ter ca  E.  by  Cumberland  co.  SW.  and  W.  by 
the  Delaware.  Pop.  14,155.  Chief  town, 
Salem. 

SALEM,  t.  and  cap.  Sakm  co.  N.  J.  on  Sa- 
lem creek,  3J  ni.  from  Delaware  Bay,  37  SSW. 
from  Philadelphia.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
a  jail,  a  market-house,  an  academy,  a  printing- 
office,  which  issues  a  weekly  i)aper,  and  4 
houses  of  public  worship,  for  Episcopalians, 
Baptists,  Friends,  and  Methodists.  Pop.  1,570. 
It  is  a  pleasant  town,  and  a  place  of  some  trade. 
SALEM,  V.  Botetourt  co.  Va.  20  m.  SSW. 
from  Fincastle,  190  W.  by  S.  from  Richmond. 
SALEM,  t,  Fauquier  co.  Va. 
SALEM,  t.  Stokes  co.  N.  C.  watered  by  a 
small  branch  of  the  Yadkin,  34  m.  NE.  from 
Salisbury,  100  W.  from  Raleigh,  355  from  W. 
It  is  a  handsome  Moravian  town,  built  of 
brick,  and  chiefly  on  one  street,  about  a  mile 
and  a  half  long,  paved  and  planted  with  rows 
of  trees  on  each  side.  It  contains  a  church, 
ani  has  manufactures  of  potters'  ware,  sad- 
dleiy,  gloves,  hosiery,  &,c.     The  Moravian 


Academy  for  females,  at  this  place,  is  an  ex- 
eellfiit  and  popular  institution.     Its  buildings 
are  4  in  numlicr,  each  4  stories  high,  and  of 
brick.     It  is  located  on  a  handsome  square  in 
the  centre  of  the  town,  planted  with  trees,  and 
ornamented  with  fine  gravel-walks.     It  is  at- 
tended by  young  ladies  from  various  parts  of 
the  U.  States. 
SALEM,  t. Champaign  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,237. 
SALEM,  t  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Muskingum.     Pop.  257. 
SAIiEM,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  l,!)f;0. 
SALEM,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  573. 
SALEM,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  in  the  N  K. 
corner  of  tlie   state.     Here  are  iron-works. 
Pop.  1,660. 
SALEM,  t.  New  London  co.  Ct.    Pop.  974. 
SALEM,  t  and  cap.  Washington  co.  In.  21 
m.  NW.  from  Jeffersonville,  34  N.  from  Cory- 
don,  613  from  W. 

SALEM,  V.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  in  Water- 
bury,  16  in.  NNW.  from  New  Haven.  It 
stands  on  the  E.  bank  of  Naugatuek,  or  W.i- 
terbury  river,  on  tlie  main  turnpike  road  from 
New  Haven  to  Litchfield.  A  fine  wooden 
bridge  here  crosses  the  Naugatuek. 
.  SALEM,  V.  Sumpter  district,  S.  C.  12  m.  E. 
from  Sumpter. 

SALEM,  V.  Baldwin  co.  Geo.  on  the  left 
bank  of  Oconee  river,  nearly  opposite  Mil- 
ledgeville. 

SALEM,  V.  Clarke  co.  Geo.  53  in.  N.  from 
Milledgeville. 

SALEM  CENTRE,  v.  in  the  eastern  part 
of  Westchester  co.  N.Y.  50  m.  NNE.  from 
the  city  of  New  York. 

SALEM  CREEK,  Salem  co.  N.  J.  rises  in 
tlie  centre  of  the  county,  and  flowing  netirly 
W.  passes  Salem,  and  falls  into  Delawun;  IJiiy, 
3J  in.  below.  It  is  navigable  for  vessels  of 
50  tons  to  Salem. 

SALINA,  t.  Onondago  co.  N.  Y.  5i  ni.  N. 
from  Onondaga,  36  SSE.  from  Oswego,  l.'Jil 
W.   from   Albany.    Pop.   6,!)29.     Onondaga 
Lake,  and  the  principal  salt-springs  and  salt- 
works of  the  state,  are  in  this  town.     Salt  is 
made  here  by  solar  evaporation,  as  well  as  by 
boiling.    The  vats  erected  for  this  purpose 
cover  5  or  GOO  acres  of  ground.     The  salt 
made  by  this  process  is  coarse,  and  equal  in 
purity  to  any  in  the  world.    Quantity  of  salt 
insjiect^J   in  1831,  1,514,037  bushels.     The 
neat  revenue  derived  from  salt-duties  by  the 
state,  from  1817  to  1831  inclusive,  is  afjout 
§1,400,000.    This  township  contains  a  village 
of  the  same  nunie,  and  three  ,:fhrrs,  viz.  Liver- 
pool, Syracuse,  and  Gedti  s 
SALINA,  t  Randolph  co.  II. 
SALINE,  southern  t.  of  C-olumbiana  co. 
Ohio,  so  called  on  account  of  salt-springs 
found  within  its  limits,  along  the  banks  of 
Yellow  creek.     Pop.  666. 
SALINE,  v.  Randolph  co.  II. 
SALINE,  r.  Arkansas,  rises  about  20  m. 
NE.  from  the  warm-springs  of  Ouaehitta,  and 
flowing  nearly  S.  falls  into  Ouaehitta  at  N.  lat. 
33"  40'. 

SALINE,  r.  Arkansas,  a  branch  of  the  Lit- 
tle river  of  the  North. 


mee 
cons 

S: 

5  m. 

119 

800. 

on  a 

town 

Neai 

der  I 

ceme 

feet 

lengf 


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SAL— SAM 


309 


SALINE,  r.  II.  flows  into  tlie  Ohio,  26  m. 
below  the  Wobash.  It  is  navigable  (br  boatx 
30  m.  The  U.  States  have  extensive  salt- 
works  on  tliis  river,  ^0  m.  from  its  nioutii. 

SALINE,  r.  NVV.  part  of  the  state  of  Lou- 
isiana,  whicli  flows  S.  and  unites  with  Black 
Lake  river,  8  m.  NE.  from  Natchitoches. 
There  arc  salt-works  on  this  river,  about  25 
m.  NNE.  from  Natchitoches. 

SALINE,  r.  Missouri,  which  runs  into  the 
Ouachitta,  lat.  33=  10'  N. 

SATilNE,  or  Salt,  r.  La.  which  runs  into 
the  Missouri,  173  ni.  VV.  of  the  Mississipiii. 

SALINE,  r.  La.  runs  into  tiic  Kansas. 

SALINE,  V.  at  the  U.  States'  Sjilt-Works, 
near  Saline  river,  Gallatin  co.  II.  about  li2  iii. 
above  its  mouth,  and  115  ni.  SSW.  from  Van 
dalia. 

SALINES,  v.Miso.  on  W.  bank  of  the  Mis- 
.sissippi,  4  m.  below  St.  Genevieve.  It  is  noted 
for  salt-works. 

SALISBURY,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  44  m.  SW. 
Monti)elicr.  Pop.  907.  Here  is  a  manufac- 
tory of  g-Jass. 

SALISBURY,  t  Merrimack  co.  N.  IL  on 
VV.  side  of  tlie  Merrimack  river,  14  ni.  NNW. 
from  Concord,  38  SE.  from  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege,  5<J  WNVV.  from  Portsmouth,  77  NNW. 
from  Boston.  Pop.  1,379.  The  4th  N.  Hamp- 
shire turnpike  passes  through  this  town ;  and 
upon  this  road,  in  the  south  part  of  the  town, 
there  is  a  pleasant  village,  containing  a  Con- 
•  gregational  meeting-house,  and  an  academy. 

SALISBURY,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Merrimack,  4  m.  NVV.  from  New- 
buryport,  36  NNE.  from  Boston.  Poj).  2,519. 
It  contains  2  parishes,  and  has  a  pleasant  and 
considerable  village,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the 
Merrimack,  below  tlic  junction  of  Powow 
river.  Considerable  business  is  done  at  this 
village  at  ship-building,  and  it  has  some  trade 
in  the  fisheries. 

SALISBURY,  L  Litchfield  eo.  Ct  in  NVV. 
corner  of  the  state,  24  m.  NVV.  from  Litch- 
field. Pop.  2,580.  It  is  a  considerable  town, 
and  contains  large  quantities  of  excellent  iron 
ore,  and  has  several  forges,  iron-works,  and  a 
paper-mill. 

S.\LISBURY,  L  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
St.  Lawrence.    Pop.  1,999. 

SALISBURY,  V.  Blooming  Grove,  Orange 
CO.  N.Y. 

SALISBURY,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  Somer- 
set  CO.  Md.  between  the  two  principal  branch- 
es of  the  Wicomico,  15  m.  ESE.  from  Vienna. 
It  contains  an  Episcopal  church,  a  Methodist 
meeting-housfj,  and  about  100  houses,  and  has 
considerable  trade  in  lumber. 

SALISBURY,  t  and  cap.  Rowan  co.  N.  C. 
5  m.  SW.  of  the  Yadkin,  34  SW.  from  Salem, 
119  WNW.  from  Fayetteville.  Pop.  about 
800.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  bank, 
an  academy,  and  a  ehurch.  It  is  a  flourishing 
town,  and  situated  in  a  very  fertile  country. 
Near  this  town  there  has  been  discovered  un- 
der ground,  a  remarkable  wall  of  stone,  laid  in 
cement,  plastered  on  both  sides,  from  12  to  14 
feet  in  height,  and  22  inches  thick.  The 
length  of  what  has  been  discovered  is  about 


300  feet.  The  top  of  tlic  wall  approaches 
within  one  foot  of  the  surface  of  the  ground. 
When  built,  by  whom,  and  for  what  purpose, 
is  unknown.  A  similar  wall  has  since  been 
discovered,  about  6  m.  from  the  first,  from  4 
to  5  feet  high,  nnd  7  ineln-s  thick. 

SALISHUK  V,  t.  Meigs  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  603. 
Throiigli  this  town  runs  Leading  creek. 

SALISBURY,  t.  Wayne  eo.  In.  4  or  5  m. 
E.  from  Centruvilk",  35  N.  from  Brookvillc. 

SALMON,  r.  Ct.  which  runs  into  the  river 
Connecticut,  in  East  Haddam. 

SALMON,  r.  N.  Y.  flows  into  Lake  Ontario, 
4  m.  N.  from  Mexico  Point.  Length  60  or  70 
m.  There  is  on  this  river,  al)out  10  m.  from 
the  lake,  a  tremendous  rjifaraCf,  which  has  a 
descent  of  110  feet  |MTpc'ndicu!ar. 

SALMON  CREEK,  r.(  ayuga  co. N.Y.  runs 
into  S.  end  of  Lak('  ('ayugn  ;  1!)  >n.  long. 

SALMON  CREEK,  r.  Franklin  co.  N.Y. 
whicli  runs  info  the  St.  Lawrence,  7  m.  N. 
from  French  Mills. 

SALMON  CREEK,  stream  of  St.  Lawrence 
CO.  flows  NNW.  about  70  m.  enters  L.C.  at 
French  Mills,  and  falls  into  St.  Lawrence  river 
at  the  head  of  Lake  St.  Francis. 

SALMON  FAIiL,  local  name  of  that  part 
of  Piscataqua  river,  below  Berwick  falls. 

SALT  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  which  runs  SE. 
into  the  Scioto,  about  15  m.  below  Chillicothe. 
Near  this  river  are  salt-springs,  from  which 
salt  is  manufactured  in  large  quantities.  The 
salt-works  are  about  80  m.  NW.  fromGallipolis. 

SALT  CREEK,  t  Muskingum  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  1,190. 

SALT  CREEK,  t  Pickaway  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,656. 

SALTILLO,  city  of  Mexico,  in  the  state  of 
Coahuilla  y  Texas,  on  the  confines  of  Coahu* 
ilia  and  New  Leon.  Pop.  6,500.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  arid  plains,  upon  which  fresh  water 
is  scarce ;  the  site  is  an  elevated  part  of  the 
great  table-land  of  Anahuae,  sloping  towards 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  tlie  Rio  Grande  del 
Norte.    Lat.  25^  20'  N. 

SALTPETRE  CREEK,  r.  Maryland,  which 
runs  into  Gunpowder  river,  12  m.  ENE.  from 
Baltimore. 

SALT  RIVER,  r.  La.  runs  into  the  Missis- 
sippi, 60  m.  above  the  Illinois  r. 

SALT  RIVER,  r.  of  Miso.  entering  the 
Mississippi  from  the  NW.  about  100  m.  above 
St.  Louis. 

SALT  RIVER,  r.  Ken.  which  runs  NW. 
into  the  Ohio,  20  m.  below  the  Rapids.  It  is 
navigoble  for  boats  60  m. 

SALT  SPRING  RIVER,  r.  Indiana,  which 
runs  into  the  Ohio. 

SALUDA,  r.  S.C.  which  runs  SE.  and  unites 
with  Broad  river  just  above  Columbia,  to  form 
the  Congaree. 

SALUTER,  r.  of  La.  in  Natchitoches  and 
Ouachitta.  The  source  of  this  stream  is  on 
the  line  between  La.  and  Arkansas,  and  it 
flows  into  Ouachitta,  3  m.  below  the  mouth  of 
Barthelony  river. 

SAMPSON,  CO.  N.  C.  bounded  by  New  Han- 
over  SE.  Bladen  SW.  Cumberland  W.  Johnson 
N.  Wayne  NE.  and  Dauphin  E.    Length  35 


400 


SAM— SAN 


iT,i' 


m.  mean  widtli  UO.  Pop.  in  1820,  8,!)03 ;  in 
1830,  11,768.  It  is  drained  by  Black  river 
branch  of  (lapc  Fear  river.  Clinton,  the  chief 
town,  is  about  S.'i  in.  NNW.  from  Wilniyigton. 
SAMPTOWN,  V.  Middlesex  co.  N.J.  14  m. 
WSVV.  from  Elizabethtown. 

SAN  ANTONIO,  city  of  Mexico,  in  the 
Btatc  of  Oaxaca,  130  ni.  SE.  from  tlie  city  of 
Mexico,  and  about  80  N.  from  that  of  Oaxaca. 
SAN  HLAS,  city  and  seaport  of  Mexico,  in 
the  ibrnier  Ciundalaxara,  now  Jalisco,  at  tlic 
mouth  of  the  river  Santiago. 

SANUOUNTOWN,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.H.  25 
m.  NVV.  from  Portsmoutli.     Pop.  2,866. 

SANDEIiSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Washington 
CO.  lieo.  26  III.  E.  from  Milledgcville.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house  and  a  jail. 

SANUFORD,  t.  and  v.  York  co.  Mc.  22  m. 
N.  from  York.    Pop-  '-2.327. 

SANDUATE,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  25  m. 
N.  from  IJonnington.     Pop.  1)33. 

SANDISFIELD,  t.  Bcrksliire  co.  Mass.  20 
m.  SE.  from  Lenox,  112  WSW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,655. 

SANDISTON,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.J.  on  the 
Delaware  river,  11  m.  NVV.  from  Newton. 
Pop.  1,0!I7. 

SAN  DOWN,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.H. '29 
ni.  WSW.  from  Portsmoutli,  and  30  SE.  from 
Concord.    Pop.  553. 

SANDTOWN,  V.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  13  m. 
SSE.  from  Philadelphia. 

SANDUSKY,  r.  Ohio,  runs  NE.  into  San- 
dusky Bay,  at  the  town  of  Sandusky.  Lcngtii 
70  m.  This  river  is  navigable,  and  is  con- 
nected with  the  (Jrcat  Miami  by  a  portage  of 
0  m.  and  with  the  Scioto  by  one  of  4  m.  The 
river  has  rapids,  below  which  tliere  is  a  very 
valuable  fishery. 

SANDUSKY,  CO.  Ohio,  bounded  N.  by  Lake 
Eric,  E.  by  Huron  co.  S.  by  Seneca,,  and  W. 
by  Wood  CO.  It  is  30  m.  long,  and  25  broad. 
Pop.  in  1820,  852 ;  in  1830,  2,851.  It  contains 
Lower  Sandusky. 

SANDUSKY,  one  of  the  western  towns  of 
Richland  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  588. 

SANDUSKY,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  on  the  S. 
shore  of  Sandusky  Bay,  3  m.  from  its  entrance, 
25  NE.  from  Fort  Stephenson,  about  100  m.  N. 
from  Columbus,  250  W.  from  Buffalo.  Pop. 
51)3.  It  is  handsomely  laid  out  on  a  beautiful 
site,  and  a  steam-boat  wharf  has  been  erected. 
SANDUSKY,  Lower,  t.  and  cap.  of  Sandus- 
ky CO.  Ohio,  on  tlie  river  Sandusky,  a  few  miles 
from  its  mouth,  115  N.  from  Columbus. 

SANDUSKY,  Upper,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio, 
on  Sandusky  r.  40  m.  S.  from  Lower  Sandusky. 
SANDUSKY  BAY,  bay,  Ohio,  on  SW.  part 
of  Lake  Eric,  20  m.  long,  and  24  broad. 

SANDWICH,  t.  and  cap.  of  Essex  co.  U.C. 
on  Detroit  river,  2  m.  below  Detroit.  It  is  a 
considerable  village,  built  chiefly  on  a  single 
long  street. 

SANDWICH,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.H.,  N.  of 
Squam  Lake,  50  m.  N.  from  Concord,  and  72 
NNW.  from  Portsmouth.  Pop.  2,743.  In  the 
N.  port  of  this  town,  there  is  a  mountain  near 
3,000  feet  high. 
SANDWICH;  t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  on 


Barnstable  Bay,  12  m.  NNW.  from  Barnstable, 
54  SSE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  3;)67.  Here  is 
an  academy.  Sandwick  river  runs  through 
the  town  into  Barnstable  Bay. 

SANDY,  a  N.  t.  of  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  765. 
SAN  I)  Y,  t  Stark  co.  Oliio.    Tap.  909. 
SANDY  BAY,  or  Cove,  buy,  on  tlic  coast 
of  Mass.  N.  of  Cape  Ann.    Lon.  70°  38'  W. ; 
hit.  42°  41'  N. 

SANDY  CREEK,  r.  S.C.  runs  into  the  Con- 
garcc.     Lon.  81°  40'  W.;  lat.  34=  37'  N. 

SANDY  FORK,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va. 
273  m.  from  W. 

SANDY  HILL,  v.  in  Kingsbury,  N.  Y.  on 
E.  sidcof  the  Hudson,  50  m.N.  from  Albany.  It 
is  delightfully  situated,  just  above  Baker's  Falls, 
and  is  a  regularly  laid  out,  well  built,  and  very 
flourishing  village.  It  contains  a  woollen  and 
a  cotton  factory,  several  iron  works,  and  also  a 
manufactory  of  cotton  bagging  from  hemp. 
This  village,  witli  the  township,  contains  2,606 
inhabitants. 

SANDY  HOOK,  small  isl.  on  the  coast  oC 
N.  J.  in  tlic  township  of  Middlcton,  7  in.  S. 
from  Long  Island,  25  S.  from  New  York.    It 
was  formerly  a  peninsula.    Sandy  Hook,  or 
Point,  forms  a  capacious  harbor.    Here  is  a 
light-liouse,  on  the  N.  point  of  the  Hook,  in 
lon.  72=2'  W.;  lat.  40°  26' N. 
SANDY  HOOK,  v.  Culpcpcr  co.  Va. 
SANDY   INLET,  channel,  between  two 
small  islands  near  the  coast  of  N.  C.  Lon.  77'^' 
50' W.;  ^.34=^  19' N. 

SANDY  LAKE,  lake  of  the  NW,  territory 
of  the  U.  S.  forming  one  of  the  links  in  the 
chain  of  intercommunication  between  Lake 
Superior  and  Mississippi  river. 

SANDY  LAKE  RIVER,  r.  of  the  NW. 
territory  of  the  U.  S.  flows  from  Sandy  Lake, 
and  enters  Mississippi  river  at  lat.  47°  N.  At 
its  outlet  from  Sandy  Lake,  the  U.  S.  SW. 
Company  have  an  establishment. 

SANDY  LICK,  r.  Pa.  runs  into  the  AUe- 
ghany,  about  15  m.  below  Toby's  Crsck. 

SANDY  MOUNT,  v.  Greenville  t.  Va.  77 
m.  S.  from  Richmond. 

SANDY  POINT,  cape,  on  N.  point  of  Nan- 
tucket island.  Lon.  69°  W.;  lat  41°  22'  N. 
SANDY  RIVER,  Big,  riscb  in  the  Laurel 
Mountains,  and  forms  a  part  of  the  boundary 
between  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  and  runs 
NNW.  into  the  Ohio,  40  m.  above  the  Scioto. 
SANDY  RIVER,  Little,  Ken.  runs  into  tlie 
Ohio,  20  m.  below  Big  Sandy. 

SANDY  RIVER,  r.  Me.  runs  into  the  Ken- 
nebcrls,  (i  m.  above  Norridgewock. 
SANDY  SPRING,  v.  Montg(Mnery  co.  Md. 
SANDY  SPRING,  v.  Adams  co.  Ohio,  110 
m.  SSW.  from  Columbus. 

SANDYTOWN,  p.  Sussex  co.  N.J.  85  m. 
N.  from  Trenton. 

SANDYVILLE,  v.  TuscarawM  co.  Ohio, 
136  m.  NE.  from  Columbus. 

SANGAMOIN,  r.  II.  unites  with  the  Illi- 
nois.     It  is  navigable  for  boats  150  m. 

SANGAMOIN,co.Il.onSangamohir.bound- 
ed  S.  by  Montgomery  and  Morgan,  and  W.  by 
Fulton.  Chief  town,  Springfleld.  Pop.  12,960. 


SAN— SAV 


401 


tarnstabky 

Here  is 

h  through 

I  CO.  Ohio. 

1.  909. 

t  Uic  coast 

0°38'\V,; 

ito  the  Con- 
37'  N. 
irg  CO.  Va. 

■y,  N.  Y.  on 
[Albany.  It 
akcr's  Falls, 
ilt,  and  very 
woollen  and 
8,  and  also  a 
from  hemp, 
mtains  2,601) 

the  coast  of 
ton,  7  m.  S. 
;w  York.  It 
idy  Hook,  or 
,  Here  is  a 
the  Hook,  in 

CO.  Va. 
between  two 
C.  Lon.  77=> 

NW.  territory 

e  links  in  the 

twccn  Lake 

of  the  NW. 
Sandy  Lake, 
It.  47°N.    At 

u.  s.  sw. 

linto  the  Allc- 
\s  Creek. 
Ivillc  t.  Va.  77 

point  of  Nan- 
It  41°  22'  N. 
\n  the  Laurel 
Jthe  boundary 
iky,  and  runs 

tc  the  Scioto. 

,  runs  into  tlie 

I  into  the  Ken- 

jnery  co.  Md. 
1  CO.  Ohio,  110 

lo.  N.J.  85  m. 

Iwaa  CO.  Ohio, 

1  with  the  IIU- 
bOm. 

knioui  r.bound- 

fan,andW.by 

Pop.  12,960. 


SANr.RUFIELP,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  1.'') 
m.  S.  I)y  W.  from  Ufica.  it  is  ii  considcrublo 
town,  nnd  Cfintains  a  printinfj-otlicc,  from  which 
is  issurd  a  weekly  newsimper. 

S.AN(ii;RVn,Li:,  t.  I'diobsmt  CO.  Me.  38 
ni.  NW.  from  Mnngor.     l'o\\.  77(i. 

SANTA  ( ;i{l'Z,  one  of  the  ( 'aribbcc  islandH. 
Ixin.  (i4^.'J5' W.;  Int.  17^  1.7  N. 

SANTA  FIO,  CM]»itai  of  New  Mexico,  in  N. 
Aiiiericii,  sealed  ninong'  inoiiiil.-iins,  near  the 
Hio  del  Norte,  [i.V)  m.  N.  of  Mexico,     lion. 

i(i(>j;»r.'  w.;  hit.  ;ir>j  :»3'  n. 

SANTKJ';,  r.  S.  ('.  loniied  by  llic  union  of 
the  Conffarcc^  and  Waleri'e.  It  runs  into  the 
nva.  l)y  two  mouths,  N.  ami  S.  from  S;iMtee,  '2(1 
ni.  Ih'Iow  (Jeorfjetowu.  I,at.  33  '  Iri' N.  Tliis 
liver  iilVords  a  navij^aliou  at  some  seusous 
nearly  3(10  miles,  as  liij^li  up  as  i\lor;;anlown, 
N.  C  Ft  is  coruiected  with  Cooper  river  liy  a 
Ciuial.  The  main  brancli  in  Nortli  Carolina  is 
called  Catawba. 

SANTIACJO,  r,  of  Mexico,  risinp;  about  23 
m.  NW.  from  the  eity  of  Mexico,  on  the  tai)!e- 
land  of  Anabuuc,  tlows  throujfh  the  iulendcn- 
cies  of  Mexico,  ( fuanaxuuto,  (iuadiilaxara,  and 
Valladolid,  and  allcr  an  cuti  re  course  of  about  370 
111.  liiils  into  tiic  Pacific  ( )cean,  at  tlic  city  of 
San  Bias.  Santiajjo  is  by  far  tlu;  largest  stream 
of  {\Iexico:  it  is  navif;able  ibr  some  distance 
from  its  nioutii,  but  the  adjacent  country  is 
thickly  wooded,  uncultivated,  and  nnhcallhy. 

SARA,  creek,  f/a.  in  New  Feliciana,  rises 
in  the  state  of  Mississipiii,  n«!ar  Woodvillc,  and 
flowin"!;  S.  crosses  lat  31'^  N.  and  falls  into  the 
Mississippi  at  St.  Francisville,  after  an  entire 
course  of  25  m. 

SARANAC,  r.  N.  Y.  after  a  NE.  course  of 
65  miles,  flows  into  Lake  Champlain,  at  Platts- 
burfr.  • 

SARATOGA,  co.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  War 
rcn  CO.  E.  by  the  Hudson,  which  sc])arates  it 
trom  Wasiiinjrton  and  Rensselaer  cos.  S.  by 
Albany  co.  S\V.  by  Schenectady  co.  and  W. 
by  Hamilton  and  Montjronicry  cos.  Pop 
3G,61f).    Cliicf  town,  IJallston. 

SARATOGA,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  on  W. 
side  of  the  Hudson,  12  ni.  NE.  from  Hallston, 
31  N.  from  Albany,  3t!l)  from  W.  I'op.  2,20 1. 
This  town  gives  name  to  several  celebrated 
mineral  springs,  which  arc  spread  over  a  tract 
of  country  about  12  ni.  in  extent,  in  Saratoga 
county,  and  are  known  by  dill'erciit  local  names. 
The  most  uo1(h1  are  those  of  Saratoga  and 
iJallston,  which  are  the  most  celebrated  mine- 
rid  waters  in  tlio  United  States.  I'hcy  arc 
strongly  impregnated  with  carbonic  acid,  and 
contain  also  carbonate  of  soda,  muriate  of  soda, 
»<aix!r-earbonatcd  lime,  and  a  carbonate  of  iron. 
These  springs  have  long  been  a  favorite  resort 
during  tlie  summer  montlis,  not  only  for  in- 
vidids,  but  for  people  of  gaiety  and  fashion, 
who  Hock  thither  by  thousands  from  every 
quarter  of  the  Union.  Here  is  a  flourishing 
village,  with  a  post-ofFice,  church,  and  Ji  great 
number  of  excellent  board  ing-liouscs.  Sara- 
toga is  memorable  as  the  place;  where  general 
Burgoyno  surrendered  the  British  army  to 
genera[(4;itcs,  Oct.  17th,  1777. 
SASKACilAWAlNE,  great  river  of  Norti 
3  A 


Amerii;a,  is  (()rmed  by  two  large  hranchem 
Ixitli  rising  ill  (lie  ('hip|M'wan  muuntains,  and 
flowing  generally  lo  the  E.  After  a  course  of 
()()()  ni.  they  uiiiti!  and  How  200  m.  into  the 
NW.  bay  of  lake  Winnipeg.  The  Sc^vern, 
(lowing  Iroiii  tlie  eastern  side  of  lake  Winni- 
peg, is  the  continuation  of  tliu  Saskatcliawi^ine 
and  Assiniiioine  rivers. 

S ASS AI'RAS,  r.  of  Md.  rises  on  the  con- 
fines ol'  Del.  and  flowing  W.  bet\'een  Kent 
and  Cecil  cos.  tiills  into  Cliesaj)oake  tay  11  m. 
S.  Ironi  the  mouth  of  the  Susqueliannah. 

SASSAFRAS,  v.  Kent  co.  Md.  near  the 
head  ol"  the  Sassafras,  17  ni.  S.  from  Fllkton. 

SA'i'AOKET,  V.  in  the  townsliip  of  Brook- 
huvi  n,  on  N.  side  of  Long  Island,  G5  m.  E. 
tiom  New  York.  It  contains  an  elegant  Pres- 
byterian, and  an  Episcopal  cliurch.  It  is  pleas- 
ant and  heiiltliy,  and  is  the  principal  harbor 
tor  wood-ves.s<'ls  on  N.  side  of  the  island. 

SATILLA,  Giral,  r.  Georgia,  runs  J2SE. 
into  tlu;  s(Ni,  N.  of  ('umlierland  island. 

SATHiliA,  Little,  r.  Georgia,  runs  into  the 
sea,  N.  of  Uie  Great  Satilla. 

SAU(JATliCK,  v.  Fairfitthl  co.  Ct.  on  the 
Saugatuck,  3  in.  NE.  from  Norwalk. 

SAUGERTIES,  t.  Ulster  co.  N.Y.  onlhe 
W.  bank  of  the  Hudson,  13  m.  N.  from  Kings- 
ton, .')2  S.  from  Albany. 

SAl '( ;US,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  2i  m.  W.  from 
Lynn,  8  SW.  from  Salem.    Pop.  3,750. 
SAIK^UOIT,  V.  Oneida  co.  N.Y. 
SAVAtil':  MOUNTAINS,  mis.  in  Pennsyl- 
vania,  110  m.  NW.  from  Philadelphia. 

SAVACJE  RIVER,  r.  Maryland,  runs  into 
the  Potomac. 

SAVANNAH,  r.  IJ.  S.  which  is  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  Tugeloo  and  Kcowee.  It 
separates  S.  Carolina  from  Georgia,  and  runs 
SE.  into  the  Atlantic.  It  is  navigable  for  large 
vessels  to  the  town  of  Savannah  17  m.  and  for 
lioats  of  100  feet  keel  to  Augusta,  which,  by 
the  course  of  the  river,  is  340  m.  above  Savan- 
nah. Just  above  Augusta  there  are  falls ;  be- 
yond these  the  river  is  navigable  for  boats  to 
the  junction  of  the  Tugeloo  and  Keowee. 

SAVANNAH,  city  and  port  of  entry,  Chat- 
ham CO.  Geo.  on  SW.  bank  of  the  Savannah  r. 
17  111.  from  its  mouth,  118  SW.  from  Charles- 
ton, 123  SE.  from  Augusta,  160  ESE.  from 
Milledgoville.  Lon.  81°  10'  W. ;  lat.  32°  8*  N. 
Pop.  7,303.  Its  position  is  a  low  sandy  plain. 
It  was  formerly  built  of  wootl,  and  insalubri- 
ous trom  its  marshy  surface  and  contiguihr  to 
rice  swamj)H.  It  has  suffered  severely  from 
fires,  but  the  parts  destroyed  have  been  hand- 
somely rebuilt.  The  rice  swamps  in  the  im- 
mediate vicinity  are  no  longer  inundated,  and 
tlie  health  of  the  city  is  since  much  improved. 
It  contains  12  public  buildings,  among  which  is 
the  United  States  branch  bank,  and  8  churches. 
The  Presbyterian  church  is  an  elegant  and 
spacious  edifice  of  stone.  The  Exchange  is 
a  large  building,  5  stories  high.  The  Academy 
is  partly  of  brick  and  partly  of  stone,  180  feet 
front,  60  teet  wide,  and  3  stories  high.  There 
are  10  public  squares  planted  with  trees,  among 
which  the  beautiful  China  trees  are  conspicu- 
ous.   It  is  a  place  of  very  great  trade,  and  has 


402 


SAV— s(^ir 


'5 


«*;:, 


"f 


"  '■'if 


SAVANNAH,  AND  ITS  ENVIRONS. 


exported  over  130,000  bulcs  of  cotton,  liesides 
large  amounts  of  rice  and  tobacco,  in  a  year. 
It  IS  defended  by  2  forts,  and  the  entrance  to 


the  river  indicated  by  a  lifriit-lioasr  on  Tylxp 
Island.  In  1820, 463  buildings  were  dustruyid 
by  fire,  valued  at  §1,000,000. 


BRANCH  BANK  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES,  AT  SAVANNAH. 


SAVANNAH,  name  of  two  small  rivers  of 
the  NW.  Territory,  one  a  head  branch  of  the 
St.  Louis,  and  tlie  other  of  Sandy  Lake  rivers. 
The  two  Savonnali  rivers  approach  so  near 
each  other,  as  to  leave  only  a  short  portage 
bclwccn  tncnii 

SA VINTON,  V.  Cecil  co.  Md.  110  ni.  from 
W. 

SAVOY,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  25  m.  NE. 
from  Lenox,  120  W.  from  Boston. 

SAWMILL  CREEK,  r.  Md.  runs  into  the 
Potomac. 

SAW  PITT,  v.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y. 

SAYBROOK,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  on  W. 
side  of  the  Connecticut,  near  its  mouth,  oppo- 
site  Lyme,  17  m.  W.  from  New  London,  33  E. 
from  New  Haven.  Pop.  4,980.  It  contains  4 
parishes,  in  each  of  which  is  a  Congregational 
meeting-house ;  a^d  there  are  in  the  township 
4  other  houses  of  public  worship,  2  for  Baptists, 
I  for  Episcopalians,  and  1  for  Methodists.  This 
U  a  place  of  considerable  importance  for  its 


manufactures  of  combs.  There  is  also  a  man 
ufactory  of  augers  and  gimlets. 

SCANTIC,  r.  Ct.  runs  into  the  Connecticut, 
in  East  Windsor. 

SCHAGHTICOKE,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.Y 
on  E.  side  of  the  Hudson,  17  m.  N.  from  Al- 
bany.   Pop.  3,002. 

SCHAGHTICOKE  POINT,  v.  in  Schaghli- 
coke,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hoosac,  20  m.  N.  of 
Albany. 

SCIIELLSBURG,  v.  Bedford  co.  Pa. 

SCHENECTADY,  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Mo- 
hawk, bounded  NW.  by  Montgomery  co.  NE. 
by  Saratoga  co.  S.  by  Albany  co.  and  SW.  by 
Schoharie  CO.  Pop.  12,334.  Chief  tovra,  Sche- 
nectady. 

SCHENECTADY,  city  and  cap.  Schenec- 
tady CO.  N.  Y.  on  tlie  Mohawk,  15  m.  NW. 
from  Albany,  391  from  W.  Pop.  4,258.  The 
city  is  situated  on  SE.  side  of  the  Mohawk,  on 
a  handsome  plain ;  it  is  regularly  laid  out,  and 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  bank,  a  coUege, 


H 


sen— sro 


iiM 


U-liotisr  onTylHP 
ngs  were  dcstro^id 
). 


AH. 

There  is  also  a  man 

ilets. 

nto  the  ConnecUcut, 

Rensselaer  co.  N.Y 
,  17  m.  N.  from  Al- 

)lNT,v.inSchaghti- 
Hoosac,  20  m.  N.  of 

edford  co.  Pa. 
.  N.  Y.  on  the  Mo- 
ilontgomery  CO.  NE. 
,anyco.  andSW.by 
1.  Chief  town,  Schc 

y  and  cap.  Schenec- 
lohawk,  15m.NW. 
r.  Pop.  4^8.  The 
le  of  the  Mohawk,  on 
effularly  laid  out,  anil 
jail,abank,acoUegc, 


«n  academy  for  yoiinjf  ludios  called  the  Wiush- 
ington  IkMirdiiiK-ScliiMil,  nrid  novcrul  Iiouwjh  of 
piiblic  worHhip,  for  rrrsliytorianH,  for  Dutch 
Itefnrmcd,  for  E|>iHcopuliiinB,  and  for  Mitlio- 
dists.  An  elegant  hri<i>/c,  !)l)7  li'ct  in  length,  Ih 
built  in  this  placi!  ucroHH  the  Mohawk.  I'nion 
College  Ih  Kituated  on  K.  side  of  the  eify,  on  an 
elevated  H|H)t.  of  ground,  and  connimnding  a 
delightful  proHjK'ct.  It  was  fomuled  in  17H5, 
and  in  a  very  reHpectJihii!  and  tlonriHhing  semi- 
nary, with  ample  endn\vn)i^nt.s.  'I'lie  l)uildingH 
are  2  elegant  brick  edifice's,  each  ^00  feet  in 
length,  and  4  sfories  high,  iiaving  each  iJ  wings 
extending  l.'j(i  li-et,  and  Iwo  lK)ar(liiig.lu)UH('s. 
'I'lieHo  liuiidingH  contain  upwards  ot'  100  rooms 
fiir  fJie  aeeonnnodation  ol'  students,  nxinis  (or 
the  philosophical  and  eliemieal  apparatus,  lec- 
ture rooms,  ».Vc.  and  aeeonunodatious  for  the 
otficers  of  the  eollege  with  their  tiimilies.  The 
libraries  contain  almut  I  1,000  volmnea.  'i'lu; 
philosophical  ai)i)aratus  and  the  chemical  are 
complete.  The  whole  number  of  griiduates 
from  the  time  of  its  foundation  to  llS.'JO,  was 
1,202.  The  lunnbcr  of  students  ranges  from 
200  to  2j0.  Connucnccment  is  held  on  the 
4th  Wednesday  in  July.  There  are  3  vaca- 
tions ;  the  first  from  connneneemcnt,  7  weeks; 
the  second  from  the  Wedn(;sday  immediately 
preceding  Christmas,  3  weeks ;  the  third  from 
the  first  Wednesday  in  April,  3  weeks.  There 
18  connected  with  tlie  coUcgj  an  academy  con- 
taining alwut  100  students. 

SCHODAC,  t.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y.  on  E. 
side  of  the  Hudson,  f)  m.  S.  from  Albany. 

SCHODAC  LANDING,  v.  Colmnbia  co. 
N.  Y. 

SCHOENBRUNN,  or  Beautiful  Spring, 
Moravian  settlement,  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  Muskingum,  3  m.  below  New  Phila- 
delphia. 

SCHOHARIE,  CO.  central  part,  of  N.  Y. 
bounded  N.  by  Montgomery  co.  NE.  by  Sche- 
nectady, E.  by  Albany  co.  SE.  by  Greene  co. 
SW.  by  Delaware  co.  and  W.  by  Otsego  co. 
Pop.  27,910.    Chief  town,  Schoharie. 

SCHOHARIE,  L  and  cap.  Schoharie  co. 
N.  Y.  24  m.  S.  from  Johnstown,  32  W.  from 
Albany.  Pop.  5,146.  It  is  watered  by  a  river 
of  the  same  name.  Schoharie  village  is  situ- 
ated on  Schoharie  flats,  and  contains  the  coun- 
ty buildings,  a  printing-office,  2  churches,  and 
a  number  of  elegant  houses. 

SCHOHARIE,  r.  N.Y.  runs  N.  tlirough 
Schoharie  co.  into  the  Mohawk,  W.  of  Florida. 
Length  70  m.  The  alluvial  flats  on  this  river 
are  from  1  to  2  m.  wide,  and  arc  very  fertile. 

SCHOHARIE  KILL,  v.  in  the  W.  part  of 
Greene  co.  N.  Y.  61  ni.  SW.  from  Albany. 

SCHOODIC  LAKES,  in  Washington  co. 
Me.  about  40  m.  NNW.  from  Machias. 

SCHOOLEY'S  MOUNTAIN,  a  mountain 
range  and  watering  place,  in  Morris  co.  N.  J. 
The  watering  place  is  in  the  SW  angle  of  the 
CO.  about  20  m,  NE.  from  Easton  in  Pa. 

SCHUYLER,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  on  tlie 
N.  side  of  the  Mohawk  river,  6  m.  NE.  from 
Utica.    Pop.  2,074. 

SCHUYLER'S  LAKE,  lake,  N.Y.  9  m. 
long  and  5  broad,  5  m.  W.  from  Lake  Otsego. 


S<  IIUYLER.SVILLF;v.Marnlogaco.N  7. 

21  m.  N.  frr)m  Albany. 

SCHUYLKILL,  co.  Pa.  bounded  by  Berki 
SE.  Dauphin  SW.  Northumberland  and  C^o- 
lund)ia  N\V.  [.uzerno  N.  and  Northampton 
and  Lihigh  NE.  Length  37  m.  mean  width 
1.1.  Pop.  in  1H20,  li,:W:);  in  1830,  20,7«.3. 
Soil,  rough,  rocky,  and  sterile.  Chief  town, 
Orwigsbnrg, 

SCIHJYLKILL,  r.  Pa.  rises  in  Lireemc  ca 
and  runs  SE.  into  the  Delaware,  6  ni.  below 
I'hilndelphia.  It  is  140  m.  long,  and  naviga- 
ble for  large  merchant-vesselB  to  Philadelphia. 
SCUrro,  salt-works,  near  the  centre  of 
.raekson  co.  Ohio,  reserved  by  the  U.S.  about 
2f<  m.  SK.  from  Chillieothe. 

.^('lOTO,  one  of  the  central  towns  of  Rost 
CO.  Ohio,  containing  the  town  of  Chillieothe. 
I'op.  4,12.3. 

SCIOTO,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  on  tho  W. 
siiio  of  Seioto  river.     Pop.  404. 

St'IOTO,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  462. 
S(  ;i(  )T( ),  t.  Jackson  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  33!>. 
S(;iOTO,  CO.  Ohio,  bounded  by  Ohio  river 
S.  Adams  W.  Pike  N.  Jackson  NE.  and  Law- 
rence  E.  Length  30  m.  mean  width  19.  Pop. 
in  1820,  .1,749 ;  in  1830,  8,730.  Chief  town, 
I'ortsmouth. 

SC;i(  )TO,  r.  Ohio,  rises  near  the  sources  of 
the  Sandusky,  has  a  course  E.  of  S.  passes  by 
Columbus,  CircleviUe,  and  Chillieothe,  and  runs 
into  the  Ohio  at  Portsmouth,  352  m.  bdow 
Pittsburg.  It  is  navigable  for  boats  130  m. 
and  is  connected  with  the  Sandusky  by  a  por. 
tagc  of  4  m.  A  large  part  of  the  country  wa- 
tered by  this  river  is  very  fertile. 

SCIOTO,  Little,  r.  Ohio,  flows  into  the  Ohio, 
20  m.  below  the  Scioto. 

SCIOTO  SALT  SPRINGS, v.R6s8Co.Ohia 
SCIPIO,  t.  Cayuga  co.  N,  Y.  11  m.  S.  from 
Auburn,  180  W.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,691. 
It  lies  on  E.  side  of  Cayuga  Lake,  and  tlie 
township  is  about  10  m.  square,  fertile,  and 
well  cultivated. 

SCITUATE,  t.  and  s-p.  Plymouth  co.  Mass. 
on  a  bay  of  tlie  same  name,  17  m.  SE.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  3,470.  It  contains  3  houses  of 
public  worship,  2  for  Congrcgationalists,  and 
1  for  Episcopalians. 

SCITUATE,  t.  Providence  co.  R.  I.  15  m- 
WSW.  from  Providence.    Pop.  6,853.    It  eon- 
tains  a  bank  and  several  cotton  manufactories. 
SCONONDOA,  V.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 
SCOTCH  PLAINS,  v.  Essex  co.  N.J.  U 
m.  W.  from  Elizabethtown. 
SCOTLAND  NECK,  v.  Halifax  ca  N.C. 
SCOTLAND  SOCIETY,  t.  Windham  ca 
Ct.  between  Windham  and  Canterbury,  34  m. 
a  little  S.  of  E.  from  Hartford. 

SCOTT,  t.  NW.  corner  Cortlandt  oo.  N.  Y. 
extending  from  the  head  of  Skencateles  Lake, 
25  m.  NE.  from  Itliaca.    Pop.  1,452. 

SCOTT,  ca  Va.  bounded  by  Ten.  S.  Lee  ca 
Va.  W.  Cumberland  mountains  or  Va.  N.  Rus- 
sell CO.  NE.  and  Washington  SE.  Length  40 
m.  mean  width  28.  Pop.  in  1820,  4^63;  in 
1830,  5,702.    Chief  town,  Estillville. 

SCOTT,  V.  Adams  co.  Ohio,  107  m.  SSW, 
from  Columbus. 


404 


SCO— SEN 


SCCnT,  ro.  Km.  botinHrd  by  Pnyrtln  Sll. 
Wfxxlford Hr\V.  Frnrikliii  W.Ovven  N.iind  lliir- 
riion  N£.  Lcngtli  14  ni.  incnn  widlli  l.'i.  I'op. 
in  1820,  14,319;  in  IKJO,  Ufill.  Cliuiftown, 
Georffftown.    Hoil  highly  prrKliictivo. 

S(:(JT'r,  oo.  In.  bounded  by  Cliirkn  co.  SK. 
Floyd  H.  WttHhinpton  W.  JackHon  N  VV.  .Fen- 
nin((H  NE.  and  Jefrcrnon  K.     licnjfth  120  iii. 
breadth   l.'i.     I'op.  in   18120,  ^'Mil;  in  IKJO, 
3,097.    Chief  town.  New  lioxinjrtnn.     It  in 
watered  by  Hcvnral  branchcn  of  VVIiito  river. 
S(;0'ri'SU(JK(i,  v.  Ilalinix  a>.  Va. 
SCOTT'S  FKRRY,  v.  All>^in»rl(^  «..  V.i. 
SCO'rrSVILLIO,  v.  (JenncsHco  co.  N.  Y. 
SCO'ITSVIM.K,  V.  Powliutan  co.  Vu.al)out 
30  m.  W.  from  Richmond. 

SCOTTSVILLE,  v.  and  scat  of  juHticc,  Al- 
len  CO.  Ken.  on  a  Hniall  branch  of  Hi^r  Itarnii 
river,  45  in.  E.  from  RusBoUvillc,  and  100  SW. 
by  8.  from  Frankfort. 

SCRAN  EN  BURCJ.  v.  Bcrjrcn  co.  N.  .T.  fi  m. 
NR.  from  Hackensack.  It  containB  2  Uutcli 
churchcR. 

SCRIBA,  t.  Oswcffo  CO.  N.  Y.  at  tlio  moutli 
of  the  OBwego,  173  m.  WNVV.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  2,073. 

SCRIVEN,  CO.  Goo.  between  Siiviniiiali  and 
Ogecchee  rivers,  bounded  by  Etrni}Tham  ro. 
SE.  Ogcecheo  river,  or  Uullock  and  Emanuel 
COB.  SW.  Burko  NW.  and  Savannah  river  Nl']. 
Lenffth  34  m.  mean  width  22.  Pop.  in  18:20, 
3,941 ;  in  1830,  4,77G.  Chief  town,  Jackson- 
borough. 

SCHROON,  t.  Essex  co.  N.Y.,  W.  of  Ticon- 
deroga.  Pop.  1,641.  It  lies  W.  of  Schroon 
Lake. 

SCHROON,  r.  N.  Y.  the  E.  branch  of  the 
Hudson.  It  runs  from  Schroon  Lake  into  the 
Hudson,  and  has  many  falls. 

SCHROON  LAKE,  N.  Y.  12  m.  W.  of  tlic 
N.  end  of  Lake  George.    It  lies  betw«  (!u  Hafrue 
on  the  E.  and  Chester  on  tho  VV.  and  is  al)out 
8  m.  long,  and  1  broad. 
SCTIFFLETOWN,  v.  I<aurens  district,  S.C. 
SCULL  CAMP,  V.  Surrey  district,  NA\ 
SCULLTOWN,  V.  Salem  co.  N..I.  10  m. 
NE.  from  Salem. 

SEABROOK,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  II.  7  m. 
N.  from  Newburyport,  17  SSW.  from  Ports- 
mouth.    Pop.  I,0!)6, 

SEAFORD,  V.  Suswx  ro.  N..T. 
SEAKONNET  ROCKS,  rocks  on  tho  coast 
of  R.  I.  on  E.  side  of  the  entrance  of  Narra- 
ganset  Bay,  6  m.  ESE.  from  Newjiort. 
SEAL,  t.  Pike  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  1,173. 
SEAL  ISLAND,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Me. 
Lon.  68°  40'  W. ;  lat.  43°  50'  N. 

SEAL  ISLANDS,  cluster  of  small  islands, 
in  the  Atlnntic,  near  the  coast  of  Mc.  Lon. 
67°  46'  W. ;  lat.  44'  4'".'  N. 

SEARSBURG,  v.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  13  m. 
E.  from  Bennington. 

SEARSMONT,  t.  Waldo  co.  Mo.  93  m.  NE. 
from  Portland.     Pop.  1,151. 

SEARSVILLE,  v.  Sullivan  co.  N.Y.  103 
m.  SW.  from  Albany. 

SEBAGO,  or  Sebasticook,  lake  of  Cumber- 
land CO.  Me.  out  of  the  E.  part  of  which  flows 
Presumscut  river. 


SEBASTIAN,  St.  town  of  Mexico.  I/m, 
lO.V'.V  W.;  lat.  24^20'  N. 

SEBASTICOOK,  r.  Me.  rises  near  the  PIh 
catii(|iiiH,  and  tiows  into  tlio  KennelH-ck  on  E. 
side,  at  WinHJow.  It  paHwes  through  a  large 
|M)iid  in  Harmony,  and  receives  a  eonHideroble 
easti^rn  branch  in  Palmyra.  Its  whole  length 
is  70  or  80  m.  Great  numbers  of  herringo 
are  caught  in  it. 

SKUEC,  t.  Penobscot  co.  Mo.  82  m.  NNW. 
from  ('iiHtine.     Pop.  !(!(3. 

SKBEC,  lake  and  river,  Maine.  Stlx-o 
Lake  lies  partly  in  Soniersi^t  co.  and  partly  in 
Petiolmcot,  drawing  its  remote  eonlluents  Irnni 
tlie  environs  of  Moose  Head  Lake.  The  out 
let,  retaining  the  suinu  name,  unites  with  llic 
l'iHeiiliii|uis, 

SKlXiWK^K,  s-j).  Hancock  co.  Me.  on  K 
side  of  Penoi)Neot  Bay,  6  in.  SE.  from  CuBtine, 
atiO  NE.  from  Boston.     Pop.  1,606. 

SEEKIIONK,  name  applied  to  Pawtucktt 
river,  below  Pawtud.et  bridge  and  falls,  to  ils 
junetiim  with  Providence  river,  a  distance  (if 
4  or  5  m. 

SEIOKHONK,  t.  Uristol  ro.  Mass.  on  V. 
side  of  Pawtueket  or  Si-eklionk  river,  opiMwitc 
North  Providence,  1!)  m.  WSW.  from  Taiin. 
ton,  .'W  SSW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  2,131.  Th;il 
part  of  Pawtueket  village  which  belongs  \o 
Massachusetts  is  in  tliis  town.  Here  is  a 
bank.  , 

SEGOVIA,  Nrw,  town  of  N.  Amcricn,  in 
Guatemala,  seated  on  the  river  Yare,  on  the 
conluies  of  the  province  of  Ilondnras.  Lon. 
HP  20'  W.;  lat.  KP  2.'»' N. 

SEGUIN,  island,  on  the  coast  of  Miiiiir, 
alwut  3  ni.  from  tho  mouth  of  Kenneheck  river, 
4  in.  E.  from  CafK^  Small  Point.  Lon.  OlP  W 
W. ;  lat.  43='  4l'*N.  There  is  a  liglit-hoas.; 
on  this  island. 

SEliAM,  town  of  N.  America,  in  Mexico, 
situated  near  the  sea-coast.  Lon.  90°  28'  \V,; 
Iat..3i)o  12' N. 

SELBY  PORT,  t.  Alleghany  co.  Md.  .18 
111.  W.  from  (^imberland. 

SELIN'S  GROVE,  v.  Northumberland  co 
Pa. 

SELLERSVILLE,  v.  Biuks  co.  Pa.  in 
Rockhill  town,  .35  m.  NNW.  from  Philadil 
phia. 

SIOLMA,  v  Dallas  co.  Al.  43  m.  from  Ca 
hawba. 

SELSER  TOWN,  or  EllicotsviUe,  t.  Adams 
CO.  Mississippi,  about  15  m.  NE.  from  Natchc? 

SEMPRONIUS,  t.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  14  ni 
SE.  from  Auburn,  160  W.  from  Albany.  P"!' 
.'5,705.  It  lies  W.  of  Skcneatelcs  Lake,  and  I- 
of  Owasco  Lake,  and  is  a  very  valuable  town- 
ship. 

Sl'^.NECA,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  W.  sidr 
of  Sen(!ca  Lake,  12  m.  E.  from  Canandaiguu, 
1!I2  W.  from  Albnny.  Pop.  6,161.  This  if  :i 
very  valuable  township,  and  conUiins  the  Hour 
isliing  village  of  Geneva,  which  see.  Tlitrc 
is  an  extensive  glass  manufactory,  2  m.  soulii 
from  Geneva. 

SF:NE(^A,  r.  N.  Y.  flows  from  Seneca  Lake 
NE.  into  the  Oswego,  in  Cicero.  Its  whuli' 
course  is  alwnt  60  m.     It  afl'ords  considerable 


SEN— HUE 


405 


[cxico.    lion. 

nrar  tlie  Pi« 
incU'ck  on  K. 
■odgli  a  lari;*' 
a  conHulrrablc 
I  whole  Ifiii^tli 
rs  of  liirriiiKM 

82  m.  NNW. 

Vlainc.  Mn-r 
I.  mid  pnrdy  in 
ronihnntr(  I'roni 
,ak«>.  'I'lif  out 
uuiU'H  wiUi  1 1  If 

c  CO.  Me.  on  1' 
K.  from  CuHl'mi', 
1 ,600.. 

d  to  I'awtucktil 
,  ami  fiillH,  to  its 
cr,  a  distttnce  of 

'o.  Mass.  on  V, 
ik  rivi-r,  opiiositf 
SVV.  from  'I'iiii"- 
Pop.  2,134.  'l'l>;it 
vhich  iK'lniifjs  to 
Dwn.     Here   is  a 

)f  N.  Amcvirn,  in 
ivrr  Yarc,  on  the 
Iloadnraa.     I.on- 

!  coast  of  MiiiiK'. 
KcniiclM'ck  rivtT, 
l,int.     I.oii.f.l>^W 
is  a  lis;i\l-hous(! 

icricn,  in  Mexico, 
Lon.90°28'W.; 

rhany  co.  Md.  ^ 
|orth»imbcrland  co. 

Wks  CO.  Ta.  in 
^V.  from  Philadfl 

ll.  43  m.  from  Ca 

licotsviUc,  t.  Adams 
INE.fromNatchrt 
Iga  CO.  N.  Y.  14  111 
Ifrom  Albany.  P"i; 
latelcs  Lake,  and  Iv 
]%ery  valuable  town- 

,.  N.Y.  onW.fitl'' 
Ifrom  Canandaijl";'' 
Jp.  G,lf)l.  Tl.isi?" 
Td  conUins  Ibc  Hour 
fwhich  8CP.  Tiitn- 
[ifactory,  2  m.  pouUi 

Is  from  Seneca  taVe 
1  Cicero.     Its  who!" 
atlbrds  considerable 


facilitioa  for  boat  navigation,  and   niriiiahcM 
Toltiablo  mill-aentH. 

SKNKCA,  CO.  N.  Y.  iKMinded  N.  by  Cnynirn 
CO.  Vi.  by  Cttviiiiu  Id.  and  hike,  S.  liy  Tomi)- 
kinn  CO.  and  \V  .  hy  .Semca  I.ako  mid  eo.  Fop. 
21,0.31.  Chief  toWnn,  WalericH)  mid  Ovid. 
HKNK(;A,  (.  CwsTHsey  co.  Ohio. 
SKNF'X;A,  eo.  (  >liio,  bounded  N,  by  San- 
dusky, ilurou  K.  (  riiwibrd  S.  niid  W.  by  Han- 
cock and  Wood  Fienptli  IIO  in.  breadth  |H. 
Sandusky  river  udwm  aenws  thin  lo.  from  N. 
toH.     Fop.  .'■(4r>.     Chief  town,  Tillin. 

SKNK(;A,  t.  Monr.K;  eo.  Ohio.     Fop.  filO. 
SF.NFX^ACKr.KK,  r.  Md.  runs  into  the 
Potomac,  21  ni.  W.  from  W. 

SENECA  KAF.L.S,  v.  Si^ncca  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  outlet  of  !>!«-neca  Fiake,  10  ni.  Uiow  (iencva, 
4  III.  below  Waterloo,  and  2  ni.  VV.  Ironi  Cay- 
iiffa  brid(fe. 

SENECA  T.AKR,  N.Y.  from  (5  to  l.'i  m. 
VV.  from  ('ayujja  Lake.  It  is  X}  ni.  lonp,  nnd 
from  2  lo  4  broad.  There  is,  on  Die  bank  of 
this  lake,  a  quarry  of  marble,  benutifuliy  va- 
riejjated,  of  an  excellent  ipiality,  and  proof 
a{(ainst  fire. 

SENIX'AVILLE,  V.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  .W 
ni.  E.  from  Columbus. 

SEQCATCIIKF;,  r.  Ten.  rises  in  Rledsoe 
CO.  runs  SVV.  passinjj  through  the  western  part 
of  the  ('herokee  country,  and  flows  into  tiie 
Tennessee. 

SESEME  qui  an,  r.  Indiana,  rmis  into 
the  Illinois. 

SEVERN,  r.  Md.  runs  by  Annajwlis  into 
the  ('hesaiieake,  2  m.  below  the  town. 

SEVERN,  r.  Va.  runs  into  Chesapeake 
Bay,  lat.  37°  23' N. 

SEVIIOR,  CO.  Tennessee  liounded  by  Dusky 
Mountain  or  North  Carolina  SE.  Monroe  S. 
Blount  VV.  Knox  NVV.  JelVrrson  NE.  and 
Coekc  E.  Lenfrth  .33  in.  mean  width  20. 
Chief  town,  Sovierville.  Fop.  in  lf*20,  1,772  ; 
inl83(»,  .Vn. 

SEVlERVIfJiE,  t.  and  cap.  Sevier  eo. 
Ten.  on  a  brancli  of  the  French  IJroad,  about 
30  111.  SE.  from  Knoxville,  .''.00  from  W. 

SEW  EE  DAY,  bay  of  the  Atlantic,  on  the 
coast  of  S.  Carolina.     Lat.  32^  .'58'  N. 

SEWICKf.Y,  r.  Pa.  reus  W.  into  the 
YouKhiojjeny,  !)  m.  above  the  Mononpaheln. 

SEXTON'S  RIVER,  r.  Vt.  rises  in  (Jrafton, 
and  runs  into  the  ('onucclicut,  2  m.  S.  from 
Bellows  Falls. 
SHACKLEFORD,  v.  King  and  Queen  co. 

SHADE,  r.  Ollio,  flows  into  the  Ohio,  10  m. 
below  the  Iloekhoeking-. 

SHADE  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  Pa.  NE.  of 
Lewistovvn. 

SHADY  GROVE,  v.  Franklin  co.  Va.  228 
m.  SW.  bv  VV.  from  Richmond. 

SHAFFERSTOVVN,  v.  in  the  NE.  part  of 
Lebanon  eo.  Pa.  0  m.  E.  liom  Lebanon,  and 
32  E.  from  Harrisbursf. 

SHAFTSnURY,  t.  Benninjiion  co.  Vt.  7  m. 
N.  from   Bennin^rton.    Fop.  2,143.     It  is  a 
Considerable   and  tlourishinjr  town,  and  eon- 
taiiis  an  academy.     A  quarry  of  gixnl  niarbl 
is  (bund  in  this  iowii. 


SHAKERSTOWN.  t.  Mercer  eo.  Km. 
SHAKER  TOWN,!.  Knox  co.  In.  a  little 

east  of  the  WahaHli,  about  I.')  m.  N.  I'rom  Vin. 
cemies. 

SHALERSVH.LE,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  N. 
from  Raveniiii.     Fop.  7.'i7. 

SHALLOT  CREKK.  r.  N.  C.  runs  into  the 
Allnntie,  Ion.  78-'  38'  W.;  lat.  33-'  T)!'  N. 
SHAMBIIRC;,  t.  Washin)Tton  co.  Mis. 
SHAMOKIN,  r.  Fn.  rutm  into  tlie  Suaquo- 
haimah,  a  little  below  Snnbury. 

SHANDAKKN,  I.  I  1st.  r  co.  N.Y.  20  m. 
VV\  I'roni  Kingston,     Fop.  IMIO. 

SIIANESVII,!,E,  V.  Mercer  co.  Ohio,  122 
III.  NW.  from  Columbus. 

SHANESVILLE,  v.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio, 
on  Siiifar  ereek. 

SIIAFLEKJH,  t.  York  co.  Me.  on  the  Pis- 
eata.pin,  .3.')  NW.  York,  108  NNE.  from  IJou- 
toll.      l'o|).  ],\Ki). 

SHAREVIAN'S  CREEIv,  r.  Pa.  runs  E. 
into  the  Susquehannah,  a  littlo  below  tlio  Ju- 
niatta. 

SHARK  RIVER,  r.  N.  J.  runs  info  the 
Allnntie,  Ion.  71 '4'  VV.;  lat.  40°  10' N. 

SHARON,  AVir,  t.  Kennebeek  co.  Me.  27 
m.  NNW.  from  Auirusta.     Fop.  l,.^)!l!t. 

SHARON,  t.  Ilillsborouph  eo.  N.  H.  18  m. 
WSW.  from  Amherst,  48  SW.  from  Concord. 
Fop.  721. 

SHARON,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  22  m.  N.  from 
Windsor.     Fop.  l.l.'ilt. 

SHARON,  t.  Norfolk  eo.  Mass.  17  m.SSW. 
from  Bos1(m.     Foj).  1,021. 

SHARON,  t.Lilehfidd  co.Ct.l.'i  m.  WNW. 
from  Litchfield.  Fop.  2,fil3.  Here  ,is  an 
neadeiny. 

SHARON,  t.  Seholiari.>  eo.  N.  Y.  10  m.  W. 
from  Schoharie.     Fop.  4,217. 

SHARON,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
i)0!». 

SHARON,  v.  Aslitabnla  co.  Ohio. 
SHARON,  f.  Riehlnnd  eo.  Ohio.    Pop.  704. 
SHARPS,  isl.  Dorchester  co.  Md.  in  the 
Chesnjirake. 

SHARFSRURG,  v.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio. 
SHARFSRURC;,   f.   Washinfrton   eo.   Md. 
about  2  m.  from  the  Fotomne,  nearly  op|Hisife 
She|tlierdslowii,  11  in.  SE.  from  I'^li/abethtown. 
Pop.  1,800. 

SHARFSRURG,  v.  Bath  co.  Ken.  .W  m.  E. 
from  FrnnkfJirf.     Foji.  L'")8. 
SHARFTt  )WN,  t.  Salem  co.  N.  J. 
SHAWAN(;UNK,t.  Ulster  eo.N."«M7m, 
NW.  from  Newbiir-rh.     I'op.  2,fi81. 

SHAWAN(il'NK,  mt.  N.  Y.  25  m.  SW. 
from  Kinfrsfon. 

SHAWNEETOWN,  t.  Gallatin  co.  II.  on 
the  Ohio,  !)  m.  below  the  mouth  of  the  Wa- 
bash. It  contains  a  bank,  a  land-olFiee,  and  a 
printinfr-ofliee,  fi'om  which  is  issued  a  weekly 
newt-paper.  This  place  has  considerable  trade 
ill  salt.  The  U.  S.  Saline,  in.llu^  forks  of  Sa- 
line river,  is  12  in.  from  the  town.  This  town 
is  puliject  to  anmuil  inundation. 

SHAWSHEEN,  r.  Mas.-,  runs  NE.  into  the 
Merriinaek,  in  N.  [inrt  of  Andover. 

Sf  1EI;FS(  -OT,  v.  Liiieoln  eo.  Me.        ^ 
SHEEFSCOT,  r.  Lincoln  eo.  Me.  runs  into 


406 


SHE— SHE 


;  . 


the  Atlantic,  on  E.  side  of  Wiscasset,  foniiinpf 
%  bay  at  its  moutli. 

SHEFFIELD,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt  IG  rn.  N. 
from  Danville,  45  NE.  from  Montpclier.  Pop. 
720. 

SHEFFIELD,  t  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  20  m. 
S.  from  Lenox,  30  SE.  from  Hudson,  125 
WSW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  2,392.  It  is  wa- 
tered by  the  Housatonnuc,  which  affords  good 
seats  for  mills.  South  mountain  extends  the 
whole  lengtli  of  the  town,  on  £.  sido  of  the 
river. 

SHEFFIELD,  v.  Lorain  co.  Ohio,  155  m. 
NNE.  from  Columbus. 

SHELBURNE,  t.  in  the  British  province 
of  New  Brunswick,  at  Port  Roseway,  extends 
2  m.  on  the  water-side,  and  1  m.  back,  witli 
wide  streets  crossing  each  other  at  right  an- 
gles. The  harbor  is  deep,  capacious,  and  se- 
cure. 

SHELBURNE,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  on 
Lake  Champlain,  7  m.  S.  from  Burlington. 
Pop.  1,123. 

SHELBURNE,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  H.  on  the 
Androscoggin,  22  m.  ESE.  from  Lancaster. 
Pop.  312. 

SHELBURNE,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  4  m. 
W.  from  Greenfield,  100  m.  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  985. 

SHELBY,  V.  M'Comb  co.  Mich.  38  m.  from 
Detroit. 

SHELBY,  t.  Orleans  co.  N.Y.  adjoining 
Niagara  co.  N.  from  the  Tonnewanta  reserva- 
tion, and  S.  from  the  Erie  canal.     Pop.  2,043. 

SHELBY,  CO.  Ken,  bounded  by  Salt  river 
or  Nelson  co.  S.  Bullitt  SW.  Jefferson  W. 
Henry  N.  and  Franklin  E.  and  SE.  Lengtli 
36  m.  mean  widtli  20.  Chief  town,  Shelby- 
ville.    Pop.  in  1820,  21,047;  in  1830,  19,039. 

SHELBY,  CO.  in  the  western  part  of  Ohio, 
bounded  N.  by  Allen,  E.  by  Logan,  S.  by  Mi- 
ami, and  W.  by  Darke.  It  is  about  20  miles 
•square.  It  is  '"'•cd  by  the  Great  Miami 
Tiver  and  Loramics  -reek,  beside  several  of 
their  tributaries.  Pop.  in  1820, 2,106 ;  in  1830, 
3,(i71.    Chief  town,  Sydney. 

SHELBY,  SW.  CO.  Ten.  bounded  by  the 
state  of  Mississippi  S.  Mississippi  river  W.  and 
Madison  co.  in  Ten.  N.  and  E.  Length  34  in. 
width  30.  Pop.  in  1820,  354 ;  in  1830,  5,G52. 
■Chief  town,  Memphis. 

SHELBY,  CO.  Al.  bounded  by  Coosa  river 
E.  Bibb  CO.  S.  Tuscaloosa  SW.  Jefferson  NW. 
and  St.  Clair  N.  Length  40  m.  width  36.  Chief 
town,  Shelbyville.  Pop.  irt  1820,  2,416;  in 
1830,  5,021. 

SHELBY,  CO.  In.  bounded  by  Bartholomew 
S.  Johnson  W.  Marion  NW.  Madison  N.  Rush 
E.  and  Decatur  SE.  Length  24  m.  breadth  18. 
Pop.  6,294.    Chief  town,  Shelbyville. 

SHELBY  COURT-HOUSE,  Shelby  co.  Al. 
93  m.  N.  from  Cahawba. 

SHELBYVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Shelby  co. 
Ken.  on  Brashan's  creek,  12  m.  above  its  junc- 
tion with  Salt  river,  22  m.  WSW.  from  Frank- 
fort, 572  from  W.  Pop.  1,201.  It  contains  a 
•court-house,  a  bank,  a  printing-office,  and  a 
meeting-house. 

SHELBYVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Bedford  co. 


Ten.  on  Duck  river,  .10  m.  SSE.  from  Nash- 
ville, 692  from  W.  It  is  a  flourishing  tov;n, 
and  contains  a  court-house,  a  bank,  and  a  print- 
ing-office. 

SHELDON,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  on  the  Mi- 
chiscoui,  16  m.  E.  from  Lake  Champlain.  Pop. 
1,427.  Here  arc  several  forges,  and  a  furnace 
for  casting  hollow-ware. 

SHELDON,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  SW. 
from  Batavia,  270  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
1,731. 

SHELLDRAKE  RIVER,  r.  Canada,  runs 
into  the  river  St  Lawrence,  in  Ion.  64°  50'  W. ; 
lat.50o20'N. 

■  SHELLDRAKE,  r.  Michigan  territory,  runs 
intc  lake  Superior,  24  m.  W.  from  point  Iro- 
quois. 

SHELL  KEY,  isl.  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
Lon.  89°  15'  W.;  lat.  29°  48'  N. 

SHELTER  ISLAND,  isl.  near  E.  end  of 
Long  Island,  100  m.  E.  from  N.  Y.  Pop.  330. 
It  is  7  m.  long,  and  5  broad.  This  island  and 
Great  Hog-Neck  island  constitute  a  town. 

SHENANDOAH,  co.  Va.  bounded  N.  by 
Frederick  co.  SE.  by  Cnlpepcr  and  Madison 
COS.  SW.  by  Rockingham  co.  and  W.  by  Hardy 
CO.    Pop.  19,750.    Chief  town,  Woodstock. 

SHENANDOAH,  r.  Va.  rises  in  Augusta 
CO.  and  after  a  course  of  about  200  m.  joins 
the  Potomac  in  lat.  38='  4'  N.  just  before  the 
latter  bursts  through  the  Blue  Ridge.  See 
Hnrper''8  Ferry.  It  waters  a  fertile  country, 
and  is  navigable  for  boats  100  m. 

SHENANDOAH  FORK,  v.  Shenandoah 
CO.  Va. 

SHENEVAS  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  in  Otsego 
CO.  It  runs  SW.  25  m.  and  joins  the  Susque- 
hannah. 

SHENLEY,  t.  Buckingham  co.  L.  C.  on 
Chaudiere  river,  54  m.  S.  from  Quebec. 

SHEPAUG,  r.  Ct.  runs  S.  into  the  Quine- 
baug,  in  W.  part  of  Soutlibury. 

SHEPHERD'S  CREEK,  r.  La.  runs  into 
the  Missouri,  83  m.  W,  from  the  Mississippi. 

SHEPHERDSTOWN,  v.  Belmont  co.01iio. 

SHEPHERDSTOV^N,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Va. 
on  the  Potomac,  10  m.  E.  by  S.  from  Martins- 
burg.  Pop.  1,200 — principally  Germans  and 
their  descendants. 

SHEPHERDSVILLE,  t  and  cap.  Bullitt 
CO.  Ken.  on  Salt  river,  14  m.  from  "its  junction 
with  the  Ohio,  20  m.  S.  from  Louisville,  70  W 
from  Iicxington.    Pop.  278. 

SHERBURNE,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  13  m.  E. 
from  Rutland.    Pop.  452. 

SHERBURNE,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  22 
m.  SW.  from  Boston.     Pop.  900. 

SHERBURNE,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  11 
m.  N.  from  Norwich,  98  W.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  2,574.  It  is  watered  by  tlie  Chenango,  is 
a  valuable  township,  and  contains  a  handsome 
village,  a  printing-office,  valuable  mills,  and 
some  manufactures. 

SHERBURNE,  v.  Beaufort  district,  S.  C. 
214  m.  from  Columbia. 

SHERBURNE  MILLS,  v.  Fleming  co.  Kon 

SHERMAN,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  43  m.  NW 
from  New  Ilaven.    Pop.  947. 

SIIESHEQUIN,  V.  Bradford  co.  Pa, 


II 

77 

bull 

fine 

reso 

Yor 

S 
2,57 

SI 
m. 


*/ 


SHI'V-SIR 


407 


SHETUCKET,  r.  Ct.  joins  the  Yantic  at 
Norwich,  to  form  the  Thaim's. 

SHIELDSB()R()U(tII,  t.  Hiiiicock  co.Miss. 
on  the  bay  of  St.  Louis,  '3'J  ni.  by  land  ENE. 
from  New  Orleans,  60  by  water.  It  has  a  very 
pleasant  and  healthy  situation,  elevated  from 
20  to  40  feet  above  tide-water,  contains  about 
(500  inhabitants,  and  is  a  place  of  considerable 
resort  from  New  Orleans,  during  the  sickly 
season.  The  bay  is  navigable  to  tlie  town  lor 
vessels  drawing  7  fv.vt. 

SHIELDS'  RIVER,  r.  N.  America,  runs 
into  tlie  Missouri,  7  m.  below  the  Great  Falls. 

SHINNTOWN,  V.  Harrison  co.  Va.  on  the 
W.  fork  of  Monongahcla,  at  the  mouth  of  Sim- 
son's  creek,  8  m.  NNE.  frcm  Clarksburg,  and 
235  a  little  N.  of  W.  from  Washington. 

SHIPPENSBURG,  t.  Cumberland  co.  Pa. 
20  m.  N.  by  E.  from  Chambersburg,  20  SVV. 
from  Carlisle,  140  W.  ironi  Philadelphia.  Pop. 
I,(i21.  It  is  a  considerable  town,  situated  on 
a  branch  of  the  Conedogwinet  creek,  and  con- 
tiiins  a  market-house,  and  several  houses  of 
public  worship,  for  Presbyterians,  Dutch  Ro- 
ibrmed,  and  Methodists. 

SHIPPINGPORT,  V.  Jefferson  co.  Ken.  on 
the  Ohio,  3  miles  below  Louisville.  Pop.  G07. 
Here  are  a  ship-yard,  rope-walk,  and  a  flour- 
mill. 

SHIRLEY,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  6  m. 
WSW.  from  Groton,  41  WNW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  991.    Here  arc  cotton  manufactories. 

SHIRLEYSBURG,  v.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa. 

SHOAL  CREEK,  r.  II.  has  a  course  S.  by 
W.  of  about  70  miles,  and  joins  the  Kaskaskia, 
in  lat.  38^  27'  N.  It  is  a  fine  and  rapid  stream, 
and  navigable  for  boats  about  30  miles. 

SHOAL  INLET,  channel,  between  two 
small  islands,  on  the  coast  of  N.  Carolina,  Ion. 
770  58'W.;  lat.  34°  5' N. 

SHOCCOE  SPRINGS,  in  Warren  co.  N.C. 
8  m.  S.  from  Warrenton.  These  mineral 
waters  are  much  resorted  to.  Here  is  an 
academy. 

SHOREHAM,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Lake 
Champlain,  49  m.  S.  from  Burlington.  Fop. 
3,137.    Here  is  an  academy. 

SHOREHAM,  New,  t.  Newport  co.  R.  I. 
on  Block  Island,  23  m.  SSW.  from  Newport 
Pop.  1,885. 

SHORT  CREEK,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  2,184. 

SHREWSBURY,  t  Rutland  co.  Vt  22  m. 
W.  from  Windsor.    Pop.  1,289. 

SHREWSBURY,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  6 
m.  ENE.  from  Worcester,  38  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,386.    It  is  a  pleasant  town. 

SHREWSBURY,  t.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J. 
11  m;  E.  from  Freehold,  47  NE.  from  Trenton, 
77  NE.  from  Philadelphia.  This  is  a  neatly 
built  and  pleasantly  situated  town,  has  several 
fine  churches,  and  is  a  place  of  considerable 
resort  for  company  from  Philadelphia  and  New 
York,  during  the  warm  season. 

SHREWSBURY,  t  York  co.  Fa.  Fop. 
2,571, 

SHREWSBURY,  v.  Kenhawa  co.  Va.  306 
m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Riclunond. 


SHREWSBURY,  r.  N.  .1.  runs  into  the  AU 
laiitin,  Ion.  74°  2'  W. ;  lat.  40^  22'  N. 

SHUTESBURY,  t  Franklin  co.  Mass.  IH 
m.  SE.  from  (Greenfield,  80  W.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  987.  Here  is  a  well  in  which  a  fountain 
of  medicinal  water  was  ojxjued  by  an  earth- 
quake, in  July  1815,  tlic  waters  of  which  are 
found  beneficial  in  many  cutanmus  diseases. 

SIDDONSBURG,  v.  York  co.  Pa.  32  m. 
from  Harrisburg. 

SIDELINti  CREEK,  r.  Md.  flows  on  Uie 
E.  side  of  Sideling  mountain,  and  runs  into 
the  Potomac. 

SIDELING  MOUNTAINS,  range, extend- 
ing through  Huntingdon  and  Bedford  cos.  Pa. 
and  Alleghany  co.  Md. 

SIDNEY,  t.  Kennebcck  co.  Me.  on  the  Ken- 
nebeck,  opposite  Vassalborough,  8  m.  N.  from 
Augusta,  178  NNE.  from  Boston.  Pop.  2,191. 
SIDNEY,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Sus- 
quehannah,  25  m.  W.  from  Delhi.  Pop.  1,410. 
SILAO,  t.  Mexico,  in  Guanaxuato,  20  m. 
NW.  by  W.  from  the  city  of  Guanaxuato. 

SILVER  LAKE,  v.  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  267 
m.  a  little  N.  of  W.  from  Albany. 

SILVER  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  runs  into  the 
Kcii  tuc  k  v» 

SIMMON'S  ISLAND,  small  island  on  the 
coast  of  S.  Carolina.  Lon.  80°  10'  W. ;  lat.  32° 
38' N. 
SIMONSBURG,  v.  Southampton  co.  Va. 
SIMPSON,  CO.  Ken.  bounded  by  Ten.  S. 
Logan  CO.  in  Ken.  W.  and  NW.  Warren  N. 
and  Allen  E.  Length  25  m.  mean  width  16. 
Chief  town,  Franklin.  Pop.  in  1820,  4,852; 
in  1830,  6,099. 

SIMPSONSVILLE,  v.  Shelby  co.  Ken.  34 
m.  from  Frankfort.     Pop.  77. 

SIMPSONVILLE,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 
8  m.  from  W. 

SIMSBURY,  t  Hartford  co.  Ct  11  m.  NW. 
from  Hartford.    Pop.  2,221. 

SINEGAR  CREEK,  r.  Md.  runs  into  the 
Potomac. 

SING-SING,  V.  and  landing  in  Mount  Pleas- 
ant, N.  Y.  on  tlie  Hudson,  36  m.  N.  from  New 
York. 

SINKING  SPRING,  v.  Highland  co.  Ohio, 
23  m.  SE.  from  ChilUcothe. 

SINKING  SPRING,  v.  Berks  co.  Pa.  4  m. 
W.  from  Reading. 

SIOUX,  r.  La.  runs  S.  into  the  Missouri, 
253  m.  above  the  Platte. 

SIOUX,  Little,  T.  La.  runs  into  the  Mis- 
souri, 733  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

SIPPO,  r.  Ohio,  flows  into  the  Scioto,  5  ra 
below  Circlevillc. 

SIPSY,  r.  Al.  runs  into  tlie  Toinbigbce, 
Lon.  87°  51'  W. ;  lat  32°  22'  N. 

SIR  JAMES  LANCASTER'S  SOUND, 
opens  from  Baffin's  Bay,  lat  74°  47'  N.  and 
immediately  W.  from  the  meridian  of  W.  This 
great  inlet  was  explored  by  captain  Parry,  of 
Uie  British  navy,  who  entered  it  in  1820,  and 
wintered  1820-21,  as  far  as  111°  degrees  W. 
from  London,  and  decided  the  geography  of 
these  regions  to  117°  W.  This  \ory  important 
voyage  has  shown  the  separation  of  Greenland 


408 


SIS-SMY 


1 

1 
1 

M 

|:! 

PI 

it 

mm 

h 

from  North  America,  upwards  of  200  m.  NW. 
from  Cape  Farewell,  and  has  placed  beyond  a 
doubt  the  cxiBtcnco  of  a  Polar  continent,  or 
Arcliipelago,  detached  from,  or  but  very  slight- 
ly united  to,  North  America  or  Asia. 

SISTER  ISLANDS,  three  small  islands  to- 
wards  the  western  extremity  of  Liike  Eric, 
called  the  Eastern,  Western,  and  Middle  Sis- 
ters. They  arc  all  small,  the  largest  not  ex- 
ceeding 10  acres. 

SKENEATELES,  v.  in  the  township  of 
MarccUus,  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  7  ni.  E.  from 
Auburn,  1G3  W.  from  Albany.  It  is  most  de- 
lightfully situated  around  the  W.  end  of  Skc- 
neatclcs  Lake,  and  is  a  large,  handsome,  and 
flourishing  villiigc. 

SKENEATELES,  lake,  in  W.  part  of 
Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  15  m.  long,  and  from  J  to 
li  broad.  Skencateles  creek  flows  from  the  N. 
end  to  Seneca  river,  about  10  miles,  and  affords 
many  fine  mill-seats, 

SKINNERSVILLE,  v.  Waslungton  co. 
N.C, 

SKIJPOPING,  lake,  N.  C.  Lon.  16°  '12'  W. ; 
lat.  35°  45'  N. 

SKUPPERNONG,  r.  N.  C.  communicates 
by  means  of  a  canal  with  tlic  lake  in  Dismal 
Swamp. 

SKUTTOCK  HILLS,  eminences  on  the 
coast  of  Mc.  which  afford  saihng  marks  into 
Goldsborough  harbor. 

SLAlJTt)WN,  V.  Burlington  co.  N.J.  7  m. 
E.  from  Burlington. 

SLATE  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  Va.  6  m.  W. 
from  Richmond.  Lon.  72°  W.;  lat.  37° 
35' N. 

SLATE  RIVER,  r.  Va.  runs  into  James 
river,  lat.  37°  40'  N. 

SLATERSVILLE,  v.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y. 
210  m.  VV.  from  Albany. 

SLAUGHTER  CREEK,  bay  on  the  coast 
of  Maryland,  in  the  Chesapeake. 

SLAUGHTER  RIVER,  r.  N.  America, 
runs  into  tlic  Missouri,  121  m.  below  the  Great 
Falls. 

SLAVE  LAKE,  large  lake  of  British  N. 
America,  between  lat.  60°  30'  and  G2°  30'  N. 
It  extends  nearly  E.  and  W.  350  m.  with 
a  moan  width  of  alwut  40,  between  lon.  33° 
and  42°  VV.  from  W.  The  Unjignh  river 
enters  its  SE.  and  leaves  it  at  its  NW.  ex- 
tremity. 

SLAVE  RIVER,  of  British  America,  the 
outlet  of  Atliapescow  Lake. 

SLIPPERY  ROCK,  river,  Pa.  on  the  SE, 
branch  of  Beaver,  rises  in  Butler,  Venango, 
and  Mercer  cos.  by  a  number  of  creeks,  which 
unite  in  Beaver  and  fall  into  Big  Beaver  river, 
12  m.  N.  from  the  Irorough  of  Beaver. 

SLOANSVILLE,  v.  Schoharie  co.  N.  Y.  48 
m.  westerly  from  Albany. 

SLOANSVILLE,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  N.  C. 
155  m.  SW.  from  Ralcisrh. 

SLOKUM'S  ISLAND,  one  of  the  EUzabeth 
Islands,  in  Buzzard's  Bay,  Mass, 

SMETIIPORT,  t.  and  cap.  M'Kcan  co. 
Pa.  45  ni.  E,  from  Warren,  273  from  W. 

SMITH,  CO.  Ten.  binmded  by  Kentucky  N. 
Jackson  co.  E.  White  and  Warren  SE.  Wil- 


son SW.  and  Sumner  W.  Length  36  m. 
mean  width  15.  Chief  town,  Carthoffo.  Pop. 
in  1820, 17,580 ;  in  1830,  21,492.^;.    , 

SMITH,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio. 

SMITH'S  ISLAND,  island  N.  C,  at  the 
mouth  of  Cape  Fear  river.  Cape  Fear  ia  the 
SE.  point  of  it. 

SMITH'S  ISLAND,  small  island  in  the 
Atlantic,  near  the  coast  of  Virginia.  This  is 
one- of  a  cluster  collectively  called  Smitii's  Isl. 
ands.    I,on.  75°  .52'  W.;  lat.  37°  15'  N, 

SMITH'S  POINT,  cai)c,  on  the  coast  of 
Virginia,  formuig  the  S.  Umit  of  the  Potomac. 
Lat,  37°  54'  N. 

SMITH'S  POND,  lake,  in  Wolfsborough, 
N.  H.  3  m.  long. 

SMITH'S  RIVER,  r.  N.  H.  runs  into  the 
Merrimack,  in  N.  piirt  of  New  Chester. 

SMITH'S  RIVER,  r.  Rockmgham  co.  N.  C. 
runs  into  the  Dan. 

SMITHFIELD,  t.  Providence  co.  R.  I.  on 
the  Pawtucket,  i2  m.  N.  from  Providence. 
Pop.  3,994.  It  is  a  considerable  town,  and 
contains  2  banks,  an  academy,  several  nianu- 
factories  of  cotton  goods  and  scythes,  and  3 
houses  of  public  worship,  2  for  Friends,  and  1 
for  Congrcgationalists. 

SMITHFIELD,  t.  Madison  co.  N,  Y,  29  m. 
WSW.  from  Utica.  Pop.  2,636.  It  is  a  valu- 
able  township,  and  contains  tlie  village  of  Pc- 
terlwrough. 

SMITHFIELD,  v.  Hopkins  co.  Ken. 

SMITHFIELD,  v.  Isle-of-Wight  co,  Va.  on 
Pagan  creek,  about  6  m.  above  its  entrance 
into  James  river,  32  WNW.  from  Norfolk,  It 
is  a  great  depot  for  hams,  which  arc  exported 
in  irgc  quantities.  Pagan  creek  is  navigable 
to  this  place  for  boats  of  20  tons. 

SMITHFIELD,  t.  and  cap.  Johnson  co. 
N.  C.  on  the  Ncuse,  27  m.  SE.  from  Raleigh, 
about  110  tr.  NW,  from  Newbern,  and  313 
from  W.  It  is  situated  on  a  handsome  plain, 
and  contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  and  has 
some  trade. 

SMITHFIELD,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 


2,21 4. 
'  SI\ilTII  GROVE,  v.  Warren  co.  Ken.  173 

m.  SW.  from  Frankfort 

SMITHLAND,  t.  Living.ston  co.  Ken.  on 
the  Ohio,  3  m.  below  the  mouth  of  the  Cum- 
berland.   Pop.  388. 

SMITTISBOROUGH,v.  in  Owego,  N.  Y. 

S.M1TI1TOWN,  t.  Suffolk  co,  N.  Y,  on  N. 
side  (>f  Tiong  Island,  53  m.  E.  from  New  York. 
Pop.],(i86. 

SMITHVILLE,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y.  13 
m.  SE.  from  Norwich.    Pop.  1,829. 

SMITHVILLE,  t.  Brunswick  co.  N.  C. 
near  the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear  river. 

SMOCKVILLE,  t,  Jefferson  co.  In. 

SMOKEHILL,  r.  Louisiana  runs  into  the 
Kansas, 

SMYRNA,  t,  Chenango  co,  N,  Y.  10  m.  N. 
fron)  Norwich,  105  W,  from  Albany.  Pop. 
1,807. 

SMYRNA,  a  flourishing  town  in  Kent  ca 
Delaware,  on  Duck  creek,  about  10  m.  above 
its  mouth,  12  NNW.  from  Dover,  28  S.  from 
Newcastle,  120  from  W.    Pop.  about  1,000. 


SMY— SON 


409 


ih  36  m. 
igo.  Top. 


C.  at  the 

fear  is  the 

ind  in  the 
I.  This  is 
Smith's  Isl. 
.5'N. 

le  coast  of 
le  Potomac. 

olfsborough, 

ins  into  the 

icstcr. 

lam  CO.  N.  C. 

I  CO.  R.  I-  on 
Providence. 
Ic  town,  and 
evcral  itianu- 
nythes,  and  3 
^ricnds,  and  1 

o.N.Y.29m. 

It  is  a  valu- 

village  of  Pc- 

00.  Ken. 
ight  CO.  Va.  on 
e  its  entrance 
,in  Norfolk.  It 
li  arc  exported 
sk  is  navigable 

Is. 

.  Johnson  co. 
from  Raleigh, 
bern,  and  313 
[andsome  plain, 
jail,  and  has 

I  CO.  Ohio.  Pop. 

CO.  Ken.  173 

on  CO.  Ken.  on 
Ithof  the  Cum- 

5wego,  N.  Y. 

±0.  N.Y.  on  N. 

from  New  York. 

Loco.  N.Y.13 

[",829. 

vick  CO.  N.  C. 
Iriver. 
1  CO.  In. 
runs  into  the 

N.Y.  lOm.N. 
Albany.    Top. 

Iwn  in  Kent  co. 
but  10  m.  above 
tver,  28  S.  from 
op.  about  1,000. 


It  contains  a  bank  and  an  academy,  and 
carries  on  considerable  trade  with  Philadel- 
phia. 

SMYTHFIELD,  t.  Somerset  co.  Pa.  193 
ni.  from  \V. 

SNAKE  CREEK,  r.  La.  runs  into  the  Mis- 
souri,  246  m.  from  tlie  Mississippi. 

SNEY DSBOROUGH,  t.  Richmond  CO.  N.C. 
on  tlie  Yadkin,  200  m.  by  water,  and  120  by 
land,  above  Georgetown,  S.  C. 

SNICKER'S  GAP,  v.  Loudon  co.  Va. 

SNOW  RIVER,  r.  N.  America,  runs  into 
tlic  Missouri  35  m.  below  the  Great  Falls. 

SNOWHILL,  t.  port  of  entry,  and  cap. 
Worcester  eo.  Md.  on  the  Pocomoke,  25  m. 
from  its  mouth,  125  S.  from  Philadelphia. 
Lon.  750  30'  W. ;  lat.  38°  10'  N.  It  is  pleas- 
antly  situated,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a 
jail,  an  academy,  a  bank,  3  houses  of  public 
worship,  and  about  1,200  inhabitants,  and  has 
considerable  trade. 

SNOWHILL,  V.  Greene  co.  N.C. 

SNOWHILL,  V.  Clinton  co.  Ohio,  84  m. 
SW.  from  (Columbus. 

SOCIETY-LAND,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H. 
25  ni.  SW.  from  Concord.    Pop.  164.  • 

SOCONUSCO,  province  of  (iuatcmala,  NW. 
from  the  city  of  Guatemala,  88  m.  long,  and 
nearly  as  mucli  broad ;  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
the  Chiapi,  on  the  E.  by  Guatemala,  on  the  S. 
by  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  on  the  W.  by  the 
Guaxaca. 

SOCONUSCO,  town  of  New  Spain,  capital 
of  a  province  of  the  same  name,  440  m.  SE. 
of  Mexico.  Lon.  15°  50'  W.;  lat.  15°  12'  N. 
from  W. 

SODUS,  bay,  of  N.  York,  on  the  S.  shore  of 
Lake  Ontario,  between  Senec.  and  Ontario 
It  is  completely  secure,  12  m.  N.  from 


cos. 

Lyons,  on  the  Erie  canal.    It  will  admit  ves- 
sels drawing  7  or  8  feet  water. 

SODUS,  Little,  small  bay,  12  m.  E.  from 
the  preceding. 

SODUS,  t.  Wayne  co.  N.  Y.  on  Great  Sodus 
Bay,  S.  side  of  Lake  Ontario,  30  m.  NE.  from 
Canandaigua,  212  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
3,528.  The  principal  village  is  called  Troup 
villo.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  this  town.  Great 
Sodus  Bay  is  7  m.  long,  and  3  broad,  and  is 
accounted  the  best  harlx)r  on  the  south  side  of 
the  Lake. 

SOLDIER'S  RIVER,  r.  La.  runs  into  the 
Missouri,  689  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

SOLOMON'S  RIVER,  La.  runs  into  the 
Kansas. 

SOLON,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  on  the  Ken- 
nebeck,  18  m.  N.  from  Norridgewock.  Pop. 
768. 

SOLON,  t  Cortlandt  co»  N.  Y.  10  m.  E. 
from  Homer,  132  W.  from  Albany.  Pop.  2,033. 

SOMERS,  L  ToUand  co.  Ct  8  m.  E.  from 
Enfield,  24  NE.  from  Hartford.    Pop.  1,439. 

SOMERS,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.Y.  50  m.  N. 
from  New  York.  Pop.  1,997.  It  has  a  pleas- 
ant village,  which  contains  a  printing-office, 
and  has  some  trade. 

SOMERSET,  CO.  Me.  bounded  by  Kennebeck 
''^.Oxford  W.  Lower  Canada  NW.  and  Penob- 
3B 


scot  E.  Pop.  in  1820,  21,787 ;  in  1830,  35,788. 
Chief  town,  Norridgewock.  This  co.  includes 
a  space  1 80  m.  long,  by  upwards  of  50  wide. 
Tlie  principal  settlements  are  in  the  southern 
part,  on  Kennebeck  river,  but  a  great  portion 
is  yet  uninhat)itcd. 

SOMERSET,  r.  Me.  which  joins  the  Ken- 
ncbeck,  at  Alna. 

SOMERSET,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  14  m. 
ENE.  from  Bennington.     Pop.  245. 

SOxMERSE'i',  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  13  m.  SSW. 
from  Taunton,  42  S.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,024. 

SOMERSET,  CO.  N.J.  bounded  N.  by  Mor- 
ris CO.  E.  by  Essex  and  Middlesex  cos.  SE.  by 
Middlesex  co.  and  W.  by  Hunterdon  co.  Pop. 
17,689.    Chief  town,  Somerville. 

SOMERSET,  CO.  S.  side  of  Pa.  bounded  N. 
by  Cambria  co.  E.  by  Bedford  eo.  S.  by  Mary- 
land, and  W.  by  Fayette  and  Westmoreland 
COS.     Pop.  17,441.     Somerset  is  the  capital. 

SOMERSET,  bor.  and  cap.  Somerset  co.  Pa. 
35  m.  W.  from  Bcdlhrd,  61  ESE.  from  Pitts- 
burg, 165  from  W.  Pop.  649.  It  is  a  pleas- 
ant town;  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
and  a  meeting-iiouse. 

SOMERSET,  CO.  Md.  bounded  N.  by  Dela- 
ware, E.  by  Worcester  co.  S.  by  Pocomoke 
Bay,  W.  by  tlic  Chesapeake,  and  NW.  by  Dor- 
chester eo.  Pop.  20,155.  Cliicf  town.  Prin- 
cess Anne. 

SOMERSET,  t.  and  cap.  Perry  co.  Ohio,  18 
m.  W.  from  Zanesvillc,  53  NE.  from  Cliilli- 
cothe,  .354  from  W.    Pop.  576. 

SOMERSET,  t.  and  cap.  Pulaski  co.  Ken. 
12  m.  SSE.  from  Stanford,  601  from  W.  Pop. 
231.     It  is  situated  in  a  fertile  country. 

SOMERSET,  t.  Belmont  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,790. 

SOMERSET,  V.  Franklin  co.  In.  81  m.  SE. 
by  E.  from  Indianapolis. 

SOMERSET  FORGE,  v.  Somerset  co.  Pa. 

SOMERSWORTH,  t.  Straftbrd  co.  N.  H.  4 
m.  NE.  from  Dover,  and  15  NNW.  from  Ports- 
mouth.    Pop.  3,090. 

SOMERTON,  v.  near  the  S.  boundary  of 
Nanseinond  co.  Va.  40  m.  SW.  from  Norfolk, 
and  124  SE.  from  Richmond. 

SOMERVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Som- 
erset CO.  N.  J.  on  Raritan  river,  16  m.  above 
New  Brunswick,  and  38  N.  from  Trenton.  It 
has  a  delightful  situation,  in  a  fertile  and 
highly  cultivated  country,  and  has  a  hand- 
some appearance. 

SOMERVILLE,  v.  Fauquier  co.  Va.  56  m. 
from  W.  and  133  a  little  W.  of  N.  from  Rich- 
mond. 

SOMERVILLE,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  on 
Locust  Fork  of  Black  Warrior  or  Tuscaloosa 
river,  Morgan  co.  Al.  about  50  m.  a  little  E. 
of  S.  from  Huntsville. 

SONORA  Y  SINALOA,  state  of  Mexico, 
bounded  E.  by  the  states  of  Chihuahua  and 
Durango,  SE.  and  S.  by  Jalirco,  W.  and  SW. 
by  the  Gulf  of  California,  and  N.  by  the  river 
Gila,  and  tlic  native  Indian  regions  of  Apa- 
cheria.  Length  from  N.  to  S.  1,340  m.  mean 
width  about  200,  area  268,000  sq.  ms.  The 
existing  white  and  civilized  population  of  this 


410 


SOR— SOU 


very  extensive  country  amounts,  it  is  most 
probable,  to  less  tlian  ^00,000,  or  less  than  u 
single  person  to  the  sq.  ni. 

SOREL,  t.  L.V.  on  St.  Lawrence  river,  im- 
mediately below  the  month  of  Sorel  river.  It 
is  a  regularly  built  town,  containing  about 
2,000  inhabitants. 

SOREL,  r.  L.  C.  the  outlet  of  Lake  (Jhani- 
plain.  It  admits  ship  navigation  to  St.  John's. 
From  thence  to  the  basin  of  Chambly,  the  cur- 
rent is  strong,  and  im|)eded  by  shoals  and 
rapids;  but  from  Chambly  to  tlie  moutii,  gentle. 
The  distance  from  Lake  Cliamplain,  to  St. 
John's,  about  20  m.  and  from  thence  to  the 
mouth  55  m.  It  is  the  channel  of  an  extensive 
down-stream  trade,  in  flour,  lumber,  jjot  and 
pearl  ashes. 

SOUCOOK,  r.  N.IL  rises  in  Gilmanton, 
and  runs  S\V.  into  the  3Ierrimack  river,  N. 
of  Pembroke. 

SOUHEGAN,  r.  rises  in  W.  part  of  Hills- 
borough CO.  N.  H.  and  runs  E.  into  the  Merri- 
mack river,  in  the  town  of  Merrimack,  opijo- 
■ite  Litchfield. 

SOUTHAMPTON,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  H. 
18  m.  SW.  from  Portsmouth.    Pop.  487. 

SOUTHAMPTON,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass. 
9  m.  SW.  from  Northampton,  and  98  W.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  1,253.  In  this  town  tliere  is  a 
lead  mine.  The  ore  yields  from  50  to  60  per 
cent  of  pure,  soft  lead. 

SOUTHAMPTON,  t.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y.  on 
S.  side  of  Long  Island,  100  m.  E.  from  New 
York.  Pop,  4,850.  Sag  Harbor,  Westhamp- 
ton,  Southampton,  and  Bridge  Hampton,  in 
each  of  which  tliere  is  a  post-ofEce,  are  in  tliis 
township. 

SOUTHAMPTON,  co.  SE.  part  of  Va. 
bounded  NW.  by  Sussex  and  Surrey  cos.  E.  by 
Isle  of  Wight  and  Nansemoud  cos.  S.  by  North 
Carolina,  and  SW.  by  Greensville  co.  Pop. 
16,073.    Chief  town,  Jerusalem. 

SOUTH  BAINBRIDGE,  v.  Chenango  co. 
N.  Y.  on  Susquehannah  river,  17  m.  S.  from 
Norwich. 

SOUTH  BAY,  bay  on  the  coast  of  Long 
Island,  extending  from  Hempstead  toSoutli- 
ampton. 

SOUTH  BAY,  an  arm  of  Lake  Champlain, 
extending  W.  from  the  S.  extremity. 

SOUTH  BERWICK,  t.  York  co.  Maine. 
Fop.  1,577. 

SOUTHBOROUGH,  t.  Worcester  co.  Moss. 
18  m.  NNE.  from  Worcester,  and  28  W.  from 
Boston.    Pop.  1,080. 

SOUTH  BRIDGE,  t  S.  part  of  Worcester 
CO.  Mass.  54  m.  SW.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,444. 

SOUTH  BRIDGEWATER,  t.  in  the  NW. 
part  of  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  36  m.  SSE.  from 
Boston. 

SOUTHBURY,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct  22  m. 
NW.  from  New-Haven.     Pop.  1,557. 

SOUTH  CANAAN,  parish  in  the  town  of 
Canaan,  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  on  Housatonnuc  r. 
20  m.  NNW.  from  Litchfield,  and  44  NW. 
by  W.  from  Hartford. 

SOUTH  CREEK,  r.  N.C.  runs  into  Pam- 
lico Sound.   Lon.  76°  48'  W. ;  lat.  34°  51'  N. 


SOUTH-EAST,  t.  Putnam  co.  N.  Y.  18  m. 
E.  from  West-Point.     Pop.  2,042. 

SOUTH  FLORENCE,  v.  in  the  northern 
part  of  Franklin  co.  Al. 

SOUTH  GATE,  v.  Campbell  co.  Ken.  81  m. 
NNE.  from  Frankfort. 

SOU'l'H  GERMAN,  t.  Chenango  co.  N.  Y. 
15  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Norwich. 

SOUTH  (iLASTONBURY,  t.  Hartford  co. 
Ct.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Connecticut  river,  8  m, 
SE.  from  Hartlbrd. 

SOUTH  IlADLEY.t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass. 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  river,  5  m. 
below  Nortliampton.  A  fall  of  50  feet  in  the 
Connecticut  river  at  this  place,  has  been  over- 
come  by  a  dam  and  a  canal  of  712  perches  in 
length,  with  5  locks.  The  whole  canal  is  cut 
through  the  solid  rock.  Pop.  1,185.  It  con- 
tains  a  flourishing  academy. 

SOUTH  HARPERSFIELD,  t.  Delaware 
CO.  N.  Y.  on  the  head  of  Oquago,  branch  of 
Delaware  river,  96  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Al- 
bany. 

SOUTH  HERO,  t.  Grand  Isle  co.  Vt.  on  an 
island  in  Lake  Champlain,  15  m.  NNW.  from 
Burlington.     Pop.  717. 

SOUTH  HILL,  V.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va. 

SOUTH  HILL,  V.  Muhlenburg  co.  Va. 

SOUTH  MOUNTAIN,  mt  Pa.  on  the  W 
side  of  Adams  co. 

SOUTHINGTON,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio. 

SOUTHINGTON.  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  18  m. 
SW.  from  Hartford,  325  from  W.    Pop.  1,844. 

SOUTH  KILLINGLY,  v.  Windliam  co. 
Ct.  45  m.  E.  from  Hartford. 

SOUTH  KINGSTON,  t.  and  seat  of  jus- 
tice,  Washington  co.  R.  I.  at  the  mouth  of 
Narraganset  bay,  20  m.  SW.  from  Providence, 
389  from  W.    Pop.  3,663. 

SOUTH  KORTRIGHT,  t.  Delaware  co. 
N.  Y.  on  the  head  of  Charlotte  river,  branch  of 
the  Susquehannah,  situated  between  Harpers- 
field  and  Broomville. 

SOUTH  LEICESTER,  t.  Worcester  co. 
Mass.  on  the  head  of  French  river,  branch  of 
Quinebadg  river,  10  m.  SW.  from  Worcester. 

SOUTH  NEW  BERLIN,  t.  Chenango  co. 
N.  Y.  on  the  Susquehannah  river,  below  New 
Berlin,  and  10  m.  NE.  from  Norwich, 

SOUTHOLD,  t.  Suffolk  co,  N.Y.  on  NE. 
part  of  Long  Island.    Pop.  2,900, 

SOUTH  ORANGE,  t.  Franklin  co,  Mass. 
on  Miller's  river,  20  m.  E.  from  Greenfield, 
and  73  a  little  N.  of  W.  from  Boston, 

SOUTH  PARIS,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me,  47  m. 
NNW.  from  Portland. 

SOUTH  PEMBROKE,  t,  on  the  western 
border  of  Genesee,  co.  N.  Y.  30  m.  E.  from  Buf- 
falo,  and  12  SW.  'from  Batavia. 

SOUTH  QUAY,  v.  Nansemond  co.  Va. 
SOUTH  RIVER,  r.  Md.  runs  into  the  Ches- 
apeake, 6  m.  S.  from  Annapolis. 

SOUTH  RIVER,  v,  Middlesex  co.  N.  J.  32 
m.  from  Trenton. 

SOUTH  RIVER,  small  bay,  extending  NW, 
fi'om  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  in  Ann-Arundel  co. 
Md.  6  m.  S.  from  Annapolis. 
SOUTH  RUTLAND,  v,  Jefferson  co.  N.Y. 


ir 


SOU— S1>R 


411 


,Y.18m. 

I  northern 

[ven.  81  m. 

3C0.N.Y. 

[artford  co. 
river,  8  m. 

:e  CO.  Mass. 
river,  5  m. 
foot  in  tlie 
3  been  over- 
!  perclics  in 
;anal  is  cut 
35.    It  con- 

t.  Delaware 
,  branch  of 
IV.  from  Al- 

co.  Vt.  on  an 
NNW.  from 

rg  CO.  Va. 
g  CO.  Va. 
•a.  on  the  W 

II  CO.  Ohio. 
CO.  Ct.  18  m. 
.   Pop.  1,844. 
^indliam  co. 

i  seat  of  jus- 
he  mouth  of 
n  Providence, 

)elaware  co. 
ver,  branch  of 
i^een  Harpers- 

tVorccster  co. 
ver,  branch  of 
)m  Worcester. 
Chenango  co. 
er,  below  New 
rwich. 

N.Y.  onNE. 
0. 

klin  CO.  Mass. 
)m  Greenfield, 
oston. 
CO.  Me.  47  m. 

m  the  western 
.E.fromBuf- 

ond  CO.  Va. 
,  into  the  Ches- 

3ex  CO.  N.  J.  32 

extending  NW. 
nn-Arundel  co. 

Ferson  co.  N.Y. 


on  the  head  of  Sandy  creek,  15  ni.  SE.  by  E. 
from  Sacket'«  Harbor. 

SOUTH  SAI,EM,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y. 
about  50  m.  N.  by  E.  from  New  York.  Pop. 
1,557. 

SOUTH  SANDWICH,  t.  Biirnstablc  co. 
Mass.  situate  on  the  western  border  of  the  co. 
between  Sandwich  and  Marchpce,  60  m.  SSE. 
from  Boston. 

SOUTH  SCITUATE,t.  Providence  co.  R.  I. 
12  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Providence. 

SOUTH  SOLON,  t.  on  Kenncbcck  r.  Som- 
erset  co.  Me.  40  ni.  N.  from  Augusta,  and  103 
a  little  E.  of  N.  from  Portland. 

SOUTH  SPARTA,  v.  near  the  southern 
boundary  of  Livingston  co.  N.  Y.  30  m.  SW. 
from  Canandaigua. 

SOUTH  TAMWORTH,  t.  in  the  northern 
port  of  Strafford  co.  N.  1 1,  on  Bear  Camp  creek 
of  Ossipee  lake,  65  ni.  NNE.  from  Concord. 

SOUTHVILLE,  v.  St.  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 

SOUTHWICK,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  Pop. 
1,85.5. 

SOUTHWOLD,  t.  Middlesex  co.  U.  C.  on 
Lake  Erie. 

SOUTH  YARMOUTH,  v.  Barnstable  co. 
Mass. 

SPAFFORD,  t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  on  E. 
side  of  Skencateles  Lake,  13  m.  S.  from  Onon- 
daga.   Pop.  2,647. 

SPAFFORD'S  LAKE,  in  Chesterfield,  N.  H. 
It  is  2  miles  long. 

SPAGGOT,  r.  rises  in  N.  H.  and  runs  into 
the  Merrimack,  in  Methuen. 

SPANISH  GROVE,  v.  Mecklenburg  co. 
Virginia. 

SPARTA,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.Y.  25  m.  SW. 
from  Canandaigua.     Pop.  1,943. 

SPARTA,  t.  and  cap.  Hancock  co.  Geo.  25 
m.  NE.  from  Milledgeville,  64  SW.  from  Au- 
gusta, 618  from  W.  It  is  a  flourishing  town, 
and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  Methodist 
meeting-house,  and  2  resjwctable  academics. 

SPARTA,  V.  and  seat  of  justice.  White  co. 
Ten.  on  Calfkiller's  fork  of  Craney  river,  65  m. 
E.  from  Murfreesborough,  75  SE.  by  E.  from 
Nashville,  623  from  W. 

SPARTA,  v.  and  seat  of  justice,  Coneculi 
CO.  Al.  on  Murder  creek,  brancli  of  Conecuh  r. 
about  70  m.  a  little  E.  of  N.  from  Pcnsacola, 
90  NE.  from  Mobile,  971  from  W. 

SPARTANBURG,  district,  S.  C.  bounded 
by  N.  Carolina  N.  York  and  Union  districts  E. 
Enoree  river  or  Laurens  S.  and  Greenville  W. 
Length  40  m.  mean  width  22.  Chief  town, 
Spartanburg.  Pop.  in  1820, 16,989;  in  1830, 
21,148. 

SPARTANBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Spartanburg 
district,  S.  C.  35  m.  NE.  from  Greenville,  477 
from  V^. 

SPEEDSVILLE,  v.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y. 

SPEEDWELL,  v.  Claiborne  co.  Ten.  200 
m,  NE.  by  E.  from  Murfreesborough. 

SPEEDWELL  MILLS,  v.  Barnwell  dis- 
trict,  S.  C. 

SPEIGHTSTOWN,  s-p.  of  Barbadoes,  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  island.  Lon.  SS'  31'  W. ; 
lat.  13°  15'  N. 


SPEIGLETOWN,  v.  in  the  NW.  corner  of 
Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y. 

SPENCER,  CO.  In.  bounded  by  Ohio  r.  S. 
Warwick  co.  W.  Dubois  N.  and  Perry  E. ; 
length  30  m.  breadtli  12.  It  is  generally  hilly 
and  broken,  but  the  soil  is  very  good.  Chief 
town,  Rockiwt.  Pop.  in  1820, 1,882;  in  1830, 
3,187. 

SPENCER,  V.  and  scat  of  justice,  Owen  co. 
In.  on  a  small  creek  of  White  river,  about  50 
m.  SW.  from  Indianapolis,  624  from  W. 

SPENCER,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  11  m. 
WSW.  from  Worcester,  51  WSW.  from  Bos- 
ton.    Pop,  1,618. 

SPENCER,  t.  Tioga  co.  N.  Y.  54  m.  S.  from 
Auburn,  191  WSW.  from  Albany.   Pop.  1,253. 

SPENCER  MOUNTAINS  mts.  Me.  10  m. 
E.  of  Mooschead  Lake. 

SPENCERTOWN,  v.  in  IlUlsdalc,  N.  Y, 

SPITHEAD  CREEK, r.  America,  rmis  into 
the  Ohio. 

SPIJT-ROCK  CREEK,  r.  La.  runs  into 
tlie  Missouri,  170  m.  W.  from  Mississippi. 

SPOON,  r.  II.  rises  between  the  Illinois  and 
Mississippi  rivers,  at  Lat.  4P  20'  N.  and  foils 
into  the  former  150  m.  above  its  influx  into  tlie 
Mississippi. 

SPOTSWOOD,  v.  Middlesex  co.  N.J.  9  m. 
SE.  from  New  Brunswick.  It  contains  an 
Episcopal  church,  a  powder-mill,  2  snuff-mills, 
and  upwards  of  30  houses. 

SPOTSYLVANIA,  co.  Va.  bounded  N.  by 
the  Rappaliannoclt,  SE.  by  CaroUne  co.  SSW. 
by  Hanover  and  Louisa  cos.  and  NW.  by 
Orange  co.  Pop.  15,227.  Chief  town,  Fred- 
ericksburg, 

SPREAD  EAGLE,  v.  Delaware  co.  Pa. 

SPRIGG,  t.  Adams  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  1,739. 

SPRINGBOROUGH,  v.  Warren  co.  Ohio. 
SW.  from  Columbus. 

SPRING  CREEK,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,061. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Ross  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
930. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,207. 

SPRINGFIEI,D,  t.  Loudon  co.  Va. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Va.  on 
S.  brancli  of  the  Potomac,  10  m.  NE.  from 
Rornney,  58  WNW.  from  Winchester. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  and  cap.  Washington 
CO.  Ken.  30  m.  NW.  from  Danville,  600  from 
W.    Pop.  618.     It  contains  a  bank. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  and  cap.  Robertson  co. 
Ten.  on  Sulphur  Fork,  25  m.  N.  from  Nasli- 
ville.  Pop.  700.  Fourteen  miles  E.  of  this  town 
there  is  a  mineral  spring,  which  is  much  re- 
sorted  to. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  on  the 
Connecticut,  opposite  Charlestown,  13  m.  SSW. 
from  Windsor.    Pop,  2,749. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  H.  36 
m.  NW.  from  Concord.    Pop.  1,202. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  12  m. 
NE.  from  Cooperstown,  58  VV.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  2,816, 

SPRINGFIELD,  t,  Essex  co,  N.  J.  15  m. 
SW.  from  N.  Y.    Pop.  1,653. 


412 


SPR— STA 


SPRINGFIELD,  t.  and  cap.  Hampden  co. 
Mass,  on  E.  side  of  the  Connecticut,  18  m.  S. 
from  Northampton,  28  N.  from  Hartford,  48 
WSW.  from  Worcester,  88  W.  by  S.  from 
Boston,  363  from  W.  I.on.  72°  36'  W. ;  Int. 
42°  6'  N.  Pop.  6,784.  It  contains  a  number 
of  public  buildings  and  manuliictorics,  2  pub- 
lic libraries,  and  a  great  number  of  elegant 
houses.  The  U.  S.  arsenal,  a  little  east  of  the 
village,  makes  an  imposing  show.  An  U.  S. 
manufactory  of  small-arms  is  situated  about  a 
mile  from  the  arsenal,  employing  a  number  of 
mills  and  work-shops,  and  about  250  hands, 
who  manufacture  about  18,000  muskets  a-year. 
Tills  town  contains  also  extensive  manufacto- 
ries ot"  cotton  goods,  paper,  &.c. 

SPRINciFIKl,]),  West,  t  Hampden  co. 
Mass.  on  W.  side  of  the  Connecticut,  opposite 
Springfield.  Pop.  .'1,272.  This  ia  a  pleasant 
and  valuable  agricultural  town,  and  contains 
4  parishes,  in  each  of  which  is  a  meeting- 
house. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Burlington  co.  N.  J.  18 
m.  from  Trenton.     Pop.  1,534. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Hamilton  co.  Ohio,  12 
m.  N.  from  Cincinnati.    Pop.  3,025. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Clarke  co.  Ohio,  13  m. 
S.  from  Urbana,  42  W.  from  Columbus.  Pop. 
2,602.  It  is  a  flourishing  town,  and  contains 
a  woollen  manufactory. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio. 
Fop.  2,030. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,04J. 

SPRINGFIELD,  t.  La.  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Helena,  about  30  m.  WNVV.  from  Madison- 
ville. 

SPRINGFIELD,  v.  York  district,  S.  C. 

SPRINGFIELD,  v.  Susquehannali  co.  Pa. 
49  m.  from  W. 

SPRING  ISLAND,  small  isl.  near  the  coast 
of  S.  Carolina.    Lat.  32°  22'  N. 

SPRING  PLACE,  a  Moravian  missionary 
station  among  the  Cherokees,  '5  m.  SE.  from 
Brainerd,  120  NW.  from  Athens.  A  consid- 
erable  number  of  Cherokee  children  have  been 
educated  at  tliis  place. 

SPRINGVILLE,  v.  Montgomery  co.  N.C. 

SPRINGVILLE,  t.  Clarke  co.  In.  Pop 
1,754. 

SPRING  GARDEN,  v.  Pittsylvania,  Va. 
130  m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Richmond. 

SPRING  GARDEN,  v.  Rockinghti"!  co. 
N.  C.  113  m.  NW.  from  Raleigh. 

SPRING  GROVE,  v.  Iredell  co.  N.  C.  195 
m.  westerly  from  Raleigii. 

SPRING  GROVE,  v.  Laurens  district,  S.  C. 
65  rn.  northwesterly  from  Columbia. 

SPRING-HILL,  v.  Fauquier  oo.  Vo. 

SPRING-HILL,  V.  Louisa  co  Va. 

SPRING-HILL,  t.  Clarke  co.  In.  Pop. 
1,561. 

SPRING-HILL,  V.Chesterfield  co.  Va. 

SPRING-HILL,  V.  Lenoir  co.  N.  C. 

SPRING-HILL,  V.  Jefferson  co.  Geo. 

SQUAM,  lake,  N.  H.  in  Sandwich,  Moul- 
tonborough,  Centre  Harbor,  and  Holdemess,  6 
m.  long,  and  4  broad. 


SQUAM,  r.  N.  H.  runs  from  Squam  liakc 
SW.  into  the  Merrimack. 

SQUANICOOK,  r.  Mass.  runs  SE.  into  the 
Nashua,  E.  of  Shirley. 

STAATSBUR(i,  y.  in  Clinton,  N.  Y.  10  m 
N.  from  Poughkeepsie. 

STAFFORD,  t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  9  m.  NE 
from  Tolland,  27  NE.  from  Hartford,  73  WSW. 
from  Boston.  Pop.  2,514.  It  contains  a  fur- 
nace for  casting  hollow-ware,  and  a  famous 
chalyi)cate  spring,  with  good  accommodations 
for  visitors.  Its  waters  have  proved  beneficial 
m  a  variety  of  diseases,  and  are  resorted  to  by 
those  afllietcd  with  dropsy,  gout,  rheumatism, 
piles,  scrofula,  cutaneous  eruptions,  ifec. 

STAFFORD,  t.  Monmouth  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
2,05!». 

STAFFORD,  co.  NE.  part  of  Va.  bounded 
N.  by  Prince  William  co.  NE.  by  the  Poto- 
mac and  Prince  George  co.  S.  by  the  Rappa- 
hannock, and  W.  by  Culpepcr  and  Fauquier 
COS.     Pop.  9,362.    Chief  town,  Falmouth. 

STAFFORD,  v.  Orange  co.  Vt.  45  m.  NE. 
from  Rutland. 

STAFFORD,  t  Genesee  co.  N.  Y.  8  m.  a 
little  S.  of  E.  from  Batavia,  and  about  30  SW 
from  Rocliester.     Poj).  2,307. 

STAFFORD,  C.  H.  Stafford  co.  Va.  47  m. 
SSW.  from  W.  and  76  a  little  E.  of  N,  from 
Richmond. 

STAGE  ISLAND,  small  isl.  near  the  coast 
of  Maiuc,  not  fir  from  Casco  Bay,  remarkable 
for  beinar  the  first  land  inhabited  by  Europe- 
ans in  New  England. 

STAGVILLE,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 

STAGVILLE,  v.  Orange  co.  N.  C. 

STAMFORD,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  12  m. 
SE.  from  Bennington.     Pop.  563. 

STAMFORD,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  on  Long 
Island  Sound,  9  m.  SW.  from  Norwalk,  31  NE. 
from  N.  Y.  40  SW.  from  New  Haven.  Pop. 
3,795.     It  contains  4  parishes  and  6  churches. 

STAMFORD,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  15  m. 
ENE.  from  Delhi.    Pop.  1,597. 

STANFORD,  t.  and  cap.  Lincoln  co.  Ken. 
10  m.  SSE.  from  Danville,  40  SSW.  from  Lex- 
ington, 567  from  W.  Pop.  363.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  a  jail,  and  a  rope-walk. 

STANFORD,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.Y.  18  m. 
NE.  from  Poughkeepsie.  Pop.  2,521.  It  is  a 
valuable  township,  and  contains  several  paper- 
mills,  and  otiier  vahrable  mills. 

STANFORDVILLE,  v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 
87  m.  SE.  from  Albany. 

STANHOPE,  t.  Morris  co.  N.J. 

STANNARDSVILLE,  t.  Orange  co.  Va.  23 
m.  N.  by  W.  from  Charlottesville,  and  95  NW. 
from  Richmond. 

STANTON  HILL,  v.  Charlotte  co.  Va. 

STANl'ONSBURG,  v.  Edgecombe  co.  N.C. 

STAR  ISLAND,  one  of  the  Isles  of  Shoals, 
belonging  to  Maine. 

STARK,  CO.  Ohio,  bounded  N.  by  Portage, 
E.  by  Columbiana,  S.  by  Tuscarawas,  and  W. 
by  Wayne.  Length  33  m.  width  30.  Pop.  in 
1820,  14,506;  in  1830,  26,780.  Chief  town, 
Canton. 

STARKEY,  v.  Steuben  CO.  N.  Y. 


33; 

froi 
int 
wit 
spo 


it 


STA— STO 


413 


STARKS,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  7  m.  W.  from 
Norridgewock,  and  200  NNE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,471. 

STARKSnOROTTGH,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  28 
m.  W.  from  Moiit|K'lier.     Pop.  1,342. 

STARR,  t  Hocking  co.  O'lio.     Pop.  295. 

STATEN  ISLAND,  isl.  belonging  to  New 
York,  and  forming  tlie  county  of  Richmond. 
It  is  about  18  ni.  in  length,  and,  where  widest, 
8  in  breadth.  The  island  in  general  is  rough, 
and  the  liilb  high.     Pop.  7,084. 

STATES  BOROUGH,  v.  and  sent  of  justice, 
Bullock  CO.  Geo.  4.1  m.  NW.  from  Savannali. 

STATESBURG,  t.  and  cap.  Clarcmont  dis- 
trict,  S.  C,  E.  of  the  Watcree,  30  m.  S.  from 
Camden,  470  from  W.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, a  jail,  and  a  few  houses. 

STAT ESVJLLE,  t.  and  cap.  Iredell  co.  N.C. 
24  m.  WSW.  from  Salisbury,  3!i8  from  \V.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  n  jail,  un  academy,  a 
church,  and  about  50  houses. 

STAUNTON,-  t.  and  cap.  Augusta  co.  Va. 
40  m.  WNW.  from  Charlottesville,  95  SW. 
from  Winchester,  120  WNVV.  from  Richmond, 
163  from  W.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  in  a 
healthy  part  of  the  country,  regularly  laid  out, 
and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy, 
3  churches,  and  nearly  2,000  inhabitants. 

STAUNTON,  t  Miami  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Miami,  1  m.  E.  from  Troy.    Pop.  1,081. 

STAUNTON,  a  principal  branch  of  the 
Roanoke,  Va.  It  rises  on  W.  side  of  the  Blue 
Ridge,  and  there  has  tlie  name  of  Roanoke,  but 
after  its  passage  through  the  Blue  Ridge,  it 
takes  the  name  of  Staunton,  which  it  retains 
to  its  junction  with  the  Dan,  on  the  W.  border 
of  Mecklenburg  co. 

STEDMANSVILLE,  v.  Meigs  co.  Ohio. 

STEPHENTOWN,  t  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y. 
22  m.  SE.  from  Albany.     Pop.  2,716. 

STERLING,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  30  m. 
NNW.  from  Montpelier.     Pop.  183. 

STERLING,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  5  m. 
W.  by  S.  from  Lancaster,  12  N.  from  Worces- 
ter, 44  W.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,789.  It  is  a 
valuable  agricultural  town,  and  has  a  consid- 
erable village. 

STERLING,  t  Windham  co.  Ct.  4  m.  E, 
from  Plainfield,  and  18  NE.  from  Norwich. 
Pop.  1,240. 

STERLING,  NW.  t  Cayuga  co.  N.Y 
Pop.  1,436. 

STEP  LING,  V.  Wayne  co.  Pa.  156  m.  NE 
from  Harrisburg. 

STERLINGVILLE,  t.  Granville  co.  N.C. 

STEUBEN,  t  Washington  co.  Me.  on  the 
Naraguagus  river,  311  m.  NE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  695. 

STEUBEN,  ca  N.Y.  bounded  N.  by  Onta- 
rio CO.  E.  by  Seneca  Lake,  and  Tioga  co.  S.  by 
Pennsylvania,  and  W.  by  Alleghany  co.  Pop. 
33,975.    Chief  town,  Bath. 

STEUBEN,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  N. 
from  Utica.  Pop.  2,094.  Baron  Steuben  died 
in  this  town  in  1796,  and  here  his  ashes  repose, 
without  a  stone  \a  direct  the  passenger  to  the 
spot 

STEUBENVILLE,  L  and  cap.  Jefferson  co. 


Oliio,  on  the  Ohio,  69  m.  by  tlie  river,  below 
Pittsburg,  38  by  land,  109  above  Marietta,  25 
NE.  from  St.  Clairsville,  150  E.  by  N.  from 
Colutrihus.  Lon.  8^  40'  W.;  lat.  40°  25'  N. 
Pop.  2,937.  It  is  a  very  flourishing  town, 
with  many  fine  buildings,  lour  hiindsome 
churches,  and  u  large  number  of  manufactur- 
ing establishments,  such  as  woollen  and  cot- 
ton factories,  furnaces,  |)apcr-niills,  Ac.  mostly 
propelled  by  steam.  Also  an  academy,  two 
banks,  and  a  printiiig-ofTice. 

STEWART,  NW.  co.  Ten.  E.  on  Tennea- 
see  liver,  bounded  by  Ken.  NE.  Montgomery 
CO.  Ten.  E.  Diekson  co.  SE.  Humphreys  S.  and 
Tennessee  river,  or  Henry  co.  W.  Length  22 
m.  mean  width  20.  Pop,  in  1820,  8,388 ;  in 
1830,  r.,988.     C:hicf  town,  Dover. 

STEWARTSTOWN,  t.  C(«s  co.  N.  H.  on 
the  Connecticut,  40  m.  N.  from  Lancaster,  and 
460  from  W.     Pop.  .Wit. 

STEWARTSVILLE,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.  J.  60 
m.  N.  from  Trenton. 

STEWARTSV7'  ^E,  v.  in  the  W.  part  of 
Westmoreland  co.  Pa.  on  the  road  from  Greens- 
burg  to  Pittsburg,  12  m.  from  the  former,  and 
14  from  the  latter  place. 

STILL  VALLEY,  v.  Sussex  co.  N.J. 

STILLWATER,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  on 
W.  side  of  the  Hudson,  22  m.  N.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  2,601.  Bemas's  Heights  are  in  this  town- 
ship, 3  m.  N.  of  the  village.  This  place  is 
memorable  for  a  battle  fought  on  the  19th  of 
September,  1777,  between  the  Americans  and 
British. 

STILLWATER,  r.  Ohio,  runs  SE.  into  the 
Great  Miami,  above  Dayton,  and  opposite  the 
moutli  of  Mad  river. 

STOCK,  t.  Harrison  co.  Ohio.   Pop.  1,066. 

STOCKBRIDGE,  t.  Windsor  cc.  Vt.  32 
m.  NW.  from  Windsor.    Pop.  1,333. 

STOCKBRIDGE,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  6 
m.  S.  from  Lenox,  12  S.  from  Pittsficld,  130 
W.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,580.  It  is  watered 
by  the  Housatonnuc,  is  a  pleasant  town,  and 
contains  a  printing-office  and  several  cotton 
and  woollen  manufactories.  There  is  a  quarry 
of  marble  in  this  town. 

STOCKBRIIXiE,  West,  t.  Berkshire  co. 
Mass.  10  m.  SSW.  from  Lenox,  135  W.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  1,208.  Here  are  very  valuable 
qvarries  of  wliitc  and  blue  marble,  and  an 
iron  mine. 

STOCKHOLM,  t.  St  Lawrence  co.  N.  Y. 
30  m.  E.  from  Ogdensburg.    Pop.  1,944. 

STOCKTON,  t.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  10  m. 
a  little  W.  of  S.  from  Fredonia,  and  60  m. 
SW.  from  Buffalo.     Pop.  1,604. 

STODDARD,  t  Cheshire  co.  N.H.  14  m. 
NE.  from  Keene,  44  WSW.  from  Concord. 
Pop.  1,159. 

STODDERTSVILLE,  v.  Luzerne  co.  Pa. 

STOKES,  CO.  N.  C.  bounded  by  Virginia  N. 
Rockingham  and  Guilford  cos.  N.  C.  E.  Row- 
an S.  and  Surrey  W.  Length  40  m.  width 
24.    Chief  towm,  Salem.    Pop.  16,196. 

STOKES,  t  Montgomery  co.  N.  C.  near 
the  Yadkin. 

STOKES,  t  Madison  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  560. 


414 


STO— SUP 


STOKESBTJRY,  v.  Stokes  co.  N.  C.  140 
m.  NW.  from  Raleigh. 

STONE  CREEK,  r.  MisHissippi,  runs  into 
the  Mississippi,  lat.  .'{2^  H'  N, 

STONEHAM.t.  Middl.'Hex  co.  Mass.  D  m. 
N.  from  Hoston.     Pop.  7.'13. 

STONE'S  RIVER,  r.  Ten.  runs  NW.  into 
the  Cumberliiiul,  (i  ni.  nlwvc  Niisiivillc. 

STONE  FORT,  v.  Eranlilin  co.  Ten. 

STONESHOROrCJH,  V.  (Jreeno  co.  Ken. 

STONEWAF-I,  CREEIv,  r.  N.  America, 
runs  into  tiie  Missouri,  just  iilmvc  the  natural 
stone-walls,  !(.5  ni.  below  the  (ireat  Falls. 

STONINGTON,  s-p.  New  London  co.  (^t. 
12  m.  E.  from  New  London.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  3,401.  The  liarlwr  sets  up  from  the 
Sound,  opposite  Fisher's  Island.  It  borders  on 
Rhode  Island,  and  is  a  place  of  some  trade. 
This  town  was  bombarded  by  the  British, 
without  effect,  Aug.  8, 1814.  It  is  a  place  of 
Bome  resort  for  sea-batliing,  during  the  sum- 
mer. 

STONINGTON,  North,  t.  New  London  co. 
Ct  9  m.  N.  from  Stonington.    Pop.  2,840.    . 

STONO  INLET,  r.  or  channel,  S.  C.  which 
separates  the  islands  of  James  and  John,  and 
runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Ion.  80°  3'  W. ;  lat.  38° 
41' N. 

STONY  BROOK,  v.  Brookhaven,  N.  Y.  3 
m.  E.  from  Sautucket. 

STONY  ISLAND,  isl.  in  E.  end  of  Lake 
Ontario,  SW.  from  Sacket's  Harbor. 

STONY  POINT,  V.  Albemarle  co.  Va. 

STONY  POINT,  V.  Abbeville  districts.  Cj 

BTONY  POINT,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
river  Hudson,  40  m.  above  New  York.  For- 
merly a  military  post;  was  taken  by  storm 
from  the  British  by  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne,  in 
the  war  of  the  Revolution,  July  16,  1779. 
.  STORMVILLE,  v.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y. 

STOUGHTON,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  15  m. 
S.  from  Boston. 

STOUGSTOWN,  v.  Cumberland  co.  Pa.  45 
m.  westerly  from  Harrisburg. 

STOUTS,  V.  Washington  co,  Miso. 

STOW,  t  Washington  co.  Vt  22  m.  NNW. 
from  Montpelier.    Pop.  1,570. 

STOW,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  30  m.  W. 
from  Boston.     Pop.  1,221. 

STOW,  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio. 

STOW  CREEK,  r.  N.  J.  runs  into  the 
Delaware. 

STOW  CREEK,  t.  Cumberland  co.  N.  J. 
on  Stow  creek.     Pop.  791. 

STOWSVILLE,  V.  Lincoln  co.  N.  C.  185 
m.  westerly  from  Raleigh. 

STRAFFORD,  co.  E.  part  of  N.  H.  bounded 
N.  by  Coos  CO.  E.  by  Maine,  SW.  by  Rocking- 
ham CO.  and  W.  by  Grafton  co.  Pop.  58,916. 
Chief  towns,  Dover,  Gilmanton,  Rochester,  and 
Durham. 

STRAFFORD,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  35  m.  N. 
from  Windsor.  Pop.  1,935.  Here  is  on  ex- 
tensive copperas  manufactory. 

STRAFFORD,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  15 
m.  NW.  from  Johnstown.     Pop.  552. 

STRAIGHT  CREEK,  r.  N.  America,  runs 
into  the  Ohio,  Ion.  84°  2'  W. ;  lat.  38°  38'  N. 

STRASBURG,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.  E.  of 


North  Mountain,  9  m.  NNW.  from  Clmmbers- 
burg,  II.')  m.  W.  from  Philadelphia. 

S'l'RASni!!{<;,  t.  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  8  m. 
SE.  from  Liiiieaster,  5H  W.  from  Phihidclpliia, 
110  from  W.  I'op.  l,03(i.  It  is  a  pleasant 
and  considerable  town.  The  village  is  built 
cliictly  of  brick  and  stone. 

STRASBIIRC;,  v.  Shenandoah  co.  Va.  12 
m.  NNE.  from  Woodstock,  88  from  W.  It 
contains  about  00  houses. 

STRA'l'FORD,  t.  Coos  co.  N.  II.,  E.  of  tiie 
Connecticut,  18  m.  N.  from  Lancaster.  Pop. 
443. 

STRATFORD,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  on  W. 
side  of  Stratford  river,  near  its  mouth,  14  m. 
SW.  from  New  Haven.  Pop.  1,807.  It  is  a 
pleasant  town,  and  has  an  academy  and  some 
trade. 

STRATHAM,  t.  Rockingham  co.  N.  II.  8 
ni.  SW.  from  Portsmouth.    Pop.  838. 

STRATTON,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  23  m. 
NE.  from  Bennington.     Pop.  312. 

STRAWBERRY  RIVER,  r.  NW.  Territo- 
ry, runs  into  Lake  Superior,  W.  of  Goddard's 
river. 

STRONG,  t  Somerset  co.  Me.  24  m.  NW. 
from  Norridgewock,  308  NNE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  985. 

STUARTSBURG,  v.  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 

STUART'S  LAKE,  N.  America,  W.  of  tlie 
Chippewan  mountains.  It  is  but  imperfectly 
known,  but  represented  as  300  m.  in  circum- 
ference. The  NW.  Company  have  a  fort  on 
its  banks,  at  lat.  54°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  48°  W. 
from  W. 

STUMPSTOWN,  t.  Daui)hin  co.  Pa.  on  a 
branch  of  the  little  Swatara,  24  m.  ENE.  from 
Harrisburg. 

STURBRIDGE,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  18 
m.  SW.  from  Worcester,  58  SW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,688.  It  is  watered  by  the  Quinebaug, 
and  the  turnpike  from  Worcester  to  Hartford 
passes  through  the  town. 

STURGEON,  bay  of  Green  Bay,  setting  up 
SE.  towards  Lake  Michigan,  opposite  the 
mouth  of  Menomonie  river,  and  45  m.  NNE. 
from  the  mouth  of  Fox  river. 

SUCCESS,  t.  Coos  CO.  N.  Hampshire,  E.  of 
the  Androscoggin,  23  m.  £.  from  Lancaster. 
Pop.  14. 

SUCK  CREEK,  r.  Ten.  runs  into  the  Ten- 
nessce,  at  the  Whirl. 

SUCKASUNNY,  v.  Morris  co.  N.  J.  It  is 
a  pleasant  village,  and  contains  a  Presbyterian 
meeting-house,  and  an  academy. 

SUDBURY,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  53  ni.  SW. 
from  Montpelier.     Pop.  812. 

SUDBURY,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  22  m. 
W.  from  Boston.     Pop.  1,424. 

SUDBURY,  East,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass. 
18  m.  W.  from  Boston.    Pop.  944. 

SUFFIELD,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  on  W.  bank 
of  the  Connecticut,  11  m.  S.  from  Springfield, 
17  N.  from  Hartford.  Pop.  2,690.  It  is  a 
pleasant  and  considerable  town,  and  contains 
several  churches  for  Presbyterians  and  Bap- 
tists. Here  is  a  mineral  spring  considerably 
resorted  to. 

SUFFIELD,  southern  t.  Portage  co.  Ohio. 


exteil 

tains 

SI 

Kend 


iibors- 

8  III. 

ciisaiil 
H  built 

Vii.  12 

vv.   u 

.  of  tllR 
•.    Top- 

.  on  W- 

11, 11  >"• 

It  is  a 

nd  BOiue 

,  N.  H.  8 

rt.  23  m. 

■.  Territo 
Goddard's 

I  m.  NW. 
in  Boston. 

ind  CO.  Ta. 
^,W.  ofUie 
iniperfecUy 
in  circum- 
B  a  fort  on 
Ion.  48°  W. 

0.  Pa.  on  a 
ENE.  from 

Mass.  18 

IroHi  Boston. 

Quinebaiig, 

to  Hartford 

y,  setting  up 
opposite  the 
g  m.  NNE. 

pshire,  E.  of 
Lancaster. 

Into  the  Ten- 

1.  N.  J.    It  is 

1  Presbyterian 

I.  53  m.  SW. 

iMass.  22  m. 
lex  CO.  Mass. 

|t.'onW.bank 
Springfield, 
|690.  It  is  a 
_,  and  contains 
fans  and  Bap- 
considerably 

Be  CO.  Ohio. 


SUF— SUR 


415 


SUFFOLK,  CO.  MiKMs.  coiiiprisin^  only  tlii' 
towns  of  Boston  iind  ("IioIhcu,  which  sec.  'I'his 
county  comprises  only  ii  very  snmll  spot  on 
till!  confinctit,  lloston  |HMiinsulii,  and  tiic  islands 
in  the  hiirl.or.     Pop.  in  l^-^i),  l!),:'  U  ;  in  IS.'iO, 

SUFKOfiK',  CO.  N.  Y.  comprising  the  K. 
part  of  liOiig  Island,  hounded  hy  (inecn's  W. 
Long  Isliuui  Sound  N.and  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
NF,.,  10.  and  S.  Jjcngth  80  in.  mean  width  8. 
Soil  of  tin;  whole  county  rather  sterile.  Chief 
towns,  Rivcr-hciul,  Sag  Ilarl)or,  and  South- 
ampton. Pop.  in  1«:20,  24,272;  in  183U, 
2C,!)8(). 

SUFFOLK,  C.  IT.  Suffolk  co.  N.  Y. 

SUFFOFjK,  t.  and  cap.  Nanacinond  co.  Va. 
on  the  river  Nnnseniond,  HO  SW.  from  IJmn|)- 
ton,  Sri  SE.  from  Richmond,  :2^'()  from  W.  It 
contains  a  court-house  and  a  jail.  Th(!  river 
is  navigable  to  this  i)lacc  for  vessels  of  2CM 
tons. 

SUCJAR  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  runs  E.  into  the 
E.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  about  (i  in. 
above  Towanda  creek. 

SUGAR  CREEK,  SW.  t.  of  Stark  co.Ohio. 
Pop.  1,261. 

SUGAR  CREEK,  t.  Tuscarawas  co.  Ohio, 
in  which  is  the  town  of  Slianesvillc.     Pop. 

y82. 

SUGAR  CREEK,  t.  Green  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
2,177. 

SUGAR  CREEK,  t  Wayne  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
948. 

SUGAR  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  joins  the  Little 
Miami,  above  Waynesville. 

SUGAR  RIVER,  r.  Michigan,  runs  into 
Saganaum  Bay. 

SUGAR  RIVER,  r.  N.  H.  runs  from  the 
Sunapee  Lake  into  tlie  Connecticut,  in  Clarc- 
mont. 

SUGGSVILLE,  v.  Clarke  co.  Al.  12  m.  from 
Claiborne. 

SULLIVAN,  t.  Hancock  eo.  Mc.  at  the 
head  of  Frencliman's  Bay,  30  m.  E.  from  Cas- 
tine,  280  NE.  from  Boston.    Pop.  538. 

SULLIVAN,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  H.  6  m. 
NNE.  from  Keene,  48  WSW.  from  Concord. 
Pop.  555. 

SULLIVAN,  CO.  N.  Y.  bounded  NW.  by 
Delaware  co.  NE.  by  Ulster  co.  S.  by  Orange 
CO.  and  SW.  by  the  Delaware,  which  separates 
it  from  Pennsylvania.  Pop.  12,372.  Cliief 
town,  Monticello. 

SULLIVAN,  t.  Madison  co.  N.  Y.  on  S. 
side  of  Oneida  Lake.  Pop.  4,077.  Gypsum 
and  iron  ore  are  found  here. 

SULLIVAN,  CO.  NE.  part  of  East  Tennes- 
see.    Pop.  10,073.    Chief  town,  Blountsville. 

SULLIVAN  ISLAND,  isl.  at  the  mouth  of 
Ashley  and  Cooper  rivers,  6  m.  below  Charles- 
ton, S.  C.  This  island  is  much  resorted  to  by 
the  people  of  Charleston  during  the  summer 
months. 

SULLIVAN'S  MOUNTAINS,  in  N.  H. 
extending  from  Coekburne  to  the  White  Moun- 
tains,  about  2,000  feet  high. 

SULPHUR  CREEK,  branch  of  Green  r.  in 
Kentucky. 


Sl'.MANYSTOWN,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 
X\  in.  N\W.  from  l'hiladel|.hiu. 

SI'MMIluriKLI),  v.  (Jnillhrd  eo.  N.  C. 
Sl'MMIT  U|{II)(;i;,  V.  Newcastle  co.  Del. 
SI'MMITSVILLF,  v.  Sullivan  eo.  N.  Y. 
SI  '\l  N IIU,  t.  <  ).\li.nl  CO.  Me.  C.  ni.  N  I',,  from 
Paris,  170  NNH.  Mu\  Hoslon.     I'..p.  I,0:»!», 

SlJ,MNi:i{,  CO.  on  N.  side  of  West  Tennes- 
see.    Pop. 'JIMiOti.     (Niief  town,  (iallutui. 

Sll.Mi'TMR,  district  of  S.  ('.  IxiniKhd  by 
Santee  river  or  Chiirleston  district  S.  Santee 
river  or  Oraiigehiirg  SW.  Wateree  river  or 
Richland  W.  Kershaw  NW.  liyrich's  creek, 
river,  or  Darlington  NIO.  and  Williamsburg 
N.  Length  .'iO,  mean  width  30  m.  Black 
river,  branch  of  (ircat  Pcdee,  takes  its  rise  in 
this  district.  The  canal  connecting  Santeo 
river  with  Charleston  iiarbor  leaves  the  Santee, 
nearly  o|)positc  to  the  SF.  angle  of  Sumner. 
Chiel'town,  Suinplcrvillc.  Pop.  in  1820,25,36!); 
in  IKJO,  ^8,',>7H. 

SlLMI'TKRVITiLE,  v.  and  scat  of  justice, 
Sunipter  district,  S.  ('.  on  the  dividing  ground 
between  the  two  main  branc'hcs  of  Black  river, 
about  100  in.  a  litth;  W.  of  N.  from  (Charleston. 
SUMTFRSVILLE,  v.  Claremont  co.  S.  C. 
SUNAPEE,  lake,  N.  II.  in  Fishcrsfield, 
Wendell,  and  Niiw  London.  It  is  11  m.  long, 
and  IS  broad.  Iiittle  Sunapee,  2  m.  long,  lies 
NE.  of  it,  in  New  LondoT'. 

SUNAl'FE,  int.  N.  II.,S.of  Sunnpee  Lake. 
SUNIJURY,  bor.  and  cap.  Nortliuinberland 
CO.  Pa.  on  the  Sus(incliamiah,  I  m.  below  the 
junction  of  the  F.  and  W.  branches,  2  m.  S. 
from  Northuinhcrland,  56  N.  from  llarrisburg, 
12a  NW.  hy  W.  from  Philadelphia,  162  from 
W.     Pop.  1,057.     It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and 
contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  and  a  Presbyte- 
rian and  a  IjUtherun  church,  whicii  are  all 
handsome  and  spacious  structures. 
SUNBURY,  t.  (.'atcs  co.  N.C. 
SUNHURY,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  828, 
SUNBURY,  s-p.   Liberty  co.  (ico.  at  the 
head  of  St.  Catherine's  Sound,  42  m.  SSW. 
from  Savannah.    The  harbor  is  safe  and  com- 
modious,  and   the   situation  of  the  town   is 
pleasant  and  healthy.   Planters  from  the  coun- 
try resort  here  in  the  sickly  season. 

SUNCOOK,  r.  N.  II.  runs  SW.  into  the 
Merrimack,  7  m.  below  Concord. 

SUNDERLAND,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt  20 
m.  NNH.  from  Bennington.     Pop.  463. 

SUNDERLAND,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  E. 
of  the  Connecticut,  8  m.  S.  from  Greenfield, 
90  W.  from  Boston.     Pop.  666. 

SUNFISH  C;REEK,  r.  Ohio,  runs  into  Uic 
Ohio,  22  111.  below  Indian  Wheeling. 
SUNFISH,  t.  Pike  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  568. 
SURREY,  N.  C.  bounded  by  Va.  N.  Stokes 
CO.  in  N.  ('.  E.  Rowan  and  Iredell  S.  and 
Wilkes  and  Ashe  W.  It  is  'irained  by  the  ex- 
treme northern  sources  oi'  the  Yadkin.  Sur- 
face hilly,  and  in  part  mountainous.  Chief 
town,  Rockford.  Pop.  in  1820,  12,320;  in 
1830,  14,501. 

SURREY,  t.  Cheshire  co.N.  H.  8  m.  NNW. 
from  Kccne,  62  WSW.  from  Concord.  Pop. 
539. 


410 


SUR— TAB 


SURREY,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me.  18  m.  NE. 
from  CciHtinc,  257  NE.  from  UoHlon.  Pop.  .IGl. 

SUIUUOY,  CO.  Va.  bounded  N.  by  Prince 
(ieortc  CO.  and  James  river,  SE.  hy  IbIc  of 
Wiffht  and  Soiillmmpton  cofi.  and  SVV.  by  Sus- 
sex CO.     Po|).  7,1  OH. 

SURREY,  V.  II.  Surrey  co.  Va.  64  m.  SE. 
by  E.  from  Richmond. 

SUSQUEHANNAFl,  V.  Broome  co.  N.Y. 

SUSQUi:ilANNAII,  tlie  largest  r.  of  Pa. 
which  is  formed  by  the  E.  and  W.  branches. 
Tlic  E.  rises  in  Otscffo  Lake,  N.  Y.  and  tlie 
W.  ill  Iluntinjjdon  co.  Pa.  Tliey  unite  at 
Nortlmmberiimd.  Tlic  river  then  runs  SE. 
into  the  head  of  tlie  Chcsiipcake  in  Md.  It  is 
1^  ni.  wide  at  its  moutii,  but  is  navigable  only 
5  m.  for  sloops.  Althoupii  tliis  river  carries 
considerably  more  water  than  either  the  Hud- 
son or  Connecticut,  it  is  of  no  advantage  at  all 
for  the  purposes  of  navigation,  except  at  lii^h 
water,  and  then  only  down  stream.  At  its 
floods,  immense  quantities  of  lumber  and  pro- 
duce arc  conveyed  down  in  rafts,  arks,  &,c.  the 
most  of  them  from  the  state  of  N.  Y.  It  is  a 
remarkably  rough  stream,  and  never  navigated 
witiiout  considerable  hazard.  Most  of  the  pro- 
duce finds  a  market  in  Baltimore,  or  is  taken 
through  the  Delaware  and  Chesaiieako  canal 
to  Phi.adelphia. 

SUSQUEHANNAH,  co.  N.  side  of  Pa. 
bounded  N.  by  N.  Y.  E.  by  Wayne  co.  S.  by 
Luzerne  co.  and  W.  by  Bradford  co.  Chief 
town,  Montrose.    Pop.  16,777. 

SUSSEX,  CO.  N.  J.  bounded  NNE.  by  N.  Y. 
SE.  by  Bergen  and  Morris  cos.  SW.  by  War- 
ren CO.  W.  and  NW.  by  the  Delaware,  which 
separates  it  from  Pennsylvania.  Pop.  20,349 
Chief  town,  Newton. 

SUSSEX,  CO.  Del.  bounded  N.  by  Kent  co. 
E.  by  Delaware  bay  and  the  Atlantic,  S.  and 
W.  by  Maryland.  Pop.  27,118.  Chief  towns, 
Georgetown  and  Iicwistown. 

SUSSEX,  CO.  Va.  bounded  NE.  by  Surrey  co. 
SSE.  by  Southampton  co.  SW.  by  Greensville 
CO.  and  NW.  by  Dinwiddle  and  Prince  George 
cos.     Pop.  12,720. 

SUSSEX,  C.  H.  V.  Sussex  co.  Va.  on  a  small 
branch  of  Nottaway  river,  64  m.  SSE.  from 
Richmond. 

SUTTON,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.  H.  20  m. 
NW.  from  Concord.     Pop.  1,424. 

SUTTON  VILLAGE,  v.  in  Sutton  t  Mer- 
rimack  co.  N.  H. 

SUTTON,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  15  m.  from 
Danville.    Pop.  1,005. 

SUTTON,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  9  m.  S. 
from  Worcester,  46  SW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
2,186. 

SWAN  ISLAND,  isl.  on  ihe  coast  of  Me. 
4  m.  SW.  from  Mount  Desert.  It  contains 
about  6,000  acres. 

SWAN  RIVER,  r.  N.  America,  runs  into  the 
Mississippi,  Ion.  PS^"  15'  W.;  lat.  44°  34'  N. 

SWAN  POINT,  cape  on  the  coast  of  Md. 
in  the  Chesapeake.  Lon.  76=  22'  W. ;  lat.  38° 
11'  N. 

SWANSBOROUGH,  t.  and  cap.  Onslow  co. 
N.C.  on  White  Oak  river,  40  ni.  SSW.  from 
Newbern,  40^;  from  W. 


SW  ANTON,  t.  Franklin  co.  Vt.  on  Lake 
(^hamplain,  and  bordering  on  Canada,  32  m. 
N.  from  Burlington.     Pop.  2,158. 

SWANTOWN,  V.  Kent  co.  Md.  3  m,  from 
(Jcorgrtown. 

SWANVITJ.E,  t.  Wnldo  co.  IMc.    Pop.  63.1. 

SWANZEY,  t.CliL'shire  co.  N.  IF.  6  m.  S. 
from  Kcene,  58  WSVV.  from  Concord.  Pop. 
1,816.     II('rc  is  a  cotton  nianiiraclory. 

SWANZE  Y,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  16  m.  SSW. 
from  Taunton,  38  S.  I'roin  Boston.    Pop.  1,()77. 

SWATARA,  r.  Pa.  runs  SVV.  into  the  Sus- 
quchnnnah,  at  Aliddlctown. 

SWEASY'S  VILLE,  v.  Adams  co.  Mis.i. 

SVVEDEN,oneof  the  western  fownsof  Mon- 
roe CO.  N.  Y.  15  m.  W.  from  Rochester.  Pop. 
2,!)38.  The  Erie  Canal  crosses  Uic  nortiicrn 
part  of  this  town. 

SWEDESBOROUGH,t. Gloucester  co.  N.J. 
on  Raccoon  creek,  20  m.  SSW.  from  Pliiladel- 
phia.  It  contains  an  Episcopal  church,  a  wool- 
len manufactory,  and  is  a  place  of  some  trade. 
Raccoon  creek  is  navigable  to  tliis  place  ibr 
boats. 

SWEET  SPRINGS,  v.  Monroe  co.  Va.  28 
m.  SE.  from  Lcwisburg,  42  SW.  from  Warm 
Springs.  Tiiis  place  is  celebrated  for  its  mine- 
nil  waters,  which  arc  much  reported  to. 

SWEirr  WATER  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  runs 
into  the  Ik  ir  creek. 

SWIFT,  r.  N.H.  runs  E.  into  the  Saco,  in 
Conway. 

SWIFT'S  CREEK,  r.  Va.  runs  into  Uie 
Apponiutoy,  lat.  37=  20'  N. 

SWITZERLAND,  co.  In.  bordering  on  the 
Ohio.    Chief  town,  Vevay.    Pop.  7,111. 

SYCAMORE,  t.  in  the  NE.  quarter  of  Ham- 
ilton  CO.  Ohio.  Montgomery,  Reading,  and 
Sharon  villages,  axe  laid  out  in  this  t.  Pop. 
2,77i). 

SYMMES,  t.  Lawrence  co.  Ohio,  on  Symmes 
creek.    Pop.  246. 

SYLVANIA,  V.  Bradford  co.  Pa.  197  m.  a 
little  E.  of  N.  from  Harrisburg. 

SYRACUSE,  t.  and  cap.  Onondaga  co.  N.Y. 
25  m,  NE.  by  E.  from  Auburn,  133  W.  from 
Albany,  342  from  W.  Pop.  about  2,000.  It  is 
a  flourishing  village,  and  stands  on  the  Erie 
canal  at  the  point  where  a  sidccanal  branches 
off  to  Salina.  The  buildings  are  mostly  of 
brick,  and  many  of  them  large  and  splendid. 
The  "  Syracuse  House"  is  a  most  noble  brick 
structure,  4  stories  high,  and  one  of  the  most 
splendid  hotels  in  the  state.  From  a  cupola 
on  the  top,  there  is  a  fine  view  of  Onondaga 
lake,  and  the  village  of  Salina,  a  mile  and  a 
half  distant.  In  1828,  tlie  building  of  an  ele- 
gant court-house  was  commenced,  at  a  point 
midway  between  these  two  villages ;  and  the 
whole  intermediate  space  will  probably  be  built 
over  within  a  few  years.  In  point  of  locality, 
few  inland  towns  have  advantages  equal  with 
this.  TJie  line  of  comiiunication  is  continued 
by  the  Salina  side-canal,  the  Onondaga  lake, 
and  the  Oswego  canal,  to  Lake  Ontario. 

T.-         '■    '■    -f^': ' 

TABERG,  V.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  9  m.  NW.  of 
Rome. 


// 


TAB— TAR 


417 


n  Lake 
I,  32  111. 


in 


from 


Pop.  «i33. 
,  (i  in.  S. 
•d.    Top. 

'in.SSW. 
'op.  l,li"7. 
J  tlie  Sus- 

:o.  Miss, 
lis  of  Men- 
iter.    Poj). 
3  nortliern 

terco.N.J. 
n  Philadcl- 
rch,  a  wool- 
some  trade. 
is  place  for 

,  CO.  Va.  28 
from  Warm 
['or  its  minc- 
ed to. 
r.  Ken.  runs 

the  Saco,  in 

uns  into  tlie 

dering  on  the 

7,111- 

irtcr  of  Ham- 

icading,  and 

this  t.    Pop. 

io,on  Symmes 

.  Pa.  197  m.  a 

dagaco.N.Y. 
133  W.  from 
It  2,000.   It  is 
s  on  the  Erie 
^anal  branches 
axe  mostly  of 
and  splendid. 
,st  noble  brick 
le  of  the  most 
'rom  a  cupola 
of  Onondaga 
(,  a  mile  and  a 
[ding  of  an  ele- 
ced,  at  a  point 
lages;  and  the 
robably  bebmlt 
jint  of  locality, 
iiges  equal  with 
[on  is  continued 
)nondaga  lake. 
Ontario. 

|y.  9m.NW.of 


TAIU-L:  mountain,  mi.  Pendleton  dis- 
trict,  S.C.  mar  NW.  iMirdcr  of  the  htatc,  .'1,1  HH 
foot  higher  thuii  tlie  surroiiiidiiig  country,  niid 
iilKiiit  'l.OOO  al)()V<'  the  level  ol'tlie  Hen.  It  pre- 
sents on  one  Hi<le  a  tremendous  preei|)ice  of 
Kolid  T'lck,  wliii  li  rises  nejirly  |>er|K'n(lienlar,  to 
thi'  liei;,'litof  H!)0  feet.  At  the  hottoni  it>  a  deep 
niul  diHinal  vall(>y,  sunk  njipareiitly  as  nineli 
below,  as  the  inoniit  lin  is  iiIkivc,  llie  general 
levi'l,  The  preeipie.e,  viewed  from  the  valley, 
ap[)cars  like  an  iiinnense  wr.ll  rising'  up  to 
}ieav(!n;  and  the  awe  wliieli  it  inspires  is  con- 
sjdcrably  increased  by  the  (piaiilit.ies  of  bones 
whieli  lie  whitening  at  its  base,  llic  remains  of 
various  animals  whieli  had  incautiously  ap- 
jiroached  too  ni'ar  its  (;(i(rc.  The  suiiniiit  ot' 
this  mountain  is  fmiuently  enveloped  in  clouds. 

TAULIO  IJIVKI,',  r.  F/i.  runs  into  the  Mi- 


81S.Slp|)l 


lilt.  37M:>'N. 


TAllI.E  R0(;K,  v.  Pendleton  district,  S.C. 

TAUOUSA(;,t.  L.V.  n  place  of  great  resort 
fi)r  trading  with  the  Indians,  who  bring  thither 
furs  to  exchange  for  cloln  and  other  J'luropenn 
goods.  It  is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Sa- 
guenay,  !)8  in.  NK.  from  Quebec. 

TAK0NNA(;K,  mt.  Mass.  S.  of  (Jrcat  Bar- 
rington.  It.s  height  is  estimated  at  3,000  feet 
above  the  ocean. 

TAI-nB:RT'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  the 
Atlantic,  on  the  coast  of  Ceo.    I.at.  .'JO'^  41'  N. 

TALUOT,  CO.  Md.  hounded  N.  by  Ciueen 
Anne  co  E.  by  Caroline  and  Dorchester  cos. 
S.  by  Doi  ■liest(!r  co.  ami  W.  by  ('liesapenkc 
Jlay.     Pop.  12,!)n.     Chicftowii,  Kaston. 

TALIiAllASSE,  city,  and  seat  of  govern- 
ment  for  Florida,  is  situated  on  Tugal)oii-i  or 
Wackahulla  river.  Lat.  30=  27'  N. ;  Ion.  i'rom 
W.  7^  13'  W.  The  reasons  which  determined 
the  governor  and  commissioners  to  fix  on  this 
])lace  as  the  metropolis,  were  its  central  posi- 
tion, fertility  of  soil,  and  the  reputation  it  had 
nc(|uired  among  the  Spanish  and  Indians,  of 
being  uncommonly  salubrious.  The  position 
was  fixed  uiwn  for  the  seat  of  government  in 

1824.  It  was  divided  into  lots,  and  sold  in 

1825.  Five  squares  have  been  reserved  for  the 
purpose  of  public  buildings.  The  precincts  of 
the  town  encircle  a  beautifully  undulating 
country.  It  was  immediately  incorporated  as 
a  city.  In  two  years  from  the  first  building, 
the  number  of  whites  and  blacks  was  snp- 
lK)sed  to  amount  to  800.  Some  respectable 
houses  were  built,  but  the  principal  part  of  the 
habitations  are  temporary  log  buildings.  The 
forest  is  falling  on  all  sides,  and  it  is  daily  ac- 
quiring more  and  more  tlie  appearance  of  a 
town.  The  amount  of  the  sales  of  the  lots  was 
824,000.  That  sum  was  appropriated  for  the 
erection  of  a  territorial  capitol.  The  materials 
for  building  are  good  and  abundant.  There 
are  already  a  number  of  stores,  taverns,  and 
shops  of  all  the  customary  mechanics,  with  a 
full  proportion  of  lawyers  and  doctors,  and  200 
houses.  A  printing-press  has  been  establish- 
ed, from  which  issues  the  "Florida  Intelli- 
gencer." 

TALLAPOOSA,  r.  rises  in  Georgia,  enters 
-''Jabama,  flows  SW.  and  unites  with  the  Coosa 
3G 


3  m.  SW.  from  Fort  .Iacknon,  to  form  the  Al- 
abama. It  is  navigable,  except  in  dry  Bcaoons, 
to  the  (ireat  Falls,  about  ',i't  niiles.  This  river 
is  subji-et  to  great  [xriodical  elevations  and 
depressions.  .Slucli  of  the  country  watered  by 
it  is  very  fertile. 

TAr;i,.MAD(;i;,  l.  Portage  eo.  Ohio,  15  m. 
W'SW.  from  {{aveiina,  35  SSE.  from  Clcve- 
land.  I'op.  l,21f.  It  has  an  academy  and  a 
i'lniace. 

TA.MPICO,  hay  and  s-p.  of  Mexico,  near 
the  inontliof  the  AlfK'te/uenia  river.  Lon.  from 
\V.  11     3ii'  W.;  lat.  2-2-  4.V  N. 

TAM\V()in"[f,  t.  Stratford  co.  N.  II.  CO  m. 
NNE.  from  Coneoid,  G3  NNW.  from  Ports- 
mouth.     Pop.  1,>'>.54. 

TANIOYTOWN,  t.  Frederick  co.  Md.  22 
m.  NNE.  from  Frcderiektown,  40  NW.  from 
Haltimore,  (!7  from  W.  It  is  a  pleasant  and 
handsome  town,  and  contains  several  hand- 
some churelies,  mostly  of  brick. 

TAN(ilPAO,  r.  rises  in  Mississippi,  crofl.scs 
E.  part  of  Louisiana,  and  flo.vs  into  Lake  Pon- 
chartrain,  10  m.  NE.  of  the  pass  of  .Alanchac. 

TANNEK'S  CREEK,  r.  In.  runs  into  the 
Ohio,  2  m.  below  Lawrenceburg. 

TANNEIi'S  HILL,  t.  Newbury  district. 
S.  (;. 

TANSEY.  r.  N.  America,  rises  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  and  runs  into  .Maria's  river. 

TAOS,  t.  of  New  Mexico,  on  the  E.  side  of 
IJio  (Jrande  del  Norte,  above  Santa  Fe.  Lon. 
from  W.  2!)  J  45'  W.j  lat.  37°  20'  N. 

TAOIJS  MOUNTAINS,  N.  America,  the 
southern  part  of  the  chain  of  the  Chip[)cwan, 
or  Rocky  Mountains,  where  the  del  Norte, 
Red  river,  Arkansas,  and  Colorado,  have  their 
rise. 

TAPPAIIANNOCnC,  port  of  entry  and  cap. 
Essex  CO.  Va.  on  SW.  hank  of  the  Rappahan- 
nock,  55  m.  I'^SE.  from  Fredericksburg,  50  NE. 
from  Richmond,  115  from  W.  Lon.  76=  57' 
Vy. ;  hit.  38^  2'  N.  Pop.  about  700.  Its  situ- 
ation  is  low  and  unhealthy.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  jail,  and  an  Episcopal  church. 
All  the  shipi)ing  belonging  to  the  towns  on  the 
Rap[)ahannock  is  entered  at  the  custom-house 
of  this  place. 

TAPPAN,  v.  Rockland  co.  N.  Y. 

TAPPAN  SEA,  an  expansion  of  the  Hud- 
son, opposite  to  Orangefown,  from  25  to  35  m. 
above  the  city  of  New  York,  10  m.  long,  and 

4  in  breadth  at  the  widest  place. 

TAR,  or  Pamlico,  r.  N.C.  rises  in  CasweU 
CO.  flows  through  Granville,  Franklm,  Nash, 
and  Edgecombe  cos.  and  passing  by  Tarbor- 
ough,  Greenville,  and  Washington,  runs  SE. 
into  Pamlico  Sound,  lat.  35°  22^  N.  It  is  nav- 
igable for  vessels  drawing  9  feet  water  to 
Washington,  40- m.  and  for  boats  carrying  15 
or  20  tons  to  Tnrborough,  90  m. 

TAR  BOROUGH,  t.  and  cap,  Edgecombe 
CO.  N.  C.  cu  the  Tar  river,  38  m.  S.  from  Hali- 
fax,  60  ESE.  from  Raleigh,  and  200  from  W. 
Lon.  77°  44'  W. ;  lat.  35°  50'  N.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  bank,  and  an  academy. 
Beef,  pork,  coru,  tobacco,  &.c.  are  exported 
from  this  place  in  considerable  quantities        ,, 


418 


TAlt-TlII-] 


lip 


I 


TARIFF'VII.I.i:,  V.  llurKord  cu.  V,t.  \ 

TARKIO  CRKMIv,  r.  I.u.  runs  iiiUt  the 
MiHsniiri,  IH3  in.  i'roiii  tlu;  MiNHi8.Hi|i|)i, 

'rAUr.irrON,  v.  I'ickuwuy  CO.  Ohio,  17  in. 
NK.  rrornCliillifofhc.     I'oi..  ^>.'»7. 

'I'AUUY-TOVVN,  V.  niul  laiidinfj,  (Jrccna- 
burjr,  N.  Y. 

TA'I'I''.,  I.  ( llcniiont  co.  ( )liio.     Pop.  3,23J2. 

TATK'.Sc;RI:RK,v.  in  N.  piirlorMiuiison 
Co.  Ken.  iiboiit  40  in.  KM.  from  Friuikfort. 

TATNAI,F,,ro.(J<  o.  ImiiiuUd  l)y  A|)|)lJnjr  S. 
'I'clfiiir  iiiiil  IVIonlKoincry  \V.  KiniiinicI  NVV. 
(/iimclico  river,  or  IJiillocit  co.  Nl'l,  unci  Lil)- 
»Tty  iinii  Way  no  SIO.  Lcn>rtli  (iO  m.  nioiin 
width  30.  I'op.  y,()3').  Ciiicf  town,  Perry's 
MilJN. 

'I'AUNTON,  t.  and  cup.  HriHtnl  co.  Moss, 
on  the  river  Tiiunton,  iil  in.  I'l.  from  I'rovi- 
dcnco,  SI  N.  from  Hrisloi,  21  N.  by  VV.  from 
Now  IJcdford,  32i  S.  from  |{<wton,  VM  from 
W.  I'op.  0,(11.').  It  is  ii  pleasant  iind  iiand- 
Homo  town,  and  contaiiiH  n  e.ourt-iioiise,  a  jail, 
a  town-house,  u  bank,  an  ocadcrjiy,  a  prinliii;;- 
nflice,  a  pa|M'r-niili,  and  larfjo  and  thrivini,' 
inanufactorios  of  cotton,  iron,  copper,  h'ad,  and 
Britannia  ware.  7,5()0,00(t  yards  of  calico 
are  made  hero  yearly. 

TAUNTON,  r.  Mass.  is  formed  l)y  nridfrc- 
water  and  Namaskct  rivers,  and  rnns  SVV.  into 
Narragansct  Jky.  It  is  iiaviKablo  lor  sloops 
of  no  tons  to  Tauntiii, .'»()  m. 

TAYLOUSVILLil,  v.  Hanover  co.  Va.  30 
m.  from  Richmond. 

TAYLOUSVir,I-E,  '.Fairfield district,S.C. 
18  m.  from  Columbia. 

TAYLORSVILLE,  t.  Shelby  cq.  Ken,  on  N. 
fork  of  Salt  river,  30  in.  ^E.  iiom  Louisville. 

TAZEWELL,  C.  II.  Ta/.ewell  co.  Va.  30i2 
m.  a  littlp  S.  of  W.  from  Ricliiiiond. 

TAZEWELL,  co.  SW.  i)artof  Va.  Iwiinded 
NW.  by  Kentucky  and  Kenliawa  cos.  N 10.  by 
Giles  and  Montgomery  cos.  SSK.  by  Wytlu; 
and  Washington  cos.  and  SVV.  by  Uussell  co. 
Pop.  4,104. 

TAZEWELIi,  t.  and  caj..  Clailwrnc  co.  Ten. 
about  35  in.  N.  from  Kno.\ville,  IDl  from  W. 

TEACHES,  island,  on  the  coast  of  Va.  in 
Northampton  co. 

TECHE,  r.  La.  flows  SE.  and  joins  the  At- 
chafalaya,  about  15  m.  above  its  entrance  into 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  navigable  to  New 
Iberia,  about  45  m. 

TECOANTEPEC,  seaport  of  Mexico,  in 
Oaxaca. 

TEHUANTEPEC,  the  Gulf  of,  is  a  semi- 
elliptical  indenting  of  that  part  of  the  lacifie 
Ocean,  stretching  between  Guatemala  and  tlie 
state  of  Oaxaca. 

TEKETANOAII,  or  Cyprus  Creek,  r.  Ala- 
bania,  flows  into  the  Tennessee  river,  a  mile 
below  Florence. 

TELFAIR,  CO.  Geo.  bounded  by  Appling  S. 
Doolcn  SW.  Pulaski  NW.  Little  Oakmulgee 
river,  or  Montgomery  co.  NE.  and  Tatnall  E. 
Length  50  m.  mean  width  25.  Pop.  in  1820, 
2,104;  in  1830,  2,136.  Chief  town,  Jackson- 
ville. 

TELLICO,  r.  Ten.  flows  N.  by  W.  into  the 
Tennessee,  just  below  Tcllico. 


i'ELLIC(  >,  t.  IHounl  co.  Ten.  on  N.  Mo  of 
the  river  TennesMee,  .IO  in.  SVV.  Irom  Knox- 
vill(^  Mere  is  a  fi>rt,  block honne,  and  KtoruH 
for  Hiipplyiiig  the  ('herokee  Indians. 

TE.MI'Li;,  t.  Keimebeek  to.  Me.  40  m.  N  W. 
from  AiigiiMta.     INip.  7!)H. 

'I'EMI'LE,  t.  HillNlH)rougli  co.  N.II.  13  m. 
VVSW.  from  AmherHt,  .'il  SSW.  from  ('uucurd. 
I'op.  (;47. 

'i'EMPLETON,  t.  Wore(  Hter  co.  Maw.  27 
111.  NW.  from  VVorcestir,  and  (JO  WNVV.  from 
Roston.     l'o|).  \,r).'»l. 

TENN1:SSEL:,  one  of  tlie  U.  S.  Sec  page 
123. 

TENNESSEE  RIlKiE,  mountains  in  the 
state  of  Tennessee,  lietween  tlie  rivers  Ten- 
nessee and  <  /'uniberland. 

'i'ENSAW,  r.  the  E.  outlet  of  tlu;  Mobile.  It 
branehes oil' (5  or  7  m.  IkIow  Fort  Stoddert, and 
llowH  into  Mobile  Ray,  5  or  0  in.  E.  of  the  VV. 
branch.  Its  channel  is  deeiicr  and  wider  Uian 
tliiit  of  tli(!  W.  branch. 

TENSAW,  r.  La.  flows  SSW.  a  few  miles 
from  the  Mississijipi,  and  unites  with  tlieOuu- 
eliitta  lit  the  junelion  ol'  the  Ocatahoola. 

TENSAVV^,  V.  Washington  co.  Alabamu, 
near  Mobile  Iky. 

TEI'IC',  t.  of  Mexico,  in  the  intendency  of 
(iuadalaxara,  5U0  m.  NW.  from  the  city  ol" 
Mexico. 

Ti:iiRE  HAUTE,  v.  Sullivan  co.  Indiana, 
on  tlu!  Wabash,  2  m.  below  Fort  Harrison. 
TERRY VILLE,  v.  Meekknbnrg  co.  Va. 
TETON,  r.  lia.  runs  into  the  Missouri  fiver, 
1,2(53  in.  from  the  Mississi])pi. 

TKWKSHUUY,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  S. 
of  the  Merrimack,  7  in.  SW.  from  Andovcr, 
23  N.  from  HoKton.     I'o]).  1,.'527. 

TEVVKS15URY,  t.  Hunterdon  co.  N.J. 
Po|).  I,(i5:). 

TEXAS,  province  of  Mexico,  in  the  former 
Provincias  Internas,  bounded  SVV.  by  the  Rio 
Grande  del  Norle,  on  the  NE.  by  the  United 
States,  from  the  sources  of  Rio  Grande,  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Sabine,  and  SE.  by  tlie  Gulf  of 
Mexico. 

TEZCUCO,  city  of  Mexico,  in  the  inten- 
dency of  Mexico,  formerly  remarkable  for  its 
extensive  cotton  factories,  which,  from  the 
rivalry  of  (iner(;tiira,  have  greatly  declined. 
It  stands  on  the  E.  side  of  Lake  Tezcuco,  20 
in.  NE.  from  Mexico.  Lon.  from  W.  21°  51' 
W. ;  lat.  l!»o  30'  N.    Pop.  6,200. 

THAMES,  r.  U.C.  rises  in  Uie  Chipi»cwa 
country,  and  running  SW.  washes  the  cos.  of 
York,  Norfolk,  Sullljk,  and  Kent,  and  empties 
into  Lake  St.  Clair,  above  Detroit ;  it  is  a  river 
of  considerable  extent,  witliout  falls.  A  com- 
munication is  continued,  by  means  of  small 
(Kjrtagcs,  between  its  upper  branches  and  Lake 
Huron,  and  the  Grand  river. 

THAMES,  r.  Ct.  is  formed  by  the  Shetucket 
and  Yantic,  at  Norwich,  and  flows  S.  into  Long 
Island  Sound,  2  m.  below  New  London.  It  is 
navigable  through  its  whole  course. 

THATCHER'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  on  the 
coast  of  Mass.  about  1  m.  E.  from  Cape  Ann. 
THERESA,  V.  Jeflbrson  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black 
river  branch  of  OBWcgatchic,  on  the  road  from 


th( 


the 
nei 
thr 
no< 


TTTE-TIP 


110 


^.  h'kIo  of 
JIM  Knox- 
Hid  BU)re8 

lOin.NVV. 

[.IMIJin. 
II  C!oucuril. 

).  MaftB.  i27 
'NW.from 

Sec   l)ll}ro 

Liiins  in  tlic 
rivovH  'leu. 

,  Mobile.  It 
iloddcrt,  and 
•:.  of  till!  VV. 
I  wider  Uiaii 

a  few  milcB 

nih  tlujOuii- 

ulioolii. 

;o.  AJabainu, 

ntcnduncy  of 
the  city  of 

n  CO.  Iiidiuna, 
,  Harrison, 
(iirg  CO.  Vii. 
^lissouri  fiver, 

[  CO.  Mann.  S. 
ironi  Andover, 

Ion    CO.  N.  J. 

in  the  former 
W.  by  the  Uio 

by  the  United 
Grande,  to  the 
jy  tlic  Gulf  of 

in  the  intcn- 
larkablc  for  its 
.ieh,  from  tlic 
catly  declined, 
kc  Tczcuco,  20 
■om  W.  21°  31' 
0. 

the  Chip|)cwa 
jjics  the  cos.  of 
nt,  and  empties 
oit ;  it  is  a  river 
.falls.  Acom- 
mcans  of  small 
nchcs  and  Lake 

)y  the  Shetucket 
iwsS.  into  Long 
London.  It  is 
)ur8e. 

small  isl.  on  the 
from  Cape  Ann. 
B.  N.  Y.  on  Black 
on  the  road  from 


SuckrfH  fftirbor  to  OirrI.iis!iiir(r,  Vt  m.  NK.iPirry  cd.  nliin,  S.'i  m    !i  lilll.'  S.  of  K.  iVom 


from  the  (brmcr,  and  10  SW.  from  the  latter 
plaee, 

TIFKSSALON,  r.  V.C.  run?  into  lake  Hu- 
ron, a  little  to  the  euntward  of  Muddy  Lake, 
on  the  N.  nhore. 

THi:'I'F(  M{l),  V.  ( )ran)xc  co.  Vt.  on  dmnvv.- 
tieut  river,  lii  in.  N.  from  Dartmouth  in  N.  II. 

Top.  a,i.>^:<. 

TIUMUr.R  ISLANDS,  Hinall  iHlnmlfl  near 
the  coast  of  ( 'omieeticut.  Lon.  1'2 '  ti'  VV. ; 
lat.  11^  ll'N. 

THIiri'Y  MILK,  or  Dead  River,  r.  Maine, 
joins  th('  Andro^TO!fI^in,  iti  I,iveriiiore. 

THOMAS'S  (  K  Kl'Mv,  r.  S.G.  runs  into  the 
Great  I'edee. 

THOMAS,  St.  (me  of  the  Viri,'in  Islands,  in 
the  VVcHt  Indies,  with  a  liailK)r,  a  town,  and  a 
fort,  15   m,  in  cireumfl'renee 
the  Danes.     I.oii.  (!  1  '  CA'  \V. 


( 'oluiiiliiis. 

Tllinn:  CRMKK  1{UN,  r.  Va.  runs  iiilo 

the  Ndttiiway. 

TIIRKi:  Ill'NS,  /xwfr,  v.   narnwell  dis 
triet,  S.{\ 

THIM:K  SISTKKS,  three  small  islands, on 
W.  side  of  ChesaiKJuko  Iluy,  N.  of  rurker'B 
Island. 

THI'NDr.R  HAY, !)  ni.  broad,  at  the  NW. 
corner  of  Lake  Huron,  in  N.  America.  It 
rereives  this  mime  I'miii  tlu;  HU|)posc(l  contin- 
ual lliunder  that  is  hcnrd  there. 

'I'U'KrAII,  r.  rises  in  ^Mississippi,  enters 
T.ouisiana,  iiml  tlows  into  L;ike  .Manrepas,  t 
m.  NI).  ot"  th<'  inonlli  of  the  Ainitc. 

Tl("0.\l)i;i{<Hi\,  f.    Kssex    eo.    N.  Y.  on 

W.  side  of  the  S.  enil  of  liiike  ( 'liiimplaiti,  aiirl 

and  helonjTH  toint  the  N.  eii<l  of  Lake  (Jeorj^e,  I'J  in.  S.  from 

lat.  IH^  t>r  N.jCrown  i'oint, !».'')  N.  from  Albany.    Pop.  l,!)!)ti. 


THOMASTOVVN,  t.  fiiiieolu  en.  Me.  on  10.  A  viiliiable  mine  of  iron  ore   is  Ibmid   in  this 


sifle  of  the  river  St.  (ieorfje,  iiiid  on  VV.  side  of 
Penobscot  i!ay,  7  in.  S.  from  Ciimden,  7  I'l.  1 
from  Warren,  .'17  I),  from  Wiseasset,  ll)(»  NK. 
from  lloston.  Po]).  I,'.''2J.  It  is  a  llourishinp 
town,  and  contains  2  elmrehes,  I  for  ('oiifjre- 
tjationalisls,  and  I  for  IJuittists.  Tht;  river  is 
navijjable  to  this  town,  tJir  vessds  of  2(10  Ions. 
Great  quantities  of  linu;  arc^  burnt  here,  and 
cxiiorted.  Nearly  all  lii<!  lime  exiMjrtud  ti-om 
Maine  is  Hhipped  at  this  |K>rt, 

THOMPSON,  t.  Windham  co.  Ct.  in  NE. 
corner  of  the  state,  K!  in.  ENE.  from  Hart- 
ford, fll  SW,  trom  Boston.     Pop,  ;),:iM8. 

THOMPSON,  t  Sullivan  co.  N.Y.  38  m, 
VV,  from  Newburfrh.  Pop.  2,l.';!).  It  is  wa- 
tered by  the  NeviTsink,  and  eontains  the  vil- 
lafjes  of  Thompson,  Montieello,  and  Uridufe- 
ville.  The  county  buildings  arc  at  INIonti- 
cello, 

THOMPSON,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  VV. 
from  Scioto  river.    Pop.  .124. 

THOMPSON,  om  of  the  eastern  towns  of 
Geanga  co.  ( )hio.    Pop.  7.37. 

THOMPSON'S  ('|{I':EK,  r.  N.  America, 
runs  into  the  Missouri,  IIH  ni.  below  the  (ireat 
Ealls. 

THOMPSON'S  CREEK,  r.  S.  C.  runs  SE. 
into  the  Great  Pcdce,  below  Chatham. 

THOMPSON'S  CREEK,  r.  Mississippi, 
runs  into  the  Mississip[)i,  lat.  30°  5!)'  N. 

THOMPSONSVILLE,  v.  Culpcper  co.  Va. 
90  m.  SW.  from  W. 

THOMPSONVILLE,  v,  Chesterfield  dis- 
trict, S,  C.  57  m.  NE.  from  Columbia. 
THORNDIKE,  t  Waldo  co.  Me.  Pop.  G53. 
THORNSBURG,  t,  Spotsylvania  co.  Va.  on 
the  Mattapony,  18  m.  S.  from  Frcdcrieksburfr, 
THORNTON,  L  Grafton  co.  N,  H,  11  m. 
N.  from  Plyinoutli,  54  N.  from  Concord,    Pop. 
1,049. 
THORNTON'S  GAP,  v.  Culpcper  co.  Va. 
THORNTON'S  RIVER,  SW.  branch  of 
the  Rappahannock,  rising  in  the  Blue  Ridge 
near  Thornton's  Gap,  and  flowing  nearly  E. 
tbrouf  h  Culpcper  co.  Va.  into  the  Rappahan- 
nock, 
THORNVILLE,  v.  in  tlie  NW.  angle  of 


township.  Tieondernjra  I'ort,  llimous  in  tlio 
history  of  American  wars,  is  siluuted  on  an 
eminenco  in  this  township,  on  W.  shore  of 
Lake  ("hamplain,  just  north  of  the  entran(!e  of 
the  outlet  from  Lake  (k-orge  into  f.aket'ham- 
plnin,  15  m.  S.  from  Crown  Point,  ^1  N.  from 
Whitehall.     It  is  now  in  ruins. 

TIFFIN,  t.  Adams  eo.  Ohio.     Poji.  1,.''.70. 

TKJER'S  VAI-LKY,  v.  Harrison  co.  Ohio, 
IG  m.  Irom  Clarksburg. 

TILtJHMAN'S  ISLAND,  in  the  Cliesa- 
pcake,  Md.  at  the  mouth  of  the  Choptank,  con- 
taining alKiiit  1,720  acres. 

'i'lMBALlER,  bay  at  the  mouth  of  Ln- 
fourche,  in  Louisiaiiii.  'i'his  bay  is  about  30 
III.  in  length,  and  from  3  to  H  wide,  'i'lie  ad- 
jacent island  and  shores  arc  low  grassy  or 
saiidv  flats. 

TiNKJCR'S  CREEF\,  r.Ohio,  runs  into  the 
Cuyahoga,  12  m.  above  Cleveland, 

TINKER'S  ISLAND,  one  of  the  Eliza- 
licth  Islniids,  near  the  coast  of  Massachusetts, 
3  111.  long,  li  broad. 

TINLEYSVILLE,  v.  Goochland  co.  Va. 
•15  m.  WNVV.  from  Richmond. 

TINMOUTH,  t.  Rutland  eo.  Vt.  watered  by 
the  Otter  creek,  10  m.  S,  from  Rutland,  40  m, 
W.  from  Windsor.     Pop.  1,04;). 

TIOtJA,  r.  rises  in  Pennsylvania,  runs  N. 
enters  New  York,  turns  to  the  E.  and  joins  the 
Siisfiuchaniiah  in  Pa.  3  m.  S.  of  N.  Y.  line. 
It  is  navigable  lor  boats  50  m. 

TIOGA,  CO.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Tomp- 
kins CO.  E.  by  Broome  co.  S.  by  Pennsylvania, 
and  W.  by  Steuben  co.  Pop.  27,704,  Chief 
towns,  Elinira  and  Owego, 

TIOGA,  CO.  N.  side  of  Pa.  Iwunded  N.  by 
New  York,  E,  by  Ontario  co.  S.  by  Lycoming 
CO.  and  W.  by  Potter  co.  Pop.  9,062.  Chief 
town,  Wellsborongh. 

TIPPECANOE,  r.  In,  joins  the  Wabash, 
about  420  m.  from  its  mouth.  Length  about 
170  m.  It  is  rendered  famous  for  a  battle  be- 
tween the  Americans  and  Indians,  in  Novem- 
ber, 1811. 

TIPTON,  CO.  Ten.  Pop.  5,317.  Chief  town, 
Covington, 


420 


TIP— TRA 


i: 


I 


i 


TIPTON,  C.  H.  and  t.  Tipton  co.  Ten,  240 
m.  from  Murfreesborough. 

TISBURY,  t.  Duke's  co.  Mobs,  on  N.  side 
of  Mirtha's  Vineyard,  8  m.  VV.  from  Edgars- 
town,  85  S.  from  Boston.  Pop.  including  the 
Eli/alK-th  Islands,  1,318. 

TIVERTON,  t.  Newport  co.  R.  I.  8  m. 
NNE.  from  Newport,  .54  S.  from  Boston,  Pop. 
2,905.  It  is  on  tlic  main  land,  opixisitc  to 
Portsrnoutli,  with  wlncli  it  is  connected  by  a 
bridge. 

TOBAGO,  the  most  southward  of  the  isl- 
ands  of  the  West  Indies,  and  tlic  most  east- 
ward, except  Barbadocs.  It  is  32  m.  long,  and 
9  broad;  120  m.  S.  of  Barbadoes.  Lon.  59° 
W.;  lat.  ll°10'N. 

TOBAGO  LITTLE,  island  near  the  NE. 
extremity  of  Tobago,  in  the  Wesi  Indies,  2  m. 
long,  and  1  broad. 

TOBY'S  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  runs  into  the  Al- 
leghany,  20  m.  below  Franklin.  It  is  about 
55  m.  long,  and  is  navigable  for  bateaux 
through  a  great  part  of  its  course.  It  is  con- 
nected with  the  western  branch  of  the  Susque- 
hannah  by  a  short  portage. 

TOCKOA  FALLS,  Franklin  co.  Geo.  It 
is  in  a  branch  of  the  Tugaloo  river.  The  fall 
near  200  feet. 

TODD,  CO.  Ken,  bounded  by  Robertson 
CO.  Ten,  S.  Christian  W.  Muhlcnburg  N.  and 
IjOgan  E.  Length  30  m,  mean  width  15, 
Chief  town,  Elkton.  Pop.  in  1820,  5,089  ;  in 
1830  8  801 

TODD'S  FORK,  r.  Ohio,  joins  the  Little 
Miami,  5  m.  above  Decrfield. 

TO-^^OSOHATCHIE  CREEK,  branch  of 
the  Oakmulgee  river,  in  Georgia. 

TOLLAND,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  20  m. 
WSW.  from  Springfield,  110  WSW.  from 
Boston.    Pop,  724, 

TOLLAND,  co,  Ct,  bounded  N.  by  Massa- 
chusetts,  E,  and  SE,  by  Windham  co.  SW,  by 
Middlesex  co.  and  W.  by  Hartford  co.  Pop. 
18,700.    Chief  town,  Tolland. 

TOLLAND,  t.  and  cap,  Tolland  co,  Ct,  17 
m.  NE,  from  Hartford,  83  WSW,  from  Boston, 
352  from  W,  Pop.  1,61)8.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, a  jail,  an  academy,  and  a  Congregation- 
al meeting-house, 

TOMBIGBEE,  r,  Alabama,  rises  within  a 
few  miles  of  the  Muscle  Shoals,  flows  souther- 
ly near  the  line  between  tiic  states  of  Missis, 
sippi  and  Alabama,  joins  the  Alabama  45  m, 
above  the  head  of  Mobile  Bay,  and  75  above 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  to  form  tlie  river  Mobile, 
It  is  navigable  for  large  vessels  to  Fort  Stod- 
dert,  44  m,  and  at  some  seasons  to  St.  Stephens, 
It  is  about  450  m.  long,  and  navigable  for 
boats  the  greater  part  of  its  course, 

TOMBSTONE,  v.  BcrUe  co.  N.  C.  291  m. 
from  W. 

TOMHANNOCK,  v.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y. 
19  m.  from  Albany. 

TOMPKINS,  CO.  N.  Y.  from  a  part  of  the 
COS.  of  Seneca  and  Cayuga,  liounded  N.  by 
Seneca  and  Cayuga  cos.  E,  by  Cortlandt  co, 
S,  by  Tioga  co.  and  W.  by  Seneca  Lake.  Chief 
town,  Ithaca.    Pop.  36,54.5. 

TOMPKINS,  t,  Del.  co.  N.  Y.  on  the    Del- 


aware, 27  m.  SW.  from  Delhi,  100  SW.  from 
Albany.     Pop.  1,774. 

TOMPKIN'S  HILL,  on  Staten  Island,  in 
N.  Y,  307  feet  high. 

TOM'S  (^REEK,  r,  N,  J,  runs  between  Do- 
vcr  and  Shrewsbury. 

TONGUE,  r.  N.  America,  runs  N.  into  the 
Yellow-stone. 

TONNEWANTA,  r.  N,  Y,  runs  into  the 
Niagara,  opposite  Grand  Isle,  10  m,  N,  from 
Black  Rock,  Length  90  m.  It  is  navigable 
for  boats  30  m, 

TOPSFIELD,  t,  Essex  co.  Mass,  8  m,  TJNW, 
from  Salem,  20  NE,  from  Boston,    Pop,  1,011. 

TOPSHAM,  t.  Orange  co,  Vt.  12  ni.  W, 
from  Newbury,  25  ENE,  from  Montpclier, 
Pop,  1,384. 

TOPSHAM,  t  Lincoln  co.  Me,  on  N,  side 
of  the  Androscoggin,  opposite  Brunswick,  19 
m,  W,  from  Wiscassct,  140  NE,  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,564.  It  is  a  considerable  town.  Mag- 
netic oxide  of  iron  and  crystallized  quartz  are 
found  here. 

TORRINGFORD,  v.  Litchfield  co.  Ct. 

TORRINGTON,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  7  m, 
N,  from  Litchfield,  339  from  W.    Pop,  1,G54, 

TORTOLA,  principal  of  the  Virgin  Islands, 
in  the  West  Indies,  18  m,  long,  and  7  broad. 
In  this  island  almost  all  the  trade  is  carried 
on ;  it  is  near  5  m,  long,  and  2  broad,  but  badly 
watered,  and  reckoned  uniieallhy.  They  cul- 
tivate cotton  here,  which  is  much  esteemed  by 
the  manufacturers,  likewise  rum  and  sugnr; 
it  has  of  late  years  uiidcrgouc  great  improve- 
ments. The  entrance  into  tlie  harbor  is  at  (lie 
E,  end  of  the  island,  Lon,  63^  W, ;  lat,  18=" 
33' N, 

TORTUE,  r,  N,  America,  runs  into  the 
Wabash,     Lon,  87=  55'  W, ;  lat,  3!)°  30'  N. 

TORTUES,  r.  La,  runs  into  the  Missouri, 
Lon,  94=  24'  W. ;  lat,  38=  2G'  N, 

TORTUGA,  isl,  of  the  West  Indies,  near 
tlie  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Hispaniola,  It 
is  about  80  m,  in  circumference,  and  has  a 
safe  harbor,  but  difficult  of  access,  Lon,  75° 
10' W,;  lilt,  20°  10' N, 

TOSQUIATOSSY  CREEK,  one  of  the 
iiend  branches  of  the  Alleghany  river, 

TOWAHNAHIOOKS,  r,  N,  America,  runs 
NW,  into  the  Columbia,  275  miles  from  its 
iiioutii, 

TOWAMENSING,  v,  Northampton  co,Pa, 
on  the  Lehi;rli,  7  m,  from  Berlinsvillo, 

TOWANDA,  t,  and  cap,  Bradford  co.  Pa, 
on  the  W,  bank  of  the  N,  branch  of  Susquehan- 
nah  river.  The  borough  is  called  Mcansville 
on  all  the  maps.  The  township  of  Towanda 
contains  986  inhabitants. 

TOWER  HILL,  name  of  a  hill  and  village 
in  S.  Kingston,  R.  I. 

TOWNSEND,  t.  Middlesex  eo.  Mass.  44 
m.  NW.  from  Boston,  480  from  W.  Pop.  1,506, 

TOWNSEND,  t,  Huron  co.  Ohio,  Pop,  202, 

TOWNSEND,  t  Sandusky  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
196. 

TOWNSHEND,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt  40  m. 
SSW.  from  Windsor,    Pop,  1,386, 

TRACY'S  LANDING,  v.  Ann-Arundel  co. 
Md. 


TRA— TRO 


431 


W.  from 

sland,  in 

vecn  Do- 

.  into  the 

into  the 

N.  from 

navigable 

m.NNW. 
■op.  1,011. 
2  ni.  W. 
[ontpclicr. 

m  N.  side 
iswick,  19 
an  Boston. 
m.  Mag- 
quartz  are 

30.  Ct. 

0.  Ct.  7  m. 
Pop.  1,G54. 
Tin  Islands, 
nd  7  broad. 

is  carried 
i,  but  badly 

They  cul- 
istcemcd  by 
and  sugar; 
at  iinprovc- 
uor  is  at  the 
V. ;  lat.  18° 

into  the 

)o  30'  N.  _ 
Missouri. 

ndics,  near 

piiniola.    It 

and  has  a 

Lon.  75° 

one  of  tho 
iver. 

mcrica,  runs 
les  from  its 

ipton  CO.  Pa. 

•ille. 

librd  CO.  Pa. 
Susquchan- 
I  Mcansville 

of  Towanda 

[  and  village 

0.  Mass.  44 

.  Pop.  1,506. 

io.  Pop.  202. 

Ohio.    Pop. 

CO.  Vt  40  m. 

Arundel  co. 


TRANSYLVANIA,  v.  Jcfl'erson  co.  Ken. 
on  (Mmo  river,  on  the  point  alwvc  tho  mouth 
of  Harod's  creek,  8  m.  above  I/)uisville. 

TRAP,  V.  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  27  m.  NW. 
from  Philadelpiiia. 

TRAP,  V.  Frederick  co.  Md.  7  m.  SW.  from 
Frederick  stown. 

TRAPPE,  t.  Talbot  co.  J\Id.  6  m,  ESE.  from 
Oxford. 

TRAVELLER'S  REPOSE,  v.  Greenbrier 
CO.  Va. 

TRAVELLERS  REST,  v.  Greenville  dis- 
trict, S.  C. 

TRAVERSE  BAY,  bay  on  E.  side  of  Lake 
Michigun.     I^n.  85=  W. ;  lat.  4  P  4.'J'  N. 

TRAVERSE  ISLANDS,  chain  of  islands 
at  E.  end  of  Noquet's  Bay,  in  Lake  Michigan, 
on  one  of  the  largest  of  which  is  a  town  of  Ot- 
toway  Indians. 

TREADHAVEN,  r.  Md.  passes  by  Easton, 
flows  SW.  and  runs  into  the  Choptank,  E.  of 
Benoni's  Point. 

TREMAIN,  V.  in  Ulysses,  N.  Y.  11  m.  NW. 
from  Itliaca. 

TRENCHE'S  ISLAND,  or  Hilton  Head, 
isl.  near  the  coast  of  S.  Carolina,  25  m.  long. 
Lon.  80°  f)8'  W.;  lat.  32=  13'  N. 

TRENT,  r.  N.  C.  runs  into  the  Neuse,  at 
Newbern. 

TRENTON,  t  Hancock  co.  Me.  at  the 
month  of  the  Union  river,  30  m.  NE.  from 
Castinc,  275  NE.  from  Boston.     Pop.  7!»5. 

TRENTON,  t.  Oneida  eo.  N.  Y.  12  m.  N. 
from  Uticn,  406  from  W.     Pop.  3,221. 

TRENTON,  the  ineU-oi)olis  of  N.  J.  in 
Hunterdon  co.  on  E.  bank  of  the  Delaware, 
opposite  the  falls,  10  m.  SW.  from  Prinicton, 
2()  SW.  from  Now  Brunswick,  30  NE.  frojii 
Philadelphia,  60  SW.  from  N.  Y.  166  from  ^V. 
Lon.  75=>  48'  W. ;  lat.  40=  13'  N.  Pop.  3,!.2.). 
It  is  a  handsome  and  flourisliing  town,  plciis- 
antly  situated,  and  incorporated  w-itli  eity 
privileges.  It  contains  a  handsome  state-house, 
a  jail,  a  bank,  an  academy,  atid  several  exten 
sive  cotton  manufactories.  In  the  town,  and 
Lambcrton,  which  joins  it  on  the  S.  there  ore 
6  churches.  Many  of  the  buildings  are  very 
spacious  in  size,  and  of  splendid  workmanship. 
The  river  is  navigable  as  fiir  as  here  for  k]oo|)s. 
Above  the  falls,  it  is  navigated  by  boats  car- 
rying from  20  to  25  tons.  At  the  foot  of  the 
falls  there  is  an  elegant  covered  bridge  across 
the  river. 

TRENTON,  t.  and  cap.  Jones  co.  N.  C.  on 
the  Trent,  20  m.  W.  from  Newbern,  81  NNE. 
from  Wilmington,  357  from  W.  It  contains 
a  court-house  and  a  jail. 

TRENTON,  Nein,  t.  Franklin  co.  In. 

TRENTON,  V.  Todd  eo.  Ken,'  209  m.  SW. 
from  Frankfort.     Pop.  178. 

TRENTON,  V.  Butler  ca  Ohio.  98  m.  SW. 
by  W.  from  Columbus. 

TRENTON  FALI-S,  in  the  West  Canada 
creek,  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
village  of  Trenton.  The  creek,  which  is  alx)ut 
40  yards  in  width,  has  several  beautiful  cas- 
cades within  the  distance  of  half  a  mile.  Tiie 
greatest  is  about  46  feet  perjxsndicuiar,  and  the 


posing  character.  Visitors  resort  here  in  great 
numbers,  and  tourists  from  the  soutJi  com 
monly  take  these  falls  in  their  route. 

'PRIADELPIHA,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Md. 
TRIANA,  v.  Madison  co.  Al.  on  Tennessco 
river,  at  the  mouth  of  Indian  Creek,  18  m. 
SW.  from  Huntsville. 

TRIGG,  ea  Ken.  bounded  by  Tennessee 
SE.  Tennessee  river  SW.  liivingston  co.  NW. 
and  Caldwell  and  Christian  NIO.  Length  45 
m.  mean  width  10.  Cuml)erland  river  runs 
through  this  co.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,874 ;  in  1830, 
.5,88'l.    Chief  town,  Cadiz. 

TRINITY,  r.  Texas,  has  a  soutlirrly  course 
of  about  300  m.  and  flows  into  the  bay  of  Gal- 
veston. 

TROIS  RIVIERES,  t.  of  U.  C.  on  the  r. 
St.  lyfiwrenee,  35  ni.  SW.  of  Quebec. 

TROUPSBURG,  t.  in  the  SW.  angle  of  Stcu- 
ben  CO.  N.  Y.  30  m.  SE.  from  Angelica,  35  m. 
SSW.  from  Bath,  and  305  SW.  by  W.  from 
Albany.    Pop.  666. 

TRbUPSVILLE,  v.  Sodus,  N.  York,  30  m. 
NE.  from  Canandaigua,  212  W.  from  Albany. 
It  is  eligibly  situated  on  Great  Sodus  Bay,  and 
is  a  place  of  some  trade. 

TROUT  RUN,  branch  of  Lycoming  creek. 
Pa.  15  m.  N.  from  Williamsport,  and  117  m.  a 
little  W.  of  N.  from  Harrisburg. 

TROY,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  60  m.  N.  from 
Montpclicr.     Pop.  608. 

TROY,  Bristol  co.  Mass.  on  E.  side  of  Taun- 
ton  river,  16  m.  S.  from  Taunton  48  S.  from 
Boston.    Pop.  4,159. 

TROY,  city  and  cap.  Rensselaer  co.  N.  Y. 
on  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson,  3  n).  S.  from  Lan- 
siuirhurg,  6  N.  fi-om  Albany,  166  N.  from  N.  Y. 
.•{S3  from  W.  Pop.  in  1820,  5,290;  in  1830, 
]1,!().5.  It  is  finely  situated,  and  is  a  well- 
Ijuiit  and  flourishing  town.  It  contains  a 
courf-liouse,  a  jail,  a  market-house,  3  hanks,  a 
pnlilie  library,  a  Lnneasterian  school,  and  6 
1  ion  Hcs  of  pu  bli  c  worsl  I  i  p,  for  Prcsby  tcrians,Epis. 
copalinns,  Baptists,  Methodists,  and  Friends. 
Troy  is  fiivorably  situated  for  a  great  manu- 
facturing town.  In  point  of  wealth  and  trade, 
it  ranks  the  fourth  foWn  in  New  York.  The 
Hudson  is  navigable  for  sloops  to  tliis  place. 
The  state  of  Massachusetts  has  surveyed  a 
canal  route  to  this  place.  A  rail-road  over  the 
same  route  has  also  been  in  contemplation. 
The  Van  Rensselaer  school  in  this  city  has  ac- 
quired a  high  reputation.  The  students  deliver 
nnitual  lectures,  and  make  extensive  excur- 
sions, with  a  view  to  ])ersonal  inspection  of  the 
objects  of  their  studies  in  the  natural  sciences, 
Any  person  over  18,  certifying  that  his  acqui- 
sitions are  of  a  certain  extent,  and  that  he  is 
of  good  moral  character,  can  obtain  a  gratui- 
tous education.  An  academy  for  young  ladies, 
conducted  by  Mrs.  Willard,  has  also  obtained 
great  rc))utation,  and  has  more  than  200  pupils. 
In  the  vicinity  arc  many  fine  mill-seats.  On 
Pocsten's  Kill,  which  flows  into  the  Hudson  at 
tho  lower  end  of  the  city,  there  are  several 
flour-mills,  an  oil-mill,  and  a  distillery ;  and  on 
Wynant's  Kill,  which  runs  into  the  Hudson  2 
in.  lower  down,  there  arc  also  several  flour-mills. 


scenery  around  is  of  the  most  sublime  and  im-  a  paper-mill,  2  cotton  manufactories,  1  woollen 


422 


TRO— TWI 


manufactory,  a  gun  manufactory,  a  shovel 
manufactory,  and  ii  nail  manufactories.  Tlirsc 
streams  aftbrd  some  of  the  finest  mill-seuts  in 
the  country. 

TROY,  V.  and  seat  of  justice,  Obion  co. 
Ton.  147  m.  NVV.  by  W.  from  Murfrecsbo- 
rough,  8G3  from  VV. 

TROY,  V.  Atficns  co.  Ohio,  on  the  Ohio,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Hocking,  25  miles  below 
Marietta. 

TROY,  t.  and  cap.  Miami  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Great  Miami,  21  m.  N.  from  Dayton,  G6  W. 
from  Columbus,  72  N.  from  (Cincinnati,  474 
fromW.    Pop.  504. 

TROY,  t.  Delaware  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  3fi8. 
TROY,  t.  TJichland  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1)87. 
TROY,  t.  Perry  co.  In.  on  the  Ohio,  about 
55  m.  \VS\V.  from  Corydon. 

TRUMANSnU[{<},  V.  Soncca  co.  N.Y, 
TRUMBULL,  t.  Fairfield  co.(^t.  G  m.  NW. 
from  Stratford,  17  W.  from  New  Haven.   Pop. 
1,238. 

TRUMBULL,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  by  Mercer 
CO.  Pa.  E.  Columbiana  S.  Portage  and  Geauga 
W.  and  N.  by  Ashtabula.  Length  3.)  m.  mean 
w;dt]i2r).  Chief  town,  Warren.  Pop.  in  1820, 
15,546;  in  1830,  26,154. 

TRURO,  t.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  40  m.  NE. 
from  Barnstable,  107  SE.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,549.  It  extends  across  the  peninnida  of  Cape 
Cod,  and  lies  between  Provincetown  and  Well- 
fleet. 

TRURO,  f  Franklin  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  G88. 
TRUXTON,  t.  Cortlandt  co.  N.Y.  14  m. 
NE.  from  Homer,  142  W.  from  Albany.   Pop. 
3  888 

'  TRYON  MOUNTAINS,  mts.  N.  C,  W.  of 
Salisbury,  bordering  on  Tennessee. 

TUCKER'S  ISLAND,  small  isl.  near  the 
coast  of  S.  C.   Lon.  SiP  IG'  W. ;  lat.  32=  3G'  N. 
TUCKEI{SVir,LE,  v.  Wayne  co.  (ico. 
TUClvERSVILLE,  v.  Crawford  eo.  In.  126 
m.  a  httle  W.  of  S.  from  Indianaiwlis. 

TUCKERTON,  v.  Burlington  eo.  N.  J.  near 
S.  end  of  Little  Eggliarbor  llay. 

TUFTONBOROU(;H,t.  Strafford  co.  N.H, 
on  E.  side  of  Lake  Winnipiscogee,  50  in.  NNE 
from  {'oncord,  53  NNVV.  from  Portsmouth. 
Pop.  1,375. 

TUGELOO,  r.  Geo.  one  of  the  branches  of 
the  river  Savjinnali,  joins  tlio  Keowee  48  m. 
NW.  from  Petersburg. 

TULLIS  CREEK,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the  Po- 
tomac, lon.  780  2'  w. ;  lat.  39°  33'  N. 

TULLY,  t.  Onondaga  co.  N.  Y.  14  m.  S. 
from  Onondaga,  50  SVV.  from  Utica.  Pop. 
1,640. 

TULLYTOWN,  v.  Greenville  district,  S,  C. 
98  m.  NW.  from  Columbus. 

TULPEHOCKEN,  r.  Pa.  runs  E.  into  the 
Schuylkill,  just  above  Reading.  It  rises  near 
the  sources  of  theQuitipahilla,  a  branch  of  the 
Swatara. 

TUNBRIDGE,  t  Orange  co.  Vt  32  m.  S. 
from  Montpelier.    Pop.  1,1)20. 

TUNKHANNOCK  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  runs 
SW.  into  tlie  E.  branch  of  the  Susquehitimoli, 
about  35  m.  above  Wilkcsbarre. 

TUNKHANNOCK,  v.  Luzerne  co.  Pa. 


TURIN,  t.  Lewis  co.  N.  Y.  on  Black  river, 
20  m.  N.  from  Rome,  113  NW.  from  Aibany. 
Pop.  1,5(;L 

TURKEY  CREEK,  r.  S.C.  runs  into  Reedy 
river. 
TURKEY  FOOT,  v.  Somerset  co.  Pa. 
TURKEY  HILL,  t.  St.  Clair  co.  II. 
TURKEY  POINT,  cape  on  the  coast  of 
Md.  at  the  mouth  of  the  Susquehannali,  where 
it  takes  the  name  of  Chesapeake,  16  m.  S.  from 
Elkton.    Here  the  British  army  landed  in  Au- 
gust, 1777,  as  they  were  advancing  to  Philu- 
dclpliia. 

T[H{NER,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  on  the  An- 
droscoggin, 18  m.  ENE.  from  Paris,  155  NNE. 
from  Boston.     Pop.  2,218. 

TURNERSVILLE,  v.  Robertson  co.  Ten. 
72  m.  NW.  from  Murfrecsborough. 
TURNPIKE,  V.  Greenville  co.  S.C. 
TURTIiE  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  runs  into  the 
Monongahela,  in  Alleghany  co.  At  the  head 
of  tliis  creek  Gen.  Braddock  was  killed,  in 
1755. 

TURTLE  CREEK,  t.  Warren  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  4,143.       . 

TURTLE  CREEK,  t.  Shelby  co.  Ohio,  con- 
taining tlic  village  of  Sydney.     Pop.  21)6. 

TUIiTLE  INLET,  channel  between  two 
small  islands  on  the  coa.st  of  N.J.  Lon.  74^ 
47' W.;  lat.  31)0  2' N. 

TURTIiE  RIVER,  r.  (Jeo.  runs  into  the 
sea,  lon.  7F  40'  W.;  lat.  31°  12'  N. 

TUSCALOOSA,  co.  Al.  bounded  S.  by  Perry 
and  Greene,  W.  by  Pickins,  N.  by  .Fefiersoii, 
and  E.  by  Shelby  and  Bibb.  Length  40  ni. 
mean  width  30.  Tuscaloosa  river  crosses  this 
CO.  from  N.  toS.  ('liief  town,  Tuscaloosa.  Pop. 
in  1820,  8,22!) ;  in  1830,  1.3,G1G. 

TUSCALOOSA,  v.  and  serit  of  justice,  Tus- 
caloosa CO.  Al.  and  also  seat  of  govcrniiicnt  in 
tint  state,  is  situated  on  the  bank  of  Tiis(!n- 
loosa  river,  about  GO  m.  above  its  montii,  120 
SSVV.  from  Iluntsville,  and  200  a  little  E.  of 
N.  from  Mobile. 

TUSCARAWAS,  name  frequently  applied 
to  the  miun  branch  of  the  Muskingum,  above 
Coshocton. 

TUSCARAWAS,  co.  Ohio,  bounded  N.  by 
Stark,  E.  by  Harrison,  S.  by  Harrison  and 
(lucrnsey,  find  W.  by  (Coshocton  cos.  It  is  'ID 
m.  by  21)  in  extent.  Chief  town.  New  Phila- 
delphia. Pop.  in  1820,  8,328 ;  in  1830,  U,2W. 
TUSCARAWAS,  small  v.  on  the  W.  bank 
of  the  Tuscarawas  river,  and  in  tiie  co.  of  tlic 
same  name,  Ohio,  9  m.  southerly  from  New 
Philadelphia. 

TUSCARAWAS,  t.  Stark  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
1,524. 

TUSCARORA  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  runs  into 
the  Juniatta,  12  m.  SE.  from  Lewistown. 
TUSCARORA  VAI,LEY,  v.  Mifllin  co.  Pa. 
TUSCUMBIA,  V.  Franklin  co.  Al.  249  ni. 
NNW.  from  Cahawba. 

TWELVE  ISLES,  or  Twelve  AposUes, 
ishmds  on  the  S.  side  of  Lake  Superior. 

TWELVE  MILE  CREEK,  r.  S.  C.  runs 
into  the  Saluda. 

TWIGGS,  CO.  Geo.  bounded  W.  by  the  Oak- 
mulgee  river  or  Moruoe  co.  Jones  co.  NW 


SVV. 

bany. 
Susqt 

.  u^ 

ties  01 

Susqu 

UN 

NW. 


TWI— UNI 


423 


ck  river, 
Albany. 

itoRccdy 

).  Pa. 
11. 

•  coast  of 
lah,  wlu;rc 
m.  S.  from 
dcd  in  An- 
ir  to  Pliila- 

m  Iho  An- 
,155NNK. 


on  CO. 


Ten. 


S.C. 

ma  in^o  ^'"' 
At  tlie  head 
killed,  in 


19 


en  CO. 


Ohio. 


CO.  Ohio,  con- 
['op.  2"JB. 
between  two 
.J.    Lon.  7'P 

rnns  into  the 

J'N. 

led  S.hy  Terry 

[,  by  .leliersoii, 

.jcngth  '10  ni. 

rer  crosses  tliis 

caloosa.  Vo[^- 

if  justice,  Tiif- 
(rovernnu'.ut  iii 

,ank  of  'I'lis'"'- 
its  nroutli,  liilt 
a  little  E.  ol 

quently  applif'l 
jkinguni,  above 

bounded  N.  by 
y  Harrison  iinil 
on  cos.  It.is:"' 
wn,  New  Vhih- 
in  1830,  U;2W- 
on  the  W.  biuik 
in  the  CO.  of  tlio 
herly  from  New 

CO.  Ohio.    Top. 

,.  Pa.  runs  into 
Lcwistown. 
.V.Mifflin  CO.  Pa. 

|n  CO.  Al.  249  m. 

ii-welve   Apostles, 

e  Superior. 

GK,  r.  S.  C.  runs 

LdW.bytheOak- 
JoncB  CO.  NW 


Pa. 


Wilkinson  NE.  and  Pulaski  SR,  T-cnfrtli  27  m, 
mean  widtli  15.  Chief  town,  Marion.  Pop.  in 
1820,10,447;  in  1830,  8,029, 

TWIN,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio,    Pop.  1,228, 

TWIN,  t.  Ross  CO,  Ohio.    Pop,  1,893, 

TWIN,  t,  Darke  co.  Ohio,     Pop.  590, 

TWO  LICK  CREEK,  r.  Indiana  co 
runs  S.  into  the  Conemaufrh. 

TYBEE,  isl.  near  the  coast  of  Geo.  at  the 
moutli  of  the  Savannah.  A  light-house,  80  feet 
higii,  stands  on  this  island,  in  Ion.  81°  10'  W.; 
lat.  32^  N. 

TYE,  r,  Va,  runs  into  Jarncs  river, 

TYEMOCHTEE,  r.  Oliio,  runs  into  the 
Sandusky,  12  ni,  below  Upix.T  Sandusky, 

TYGART'S  VALLEY  RIVER,  r,  Va. 
flows  tiirough  Randolph  co.  and  unites  with 
Buchanan  river. 

TYGER,  r.  S.C.  runs  SE.  and  unites  with 
Broad  river,  5  ni.  uImivc  the  Enorce. 

TY(iEI{'S  CUEEK,  r.  La.  runs  into  the 
Missouri,  276  m.  W.  of  the  Mississippi. 

TYGEU'S  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  runs  into  the 
Ohio,  Ion.  83°  W.;  lat.  38=  22'  N. 

TYNGSBOROUGII,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass. 
on  W.  side  of  the  Merrimack,  and  NW.  side  of 
Chelmsford ;  28  m.  N  W.  from  Boston.  Large 
qi'.untities  of  beautitxil  stone  for  building,  are 
oL't;.'  ■•  .1  in  this  town  and  Chelmsford,  and  con- 
vryi  ;     "'  r  ♦he  Middlesex  canal  to  'Joston. 

«  '■  •  ,  S' » 'A,  r.  Pa.  runs  into  t!,o  Alleghany, 
loii,     .^..•'  W.;  lat.4P29'>T, 

T\  fi.i.NGHAM,  t,  Bcrkjiiirc  co.  Mass.  14 
m.  SSE.  from  Lenox,  11  j  W,  from  Boston, 
Pop.  1,351, 

T  Y IIREL,  CO.  E,  side  of  N,  C.  Pop,  4,732. 
Chief  town,  Columbia. 


U. 


ULSTER,  t.  Bradford  co.  Pa.  on  the  riglit 
side  of  the  Susquehannah  river,  above  Towan- 
da.    Pop.  383. 

ULSTER,  CO.  N,  Y,  Iwundcd  N,  by  Greene 
CO.  E.  by  the  Hudson,  S.  by  ( )range  co.  SVV. 
by  Sullivan  co;  and  NW.  by  Delaware  co. 
Pop.  in  1820,  30,934 ;  in  1830,  3G,551,  Chief 
town,  Kingston. 

ULYSSES,  t.  Tompkins  co.  N.  Y.  at  S. 
end  of  Lake  Cayuga,  14  m.  SE.  from  Ovid.  It 
contains  2  post-villages,  Ithaca  and  Trcmain. 
Pop.  3,130. 

UMBAGOG,  lake,  in  N,  Hampshire  and 
Maine,  It  is  18  m.  long,  and,  where  widest, 
10  broad,  Lat,  4.p  42'  N,  It  is  chiefly  in 
Maine  :  that  part  belonging  to  N,  Hampshire 
is  within  the  townships  of  Errol  and  Cam- 
bridge, 

UMBERSTON  CREEK,  r.  Virginia,  runs 
into  the  Potomac,  lat.  39°  35'  N. 

UNADILLA,  t.  OUego  co.  N.Y.  34  m. 
SVV.  from  Cooperstown,  100  WSW.  from  Al- 
bany. Pop,  2,313.  It  lies  on  W.  side  of  the 
Susquehannah,  and  on  E.  side  of  the  Unadilla, 

UNADILLA,  r.  N.  Y.  separates  the  coun- 
ties of  Otsego  and  Chenango,  and  runs  into  the 
Susquehannah,  Ion.  75°  58^  W, ;  lat,  42°  19'  N. 

UNDERBILL,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  34  ni. 
NW.  from  Montpclier.    Pop.  1,050. 


UNICORN,  t  Lancaster  co.  Pa,  59  ra.  W. 

from  Philadelphia, 

UNION,  r,  Maine,  runs  S,  into  Bluchill 
Bay, 

UNION,  t,  Lincob  co.  Mc.  29  m.  NE.  from 
Wiscasset,  190  NE.  from  Boston.    Pop.  1,612. 
UNION,  t.  Tolhmd  co.  Ct,  6  m,  E.  from 
Stafford,     Pop.  711, 

UNION,  t.  Broome  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Sus- 
quehannah, 6  m.  W,  from  Chenango  Point,  140 
W,  from  Catskill,    Pop.  2,122. 

UNION,  V.  in  Nassau,  N,Y,  11  m.  SE. 
from  Albany, 

UNION,  V,  in  Greenwich,  N,  34  m,  N.  from 
Albany,  It  contains  2  mceting-iiouses,  and 
an  academy. 

UNION,  V.  Bern,  N,  Y,  21  m,  N,  from 
Albany. 

UNION,  V,  Peru,  N,  Y,  150  m,  W,  from 
Albany. 

UNION,  or  Uniontown,  t.  bor.  and  cap. 
Fayette  co.  Pa.  on  the  Redstone,  300  m.  W. 
from  Philadelphia,  and  193  from  W.  Pop. 
2,433.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
bank,  an  academy,  a  printing-ollice,  2  or  3 
liouscs  of  public  worship,  and  in  tlie  town  and 
vicinity  arc  many  mills. 

UNION,  CO.  Pa.  bounded  by  Suscpielmnnah 
river  E.  Mifflin  S.  and  SVV.  CJentre  W.  and 
Lycoming  N.  Lengtii  2()  m.  mean  widtii  21, 
Chief  town,  New  Berlin.  Pop.  in  1820, 18,619 ; 
in  1830,  20,749, 

UNION,  v.  and  seat  of  justice.  Union  dis- 
trict, S.  C.  60  ni.  NN W.  from  Coluinl)ia, 

UNION,  CO.  Ohio,  bounded  by  Delaware  E, 
Madison  and  Champaign  S.  Logan  W.  and 
Hardin  and  Marion  N.  Length  27  m.  breadth 
17,  Soil  generally  fertile.  Chief  town,  Marys- 
ville,    Po]).  in  lb20, 1,!)9(; ;  in  1830,  3,192. 

UNION,  CO.  Ken.  bounded  by  Ohio  river  W. 
and  NW.  Henderson  co.  NE.  Hopkins  SE. 
and  Livingston  co.  SVV.  Length  30  m.  mean 
width  IG.  This  co.  lies  opjiosite  to  the  mouth 
of  Wabash  river.  Chief  town,  Morganfield. 
Pop.  in  1820,  3,470  ;  in  1830,  4,435. 

UNION,  CO.  II.  bounded  by  the  Mississippi 
river  W.  Jackson  and  Franklin  cos.  N,  and 
Johnson  E.  Length  24  m.  breadth  18.  Chief 
towns,  Hamburg  and  Jonesborough.  Pop.  in 
1820,2,.3G2;  in  1 830,  3,2.39, 

UNION,  district,  S.  C.  bounded  by  Broad 
river,  or  York,  Chester,  and  Fairfield  districts 
E.  Enoree  river,  or  Newberry  and  Laurens 
districts  SVV.  and  Spartanburg  W.  and  NW. 
Length  45  m.  mean  width  15,  Chief  town. 
Union. 

UNION,  t.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.   Pop.  1,370. 
UNION,  t.  Mifffln  co.  Pa.    Pop.  1,799, 
UNION,  t.  Loudon  co.  Va.  58  m.  from  W. 
UNION,  or  Shakerstown,  t.  Warren  co. 
Ohio,  4  m.  W.  from  Lebanon.    It  is  a  pleasant 
settlement  of  Shakers, 

UNION,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  851, 
UNION,  t.  Licking  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,439, 
UNION,  t.  Madison  co.  Ohio,    Pop.  1,469. 
UNION,  t.  Miami  CO.  Ohio.     Pop.  l/»78. 
UNION,  t.  Highland  co,  Ohio.     Pop.  836.  " 
UNION,  V.  Belmont  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  139. 


424 


UNI— VAS 


UNION,  t.  Cliumpaign  co.  Oliio,    Pop.  957. 
UNION,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio.     Pop. 
1,337. 

UNION,  t.  Ross  CO.  Ohio.    Pop.  2,6.54. 
,,    UNION,  t.  Scioto  CO,  Ohio.    Pop.  674. 
*    UNION,  1.  and  cap.  Monroe  co.  Va.  17  m. 
S.  from  Lewisburg,  alwut  45  m.  W.  by  N.  from 
Fincastlc,  2G7  from  W. 

UNION  BRIDGE,  v.  Frederick  co.  Md.  62 
m.  from  VV. 

UNION  MILLS,  V.  Frederick  co.  Md.  74 
m.  from  W. 

UxVION  MILLS,  V.  Fluvanna  co.  Va.  on  the 
Rivanna. 
UNION  SPRINGS,  v.  in  Aureliiis,  N.  Y. 
UNIONTOVVN,  t.  Frederick  co.  flid.  66  m. 
from  W. 
UNIONTOWN,  t.  Muskingum  co.  Ohio, 
UNIONVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Union  district, 
S.  C.  75  rn.  N.  from  Columbia,  467  from  W. 

UNITIA,  V.  Blount  co.  Ten.  190  m.  east- 
ward  from  Murfreesborough. 

UNITY,  t.  Waldo  co.  Me.  30  m.  NNE. 
ftom  Augusta,  196  NNE.  liom  Boston.  Pop. 
1,299. 

UNITY,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  H.  9  m.  NE. 
from  Charlcstown,  93  NVV.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,258. 

UNITY,  t.  3Iontgomcry  co.  ftid,  30  m.  N. 
from  W. 
UNITY,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.     Pop. 
I  .  1-757. 

1%  UPPER,  t.  Scioto  CO.  Ohio.    Pop.  674. 

UPPER  SANDUSKY,  v.  Cravyford  co. 
Ohio,  on  Sandusky  river,  about  80  ni.  a  little 
W.  of  N.  from  Columbus.     Lat.  40=  4;)'  N. 

UPPER  THREE  RUNS,  v.  Barnwell  dis- 
trict,  S.  C. 

UPPERVILLE,  V.  Loudon  co.  Va.  52  m. 
from  VV. 

UPSON,  CO.  Geo.  in  the  NW.  part  of  the 
state.     Pop.  7,013. 

UPTON,  Worcester  co.  Mass.  14  m.  SE. 
from  Worcester,  38  SW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,157. 

URBANNA,  t.  and  cap.  Champaign  co.Ohio, 
34  m.  NE.  from  Dayton,  44  W.  by  N.  from 
Columbus,  447  from  VV.  Lon.  83°  43'  W. ; 
lat.  40=  3'  N.  It  is  a  flourishing  town,  and 
contains  a  court-liouse,  a  jail,  a  market-house, 
a  bank,  a  Metliodist  meeting-house,  and  a 
printing-office.  It  is  situated  in  a  fertile  tract 
of  country.     Pop.  2,354. 

URBANNA,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Va.  on  SW. 
side  of  the  Rappahannock,  60  m.  ENE.  from 
Richmond. 

URBANNA,  v.  Steuben  co.  N.Y.  225  m. 
W.  from  Albany. 

USTAYANTHO,  lake,  N.  Y.  from  which 
the  river  Delaware  takes  its  rise. 

UTICA,  V.  Clarke  co.  In.  on  Ohio  river, 
opposite  Transylvania,  in  Jefferson  co.  Ken. 

UTICA,  city,  Oneida  co.  N.Y.  on  S.  bank 
of  the  Mohawk,  4  m.  SE.  from  Whitesborough, 
14  ESE.  from  Rome,  93  W.  by  N.  from  Alba- 
ny, 3f)2  from  W.  Lon.  75°  1.3'  W.;  lat.  43° 
6  N.  It  is  pleasantly  situated,  handsomely 
laid  out,  and  well  built,  and  contains  8  houses 
of  public  worship,  for  Presbyterians,  Episcopa- 


lians, Scotch  Presbyterians,  Methodists,  and 
Baptists ;  an  academy,  a  free-school,  a  court- 
iiouse,  a  bank,  an  insurance  office,  several 
manufactories,  and  has  an  extensive  trade.  It 
is  situated  in  a  fertile  country,  is  a  wealthy 
and  flourishing  town,  and  the  commercial  capi- 
tal of  the  western  part  of  the  state.  It  is  a 
noted  point  of  union  for  arriving  and  depart- 
ing stages.  This  town  has  gained  its  import- 
ance by  being  favorably  situated  in  regard  to 
commerce  and  agricultural  wealth.  Pop.  in 
1820,  2,972;  in  1830,  8,323,  having  almost 
tripled  its  population  since  the  last  census. 
The  U.  States  district  court  is  held  here. 

UTRECHT,  or  New  Utrecht,  t.  Kings  co. 
N.  Y.  on  W.  end  of  Long  Island,  on  E.  side 
of  tlie  Narrows,  9  m.  S.  from  New  York.  Pop, 
1,217. 

UXBRIDGE,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  18  m. 
SSE.  from  Worcester,  40  SW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  2,086.  It  borders  on  Rhode  Island,  and 
is  watc-id  by  Blackstone,  Mumfbrd,  and  West 
rivers.  It  is  a  pleasant  and  considerable  agri- 
cultural town,  and  contains  valuable  mills,  and 
some  manufacturing  establislunents. 

V. 

VALLEY  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  runs  into  the 

Schuylkill.    Lat  40°  7'  N. 

VALLEY  FORGE,  place  in  Pa.  near  the 
union  of  Valley  Creek  with  the  Schuylkill,  15 
m.  NW.  from  Philadelphia. 

VALONI  A,  t.  Jackson  co.  Indiana,  64  m.  S. 
from  Indianapolis. 

VANCEBURG,  v.  Lewis  co.  Ken.  99  m. 
from  Frankfort.    Pop.  93. 

VANCOUVER'S  FORT,  Ken.  at  the  union 
of  the  two  branches  of  Sandy  river. 

VANDALIA,  t.  Fayette  co.  II.  55  m.  from 
St.  Louis.  Vandalia  has  been  selected  as  the 
political  metropolis  of  tliis  state.  It  is  pleas- 
antly situated  on  a  high  bank  of  the  Kaskas- 
kia  river,  in  the  centre  of  a  rich  and  tliriving 
country.  It  was  founded  but  a  few  years  since. 
But  respectable  houses  for  the  accommodation 
of  the  government  and  the  courts  have  already 
been  erected.  Many  handsome  brick  build- 
ings have  arisen.  A  weekly  gazette  is  issued, 
and  it  exhibits  the  asiicct  of  a  respectable  vil- 
lage, having  from  80  to  100  houses.  Lon. 
from  W.  12°  1'  W.;  lat.  39°  5'  N. 

VANDERBURGH,  co.  In.  bounded  by  tlie 
Ohio  river  S.  Posey  W.  and  N.  and  Warrick  E. 
Length  20  m.  mean  width  12.  It  is  drained 
by  Big  Pigeon  creek.  Pop.  2,610.  Chief 
town,  Evansville. 

VANGEVILLE,  t.  Ken.  on  the  Ohio  river, 
at  the  moutli  of  Salt  Lick  creek,  36  m.  above 
Maysville.    It  has  some  salt-works. 

VANSVILLE,  t.  Prince  George  co.  Md.  14 
m.  from  VV.    Lat.  39°  2'  N. 

VANWERT,  CO.  m  the  NW.  part  of  Ohio, 
bounded  by  Paulding  N.  Putnam  and  Allen  E. 
Mercer  S.  and  state  of  Indiana  W.  Length 
24  m.  width  18.    Pop.  432. 

VARENNES,  v.  Pendleton  co.  S.C.  143  m. 
NW.  from  Columbia. 
VARIETY,  v.  Nelson  co.  Va. 
VASSALBOROUGH,t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me. 


VEA— VEV 


425 


diists,  and 
,1,  a  court- 
;e,  several 
e  trade.  It 

a  wealthy 
ercial  capi- 
c.  It  is  a 
ind  depart- 

Us  import- 
I  rcpard  to 
1.  Top.  in 
ing  almost 
ast  census. 
1  here. 
[.  Kings  CO. 
,  on  E.  side 

York.  Pop. 

rtass.  18  m. 
rem  Boston. 
Island,  and 
rd,  and  West 
derable  agri- 
)le  mills,  and 
its. 


uns  into  the 

Pa.  near  the 
Schuylkill,  15 

iana,  64  m.  S. 

Ken.  99  m. 

at  the  union 
rer. 

1.  55  m.  from 
elected  as  the 
It  is  pleas- 
r  the  Kaskas- 

and  tliriying 
IV  years  since, 
icommodation 
I  have  already 
J  brick  build- 
lette  is  issued, 
Bspectablc  vil- 

ouses.    Lon. 

junded  by  tlie 
id  Warrick  E. 
It  is  drained 
2,610.    Chief 

he  Ohio  river, 

J,  36  ni.  above 

rks. 

■ge  CO.  Md.  14 

.  part  of  Ohio, 
n  and  Allen  E. 
W.    Length 

o.S.C.143ni. 


nebeck  co.  Me. 


on  E.  side  of  tlie  Kennebeck  river,  opposite 
Sidney,  8  m.  N.  from  Augusta,  180  NNE.  from 
Boston.  Fop.  3,761.  This  is  a  large  and  val> 
uable  agricultural  town. 

VEAL  TOWN,  t.  N.J.  14  m.  NNW.  from 
New  Brunswick. 

VENANGO,  CO.  NW.  part  of  Pa.  bounded 
N.  by  Crawford  and  Warren  cos.  E.  by  Jeffer- 
son,  S.  by  Armstrong  and  Butler,  and  W.  by 
Mercer.     Pop.  9,128.    Chief  town,  Franklin. 

VENANGO,  t.  Crawford  co.  Pa.    Pop.  544. 

VENICE,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  on  S.  side  of 
Sandusky  Bay,  4  m.  W,  from  the  new  town  of 
Sandusky.  This  town  has  a  good  harbor,  and 
is  flourishing. 

VEN  ICE,  V.  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y.  20  m.  N.  from 
Ithaca,  and  15  S.  from  Auburn. 

VENUS,  t.  and  cap.  Hancock  co.  II.  133  m. 
from  Vandalia,  and  914  from  W. 

VERA  CRUZ,  formerly  an  intendency,  now 
a  state  of  the  republic  of  Mexico.  It  is  a  long 
narrow  slip,  extending  on  tlie  Gulf  of  Mexico 
450  m.  with  a  mean  width  of  60  m.  lying  be- 
tween  lat.  l?^  and  22°  20'  N.  In  all  its  great 
lino  of  sea-coast,  not  one  really  good  harbor 
exists.  There  are  fbw,  if  any  other  regions 
of  the  world  where  transition  of  soil,  eleva- 
tion, and  vegetable  life  ore  more  rapid  and 
striking.  The  western  part  rises  on  the  de- 
clivity qf  Anahuac.  In  one  day  the  traveller 
ascends  from  the  parched  plains  near  tlie  Mex- 
ican Gulf,  to  the  region  of  perpetual  snow. 
Staples,  vanilla,  cocoa,  tobacco,  cotton,  sugar, 
and  rice.  This  intendency  contains  the  two 
great  volcanic  summits  of  Orizaba,  and  CofFre 
dc  Perotc.  In  it,  near  Papantla,  ore  found 
very  well  preserved  remains  of  ancient  monu- 
ments. Its  cities  are  Vera  Cruz,  Xalapa,  Pe- 
rotc, Cordoba,  Orizaba,  and  Tlacotlalpan. 

VERA  CRUZ,  city  of  Mexico,  and  capital 
of  the  state  of  the  same  name.  This  city, 
beautiful  and  wealthy  from  art,  owes  nothing 
to  nature.  It  stands  on  the  low,  sandy,  and 
insalubrious  coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The 
harbor,  if  it  ought  to  be  so  called,  is  in  some 
measure  protected  by  tlie  small  island  of  St 
.lean  d'Uloo,  but  is  in  reality  very  insecure. 
The  winter  population  of  Vera  Cruz  is  about 
17,000,  but  in  summer  the  yellow  fever  drives 
the  wealtiiy  to  Xalapa,  and  other  places  of  the 
interior.  Arid  sands  environ  this  city,  which 
depends  on  foreign  commerce  for  its  very  exist- 
ence.  Lat.  1 9°  11'  N. ;  Ion.  from  W.  19°  9'  W. 

VERA  PAZ,  province  of  Guatemala,  bound- 
ed on  the  N.  by  Jucatan,  E.  by  the  bay  and 
province  of  Honduras,  S.  by  Guatemala  proper, 
and  W.  by  Chiapa.  It  is  full  of  mountains 
and  forests ;  but  there  are  many  fertile  val- 
leys, which  feed  a  great  number  of  horses  and 
mules.  There  are  also  many  towns  and  vil- 
lages of  the  native  Americans.  The  capital, 
of  the  same  name,  or  Coban,  is  a  bishop's  see, 
but  is  inconsiderable.  It  is  120  m.  NE.  from 
Guatemala.     Lon.  90°  55*  W. ;  lat  15°  30'  N. 

VERDIGRIS,  r.  Miso.  joins  the  Arkansas, 
15  or  20  m.  above  Canadian  river.  It  is  nav- 
igable 150  m. 

VERGENNES,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Otter 
creek,  11m.  below  Middlebury,  and  20  S.  from 
3D 


Burlington.  Pop.  999.  It  is  situated  on  both 
sides  of  the  Otter  creek,  at  the  head  of  navi- 
gation, 6  ni.  above  Basin  Harbor  at  the  moutli 
of  the  river.  It  is  pleasantly  situated,  and 
contains  a  woollen  manufactory,  extensive 
clothiers'  works,  iron  works,  2  large  grist- 
mills, and  several  saw-mills,  and  has  consider- 
able trade. 

VERMILLION,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  on  Lake 
Erie,  at  tlie  mouth  of  the  Vermillion  r.  about 
40  rn.  W.  from  Cleveland. 

VERMILLION,  r.  Ohio,  runs  into  Lake 
Erie,  9  m.  E.  from  Huron  river. 

VERMILLION,  r.  II.  runs  into  the  Illinois 
river,  150  in.  from  the  Mississippi.  It  is  rocky 
and  not  navigable. 

VERMILLION,  r.  In.  flows  into  the  Wa- 
bash,  about  40  m.  below  Ouiatan. 

VERMILLION,  r.  La.  flows  into  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  W.  of  a  bay  of  the  same  name. 

VERMILLION,  r.  La.  joins  the  Arkansas. 

VERMILLION  BRIDGE,  v.  Attakapas  dis- 
trict. La. 

VERMILLION  POINT,  or  Cape  Towns- 
end,  a  peninsula  in  Lake  Michigan,  which 
separates  Green  Bay  from  the  other  part  of 
the  lake.  It  is  23  leagues  long,  and  from  1  to 
3  broad. 

VERMILLION,  co.  II.  on  Vermillion  of 
Wabash,  and  N.  from  Edgar  co.  It  is  travers- 
ed by  lat.  40°  N. 

VERMILLION,  C.  H.  Vermillion  co.  II. 
about  120  m.  NE.  from  Vandalia,  and  100  a 
little  N.  of  W.  from  Indianapolis,  in  In. 

VERMILLION,  t.  Huron  co.  Ohio,  on  Ver- 
million  river.    Pop.  505. 

VERMILLION,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio.  Fop. 
1,451. 

VERMONT,  one  of  the  U.  S.   See  page  52. 

VERNON,  t.  and  scat  of  justice,  Hickman 
CO.  Ten.  on  the  lefl  bank  of  Duck  river. 

VERNON,  t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  6  m.  WSW. 
from  Tolland.     Pop.  1,164. 

VERNON,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  17  m.  W. 
from  Utica.    Pop.  3,045. 

VERNON,  t.  Sussex  co.  N.  J. 

VERNON,  or  Smithfield,  t.  Trumbull  co. 
Ohio,  20  m.  NE.  from  Warren. 

VERNON,  t.  Clinton  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,043. 

VERNON,  New,  v.  Morris  co.  N.J. 

VERNON,  t.  Jennmgs  co.  In.  25  m.  NW. 
from  Madison. 

VERONA,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.Y.  on  Wood 
creek,  and  E.  of  Oneida  Lake,  20  m.  W.  from 
Utica.  Pop.  3,739.  Great  quantities  of  iron 
ore,  and  sand  suitable  for  making  gloas,  are 
found  in  this  town. 

VERSAILLES,  t.  and  cap.  Woodford  co. 
Ken.  on  the  river  Kentucky,  12  m.  SW.  from 
Lexington,  547  from  W.  Pop.  904.  It  is  a 
handsome  and  flourishug  town,  containing  a 
bank,  and  an  academy. 

VERSHIRE,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt  on  E.  side  of 
Chelsea,  32  m.  N.  from  Windsor.    Pop.  1,260. 

VESSEL  BAY,  on  E.  shore  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  extending  NE>  into  the  township  of 
Chark)tte. 

VEV  AY,  t  and  cap.  Switzerland  co.  Indiana, 
on  the  Ohio,  8  m.  above  the  mouth  of  the  Ken- 


426 


VIC— WAB 


tucky  river,  nearly  equidistant  from  Cincin- 
nati, Louisville,  and  L;xin;srton,  nlx)iit  45  m. 
from  eacli,  and  55(5  froni  VV.  It  is  pleasantly 
Hituated,  and  contains  between  2  and  300 
houses,  a  court-liousc,  jail,  academy,  [irinting- 
offiee,  from  wliicli  issues  a  weekly  journal,  a 
branch  of  tlie  bank  of  Indiana,  and  some  other 
public  buildings.  This  interesting  town  wap 
commenced  in  1804,  by  30  Swiss  families,  to 
whom  the  United  States  made  a  grant,  under 
favorable  stipulations,  of  a  considerable  tract 
of  land,  to  patronize  the  cultivation  of  the  vine. 
The  patriarch  of  this  colony  was  a  Swiss  gen- 
tleman, of  the  name  of  J.  J.  Dufour,  who  con- 
tinued an  intelligent  friend  to  the  town.  The 
colony  soon  received  considerable  accessions 
from  the  mountains  of  Switzerland.  In  grate- 
ful remembrance  of  their  native  liills,  and  to 
create  in  the  bosom  of  their  adopted  country 
tender  associations  with  their  ancient  country, 
they  named  their  stream  Venoge,  and  their 
town  Vcvay.  Messrs.  Dufour,  Morcrod,  Bet- 
tens,  Siebenthal,  and  others,  commenced  the 
cultivation  of  the  grape  on  a  large  scale.  This 
cultivation  has  gone  on  steadily  increasing. 
A  hundred  experiments  have  been  since  com- 
menced in  different  points  of  the  west.  But 
this  still  remains  the  largest  vineyard  in  the 
United  S^tes.  \Vc  have  witnessed  nothing 
in  our  country,  in  the  department  of  garden- 
ing and  cultivation,  which  can  compare  with 
the  richness  of  this  vineyard,  in  the  autumn, 
when  the  clusters  are  in  maturity.  Words 
feebly  paint  such  a  spectacle.  Tlie  horn  of 
plenty  seeriis  to  liave  been  emptied  in  the  pro- 
duction of  this  rich  fruit. 

VICKSBURGH,  v.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio. 

VICKSBURGH,  v.  Warren  co.  Mis.  about 
60  m,  NNE.  from  Natchez. 

VICTORY,  t.  N  W.  part  of  Cayuga  co.  N.  Y. 
12  m.  a  little  N.  of  E.  from  Montezuma. 

VICTORY,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  55  m.  ENE. 
from  Montpelier.    Pop.  53. 

VIDALIA,  V.  parish  of  Concordia,  La.  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  directly  op- 
posite Natchez.  It  is  a  small  village  in  a 
single  street,  parallel  to  the  river,  and  within 

UlG  16V66 

VIELLEBOROUGH,  v.  Caroline  co.  Va.  71 
m.  from  W. 

VIENNA,  t.  Kennebeek  co.  Me.  26  m.  NW, 
from  Augusta,  661  from  W.    Pop.  417. 

VIENNA,  t.  and  port  of  entry,  Dorchester 
CO.  Md.  on  the  Nanticoke,  19  m.  SE.  from  Cam- 
bridge.  It  contains  only  about  20  houses. 
The  shipping  belonging  to  this  port,  in  1816, 
amounted  to  19,214  tons. 

VIENNA,  t.  and  seat  of  justice,  Johnson  co. 
II.  40  m.  NE.  from  the  mouth  of  Ohio  r.  167 
from  Vandalia,  and  817  from  W. 

VIENNA,  t.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  910. 

VIENNA,  t.  Abbeville  district,  S.C.  on  the 
Savannah  r.  52  m.  above  Augusta. 

VIENNA,  t.  Ohio  co.  Ken.  on  Green  river, 
20  m.  WNW.  from  Hartford. 

VIGO,  CO.  In.  bounded  by  the  state  of  Illi- 
nois W.  Parke  N.  Putnam  E.  and  Sullivan  S. 
Lengtii  20  m.  mean  width  18.    Pop.  5,737. 


The  cliief  town,  Terre  Haute,  is  situated  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Wabash,  60  m.  by  land 
above  Vincennes. 

VILLAGE  GREEN,  v.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  5 
m.  W.  from  Chester,  and  20  SW.  from  Phila- 
dclphia. 

VILLAGE  HILL,  v.  Nottaway  co.  Va. 

VILLAGE  SPRINGS,  v.  Blount  co.  Al.  181 
m.  N.  from  Cahawba. 

yiLLEPUCHE,  V.  Miso.  on  W.  side  of  the 
Mississip])i,  19  m.  below  St.  Louis. 

VINALHAVEN,  t.  Hancock  co.  Me.  13  m. 
S.  from  Castine,  210  NE.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,794.  It  is  situated  on  the  Fox  Islands,  in 
Penobscot  Bay. 

VINCENNES,  t.  and  cap.  Knox  co.  In.  on 
E.  bank  of  the  Wabash,  100  m.  from  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Ohio,  in  a  direct  line,  and  nearly 
200  m.  by  the  course  of  the  river,  120  W.  from 
Louisville,  150  m.  NE,  from  Kaskaskia,  and 
693  from  W.  Lon.  88°  23'  W. ;  lat  40°  39'  N. 
It  has  improved  rapidly  of  late,  and  contains 
300  houses,  a  brick  court-house  and  hotel,  a 
jail,  a  respectable  building  for  an  academy,  a 
Roman  Catholic  and  a  Presbyterian  church, 
land-office,  post-office,  two  printing  offices,  from 
one  of  which  is  issued  a  respectable  gazette, 
a  bank,  and  some  other  public  buildings,  and 
1,500  inhabitants.  It  is  situated  contiguous 
to  a  beautiful  prairie,  5,000  acres  of  which  are 
cultivated  as  a  common  field,  after  the  ancient 
French  custon, .  It  was  for  a  long  time  the 
seat  of  the  territorial  government,  and  still  has 
as  much  trade  as  any  other  place  in  the  state. 
The  plat  of  the  town  is  level,  and  laid  off  with 
regularity.  The  houses  have  extensive  gardens, 
crowded  after  the  French  fashion  with  fruit 
trees.  It  is  accessible,  for  the  greater  part  of 
the  year,  by  steam-boats,  and  is  a  place  of  ex- 
tensive supply  of  merchandise  to  the  interior 
of  the  state. 

VINCENT,  t.  Chester  co.  Pa.  on  SW.  side 
of  the  SchuylkiU.    Pop.  2,147. 

VINEYARD,  t.  Grand  Isle  co.  Vt.  34  m. 
N.  from  Burlington.    Pop.  459. 

VINEYARD,  New,  t.  Somerset  co.  Me.  15 
m.  WNW.  from  Norridgcwock.    Pop.  869. 

VINEYARD,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va. 

VIRGIL,  t.  Cortlandt  co.  N.Y.  10  m.  S. 
from  Homer,  and  155  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
3,912. 

VIRGINIA,  state  of  the  U.  S.   See  page  91. 

VIRGIN  ISLANDS,  about  30  islands  and 
keys  in  the  West  Indies,  between  St.  Juan  de 
Puerto  Rico  and  the  Leeward  Caribbec  Islands. 
They  are  possessed  by  the  English  and  Danes. 

VOLNEY,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.Y.  on  the  Os- 
wego, 50  m.  W.  from  Rome.  Pop.  3,629.  A 
valuable  quarry  of  stone,  of  which  grind-stones, 
&c.  are  made,  is  found  at  Oswego  falls  in  tiiis 
town. 

.  VOLUNTOWN,  t.  Windham  co.  Ct  16  m. 
E.  from  Norwich.    Pop.  1,304. 

W. 
WABASH,  r.  In.  waters  tlie  middle  and 
western  part  of  the  state,  and  flows  into  the 
Ohio,  30  m.  above  Cumberland  river,    ll  is 


WAB— WAR 


CO.  Ct  16  m. 


upwarcjs  of  500  in.  long,  and  is  navigable  for 
keel-bonLs  400  m.  to  Ouiatan,  and  niso  tor  Hinali 
boats  to  witliin  8  m.  of  the  Mjuiinre. 

WABASH,  Little,  r.  In.  runs  SI-:,  into  the 
Wabash,  a  few  miles  above  the  Oliio. 

WARISAl'ENCUN,  r.  La.  runs  into  the 
Mississippi.     Lat  41°  40'  N. 

WACHUSETT,  mt.  in  Princeton,  Mass. 
The  height  of  this  mountain  was  measured 
hy  a  barometer,  and  found  to  be  2,020  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

WADESBOROUGH,  t.  and  cap.  Anson  co. 
N.  C.  70  m.  SSE.  from  Salisbury,  76  W.  from 
Fayetteville. 

WADE'S  POINT,  cai)c,  on  the  coast  of 
N.  C.    Ix)n.  76=  20'  W.;  lat.  .36=  7'  N. 

WADING"  RIVER,  v.  in  Riverhead,  N.  Y. 

W  ADM  EL  AW,  r,  S.  C.  separates  the  island 
of  St.  John  from  the  continent. 

WADMELAW,  small  isl.  on  the  coast  of 
S.  ('.  which  communicates  witli  St.  John's  Isl- 
and by  means  of  a  bridge. 

WAHNAACHA,  r.  N.  America,  runs  SE. 
into  the  Columbia,  below  Clarke's  river. 

WAITSFIELD,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  18 
in.  SW.  from  Montpelicr.  Pop.  958.  This  is 
a  valuable  agricultural  township. 

WAITS  RIVEIt,  r.  Vt  runs  into  the  Con- 
necticut, 12  m.  below  Well's  river. 

WAIvATOMIKA,  r.  Ohio,  runs  SE.  and 
joins  the  Muskingum,  1.3  ni.  above  Zanesvillc. 

WAKAYGAGH,  or  Fort,  r.  NW.  territory, 
runs  into  Lake  Michigan.  Lon.  87°  9' W.; 
lat  42°  58'  N. 

WAKE,  ca  central  part  of  N.  Carolina. 
Pop.  20,417.    Chief  town,  Raleigh. 

WAKEFIELD,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.H.25  m. 
ENE.  from  Gilmanton,  42  NNW.  from  Ports- 
mouth. Pop.  1,470.  It  contains  a  cotton 
manufactory  and  an  academy. 

WALDEN,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  7  m.  NW. 
from  Danville,  22  NE.  from  Montpelicr.  Pop. 
827. 

WALDOBOROUGH,  s-p.  Lincoln  co.  Me. 
22  m.  ENE.  from  Wiscasset,  180  NE.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  3,113.  It  is  a  considerable  town. 
The  siiipping  belonging  to  tliis  port,  in  1816, 
amounted  to  19,743  tons. 

WALES,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.    Pop.  612. 

WALKERSVILLE,  v.  Centre  co.  Pa. 

WALKERSVILLE,  v.  Lincoln  co.  Geo. 

WALKERTOWN,  t  King  and  Queen  co. 
Va.  on  the  Mattapony,  45  m.  NE.  from  Rich- 
mond. 

WALLABOUT,  part  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  in 
which  is  a  U.  S.  navy-yard.  It  lies  NE.  of  the 
village. 

WALLACE,  small  isl.  near  the  coast  of  S. 
Carolina.    Lon.  78°  35'  W. ;  lat  33°  54'  N. 

WALLINGFORD,  t  Rutland  co.  Vt  32  m. 
W.  from  Windsor.     Pop.  ],7'10. 

WALLINGFORD,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct. 
12  m.  NNE.  from  New  Haven.    Pop-  2,419. 

WALLKILL,  r.  rises  in  New  .Jersey,  runs 
NE.  and  flows  into  the  Hudson,  near  Kingston, 
N.  Y.  It  passes  tlirough  the  Drowned  Lands. 
Length  80  ni. 

WALLKILL,  t.  Orange  ro.  N.  Y.  i20  m. 
W.  from  Newburgh.     Pop.  4,0.'i6. 


427 

Pop. 


WALNUT,   t.  Pickaway  ro.  Ohio. 
1,592. 

WALNUT,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  2  ^00 

WALNU1'  BRANCH,  v.  Fauquier  co.  Va. 

WALNUT,  BifT,  r.  Ohio,  rises  in  Delaware 
CO.  and  joins  the  Scioto,  about  10  m.  below  Co- 
lumbus. 

WALNUT  COVE,  v. Campbell  co.  Ten. 

WALNUT  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  runs  into  the 
Scioto,  6  m.  above  Circicvillc. 

WALNUT  CREEK,  r.  Ohio,  runs  into  the 
Scioto,  10  m.  below  Chillicothe. 

WALNUT  GROVE,  v.  St.  Clair  co.  II. 

WALNUT  GROVE,  v.  Mercer  co.  Ken. 

WALNUT  HILL, v. Greenville  district,S.C. 

WALNUT  HILLS,  v.  and  fort,  Warren  co. 
Miss,  on  the  Mississippi,  12  m.  S.of  tlie  mouth 
of  the  Yazoo,  134  ni.  above  Natchez. 

WALPOLE,  t  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  20  m, 
SW.  from  Boston.     Pop.  1,442. 

WALPOLE,  t.  Cheshire  co.  N.  II.  on  the 
Connecticut,  opposite  Westminster,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  a  bridge,  12  m.  S.  froir. 
Charlestown,  13  NW.  from  Keene,  20  N.  by 
E.  from  Brattleborough,  60  W.  by  S.  from  Con- 
cord, 90  WNW.  from  Boston.    Pop.  1,979. 

WALTHAM,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt  30  m.  S. 
from  Burlington.     Pop.  330. 

WALTHAM,  L  Middlesex  co.  Mass,  on  N. 
side  of  Charles  river,  which  separates  it  from 
Newton,  10  m.  W.  from  Boston,  34  E.  by  N. 
from  Worcester.  Pop.  1,859.  It  is  a  pleasant 
town,  and  contains  manufactories  of  woollen, 
cotton,  and  paper,  which  are  among  the  best 
and  most  extensive  establishments  of  the  kind 
in  tlie  country. 

WALTON,  t.  Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
Delaware,  15  m.  SW.  from  DeDii,  85  SW.  from 
Albany.     Pop.  1,G72. 

WALTON,  CO.  West  Florida.  Pop.  6,092. 
Chief  town,  Alaqua. 

WALTON,  CO.  Geo.  bounded  SW.  by  New- 
ton, W.  by  Gwinnet,  NW.  by  Hall,  NE.  by 
Oconee  river,  or  by  Jackson  and  Clarke,  and 
SE.  by  Morgan  and  Jasper.  Length  25,  mean 
width  22  m.  (^hief  town,  Monroe.  Pop.  in 
1820,4,192;  in  1830,10,931. 

WANASQUIATUCKET,  r.  R.  L  unites 
with  the  Mosliasick,  just  above  Providence,  to 
form  Providence  river. 

WAl'PINGER'S  CREEK,  v.  in  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y. 

WAPPINGER'S  CREEK,  r.  N.Y.  runs 
into  the  Hudson,  8  m.  S.  from  Poughkeepsie. 
Length  33  m. 

WAPPOCOMO,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the  Poto- 
mac, 9  ni.  ESE.  from  Fort  Cumberland. 

WARD,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass.  5  m.  SSW. 
from  Worcester,  45  ^^'SW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
690. 

WARD'S  CREEK,  r.  Md.  runs  into  the 
Chesapeake.    Lon.  76°  ',-2'  W. ;  lat  38°  8'  N. 

WARD'S  CREEK,  r.  Va.  runs  into  James 
river.     Lon.  77°  11'  W. ;  lat  37°  10'  N. 

WARDSBOROUGH,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt 
20  m.  NE.  from  Bennington.    Pop.  1,148. 

WARDSBRIDGE,  v.  Montgomery,  Orange 
CO.  N.Y. 

WARDWELL,  v.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.     • 


428 


WAR— WAR 


i 


WARE,  t  Hampahire  co.  Mass.  SI  tn.  ESE. 
from  Northampton,  70  VV.  frniu  IJoston.  Pop. 
2,045. 

WARE,  r.  Worcester  co,  Mass.  runs  SW. 
and  unites  with  the  Chicapec,  W,  fr.  Pulmer. 

WARE,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the  Cliesapcakc. 
Lon.  76°  26'  W. ;  lat.  37°  25'  N. 

WAREHAM,  t.  Plymouth  co.  Mass.  at  the 
head  of  Buzzard's  Bay,  17  m.  S.  from  Ply- 
mouth, 54  S.  from  Boston.  Pop.  1,885.  It 
contains  a  cotton  manufactory,  and  a  furnace. 
WARMINSTER,  t  Amherst  co.  Va.  on 
James  river,  90  m.  above  Richmond. 

WARM  SPRING,  in  Bath  co.  Va.  issues 
in  a  large  stream,  sufficient  to  work  a  grist- 
mill,  and  to  keep  its  basin,  which  is  30  feet  in 
diameter,  at  the  vital  warmth,  viz.  96°  of  Fah- 
renheit, The  waters  afford  the  finest  natural 
bath  known  in  America,  and  arc  efficacious  in 
rheun)atisni,  and  some  other  complaints.  Here 
is  a  post-office. 

WARM  SPRING  MOUNTAINS,  ridge  of 
the  Alleghany  mountains,  in  Both  and  Pendle- 
ton cos.  Va.  remarkable  for  warm  springs. 
WARM  SPRINGS,  v.  York  co,  Pa. 
WARM  SPRINGS,  v.  Buncombe  co.  N.C. 
WARNER,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.  H.  17  m. 
WNW.  from  Concord,  505  from  W.    Pop. 
2,221. 

WARNER,  r.  N.  H.  runs  into  the  Contoo- 
cook,  in  Hopkinton. 

WARREN,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Me.  on  St.  George's 
river,  on  west  side  of  Thomastown,  30  ni.  E. 
by  N.  from  Wiccasset,  145  NE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  2,030. 

WARREN,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  20  m. 
SW.  from  Montpelier.    Pop.  766. 

WARREN,  t.  Grafton  co.  N.  H.  11  m.  SE. 
from  Haverhill.     Pop.  702. 

WARREN,  t.  Bristol  co.  R.  I.  on  NE.  part 
of  Narraganset  Bay,  4  m.  N.  from  Bristol,  10 
S.  from  Providence,  52  SSVV,  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,800..  It  is  a  pleasant  town,  and  con- 
tains a  bank,  an  insurance-office,  an  academy, 
a  printing-office,  and  3  houses  of  public  wor- 
ship. It  carries  on  considerable  trade  witli 
the  West  Indies,  and  is  remarkable  for  ship- 
building. 

WARREN,  t  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  9  m.  W. 
Litchfield.    Pop.  985. 

WARREN,  CO.  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by  Essex 
CO.  E.  by  Washington  co.  S.  by  Saratoga  co. 
and  W.  by  Hamilton  co.  It  is  watered  by  the 
Hudson  and  Lake  George.  Pop.  11,795.  Chief 
town,  Caldwell. 

WARREN,  t.  Herkimer  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  S. 
from  Herkimer,  70  W.  from  Albany.  Pop. 
2,084.     Iron  ore  is  found  here. 

WARREN,  t.  Somerset  co.  N.J.  Pop.  1,561. 
WARREN,  CO.  NW.  part  of  Pa.  bounded 
N.  by  New  York,  E.  by  M'Kcan  co.  S.  by  Jef- 
ferson  and  Venango  cos.  and  VV.  by  Crawford 
and  Erie  CQS,  Pop.  9,128,  Chief  town,  Warren. 
It  is  watered  by  the  Alleghaijy. 

WARREN,  t.  and  cap.  Warren  co.  Pa.  on 
N.  side  of  the  Alleghany,  and  at  the  junction 
of  the  Conewango,  about  70  m.  ESE,  from 
Erie,  313  firom  W. 


WARREN,  t.  Albemarle  co.  Vu.  on  Jamci 
river,  10  m.  NE.  from  Warminster. 

WARREN,  CO.  SW.  part  of  Ohio.  Pop. 
21,493.    Chief  town,  Lebanon. 

WARREN,  t.  and  cap.  Trumbull  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  Mahoning,  40  m.  SE.  from  Painesvillu, 
77  NW.  from  Pittsburg,  306  fron)  W.  It  is  a 
flourishing  town, and  contains  the  county  build- 
ings, a  bank,  and  a  printing-office.     Pop.  510. 

WARREN,  t.  Belmont  :o.  Ohio.  Pop. 
2,295. 

WARREN,  t.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio,  on  tlie 
Ohio.    Pop.  1,576. 

WARREN,  v.  Jefferson  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  130. 

WARREN,  t.  Wasiiington  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
649. 

WARREN,  CO,  N,  part  of  N.C.  Pop.  10,916. 
Chief  town,  Warrenton, 

WARREN,  CO.  Ken.  bounded  by  Allen  SE. 
Simpson  S.  Logan  SW.  Butler  NW.  Green  r. 
or  Grayson  and  Hart  N.  and  Barren  E.  I.cngth 
35  m.  mean  width  20.  Big  Barren  river  passes 
through  this  co.  Chief  town.  Bowling  Green. 
Pop.  in  1820, 11,776;  in  1830, 10,947. 

WARREN,  CO.  Ten.  bounded  by  Franklin 
S.  Rutherford  W.  Wilson  and  Smith  NW. 
Caney  fork  river  or  White  NE.  and  Bledsoe  SE. 
Length  40  m.  width  20.  Chief  town,  M'Min- 
ville.    Pop.  in  1820,  10,348;  in  1830,  1.5,351. 

WARREN,  CO.  Mis.  bounded  by  Missis- 
slppi  river  W.  Yazoo  river  N.  Newpurchase 
E.  and  Big  Black  river  or  Claiborne  co.  S. 
Length  30  m.  width  11.  Pop.  in  1820,  2,693; 
in  1830,  7,861.    Chief  town,  Vicksburg. 

WARREN,  CO.  central  part  of  Geo.  Pop. 
10,846.    Chief  town,  Warrenton. 

WARRENBURG,  t.  Warren  co.  N.Y.  on 
Scroon  river,  7  m.  NW.  from  Caldwell. 

WARRENBURG,  t.  Greene  co.  Ten. 

WARRENTON,  t.  and  cap.  Fauquier  co. 
Va.  40  m.  NNVV.  from  Fredericksburg.  It  is 
a  pleasant  and  handsome  village,  and  contains 
a  court-house,  a  jail,  and  2  houses  of  public 
worsiiip. 

WARRENTON,  t.  and  cap.  Warren  co. 
N.  C.  16  m.  E.  by  N.  from  Hillsborough,  56 
NNE.  from  Raleigh,  84  S.  from  Petersburg, 
230  from  W.  It  lias  an  elevated,  pleasant,  and 
healthy  situation,  and  contains  a  court-house, 
a  jail,  a  Metliodist  meeting-house,  and  two 
academies. 

WARRENTON,  t.  Warren  co.  Mis.  onE. 
bank  of  the  Mississippi,  about  18  m.  below 
Walnut  Hills. 

WARRENTON,  t.  Warren  co,  Geo.  about 
55  m.  NNE.  from  Milledgeville. 

WARRICK,  CO.  In.  bounded  by  Ohio  river 
S.  Vanderburg  and  Posey  W.  Pike  and  Dubois 
N.  and  Spencer  E,  and  SE,  Length  30  m. 
width  13,  area  410  sq.  ms.  It  is  drained  by 
Big  and  Little  Pigeon,  and  some  other  creeks. 
Chief  town,  Evansville.  Lat.  38°  5'  N. ;  lon. 
from  W.  10°  10'  W. 

WARSAW,  t.  Genesee  co.  N.Y.  20  m.  S. 
from  Batavia,  260  W,  from  Albany.  Pop. 
2,474. 

WARWICK,  v.  Cecil  co.  Md.  9  m.  NE.  from 
Georgetown, 


WAR— WAS 


429 


on 


20  m.  S. 
ly.     Pop. 

NE.  from 


WARWICK,  t  Franklin  co.  Moss.  12  m. 
ENE.  from  Greenfield,  80  WNW.  from  Bos- 
ton.  Pop.  1,150.  Glass  is  manufuctiired  in  this 
town. 

WARWICK,  t  Kent  co.  R.  I.  on  wost  side 
of  Providence  river,  10  m.  S.  from  Providence. 
Pop.  5,22!). 

WARWICK,  t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  S. 
from  Goshen,  54  NW.  from  New  York.  Pop. 
5,013.  The  township  is  large,  and  contains  5 
houses  for  public  worship,  and  an  academy, 
and  has  extensive  iron  works, 

WARWICK,  CO.  E.  part  of  Va.  bounded  N. 
by  York  co.  E.  by  Elizabeth  City  co.  SSW.  by 
James  river,  and  W.  by  James  City  co.  Pop. 
1,570. 

WARWICK,  t.  Chesterfield  co.  Va.  on  SW.I 
side  of  James  river,  5  m.  below  Richmond,  17 
N.  from  Petersburg.  The  river  is  navigable 
to  this  place  for  vessels  drawing  12  feet  of 
water. 

WASHINGTON,  co.  E.  side  of  Me.  bound, 
ed  E.  by  New  Brunswick,  S.  by  the  Atlantic, 
and  W.  by  Hancock  and  Penobscot  cos.  Pop. 
21,295.   Chief  towns,  Machias  and  Eastport. 

WASHINGTON,  co.  Vt.  in  tlie  central  part 
of  the  state,  bounded  NE.  by  Orange  and  Cal- 
edonia cos.  E.  by  Caledonia  co.  SE.  by  Orange 
CO.  S.  by  Addison  co.  and  W.  by  Chittenden  co. 
Pop.  21,394.    Chief  town,  Montpelier. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt.  20  m. 
SE.  from  Montpelier.    Pop.  1,374. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Sullivan  co.  N.  H.  35 
W.  from  Concord.    Pop.  1,135. 

WASHINGTON,  Mount,  the  highest  sum- 
mit  of  the  White  Mountains,  N.  H.  See  White 
Mountains. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  8 
m.  E.  from  Lenox,  120  W.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
701. 

WASHINGTON,  co.  R.  I.  bounded  N.  by 
Kent  CO.  E.  by  Narraganset  Bay,  S.  by  the  At- 
lantic, antl  W.  by  Connecticut.  Pop.  15,414. 
Chief  town.  South  Kingston. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  10  m. 
SW.  from  Litchfield,  25  N.  by  E.  from  Dan- 
bury,  32  NNW.  from  New  Haven.  Pop.  1,621. 
It  is  a  considerable  town,  and  contains  exten- 
sive iron-works,  with  slittling-mills,  nail  facto- 
ries, and  various  other  mills  and  machinery. 
There  are  in  this  town  several  quarries  of  ex- 
cellent marble,  and  2  mills  constantly  employ- 
ed in  sawing  it.  A  mineral  spring,  iron  ore, 
limestone,  ochre,  fuller's  earth,  and  white  clay, 
arc  found  in  this  town. 

WASHINGTON,  co,  N.  Y.  bounded  N.  by 
Essex  CO.  E.  by  Vermont,  S.  by  Rensselaer  co. 
and  W.  by  Saratoga  and  Warren  cos.  Pop. 
42,615.  Chief  towns,  Sandy  Hill  and  Salem. 
WASHINGTON,  t.  Dutchess  co.  N.  Y.  15 
m.  ENE.  from  Poughkeepsie.  Pop.  3,036.  Here 
is  a  respectable  Quaker  boarding-school.  The 
building  is  3  stories  high,  and  accommodates 
100  students. 

WASHINGTON,  v.  in  Watervliet,  N.  Y. 
on  W.  side  of  the  Hudson,  nearly  opposite 
Troy,  5  m.  N.  from  Albany.    Here  is  a  large 
U.  S.  arsenal. 
WASHINGTON,  t  Morris  co.  N.  J. 


WASHINGTON,  CO.SW.  part  of  Pa.  bound- 
ed  N.  by  Beaver  co.  NE.  by  Alleghany  co.  E. 
by  Westmoreland  and  Fayette  cos,  S.  by 
Greene  co.  and  W.  by  Virginia.  Pop.  42,784, 
Ciiief  town,  Washington, 

WASHINGTON,  t.bor.and  cap.  Washing- 
ton CO.  Pa.  on  the  liead  branches  of  Ciiartier's 
creek,  25  m.  SVV.  from  Pittsburg,  25  WNW. 
from  Brownsville,  32  ENE.  from  Wlieeling. 
Pop.  1,816.  It  is  a  flourishing  town,  and  con- 
tains a  court-house,  a  jail,  2  printing.otHccs,  a 
college,  and  various  public  buildings  und  man- 
ufacturing cstablisiimtnts.  It  is  situated  in  a 
fertile,  well  cultivated,  but  broken  country. 
Washington  College,  at  this  place,  was  founded 
in  1806.  It  has  a  large  stone  edifice  of  3  sto- 
ries, for  the  accommodation  of  students.  The 
library  and  philosophical  apparatus  are  valua- 
ble. The  officers  are  a  president  und  2  profes- 
sors, one  of  languages  and  one  of  mathemati- 
cal and  natural  philosophy.  Commencement 
is  on  the  last  Thursday  in  September,  after 
which  there  is  a  vacation  till  the  first  of  No- 
vember. The  course  of  collegiate  education  is 
completed  here  in  3  years. 

WASHINGTON,  t  York  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,037. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
5,181. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Indiana  co.  Pa.  Pop. 
1,125. 

WASHINGTON,  t  Fayette  co.  Pa.    Pop. 
2  919. 
'  WASHINGTON,  t  Westmoreland  co.  Pa. 
on  E.  side  of  the  Alleghany.    Pop.  2,153. 

W.\SHINGTON,  V,  Lancaster  co.  Pa.  on 
E.  bank  of  the  Susquehannah,  3  m.  below  Co- 
lumbia.   Pop.  607. 

WASHINGTON,  co.  SE.  part  of  Ohio. 
Pop.  1,207.    Chief  town.  Marietta. 

WASHINGTON,  t  and  cap.  Fayette  co. 
Ohio,  30  m.  NW.  from  Ciiillicothe,  40  SW. 
from  Columbus,  422  from  W.    Pop.  300. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Miami  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  Great  Miami,  4  m.  N.  from  Troy. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  10 
m.  E.  from  Cambridge. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Montgomery  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  2,282. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Preble  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
2,015. 

WASHINGTON,  t  Clermont  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  2,085. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Franklin  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  351. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  1,338. 

WASHINGTON,  co.  Va.  bounded  S.  by 
N.  Carolina,  W.  by  Scott  co.  Va.  NW.  by 
Russell,  N.  by  Tazewell,  NE.  by  Wytlie,  and 
SE.  by  Grayson.  Length  50  m.  mean  width 
17.    Pop.  15,614.    Chief  town,  Abington. 

WASHINGTON,  NW.  co.  of  the  District 
of  Columbia,  bounded  SE.  by  the  city  of  Wash- 
ington and  Georgetown,  SW.  by  Potomac 
river,  Wr  and  N.  by  Maryland,  and  E.  by 
East  Branch,  or  Anacostia  river.  Surface 
hilly,  and  soil  of  middling  quality.  Pop.  in 
1820,  2,729 ;  in  1830,  30,858. 


430 


WAS— WAS 


Burlington  co.  N.  J. 
Union  co.  I'a.     Pop. 


If 


WASHINGTON,  t. 

WASHINcnON,  t. 
1,107. 

WASHINGTON  (JITY,  nipital  of  the 
United  States,  Bitiiafcd  on  tiie  I(:ft  bnnli  of  tlic 
Potomac,  and  tJie  ri>rht  banit  of  tlio  Anacostia, 
in  lat.  .3H  54';  Ion.  I's,  Iwing  intrndcd  (or  n 
first  meridian.  The  Tybcr  rims  throii(;h  the 
middle  of  tlje  city,  and  may  be  conveyed  to 


the  hijrji  ground  on  wliieh  the  Capitol  standH ; 
iiiiil  the  water  of  the  Tyher  and  {\\r  Reedy 
Urniieli  may  !«■  eonveyc^d  to  the  Ca|>itol  and 
(hi'  i'rcHident's  I  louse.  The  avenues,  and  such 
stri'i'(s  as  lead  immediately  to  puhlie  plaei  s, 
are  from  I'M)  to  l(i((  leet  wide,  divided  into 
foot-ways,  and  walks  of  trees,  and  carriage- 
ways.  The  others  arc  of  various  widths,  from 
70  to  110  feet :  the  avermes  and  streets  of  100 


WASHINGTON,  AND  ITS  ENVIKONS. 


feet  and  upwards,  have  foot-waya  of  20  feet 
wide ;  those  under  100  and  over  80,  have  foot- 
ways 17  feet  wide ;  and  under  80  feet,  12  feet 
foot-ways.  The  ground  on  which  the  city 
stands,  was  ceded  by  the  state  of  Maryland  to 
the  U.  States  in  full  sovereignty,  and  the  i)ro- 
prietors  of  the  soil  surrendered  their  lands  (o  be 
laid  out  as  a  city,  gave  up  one-half  to  the  U.  S. 
and  subjected  other  parts  to  be  sold  to  raise 
money  as  a  donation  to  be  employed  and  consti- 
tute a  fund  for  the  public  buildings.  The  build- 
ings belonging  to  the  U.  States,  arc,  1.  The 
Capitol :  This  is  a  magnificent  structure  of  the 
Corinthian  order.    It  is  situated  on  the  west- 


!  cm  extremity  of  Capitol  Square,  73  feet  above 
the  tidewater  of  the  Potomac.  The  eminence 
commands  a  fine  view  of  the  city,  the  river, 
and  the  surrounding  country  :  (li  m.  W.  is  the 
President's  House  and  other  public  edifices.) 
The  Capitol  is  of  white  freestone,  composed  of 
a  central  edifice  and  two  wings,  and  is  of  the 
following  dimensions :  Length  of  front  3,')0  feet, 
depth  of  wings  121,  east  projection  65,  west  do. 
83,  height  of  wings  to  top  of  biJustrade  70,  do.  to 
top  of  centre  dome  120,  length  of  Representa- 
tives' Hall  95,  height  do.  60,  length  of  Senate 
j  Chamber  74,  height  do,  42,  diameter  of  Ro- 
I  tunda  90,  height  do.  90.   The  Representatives' 


TJIK  CAPITOL,  AT  WASHINGTON. 


Chamber  is  a  magnificent  semicircular  apart- 
ment, supported  by  blnish  jwlished  stone  col- 
umns, lighted  from  alwve.  In  the  centre  of  the 
building  is  the  Rotunda,  90  feet  in  diameter, 
and  tiie  same  number  of  feet  in  height.  It  is 
ornamented  with  national  paintings,  represent- 
ing the  surrender  at  Saratoga  and  Yorktown, 


the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  Wash- 
ington Resigning  his  Commission.  Each  of 
these  paintings  is  12  feet  by  18.  There  are 
also  relievos  in  marble  representing  Pocahon- 
tas rescuing  Capt.  Smith  from  death,  the  land- 
ing of  the  pilgrims  at  Plymouth,  one  of  Penn's 
treaties  with  the  Indians,  and  a  buttle  between 


WAS— WAS 


i:n 


lUwn  and  two  IndiiiiiR.  'I'liis  noble  unci  map- 
iiificent  iipartnicnt  in  ut'  wliili^  niiirlilr,  and 
li^'htcd  from  the  dome.  Mvu  on  llic  jii'dinii'nf 
Hccin  dwindled  to  ntoniH,  nnd  the  ulijjhtest 
noiso  creates  eclim's,  wliieli  reverlierate  n|K)n 
file  ear  with  u  prand  and  snrprisin;''  ctlect. 
The  foundation  of  the  north  winy  wan  liiid  in 
the  prcHcncc  of  (Jen.  VVaNhin)rtf)n  in  171''^,  and 
that  of  the  centre  in  IHIH,  on  the  anniverwary 
of  its  destruction    hy  tlie    British   in    IHI  i. 


The  hnildinjr  covefB  nfnrly  2  acroB,  and  the 
s(|u.ire  in  front  eontaiiiH  '2'^i  acrcH,  conipro- 
hendiiijf  a  cireiiniferenee  of  over  -j  of  a  mile; 
inel()«<ed  hy  an  iron  railing',  with  neat  gate- 
ways and  ffravel-walkH,  l)ordered  witli  ithrnbH 
and  tlowers,  tbrniin(r  a  delightfnl  prnnirnade. 
Pennsylvania  Avenue  is  the  principal  street  in 
Washinjrton,  extending  from  the  west  front  of 
the  Capitol  to  the  Frrftident's  House.  The 
cost  of  the  Capitol  was  «a,5i)6,500.    2.  The 


PRESIUKNTS  HOUSE,  AT  WASIllNOTo.V. 


President's  House,  built  of  freestone,  2  stories 
high,  of  the  Ionic  order,  and  distant  from  tlie 
Capitol  about  li  ni.  3.  Four  buildings,  erect- 
ed in  a  line  E.  and  W.  of  the  PresidcMit's 
House,  for  the  accommodation  of  the  ])rincipal 
departments  of  government,  and  subordinate 
offices  :  the  whole  arc  of  brick,  2  stories  high, 
with  freestone  basements,  and  covered  with 
slate;  the  2  new  ones  arc  handsome  edifices, 
with  freestone  porticoes  on  the  N.  front,  in  the 
Ionic  order.  4.  The  General  Post-(  )llico  is  a 
large  brick  edifice,  nearly  a  mile  nortli-wcst  of 
the  Capitol,  in  which  arc  kept  tlio  offices  of  the 
post-office  establishment,  the  (iencnil  I/and- 
Office,  and  the  Patent  Office,  in  v/hich  more 
than  2,000  patents  are  shown,  among  which 
are  a  great  many  useful  and  useless  inventions. 
The  Navy  Yard  is  situated  on  the  Eastern 
Branch,  and  has  all  the  apj)urtenances  for 
building  ships  of  the  largest  size.  The  City 
Hall  is  251  feet  long  by  50  in  breadth.  Con- 
gress' Library  is  now  kept  in  the  Capitol,  and 
contains  from  8  to  10,000  volumes.  The  Co- 
lumbian (yollege  has  an  extent  of  117  feet  by 
47,  is  situated  on  elevated  ground,  and  is  a 
lofty  building,  calculated  to  accommodate  100 
students.  There  are  a  number  of  other  public 
buildings,  and  14  houses  of  public  worship. 
There  ore  also  a  City  Library,  Medical,  Bo- 
tanical, Clerks',  Benevolent,  Masonic,  Orphan, 
Bible,  Dorcas,  Missionary,  and  Tract  Socie- 
ties, Columbian  Institute,  and  otlier  institu- 
tions. Education  is  not  overlooked,  as  is 
evinced  by  the  numerous  academies  and 
schools  which  are  established.  Beside  the 
Columbian  College,  adjoining  the  city,  there  is 
a  large  Catholic  Theological  Seminary  in  the 
city,  connected  with  which  is  a  school  for  the 
general  education  of  youth.  An  extensive 
window-glass  manufactory,  which  supplies  the 
market,  and  exports  to  a  considerable  amount ; 
five  very  extensive  taverns,  with  accommoda- 


tions equal  to  any  of  a  similar  nature;  three 
banks,  a  brancli  of  the  U.  S.  bank,  a  fire  in- 
surance company,  ten  printing-offices,  three 
daily,  and  several  tri-wcekly,  semi-weekly,  and 
weekly  newspapers.  The  seat  of  government 
was  removed  here  in  the  year  1800,  during 
the  presidency  of  John  Adams.  The  city  was 
incorporated  by  an  act  of  congress,  passed  on 
the  3d  of  May,  1802,  by  which  act,  the  ap- 
{wintincnt  of  the  mayor  was  vested  in  the 
president  yearly,  and  the  two  branches  of  the 
council,  elected  by  the  people,  in  a  general 
ticket.  In  a  supplementary  act,  passed  May 
4, 1812,  the  coriKjration  was  made  to  consist 
of  a  mayor,  a  board  of  aldermen,  and  a  board 
of  common  council :  the  board  of  aldermen  to 
consist  of  eight  members,  elected  for  two  years, 
two  to  be  residents  of,  .and  chosen  from,  each 
ward ;  the  board  of  connnon  council  to  consist 
of  twelve,  three  from  each  ward ;  tlie  mayor, 
by  the  joint  ballot  of  the  two  boards,  to  serve 
for  one  year.  By  a  new  charter,  granted  by 
congress  on  the  15th  May,  1820,  it  is  provided 
that  the  mayor  shall  be  elected  by  the  people, 
to  serve  two  years,  from  the  second  Monday  in 
June ;  the  board  of  aldermen  to  consist  of  two 
members  from  each  ward,  elected  for  two 
years,  and  are,  ex-otficio,  justices  of  the  peace 
for  the  whole  county.  Population. — Washing- 
ton contained  in  1810,  8,208  inhabitants;  in 
1820,  K< ,247;  in  1830,  18,827. 

WASHINGTON,  v.  Culpeper  co.  Va. 

WASHINGTON,  co.  central  part  of  Ken- 
tucky.    Pop.  19,017.    Chief  town,  Springfield. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  and  cap.  Mason  co. 
Ken.  3  m.  SW.  from  Maysville,  60  NE.  from 
Lexington,  482  from  W.  Pop.  868.  It  con- 
tains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  and  a 
printing-office. 

WASHINGTON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Davies  co.  In.  between  the  two  main  branches 
of  White  river,  20  m.  SE.  by  E.  from  Vincen 


m'2 


VVA!*-VVAT 


liUt. 


iiRM,  and  103  8SVV.  from  Iiidiunii|(oliH. 
3«^  40'  N. 

WASIIIN(i'r()N,  CO.  II.  Iwundnd  by  Ran- 
doljili  S.  St.  ('l;iir  \V.  MiidwDii  mid  Koiwl  N. 
iiikI  JrtVi'iHoii  K.  It  JM  30  III.  Hqll^r(^  Kuh- 
knHkiiiM  river  ihihmch  olilu|iu-ly  tliroii^h  it. 
(.lliiri'tnwii,  Coviii^rtoii.  Fo|>.  in  IHUU,  1/>17; 
in  1H30,  1,(174. 

WASrilN(i'r()N,co.  Miso.  S.  Ooni  Frank- 
lin,  nnd  S\V.  t'roui  JetVerHoii  and  St.dcncvicvr. 
It  lii's  on  til)'  licadH  of  Hi^  lihick,  (Snsconiidc, 
!\Iiiruni((U,iiiid  St.  Francis  rivers.  I'op.  (),7'J7. 
Cliii'f  town,  I'olosi. 

WASIIINtJTON,  CO.  central  port  of  Gcor- 
gi.i.     Toil.  !»,S-iO.    (Iiicf  town,  SiindcrHville. 

WASIIINdTON,  t.  and  cap.  VVUkcs  co. 
(ico.  on  Kttlle  crook,  a  brancjj  of  Little  river, 
.')0  in.  WNVV.  trorn  AnRUHta,  58  N.  by  W. 
from  Louisville,  fiat.  .'«='  12'  N.  It  is  a 
ll(Mirisliin;r  town,  regularly  laid  out,  handsome- 
ly l)uilt,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  u 
bank,  and  a  tlourishin|r  academy.  A  newspa- 
per is  pnl)lisht'd  here. 

VVASIIIN(J'l't)N,  CO.  in  E.  end  of  East 
'I'emusHee.  I'op.  in  1W20,  !>,.')57 ;  in  1830, 
lO,I)i).').  I'liief  town,  .ToiH3Hboron{rii.  A  semi- 
nary,  styled  Wasliinirtou  College,  has  been 
establirihcd  in  this  county,  b  m.  SW.  from 
Joneslwrougli. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  and  cap.  Rhea  co.  Ten. 
near  the  TcnJicssee,  about  3.5  rn.  W.  from  Tel- 
lico,  7.)  SVV.  from  Knoxville,  .WS  from  VV. 

WASHINGTON,  t.  Adams  co.  Mis.  on  St. 
Catherine's  crock,  20  m.  from  its  mouth,  fi  E. 
from  Natchez.  It  contains  a  court-house  and 
jiiil,  and  was  Cor  15  years  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment for  Mississippi.  It  has  a  healthy  and 
pleasant  situation  in  the  most  wealthy  and 
popidous  part  of  the  state.  It  has  excellent 
water,  ."ind  unites  many  advantages  as  a  sum- 
mer" residence.  St.  Catherine's  creek  is  navi- 
gable for  boats  at  high-water.  Jefferson  (^ol- 
lege,  in  this  town,  was  incorporated  in  1802. 
A  large  edifice,  170  feet  by  40,  was  erected  for 
the  acconniiodation  of  students.  The  institu- 
tion has  not  as  yet  taken  a  higher  rank  than 
a  respectable  academy. 

WASHINGTON,  co.  In.  bounded  by  Floyd 
SE.  Harrison  S.  Orange  and  Lawrence  W. 
White  river  or  Jackson  N.  and  Scott  E. 
Ii<mgth  24  m.  width  20.  Chief  town,  Salem. 
Pop.  in  1820,  0,03!);  in  1830, 13,072. 

WASHINGTON,  co.  Al.  bounded  by  Mis- 
sissippi  W.  Choctaw  country  N.  Tombigbce 
river  E.  and  Baldwin  co.  in  Al.  S.  Length  50 
m.  20  mean  width.  Surface  moderately  hilly, 
and  soil,  except  in  a  few  places  near  the 
streams,  sterile,  and  covered  generally  with 
pine.    Chief  town,  St.  Stephens.    Pop.  3,478. 

WASHINGTON,  C.  H.  and  t.  on  the  smaU 
river  Sinta  Bogue,  Washington  co.  Al.  12  m. 
NW.  from  Fort  St.  Stephens,  and  75  N.  from 
Mobile. 

WASHINGTON,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Autauga  co.  Al.  on  the  right  bank  of  Alabama 
river,  at  the  mouth  of  Autauga  creek,  23  m. 
above  Cahawba.    Lat.  32°  24'  N. 

WASHINGTON,  parish  of  La.  bounded  by 
Mississippi   N.  Pearl  river  E.  parish  of  St 


'I'aiiiuny  S,  and  Tangipao  river  or  St.  Ileli* 
iia  W.  L(Miglli  ir>  III.  mean  width  22.  Siir- 
tiiee  iiuNJeniti'ly  liiliy,  and  Moil  geiieriilly  mIc. 
rill',  and  eoverctl  with  pine  timlMr.  l'o|),  in 
|H:.'(),  2,.'.17;  in  lW.10,  2,2H(i.  Chief  town, 
Friiiiklintnn. 

WASHINGTON  HOLLOW,  v.  DutcheHs 
CO.  N.  Y.  on  Wiippiiiger's  creek,  12  m.  Ni;. 
I'roni  Poiiglikec  psie. 

WASSAW  1S!,AN!),  flrfnt,  isl.  in  the 
Atluiiti(',  near  thi'  coast  of  (Jeorgia,  IG  m.  in 
cireiimterenee.     Lat.  .'J2^  52'  N. 

WASSAW  ISLAND,  I.illU,  M.  in  the  At- 
lantie,  near  the  coast  of  Georgia,  SW.  of  (ireat 
Wassaw. 

AVASSAW  SOUND,  bay  on  the  coast  of 
(Jeorgiii,  between  Great  VVassaw  Island  aii<l 
Tybee  Island. 

WATAIl<;A,r.  which  rises  in  N.  C.  and 
runs  into  tlic  Holston  in  Tennessee. 

WATCH  POINT,  capo  on  E.  coast  of  K. 
Island.     Lat.  4P  l.'l'  N. 

WATEIIHOROIIGH,  t.  York  co.  Me.  25 
m.  from  New  York,  110  NNE.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,HI(;. 

WAT10KBr'l{Y,t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  on 
Onion  river,  12  in.  NW.  from  Mont|)elier. 
I'op.  IfirtO,  Wiiterbury  river  flows  through 
this  town  into  Onion  river. 

WATKUBUIIY,  t.  Now  Haven  co.(;t.  20 
III.  NNW.  from  New  Haven,  325  from  W. 
Pop.  3,070. 

WATER  EE,  r.  which  rises  in  N.  C.  where 
it  is  called  the  C'atawba.  It  passe  s  into  S.  C. 
and  unites  with  the  Congaree,  to  form  the 
Sanfee. 

WATERFORD,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  12  m. 
SW.  from  Paris.    Pop.  1,123. 

WATERFORD,  formerly  Littleton,  t.  C;.l. 
edonia  co.  Vt.  on  the  Connecticut,  14  m.  E. 
from  Danville,  40  E.  Montpelicr.     Pop.  1,358. 

WATERFORD,  t.  New  London  co.  Ct.  4 
111.  NW.  from  New  London.    Pop.  2,475. 

WATERFORD,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.Y.  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Hud.son,  4  m.  N.  from 
Troy,  10  N.  from  Albany.  It  contains  a  bank, 
and  2  houses  for  public  worship,  is  a  flourish- 
ing village,  regularly  laid  out,  and  has  an  ex- 
tensive trade.    Pop.  1,473. 

WATERFORD,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J. 
JPop.  3,088. 

WATERFORD,  t.  Mifflin  co.  Pa.  It  is 
situated  on  Tuscarora  creek,  in  the  SW.  part 
of  the  county. 

WATERFORD,  or  Le  Bocuf,  t.  Erie  co.  Pa. 
on  French  creek,  15  m.  SSE.  from  Erie.  It 
is  a  flourishing  town,  contains  an  academy, 
and  has  considerable  trade.    Pop.  554. 

WATERFORD,  t.  Loudon  ca  Va.  42  m. 
from  W. 

WATERFORD,  t.  Washington  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  Muskingum,  22  m.  obove  Morietta. 

WATERLOO,  V.  and  seat  of  justice,  Sene- 
ca CO.  N.  Y.  on  Seneca  river  at  its  falls,  5  m. 
NE.  and  below  Geneva.  It  is  a  thriving  vil- 
lage, containing  the  county  buildings,  a  news- 
paper printing-oflice,  and  about  50  houses. 
Lat.  42°. 

WATERLOO,  t.  Monroe  co.  II.       . 


t.  llcio 

I.    Hiif 
ully  Htc- 

rii|).  ill 

if  town, 

III.  NK. 

.   ill  tlie 
l(i  III.   ill 

n  tlic  At- 
.  ot'(»rfat 

counI  ol' 
slaiicl  aiul 

N.  ('.  and 

oast  of  R. 

10.  Mr.  2.1 

)lll    IJoKtOIl. 

CO.  Vt.  on 
Montpclii'r. 

VH    tllTOUjrIl 

1  co.(;t.  20 
.')  from  VV. 

!V.  r.  where 
s  into  S.  C. 
.0  form  tlio 

Mc.  12  m. 

(ton,  t.  C.il- 
,  14  m.  E. 
Pop.  l.S-W. 

on  CO.  Ct.  4 

.  a,nr). 

to.  N.Y.  on 
m.  N.  from 
.ains  a  banl<, 
s  a  flourish- 
has  an  ex- 

co.  N.  J. 

Pa.     It  is 
he  SW.  part 

.  Erie  co.  Pa. 
im  Erie.  It 
an  academy, 
,554. 

Va.  42  m. 

I  CO.  Ohio,  on 
Irietta. 

Bustice,  Senc- 
Its  falls,  5  m. 
T  thriving  vil- 
lings,  a  news- 
It  50  houses. 

11.       • 


WAT— WAY 


WATER'I'OVVN,  I.  Midtll.-Hfx  co.  Ma>.H.oir 
C'liarliH  river,  7  in.  NV.  Iiy  N.  from  llonloii. 
Pop.  I,t)4l.  It  is  a  |>lcB<<;iiit  town,  mid  con- 
laiim  a  pii|U'r-iiiill,  iiiid  <'(ittr)ii  iiiid  w(m)II('II 
inniiiitiictoricN,  mid  a  I'.S.  nrrii'iml. 

vvATi;i{'ro\vN,t.  i.itciiri.id  mct.  12  m. 

SSH.  from  l.itclitii  Id.     i'op.  I,.'>l)ll. 

VVA'I'KICI'OWN,  I.  mid  cap.  J.  tVrrnon  co. 
N.  Y.  lit  Ihc  iiioiilh  of  Hindi  river,  I','  in.  from 
S;ickcl'H  lliirlior,  H(l  N\V.  from  I'ticii,  tlL' in. 
from  W.  I'op.  ■l,7t>H.  It  rontniiis  a  coiirt- 
)iou>>c,  a  jiiil,  u  pii|N'r-iiiill,  iind  otlicr  valiiiililc 
iiiills.  ItiH  a  lloiirinhiiiir  touii,  inula  jilacc  of 
d(|)osit  lor  the  military  NtorcH  of  N.  Y.  A 
wiu'klv  newNpa|M'r  Ih  piililit<li('d  lure. 

WATEUVUJ.H,  t.  KeiiiKdiecl;  co.  Me.  on 
W.  (tide  of  the  Kennehei'k,  op|K)Milc  Wiimlow, 
IH  III.  N.  (rom  Auiriista,  iH;"*  NNE.  from  Hos- 
ton.  I'op.  2,2Hi.  It  is  a  jileiiMiiit  and  tloiirish- 
in(T  town ;  tlii;  priiii'ipal  villil^rc  is  finely  Hitiiii- 
ted  at  the  head  of  boat  iiavifriition,  oppo-^ite 
Teconic  FallH,  which  presciii  a  heinititul  can- 
cade.  It  contains  a  Imnk,  and  Iiiih  a  conHidera- 
hlo  trade,  and  is  very  favorably  situuted  lor 
nliip-bnilding.  It  is  an  excellent  agricultural 
town,  and  is  situated  in  a  very  fertile  tract  of 
country. 

VVATKRVILLE,  flourishing  village  in  San- 
gcrfield,  N.  Y. 

VVATERVILLE,  v.  Stamford,  N.Y. 
VVATERVLIET,  t.  Albany  co.  N.  Y.  on 
W.  side  of  the  Hudson,  and  on  S.  side  of  the 
Mohawk,  6  m.  N.  from  Albany.     Pop.  4,!)f)5. 

WATKINS  POINT,  caiw  on  SW.  coast  of 
Md.  in  the  Chesapeake.     I,at.  37°  5!)'  N. 

WATKINSVII,LE,  v.  Ann-Aruiidel  co. 
Md.  37  111.  from  W. 

WATKINSVIT.LE,  v.  Centre  co.  Pa. 
VVATKINSVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  (^larkc  co. 
Georgia,  7  m.  S.  from  Athens,  i)0  VVNW.  from 
Augusta,  623  from  W.     It  contains  a  court- 
house and  jail. 

WA'ITSBOROUGH,  v.  Lunenburg  co.  Va. 
WAT're  ISLAND,  small  isl.  on  theChesa- 
peake.     Lon.  76°  3'  W. ;  lat.  37°  54'  N. 
WAUGHSBURGH,  v.  Stokes  co.  N.C. 
WAYNE,  t  Kcnnebeck  co.  Me.  20  m.  W. 
from  Augusta,  294  NNE.  from  Boston,  650 
from  W.     Pop.  1,153. 

WAYNE,  t.  Steuben  eo.  N.Y.  15  m.  E. 
from  Bath. 

WAYNE,  CO.  NE.  corner  of  Pa.  bourdef 
N.  by  N.  Y.,  E.  by  the  Delaware,  which  sepa- 
rates it  from  New  Jersey,  S.  by  Northampton 
CO.  and  W.  by  Luzerne  and  Suso'Tchannah  cos. 
Pop.  in  1820,  4,127;  in  1830,  V,663.    Chief 
town,  Bethany. 
WAYNE,  t.  Crawford  co.  Pa.    Pop.  250. 
WAYNE,  CO.  in  the  interior  part  of  Ohio. 
Chief  town,  Wooster.     Pop.  23,344. 

WAYNE,  t  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.    Pop. 
1,060. 
WAYNE,  t  Jefferson  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,893. 
WAYNE,  t.  Knox  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  1,046. 
WAYNE,  t  Montgomery  co.  Ohio.    Pop. 

WAYNE,  t.  Pickaway  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  959. 
WAYNE,  t.  Scioto  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,157. 
3E 


4»3 
Pop. 


WAYNK,  t.  TufcaruwuH  ca  Ohio. 
I,(t7-J. 

WA  YNi;,  CO.  on  E.  side  of  the  Indiana  r. 
(Iiief  towns,  Salisbury  and  Centreville.  Pop. 
:J,.'i(;-J. 

WAVNK,  ro.  cmlriil  jmrt  of  N.  (;.  Pop. 
1(),II0'J.     Chief  town,  W'liyiiesUiroiijjh. 

WAYNK,  ro.  S.  hide  of  Kenliuky.  Pop. 
8,731.     Chii  r  town,  .Moiitiedlo. 

WAYMl.  t.  Wiiviieeo.  Ken. 

WAVNK,  t.  Wiiyiie  CO.  Ten. 

WAVNi;,  CO.  Ten.  luiiiiidcd  by  Louderdalc 
CO.  in  Al.  S.  Hardin  co.  Tin.  W.  I'erry  N.iind 
Lawrciici!  E.  Length  24  iii.  width  21.  Chief 
town,  Wayncslwrough.  Pop.  in  lf20,  2,459; 
in  1K{(»,  6,(113. 

WAVNK,  eo.  Mis.  lioundcd  by  Al.  E. 
(ireenc!  co.  in  Mis.  S.  Covingtoi  W.  and  the 
Choctaw  ci  intry  N.  Length  .32  >n.  wi«lth  30. 
It  is  drainei'  by  tli"  ('hiekusawh.  y,  and  other 
branches  c'  Pascanfoula  river.  Chief  town, 
Winchcstcv.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,323;  in  1830, 
2,778. 

WAYNp;  CO.  Geo.  bounded  by  Gly..n  SF. 
Camden  and  vlpplinp  S.  vppling  n-  T.'tnuji 
VV.  and  Altaniaha  NE.  Length  4  >n.  iican 
width  25.  Pop.  962.  Chiqf  tovi  ,/a' ncs- 
ville. 

WAYNE,  CO.  II.  bor.nde  1  iiy  Jolinson  or'. 
Union  S.  Jackson  and  nu  •  olph  VV.  Jetfcrfioi'i 
N.  and  White  and  Gi  latin  ".  Length  36  m. 
width  24.     Pop.  in  18J0,  111 ;  in  1830,  2,.562. 

WAYNK,  CO.  Miso.  W.  from  Wasliington 
and  Franklin,  and  on  tlie  sources  of  Gascon- 
ade river.  Pop.  in  1820,  1,<43;  in  1830,  3,254. 

WAYNE,  eo.  Mich,  bounded  by  Detroit 
river  and  St.  Clair  lake  SE.  M'Comb  co.  NE. 
Oakhnd  NW.  and  Mo.i/'oo  SW.  ond  S.  It  is 
principally  drained  by  the  Riviere  Rouge. 
Chief  town,  Detroit.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,574;  in 
1830,  4,565. 

WAYNESBOROUGII,  t.  and  cap.  Greene 
CO.  Pa.  22  in.  S.  from  Washington,  51  SSW. 
from  Pittsburg.     Pop.  1,130. 

WAYNESBOROUGII,  t.  Augusta  co.  Va. 
12  ni.  i-.^''  from  Staunton.  It  is  a  pleasant 
and  th...     (4  town. 

WAYNESBOROUGH,  t.  and  cap.  Wayne 
CO.  N.  C.  on  the  Ncuse,  50  m.  SE.  from  Ra- 
Ici^h,  337  from  W. 

vv^AYNESBOROUGH,  t.  and  cap.  Burke 
1.  Geo.  24  m.  ENE.  from  Louisville,  28  SSW. 
from  Augusta,  about  100  NW.  from  Savan- 
nail,  689  from  W.  It  is  situated  on  Brier 
Creek,  about  14  m.  from  the  Savannah,  and 
contains  a  conrt-housc,  a  jail,  an  academy,  2 
houses  of  public  worship,  1  for  Presbyterians, 
and  1  for  Methodists,  and  50  dwelling-houses. 

WAYNESBURG,  t.  Franklin  co.  Pa.  situ- 
ated  9  m.  E.  of  Greencastle,  SE.  part  of  the  co. 

WAYNESVILLE,  v.  Warren  co.  Ohio,  on 
the  Little  Miami,  40  m.  NE.  from  Cincinnati. 
It  is  inhabited  chiefly  by  Friends,  who  have  a 
large  brick  meeting-house,  80  feet  by  40.  Pop. 
439. 

WAYNESVILLE,  t.  Lycoming  co.  Pa.  on 
W.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  ^  m.  below 
Pine  Creek. 


434 


WAY— WES 


fM  ■ 


WAYNESVILLE,  v.  Haywood  co.  N.  C. 

WEARE,  t.  Hillsborouffh  co.  N.  11. 15  id. 
NNVV.  from  Amlierst,  55  W.  from  Portsmouth. 
Pop.  2,430.  It  is  a  large  and  valuable  a^jri- 
cultu'al  town,  and  contains  3  houses  of  public 
worship,  and  a  cotton  manufactory. 

WEATHERSFIELD,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt 
on  W.  bank  of  Connecticut  river,  opposite 
Claremont,  9  m.  S.  by  W.  from  Windsor.  Pop, 
2,213.     It  is  a  considerable  town. 

WEATHERSFIELD.    Sec  Wethersfielil. 

WEATHERSFIELD,  t.  Trumbull  co.Ohio, 
on  tlie  Mahoning.  It  contains  a  forge  and 
furnace,  where  bar-iron  and  hoUow-warc  are 
made  to  considerable  extent.    Pop.  1,066. 

WEBHAMET,  r.  Mc.  runs  into  tlie  AUan- 
tic,  in  Wells. 

WEEBOTUCK,  r.  branch  of  the  Housa- 
tonnuc.  It  rises  in  NE.  part  of  N.  Y.  and  joins 
the  Housatonnuc  in  Connecticut. 

WELBY,  V.  Prince'  George  co.  Md.  8  m. 
from  W. 

WELD,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.    Pop.  766. 

WELLFLEET,  t.  and  s-p.  Barnstable  co. 
Mass.  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  31  m.  ENE. 
from  Barnstable-  97  SE.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
2,044. 

WELLINGTON,  t.  Bristol  co.  Mass.  on 
W.  side  of  Taunton  river,  2  m.  N.  from  Digh- 
ton,  3  S.  from  Taunton,  35  S.  from  Boston.  It 
contains  a  paper-mill,  and  several  woollen  and 
cotton  manufactories. 

WELLS,  t  York  co.  Me.  12  m.  NNE.  from 
York,  30  SW.  from  Portland,  88  NNE.  from 
Boston.  Pop.  2,977.  It  is  separated  from 
Arundel  by  the  river  Kennebunk,  at  the  mouth 
of  which  is  the  village  and  seaport  of  Kenne- 
bunk. 

WELLS,  t  Hamilton  co.  N.  Y.    Pop.  340, 

WELLS,  v.  Beaufort  co.  S.  C. 

WELLS,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  50  m.  N.  from 
Bennington.    Pop.  880. 

WELLS,  V.  Beaufort  district,  S.C. 

WELLS,  t.  Montgomery  co.  N.  Y.  40  m 
N.  from  Johnstown. 

WELLS,  r.  Vt.  rises  in  Groton,  and  runs 
into  the  Connecticut,  N.  of  Newbury. 

WELLSBOROUGH,  v.  and  scat  of  justice', 
Tioga  CO.  Pa.  on  the  heigla  of  land  between 
the  sources  of  Pine  creek  and  tl.'i  W.  Branch 
of  Susquehannah,  about  50  m.  a  i.'ttle  W.  of 
N.  from  William  sport. 

WELLSBURG,  L  and  seat  of  j  ustice,  Br  joke 
CO.  Va.  on  the  bank  of  Ohio  river,  above;  the 
mouth  of  Buffalo  creek,  15  m.  above  Wliecl- 
ing,  and  280  from  W.  It  contains  about  1,200 
inhabitants,  and  some  manufactories. 

WELLS'  CREEK,  r.  Ken.  runs  into  tlie 
Ohio  river. 

WELLS  FALLS,  cataract  in  the  river  Del- 
aware, 13  m.  NW.  from  Trenton. 

WELLS'  PASSAGE,  inlet  on  the  NW. 
coast  of  America,  branching  off  from  Brough- 
ton's  archipelago. 

WELLS  RIVER,  v.  Orange  co.  Vt.  48  m. 
NE.  from  Montpelier. 

WELLSVILIiE,  V.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio, 
171  m.  NE.  from  Columbus. 

WENDELL,  formerly  Saville,  t.  Cheshire 


CO.  N.  H.  22  m.  NE.  from  Charleston,  and  38 
WNW.  from  ('oncord. 

WENDELL,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  13  m.  E. 
from  Greenfield,  and  80  W.  from  Boston. 

WENDOVER,  t.  Buckingham  co.  L.C.  on 
the  St.  Francis,  25  ni.  S.  from  Three  Rivers. 

WENDHAM,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  6  m.  N. 
from  Salem,  21  NE.  from  Boston.     Pop.  611'. 

WEN  LOCK,  t.  Essex  co.  Vt.  65  m.  NE. 
from  Montpelier. 

WENTWORTH,  t.  Graflon  co.  N.  H.  15  m. 
NW.  from  Plymouth,  58  NN  W.  from  Concord. 
Pop.  i)24. 

WENTWORTH,  t.  York  co,L.C.  43  m. 
W.  from  Montreal. 

WENTWORTH,  v.  Rockingham  co.  N.C. 
10  m.  E.  from  Danbury,  and  126  m.  NW.  from 
Raleigh. 

WENTWORTH  MOUNTAINS,  range  in 
N.  H,  extending  from  Bethlehem  on  tlie  Con- 
necticut to  the  White  Mountains.  Height 
about  3,000  feet 

WESLEY,  western  t  Washington  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  495. 

WEST,  t.  Columbiana  co.  Ohio.  Pop.  1,491. 

WEST  ALEXANDRIA,  small  v.  on  the 
U.  S.  road,  Washington  co.  Pa.  16  m.  W.  from 
Washington,  and  14  a  little  N.  of  E.  from 
Wheeling. 

WEST  ALMOND,  v.  Alleghany  co.  N.  Y. 

WEST  BARNSTABLE,  V.  Barnstable  co. 
Mass.  68  m.  SSE.  from  Boston. 

WEST  BAY,  bay  at  W.  extremity  of  Lake 
Superior.    Lon.  91°  45'  W. ;  lat.  46°  45'  N. 

WEST  BECKET,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  30 
m.  W.  from  Northampton,  and  153  W.  from 
Boston. 

WEST  BEDFORD,  v.  Coshocton  co.  Ohio, 
84  m.  NE.  from  Columbus. 

WEST  BLOOMFIELD,  v. Ontario  co.  N.Y. 

12  m.  W.  from  Canandaigua. 
WESTBOROUGH,  t  Worcester  co.  Mass. 

13  m.  E.  from  Worcester.     Pop.  1,438. 
WEST  BOYLESTON,  t.  on  Nashau  river, 

Worcester  co.  Mass.  49  in.  Vy.  from  Bosto^i. 
Pop.  1,053. 

WEST  BRADFORD,  t.  Essex  co.  Mass.  29 
m.  N.  from  Boston. 

WEST  BREWSTER,  t.  Barnstable  co. 
Mass.  20  m.  SE.  from  Plymouth,  and  60  from 
BostOM. 

WEST  BRIDGEWATER,  t.  Plymouth  co. 
Mass.  34  m.  S.  from  Boston. 

WEST  BROOK,  v.  Middlesex  co.Ct.  43  m. 
SSE.  from  Hartford. 

WEST  BROOK,  v.  Bladen  co.  N.  C.  135  m. 
S.  from  Raleigh. 

WEST  BROOKFIELD,  t  Wcxcester  co. 
Mass.  between  the  two  main  branches  of  Chic 
apec  river,  68  m.  W.  from  Boston. 

WESTBURY,  t  Buckingham  co.  L.C.  80 
m.  SSE.  from  Three  Rivers. 

WEST  CARLISLE,  v.  Coshocton  co.  Ohio, 
87  m.  NE.  from  Columbus. 

WEST-CASTLE,  v.  CasweU  co.  N.C. 

WEST  CAYUGA,  smaU  v.  Seneca  "o.  N.  Y. 
on  the  W.  side  of  Cayuga  Lake,  connected 
with  East  Cayuga  by  a  bridge  316  rods  long. 

WEST-CIlESTER,  co.  SE.  corner  N.  Y 


be 


wi 

fT( 
St< 


# 


WES— WES 


435 


bounded  N.  by  Putnam  co.  Fa  by  ( 'oniiccticHt, 
SE.  and  S.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  W.  by 
New  York  Island  and  the  Hudson.  Pop.  in 
1820,  32,638;  in  1830,  36,456.  Chief  town, 
Bedford. 

WEST-CHESTER,  v.  Middlesex  co.  Ct.  6 
m.  from  Middle  Haddam. 

WEST-CHESTER,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.Y. 
on  East  River,  12  m.  NE.  from  New  York. 
Pop.  3,362.  It  is  watered  by  the  Westchester 
creek  and  Bronx  creek,  and  has  manufactures 
of  paper,  snuff",  paint,  &,c.  Marble  is  found 
here. 

Wr':ST.CHESTER,  bor.  and  cap.  Chester 
CO.  Pa.  24  m.  W.  from  Philadelphia,  115  from 
W.  Tiiis  is  a  very  flourishing  town,  and  has 
had  a  very  rapid  increase  within  the  last  few 
years.  The  population  in  1820,  was  552;  in 
1830,  ],252;  and  in  1831,  estimated  at  1,500. 
It  is  handsomely  laid  out  in  four  squares,  with 
streets  intersecting  in  the  centre,  which  are 
neatly  Macadamized.  It  has  4  houses  for  pub- 
lic worship;  one  is  a  Roman  Catholic  Chapel, 
one  for  Methodists,  and  two  for  Friends.  The 
pubhc  buildings  are  a  courthouse  and  jail, 
with  the  clerks'  offices,  academy,  and  market- 
house.  Here  are  also  a  bank,  a  public  library, 
atlienoium,  cabinet  of  natural  science,  and  an 
excellent  boarding-school  for  girls,  all  of  which 
are  in  a  flourishing  condition.  There  are 
published  in  this  place  5  weekly,  and  one  semi 
monthly  newspaper.  A  rail-road  from  this 
place  communicates  with  the  Columbia  rail- 
road. 

WEST-CHESTER,  v.  Tuscarawas  co.Ohio, 
Pop.  52. 

"    r.  N.J.  which  runs  into 
Lon.  74°57' W.;  lat.  3!»o 


WEST-CREEK, 
the  Delaware  Bay. 
14' N. 

WESTERLO,  t. 
3,220. 

WESTERLY,  v. 


Albany  co.  N.Y.    Pop. 


Merrimack  co.  N.  H. 

WICSTERLY,  t.  Washington  eo.  R.I.  on 
the  E.  side  of  Pawcatuck  river,  opposite  to 
Stonington,  in  Con.  13  m.  W.  of  ('harleston, 
34  from  Newjwrt,  and  20  E.  of  New  London. 
Pop.  1,903.  In  Pi^ckatuck  village,  in  this,  t, 
are  two  banks,  two  academies,  and  a  woollen 
clotli  factory. 

WESTERN,  t.  Worcest^^r  co.  Mass.  22  m. 
SW.  from  Worcester.     Pop.  1,189. 

WESTERN,  t  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  on  the  Mo- 
hn.wk,  5  m.  alwve  Rome.    Pop.  2,419. 

WESTERNPORT,  or  Westport,  v.  Alle- 
ghany  do.  Md.  on  the  left;  bank  of  Potomac  r. 
between  George's  creek  and  Savage  river,  20 
in.  by  land  above  Cumberland. 

WESTERN  STAR,  v.  Medina  co.  Ohio, 
168  m.  NE.  from  Columbus. 

WEST  FAIPLEE,  t  Orange  ca  Vt.  .36  m. 
SR  from  Montpelier.    Pop.  841. 

WEST  FARMS,  v.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y. 
on  Bronx  r.  10  m.  NE,  from  New  York. 

WESTFIELD,  t.  King's  co.  New  Bruns- 
wick,  on  Kennebecasis  Bay. 

WESTFIELD,  t  Orleans  co.  Vt.  52  m.  N. 
from  Montpelier.     Pop.  353. 

WESTFIELD,  t  Richmond  co.  N.  Y.  on 
SUten  Island,  3J  SW.  Riclimond.    Pop.  1,734. 


WESTFIELD,  r.  Mass.  rises  in  Berkshire 
CO.  and  runs  tlirough  Middlcficid,  Westfield, 
and  West  Springfield,  where  it  flows  into  the 
C^onnectient. 

WESTFIELD,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  7  ni. 
W.  from  Springfield,  93  WSW.  irom.  Boston. 
Pop.  2,941.  This  is  a  pleasant  and  excellent 
agricultural  town,  and  has  a  handsome  village, 
containing  a  Congregational  meeting-house,  a 
respectable  and  flourishing  academy,  and  some 
manufactures. 

WESTFIELD,  v.  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  358 
m.  SW.  by  W.  from  Albany. 

WESTFIELD,  t.  Essex  co.  N.J.  8  m.  W. 
from  Elizabethtown.    Pop.  2,492. 

WESTFIELD,  one  of  thuS.  towns  of  Me- 
dina CO.  Ohio.    Pop.  577. 

WESTFIELD,  v.  Delaware  co.  Ohio,  37 
m.  N.  from  Columbus. 

WESTFORD,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  on  the 
E.  side  of  Stony  river,  28  m.  NW.  from  Boston. 
Pop.  1,329. 

WESTFORD,  t.  on  Brown's  river,  in  the 
northern  part  of  Chittenden  co.  Vt.  35  m.  NW. 
from  Mdntpelier.'    Pop.  1,290. 

WESTFORD,  t.  Otsego  co.  N.  Y.  10  m.  SE. 
from  Cooperstown.     Pop.  1,645. 

WEST  FRIENDSHIP,  v.  Ann-Arundel  co. 
Md.  50  m.  from  Annapolis,  and  58  from  W. 

WEST  GREENWICH,  SW.  t.  Kent  co. 
R.  I.  18  m.  SW.  from  Providence.   Pop.  1,817. 

WESTHAM,  t.  Henrico  co.  Va.  on  the  N. 
side  of  James  river,  6  m.  above  Richmond. 

WESTHAMPTON,  t  Hampshire  co.  Mass. 
10  m.  W.  from  Norlhampton.    Pop.  907. 

WEST  HAMPTON,  v.  on  the  S.  side  of 
Tiong  Island,  Suffolk  eo.  N.  Y.  80  m.  a  little  N. 
of  E.  from  New  York. 

WEST  HANOVER,  t.  on  Swatara  river, 
Dauphin  co.  Pa.  15  ni.  NE.  by  E.  from  Harris- 
burg,  and  15  W.  from  Lebanon. 

WEST  HARBOR,  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Jamaica,  formed  by  a  peninsula,  called  Port- 
land Ridge.    Lon.  77°  W. ;  lat.  17="  48'  N. 

WEST  HARTFORD,  t.  Hartford  eo.  Ct. 
5  m.  from  Hartford. 

WEST  HARTLAND,  v.  in  the  NW.  part, 
of  Hartford  co.  Ct.  25  m.  NW.  from  Hartford. 

WEST  HAVEN,  t.  Rutland  co.  Vt.  50  m. 
W.  from  Windsor.     Pop.  724. 

WEST  HEBRON,  t.  between  Moses'  Kill 
and  Fort  Edward,  Washington  co.  N.  Y.  48  m. 
W.  from  Albany. 

WEST  HILL,  v.  Suffolk  co,  N.  Y. 

WEST  INDIES.    See  Indies,  West. 

WEST  ISLES,  t.  Charlotte  co.  New  Bruns- 
wick,  on  the  coast,  including  Campo  Bello, 
Grand  Mcnan,  and  other  islands. 

WESTLAND,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  Va.  137 
m.  SW.  from  Richmond. 

WESTLAND,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio.  Pop. 
802. 

WEST  LIBERTY,  v.  o.i  the  uead  of  Short 
creek,  Ohio  co.  Va.  14  m.  NE.  from  Wheeling, 
and  20  W.  from  Washington  in  Pa. 

WEST  LIBERTY,  v.  Henry  co.  In.  40  m. 
NE,  by  E,  from  Indianapolis, 

WEST  LIBERTY,  v,  Morgan  co.  Ken.  75 
m.  SE.  by  E.  from  Frankfort. 


436 


WES— WES 


WEST  LIBERTY,  v.  Logan  co.  Ohia 

WEST  LOWVILLE,  v.  Lewis  co.  N.Y. 
30  m.  NE.  from  Socket's  Harbor,  and  55  NNW. 
from  Utica. 

WEST  MARTINSBURG,  t  Lewis  co. 
N.  Y.  35  m.  NE.  from  Sackct's  Harbor,  and  50 
NNW.  from  Utica. 

WEST  MENDON,  t.  Monroe  ca  N.  Y.  12 
m.  S.  from  Rochester. 

WEST  MEREDITH,  t.  on  Olean  creek, 
Delaware  co.  N.  Y.  30  m.  S.  from  Cooperstown, 
and  104  SW.  by  W.  from  Albany. 

WEST  MIDDLEBURG,  t.  Schoharie  co. 
N.Y.  35  m.  W.  from  Albany, 

WEST  MIDDLETOWN,  v.  WaBliington 
CO.  Pa.  20  m.  NNW.  from  Washington,  and 
35  a  little  S.  of  W.  from  Pittsburg. 

WEST  MINOT,  t.  in  the  north-west  angle 
of  Cumberland  co.  Me.  4G  m.  N.  from  Port- 
land. 

WESTMINSTER,  t.  Middlesex  co.  U.C. 

WESTMINSTER,  t.  Windliam  co.  Vt.  on 
the  Connecticut,  opposite  Walpole,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  a  bridge;  28  m.  S.  from 
Montpelidr,  445  from  W.  Pop.  1,737.  It  is  a 
pleasant  and  considerable  town. 

WESTMINSTER,  t.  Worcester  co.  Mass. 
21  m.  NNW.  from  Worcester,  54  WNW.  from 
Boston.    Pop.  1,695. 

WESTMINSTER,  t.  Frederick  co.  Md.  30 
m.  NW.  from  Baltimore,  66  from  W.  It  con- 
tains a  bank  and  a  printing-office. 

WESTMORE,  t.  Orleans  co.  Vt.  53  m.  NE. 
from  Montpelier.    Pop.  32. 

WESTMORELAND,  co.  New  Brunswick, 
bordering  on  Nova  Scotia  and  the  Gulf  of  St 
Lawrence. 

WESTMORELAND,  t  Cheshire  co.  N.H. 
on  the  Connecticut,  9  m.  W.  from  Kcene,  65 
WSW.  from  Concord.  Pop.  1,647.  It  is  a 
considerable  agricultural  town,  and  contains 
meeting-houses  for  Baptists  and  Congregation- 

WESTMORELAND,  t.  Oneida  co,  N.  Y. 
10  m.  W.  from  Utica.     Pop.  3,303. 

WESTMORELAND,  co.  souUi-west  part  of 
Fa.  bounded  NE.  by  Armstrong  and  Indiana 
cos.  ESE.  by  Cambria  and  Somerset  cos.  S.  by 
Fayette  co.  and  W.  by  Waslvington  and  Alio 
ghany  cos.  Pop.  in  1820,  30,540;  in  1830, 
38,400.    Chieftown,  Grornsburg. 

WESTMORELAND,  .  >.  NPJ.  part  of  Va. 
bounded  N.  and  NE.  by  tiie  Potomac,  E.  by 
Nortluunberland  co.  S.  by  Richmond  co.  and 
the  Rappahannock,  and  W.  by  King  George  co. 
Pop.  8,411. 

WEST  NEWBURY,  t  Essex  co.  Mass. 
Pop.  1,586. 

WESTON,  t.  Windsor  co.  Vt.  30  m.  WSW. 
from  Windsor.    Pop.  972. 

WESTON,  t.  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  15  m.  W. 
from  Boston.     Pop.  1,091. 

WESTON,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  9  m.  N.  from 
Fairfield.    Pop.  2,997.    Here  is  an  academy. 

WEST  POINT,  t.  Orange  co.  N.  Y.  on  the 
west  bank  of  the  Hudson,  58  m,  above  New 
York.  The  United  States  Military  Academy 
at  tliis  place  was  establi-shed  by  Congress  in 
1802,  for  the  instruction  of  young  men  des- 


tined for  the  aTmy.  The  number  of  cadets  is 
limited  to  250,  and  in  choosing  among  the  ap- 
plicants, the  sons  of  revolutionary  officers  are 
allowed  the  first  claim,  and  the  children  of  the 
deceased  officers  of  the  last  war,  the  second. 
The  age  of  the  pupils  on  admission  must  be 
between  14  and  22.  The  professors  and  in- 
structors arc  30  in  number ;  each  of  the  cadets 
costs  the  government  336  dollars  annually. 
They  are  required  to  encamp  6  or  8  weeks 
during  the  year.  The  course  of  study  is  com- 
pleted  in  4  years,  and  includes  French,  draw-  • 
ing,natural  and  experimental  philosophy,chem- 
istry,  mineralogy,  geography,  history,  ethics, 
national  law,  mathematics,  and  the  whole  sci- 
ence of  strategy,  tactics,  artillery,  and  engineer- 
ing.  The  annual  expense  of  the  institution  is 
115,000  dollars.  There  are  5  large  stone  build- 
ings, and  6  of  brick.  The  site  they  occupy  is 
very  beautiful  and  commanding,  being  a  level 
188  feet  above  the  river.  Close  to  the  shore 
stands  a  white  marble  monument,  bearing  the 
name  of  Kosciusko.  In  another  part  is  an 
obelisk  to  the  memory  of  Col.  Wood,  one  of  tlie 
pupils,  who  fell  at  Fort  Erie. 

WESTPORT,  t.  and  s-p.  Bristol  co.  Mass. 
on  Buzzard's  Bay,  24  m.  S.  from  Taunton,  60 
S.  from  Boston.    Pop.  2,773.    It  is  a  consider- 
able town,  and  has  some  trade. 
WESTPORT,  v.  Essex  co.  N.Y. 
WESTPORT,  t.  Henry  co.  Ken.  on  the 
Ohio,  17  m.  above  Louisville.   It  contained,  in 
1818,  about  50  houses,  and  is  watered  by  liittle 
Kentucky  river,  which  affords  seats  for  mills. 
WEST  QUODDY  HEAD,  in  Luke,  Me. 
the  SW.  point  of  the  entrance  into  Passama- 
quoddy  Bay.     Here  is  a  light-house. 
WESTRAYVILLE,  v.  Nash  co.  N.  C. 
WEST  RIVER,  r.  Me.  runs  into  Machias 
Bay,  Ion.  673  19'  w. ;  hit.  44^  45'  N. 

WEST  RIVER,  r.  Vt.  runs  into  the  Con- 
necticut, 10  m.  from  the  S.  boijndary  of  the 
state. 

WEST  RIVER,  V.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y. 
WEST  RIVER,  V.  Ann-Arundel  co.  Md. 
WEST  RIVER,  r.  Md.  runs  into  the  Ches- 
apeake, Ion.  763  42'  w. ;  Ijt.  38^  54'  N. 

WEST  RIVER,  r.  Va.  runs  into  Black  Bay, 
Ion.  76=  17'  W. ;  hit.  36°  30'  N. 

WEST  RIVER  MOUNTAIN,  mt.  N.  H. 
in  Ciiesterficld  and  Hinsdale,  near  the  Connec- 
ticut, opposite  the  mouth  of  West  river.  It  has 
discovered  volcanic  appearances.  Considera- 
ble search  has  been  made  in  thip  mountain  for 
valuable  ores,  but  without  success. 

WEST-SPRINGFIELD,  t.  Hampden  co. 
Mass.  on  the  west  side  of  the  Connecticut  river, 
opposite  Springfield.     Pop.  3,272. 

WEST-STOCKBRIDGE,  t.  Berkshire  co. 
Mass.  10  m.  SW.  from  Lenox.     Pop.  1,208. 

WEST  TOWN,  t.  Delaware  co.  Pa.  4  m. 
ESE.  from  Westchester,  19  W.  by  S.  from 
Philadelphia.  Here  is  a  largo  and  respectable 
Friends'  Ixiarding-school,  containing  150  pu- 
pils. Tlie  building  is  of  brick,  140  feet  by  50, 
of  3  stories,  and  is  finely  situated. 
WEST  TOWN,  V.  Orange  co.  N.  Y. 
WEST  UNION,  t.  and  cap.  Adams  co. 
Ohio,  52  SW.  from  Chillicothe,  470  from  W. 


WES— WHI 


437 


It  contains  the  county  buildingn,  a  bank,  and 
a  printingf-office.     Pop.  429. 

WESTVILLE,  V.  Simpson  co.  Mis. 

WESTVILLE,  V.  in  Berkshire,  N.Y.  14  m. 
N.  from  Owcgo. 


nt.  N.H. 
|c  Connec- 

er.    It  has 

onsidera- 

luntain  for 

ipden  CO. 
kicut  river, 

Ikshire  co. 
>.  1,208. 
Pa.  4  m. 
S.  from 
fespectable 
150  pu. 
ffeet  by  50, 

,Y. 

^dams  CO. 
fromW. 


WESTWARD  R/iLL!-,  v.  Brunswick  co. 
Virginia. 

WETARHOO,  r.  La.  runs  into  the  Missou- 
ri, 1422  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

WETATIC,  mt  Ashburnham,  Mass.  The 
elevation  of  tiie  summit  of  this  mountain  above 
the  level  of  the  sea,  was  found  by  barometrical 
measurement,  in  1817,  to  be  1,900  feet 

WETHERSFIELD,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  on 
west  bank  of  the  Connecticut,  4  m.  S.  from 
Hartford.  Pop.  3,862.  It  contains  3  parishes, 
in  cacii  of  which  is  a  (Congregational  meeting- 
house ;  it  has  also  a  Baptist  meeting-house,  and 
an  academy.  It  is  a  very  pleasant  and  hand- 
some town,  situated  in  a  fertile  tract  of  country, 
and  is  famous  for  raising  great  quantities  of 
onions. 

WETHERSFIELD.    See  Weathmjield. 
WEYBRIDGE,  t  Addison  co.  Vt     Pop. 
850. 

WEYMOUTH,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  10  m. 
SR  from  Boston,  noted  for  the  manufacture  of 
excellent  cheese.    Pop.  2,839. 
.  WEYMOUTH,  t  Gloucester  ca  N.  J.  Pop. 
1,270. 

WEYMOUTH  FURNACE,  v,  Gloucester 
CO.  N.  J. 

WHALE  BANK,  fishing-bank  on  the  coast 
of  Newfoundland,  60  miles  long,  and  21  wide; 
90  miles  S.  from  Cape  Mary.  Lon.  53°  50'  W. ; 
lat  45=-  N. 

WHALE  ISLAND,  small  is),  in  the  North 
Sea.    lyjn.  134°  W.;  lat  69°  14'  N.  ■ 

WHARTON,  V.  St.  Tamany's  parish.  La. 
WHARTONVILLE,  v.  Fauquier  co.  Va. 
WHATELEY,  t.  Franklin  co.  Mass.  on  the 
W.  side  of  Connecticut  river,  10  miles  above 
Northampton.    Pop.  1,111. 

WHATLEY'S  MILTiS,  v.  Morgan  ca  Geo. 
WHEATLAND,  t.  Monroe  ca  N.  Y.  Pop. 
9  239. 
'  WHEAT  PLAINS,  v.  Pike  co.  Pa. 
WHEELER,  t. Steuben  co.  N.  Y.  Pop.  1,389. 
WHEELER'S  SPRINGS,  Charlotte  co.  Va. 
109  m.  SW.  from  Richmond. 

WHEELING,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the  Ohio  at 
Wheeling. 

WHEELING,  t.  and  cap.  Ohio  ca  Va.  on 
Ohio  river,  at  the  mouth  of  Wheeling  creek, 
140  m.  W.  by  N.  from  Cumberland,  57  m. 
SW.  from  Pittsburg,  by  the  road ;  95  by  the 
river.  It  stands  on  a  high  bank,  and  the  build- 
ings are  chiefly  oi.  one  street,  running  parallel 
with  the  river.  The  town  contains  a  court- 
house, jail,  church,  nail  factory,  and  5,221  in 
habitants.  The  great  road  from  Wheeling  to 
Cumberland,  on  the  Potomac,  was  constructed 
by  the  U.S. at  an  expense  of  $1,800,000.  This 
road  completes  the  communication  between 
Baltimore  and  the  navigable  western  waters, 
and  will  doubtless  cause  Wheeling  to  rise  rap- 
idly in  population  and  commercial  importance. 
WHEELIN(i,  t.  Belmont  ca  Ohio,  4  m.  N. 
from  St.  Clairsville.    Pop.  1,669. 


WHEELING,  t  Guernsey  co.  Ohio,  on 
Wills  creek,  6  m.  N.  from  Cambridge.  Pop. 
277. 

WHEELING,  or  Indian  Wheeling,  r.Ohio, 
runs  into  the  Ohio,  nearly  opposite  the  town 
of  Wheeling. 

WHEELOCK,  t  Caledonia  ca  Vt  30  m.  N  E. 
from  •  Montpel  ier.    Pop.  834. 

WHETSTONE,  r.  Ohio,  runs  into  the 
Scioto,  at  Columbus. 

WHITE,  CO.  of  Ten.  bounded  by  Bledsoe 
SE.  Warren  W.  or  Caney  Fork  river  SW. 
Smith  NW.  Jackson  N.  and  Overton  NE. 
Lengtli  40  m.  mean  width  19.  It  is  drained 
by  the  eastern  branches  of  Caney  Fork  river. 
Chief  town,  Sparta.  Pop.  in  1820,  8,701 ;  in 
1830  9  962. 

WHITE,  CO.  of  U.  bounded  by  Wabash 
river  E.  Gallatin  co.  S.  Franklin  and  Jefferson 
W.  and  Wayne  and  Edwards  N.  Length  42 
ni.  width  20,  area  800  sq.  ms.  It  is  chiefly 
drained  by  Little  Wabash  river.  Chief  town, 
Carnii.     Pop.  in  1820,  4,828 ;  in  1830,  6,091. 

WHITE  BAY,  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  New- 
foundland.   Lon.  56°  2.5'  W. ;  lat.  50°  10'  N. 

WHITE  BEAR  LAKE,  late,  N.  America, 
one  of  the  most  northerly  of  those  lakes  which 
supply  the  Mississippi.  It  is  alrout  60  m.  in 
circumference.  Lon.  95°  30'  W. ;  lat.  46°  50'  N. 
WHITE  BLUFF,  settlement,  Chatham  ca 
Geo.  10  m.  S.  from  Savannah. 

WHITE  CAVE,  cave.  Ken.  a  mile  from 
Mammoth  Cave.  It  contains  many  splendid 
and  beautiful  petrifactions. 

WHITE  CHIMNEYS,  v.  Caroline  co.  Va. 
30  m.  NNE.  from  Richmond. 

WHITE  CLAY  CREEK,  fiscs  in  Chester 
CO.  Pa.  flows  SE.  into  Newcastle  co.  Del.  and 
joins  Rod  Clay  creek  near  their  joint  influx 
into  t!ic  Christiana. 

WHITE  CREEK,  t  Washington  ca  N.  Y. 
It  is  tlie  seat  of  arv  academy,  36  m.  NE.  from 
Albany.     Pop.  2,448. 

WHITE  DAY,t  Monongahela  ca  Va.  320 
m.  NW.  from  Richmond. 

WHITE  DEER,  v.  Lycoming  ca  Pa.  10 
SSE.  from  Williamsport,  and  84  m.  N.  from 
Harrisburg. 

WHITE-EARTH,  r.  N.  America,  empties 
into  the  Missouri,  1,840  m.  from  tlie  Missis- 
sippi. 

WHITEFACE,  mt  N.  H.,  N.  of  Sandwich 
mountain. 

WHITEFACE,  mt.  in  Jay,  N.  Y.  It  com- 
mands  a  very  extensive  prospect.  Montreal 
80  m.  distant,  may  be  seen  from  its  summit 
lU  height  is  estimated  at  2,600  feet 

WHITEFIELD,  t  Lincoln  co.  Me.  on  both 
sides  of  Shecpscot  river,  15  m.  N.  from  Wis- 
casset     Pop.  2,020. 

WHITEFIELD,  t  Coos  co.  N.  H.  4  m. 
from  Connecticut  river,  120  m.  N.  from  Con- 
cord.    Pop.  6«5. 

WHITE  FISH  POINT,  peninsula,  Michi- 
gan  territory,  extending  into  Lake  Superior, 
33  m.  W.  St.  Mary's  river, 

WHITEHALL,  t.  Washington  ca  N.Y. 
It  stands  at  the  mouth  of  a  creek  flowing  into 
the  S.  end  of  Lake  Champlain.   The  northerly 


43R 


WHIt-WIII 


ounal  from  the  Hudson  here  passes  into  the 
lake.  Sloops,  steam-boats,  and  other  lake  crafl 
come  up  to  the  town,  and  the  trade  of  the  plane 
is  very  active.  A  steam-boat  plies  regularly 
between  Whitehall  and  St.  Johns,  L.  C.  70  ni. 
N.  from  Albany,  170  NW.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
2  888 

'  WHITEHALL,  v.  Columbia  co.  Pa.  2  m. 
N.  from  Danville,  and  81  m.  a  little  E.  of  N. 
from  Harrisburjr. 

WHITE  HALL,  v.  Frederick  co.  Va.  92 
m.  westerly  from  W. 

WHITE  HALL,  v.  Mecklenburg  co.  N.  C. 
169  m.  SW.  from  Raleigh. 

WHITE  HALL,  v.  Abbeville  district,  S.C. 
100  m.  W.  from  Columbia. 
WHITEHAVEN,  v.  Somerset  co.  Md. 
WHITEHEAD,  isl.  in  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  coast  of  Maine.  Lon.  67°  40'  W. ;  lat.  44° 
43' N. 

WHITE  HOUSE,  v.  Hunterdon  co.  N.  J, 
9  m.  NW.  by  W.  from  Summervillc,  and  39 
m.  N.  from  Trenton. 

WHITE  LAKE,  /.  on  the  Newburgh  turn 
pike  road,  Sullivan  co.  N.  Y.  50  m.  NW.  by 
W.  from  Newburgh,  and  122  m.  NW.  from  Al- 
bany. 

WHITELEY,  CO.  Ken.  bounded  by  Ten. 
S.  Wayne  co.  Ken.  W.  Rockcastle  river  NW. 
Kno.Y  NE.  and  Harlan  E.  Iicngth  40  m.  mean 
width  14.  Camberland  river  traverses  it  from 
SE.  to  NW.  Chief  town,  Williamsburg.  Pop. 
in  1820,  2,310 ;  in  1830,  3,807. 

WHlTEr,EY,  C.  H.  and  v.  Whiteley  co. 
Ken.  78  m.  SSE.  from  Hartford,  557  from  W. 
WHITELEYSBURG,  v.  Kent  co.  Del.  22 
m.  SE.  from  Ddver. 

WHITEMARSH,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Pa 
about  12  m.  N.  from  Philadelphia.  The  White- 
marsh  has  long  been  ndted  for  its  elegant  and 
variegated  marble. 

WHITE  MOUNTAINS,  or  White  Hills, 
range  of  mountains,  N.  H.  18  or  20  m.  long 
and  8  or  10  broad.  The  base  of  the  mountains 
is  about  25  SE.  from  Lancaster,  and  Mount 
Washington,  the  highest  summit,  is  70  m.  in 
a  right  line  N.  from  Concord,  82  N.  by  W. 
from  Portsmouth'.  Lon.  71°  20'  W. ;  lat.  44° 
15'  N.  In  the  western  pass  of  these  moun- 
tains there  is  a  remarkable  gap,  called  the 
Notch.  These  mountains  are  covered  with 
snow  9  or  10  months  in  the  year,  and  derive 
their  name  from  their  white  appearance.  They 
are  seen  many  miles  off  at  sea,  and  a  person, 
when  on  their  summit,  has  a  distinct  view  of 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  the  nearest  part  of  which 
is  65  m.  distant  in  a  direct  line.  The  limit  of 
forest-trees  is  at  the  height  of  4,428  feet.  The 
view  from  the  summit  of  Mount  Washington 
is  wonderfully  grand  and  picturesque.  Innu- 
merable mountains,  lakes,  ponds,  rivers,  towns, 
and  villages  meet  the  delighted  eye,  and  the 
dim  Atlantic  stretches  its  waters  along  the 
eastero  horizon.  To  the  N.  is  seen  the  loily 
summits  of  Adama  and  Jefferson,  and  to  the 
E.  a  little  detached  from  the  range  stands 
Mount  Madison.  Mount  Washington  is  sup- 
ported on  the  N.  by  a  high  ridge  which  ex- 
tends to  Mount  Jefferson ;  on  the  NE.  by  a 


large  grassy  plain,  terminating  in  a  vast  spur 
extending  far  away  in  that  difection ;  E.  by  a 
promontory  of  no  great  extent,  but  whieii 
breaks  off  abruptly ;  S.  and  SE.  by  a  grassy 
plain,  in  summer,  of  more  than  40  acres.  Tlie 
more  elevated  parts  of  these  mountains  are 
occasionally  subject  to  slides  of  earth,  which 
sweep  suddenly  down  their  sides,  and  occasion 
groat  damage.  A  serious  calamity  of  this  kind 
occurred  at  the  Notch  in  August,  1826,  to  a 
family  of  the  name  of  Willcy,  who  occupied 
a  dwelling  in  the  narrowest  port  of  the  defile 
many  miles  from  any  other  humdn  habitation. 
At  midnight,  during  a  furious  storm  of  rain, 
the  mountain  broke  ioose  above  them,  and 
poured  down  in  a  torreilt  of  earth,  rocks,  and 
trees.  The  family,  aroused  by  the  noise,  im- 
mediately fled  from  the  house,  but  were  over- 
taken by  the  rushing  mass,  and  swept  to  de- 
struction. The  roads  and  bridges  along  the 
valley  were  destroyed,  the  streams  choked  up, 
and  heaps  jf  earth,  rocks,  and  trees,  exhibited 
a  frightful  picture  of  desolation. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  elevation  of 
the  several  peaks,  according  to  the  measure- 
ment of  capt.  A.  Partridge. 

Feet  above    Feet  above 
the  sea.        the  base. 

Mount  Washington  ....6,234 4,464     . 

2d   peak 5,328 3,554 

3d   peak 5,058 3,288 

4th  peak 4,866 3,096 

5th  peak....  4,711 2,941 

6th  peak 4,356. ..  ..2,586 

Base  of  the  mountains,.  .1,770 

WHITE  OAK,  v.  Rutherford  co.  N.  C.  524 
m.  from  W. 

WHITE  OAK  CREEK,  r.  N.  C.  runs  into 
the  Atlantic.  Lon.  77°  26'  W. ;  lat.  34^  39'  N. 

WHITE  OAK  MOUNTAINS,  in  W.  part 
of  N.  C.     Lon.  82°  30'  W. ;  lat.  36°  10'  N. 

WHITE  OAK  SPRING,  v.  Gibson  co.  In. 

WHITE  PLAINS,  v.  Orange  co.  Va. 

WHITE  PLAINS,  v.  Granville  co.  N.  C. 
'     WHITE  PLAINS,  v.  White  co.  Ten. 

WHITE  PLAINS,  v.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y. 
15  m.  N.  of  Kingsbridge,  and  30  of  the  city  of 
New  York.     Pop.  759. 

WHITE  PLAINS,  v.  Jackson  co.  Ten.  56 
m.  NE.  from  Murfreesborough. 

WHITE  POST,  v.  Frederick  co.  Va.  10  m. 
SSE.  from  Winchester,  and  78  a  little  N.  of 
W.  from  W. 

V/HITE  RIVER,  v.  Lawrence  co.  Arkan- 
sas, 125  m.  from  Little  Rock. 

WHITE  RIVER,  r.  In.  is  the  great  south- 
eastern branch  of  the  Wabash.  It  is  formed 
by  two  branches,  both  rising  about  lat  40°  N. 
and  lon.  from  W.  8°  W.  and  near  the  western 
boundary  of  the  state  of  Ohio.  Flowing  by  a 
general  course  SW.  about  70  miles,  the  two 
branches  unite,  and  continuing  below  their 
junction  30  miles,  join  the  Wabash,  between 
Knox  and  Gibson  cos.  at  lat.  30°  27'  N. 

WHITE  RIVER,  r.  of  Ark.  and  Mia.  rises 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  latter,  aad  northern 
part  of  the  former,  by  2  largo  branches,  Whit't 
river  proper,  or  NW.  branch,  and  Black  rive:-, 
or  NE.  branch.    Both  these  rivers  are  navign 


fbrn 
cree 
shod 


on 

It  isl 

dwelf 

builn 

dentJ 

palia| 

\\ 
falls  I 

^^ 

land  I 
W| 
into 
abovd 


.;•-' 


WHI— WIL 


439 


at  spur 
E.  by  a 
;  which 
1  grassy 
•es.  Tlie 
iiins  are 
u,  which 
occasion 
Lhis  kind 
S26,  to  a 
occupied 
the  deiile 
abitation. 
1  of  rain, 
icm,  and 
jcks,  and 
noise,  im- 
vcre  ovcr- 
rept  to  de- 
along  the 
;hoked  up, 
,  exhibited 

levation  of 
!  nieasure- 

Feet  ahove 

the  hase. 

.4,464  . 
..3,554 
..3,288 
.  .3,096 
.  .2,941 
..2,586 

,  N.  C.  524 

D.  runs  into 
,.34^39'  N. 
,  in  W.  pari 
J6°  10'  N. 
ibson  CO.  Tn. 
;o.  Va. 
2  CO.  N.  C. 
0.  Ten. 
3terco.N.Y. 
)f  the  city  of 

CO.  Ten.  56 

CO.  Va.  10  m. 
a  little  N.  of 

;e  CO.  Arkan- 

,  great  south- 
It  is  formed 
ut  lat.  40°  N. 
.  the  western 
Flowing  by  a 
liles,  the  two 
r  below  their 
bash,  between 
27' N. 

md  Mis.  rises 
,  a«d  northern 
BncheB,Whito 
Black  riyc;-, 
irs  are  navign 


ble  in  seasons  of  high  water,  far  above  their 
junction.  They  unite  in  Arkansas,  lat  35° 
30'  N.  and  the  stream  flows  thence  nearly  a  S. 
course  about  120  m.  S.  and  falls  into  Mississippi 
river  30  m.  above  the  mouth  of  Arkansas. 
White  river  is  at  all  seasons  navigable  below 
the  mouth  of  Black  river.  The  length  of  this 
stream,  following  either  branch,  is  about  350 
miles. 

WHITE  RIVER,  v.  Lawrence  co.  Mis. 

WHITE  RIVER,  r.  Vt.  rises  in  Kingston, 
and  runs  into  the  Connecticut,  at  Hartford. 
Length  50  miles. 

WHITE  RIVER,  t.  Knox  co.  In. 

WHITE  RIVER,  r.  La.  runs  into  the  Mis- 
souri, 1130  m.  from  the  Mississippi. 

WHITE  RIVER,  r.  N.  America,  runs  into 
Lake  Michigan,  Ion.  85°  35'  W.;  lat.  43° 
40' N. 

WHITE  ROCK,  V.  Charlotte  co.  Va. 

WHITE  ROCK,  v.  Halifax  co.  Va. 

WHITESBOROUGH,  v.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y. 
4  m.  NW.  from  Utica.  It  is  principally  built 
on  a  single  street,  1^  ni.  lung,  and  contains  a 
handsome  court-house,  a  jail,  academy,  and  2 
churches,  1  for  Baptists  and  1  for  Presbyteri- 
ans.  Many  of  the  dwelling-houses  arc  elegant. 

WHITE'S.  CREEK,  v.  Rhea  co.  Ten. 

WHITESTOWN,  t.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  on 
the  Mohawk,  comprising  the  villages  of  Wliites- 
borough  and  New  Hartford.    Pop.  4,410. 

WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS,  v.  Green- 
brier CO.  Va. 

WHITESVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  Columbus  co. 
N.C. 

WHITEWATER,  t  Han  Iton  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  1,734. 

WHITE  WATER,  r.  rises  in  In.  and  re- 
ceiving  numerous  tributaries,  runs  into  the 
Miami,  in  Ohio,  5  m.  above  the  junction  of  that 
river  with  the  Ohio,  20  m.  below  Brookville. 
It  is  a  beautiful,  transparent  stream.  It  has 
a  rapid  current,  not  easily  navigable,  but  is 
well  adapted  to  mills,  and  many  are  now 
crGctsd 

WHITE  WOMAN  3  RIVER,  r.  Ohio,  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  Mohiccan  and  Owl 
creeks,  and  flows  into  the  Muskingum,  at  Co- 
shocton. 

WHITING,  t.  Addison  co.  Vt.  on  Otter 
creek,  50  m.  SW.  from  Montpelier.    Pop.  653. 

WHITINGHAM,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  52  m. 
S.  from  Windsor.    Pop.  1,477. 

WHITTEDSVILLE,  V.  Buncombe  co.  N.C. 

WICKFORD,  V.  in  Nortii  Kingston,  R.  I. 
on  Narraganset  Bay,  9  m.  NW.  from  Newport. 
It  is  pleasantly  situated,  and  contains  about  100 
dwelling-houses,  a  bank,  an  academy,  with  a 
building  of  60  feet  by  30,  and  about  60  stu- 
dents ;  3  churches,  1  each  for  Baptists,  Episco- 
palians, and  Quakers. 

WICOMICO,  r.  Md.  rises  in  Delaware,  and 
falls  into  the  Chesapeake,  S.  of  the  Nanticoke. 

WICOMICO  CHURCH,  v.  Northumber- 
land  CO.  Va. 

WICONISCO,  creek,  Daupliin  co.  Pa.  runs 
into  the  Susquehannah  on  tiie  E.  side,  14  m. 
above  the  Jimiatta. 


WICONISCO  MOUNTAIN,  Dauphin  (o. 
Pa.  S.  of  Wiconisco  creek. 

WIGHCOMICO,  sliort  navigable  river,  Md. 
flows  into  the  Potomac,  35  ni.  irom  its  mouth. 

WILBRAHAM,  t.  Hampden  co.  Mass.  10 
m.  SE.  from  Springfield,  77  WSW.  from  Bos- 
ton.    Pop.  2,035. 

WILCOX,  CO.  Al.  bounded  N.  by  Dallas, 
E.  by  Montgomery,  S.  by  Butler  and  Monroe, 
W.  by  Clarke  and  Marengo.  Chief  town,  Can-' 
ton.    Pop.  2,469. 

WILDERNESS,  v.  Siwtsylvania  co.  Va. 

WILKES,  CO.  Geo.  bounded  by  Columbia 
and  Warren  SE.  Greene  SW.  Ogictliorpe  NW. 
Broad  river  or  Jeft'erson  and  Lincoln  cos.  E. 
It  is  about  22  m.  square.  Chief  town,  Wash- 
ington.   Pop.  hi  1820, 16,912 ;  in  1830, 14,237. 

WILKES,  CO.  north-west  corner  of  N.C. 
bounded  N.  by  Asher,  E.  by  Surrey,  S.  by  Ire- 
dell and  Burke,  W.  by  Burke  and  Asher.  Chief 
town,  Wilkcsborough.  Pop.  in  1820,  9,967;  in 
1830,  1 1,942. 

WILKES,  t.  and  cap.  Wilkes  co.N.C.50 
m.  W.  from  Gcrmantown,  442  from  W. 

WILKES,  t.  (iallia  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  476. 

WILKESBARRE,  formerly  Wyoming,  t. 
and  cap.  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  on  the  SE.  side  of 
the  Suwjuehannah,  U!)  in.  NW.  from  Phila- 
delphia, 121  NE.  from  Harrisburg,  222  from 
W.  Po]).  2,233.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
jail,  churcii,  bank,  and  academy,  and  issues  2 
weekly  newspapers.  A  dreadful  massacre  was 
committed  in  this  place  during  the  American 
war,  by  tlie  Indians  under  tlie  command  of 
Col.  Butler, 

WILKINSON,  CO.  SW.  corner  of  Mis.  Pop. 
11,693.    Chief  town,  Woodville. 

WILKINSON,  CO.  SW.  part  of  Geo.  Pop. 
6,558.    Chief  town,  Irwinton. 

WILKINSONVILLE,  t.  Randolph  co.  II. 
on  the  Oiiio,  about  half-way  between  Fort  Mas- 
sac and  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio. 

WILKINSONVILLE,  v.  Chesterfield  co. 
Virginia. 

WILLAMANTIC,  r.  Ct.  It  is  a  principal 
branch  of  the  Shetucket,  which  it  joins  N.  of 
Lebanon. 

WILLEQUENGAUGUM,  lake  on  E.  side 
of  Me.  at  the  sources  of  the  St.  Croix. 

WILLET,  t.  Cortlandt  co.  N.  Y.   Pop.  840. 

WILLIAMS,  NW.  CO.  of  Ohio,  bounded  N. 
by  Michigan,  E.  by  Henry  co.  S.  by  Paulding, 
and  W.  by  the  state  of  Indiana.  It  is  above 
25  m.  long  from  N.  to  S.  by  24  broad  from  E. 
to  W.  It  is  not  settled.  The  principal  waters 
are  tlie  St.  Joseph's  and  Maumec  rivers. 

WILLIAMSBOROUGH,  t.  Burhngton  co. 
N.J. 

WILLIAMSBOROUGH,  v.  Greenville  co. 
N.  C.  on  the  W.  side  of  Nutbush  creek,  a 
brancli  of  the  Roanoke,  17  m.  W.  from  War- 
rcnton,  about  37  W.  by  N.  from  Halifax,  and 
49  NE.  from  Hillsborough. 

WILLIAMSBURG,  t.  N.  from  Sebec  river, 
Penobscot  co.  Me.  65  in.  N.  from  Belfast,  40 
NNW.  from  Bangor,  and  175  NNE.  from  Port- 
land.   Pop.  227. 

WILLIAMSBURG,  t.  Hampshire  co.  Mass 


440 


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ill 


8  in.  NW.  from  Northampton,  100  W.  from 
Boaton.     Pop.  1,235. 

WII-LIAMSBURO,  v.  Huntingdon  co.  Pa. 

WILLIAMSUUUG,  t.  Talbot  co.  Md.  5  m. 
NE.  from  Easton. 

WILLIAMSBURG,  v.  Clermont  co.  Oliio, 
35  m.  ENE.  from  Cincinnati,  65  W.  by  S. 
from  Ciiillicotlic.  Pop.  286.  •  It  was  formerly 
the  cap.  of  the  co.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
a  jail,  and  a  [)rinting-onicc. 

WILLIAMSBURG,  v.  James  City  co.  Va. 
32  m.  E.  by  S.  from  Richmond.  This  town 
was  once  the  capital  of  the  state,  but  is  now 
much  decayed  from  its  former  importance.  It 
still  contains  William  and  Mary  College,  which 
was  founded  here  in  161)3.  It  has  7  instruct- 
ors and  60  students.  The  libraries  have  4,200 
volumes.  It  has  one  vacation  of  nearly  four 
months,  from  July  to  October.  Commence- 
ment is  in  July. 

WILLIAMSBURG,  t.  Clermont  co.  Ohio, 
containing  a  village  of  the  same  name.  Pop. 
1,609. 

WILLIAMSBURG,  t  Mason  co.  Ken. 

WILLIAMSBURG,  district,  NE.  part  of 
S  C 

WILLIAMSBURG,,  t.  and  cap.  Williams, 
burg  district,  S.C.  72  m.  NNE.  from  Charleston. 

WILLIAMSBURG,  v.  Jackson  co.  Ten. 
on  N.  side  of  the  Cumberland,  about  15  m. 
ENE.  from  Carthage.  Six  miles  NE.  of  this 
village  there  is  a  valuable  salt-spring,  where 
large  quantities  of  salt  are  made. 

WILLI AMSFIELD,t.  Ashtabula  cO.  Ohio. 

WILLIAMSON,  t.  Ontario  co.  N.  Y.  on  S. 
side  of  Lake  Ontario,  20  m.  N.  from  Canan- 
daigua.     Pop.  1,788. 

WILLIAMSON,  CO.  W.  Ten.  Pop.  26,608. 
Chief  town,  Franklin. 

WILLI AMSPORT,bor.  and  cap.  Lycoming 
CO.  Pa.  on  W.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  38 
m.  above  Northumberland,  2^  E.  from  New- 
bury, 190  from  W. 

WILLIAMSPORT,  t.  Washington  co.  Md. 
on  the  Potomac,  6  m.  W.  from  Elizabethtown. 

WILLIAMS'  RIVER,  r.  Vt  rises  in  Ches- 
ter, and  runs  into  the  Connecticut,  3  ni.  N. 
from  Bellows  Falls. 

WILLIAMSTON,  t.  and  cap.  Martin  co. 
N.  C.  on  the  Roanoke,  50  m.  SE.  from  Halifax, 
277  from  W. 

WILLI AMSTOWN,  t.  Orange  co.  Vt  11 
m.  S.  from  Montpclier.    Pop.  1,487. 

WILLIAMSTOWN,t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass. 
28  m.  N.  from  Lenox,  135  W.  by  N.  from  Bos- 
ton.  Lon.  73°  15'  W.;  lat.  42°  38'  N.  Fop. 
2,137.  It  is  situated  in  NW.  corner  of  tlie 
state,  having  Saddle  Mountain  on  the  E.  and 
hills  which  separate  it  from  New  York  on  the 
W.  being  in  a  beautiful  vale.  Hoosack  river 
flows  throu^  the  NE.  part.  It  is  a  fine  agri- 
cultural town,  and  contains  2  Congregational 
meeting-houses,  a  college,  and  some  manufac 
turing  establishments,  Williams  College,  at 
this  place,  was  founded  in  1793 ;  it  is  a  re- 
spectable and  flourishing  institution ;  the  build- 
ings are,  two  brick  ediflces  4  stories  high,  and 
a  laboratory.  The  libraries  contain  about  4,000 
volumes;  the  number  of  students  ranges  from 


100  to  150 ;  the  whole  number  of  graduates 
from  its  commencement  to  1830,  was  700. 
Lectures  arc  given  on  chemistry,  mathematics 
and  natural  philosophy,  languages,  and  divini- 
ty. There  are  3  terms  in  a  year.  Term  hilln, 
including  tuition,  room  rent,  library,  &c.  arc 
usually  less  than  10  dollars.    Board  is  usually 

2  dollars  a  week.  Commencement  is  held  oii 
the  first  Wednesday  in  September.  There  are 

3  vacations ;  the  first,  from  commencement  4 
weeks;  the  second,  from  the  4th  Wednesday 
in  December  6  weeks;  the  third,  from  the  3d 
Wednesday  in  May,  3  weeks. 

WILLIAMSTOWN,  t.  Oswego  co.  N.Y. 
W.  of  Camden.    Pop.  606. 

WILLIAMSTOWN,  v.  Grant  co.  Ken. 

WILLI AMSVILLE,  v.  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
11  m.  NE.  from  Buffalo. 

WILLIAMSVILLE,  v.  on  EUicott's  creek, 
Erie  co.  N.  Y.  12  m.  NE.  from  Buffalo. 

WILLIAMSVILLE,  v. Chesterfield  co.  Va. 
43  m.  from  Richmond. 

WILLIAMSVILLE,  v.  Person  co.  N.C. 

WILLIAMSVILLE,  v.  Christian  co.  Ken. 

WILLIMANTIC,  rapids  in  Connecticut  r. 
Mass.  about  a  mile  below  South  Hadley  canal. 
They  are  avoided  by  opening  a  channel  a  mile 
in  length  on  the  western  shore. 

WILLINBOROUGH,t.  Burlington  CO.N.J. 
on  the  Delaware,  14  m.  from  Philadelphia. 
Pop.  782. 

WILLINGBOROUGH,  v.  Susquehannah 
CO.  Pa. 

WILLING'S  CREEK,  r.  Mis.  runs  into  the 
Mississippi,  lon.  91°  21'  W. ;  lat.  30°  49'  N. 

WILLINGTON,  v.  Abbeville  district, S.C. 

WILLINGTON,  t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  8  m.  E. 
from  Tolland,  26  NE,  Hartford.     Pop.  1,305. 

WILLIS'S  CREEK,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the 
James  river,  lon.  78°  18'  W. ;  lat  37°  40'  N. 

WILLIS'S  MOUNTAIN, mt  Buckingham 
CO.  Va.  42  m.  S.  from  Charlottesville. 

WILLISTON,  t.  Chittenden  co.  Vt  8  m. 
ESE.  from  Burlington. 

WILLOUGHBY,  t.  Lincoln  co.  U.  C.  on 
Niagara  river,  j\iA  above  the  falls. 

WILLOUGHBY  LAKE,  lake,  in  Essex  co. 
Vermont 

WILLOW  GROVE,  v.  Montgomery  co.  Pa. 

WILLOW  GROVE,  v.  Sumpter  'district, 
S.  Carolina. 

WILLS,  t.  Guernsey  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  1,596. 

WILLSBOROUGH,  f  Essex  co.  N.Y.  on 
Lake  Champlain,  S.  from  Chesterfield.  Pop. 
1,316. 

WILL'S  CREEK,  r.  rises  in  Pa.  and  runs 
S.  by  W.  into  tlie  Potomac,  at  Cumberland,  in 
Maryland. 

WILLSHIRE,  v.  Van  Wert  co.  Ohio,  131 
m.  NW.  from  Columbus. 

WILLTOWN,  v.  in  Fairfield,  Ct.  279  m. 
from  W. 

WILLTOWN,  v.  Williamsburg  district, 
S.  Carolina. 

WILLTOWN, V.  Charleston  district,  S.C.  on 
the  Edisto,  27  m,  WSW.  from  Charleston. 

WILMINGTON,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt  21  m. 
E.  from  Bennington.    Pop.  1367. 

WILMINGTON.t Essex co.N.Y.  Pop. 695. 


WIL— WIN 


441 


WILMINGTON,  t  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  16 
III.  N.  from  IJoflton.     Pop.  731. 

WILMINGT(JN,  city  and  port  of  entry, 
Newcastle  co.  Del.  between  the  Brandywino 
and  Christiana  creeks,  1  ni.  aljovc  their  conflu- 
ence, and  2  W.  from  the  Delaware,  5  N.  from 
Newcastle,  28  SW.  from  Philadelphia,  72  NE. 
from  Baltimore,  and  110  from  W.  Lon.  77° 
34'  W. ;  lat.  3'.)°  43'  N.  Pop.  in  1820,  5,263 ; 
in  1830,  6,628.  The  position  of  the  town  is 
high,  airy  and  pleasant;  it  is  regularly  laid 
out,  the  streets  crossing  each  other  at  right 
angles.  It  is  supplied  with  water  from  the 
Brandywino,  by  water-works,  like  those  of 
Philadelphia.  The  city  contains  a  town-hall, 
2  market-houses,  3  banks,  a  spacious  alms- 
house of  stone,  a  U.  S.  arsenal,  and  13  houses 
of  public  worship,  viz.  3  for  Episcopalians,  3 
for  Presbyterians,  3  for  Methodists,  2  for 
Friends,  1  for  Baptists,  and  1  for  Roman  Catli- 
olics.  The  Christiana  admits  vessels  drawing 
14  feet  of  water  to  tlie  town,  and  those  of  8 
feet  can  ascend  8  m.  furtlier.  The  Brandy- 
wine  has  8  feet  of  water  to  the  mills.  This 
town  owns  more  than  10,000  tons  of  shipping. 
Its  staple  article  of  export  is  (lour.  There  is 
a  bridge  over  the  Brandywine,  and  one  over 
the  Christiana,  connecting  it  on  each  side  with 
the  b«!autiful  surrounding  country,  in  which  it 
is  situated.  The  celebrated  Brandywine  flour 
mills  are  in  a  village  a  little  distant  irom  tlic 
town.  These  flour  mills  wcrt  formerly  fhc 
most  numerous  and  important  in  the  U.  S, 
Those  in  Rochester,  New  York,  now  vie  with 
them.  Within  10  m.  of  Wilmington  there  are 
at  least  100  important  manufactories,  render- 
ing it  the  largest  manufacturing  district  in  tlie 
Atlantic  states  S.  of  Philadelphia.  The  prin- 
cipal articles  manufactured  are  flour,  cotton, 
wool,  paper,  iron  castings,  and  powder.  The 
celebrated  powder  manuCictory  of  E.  I.  Du- 
pdnt  is  on  the  Brandywine,  near  Wihnington. 
The  Brandywine  Chalybeate  Springs  are  like- 
wise within  5  m.  of  Wilmington,  situated  in  a 
highly  romantic  and  rural  country.  The 
building  for  the  accommodation  of  boarders 
will  bear  comparison  with  any  similar  estab- 
lishment in  the  U.  S.  It  is  a  place  of  great 
resort  for  invalids  and  people  of  fashion  during 
tlic  warm  season.  Wilmington  is  noted  ibr 
the  number  and  excellence  of  its  private 
scIiooIh,  which  may  be  attributed  to  a  want  of 
cntcrpi'ise  in  its  inhabitants  to  encourage  pub- 
lic institutions.  There  is  not  a  seminary  in 
the  city  of  public  endowment.  Among  tlie 
private  seminaries  are  three  Friends'  boarding- 
schools,  two  for  boys,  and  one  for  young  ladies, 
of  long-established  celebrity ;  there  are  several 
other  schools  of  the  first  order  that  accommo- 
date both  boarding  and  day  scholars.  The 
whole  number  of  sciiools  is  above  40,  most  of 
which  are  taught  by  females.  A  Catholic 
charity  school  for  tlie  education  of  orphans  is 
among  the  number.  There  are  4  printing- 
oflices  in  the  town,  from  which  are  issued  4 
lieriodical  pajiers,  2  semi-weekly  and  2  weekly. 
There  is  likewise  a  public  library  of  2,200 
volumes.  Wilmington  carries  on  a  brisk  trade 
with  Philadelphia ;  two  stcaiu-boatii  run  daily 
3F 


between  the  two  cities,  and  a  third  runs  be- 
tween Wilmington  and  New  Jersey.  It  con- 
tains a  large  iiumlwr  of  stores  of  almost  every 
description,  from  which  goods  may  be  bought^ 
ut  re*  -il,  on  as  good  or  better  terms  tlian  in 
Philadelphin. 

WILMINGTON,  t.  port  of  entry,  and  cap. 
New  Hanover  co.  N.  C.  on  the  E.  side  of  Cope 
Fear  river,  just  below  the  confluence  of  the 
NE.  and  NVV.  branches,  about  35  m.  from  the 
sea ;  90  SE.  from  Fuyetteville,  !)3  SSW.  from 
Newbern,  and  416  from  W,  Lon.  78=  10'  W.; 
lat.  34°  11'  N.  Pop.  2,700.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  2  banks,  a 
printing-oflice,  an  Episcopal,  and  a  Presbyte- 
rian church.  The  exports  from  this  town 
some  years  exceeds  1,000,000  dollars.  It  is 
well  situated  for  trade,  but  is  accounted  un- 
healthy. The  harbor  admits  vessels  of  300 
tons,  but  the  entrance  is  rendered  dangerous 
and  diflicult  by  a  large  shoal.  Opposite  the 
town  are  two  islands,  which  extend  with  tlie 
course  of  the  river,  dividing  it  into  3  channels. 

WILMINGTON,  island,  near  the  coast  of 
Georgia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Savannah  river. 
Lat.  323  N. 

WILMINGTON,  t.  and  cap.  Clinton  co. 
Ohio,  50  m.  W.  from  Chillicothc,  54  NE.  from 
Cincinnati,  60  SW.  from  Columbus,  and  444 
from  W.  It  was  laid  out  in  1810,  and  is  a 
flourishing  town,  containing  a  printing-office, 
and  607  inhabitants. 

WILMINGTON,  t  Fluvanna  co.  Va. 

WILMOT,  t.  Merrimack  co.  N.H.  29  m. 
NW.  from  Concord.    Pop.  834. 

WILNA,  t.  Jefferson  co.  N.  Y.   Pop.  1,602. 

WILSON,  t.  Niagara  co.  N.  Y.   Pop.  913. 

WILSON,  CO.  West  Ten.  on  the  S.  side  of 
Cumberland  river.  Pop.  25,447.  Chief  town, 
Lebanon. 

WILSON  HILL,  V.  Shelby  co.  Al.  133  m. 
NNE.  from  Cahawba. 

WILTON,  t.  Kcnncbcck  co.  Me.  35  m.  NW. 
from  Augusta,  200  NNE.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,650. 

WILTON,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.H.  9  m. 
WSW.  from  Amherst,  40  SSW.  from  Concord. 
Pop.  1,041. 

WILTON,  t.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  7  m.  N.  firom 
"Norwalk.    Pop.  2,095.    Here  is  an  academy. 

WILTON,  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.  Y.  Pop.  1,303. 

WINCHENDON,  t  Worcester  co.  Mass. 
33  m.  NNW.  from  Worcester,  60  NW.  from 
Boston.     Pop.  1,463. 

WINCHESTER,  t.  Cheshire  co.N.H.  13 
m.  SSW.  from  Keene,  70  WSW.  from  Con- 
cord.   Pop.  2,052. 

WINCHESTER,  t  Litchfield  co.  Ct  15  m. 
N.  Litchfield.    Pop.  1,766. 

WINCHESTER,  v.  Greene  co.  Ohio,  on 
Anderson's  creek,  7  m.  from  Xenia.    Pop.  8. 

WINCHESTER,  v.Gucrn8eyco.Ohio,  33m. 
NNE.  from  ZanesviUe,  45  W.  from  Wheeling. 

WINCHESTER,  city  and  cap.  Frederick 
CO.  Va.  30  m.  SW.  from  Harper's  Ferry,  70 
WNW.  from  Washington,  95  NE.  from  Staun- 
ton, 150  NNW.  from  Richmond.  Lon.  77° 
28'  W.;  lat,  39°  16'  N.  Pop.  about  5,000.  It 
is  plcouunlly  situated,  regularly  laid  out  in 


442 


WIN— WIN 


squares,  is  a  liandHoinc  und  flouriHliin^  town, 
and  contiiina  a  cntirt-houRo,  a  jail,  tin  nlmH- 
housc,  a  rnnrkcf.-iiouKc,  as  well  as  a  frccma- 
Bons'  hall,  2  bankn,  3  acndeinieH,  1  for  inak-H 
aiid  1  for  females,  2  ]>rintinjEr.o(Tices,  from  each 
of  which  is  issued  n  wccltly  iie\vH|)a])er,  and  6 
houses  of  public  \vorslii|),  for  Preshyfcrinns, 
Episcopalians,  (ierman  liuUicrans,  Raptists, 
Methodists,  and  Roman  Catholics.  The  prin- 
ci|)al  street  is  well  paved,  and  the  town  well 
built,  a  large  part  of  the  houses  being  of  brick. 
It  is  supplied  with  excellent  water  by  an  aque- 
duct. Near  the  town  there  are  several  medi- 
cinal springs ;  in  tlie  vicinity  there  are  a  num- 
ber of  flour  mills.  It  has  a  large  number  of 
manufactories  and  workshops,  and  being  cen- 
tral to  many  mineral  springs,  and  a  place 
noted  for  its  salubrity  and  pleasantness,  it  is  a 
summer  resort  for  strangers. 

WINCHESTER,  t.  and  cap.  Clarke  co.  Ken. 
on  a  branch  of  Licking  river,  1()  m.  SSH  from 
Paris,  and  530  from  W.  Pop.  620.  Here. is 
a  printing-office^ 

WINCHESTER,  t.  and  cap.  Franklin  co. 
Ten.  on  Elk  river,  about  35  m.  E.  by  N.  from 
Fayetteville,  and  687  m.  from  W. 

WINCHESTER,  v.  and  seat  of  justice, 
Wayne  co.  Mis.  on  Oaktibbchan,  branch  of 
Pascagoula  river,  180  m.  E.  from  Natchez,  150 
NE.  from  New  Orleans.     Lat.  31°  39'  N. 

WINDHAM,  CO.  SE.  part  of  Vt.  bounded 
N.  by  Windsor  co.  E.  by  Connecticut  river,  S. 
by  Massachusetts,  and  W.  by  Bennington  co. 
Pop.  28,758.    Chief  town,  Newfane. 

WINDHAM,  t.  Windham  co.  Vt.  25  m. 
SW.  from  Windsor.    Pop.  84. 

WINDHAM,  t.  Rockingham  co,  N.  H.  34 
m.  NNW.  from  Boston,  40  WSW.  from  Ports- 
mouth.    Pop.  1,006. 

WINDHAM,  co.Ct.  bounded  N.  and  E.  by 
Massachusetts,  S.  by  New  London  co.  and  W. 
by  Tolland  co.  Pop.  27,077.  Chief  town, 
Brooklyn. 

WINDHAM,  t.  Windham  co.  Ct  12  m. 
NNW.  from  Norwich,  31  E.  from  Hartford, 
365  from  W.  Pop.  2,812.  It  is  watered  by 
the  Shctucket,  and  has  two  considerable  vil- 
lages, one  called  Wiridhamtown,  and  the  other 
Williamantie,  or  the  State ;  in  the  latter  are  ^ 
large  manufactories  of  cotton,  from  which  has 
sprung  this  flourishing  village. 

WINDHAM,  t.  Greene'eo.  N.  Y.  SW.  from 
Catskill.    Pop.  3,472. 

WINDHAM,  V.  Portage  co.  Ohio,  220  m. 
NE.  from  Columbus. 

WINDSOR,  t.  Kennebeck  co.  Me.  36  m. 
from  Portland.    Pop.  1,485. 

WINDSOR,  CO.  E.  side  of  Vt.  bounded  N. 
by  Orange  co.  E.  by  Connecticut  river,  S.  by 
Windham  co.  and  W.  by  Rutland  and  Addi- 
son cos.    Pop.  40,623.   Chief  towns,  Windsor 

{LTlQ    iVoodstoCK 

WINDSOR,  t.  Windsqr  co.  Vt.  on  W.  bank 
of  the  Connecticut,  18  m.  S.  from  Dartmouth 
College,  61  m.  S.  from  Montpelier,  112  NW. 
from  Boston,  126  N.  from  Hartford,  463  from 
W.  Lon.  72o30'W.;  lat  43°  2!>'N.  Pop- 
3,134.  It  is  a  very  pleasant,  handsome,  and 
flourishing  town,  one  of  the  largest  in  the 


state,  and  has  conniderablo  trade.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  a  stiite  |)rison,  an  academy  for 
young  ladies,  and  3  handsome  houses  of  pub- 
lie  worship,  for  (^ongrcgationalists.  Baptists, 
and  Episcopalians.  The  academy  is  a  respect- 
able institution,  and  has  from  70  to  100  pupils. 
Tlie  building  is  of  brick,  2  stories  high. 

WINDSOR,  t.  Hillsborough  co.  N.  H.28  m. 
WSW.  from  C^oncord.    Pop.  226. 

WINDSOR,  t.  Berkshire  co.  Mass.  20  m. 
NE.  from  Lenox,  120  W.  from  Boston.  Pop. 
1,042. 

WINDSOR,  t.  Hartford  co.  Ct.  on  W.  side 
of  the  Connecticut,  7  m.  N.  from  Hartford. 
Pop.  3,220.  It  is  a  pleasant  town,  and  has 
an  academy. 

WINDSOR,  East,  t.  Hartford  eo.  Ct.  on  E. 
side  of  the  (Connecticut,  nearly  opposite  Wind- 
sor, 7  ra.  NNE.  from  Ilarttbrd.  Pop.  3,537. 
It  contains  an  academy. 

WINDSOR,  East,  t.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J. 
Pop.  2,129. 

WINDSOR,  West,  t.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J. 
Pop.  1,903. 

WINDSOR,  t.  Ashtabula  co.  Ohio,  25  m. 
NW.  from  Warren.     Pop.  666. 

WINDSOR,  t.  and  cap.  Bertie  eo.  N.  C.  on 
the  Cashie,  23  m.  WSW.  from  Edenton,  280 
from  W. 

WINDSOR  CREEK,  r.  N.  America,  which 
runs  into  the  Missouri,  190  m.  below  the 
Great  Falls.    • 

WINDSOR  RIVER,  r.  Ct.  which  runs  into 
tlie  ('oniiecticut,  4  m.  N.  from  Hartford. 

WIND^yARD  ISLANDS,  such  of  the 
Caribbean,  in  the  West  Indies,  as  commence  at 
Martinico,  and  extend  to  Tobago. 

WINDWARD  PASSAGE,  strait  between 
Point  Maizi,  at  the  E.  end  of  the  Island  of 
Cuba,  ond  Cape  St.  Nicholas,  at  the  NW.  ex- 
tremity of  St.  Domingo. 

WINEBAGO,  lake,  NW.  Territory.  Lon. 
87°46'W.;  lat.  43°  50' N. 

WINEBAGO  RIVER,  r.  NW.  Territory, 
which  runs  from  Winnebago  Lake  to  Green 
Bay  in  Lake  Michigan. 

WINEE,  or  Black  river,  r.  S.  C.  which 
rises  near  Camden,  and  runs  SE.  into  the 
Great  Pedee,  3  m.  above  Georgetown. 

WINFIELD,  t.  Herkimer  eo.  N.Y.  10  m. 
SW.  from  Herkimer,  10  S.  from  Utica.  Pop. 
1,778. 

WINFIELD,  or  Marlborough,  t.  Marlbo- 
rough district,  S.  C. 

WINHALL,  t  Bennington  co.  Vt.  about 
60  m.  NE.  from  Albany  in  N.  Y.  and  25  m. 
W.  from  Bellows  Falls.    Pop.  571. 

WINNIPEG  LAKE,  N.  America,  the 
source  of  the  highest  branch  of  the  Mississippi 
river.    Lon.  95°  8'  W. ;  lat.  47°  16'  N. 

WINNIPISEOGEE  LAKE,  N.H.  in  Straf- 
ford CO.  20  m.  long,  and  8,  where  widest, 
broad.  It  is  a  beautiful  lake,  of  a  very  irregu- 
lar form,  and  contains  a  number  of  islands. 

WINNIPISEOGEE,  r.  N.  H.  runs  from 
Lake  Winnipiseogee  into  the  Merrimack,  S. 
of  Sanbornton. 

WINNSBOROrjGH,  t.  and  cap.  Fairfield 
CO.  S.  C.  8  m.  W.  of  the  Wateree,  30  m.  NNW. 


WIN— woo 


443 


Marlbo- 


from  Columbiu,  145  NNVV.  from  Clmrlratoii. 
It  contaiiiH  a  coiirt-liouso  and  u  juil. 

WINSL<)W,t.  Kniiifl)Ock  ro.  Mc.  on  lli.' 
Kenncbfck,  opjwsile  Watcrville,  IG  in.  N.  from 
Auffusta,  1!)G  NNE.  from  Uostnn.    Vo\}flfir>[). 

WINSTP:I),  v.  and  pari.sh,  in  Litchfield  en. 
Ct.  in  NE.  part  of  WinclicHtir,  containing 
flourishing'  manufacturcB. 

WINTilROP,  t.  KcnnclK-ck  co.  Mc.  11  m. 
W.  from  Augusta,  IGO  NNR,  from  Itoston. 
Pop.  1,887.  It  is  a  considerable  and  flourish- 
ing town,  and  has  manufactures  of  cotton  and 
woo!,  and  also  of  copperas. 

WINTON,  cap.  Hertford  co.  N.  C.  on  the 
Chowan,  35  m.  NNW.  from  Edunton.  It 
contains  but  a  few  houiKs. 

WINTONBURY,  v.  Hurtford  co.  Ct. 

WINYAW  BAY,  S.  C.  formed  by  the 
junction  of  tlic  Pedec,  Wakkamaw,  and  Wi- 
nce.    It  is  12  m.  long. 

WISCASSET,  t.  port  of  entry,  and  cap. 
Lincoln  co.  Mo.  on  W.  side  the  Shre|)8cot,  8 
m.  NE.  from  Bath,  43  NE.  from  Portland,  ItiO 
NE.  from  Boston,  GOO  from  W.  I-on.  90°  40' 
VV. ;  lat.  430  N.  Pop.  2,244.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
meeting-house,  an  academy,  a  bank,  an  insu- 
rance oflice,  and  has  considerable  trade.  The 
harlwr  is  rarely  frozen. 

WISER'S  CREEK,  r.  N.  America,  runs 
into  the  Missouri,  342  m.  below  the  Great  Falls. 

VVISESBURG,  V.  Baltimore  co.  Md.  25  m. 
N\V.  from  Baltimore. 

WOBURN,  t  Middlesex  co.  Mass.  10  ni. 
N.  from  Boston.    Fop.  1,977. 

WOLCOTT,  L  Orleans  co.  Vt  28  m.  N. 
from  Montpelier.    Pop.  492. 

WOLCOTT,  t.  New  Haven  co.  Ct.  23  m. 
N.  from  New  Haven.    Pop.  844. 

WOLCOTT,  t  Wayne  co.  N.  Y.  on  S.  side 
of  Lake  Ontario,  200  ni.  W.  from  Albany. 
Pop.  1,085. 

WOLCOTTSVILLE,  v.  Litchfield  co.  Ct. 

WOLF  ISLAND,  or  Grande,  isl.  at  NE. 
end  of  Lake  Ontario.  Lon.  75°  50'  W. ;  lat. 
44°  N. 

WOLF  RIVER,  r.  Ten.  runs  into  the  Mis- 
sissippi,  N.  of  Chickasaw  Bluft". 

WOLF  RIVER,  r.  La.  runs  into  the  Mis- 
souri, 4G4  m.  from  the  Missouri. 

WOLF  RIVER,  r.  Mis.  runs  S.  into  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  22  m.  E.  from  Pearl  river. 
Length  140  m.  It  forms  a  considerable  bay 
at  its  mouth,  called  St.  Louis's  Bay. 

WOLF  ISLAND,  small  isl.  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  coast  of  Georgia.  Lon.  81°  30'  W. ; 
lat.  31°  19'  N. 

WOLFEBOROUGH,  t.  Strafford  co.  N.  II. 
on  NE.  side  of  Lake  Winnipiseogee,  50  m. 
NNW.  from  Portsmouth.    Pop,  1,928. 

WALLAWOLLAH,  r.  N.  America,  runs 
into  the  Columbia,  below  Lewis's  river. 

WOLVES'  ISLANDS,  cluster  of  small  isl- 
ands near  E.  coast  of  Maine.  Lon.  GG°  50' 
W. ;  lat.  45°  4'  N. 

WOMELSDORF,  v.  Berks  co.  Pa.  G8  iti, 
WNW.  from  Philadelphia. 

WOOD,  CO.  NW.  part  of  Va.  bounded  NE. 
by  Ohio  and  Harrison  cos.  SE.  by  Harrison 


and  Keniiawa  cos.  SW.  by  Kinhawa  and 
Mason  counties,  and  NW.  by  the  Ohio.  Pop. 
(i,409.     Chief  town,  ParkcrslHirg. 

WOOD,  northern  co.  of  the  New  Purchase, 
Ohio,  boimded  N.  by  Michigan,  E.  by  San- 
dusky and  Seneca,  S.  by  Hancock,  and  W.  by 
Henry  cos.  It  is  31  m.  long  from  N.  to  S. 
by  24  broad  from  E.  to  W.  Pop.  1,095.  Chief 
town,  Perrysbiirg. 

WOOD  CREEK,  r.  N.  Y.  runs  N.  into  S. 
end  of  Lake  Chiimplain.    Length  23  m. 

WOOD  CREEK,  r.  Oneida  co.  N.  Y.  nuis 
W.  into  Oneida  Lake.  It  is  connected  with 
the  Mohawk  by  a  cannl,  1  i  m.  long,  and  navi- 
gable for  boats  of  12  or  15  tors. 

WOOD  ISLAND,  small  isl.  near  the  coast 
of  Maine,  15  m.  NE.  from  Capo  Porpoise. 
Lon.  7(»°  24'  W. ;  lat.  43°  26'  N. 

WOOD,  r.  N.  America,  runs  into  the  Mis- 
sissippi,  lon.  92°  35'  W. ;  lat.  44°  N. 

WOODimiDGE,  t.  New  Haven  co.Ct.  7 
m.  NW.  from  New  Haven.    Poj).  2,049. 

WOODBRIDGE,  t.  Middlesex  co.  N.  J. 
W.  of  Arthur  Kull  Sound,  3  m.  NNW.  from 
Amboy.  Pop.  .3,9W>.  The  village  contains  an 
Episcopal  ond  Presbyterian  church. 

WOODBURY,  t.  Caledonia  co.  Vt.  19  m. 
NE.  from  Montpelier.    Pop.  824. 

WOODBURY,  t.  Litchfield  co.  Ct.  IG  m.  S. 
from  latehfield.     Pop.  2,045. 

WOODBURY,  t.  and  cap.  Gloucester  co. 
N.  J.  9  m.  S.  from  Philadelphia.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  a  Quaker 
meeting-houso,  and  upwards  of  100  houses. 

WOODFORD,  t.  Bennington  co.  Vt.  8  m. 
E.  from  Bennington.    Pop.  395. 

WOODFORD,  CO.  central  part  of  Ken. 
Pop.  12,294.    Chief  town,  Versailles. 

WOODSBOROUGH,  t.  Frederick  co.  Md. 
11m.  NF,  from  Fredericktown. 

WOODSFIEIiD,  t.  and  cap.  Monroe  co, 
Ohio,  31  m.  SW.  from  St.  Clairsville,  35  m. 
N.  from  Marietta,  294  from  W.    Pop.  157, 

WOODS,  Lake  of  the,  lake  of  N,  America, 
90  m.  long,  and  30  where  broadest,  but  very 
irregular  in  its  shape.  It  lies  Ixitween  the 
Winni|)cg  and  Lake  Superior,  chiefly  in  U.  C. 
but  tlic  S.  jiart  is  in  the  territory  of  the  U.  S. 
The  lands  on  its  banks  arc  covered  with  oaks, 
pines,  firs,  &c. 

Wf)ODSTOCK,  t.  Oxford  co.  Me.  8  m.  N. 
from  Paris,    Pop.  573. 

WOODSTOCK,  t.  and  cap.  Windsor  co. 
Vt.  14  m.  NW.  from  Windsor,  47  S.  from 
Montpelier.  Pop.  3,044.  Here  is  a  pleasant 
and  handsome  village,  situated  on  the  Water- 
qmecliy,  containing  a  court-house,  a  jail,  and 
a  Congregational  meeting-house,  and  it  has 
some  trade. 

WOODSTOCK,  t.  Windham  co.  Ct.  6  m. 
N.  from  Pomfret,40  ENE.  from  Hartford.  Pop. 
2,928.  It  consists  of  3  parishes,  is  a  valuable 
agric!iltnral  town,  and  contains  an  academy. 

WOODSTOCK,  t.  and  cap.  Shenandoah  co. 
Va.  12  m.  SSW.  from  Strasburg,  30  SSW.  from 
Winchester.  It  is  a  pleasant  town,  and  con- 
tains a  handsome  stone  court-house,  a  jail,  an 
academy,  a  market-house,  4  houses  of  public 
worship,  for  German  Lutherans,  Presbyterians, 


444 


WOO^WYT 


f''''.' 


U! 


Si  in 
1  ^l  '  ^ 


EpiRcnptilians,  and  Mnthodiat<3,  niid  almut  600 
inhnbitantx. 

W(M)1>ST(X;K,  t.  Ulster  c.o.  N.  Y.  14  rii. 
NW.  from  Kiui^sfon.  Hero  urc  iron  workM, 
and  3  (rlaiw  mannflictoricH. 

W(K)DST(X;K,  t.  Ilydo  co.  N.C. 

Wt)ODSTOWN,  V.  Suhii.i  en.  N.  J.  It  is 
a  plcamtnt  place,  rnntiiiiiH  n  (Quaker  iiiocting- 
houHc,  and  idmiit  HO  (IwnlliiifrR, 

WOODVILLE,  V.  Jcrtcrson  co.  N.Y.  158 
m.  NW.  from  Albany. 

WOODVILLE,  V.  in  the  western  angle  of 
Culpepcr  CO.  Va.  1)8  m.  SW,  by  W.  from  W. 
and  128  NNW.  from  Richmond. 

WOODVILLE,  V,  on  Pamunky  r.  Han- 
over  CO.  Va.  30  m.  a  little  W.  of  N.  from  Rich- 
mond. 

WOODVILLE,  V,  PcrqtiimanB  co.  N.  C. 
231  m.  NE.  by  E.  from  Raleifrli. 

WOODVILLE,  v.  Warren  co.  Ten.  about 
20  m.  E.  from  Murfreesborough. 

WOODVILLE,  V,  and  seat  of  justice,  Wil- 
kinson  co.  Mis.  38  m.  a  little  E.  of  S.  from 
Natchez.  Pop,  about  700.  The  vicinity  of 
Woodville,  watered  by  tlic  .branches  of  Ruftulo 
and  Bayou  Sara,  is  one  of  the  most  j>ro(luctivc 
cotton  tract*  in  Mississippi  or  Louisiana.  l)is. 
tanccfrom  W,  1,182  m. 

WOOLWIOH,  t.  Lincoln  co.  Mc.  on  the 
Kenncbcck,  opposite  Bath,  7  ni.W.  from  Wis- 
cassct,  1.52  NE.  from  Boston,  (J20  from  VV. 
Pop.  1,484. 

WOOLWICH,  t.  Gloucester  co.  N.  J.  Pop. 
3,033. 

WOOSTER,  t.  and  cap.  Wayne  co.  Ohio, 
at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Killbuc'c,  4.'> 
m.  S.  from  Lake  Erie,  65  N.  from  Zanesvillc, 
123  W.  from  Pittsburg,  .370  from  W.  Lnt.40o 
46'  N.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  contuuis 
a  bank,  a  land-office,  a  printing-office,  and  977 
inhabitants.  Two  m.  NW.  of  the  town  a  well 
for  Bait  water  has  been  sunk  280  ibct  deep.  It 
fhrnishcs  very  salt  water  in  large  quantities. 

WORCESTER,  t.  Washington  co.  Vt.  10  m. 
N.  from  Montpelier.    Pop.  432. 

WORCESTER,  t.  and  cap'.  Worcester  co. 
Mass.  39  m.  NNW.  from  Providence,  40  W. 
by  S.  from  Boston,  295  from  W.  Pop.  4,172. 
It  contains  an  elegant  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
bank,  2  paper-mills,  2  printing-offices,  from 
each  of  which  is  issued  a  weekly  newspaper, 
and  3  houses  of  public  worehip,  2  for  Congre- 
gationalists,  and  1  for  Baptists.  It  is  pleas- 
antly situated,  and  is  the  largest  inland  town 
in  New  England,  and  is  a  place  of  much  wealth 
and  trade.  The  principal  street  is  upwards 
of  a  mile  in  length.  The  town  is  handsomely 
built,  and  the  neighboring  country  is  very 
pleasant  and  well  cultivated.  Here  is  the  li- 
brary of  the  American  Antiquarian  Society, 
consiating  of  6,000  volumes.  A  State  Insane 
Asyhmi  has  recently  been  established  here.  A 
cattle  show  is  held  here  annually.  It  has  a 
communication  with  the  waters  of  Narraga  - 
Bet  Bay  by  the  Blackstonc  canal. 

WORCESTER,  co.  Md.  bounded  N.  by 
Delaware,  E.  by  the  Atlantic,  S.  by  Virginia, 
and  W.  by  Somerset  co.  Pop.  18,271.  Chief 
town,  SnowhilL 


WORCriSTER,  rn.  Mass.  Imtmdrd  N.  by 
New  KairipMliiri',  I'!,  by  Midiilcsrx  and  Nor- 
folk f'os.  S.  Iiy  Ifhiwle  Isiniid  and  ( 'oiincrtieut, 
and  W.  by  llanipdi  ti,  llanipsliire,  and  Frank- 
lin CO*     l'<i|).  H  l,;j(i."». 

W(»R(RS'ri;i{,  t.  Otsego  fo.  N.Y.  i:{  m. 
SI'i,  from  ( '(Mipcrsfown.     I 'op.  2,(1 1. '1. 

VVOIK^KSTKR,  t.  Wasliinglon  eo.  Ohio. 
Pop.  l.'l.'i.-J. 

W(>R'l"riIN(JTON,  t.  Ilampshirc  co.  Mass. 

20  III.  WN VV.  from  NorUiampton,  100  W.  I'roiii 
Boston. 

WORTHINtJTON  v.  Franklin  co.  Ohio, 
on  the  Whttstone,  9  m.  NNE.  from  Columbus. 
Its  situat;  <u  is  a  pleasant  one,  and  it  contains 
an  ar^deiny  and  a  large  woollen  manufactory. 
Pop.  .'111. 

WRKNTHAM,  t.  Norfolk  co.  Mass.  19  ni. 
NW.  from  Taunton,  32  SW.  from  Boston,  420 
from  W.  Pop.  2,765.  It  is  a  considerablu 
town,  and  contains  an  academy,  and  a  cotton 
manufactory.  (»reat  numbers  of  straw  Iwn- 
ncts  are  inade  in  this  town. 

WRIGHTSBOROUGH,  v.  Union  district, 
S  C. 

WRIGHTSBOROUGH,  v.  Columbia  co. 
Geo.- 

WRIGHTSTOWN,  v.  Burlinirton  co.  N..T. 

21  m.  SSE.  from  Trenton,  and  30  NE.  by  E. 
from  Philadelphia. 

WRKiHTSVlLLE,  v.  York  co.  Pa.  on  W. 
side  of  the  Susquehannah,  opposite  Columbia, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge. 

WRIGHTSVILLE,  v.  Duplin  co.  N.  C.  89 
m.  SE.  from  Rahiigh. 

WYACONDA,  r.  La.  runs  into  the  Missis- 
sippi,  .34  in.  below  the  Moines. 

WYALUSING,  T.  Pa.  runs  into  the  E. 
branch  of  the  Snsquehannah,  8  or  10  ni.  Ijc- 
low  Asylum. 

WYE,  creek  of  Md,  separating  Queen  Anne 
from  Talbot  co.  and  falling  into  Chesapeake 
bay,  opposite  the  S.  end  of  Kent  island. 

WYE  MILLS,  v.  Talbot  co.  Md. 

WYLLIESBURG,  t.  Charlotte  co.  Vo. 

WYNANT'S  KILL,  r.  N.  Y.  runs  into 
the  Hudson,  in  Troy,  2  m.  S.  from  Poesten's 
KiU. 

WYOMING,  or  Kingston,  v.  Luzerne  co. 
Pa.  on  Susquchanimh  river,  1  m.  from,  and  di- 
rectly opposite,  WilkeSbarre.  This  village 
stands  similar  to  Wilkcsharre,  on  an  elevated 
alluvial  plain ;  they  are  in  full  view  from  each 
other, 

WYSAUKEN  CREEK,  r.  Pa.  runs  into  E. 
branch  of  the  Susquehannah,  6  or  8  m.  above 
Asylum. 

WYSOX,  small  creek  of  Bradford  co.  Pa. 
falling  into  tlie  Susquehannah,  5  m.  below  To- 
wanda. 

WYTHE,  CO.  SW.  part  of  Va.  bounded 
NNW.  by  Tazewell  co.  NE.  by  Montgomery, 
SSE.  by  Grayson  co.  and  W.  by  Washington 
CO.  340  from  W.  Pop.  12,163.  Chief  town, 
Evansham. 

WYTHE  COURT-HOUSE,  or  Evansham, 
v.  and  scat  of  justice,  AVythe  co.  Va.  58  miles 
NE.  of  Abington,  31  SW.  of  Inglisvillc,  and 
351  fiom  W,    Lat.  36'  50'  N.;  Ion.  4°  10'  W 


XAG-YOR 


445 


izerne  co. 
,  and  (li- 
villafTo 
(;levat(!(l 
rom  each 


^vansham, 
.  58  miles 
iville,  and 
40  10'  W 


XAfUTA,  B-p.  of  the  S.  const  of  tho  iBinnd 
of  ('uba,  onn  of  the  finest. in  America,  Ht  in. 
SR  of  Havoniu     Lon.  80^   I.V  VV. ;  lat  22^ 

in'N. 

XALAPA,  t  of  New  Spain,  in  tho  provinre 
of  'I'lascula.  witli  a  bisliop's  Meo.  IjOII.  \)H°  20' 
W.;  lat  1!P32'N. 

XALISCX),  a  t  of  Mexico,  in  a  province  of 
its  riainc,  14  ni.  NW.  of  Conipostella. 

XFJNIA,  t  and  caj).  Greene  co.  Ohio,  on  the 
Shawnee  Creek,  3  ni.  from  the  Little  Miami, 
30  m.  SW.  from  Urbanna,  55  NNE.  from  Cin 
cinnati,  453  from  W.  It  in  a  ilouriHlung  town, 
and  containH  a  court.housc,  a  jail,  an  academy, 
Tlierc  are  HcvtriJ  houses  oi"  jmldlc  worship 
in  the  villujje.  The  lioiiBea  rec<  ntly  built  are 
cliieily  of  brick  and  Htoae.    Pop.  919. 

T. 

YADKIN,  r.  N.  C.  rises  between  the  Alle- 
ghany and  Brushy  Mountains,  pervades  the 
oounti^B  of  Will*,  s,  Surrey,  Rowan,  Montpo- 
mery,  and  Anson,  and  flows  into  S.  C.  with  the 
name  of  the*  Great  Pedee.  In  Montgomery 
«a  it  passes  over  narrows  occasioned  by  moim^ 
tains  on  each  side,  which  contract  it  from  200 
yarcta  wide  to  about  30.  A  few  miles  below 
the  narrows  it  receives  Rosky  riv6r,  and  then 
takes  the  name  of  Great  Pedee. 

YANCEYVILLE,  v.  I/)uisa  co.  Va.  on  the 
S.  Anno,  60  m.  NW.  from  Richmond,  133 
ftoniW. 

YANTIC,  or  Norwich,  r.  Ct.  joins  the  Slie 
tucket,  at  Norwich. 

YARMOUTH,  fl-p.  Barnstable  co.  Mass.  4 
m.  E.  from  Barnstoble,  20  SSE.  from  Boston, 
488  from  W.    Pop.  2,251. 

YATES,  CO.  N.  Y.  bounded  S.  by  Steuben, 
N.  by  Ontario,  E.  by  Seneca  Iiake,  and  W.  by 
Ontario  and  Canandnigua  Lake.  Length  21 
m,  width  12.  Surface  generally  hilly,  soil 
fertile,  and  well  wooded.  Chief  town,  Pcnn 
Yan.     Pop.  19,019. 

YAZOO,  r.  Mis.  rises  in  lat.  35'^  N.  near 
the  borders  of  Tennessee,  and  runs  SSW.  and 
flows  into  the  Mississippi,  12  m.  above  Wal- 
nut Hills,  142  above  Natchfcz.  It  is  about  230 
m.  long,  and  navigable  100  m. 

YAZ(X),  Little,  r.  Mis.  runs  SSW.  into  the 
Missijijippi,  15  m.  S.  from  Palmyra. 

YAZOO,  CO.  of  Mis.  on  the  Yazoo  river. 
Pop.  6,.')50.    Chief  town,  Benton. 

YELLOW-BUSHA,  or  Yalo-Bushur,  an 
ca.«ttern  branch  of  the  Yazoo,  Mis.  A  mis- 
sionary station,  named  Elliot,  was  established, 
in  1818,  on  this  river,  120  m.  above  the  mouth 
of  the  Yazoo. 

YELLOW-BREECHES  CREEK,  r.  Pa. 
nms  into  thd  Susquchannah,  on  the  W.  side,  3 
ra.  below  Harrisburg. 

YELIX)W  CREEK,  t  Columbiana  co. 
Ohio.    Pop.  1,149. 

YELLOW  CREEK,  Great  and  Little,  two 
streams,  Ohio,  which  flow  into  Ohio  river  in 
SE.  corner  of  Colinnbiana  co.  4  m.  a|)art. 

YELLOW  CREEK  FURNACE, .  and  v. 


Montgomery  ro.  Ten.  118  m.  NW.  from  Mur- 
freeKbornngh. 

YKF.LOW  SPRINGS,  watering  place  and 
vilhige,  ChcHtcr  eo.  Pa.  30  m.  NW  .  from  Pliil- 
adelphin.  It  Ih  a  plaer  of  ronsidrrabie  resort 
during  fhr  warm  wiiHon,  and  tlirre  arr  t\vr> 
fine  liiiti'ls  which  afl'ord  excellent  acconimiNla- 
(ions  tiir  vi><it(irH. 

YELLOW  SPRINGS,  v.  Huntingdon. co. 
Pa.  50  m.  W.  from  Harrisburg. 

YELLOW  SI*RIN(;S,  v.  near  the  northern 
boundary  offireene  cfl.Ohio,  12  m.  NNE.  from 
Xenia,  and  »;5  m.  SW.  by  W.  (rom  Columbus. 

YELLOWS'i'ONE,  r.  N.  America,  rincs 
from  Lake  Eustis  in  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
and  aficr  an  ENE.  course  of  alwut  1,100  m. 
joins  fJie  Missouri,  1,880  m.  from  tlie  Missis- 
sippi, Ion.  104=  0'  W. ;  lat  47°  50'  N,  This 
river  is  nearly  or  quite  as  largo  as  the  otiier 
branch  which  retains  the  naipe  of  Missouri. 
Its  principal  branches  are  Bighorn  and  'IVmgue 
rivers.  'I'his  river  was  explored  by  Captain 
CHark,  who  embarked  on  it,  850  m.  from  its 
moiitli,  and  tracing  it  down,  found  it  deep  and 
navigable  for  the  whole  of  tiiat  distonce. 

YELLOW  WATER,  r.  rises  in  Al.  runs 
nearly  S.  into  Florida,  and  falls  into  I'ensacola 
Bay,  oiler  a  course  of  about  70  m.  It  is  a  fine, 
clear,  and  beautiful  stream,  rising  in  pine 
woods 

YOCOM  CREEK,  r.  Va.  runs  into  the  Po- 
tomac,  lon.  76°  36'  W.;  lat.  38°  6'  N. 

YONGUESVILLE,  v.  Fairfield  district, 
S.  C.  42  m.  N.  from  Columbus. 

YONKERS,  t.  Westchester  co.  N.  Y.  on 
E.  bank  of  tlic  Hudson,  20  m.  N.  from  N-  York. 
Pop.  1,761. 

YORK,  city  of  U.  C.  is  ♦n  about  43°  35'  N. 
lat.  and  is  the  present  scat  of  the  government 
of  U.  C.  It  is  most  beautifully  situated  within 
an  excellent  harbor  of  the  same  name,  made 
by  a  long  peninsula,  whicli  confines  a  basin 
of  water  puflicicntly  large  to  contain  a  consid- 
erable fleet    Pop.  about  3,500. 

YORK,  SW  CO.  of  Me.  bounded  by  the  At- 
lantic Ocean  "SE.  Piscataquo  river,  or  New 
Hampshire  SW.  N.  HampsJiire  W.  Oxford  co. 
Maine  N.  and  Cumberland  NE.  Length  50 
m.  mean  width  20.  Its  principal  river,  Saco. 
Chief  town,  York.  Pop.  in  1820,  4G,283 ;  in 
1830,  51,710. 

YORK,  t.  and  scat  of  justice,  York  ro.  Me. 
on  York  river,  near  the  ocean,  10  in.  Nfl.  .of 
Portsmouth,  16  S.  of  Wells,  and  22  of  Kenne- 
bunk.    Pop.  3,485. 

YORK,  t.  on  tJic  W.  side  of  Gcncsrc  river, 
Livingston  co.  N.  Y.  25  m.  SSW.  from  Roches- 
ter, and  40  m.  W.  from  Canandaigua.  Pop. 
2,636. 

YORK,  or  Yorktown,  t.  Westchester  co. 
N.  Y.  45  m.  N.  from  New  York.    Pop.  2,141. 

YORK,  CO.  S.  side  of  Pa.  hounded  NE.  by  the 
Susquchannah,  which  separates  it  from  n.-m- 
phin  and  Lancaster  cos.  S.  by  Maryland,  W. 
by  Adams  co.  and  NNW.  by  Cumberland  co. 
Pop.  42,658.    Chief  town,  York. 

YORK,  hor.  nnd  cap.  York  co.  Pa.  on  Codo- 
rus  creek,  22  m.  WSW.  from  Lancaster,  48  N. 
from  B.i]timore,.')2  E.  from  Chamliersburg,  85 


446 


YOR-ZAN 


W.  from  PhllncWpliia,  fiO  fVmn  W.  Lon.  7fi° 
4(»'  W.;  luL  mo  M'  N.  Pop.  4,i»l(;.  It  in  a 
))l<nHiint  niid  tloiiriHhin);  town,  rcffiiliirly  IhkI 
(Hit,  uikI  contaiiiH  u  conrt-liniiNv,  ii  jiiil,  ii  iiiarkrt- 
lioiiHi',  nn  altiiH-hoiiw),  n  ri'i;iHfi'r'(i  iiU'if*',  nn 
I'lliiMcopiil  iicii(l(>iny,  iiiiii  10  liniiWK  nP  public 
worMliip,  for  KpiHcopulians,  KnjfliHli  PrcHbyti-- 
riaiiB.itiTiiian  l'rcMl)ytiriuMH,(iermttii  Liitlior- 
nni^  lloniaii  ('nthnlicK,  IVfuthrMliHtH,  FritiutN,  and 
Moruviunfl.  A  Inrj,')'  nuinlHT  ot"  tlio  Iiouh(;h 
here  arc  handHoniu  and  Hpacioim  HtriicturcH  of 
briok. 

YORK,  CO.  E.  side  of  Vn.  bonndrd  N.  by 
York  river,  K.  I)y  ( 'besa()tNiki!  Hay,  S.  by  Kli/a- 
bctlil'ity,  Warwick,  and  JaniosC'ity  coh.  and 
W.  by  JamcB  City  co.  Pop.  5,354.  Chief  town, 
Yorktown. 

YORK,  a  short  and  navifrablo  river,  Va. 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  Paninnky  and  Mat. 
tu|>ony.  It  flowB  intotlioChcHuiHiakc,  oppoHitc 
Cape  Charles. 

YORK,  t  Athens  CO.  Ohio.     Pop.  871. 

YORK,  t.  Relmont  co.  Ohio.     Pop.  1,420. 

YORK,  district,  N  partofa.C.  Pop.l7^785. 

YORK,  t.  and  cap.  York  district,  S.  C.  30  m. 
N.  from  Columbia,  438  from  W. 

YORK  BAY,  a  bay  on  tJie  SW.  coast  of  the 
island  of  St.  Vincent,  2  m.  NW.  from  Kingston 
Bay. 

YORK  FORT,  fort  at  the  mouth  of  Nelson's 
river,  in  Hudson's  Bay.  Lon.  92°  46'  W. ;  kt. 
57°  2' N. 

YORK  HAVEN,  v.  York  co.  Pa. 
'     YORK  SULPHUR  SPRINGS,  v.  Adams 
CO.  Pa. 

YORKTOWN,  or  York,  t.  port  of  entry, 
and  cap.  York  co.  Va.  on  S.  side  of  York  river, 
12  m.  ESE.  from  Williamsburg,  29  N  W.  from 
Norfolk,  7a  ESE.  from  Richmond.  Lon.  76° 
52'  W. ;  lat.  37°  22'  N.  Pop.  about  1,000.  York 
river  affords  at  this  town  the  best  harlwr  in  Vir- 
ginia.  It  is  contracted  hero  to  the  width  of  a 
mile,  and  is  inclosed  within  very  high  banks, 
under  which  the  largest  vesacla  may  ride  with 
safety.  It  is  a  place  of  some  trudc.  This 
town  is  memorable  for  the  capture  of  Lord 
Cornwallis  and  his  army  by  the  Americans,  un- 
der Gen.  Washington,  on  the  IDtli  of  October, 
1781. 

YOUNG  POINT,  cape  on  the  E.  const 
of  St.  Vincent  Lon.  61°  9'  W. ;  lat  13° 
12' N. 

.  YOUHIOGENY,  river  of  Pennsylvania  and 
Maryland,  rises  in  the  extreme  south-western 
angle  of  Maryland,  between  the  sources  of  Po- 
tomac and  Cheat  rivers.  Pursuing  a  northern 
course  over  the  western  border  of  Maryland,  it 
enters  Pennsylvania  on  tlic  E.  side  of  the  I,au 
rel  Hills,  and  piercing  botli  them  and  the  Ches. 
nut  Ridge,  flows  thence  in  a  NW.  direction, 
and  empties  into  the  Monongahela  15  m.  above, 
or  S.  of  Pittsburg. 

YOUNGSTOWN,v.  on  Niagara  river,  Ni 
agara  co.  N.  Y.  5  m.  N.  from  Lewiston,  and  20 
NW.by  W.  from  Lockport 

YOUNGSTOWN,  v.  Westmoreland  co.Pa. 


at  the  western  footof  Chc«nu»  f;  'Tf,  II  ni.  H 

(V«im  (irreuBburg,  and  l,>t*    v    i^-'n  llarris- 
l.urg. 

VOUN(JSTOWN,tin  ''-it*.'. 4:^  co.(iliio, 
on  a  branch  of  Big  Ilcnv«T  .1,8  ni.  NK.  of 
Caiificld,  andttlMUitlU)  N.  by  W.of  Pitl»h>  ig. 
Pop.  I,3H4. 

YOUN(JSVILLE,  V.  Worrcn  co.  Pa.  328 
m.  NW.  fVom  Harrisburg. 

Y I  'C A'I'A  N,  ix-niiiHuIn  and  state  of  Mexico, 
lioimdcd  by  the  (iidf  of  Mexico  N  W.  and  N.  by 
the  ("ariblican  sea  E.  by  central  America  S. 
and  by  ('liia|ia  and  TuliaHCo  SW.  Length 
from  SW.  to  Nil.  50(1  m.  mean  width  KiO; 
and  area  H(),000  sq.  nis.  "  The  jKniinsula  of 
Yncalnn,"sayH  Huinlwidt,"  of  which  the  nortli- 
ern  coast,  from  <'a|n!  Catochc,  to  the  Punta  do 
Picdras,  240  m.  is  a  vast  i)liiin,  intersected  in 
its  interior  by  a  chain  of  hills  of  little  eleva- 
tion." Though  on<!  of  the  warmest,  Yucatan  is 
among  the  most  healthy  regions  of  equinoc;tia! 
Am«Tica.  It  reacluH  from  lat  15°  40'  to 21° 
30'  N.  This  salubrity  is,  no  doubt,  owing  to 
the  dryness  of  the  soil  and  atmosphere.  Along 
the  whole  coast,  from  Capo  Catocho  to  tho 
mouth  of  the  river.  San  Fr::ncisco,  in'a  dis- 
tance of  400  m.  tho  country  does  not  afford  u 
single  spring  of  fresh  water ;  that  element  is, 
however,  abundant  in  tho  interior.  Chief 
towns,  Merida  dc.  Yucatan,  Canipcche,  and 
Valladolid  do  Yucatan.     Pop.  about  750,000. 

Z. 

ZACATECAS,  intcndency,  Mexico,  bound- 
ed N.  by  Durango,  E.  by  San  Luis  Potosi,  S. 
by  Guanaxato,  and  W.  bv  Guadalaxara.  It 
contains  an  area  of  18,00()  sq.  ms.  and  about 
160,000  inhabitants. 

ZACATECAS,  t.  Mexico,  cap.  of  the  above, 
one  of  the  most  celebrated  mining  places  of 
New  Spain,  300  m.  NNW.  from  Mexico.  Pop. 
35,000.    Lat  23°  N. 

ZACATULA,  or  Sacatula,  t.  Mexico,  on  a 
river  of  the  same  name,  near  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  95  m.  S.  from  Mechoacan.  Lon.  103° 
W.i  lat  18°  35' N. 

ZACHEO,or  Desechio,  isl.  in  the  W.  In- 
dies,  between  Hispaniola  and  Porto  Rico,  27 
m.  NE.  from  Mono. 

ZANE,  t.  Logan-  co.  Ohio.    Pop.  608. 

ZANESFIELD,  v.  Logan  co.  Ohio. 

ZANESVILLE,  v.  and  scat  of  justice  for 
Muskingum  co.  Ohio,  80  m.  W.  from  Wheel- 
ing, Va.  336  from  W.  Lat  40°  N.;  lon.  5° 
2'  W.  Pop.  3,094.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
and  public  offices;  90  or  30  stores,  several 
glass-houses,  and  2  printing-offices.  Zanes- 
ville  stands  on  the  E.  bank  of  Muskingum 
river,  immediately  adjoining  the  Falls,  on 
which  are  erected  a  large  number  of  mills, 
among  which  are  several  flouring  and  saw- 
mills, an  oil-mill,  a  rolling-mill,  a  Aail  machine, 
and  woollen  factory.  Across  tho  river,  ad- 
joining  the  town,  arc  built  two  bridges  within 
half  a  mile  of  each  other,  the  lower  connect- 
ing this  town  with  Putnam. 


III.  p. 

JK.nf 
lb' UK. 

a.  328 

lexico, 
IN.  by 
rica  S. 
I,<'iii{tli 
,li  UK); 

iRlllu  Ot* 

c  iiortli- 
'uiitti  do 
i;ct«il  in 
le  cleva- 
icatan  iH 
iiiiiw!tial 
0'  to  2P 
owiiiR  to 
e.  Along 
10  to  tho 
in 'a  dis- 
t  afford  a 
emcnt  is, 
r.     Chief 
cclic,  and 
750,000. 


CO,  bound- 

Potosi,  S. 

axara.    It 

and  about 

the  above, 

places  of 

jxico.  Pop. 

sxico,  on  a 

the  Pacific 

Lon.  103° 

Jthe  W.  In- 
fto  Rico,  27 

608. 
Iiio. 

1  justice  for 
torn  Whecl- 
I.;  lon.  5° 
^urt-house. 
Ires,  several 
Ties.    Zanes- 
luskingum 
J  Falls,  on 
er  of  mills, 
Ig  and  saw- 
|ail  machine, 
river,  ad- 
lidges  within 
Irer  connect- 


•  I 


APPENDIX. 


STATISTICAL   TABLES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


I.— IMPORTS,  EXPORTS,  AND  TONNAGR 

Of  each  State  and  T(  rritonj:  Ihr  IiiijMirls  and  E.t>portH  duriiiu;  tin-  Year  cndinff  Sep- 
tember yO,  1820 ;  nnd  llw.  Tonnnffe  reckoned  on  the  MUt  of  Dccrmher,  1828. 


• 

Vnliin  of  RxportH. 

TolHl  Vlllllf! 

Statei  and  Torri- 

toriuM. 

Viiliiu  (if  Ini- 
portH. 

i)t"  Ddiiic'Hlir 
mill  l''iirrit;ii 

Tonx  and 

tUtllK. 

KdllM'Mtic 

Foreign 

Friiiliir.e. 

I'riMliicc. 

I'mdiici;. 

Maine  .     .     . 

*742,7H1 

*  72!),l()(i 

!§!  8,726 

*  737,h:{2 

2:i2,9:J9  :n 

N.  llainpshiro 

179,88}) 

98,2(M 

7,476 

105,740 

26,2.5:$  18 

Vonnont   .     . 

2()r),:«)2 

8()H,()79 

,            , 

80H,079 

7(n  61 

MasHacliUHotts 

12,r)20,7H 

3,919,751 

4,30.5,186 

8,2.54,937 

424,511  m 

Rh(xlu  Isluud 

42:^,811 

:j:J7,4(i8 

.52,913 

3<)0,.3.Sl 

'VA,mi  61 

Connecticut  . 

3()9,r):{H 

•45(),{H5 

f5,895 

4.57,970 

fiO,8.59  .57 

New  York     . 

*1,743,M07 

12,0:M),.5(J1 

8,082,450 

20,119,011 

a5.5,.5:w  .55 

Now  Jersey  . 

78(),247 

8,022 

.      , 

8,022 

i4H,772  19 

Pennsylvania 

10,l(K),ir)2 

2,617,1.52 

1,472,873 

4,089,9:15 

104,114  43 

Delaware  .    . 

24,179 

7,195 

•            • 

7,1{)5 

i:V213  41 

Maryland  .     . 

4,804,1:^) 

3,662,273 

1,142,192 

4,804,4f)5 

170,947  71 

Columbia  Dist. 

2().'),92l 

914,285 

13,812 

928,097 

2:$,2:$2  72 

Virginia    .    . 

39.'>,8r)2 

3,783,493 

3,938 

3,787,431 

67,:302  10 

North  Carolina 

283,:M7 

564,-506 

•            • 

5»>4,,506 

.54,094  45 

South  Carolina 

1,139,618 

8,1.34,676 

40,910 

8,175,-586 

33,688  73 

Georgia    .    . 

380,293 

4,980,642 

734 

4.981,:}76 

13,9.59  24 

Alabama   .    . 

23:1,720 

1,679,385 

14,,573 

1,69:3,9.58 

10,473  02 

Louisiana  .    . 

6,857,209 

10,898,183 

1,487,877 

12,386,060 

51,903  8:3 

Ohio     .    .    . 

293 

2,004 

•            • 

2,004 

2,:388  a5 

Michigan  Ten 

2,957 

•            « 

•            • 

,            , 

470  93 

Florida      .    . 

1.53,642 

38,163 

17,923 

.56,086 

2,781  91 
1,741,:391 

Total     .    . 

74,492,.527 

.55,7(K),193 

1(),().58,478 

72,.358,()71 

IJ. — Compensation  to  Officers  of  the  Army,  including  Pay,  Subsistence,  Forage,  Fuel, 

Quarters,  and  Expense  for  Servants. 


Major  General  .  . 
Brigadier  General 
Adjutant  General  . 
Inspector  General  . 
Com'y  Gen.  of  Sub. 
Col.  of  Ordnance  . 
Lieut  Col.  of  Ord, 
Colonel  .... 
Lieut.  Colonel  .    . 


Ptw  month. 

544,-58^ 

.370,12i 

269,54 

233,04 

261,-54 

261,-54 

220,(M) 

246,54 

20.5,(K) 


I  IVr  ann. 

6,,5.T>,0() 
i  4,441,50 
3,234,48 
2,796,48 
3,1:38,48 
3,1:38,48 
2,f>40,00 
2,958,48 
2,460,(H) 


Maj.  of  Staff 
Major  .  .  . 
Surgeon  .  . 
Assa  Surgeon 
Capt.  of  Ord. 
Captain  .  . 
Lieut,  of  Ord. 
Ist  Lieutenant 
2d  Lieutenant 


Per  month 

176,49J 

182,83;' 

125,83| 

1()2,;37; 

142,87S 

i:32,87| 

115,89| 

112,.5f5;^ 

107,.56| 


For  ann. 

2,117,92 
2,194,00 
1,510,00 
1,228,.50 
1,714,50 
1,.594,.50 
1,:390,74 
1,:3.50,75 
1,290,75 


448 


APPENDIX. 


h.'f'tSA '  •■ 


III.— INSPECTIONS  OF  FLOUR. 
Inspections  of  Wfieat  and  Rye  Flbiir  and  Corn  Meal  in  the  principal  Ports  of 
United  States,  for  the  year  ending  September  30,  1830 ;  also  the  amount  fir 
preceding  nine  years. 


the 
the 


riacps. 

WJieat  Flour. 

Rye  Flour. 

«;orn  Mf  al.            | 

Albany,  New  York 
New  York  .    .    . 
Philadelphia    .    . 
Baltimore    .     .     . 
Georgetown,  D.  C. 
Alexandria,  D.  C. 
Fredericksburg,  Va. 
Falmouth,  Va. .    .  ' 
Richmond,  Va. 
Petersburgh,  &-c. . 
New  Orleans,  .    . 

Uarrel;). 

43,215 
827,370 
473,876 
597,804 
139,713 
187,432 

79,336 

46,406 
251,024 

72,000 
133,700 

UurrelB. 

15,191 

21,712 

4,436 

•         • 

1 

10,316 

7,498 
558 

•         • 

buirels. 

9,663 
19,949 

5,458 

Total,     1830    . 
1829    . 
1828    . 
"        1827    . 
1826    . 
1825    . 
1824    . 
1823    .    . 
1822    .    . 
1821    .    . 

2,851,876 
2,255,132 
2,245,257 
2,061,459 
2,031,558 
1,882,611 
1,714,410 
1,557,724 
1,599,973 
l,707,a50 

41,351 
77,945 
55,239 
34,4S7 
27,282 
57,419 
68,380 
75,620 
59,363 
43,976 

18,372 
17,891 
19,178 
16,869 
18,619 
14,781 
17,192 
14,705 
15,157 
17,449 

35,070 
51,666 
78,958 
51,192 
36,979 
51,297 
70,415 
36,863 
32,274 
40,693 

IV. — Table  shou'.ig  the  whole  Quantity  of  Land, in  those  States  and  Territories  in 
which  Public  Land  is  situated ;  the  Quantity  of  Public  Land  to  which  the  Indian 
title  had  been  extinguished  June  30,  1828 ;  and  the  Quantity  to  which  it  had  not 
been  extinguished  June  30, 1828. 


State  or  Territory. 


Tennessee 

Mississippi 

Indiana 

Ohio 

Ix)uisiana 

Illinois 

Michigan  Territory  (peninsular) 
Arkansas     do.    ....     . 

Missouri , 

Florida  Territory      .    .    .     , 
Alabama 

Territory  of  Huron  lying  west 
of  lake  Michigan  andeast  of 
the  Mississippi  river  .     .     . 

Great  Western  Territory,  eX' 
te*>.ding  from  the  Mississippi 
river  to  the  Pacific  ocean  . 

Add  quantity  to  whicli  the  In- 
dian title  IB  extinguished    . 

Total  acres  belonging  to  the 
Unitwl  States 


Whole    quail 
tjty  of  land  in 
eacli    State    or 
Territory. 


ACRES. 


26,432,000 
31,074,234 
22,459,669 
24,810,246 
31,463,040 
35,941,902 
24,939,870 
28,899,520 
39,119,019 
35,286,760 
34,001,226 


334,627486 


56,804,854 


750,000,000 


1,140,432,330 


Cluaiitlty  of 
land  belonging 
to  the  U.  States, 
to  which  the  In- 
dian title  is  ex- 
tinguished. 


3,0(K),000 
11,514,517 
12,308,455 

4,984,348 
25,364,197 
23,575,300 
16,393,420 
26,770,941 
a5,263,541 
29,728,300 
19,709,679 


Quantity  of 
land  belonging 
to  the  U.  States, 
to  which  the  In- 
dian title  is  not 
extinguished. 


205,672,698 


16,885,760 

5,335,632 

409,501 

none 
6,424,640 
7,378,400 

none 

none 
4.032,640 
9,519,066 


49,085,639 


56,804,834 


750,000,000 


85(),7yO,473 
20.^672,698 


1,062,403,171 


of  the 
fir  Ihe 


m 

366 

958 

192 

,979 

,297 

,415 

,,863 

!,274 

),693^ 

rrritories  in 
h  the  Indian 
:h  it  had  not 


Lity 

'longing 
States,) 
the  In-I 

|e  is  not) 
<hed. 


124,640 
378,400 


1804,834 

Uhxooo 

1672^981 
l,403,17lj 


APPENDIX.  449 

v.— PUBLIC  DEBT. 
Table  showing  the  amw-rJ  of  the  Public  Debt  of  the  United  States,  at  several  periods. 


from  17&1  to  1830,  reckoned  on  the  1st  of  January  of  the  different  years. 

^  from  ililes's  Register,] 


[Partiy 


1791 
1796 
1799 
1801 
1803 
1H()4 
1«09 
1810 
1812 
1813 
1816 
1817 
1820 
1S:;>1 
1H22 
1823 
1824 
1825 
1820 
1827 
1828 
1829 
18:30 
1831 
1832 


95  75,169,974 
81,642,272 
77,399,909 
82,0(»;),167 
74,731,rj22 
85,353,043 
5(),732,379 
53,156,5;32 
4i^,035,123 
55,007,452 
123,016,375 
115,807,805 
91,015,566 
89,987,427 
93,546,670 
90,375,877 
90,269,777 
83,788,432 
81,054,059 
73,987,357 
67,475,622 
58,:3(J2,135 
48,565,405 

24,322,235 


f  There  was  Home  increase  of  the  Debt  in  each  of  these  six  years,  ex- 
K  cept  17'J4,  in  which  tlierc  was  a  reduction  of  it. 

I  The  Debt  was  jiicroascd  in  consequence  of  the;  military  preparations 
>  auainst  France,  before  the  year  1801,  when  Mr.  Juliurson's  adininistru 
\  tiun  commenced. 

)  The  Debt  was  increased  by  the  purchase  of  liouisiana,  in  1803,  for  the 
(  sum  of  $15,000,000.  Mr.  Jelterson's  udniinistraliou  ended  March  3,  IHOO. 

r  The  Debt  was  at  its  lowest  amount  in  1812,  in  Mr.  Madison's  admin 
.  '  tration,  and  before  tlie  war. 

The  Debt  greatly  augmented  by  the  war;— highest  amount  in  1816. 

Mr.  Monroe's  administration.    Uapid  reduction  of  the  Debt  since 
181U,  the  receipts  from  the  customs,  &,c.  being  large. 

The  Debt  increased  in  consequence  of  the  purchase  of  Florida,  in 
^  1821,  for  the^sum  of  $5,000,000;  and  a  diminution  in  the  receipts  from 
'  the  customs, '-tc.  in  the  years  1820, 1821,  &c.  Mr.  Monroe's  adiuinistra 
tion  ended  in  iS2a. 


Mr.  Adams's  administration  commenced  on  the  4th  of  March,  1825, 
'  and  ended  on  the  3d  of  March,  1829. 


General  Ar  '  ew  Jackson's     'niinistration  began  March  4th,  1829. 


VI.— SLAVES  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
Number  of  Slaves  in  the  United  States,  according-  to  Five  Official  Enumerations, 


States. 


Maine  .... 
New  Hampshire  . 
Vermont  .... 
Massachusetts  .  . 
Rhode  Island  .  • 
Connecticut  ... 
New  York  ... 
New  Jersey  ... 
Pennsylvania  -  - 
Delaware  ... 
Maryland  ... 
Virginia  .... 
North  Carolina  -  . 
South  Carolina  .  - 
Georgia  .... 
Alabama .... 
Mississippi  ... 
Louisiana  ... 
Tennessee  -  -  - 
Kentucky     -    -    . 

Ohio 

Indiana  -  - 
Illinois  .... 
Missouri .... 
District  of  Columbia 
Michigan  Territory 
Arkansas  Territory 
Florida  Territory  - 
Total".     ■     ■    - 


Slaves, 
1700. 


-  0 

158 

-  16 


-  .    0 

-  948 

-  2,7G4 
21,324 
11,423 

-  3,737 

-  8,887 
103,030 
292,627 
100,572 
107,094 

29,264 


12,430 
3,417 


fi!l7,ti97- 


Slaves, 
IHOO. 


0 


.    .    0 

.     380 

.      951 

20,613 

12,422 

-  1,706 

-  6,153 
108,554 
346,968 
133,290 
146,151 

59,699 

.  3,489 


Slaves, 
1810. 


0 


13,584 
40,343 


135 


896,849 


.  -  0 
.  108 
.  310 
15,017 
10,851 

-  795 
4,177 

111,502 
392,518 
168,824 
196,365 
105,218 

17,088 

34,660 
44,535 
80,561 

-  .  0 


.   237 

-    168 

3,011 

5,395 

■     24 


1,191,364 


Slaves, 
1820. 


0 


-  -  48 
.  .  97 
.  10,088 
.      7,557 

-  .  211 
.     4,509 

-  107,398 

-  425,153 
.  205,017 

-  258,475 

-  149,656 
5  41,879 
\    32,814 

-  69,064 

-  80,107 
.  126,732 
.  .  .  0 


.  190 
.  917 
10,222 

6,377 
.  .  0 

1,617 


1,538,06/1 


Slaves, 
1830. 


.  -  .  0 

.  .  .  0 

.  .  .  0 

.  .  .  0 

-  -  14 
.  .  23 

.  -  46 

-  2,246 
.  .  386 

-  3,305 

-  102,878 

-  469,724 
.  246,462 
.  315,665 

-  217,470 
.  117,294 

-  65,659 
.  109,631 

-  142,382 
.  165,350 
.  .  .  0 
.  .  .  0 
.  .  746 

-  24,990 
.  6,050 
.  .  27 

-  4,578 

2,010,43P 


1 


450 


APPENDIX. 


VII.— NUMBER  OF  PERSONS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  100  YEARS  OLD. 

Table  showing  the  number  of  Persons  of  the  several  classes,  who  were  One  Hundred 

Years  old  and  tipwards,  according  to  the  Census  of  1830. 


States  uiid 

White 

Wlii'.u 

Slaves. 

Free  i<lacl(8.      1 

Territories. 

Males. 

Fcinalcti. 

3 

Malefl. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Total. 

Maine     .    .    . 

1 

1 

, 

5 

New  Hampshire 

3 

6 

1 

5 

15 

Vermont      .     . 

3 

5 

2 

4 

14 

Massachusetts  . 

1 

2 

5 

4 

12 

Rhode  Island    . 

• 

• 

3 

3 

6 

Connecticut     . 

4 

3 

2 

11 

20 

New  York  .    . 

35 

18 

2 

2 

22 

51 

130 

New  Jersey     . 

1 

2 

2 

, 

4 

5 

14 

Pennsylvania   . 

37 

20 

1 

9 

30 

33 

130 

Delaware    .    . 

■ 

1 

3 

3 

13 

18 

38 

Maryland     .     . 

7 

17 

50 

53 

49 

86 

262 

Virginia .     .     . 

23 

26 

122 

143 

143 

22 

479 

North  Carolina 

23 

26 

92 

114 

22 

27 

304 

South  Carolina 

14 

19 

98 

84 

19 

6 

240 

Georgia  .    .    . 

13 

22 

106 

78 

11 

6 

236 

Alabama      .    . 

15 

10 

30 

•25 

1 

6 

87 

Mississippi  -    . 

• 

2 

23 

21 

1 

• 

47 

Louisiana    .    . 

9 

1 

37 

39 

11 

28 

125 

Tennessee  .    . 

39 

27 

59 

34 

7 

6 

172 

Kentucky    .    . 

27 

11 

45 

49 

17 

17 

166 

Ohio  .... 

21 

8 

• 

• 

8 

5 

42 

Indiana  .    .    . 

10 

2 

• 

• 

2 

5 

19 

Illinois    .    .    . 

4 

1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

12 

Missouri      .    . 

2 

2 

41 

2 

2 

2 

51 

Columbia,  Dist. 

2 

• 

3 

2 

3 

8 

18 

Florida,  Ter.  . 

1 

• 

• 

• 

1 

• 

2 

Michigan,  do.  . 

1 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

1 

Arkansas,  do.  . 

1   • 

3 

1 

1 

1 

• 

7 

Total  .    .    . 

297 

234 

717 

662 

382 

359 

2,654 

« 


V'lf 


Hpi 

«l;| 

•  i'-X 

III ; 

Hi'f 

By  tliis  Table  it  will  be  seen  that  the  proportion  of  Blacks  of  100  years  old  and  up- 
wards greatly  exceeds  that  of  the  Wliites ;  but  it  may  be  remarked  that  the  ages  of 
the  Blacks  are  not  generally  so  well  known  as  those  of  the  Whites ;  and  that,  there- 
fore, the  accuracy  of  the  Census,  as  it  respects  the  ages  of  this  class,  is  less  to  be 
relied  on. 

Vni.— RELIGIOUS  DENOMINATIONS. 


Denominations. 

Minis- 
ters. 

Ch.  or 
Conff. 

Conmiu- 
nicants. 

Popula- 
tion. 

^,.43,453 

Calvinistic  Baptists 

2,ill4 

4,3S4 

304,827 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church 

1.777 

. 

476,000 

2  ■J(»,000 

Presbyterians,  General  Assembly 

1,801 

2,253 

182,017 

1,800,000 

Oongrcpationalists,  Ortliodox 

],000 

1,270 

140,000 

1  200  oco 

Protestant  Episcopal  Church      • 

558 

700 

■ 

600,1100 

Univcrsali.sts       .... 

150 

300 

- 

5i«»,000 

Roman  Catholics 

- 

■ 

- 

500,000 

Lutherans 

205 

1,200 

44,000 

400,000 

Christiana 

200 

i?00 

25,000 

275,000 

German  Reformed 

84 

400 

17,400 

200,000 

Friends,  or  Cluakers    - 

400 

• 

200,000 

Unitarians,  Congregationalists  - 

IGO 

193 

■ 

170,000 

Associate  and  other  Methodists 

•.m 

- 

35,000 

175,000 

Free-will  Haptistu 

;)oo 

400 

1H,000 

150,000 

Dutch  Reformed  -       -       .       • 

15!» 

194 

17,888 

125,000 

Mennonites         .... 

200 

- 

30,000 

120,000 

Associate  Presbyterians     • 

74 

144 

15,000 

100,000 

Cumberland  Presbyterians 

50 

75 

8,000 

100,000 

Dur.kers 

40 

40 

3,000 

30,000 

Free  Communion  Raptistg 

30 

. 

3,500 

30,000 

Scventh'duy  Baptists 

:io 

40 

2,000 

20,000 

Six-Principle  BaptiBts 

25 

30 

1,800 

20,000 

United  Rretliren,  or  Moravians 

23 

23 

2.000 

7,000 

Millennial  Church,  or  Shakers   ■ 

45 

15 

■ 

0,000 

New  Jerusalem  Church 

30 

28 

5,(H)0 

'^niancipalors.  Baptists 

15 

(JOO 

4, .500 

JewM,  and  others  not  mentioned 

1,50 

SO.IMK) 

SOLD. 
iundred 


APPENDIX. 
IX.— PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTORS. 


451 


The  followinnr  Table  shows  the  number  of  Members  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
and  Electors  of  President,  to  which  each  State  is  entitled  under  the  new  apportion- 
ment ;  also,  the  number  of  Electors  at  the  last  election ;  the  States  beiug  arranged 
according  to  representative  population. 


1 

4 

2 

6 

10 

10  I 

L4 

JO  1 

38  ' 

62 

79 

04 

140 

!36 

87 

47 

125 

172 

166 
42 
19 
12 
51 
18 
2 
1 
7 


old  and  up- 
the  ages  of 
that,  there- 
is  less  to  be 


too 

JOO 
)00 
l)(H) 
1)00 

ooo 

000 
000 
000 


States. 


1  New  York* 

2  Pennsylvania*  . . . 

3  Virjrinia* 

4  Oliio* 

5  North  Carolina* . . 

6  Kentucky* 

7  Tenncsseet 

8  Massachusetts*  . . 

9  Soutli  Carolinat  . . 

10  Georgia* 

11  Marylandt 

12  Maine* 

13  Indiana* 

14  New  Jersey* 

15  Connecticut* 

16  Vermont* 

17  Now  Hampshire*. 

18  Alabama* 

19  Louisiana* 

20  Illinois* 

21  Rhode  Island*  . . . 

22  Missouri* 

23  Mississippi* 

24  Delaware* 


Total. 


Reps. 

Electors, 
ih:«. 

Electors, 
1828. 

40 

42 

3G 

28 

30 

28 

21 

23 

24 

19 

21 

IG 

13 

15 

15 

13 

15 

14 

13 

15 

11 

12 

14 

15 

9 

11 

11 

9 

11 

9 

8 

10 

11 

8 

10 

9 

7 

9 

5 

6 

8 

8 

6 

8 

8 

5 

7 

7 

5 

7 

8 

5 

7 

5 

3 

5 

5 

3 

5 

3 

2 

4 

4 

2 

4 

3 

2 

4 

3 

1 

3 

3 

240 

288 

261 

*  Electors  chosen  by  iiie  people  by  general  ticket, 
t    do.  do.  by  districts. 

i  Elcictors  appointed  by  the  Legislature;  South  Carolina  being  the 
only  State  where  they  are  not  chosen  by  the  people. 
Required  number  to  constitute  an  eler tion  by  the  people,  145. 


X.— BRITISH  SLAVE  COLONIES  IN  THE  WEST  INDIES,  &c. 


Chartered  Colonies. 


Jamaica • ■ 

Barbadoea  ■ 

Antigua ■ 

Gret.ada < 

St.  Vincent 

St .  Christopher's 

Vevis 

Virgin  Isles ■ 

Dominica • 

Tobago 

Montserrat 

Bahamas 

Bermudas 

Croien  Colonies. 

Trinidad 

St.  Lucia 

Honduras 

Dcmerara  and  Essequibo 

Berbice 

.Africa. 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Mauriti'is 


Whites. 


1.5,000 

15,000 

2,000 

800 

1,300 

1,800 

800 

8G0 

800 

350 

500 

4,000 

5,500 

13,.5lO 

i,iw; 

300 

3,000 

000 

43,000 

8.000 

108,ii50 


Slaves. 


331,(K)0 

81,000 

30,000 

24,500 

23,500 

19,500 

9,000 

5,400 

14,500 

12,700 

6,000 

9,500 

4,050 

23,ono 

13,51.,) 

9,45C 

70,(MK/ 

21,000 

35,000 

7li,(KK) 

812,700 


Free 
Blacks. 


40,000 
5,000 
4,500 
3,700 
2,000 
2,500 
1,800 

607 
3,000 
1,200 

700 
2,800 

500 

10,000 
4,000 
2,800 
6,;)00 
1,000 

20,000 
15,100 


143,707 


Govemora. 


Earl  of  Belmont. 

Sir  James  Lyon. 

Sir  Patrick  Ross. 

Sir  James  Campbell. 

Sir  George  P.  Hill. 

William  Nicolay. 

William  Boothfoy,  Lieut.  0<n>. 

James  Bathurst,  Lieut.  Oov. 

Nathaniel  Blackwell. 
Sir  P.  Steward,  Lieut.  Oov. 
Sir  James  Carm.  Smyth. 
Stephen  R.  Chapman. 

Lewis  Gkant. 


Sir  Benjamin  D'Urban. 
Henry  Beard,  Lieut.  Oov. 

Sir  G.  Lowry  Cole. 
Sir  Charles  Colville. 


i,000 
,,500 
(,(100 


XI.— BRITISH  NORTH  AMERICAN  COLONIES. 


Provinces. 

Population. 

Governors. 

Lower  Canada. .  .(IKU) 

ffnnnr  Tniir  In         /iH^TH 

511,919 

220,807 

123,848 

74.191 

80,000 

24.IMI0 

Lord  Aylmer,  Ooremor  Oeiieral. 

Sir  John  Colbnrnn,  Lirutrnant  Oovemor. 

Sir  Peregrine  Maitland,  Lieutenant  Oovemor. 

Sir  Archibald  Caiiipl>ell,  Lieutenant  Oovemor. 

Sir  Thomas  J.  (Jochrano,  Oonernor. 

Sir  Murray  Maxwell,  Linitrnani  Qoi^emor. 

ISJnvn  fit<*ntin                ('l>^^T^.  .     

Prince  Edward  Islniid 

452 


APPENDIX. 


...     iiiv 


XII. — Statement  showing  the  Names  and  Numbers  of  the  different  Tribes  of  Indians 
now  remaining  within  the  limits  of  the  several  States  and  Territories,  and  the 
quantity  of  Land  claimed  by  them  respectively. 


Number 

Number  of 

Niimbor 

Number  of 

TRIBES. 

of  oiich 

Acrr!4  ciniined 

TRIBES. 

of each 

Acres  claimed 

TrilM'. 

by  <'iic;li  Tribe. 

Tribe. 

by  each  Tribe. 

Maine. 

Indiana  and  Illinoi 

S. 

St.  John's  Indians 

)    .        300 

Pottawatamies    and 

Passamaquoddies 

379 

100 

Chippewas .    .     . 

3,900 

Penobscots      .     . 

277 
956 

92,160 

92,2(J0 

MassachusetL 

s. 

Georgia  Sl  Alabamt 

I. 

Marshpee  .     .    . 

320 

Creeks  .'    .    .    .    . 

20,000 

9,537,920 

Herring  Pond 

40 

/ 

Martlia's  Vineyar 

d  .        340 

Georgia,  Alabama,  i 

5t 

Troy     .    .    .    . 

50 

Tennessee. 
Cherokees      .    .    . 

9,000 

Alabama. 
7,272,576 

750 

Rhode  Island 

, 

Narragansett . 

•        420 

3,000 

■  ■ 

Tennessee. 
1,055,060 

Connecticut. 

Mississippi  and 

Mohegan   .    . 

300 

4,000 

Alabama, 

Stonington 

50 

300 

Choctaws  .    .    . 

21,000 

Groton  .    .    . 

50 

Mississippi. 

• 

400 

4,300 

New  York. 

Chickasaws    .    .    . 

3,625 

15,705,000 

Senecas     .     . 

.     2,325 

Tuscaroras     . 

253 

Florida  Territory 

• 

Oneidas     .     . 

.     l,0f)6 

Seminoles  and  Other 

s.     5,000 

4,032,640 

Onondagas      . 

446 

Cayugas     .     . 

90 

246,675 

Louisiana. 

; 

Stockbridge    . 

273 

Billoxie      .    .    . 

"  55 

Brotherton 

360 

Apolashe    . 

45 

St.  Regis  Indians 

300 

Pascagoula 

111 

27 
36 

Virginia. 

5,143 

246,675 

Addees .     . 
Yaltasse     . 

Nottaways 

.    .         47 

27,000 

Coshattees 
Caddow      .    ■ 

180 
450 

South  Carolina 

a. 

Delawares 

51 

Catawbaa  .     . 

.    .        450 

144,000 

Clioctaws  . 
Shav.anees 

178 
110 

Ohio. 

Natchitoches 

25 

Wyandotts     . 

.    .        542 

163,840 

Quapaws  . 

8 

Shawanees     . 
Senecas     .    . 

.    .        800 
.    .        551 

117,615 
55,505 

Piankesliaws 

27 

1,313 

Delawares 

.    .         80 

5,760 

Missouri. 

Ottowas     ,    . 

.    .        377 

50,581 

Delawares      .     . 

T7"'      1 

1,800 

21,120 

2,350 

393,301 

Kickapoos  .    .    . 

2,200 

9,u(H) 

Michigan  Terril 

'ory. 

^.^  ^H^  •*.^fy^..r  x^  ^h 

Shawanees     .    . 

1,383 

14,080 

Wyandscotts  . 

.    .            7 

■k 

Weas    .... 

. 

327 

Pottawatamies 
Chippewas  &.  Ott 

136 
xwas  18,473 

[7,057,920 

Ilioways     .    .    . 

1,100 

5,810 

44,800 

Menonieenees 

.     3,900 

Missouri  and  Arkai 

I- 

Winnebagoes 

.     5,80() 

J 

SOS  Territory. 

OsJiges 

Piankeshaws  .     .     . 

^  on/\ 

3,491,840 

Indiana. 
Miami  and  Eel  I 

28,316 

Liver 

7,057,920 

5,200 
207 

5,407 

3,491,840 

Indians  .    , 

.    .     1,073 

10,104,000 

Arkaiisas  Territory 

Cherokees      .     .     . 

6,000 

4,000,000 

Illinois. 

Quapaws  .    .    .    . 

700 

Menomeonees 

.    .        270 

> 

Choctaws  .    :     .     . 

8,858,560 

Kask.iskiiis 
Sauks  and  Foxes 

.    .         36 
.     0,400 

\  5,314,560 

6,700 

12,85H,5()(> 

6,7(H)|     5,314,5(H) 

Total     .    .     .     . 

129,266 

77,402,31H 

APPENDIX. 


453 


hdians 
ind  the 


ber  of  I 
claiiiiedl 
li  Trilm. 


537,920 


ihamn.  i 
272,576| 

messee. 
,055,000 


.,705,000 
1,032,640 


21,1201 

9,()0() 

14,080 


44,H0(J 

3,491,840 

3;49i;340 
4,000,000 

8,858,560 

L2;85H;5(iri 


r7,402,:UH 


XIIL— COMMERCE  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES,  laSO. 


Commerce  of  the  United  States,  exhibiting  the  Value  of  every  description  of  Im- 
ports from,  and  Exports  to,  each  Foreign  Country,  during  the  year  ending 
iiOth  September,  1830. 


COUNTRIES. 


6 
7 
8 
9 

10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
If) 
17 
18 
1!) 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
2.5 
26 
27 
28, 
29 
30 
31 
33 
33 
34 
3." 
Iti 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
4.5 
4G 
47 
48 
49 
.T- 
.51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 


Russia 

Prussia 

Sweden  and  Norway 

Svvedibh  West  Indies 

Denmark 

Danisii  West  Indies 

Netherlands 

Dutch  East  Indies 

Dutch  West  Indies 

.  England 

Scotland 

Ireland 

Gibraltar 

British  East  Indies 

British  West  Indies 

Newfoundland 

British  .American  Colonies 

British  Africnn  port:i 

Other  Britiuli  (Jolonios  . . .,, 

Hansc  Towns 

France  on  the  Ai'.mtic 

France  on  the  Mndi'crrancnu. . . 

French  Wcsi.  Indies 

French  Africnn  ports 

Spain  on  the  Atlantic 

Spain  on  the  MeditorrE,.ne;in  . . . . 
TeneriflFc,  and  otiier  Canaries  . . . 
Manilla,  and  Philippine  isi.mds. . 

Cuba 

Other  Spanish  West  Indies 

Portucfal 

Madeira 

Fayal,  and  other  Azores 

Cape  de  Vcrd  Islands  

Italy 

Sicily 

Trieste,  and  other  Adriatic  mrta. 
Ragusa,  and  the  Seven  Islands  . . 

Turkey,  &c 

Hay  ti 

Mexico 

Central  Rcp'.  I V. .    

Colombia    .      

Honduras 

Brazil 

Argentine  Republic 

Cisplatine  Republic 

Chili 

Peru 

South  America,  generally 

China 

Asia,  generally 

West  Indies,  generally   

East  Indies,  generally 

Europe,  generally 

Africa,  generally 

Cape  of  Good  Hojw 

South  Seas 

Northwest  coast  of  America . . . , 


Value  of 
Import*. 


1,621,899 

16,605 

1,168,110 

230,530 

5,384 

1,665,834 

888,408 

181,848 

286,509 

22,755,040 

1,382,841 

381,.333 

90,028 

1,37337 

168,579 

650,303 
2,300 
1,263 

1,873,278 

6,831,015 

891,183 

518,687 

461,267 
543,271 

99,878 

384,887 

.'),577,230 

1,307,148 

16.5,321 

239,6.52 

32,912 

.'?3,758 

940,254 

.3,740 

132,0i;3 

417,392 
1,597,140 
5,2.'»5,241 

302,833 

1,120,095 

1,472 

9,491,460 

1,431  883 


Valne  oT  KxportH. 


l)omi!iitic 

protlucu. 


182,585 

972,884 

40,269 

3,878,141 

98,451 

7,386 

394 
172,861 

20,748 


Total....  I  70,876,920 


Fori- IK  II 

pnnlure. 


35,461 

16,501 

181,353 

552,700 

76,292 

1,688,022 

3,354,55] 

63,273 

319,495 

23,77.3,020 

1,465,211 

261,687 

51.3,248 

93,731 

140 

3,650,031 


1,-549,732 

9,18.3,894 

717,252 

792,241 

5,931 

538,956 

145,556 

19,040 

39,129 

3,439,060 

245,636 

43,408 

155,719 

6,(i49 

50,560 

326,239 

300,859 

75,801 
714,79] 
985,764 
138,456 
31 '5,7.32 

2.5,^2 

1,600,999 

425,220 

915,718 

32,400 

9,190 

156,290 
56,318 

242,114 

16.090 
96,867 

91,178 
28,392 
.59,4627i2ir 


381,114 

189.'i49 

37,727 

29,048 

220,723 

675,.527 

107,293 

42,298 

826,946 

2,488 

.370,1.50 

553,126 

1,761 

136,342 


72.5,148 
661,925 
430,888 

13,.528 
579 

61,327 

610 

54,539 

1,477,675 

27,523 

1,803 

12,358 

],524 

7,778 

414,121 

293,261 

337,539 

108,387 
3,851,694 
111,662 
180,258 
5,433 
242,239 
204,607 

690,396 

39,409 

170 

585,903 

229,290 

5,010 

99,65.? 
52,236 

6,764 
^2^,698 

14;387,479 


416,575 

16,501 

371, .302 

590,427 

105,340 

1,908,745 

4,030,078 

170,566 

361,793 

24,.599,966 

1,467,699 

261,687 

88.3,3!)8 

64(;,857 

1,901 

3,786,373 


2,271,880 

9,84.5,819 

1,148,140 

805,769 

6,510 

600,28*^ 

145,55(; 

19,6.50 

93,668 

4,!)]  6,7.35 

27.3,1.59 

4.5,911 

168,077 

8,173 

58,338 

740,360 

594,120 

413,340 

893,178 
4,837,458 

950,118 

496,!»90 

30,564 

1,843,938 

699,887 

1,536,114 

71,802 

9,36^ 

7i2,193 

28.5,608 

247,124 

38,743 
149,103 

27,942 
53,090 


73,849,508 


454 


APPENDIX 


HW^  ^' 


XIV.— COMMERCE  OF  EACHl  S'PATE  AND  TERRITORY. 

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APPENDIX. 


455 


XV.— NAVIGATION  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1830. 

NAVIGATION. — A  Statement  of  the  Tonnage  of  American  and  Foreign  Ves- 
sels arriving  from^  and  departing  to,  each  Foreign  Country,  during  the  year 
.ending  30th  September,  1830. 


1 
3 
3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

1) 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

ir, 

16 
17 

18 
1!) 
20 
21 

00 

93 
24 
25 
2G 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
3.5 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 


Russia 

Prussia 

Sweden  and  Norway 

Swedish  West  Indies 

Deninari{ 

Danish  West  Indies 

Netherlands 

Dutch  East  Indies 

Dutch  West  Indies 

England 

Scotland 

Ireland 

Gibraltar • 

liritish  East  Indies , 

British  West  Indies 

Newfoundland 

British  American  Colonics 

British  African  ports 

Other  British  Colonics    

Hanse  Towns 

Fri^ncc  on  the  Atlantic 

France  on  the  Mediterranean . . . 

French  West  Indies 

French  African  ports 

Spain  on  the  Atlantic 

Spain  on  the  Mediterranean  . . . . 
Teneriffe,  and  otlier  Canaries  . . . 
Manilla,  mid  Philippine  islands . . 

Cuba 

Other  Spanish  West  Indies 

Portugal 

Madeira 

Fayal,  and  other  Azores 

Cape  dc  Verd  Islands  

Italy 

Sicily 

Trieste,  and  other  Adriatic  ports. 
Ragusa,  and  the  Seven  Islands  . . 

Turkey,  &.c 

Hayti 

Mexico 

Central  Republic 

Colombia 

Honduras  

Brazil 

Argentine  Republic 

Cisplatinc  Repub'.ic 

Chili 

Peru 

South  America,  generally 

China 

Asia,  generally 

West  Indies,  generally 

East  Indies,  general '/ . . 

E'iroite,  generally 

Atncf  i,  generally 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

South  Sens 

Northwest  coast  of  America .... 
Total.. 


ffAVlUATJUN. 


Amerinn  Tnnnifr. 


Knlrrnl  inin  tht; 
UnitPd  8t«tM. 


13,681 

372 

1.5,144 

10,406 

877 

38,767 

42,998 

662 

12,047 

199,972 

5,784 

5,494 

3,346 

4,806 

22,428 

452 

130,527 

396 
17,259 
79,459 
15,406 

25,928 

16,288 

10,920 

1,762 

2,774 

97,644 

19,031 

12,287 

3,212 

634 

1,253 

5,062 

1,697 

4,332 

345 

3,668 

18,513 

22,062 

4,560 

13,514 

68 

38,005 

6,584 

236 

304 

3,276 

394 

8,598 

1,679 

2,288 

1,904 
2,730 

15,3<»2 
'967'>27 


I>fl»rlfd  from  the 
ITnttcd  Statfi. 


3,492 

232 

3,502 

19,960 

1,923 

52,535 

35,220 

1,.501 

11,043 

192,714 

6,913 

4,594 

1.3,450 

4,029 

2,395 

1,523 

117,171 

510 

14,728 

82,521 

18,967 

47,129 

106 

9,387 

3,017 

796 

458 

114,0.54 

8,734 

2,243 

6,oao 

244 
2,628 
6,626 

135 
4,662 

2,887 

19,.395 

27,295 

3,044 

5,955 

1,042 

44,450 

9,565 

1,373 

2,287 

732 

679 

3,501 

3,697 

7,417 

424 

911 

2,560 

580 

28,222 

.522 

971,760 


Kntrreri  Into  tlic 
rntled  Hiatri. 


264 

2,935 
965 

600 
793 

248 

61, .3.55 

12,560 

6,949 


275 
4,002 


8,488 

4,061 

205 

5,945 


122 

12,954 
625 

114 
137 


Df  i«rlH  frnm  lh« 
IJnlM  num. 


1,633 
4,362 

"l,076 

'  248 
225 


141 

618 


'131,900 


264 

2,023 

984 

849 

4,515 

320 

124 

58,589 

7,707 

2,570 


14,267 


10,262 
6,014 
1,074 
4,325 


11,356 

489 
184 

137 

418 

282 


1,748 
3,551 

62 

601 
116 


155 

280 
290 

1.33,436 


456 


APPENDIX. 


Rfp^f^^ 

i't^ri' 

li  ^'  '^" 

^£  ■"    '  ''A 

i    '^ 

rf' 

XVI.— DIFFF.RENT  CLASSES  OF  INHABITANTS, 
As  ascertained  by  the  Census  of  the  United  Stales  for  1830. 


VVHITKS. 
Under  5  yc'iire  of  Age 
Of  5  and  under  10 


10 
15 
20 
30 
40 
60 
CO 
70 
80 
90 


15 
20 
30 
40 
50 

m 

70 

80 

90 

100 


"  100  and  upwards 
Total 

Deaf  &  Dumb.. 5,325 

Blind 3,9f)8 

Aliens 106,761 


Mains. 

972,801 

781,906 

669,617 

573,081 

956,296 

592,401 

367,761 

229,218 

135,063 

57,760 

15,802 

2,041 

301 


5,354,078 


Ft'iimluH. 

596,130 

921,759 

750,602 

638,756 

918,229 

555.419 

3.')5,979 

223,477 

131,284 

58,327 

17,432 

2,522 

238 


5,170,154 


The  Deaf  and  Dumb 
and  Blind  White  per- 
sons are  not  divided 
into  Sexes. 


FKKR  BLACKS. 

Under  10  years  of  Age 

Of    10  and  under  24 

"     24         "         36 

"     36         "         55 

"     55         "       100 

"   100  and  upwards 

Total 


SLAVES. 

Under  10  years  of  Age 

Of    10  and  under  24 

"     24         "         36 

"     36         "         55 

"     55         "       100 

"    100  and  upwards 

Total 


Mali'fl. 
48,656 
43,075 
27,()59 
22,267 
11,507 
279 


^53,443 

Males. 

353,498 

312,.')67 

185,.W5 

118,880 

41,515 

747 


Feinalos. 
47,324 
48,131 
32,545 
24,323 
13,423 
387 


166,133 


Fi'inalcH. 
347,6f>8 
308,770 
185,784 
111,889 
41,437 
680 


Deaf  &  Dumb.. 750 
Blind 1,463 


1,012,822 
Tho  Colored 
Dumb,  ami  III 
divided  into 
Blavus. 


996,228 

Deaf  and 
lid  are  not 
Free  xund 


GENERAL  ABSTRACT. 

Total  White  Population 10,524,232 

Do.  Free  niacka 319,576 

Do.  Slaves 2,009,050 

Total  Population  of  tlic  United  States 12,852,858 


XVII.— LENGTHS  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  RIVERS  IN  THE  U.  STATES. 

Miles. 
Missouri  and  Mississippi 4490 

Do.      to  its  junction  with  tlie  Mississippi 3181 

Mississippi  proper,  to  its  junction  with  the  Missouri 1600 

Do.         to  the  (iulf  of  Mexico 2910 

Arkansas  River,  a  branch  of  the  Mississippi 2170 

St.  Lawrence  River,  including  the  Lakes 2075 

Platte  River,  a  branch  of  the  Missouri 1600 

Red  River,  a  branch  of  the  Mississippi 1500 

Ohio  River,. . .  .Do Do 1372 

Columbia  River,  empties  into  the  Pacific  Ocean 1315 

Kanzas  River,  a  branch  of  the  Missouri 1200 

Yellow-stone, Do Do 1100 

Teimessce  River,  a  branch  of  the  Ohio 756 

Alabama  River,  empties  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 575 

(Cumberland  River,  a  branch  of  the  Ohio 570 

Susquehannah  River,  empties  into  Chesapeake  Bay 460 

Illinois  River,  a  branch  of  the  Mississippi 430 

Apalachicola  River,  empties  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 425 

St.  John's  River,  New  Brunswick,  rises  in  Maine  415 

C'onnecticut  River,  empties  into  Long  Island  Sound 410 

Wabash  River,  a  branch  of  tlie  Ohio 360 

Delaware  River,  empties  into  tlic  Atlantic  Ocean 355 

James  River,  empties  into  Chesapeake  Bay .350 

Roanoke  River,  empties  iiito  Albemarle  Sound 350 

Great  Pcdee  River,  emjrties  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean 350 

Santpc  River, Do Do 340 

Potomac  River,  empties  into  Chesapeake  Bay 335 

Hudson  Ri\er,  empties  into  the  xitlantic  Ocean 320 

■     -■  -  -  , 300 

290 


Altamalia  River, ....  Do Do. 

Savannah  River,...  .Do Do. 


APPENDrX. 


467 


Miles. 
.  .4490 
.3181 
.1600 
.2910 
, .2170 
, .2075 
, .1600 
..1500 
..1372 
. .1315 
..1200 
..1100 
...756 
...575 
. . .570 
...460 
...430 
...425 
...415 
. . .410 
...360 
...355 
...350 
...350 
...350 
...340 
....335 
, . . .320 
, . . .300 
, . . .290 


XVIII.— HEIGHTS  OP  THE  PRINCIPAL  MOUNTAINS  AND  lULLS  IN 
^  •     .       THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Feet. 

1.  liong  Peak,  tho  higliest  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  Missouri  Territory  12,000 

■  2.  James  Peak Do Do 11,.500 

3.  Inferior  Peaks  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  varying  from  10,700  to 7,200 

4.  Mount  Washington,  tlio  highest  of  the  Wliitc  Hills,  Now  Hampshire, 6,2.14 

5.  Inferior  Peaks  of  tiic  White  Hills,  varying  from  5,328  to 4,356 

6.  Mooschillock  Mountain,  Grafton  county.  New  Hampshire. .  .^. 4,636 

7.  Mansfield  or  Chin  Mountain,  Chittenden  county,  Vermont  4,279 

8.  Camel's  Rump Do Do 4,188 

9.  Shrewsbury  Peak,  Rutland  county,  Vermont 4,031 

10.  Saddleback  Mountain,  Hc^rkshire  county,  Massachusetts 4,000 

11.  Table  Mountjiin,  Pendl(!toii  district.  South  Carolina 4,000 

12.  Peaks  of  Otter,  Bedford  county,  Virginia 3,955 

13.  Killington  Peak,  Rutland  county,  Vermont 3,924 

14.  Round-Top,  the  highest  of  tlic  Catskill  Mountains,  New  York 3,804 

15.  High  Peak,  one  of  the Do Do 3,718 

16.  Grand  Monadnock,  Cheshire  county.  New  Hampshire 3,718 

17.  Manchester  Mountain,  Dunnington  coiuity,  Vermont 3,706 

18.  Ascfitncy  Mountain,  Windsor  county,  Vermont 3,.320 

19.  Ozark  Mountains,  Arkansas  Territory,  average  height 3,200 

20.  Wachusett  Mountain,  or  Mount  Adams,  Worcester  coimty,  Massachusctta 2,990 

21.  Whiteface  Mountain,  Essex  county,  New  York 2,690 

22.  Kearsarge  Mountain,  Hillsborough  county,  New  Hampshire 2,461 

23.  Alleghany  Mountains,  average  hciglvt 2,400 

24.  Porcupine  Mountains,  Chippeway  country,  south  of  Lake  Superior 2,400 

2.5.  Cumberland  Mountains,  average  height 2,200 

26.  Moose  Mountain,  New  Hampshire 2,008 

27.  New  Beacon,  the  highest  of  the  Highlands,  New  York 1,658 

28.  Butter  Hill,  one  of  the Do..' Do 1,529 

29.  Grigg's  Hill,  Vermont 1,.')07 

30.  Mars  Hill,  Washington  county,  Maine 1,504 

31.  Bull  Hill,  one  of  the  Highlands,  New  York • 1,464 

32.  Old  Beacon Do. Do 1,471 

33.  Mauch  (^hunk  Mountain,  Northampton  coimty,  Pennsylvania 1,460 

34.  Crows  Nest,  one  of  the  Highlands,  New  York 1,418 

3.5.  Bare  Mountain Do Do 1,350 

36.  Pocono  Mountain,  Northampton  county,  Pennsylvania 1,300 

37.  Mount  Tom,  Hampshire  county,  Massachusetts : 1,200 

38.  Blue  Ridge,  Pennsylvania 1,200 

39.  Breakneck  Hill,  one  of  the  Highlands,  New  York 1,187 

40.  Blue  HilL,  Hartford  county,  Connecticut 1,000 

41.  Mount  Holyoke,  Hampshire  county,  Massachusetts .  .990 

42.  Anthony's  Nose,  Putnam  county,  New  York.- 935 


XIX.— LENGTHS  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  RAII^ROADS,  (FINISHED  OR  IN 
PROGRESS,)  IN  THE  U.  STATES. 


Miles. 
Baltimore  and  Ohio;  from  Baltimore  to 

Pittsburg 250 

Massachusetts ;  from  Boston  to  Albany . .  200 
Catskill  to  Ithaca,  head  of  Cayuga  Lake, 

New  York 167 

Charleston  to  Hamburg,  on  the  Savannah 

river 1.35 

Boston  to  Brattleborough,  Vermont ....  .114 
Columbia  and  Piiiladelphia ;  from  Phila- 
delphia to  York,  Pennsylvania 96 

Lexington  and  Ohio;    froiU   Lexington, 

Kentucky,  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio 75 

Camden  and  Amboy 60 

Baltimore  and  Susquehannali 48 

Boston  and  Providence 43 

Baltimore  and  Washington 38 

3H 


Miles. 
From  Hollidaysburg  to  Johnstown,  Penn- 
sylvania   37 

Ithaca  and  Owego,  New  York 28 

Hudson  and  Berkshire,  Massachusetts.  . .  .2.5 
Elizabethtown  and  Somerville,  New  Jersey  25 
Lackawaxen ;  from  Honcsdale  to  Carbon- 
dale,  Pennsylvania 17 

Fronchtown  and  Newcastle 16 

Albany  and  Schenectady 15 

Pliil.idclphia    and    Norristown,  Pennsyl- 
vania   15 

Richmond  and  Chesterfield,  Virginia 12 

Mauch  Chunk,  Pennsylvania 9 

Hacrlcm 8 

Quincy,  Massachusetts 6 

New  Orleans.  . . . , 5) 


456 


APPENDIX 


m 


XX.— LENCiTllS  OF  THE  PRINCIPAI.  CANxtLH,  (FINISHED  OR  IN  PRa 

GRESS,)  IN  THE  U.  STATES. 

MiUg. 

Erie  Canal ;  from  Albany  to  Lake  Erie 3f)3    . 

Chesapcakn  and  Ohio  Canal ;  from  Washington  City  to  Pittsburg 341 

Grand  Pennsylvania  Canal ;  from  Columbia,  on  the  Susquchannuh  river,  to  Hollidays. 

burg,  172  miles — tlicnce  to  Johnstown  by  a  Kail-road  of  37  mile»,  over  ''i"  Alleghany 

mountains — from  thence  by  Canal  to  Pittsburg,  104  miles . .  .Total  31.1 

Ohio  State  Cnnal ;  from  Portsniouth,  on  the  Ohio  river,  to  Cleveland,  on  J  ^.,.t!  Erie 306 

Miami  Cunal ;  fr<  <rn  Cincinnati  to  Maumee  Bay,  Lako  Eric 265 

Middle  Division,      'iiimylvania  Canal ;  from  tlio  mouth  of  the  Juniatta  river,  along  tlic 

North  Ilrunch  of  the  Susquehanriah  river,  to  tlie  southern  boimdary  of  New  York . . .  .204 
Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal ;  from  the  Hudson  river  to  tiic  Delaware  river,  60  miles — 

joins  the  Lackawaxcn  Canal  of  36  miles  in  length — ^at  Ilonesdalc  connects  with  a 

Roil-road  of  17  miles,  to  Curbondalo , Total  117 

Schuylkill  Canal  and  Navigation,  from  Philadelphia  to  Port  Carbon 110 

Morris  Canal ;  from  Jersey  City,  opposite  New  York,  to  Easton,  Pennsylvania,  on  tlie 

Delaware  river 101 

New  Orleans  and  Tccho  River  Canal,  from  opposite  New  Orleans  to  Ik^rwicks  Bay, 

Attakapaa 100 

Union  Canal,  commences  4  miles  below  Reading,  on  the  Sciniylkill  river — thence  to 

Middlctown  on  the  Susquchannoh  river,  connecting  the  Schuylkill  Navigation  with 

the  Grand  Pennsylvania  Canal 82 

Farniington  Canal ;  from  New  Haven  to  Southwick,  58  miles — ^joins  tlio  Hampshire  and 

Hampden  Canal  of  20  miles,  to  Nortliampton,  Massuchusctta 76 

('hamplain  Canal ;  from  Albany  to  Whitehall,  Lake  (^haniplain 72 

West  Branch  Division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Canal ;  from  Nortlmmberland,  along  the  W. 

Branch  of  the  Susquchannali  river,  to  Bald  Eagle  creek 68 

Savannah  and  Ogeechec  Canal;  from  Savannah  to  tlie  Ogeechec  river,  16  miles — to  bo 

connected  with  the  Ogeechec  and  Altanialia  Canal,  from  the  Ogccclico  to  tlic  Altamalm 

river,  50  miles Total  66 

Eastern  Division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Canal;  from  Bristol  to  Easton,  on  the  Delaware 

river, 60 

Delaware  and  Ruritan  Canal;  from  Lambcrton,  on  the  Delaware  river,  to  New  Bruns- 
.   wick,  on  tho  Raritan,  38  miles — to  be  supplied  with  water  by  a  navigable  Feeder  of  20 

miles,  rrom  Eagi'e  Island,  on  the  Delaware,  to  the  main  Canal,  at  Trenton Total  58 

Cumberland  and  Oxford  Canal ;  from  Bridgeton  to  Portland,  Maine — (partiy  natural  and 

partly  artificial) 50 

Lehigh  Canal ;  from  i^ofiton  to  Stoddartsville,  Pennsylvania 47 

Blackstone  Canal;  from  Prov'/l<^nce,  Rhode  Island,  to  Worcester,  Massachusetts 45 

Oswego  Canal,  a  ?jranch  of  the  Erie  Canal ;  from  Syracuse  to  Oswego,  on  Lake  Ontario,  38 
James  River  Canal ;  from  Richmond,  Virginia,  extending  upwaida  along  the  north  bank 

of  James  river 30} 

Middlesex  Canal ;  from  Merrimack  river  tp  Boston  harbor 27 

Dismal  Swamp  Canal,  connects  Chesapeake  Bay  with  Albemarle  Sound 22^ 

Santee  and  (hooper  River  Clonal ;  from  Santce  river  to  Charleston,  South  Carolina 22 

Cayuga  antl  Seneca  Canal ;  f  om  Geneva  to  Montezuma,  on  the  Erie  Canal i  .20 

Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal ;  from  Delaware  City  to  Chesapeake  City — connects 

Delaware  river  wit!)  Chesapeake  bay 14 

Port  Deposit  Canal ;  from  Port  Deposit,  on  the  Susquchannoh  river,  to  the  south  bound- 
ary of  Pennsylvania 10 

Louisville  and  Portland  Canal,  Kentucky 2 


m:  w 


[For  further  statistical  tublcs  see  pages  23, 24, 25, 26, 41, 42,  43, 44, 157, 158.] 


/VI»I»END1X. 


45U 


M  PRO- 

Milf$. 
....363    . 
....341 
iy«- 
any 
'otal  313 

306 

. . .  .265 

r  tljO 

L...204 

C8 

ith  a 
I'oUl  117 

no 

1  tJio 

101 

Bay, 
......100 

ncc  to 
I  witli 

82 

ire  and 

76 

72 

the  W. 

68 

I — to  be 
llamaha 
.  .Total  66 
)elawarc 

60 

r  Bruns- 
lor  of  20 

.Total  58 
ural  and 

50 

47 

f 45 

I  Ontario,  38 
rth  bank 

30i 

27 

22i 

na 22 

....1.20 

connects 
14 

Ui  bound- 

10 

2 


INDEX  TO  THE  STATISTICAL  TABLES. 


Pago 

Population  of  the  diiTercnt  States  and  Territories,  accordinff  to  five  cnumerntionB 23 

Total  Population,  and  the  number  of  Slaves  in  tlio  United  States  ut  diflerent  periods, 

with  tile  respective  increase 24 

The  Population  of  tiie  several  States  and  Territories  in   lii30;  the  number  of  square 

miles;  the  Population  to  a  square  mile,  and  the  nunilKjr  of  Slaves  hi  lb30 ib. 

Colleges  in  the  United  States , 25 

I'htiological  Seminaries  in  the  United  States 26 

Medical  Schools  in  tho  United  States ib. 

Principal  Officers  under  tlio  Federal  Constitution,  &c 41  to  44 

Table  exhibiting  the  Scats  of  Government,  tlio  times  of  holding  tho  Election  of  Stato 

Officers,  and  the  time  of  tlio  meeting  of  the  Legislature  of  tlie  s(!veral  States 157 

Table  .exliibiting  the  Governor's  term  and  sn'     •,  the  number  of  Senators  and  Repre- 
sentatives, with  their  rcsi>cctive  terms  ani  ,  and  the  mode  of  choosing  Electors  of 

President  and  Vice  President,  in  tho  severiu    latea 158 

Imports,  Exports,  and  Tonnage  of  each  Stato 447 

Compensation  to  Officers  of  the  Army,  &.c ib. 

Inspections  of  Flour,  <Slc 448 

Table  showing  tlio  whole  quantity  of  Public  Land  in  tho  different  States,  &c ib. 

Table  of  the  Public  Debt  at  different  periods 449 

Slaves  in  tho  United  States  at  five  official  enumerations ib. 

Number  of  persons  in  the  United  States  100  years  old  and  upwards 450 

Religious  denominations ib. 

Presidential  Electors ' 451 

British  Slavo  Colonies  in  the  West  Indies,  &.o ib. 

British  North  American  Ck)lonic8 ib. 

Table  of  the  Tribes  of  Indians  remaining  within  the  United  States,  ancT  tho  quantity  of 
Land  claimed  by  them 452 

Commerce  of  the  United  States,  for  1830 453 

Commerce  of  each  State  and  Territory,  for  1830 454 

Navigation  of  the  United  States,  for  1830 455 

Classification  of  the  Census  for  1830 456 

Lengths  of  the  principal  Rivers  in  the  United  States ib. 

Heights  of  tlie  principal  Mountains  in  tho  United  States 457 

Lengths  of  the  principal  Rail-Roads  in  the  United  States ib. 

Lengths  of  the  principal  Canals  in  the  United  States 458 


h 


mi 


III! 


7, 168.1 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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1.25 


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1.4 


■  2.5 

12.2 

2£ 

1.6 


m 


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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


■^ 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716«  873-4503 


■^^ 


^  A 


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460 


AI'PENDIX. 


PRACTICAL  QUESTIONS  ON  THE  TABLES. 


1. 
2. 
3. 

4. 
5. 

fl. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 

10. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 

24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 

30. 
31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35. 
36. 


45. 
46. 

47. 

48. 

49. 
50. 
51. 


Which  state  imports  the  greatest  amount  of  goods? 

Which  nextl 

Mention  the  four  next  in  order. 

Which  state  exjxjrta  the  greatest  quantity  of  domestic  produce  ? 

Which  nextl 

Mention  the  four  noxt  in  order. 

Which  state  exports  tiio  most  foreign  produce] 

Which  two  next  in  order  ! 

Which  stale  has  the  greatest  amount  of  shipping? 

Which  next] 

Can  you  mention  the  four  next  in  order  ] 

At  what  place  is  there  the  greatest  (luantity  of  flour  inspected  ] 

What  city  stands  next  ]  '    * 

Mention  the  four  next  in  order. 

What  was  the  quantity  of  public  land  belonfjinij  to  the  United  States  in  1828? 

At  what  period  was  the  public  debt  of  tlio  United  States  the  greattjst] 

To  what  was  it  reduced  on  the  first  of  January,  18.'32  i 

What  was  the  number  of  persons  100  years  old  and  upwards,  according  to  the 
census  of  1^30? 

How  many  of  these  were  people  of  color  ] 

Which  religious  denomination  is  the  most  populous? 

Which  next  1 

Can  you  mention  the  six  next  in  order  ? 

Which  state  is  entitled  to  the  largest  number  of  representatives  in  Congress,  and 
how  many  ] 

Which  next,  and  how  ma^y  ? 

Mention  the  six  next  in  order,  and  their  number. 

Mention  those  states  that  are  entitled  to  but  tlirec  representatives. 

Mention  those  entitled  to  two. 

Which  state  has  but  one  i 

Mention  the  six  states  in  order  that  are  entitled  to  the  greatest  number  of  electors 
for  President,  and  their  respective  numbers. 

Can  you  mention  the  six  next,  in  the  same  order? 

What  is  the  total  number  of  representatives  in  Congress  ?    ^       . 

What  is  the  total  number  of  electors  t!)r  President  1  '    ,.    . 

In  which  states  are  the  electors  chosen  by  general  ticket  ? 

In  which  states  by  districts] 

In  which  state  are  they  chosen  by  the  IjCgislature  ? 

What  tribes  of  Indians  reside  in  Maine] — iM.  Ma.ssacliusotts  ? — 38.  Rhode  Isiand? 
—39.  Connecticut ]— 40.  New  York  .' — 41.  Virginia!— 42.  South  Carolina  ?— 
43.  Ohio] — 44.  Micliigan  Territory,  and  so  on] 

From  what  country  do  the  United  States  import  the  greatest  amount  of  goods] 

Which  next  ] 

Can  you  mention  the  six  next  in  order  ? 

To  what  country  do  the  United  States  export  the  greatest  amount  of  goods,  in- 
cluding domestic  and  foreign  produce  ] 

Which  next]  Mention  the  six  next  in  order.  , 

What  was  the  total  amount  of  imports  into  the  United  States  in  1830? 

What  was  the  total  value  of  exports  during  thtf  saioe  year  ? 


AI'l'KNDIX. 


4H1 


STKAM-BOAT  AND  CANAF.  IIOIITES. 


STKAM-nOAT  ROIJTIiS. 


1. 


Ct 


R.  I. 


Boston  to  Easttort. 

KUIc. 

('n|w  Ann Moxii. 

i'urtKtiioulh N.  II. 

i'ortlnail Mc. 

«nth " 

AugiiNia   " 

Halldvvoll " 

(JOrdllKT " 

Bixiililiny " 

Owls  Head " 

U<>UhHt •' 

(.Wine " 

Kostprt " 

2.  Nkw  YoiiK  TO  Boston, 

yia  I'rutukhce,  U.  I. 

Hell,  or  rriirl^nle JN.  Y. 

frog  Point " 

.SnniJH'  Point " 

Norwiilk  Ixinnd  .. :/ 

Strailord  Point 

Mew  Iluvon  Ijfrht-Iluusc  .. . 

Fnidkiicr'H  Islniul 

Sayl)nK)k.  LijjIit-hoiiHo,  moiitli 

of  Connefiicut  river 

iMX  J\'e w  Ijorulon 

Fishor'H  iHlund,  west  end  .... 

Watch  Hill  Light-Honso 

I'oint  Jiidilli 

Brenion'8  Point 

J\'e  wjxtrt " 

Prudence  Island,  south  end. .       " 

(-anonicut  Point " 

Pawiucket  river " 

Providence " 

Pawiucket  Falls " 

AltleUirough Mass. 

Foxlwrough " 

\Val|)ole " 

Dcdliam " 

Boston " 

3.  Nkw  York  to  Boston, 

Via  Jforieich,  Ct. 
Connecticut  river,  as  in  No.  2.      CL 

JVlouih  of  Thames  river " 

Mevvlyindon " 

(iales's  Ferry " 

Worwioh  Landing " 

'Jewitt's  City " 

Plainfleld " 

Slorling " 

Srituate R  I. 

Johnson. " 

Providence " 

Boston,  as  No.  2 Maas. 

4.  New  York  to  Bosto.n, 

Via  Uarlfnrd,  Ct. 
Mouth  of  Connecticut  river, 

as  before Ct 

Saybrook " 

Lyme " 

Haddam " 

Middletown " 

Wethcrsfield " 

Hartford " 

f  Vernon " 

Tolland " 

Aihford " 

;^    Pomfret 

CQ     Thom|Mon " 

Douglas Mass. 


Dlilum. 

45 


P 
■2.  <, 


3G 
G4 
4ft 
■JC, 
f) 
3 

r>i 

4H 

30 

12 

110 


6 
1) 
5 
20 
15 
13 
14 

If) 

14 

1 

21 

i) 

10 

2 

0 

9 

5 

6 

4 

8 

6 

2 

11 

10 


"a 

a 


81 
115 
19<l 
22ri 
231 
231 
2HH 

:m 
'.m 
:m 

.018 


15 
20 
45 
(50 
73 
87 

103" 
117 

118 
139 
118 
158 
160 
ll>('i 
175 
180 
]8t) 
190 
198 
2(H 
20« 
217 
227 


14 

117 

4 

121 

5 

126 

9 

135 

8 

143 

7 

150 

4 

15^1 

11 

lf.5 

7 

172 

8 

180 

41 

221 

103 

2 

105 

5 

110 

10 

120 

12 

132 

11 

143 

5 

148 

11 

159 

7 

166 

10 

176 

12 

188 

8 

196 

11 

107 

13  fMendon Maim. 

§  1  Med  way " 

■^j  Dedham " 

CQ  (.  Boston " 

5.  New  York  to  Boston, 
fill  M"/!!'  Haunt  nml  Hartford. 
Nvv,  Haven  Liglit-hoiiHo,  as 

lipfore Ct 

New  Haven " 

Walliiiuford " 

MeridfU " 

Berlin " 

Ilarlli)rd " 

,  Boston,  as  ljcl()ro Mass. 


12  219 

13  232 
12  244 
10  25-1 


•^3 

Ml 


73 
4 

12 
5 

7 

10 

100 


C.  New  York  to  Nkw  Havkn, 
Via  J^/'onca/k,  Fairjirld.  &-e. 

Hurl-fintc N.Y. 

Saw  |)itrt " 

Horneiieck Ct 

SlJiui(i)r(l " 

Norwalk " 

'iSngntuck " 

Fairlicid " 

„     Bridge|)<)rt " 

T  ^  Slriitli)rd  " 


Alilliird 

Now  Haven 


0 

28 

4 

6 

11 

3 

& 

4 

4 

4 

10 


I.RANY. 

N.Y. 


7.  New  York  to  A 

Maiihnttnnvillc 

Flirt  Ij(!n , 

I'ort  Washington , 

Fori  Indoppiidenco  ....  ., 

Philli|)stown 

'I'arrylown 

Siiigsing 

Ilavernlraw 

Stony  Point 

Fort  Fayette 

Si.  Aiitlioiiy's  Nose 

West  Point 

Cold  Spring 

New  Windsor 

FiKlikill 

Newburg 

New  Hamburg 

Milion 

Poughkccpsic 

IlydoPark 

Pelham 

Ksnpus  Landing 

Khineliieck  landing 

Kedhook  Lower  Landing. 

Do.    Upi)cr        do 

Clermont 

Catskill 

Hudson 

Coxsai'kie 

Kiiidcrhook  Ivinding  .... 

New  Baltimore , 

Coeymans 

Schodac  Landing 

Overrilaugh < 

Albany  

8.  PHILADEI.nilA  TO  NeW  YoRK, 

Via  Trenton,  A".  J. 

Bridesbiirg Pa. 

Burlington N.J. 

Bristol Pa. 

Bordentown N.J 

Trenton " 


77 

89 

94 

101 

111 

217 


34 

:w 
44 
55 

58 
63 
67 
71 
75 
85 


6 

12 

1 

10 
7 


18 
19 
29 

36 


H 


l: 


401i 


APl'KNDIX. 


^  <  PrinTlim N.. 

I  <  KiiiRHUm " 

t  f  New  Brunswink " 

Anilioy " 

Kliznbelhlown  Point " 

The  Kills N.Y. 

Now  York " 


niitiora. 

17 


11 

:) 
1'^ 
i» 

13 
5 
5 


9.  Philadelphia  to  New  York, 

yia  Bonltntuirn,  Jj-e. 

Bonlentown N.J 

('entrevillo " 


I  <  Higlitfllown '* 

&  f  (JmiilxTry " 

Wnnhingioii " 

Ainboy " 

New  York N.Y. 


29 

10 

4 

3 

9 

11 

23 

10.  PlIILADELnUA  TO  BaLTIMOUE, 
Via  Cheaapcake  and  Delawnrr.  Canal. 

FortMifllin Pa. 

Lo'/^rcttu " 

Chwtler " 

Mnrcus  Hook " 

Cliristiaim  treek Del. 

Newcosllo " 

Delaware  (/ily " 

■i  t  St  ( Joor^e's " 

8  ^  Summit  Brill  Ro " 

&  t  Chesajieake  City Md. 

Mouth  of  Back  croi'k " 

Turkey  Point " 

(trove  Point " 

PtK)l'8  IhIuIkI " 

Miller's  Island " 

North  Pomt " 

S()arrow'R  Point " 

FortM'IIcnry " 

Baltimore " 


8 
5 
5 
4 
8 
.5 

10 
4 
f> 
4 
3 
8 
6 

16 
8 
8 
4 
fi 
3 


M 
f)'i 
75 
HH 
93 
98 


39 
43 
4C 
55 
f)G 
89 


13 

18 

22 

30 

35 

45 

49 

55 

59 

fi2 

70 

7« 

92 

1(X) 

lOH 

112 

118 

121 


11.  Piiii.AnKLPiiiA  TO  Baltimore. 
Via  J^eacaatls  and  Frcnr.htmrH  Ititil  Hoad. 

Newcastle Del.      35 

Frenehtown,  by  the  Rail  Road  Mil.      16 

Turkey  Point "        13 

Baltimore "        51 

12.  Baltimore  to  Norfolk. 

FortMilenry Md. 

Sparrow's  Point " 

NorthPoint " 

Bo<lkin  Point " 

Stony  Point " 

Samly  Point " 

Thomas  Point " 

Three  Sisters " 

Herring  Bay " 

Sharp's  Island " 

Cove  Point 

Drum  Point,  mouth  of  Patnx- 

ent  river " 

Cedar  Point " 

Point  Lookout,  mouth  of  the 

Potomac Va. 

Smith's  Point " 

Windmill  Point,  mouth  of  the 

Rappahannock " 

Gwynn's  Island " 

Point  No-Point " 

New  Point  Comfort " 

Back  River  Point 

Old  Point  Comfort " 

Fort  Calhoun " 

Craney  Island " 

Norfolk " 


51 

f.4 

115 


3 

6 

4 

4 

4 

6 
10 

6 

7 

9 
20      79 


9 
13 
17 
21 
27 
37 
43 
50 
59 


85 
89 


17    106 
11     117 

21     138 


145 
1.51 
lf)0 


12    172 

10    182 


183 
191 
197 


13.  Baltimore  to  RicnMONo. 

To  Norfolk,  as  before Va.     197 

Craney  Island "         6 

Newport  News "         9 


"III'  Ul<l 

Tiiidri'l's  Whrialu  Vii         8 

BiirriirN  Buy "  7 

.laincHiowri  Island "        12 

I)nnrmi»  Pi)ini "  y 

Tree  Point "  (i 

Windmill  Point "  9 

Harrison's  Point '•  0 

f;ity  Point "         5 

Shurley  Ferry  "         2 

Oslmrn "        10 

Warwick "        20 

Richmond "         7 

14.  VVasiiinoton  to  Norfolk. 

Alexandria I).  (,'.      5 

Mount  Vernon Va. 

Cram;  iHlnnd " 

Sandy  Point Md. 

B<)yd''sHole Va. 

Maliiias  Point " 

Cedar  Point Md. 

Oir  Po|M>'8  creek,  Washing- 
ton's liirlh-place Va. 

Blurkslone's  Island Md. 

Piney  Point " 

Rojftir  Point Va. 

Smith's  Point,  mouth  of  the 

Potomac " 

Norfolk " 


9 
.12 

8 
18 

8 

7 

4 

15 
12 
16 


87 


303 
212 


V>.  Wasiiinoton  to  Riciimonii. 

To  Nor(i)lk,  as  hcliire Va.  206 

Richmond        do "  116 

16.  CiiAni.KSTON  TO  Savannah. 

Sullivan's  Island S.  C.  5 

Collin  I^nnd  Lipht-houso    "  8 

Stono  river "  9 

N.  Kilisio  river "  14 

St.  Helena  S)und •'  10 

Port  Royal  iMilnince "  26 

CalilH)giio  S)Uiid "  15 

Tyliee  Lii»ht-houHo  . , , Ceo.  6 

Savannah "  15 

17.  Savannah  to  AroMSTA. 

On.slow  Island Ceo.  7 

Purishurg S.C.  11 

F.hcnezer  C!eo.  10 

Sisters' Ferry "  12 

Hudson's  Ferry "  13 

BrinrC "  12 

Burton's  Ferry "  I-l 

Dog  Ferry "  25 

Cray's  Landing S.C.  14 

Wullicon's  Ferry f  Jeo.  18 

Augusta "  4 

18.  Mobile  to  Montoomerv. 

Florida Al.  33 

Alabama  river "  4 

Fort  Mims "  9 

Little  river "  13 

Clailwme "  :i8 

Black's  Bluff "  29 

Blacksville "  14 

Prairie  Bluff "  30 

Canton "  12 

Portland "  20 

Red  Bluff "  7 

Cahawba....; "  20 

Sclma "  17 

Vernon "  46 

Washington "  15 

Montgomery "  13 

19.  PiTTsnuRo  TO  New  Orleans. 

Middletown  Pa.  11 

Economy "  8 

Beaver "  10 


220 
227 
239 
2IM 
2.')l 
2f)3 
269 
271 
276 
28«'. 
3IH'i 
313 


14 

26 
31 

52 
60 

67 

71 

86 

98 

114 

119 
20C> 


;«2 


13 

22 
36 
46 
72 
87 
93 
108 


18 

28 
10 
53 
65 
79 
104 
IIH 

i:i6 

140 


37 

46 

59 

97 

126 

140 

170 

182 

202 

209 

22*.» 

246 

292 

307 

320 


19 
29 


APPENDIX. 


403 


It 

26 

31 

Wi 

M 

f.7 

71 

KCi 

2 

98 

f) 

111 

110 


8 

13 

9 

22 

It 

tW 

10 

4C. 

Jt) 

72 

lij 

87 

ft 

93 

If)     lOH 

7 

11 

IH 

10 

28 

12 

10 

13 

W.\ 

12 

f.ri 

14 

79 

as 

104 

14 

118 

18 

13C, 

4 

110 

33 

4 

37 

9 

if. 

13 

m 

;<8 

97 

29 

120 

14 

140 

30 

170 

12 

182 

20 

202 

7 

209 

20 

229 

17 

240 

10 

292 

15 

307 

13 

320 

IS. 

11 

i 

19 

IG 

29 

fJoorgetown To. 

VVellHville Ohio 

Steuhonville " 

Wellsburg Vn. 

Warren Ohio 

Wheeling  Vo. 

Klizabethtown " 

Sisterevillo  " 

Newport Ohio 

Mnriettu " 

Vienna Vo. 

I'nrkembur)? " 

Iteiprc  and  UlcnnorhoiMot's  I.  Oliio 

'I'roy 

Hcllevilie Vo. 

l.etArt'H  llnpiilH " 

I'oint  PienKaut Va. 

(inllipi)liH Ohio 

(iiiyandol Vn. 

Itiirhiigloii Oliio 

(ireeiiHliiirg Kcii. 

( Concord Ohio 

I'ortHmouih " 

Alexandria " 

Vancohiirj; Kon. 

Manchester Ohio 

May«ville,  Kon.  and  Ai)erd(!cn  Ohio 

Charleston Km. 

Ripley Oiiio 

Augusta Ken. 

Ncvillo Ohio 

Moscow " 

Point  Plciwint " 

New  llicliinond   " 

<'iilund)ia " 

(^inciiinali,  Ohio,  and  Coving- 

loinind  Newjiort  Ken. 

North  Bend Ohio 

Iiawrcncuburg In. 

Aurora " 

Petersburg Ken. 

Ilelievue " 

Rising  8un In. 

F'redericksiiurg Ken. 

Vcvay,  In.  and  Ghent " 

Port  William  " 

Madison  In. 

New  Ijondon " 

IJcthlchcin " 

Westiwrt Ken. 

Tnnisylvania " 

Louisville,  Ken.  and  JetFcr- 

Honville In. 

Falls  of  Ohio,  Shii)ping8port  .  Ken. 

Clarksvillc  In. 

Portland,  Ken.  and  New  Al- 
bany        In. 

Salt  river Ken. 

Northampton In. 

Leavenworth " 

Frcdonia " 

Stcphcnsport,  Ken.  and  Rome      In. 

Troy  " 

Rockport " 

Owenborough Ken. 

Evansville In. 

Henderson Ken. 

Moimt  Vernon In. 

Carthage Ken. 

Wabash  river " 

Raleigh " 

Shuwncetown H- 

Battery  Rock " 

Cavo-in-R(ak " 

Kirksvillo    Kon. 

(>oliM)iida II' 

Sinithlaiiil,  mouth  ol'  the  Cum- 
berland river Ken 


nUUnrM. 

42 


13 

7 

20 

7 

r> 

10 

11 

34 
27 
14 

C 
5 
4 

10 

7 

37 

27 

4 

27 

10 

19 

12 

7 

2 

18 

10 

11 

4 

0 

8 

7 

7 

4 

7 

15 


49 
09 
76 
82 
92 
103 
137 
lO-t 
178 
184 
189 
193 
203 
210 
217 
271 
278 
305 
315 
331 
310 
353 
355 
373 
389 

loo 

101 
410 
418 
425 
432 
430 
443 
'158 


8  400 

15  481 

8  489 

2  491 

2  493 

8  501 

2  503 

18  521 


11 

8 


12 

8 
7 


532 
5-10 


15  5.55 


.507 
575 

.582 


15  597 

12  009 

2  Oil 

1  012 

2  014 

22  030 

18  051 

17  071 

2  073 

32  705 

25  730 

16  740 
12  7.58 


36 

794 

12 

80«'. 

28 

834 

12 

846 

7 

a53 

5 

858 

6  804 

11  875 

10  8H5 

5  8'.H) 

15  905 

10  91!i 


Padiicah,  mouth  of  the  Ten- 
nessee river  Ken.  13  928 

Belgrade II.  6  934 

Americo "  28  962 

Trinity "  6    968 

Junction    of  the    Misiiisiippi 

and  Ohio  rivers "  4    972 

BeckwithB Mo.  12    984 

Columbia Ken.  0    990 

Mill's  Point "  10  1006 

Ilickinanton "  10  1016 

New  Madrid Ma  22  1038 

Riddle's  Point "  20*10.')8 

Little  Pmirio "  28  1080 

Fulton Ten.  .M  1137 

Randolph  "  21  11.58 

CrcHiock  A.T.  37  1195 

MemphiH Ten.  10  1205 

Si.  Francis  river A.T.  72  1277 

Helena "  12  1289 

Wiiitc  river "  00  1319 

Arkansas  riv(T "  10  13.59 

Villeniiint "  .50  1409 

Princeton Mi.  70  1479 

Sparta I.a.  82  1.501 

^ll)l|lh  of  the  V'lZoo  river. ..  Mi.  3  1.5»Vl 

Nicksburtf "  12  1.570 

WarreiUon "  11   1.587 

Palmyra "  7  1591 

Point'  Pleasont La.  9  1003 

Rock|Kirt Mi.  13  1010 

Bruinsburg "  111030 

Rodney "  7  1037 

Natchez "  45  1082 

Fort  Adams "  .50  1738 

Red  river La.  11  17.52 

Atclialalnyn  river "  3  17.55 

Tunica  Bend  "  27  1782 

St.    Fraiicisvilio    and     Point 

Cou|M'o "  23  1805 

Baton  Rouge "  .''4  1839 

Bayou  PliKiuemines "  20  18.59 

St.  (iahriel's  Church "  7  18<'>6 

Doiinld.xonvilie "  21  1H87 

(Jen.  Hampton "  8  1895 

Bringiers "  6  1901 

Cantrel's  Churches  "  6  1907 

Bonnet  Quatre  Church "  3119;« 

RedClmrch "  18  1956 

New  Orleans "  211977 

20.  New  Orleans  TO.  St.  Louts. 

Mouth  of  the  Ohio  river  ....  1005 

F.Ik  Island 8  1013 

l)ogliM)ih  Island 8  1021 

Knglish  Island 14  1035 

Cape  (orardeau Mo.  111040 

Bainbridgc,    Mo.    ond    Ham- 
burg   II.  10  1056 

MuddyCreek "  15  1071 

LaeoiisoH  Isluiui "  16  1087 

Mary'sCrcek II.  9  1096 

Kaskaskin  river "  6  1102 

RiverauVoflcs Mo.  10  1112 

StGenevieve "  9  1121 

Fort  Chartres II.  10  1 131 

Rnshlsland "  10  1141. 

Ilerculancum Mo.  10  1151 

Harrison 11.  1  11.52 

Marrameck  river Mo.  10  1102 

Canmdolet »•  12  1174 

St.  Louis "  7  1181 

21.  New    )iii,eansto  Florence,  A i.. 

Mouth  of  the  Ohio  river  ....  1005 

Trinity II.  4  1009 

America "  6  1015 

Belgrade "  28  1042 


i 


f' 


464 

Pailuinh,  moiiih  of  the  Ton- 

nPHHco  rivt^r 

r>iiiiHl'ii  Kerry 

FVird'H  h'crry 

IVipntvilU! !.. 

liny  noliUburg 

I  )urk  river 

I'crryvillo 

(.'nm)llvilln 

f 'nflec 

Snvaniinh 

Wnterjoo 

I<«nr  rrni-k 

Colbort's  Ferry  

Florenre 


APPENDIX. 


Kea 

41 

Ten. 


Al. 


f)  1019 

37  um 

2'J  1115 

5  ]l'M 

36  11. Vi 

18  1174 

24  1198 
27  122.') 
26  1251 

9  1260 

25  1285 
12  1297 
14  1311 
21  1335 


22.  Nkw  Orleans  to  Nabhvillk. 
Afuiilh  of  the  Ohio  river  .... 

America II.  10 

IWgmde "  28 

I'niliii-nh Ken. 

Sniithlnnil,  ni'iii  h  of  the  Cum- 

l)erlanct  river "  6 

r.(lily\illc   "  .56 

Canton "  20 

Dover Ton.  .'«) 

I'nimym "  31 

Hcd  river "  6 

IhiriK'ih  river "  20 

Na.shville  "  40 


1005 
1015 
1043 


1019 
1 105 
1125 
ll.-);) 
11  H<*, 
1192 
1212 
1262 


2.1.  Nkw  Ori.kanb  to  NATriiiTociiES. 

I^mnlilsvillo La.      90 

llnton  UoiiRo "        48  138 

Mouth  of  Kcd  river "        87  225 

Uhuk  river "        28  2.')3 

Bayou  .Sahne "        20  273 

Alexnmlria "        56  329 

Uegolct  tie  BoniJieu "        18  347 

Bayou  Cane "        36  .383 

Natchitoches "        24  407 

24.  New  Orleans  to  Modile. 


5 

20 

19 

10 

15 

10 

6 

7 

9 

45 


25 
44 
54 
69 
79 

a5 

92 
101 
146 


OF  THE 


19 
13 

4 
6 
4 


.32 
36 
42 
46 


Ijikc  Ponehartrain La. 

Point  Aux  llerbcs " 

T.akR  Borf;ne " 

Malhereux  IslnndH " 

Isles  8antn  Marie  " 

Catlsland " 

Ship  Island " 

Hound  Island " 

Pnsraf^ula  Bay Mi. 

Mobile,  by  land Al. 

25.  New  Orleans  to  the  Mouth 
Mississippi  river. 

Fort  St  Leon  and  Woodville.  La. 

f  ientility " 

(inrrcts  " 

Plaquemines " 

Point  La  Hacho " 

Fort  Jackson " 

Fort  St.  Philip " 

Fork  of  South  Pass " 

I'ork  of  Pass  k  la  Loutre  ....      " 

Balize " 

Frank's  Island    Light-house, 

and  mouth  of  the  Mississippi    " 

26.  St.  Loins  to  Franklin  and  Kanzas  river. 

Choteau  Island Mo. 

Missouri  river " 

Belie  F'onlaine *" 

Sioux  Portage " 

St  Charles " 

Femmc  Osage  river c 

Point  Lookoff " 

Marthasville " 

Newport " 

Pinkney " 

Loutre  Island " 


23      69 


4 

25 


73 
98 


6    104 
5    109 

5    114 


10 

7 

17 

4 

21 

7 

28 

12 

40 

17 

57 

9 

66 

14 

80 

6 

.86 

7 

93 

9 

102 

CnHrdniiilc  river " 

()Hnt!e  river " 

JeilirMonCily " 

Marion  " 

Koclierivcr " 

Boonvillo  •• 

franklin " 

Kivcr  il  la  Mine " 

Chariton " 

JoHerson « 

(irnnd  river " 

Wyaconda  ri v^r " 

Jioxington " 

Bliiinon  " 

Fort  Osngo " 

Liberty  Lnniling *' 

Mouth  of  Knnzas  river " 

27.  St.  Louis  to  Galena 

Cholcnu  Island   

Missouri  river 

l'p|M?r  Alton II. 

Illinoi.s  river  ....  i " 

(Jilead " 

(•larksville Mo. 

I.()iiiHiaiin " 

i*^!  verlon " 

Ilatuiihal " 

Kiver  Fabiiis " 

Wyneonda " 

Fort  Kd wards  .. II. 

lliver  des  Moines Mo. 

Head  of  the  Ilapids 

Henderson's  river II. 

Pope's  river " 

Fort  Armstrong  on  Rock  Isl.. 

Fever  river " 

Galena..; " 

28.  Galena  to  Prairie  du  Ciiien. 


Mississippi  river. 
Galena  river. .. . 


Mo.T. 

TctodeMortC " 

Grant  river M.T. 

Cassvillo " 

Ouisconsin  river " 

Prairie  du  Chien " 

29.  St.  Louis  to  Pekin,  II. 

Choteau  Island Mo. 

Missouri  river " 

Upper  Alton II. 

Illinois  river " 

Monroe " 

Macaupin  creek " 

Mauvnise  Terre  C " 

Beord'sTown " 

Sangamoin  river " 

S|)o<m  river " 

Pekin " 

30.  Buffalo  to  Cleveland. 

Sturgeon  Point N.  Y. 

Cataraugus " 

Dunkirk « 

Portland " 

Burgett's  Town Fia. 

Erie " 

Fairviow " 

Ashtabula Ohio 

Fairport " 

Cleveland " 

31.  Cleveland  to  Detroit. 

Sandtisky Ohio 

Ciinningimm's  Island " 

North  Bliss  Island " 

Middle  Sister  Island " 

Amhcrstburg If.  C. 

Fighting  Island " 

Detroit M.T 


mumrf. 

12 

114 

31 

14^ 

9 
17 

w, 

9 

\m 

23 

203: 

1 

a)4 

7 

211 

21 

2.1'i 

7 

212 

19 

261 

13 

274 

37 

311 

18 

329 

12 

312 

18 

.360 

15 

375 

"  10 

7 

17 

7 

2^1 

14 

38 

49 

87 

9 

96 

12 

108 

17 

12.5 

7 

132 

14 

146 

15 

161 

13 

174 

9 

183 

13 

!'.»»•> 

38 

231 

17 

.  251 

47 

2'.t8 

42 

340 

8 

318 

hen. 

8 

.  15 

23 

9 

32 

9 

41 

8 

49 

30 

79 

2 

81 

10 

7 

17 

7 

24 

14 

38 

7 

45 

10 

55 

47 

102 

15 

117 

16 

133 

20 

153 

27 

180 

16 

10 

26 

13 

39 

18 

57 

18 

75 

17 

92 

11 

103 

28 

131 

.32 

163 

30 

193 

54 

12 

66 

10 

76 

10 

B64 

20 

106 

6 

112 

12 

124 

*• 


ArPKNDIX 


4(55 


CANAL  KOIITKS. 
»         »  

•  :i'J.  Khik  Canal. 

Ktalr. 

Albany N.Y. 

Went  Troy " 

JiinclioM " 

Si'hriK'ilady " 

AiiiMtcrdiun " 

Siliolmrio  rreok " 

<  'iiiinlnu'wugfi " 

S|>riiker"H  Hnsiu " 

("unajohnric " 

liovviniitrM  iTfi'k  " 

l.itllo  Fulls 

llorkiiiicr " 

(joriimii  Kliits " 

Fmnkforl " 

Vucn " 

WliiU'ulKirough " 

Onskuny " 

Itonie " 

Now  Lunduii " 

Lonmin   " 

Onpidii  rrcek " 

Lenox  Uiwin " 

(/nnaxloln  " 

New  BoHlOll " 

Chiltpiiiiigo  " 

Kirkville    " 

Miiiiliiis    " 

Orville 

SyniniHO " 

(ii'ddcshiirf; " 

Nine  Mile  creek " 

Caniilius ' " 

Ciiiilon " 

Jordfin " 

Weed's  I'ort 

Centre  I'ort " 

I'ort  Hyroii " 

Liike|K)rt " 

Clyde " 

LyniiH " 

l/iikvillo   

Newiirk " 

I'ort  (;il)son " 

I'iilinvrn " 

Fair  I'ort " 

Fiillani'H  Basin " 

I'lllstbrd " 

Koehesler " 

Spencer's  Basin " 

Oitden " 

Adams " 

Broek[)ort " 

Ifolley " 

Murray " 

Alhion " 

Portville " 

f)ak()rehurd " 

Medina " 

Middleiwrt " 

I/)eki)orl " 

Fendletoii " 

'I'onne  wanta " 

Blnek  Itock 

Butthlo " 

33.  CllAMPLAlN  Canai,. 

Albany N.Y. 

West  Troy " 

Junetion  " 

Watcrfbrd    " 

Mechanicville " 

Stillwater 

Bemus  Heights " 

Schuylerville " 

Ouard  GaleH " 

Fort.  Miller " 

Fort  Edward 

3t 


7 
21 

ir> 

7 
4 
•J 
3 
3 

If) 
7 
2 
3 

10 
4 
3 
H 
7 
I) 
3 
3 
2 
4 
4 
4 
4 
3 
6 
2 
0 
1 
.<. 
f. 
fi 
I 
2 
»•) 
11 
9 
fi 
1 
3 
.5 
11 
2 
fi 
10 
10 

3 
fi 
•I 
2 
8 
4 
.') 
1 
fi 

12 
7 

12 
H 
3 


7 
2 

2 
8 
4 
3 
9 
2 
3 
8 


7 

7 
30 
IC) 
fi3 

M 
(VJ 
72 
88 
<.»;'> 
01 
KM) 

no 
lit 

117 

12.') 

132 

13H 

111 

111 

ItC) 

l.W 

151 

l.W 

lf.2 

IC..^. 

171 

173 

179 

180 

18.) 

191 

197 

198 

200 

201) 

217 

22() 

232 

233 

23f) 

211 

2;')2 

2.'^.! 

2()0 

270 

280 

282 

28.0 

2".H) 

29.') 

297 

:<().'■) 

.309 

314 

31.') 

321 

333 

:mo 

3.52 
3fiO 
3f)3 


9 
11 

19 
23 
2f) 

37 
40 

48 


Hut*  niiltuc^. 

Kiiiu'slMiry N.Y.  .'•  f)3 

Fort  Atnie "  7  fiO 

Narrows "  fi  I'l*) 

Whileliall "  fi  72 

31.  ( 'i.kvki.aM)  ro  I'oRTHMOtnii,  vin  Ohio  Citnul. 

Cuvidioga  .Aijneduel Ohio  22 

Ohl  ^orla^e '•  12  31 

Akron ••  4  3H 

New  I'ortogo "  f)  43 

Clinion "  11  M 

Masillon "  11  fiS 

Belldeheni "  fi  71 

BoliNar "  H      79 

Zoar "  3      82 

Dover ■•  7      89 

New  I'hdndeliihia "  4      93 

New  ( 'oniers'  Town "  22  1 1.') 

Coshoeton "  17  132 

Irville "  2fi  li')H 

Newark "  13  171 

Hebron "  10  181 

Lickiiii;  Snnunit "  5  18fi 

Luncaster  Canaan "  11  197 

Coiinubus,  side-cut "  18  21.') 

Bl(M)nilield "  8  223 

Cireleville "  9  2:« 

Cbiliicoihe "  23  25.'i 

I'lketon "  2.')  280 

Lncasville "  14  2">1 

I'ortsnioMth "  13  307 

3,5.  Sliiuyi-kili,  Navioation. 


Manayunk I'u. 

Norrisiown " 

I'henixville " 

I'ollHtown " 

rnionville " 

Bird.slH)rongh " 

lieadinir " 

llainbnrfr " 

I'ort  Clinion " 

Sclinylkill  Haven " 

I'oltsville 

I'ort  Curl)on " 

3().  U.MON  Canai-,  I'a 

Reading I'u. 

Bernville " 

Slouclif's  Town " 

Myer's  Town " 

Lel)anon " 

Tunnel " 

Water- Works 

•Swalara  A(|neducl " 

Beiivep  creek «' 

Middlelovvn " 

37.  1'e.\.nsyi,vania  Canal. 

Marietta Pa. 

Bainbridiie " 

Middle  Town 

High  Spire  Town " 

Harrisbnrg " 

M'AUister's  Town " 

Juniatta  river " 

Millorstown " 

Mifflin " 

Irfiwistown " 

Waynesbnrc " 

Hainiltonviile " 

Huntingdon " 

Petersburg 


Alexandria " 

Fraiikstown " 

Ilollidaysbnrg,   by  rail-road, 

to  .lohn's  Town  " 

Blairsville " 

Salf/.burg " 

Warren '. " 

Alleghany  river " 

Freeport " 

Pittsburg " 


8 

9 
13 
II 

4 

fi 
10 
23 

t 
12 

.5 

2 

4 

9 
3 
3 

-•i 

18 
9i 

3 

8 
17 

3 

9 

7 

8 
17 
17 
13 
14 
11 

7 

8 
23 

3 

37 
3^1 
17 
12 
1.5 
2 
28 


17 

») 

14 

48 

,5^1 

(VI 

87 

91 

103 

1(18 

110 


Oit 

44 
47 

.50 

.'■.4A 

72j 

82 


II 

28 

31 

40 

47 

5.5 

72 

89 

102 

116 

127 

134 

142 

165 

168 

20ft 
239 
256 
268 
283 
28ft 
313 


466       • 


AI'I'KNDIX. 


l.kS'l    Ol-  tiUMl^:  Ul<'  THE  I'UiNCU'AL  UOAIJS. 


Ifa'AiNAr'""  '"  Hullmioii,  Pliilmtrl 
Itliiii,   Trruliin,   M'eir    Vttrk,    .Viir 
lliirtH.lliiil.l'iiril,  I'niiii/nirr.  A'l  ir 
4^  port,     H'i.i/ii«,    I'lirl.-'iiniulh.    I'url 

lanil,  h'.ii.-^liKirt,  ami  Haiiijur. 

To  Itliicleuiibiirg,  Mil Milrn    ( 

VhiihviIIh *^    '■• 

Uallimorr '«    \f.i 

Joppii  Cr<w»  lloiuta IH    TiT 

llurC.ird «    '■ 

llnvr<'df(;riic<! II 

Norih  h^adi,  I'.O Ht 

Kiktiiii <• 

(;iiriHtiiiMii,  Dul Ill  101 

Ni'»|)iirt S  HM 

VViliiiiiiKtdii 1  HO 

Niiaiiiaii'H  Creek 7  IT 

rimslcr,  I'll 5  IW 

Harhy H  l:«t 

I'hiluilrlphia ?  i:r 

Friiiikliiril !>  Il'i 

lliiliiiiiMbiirK •')  11' 

llrJHtiil Ill  IV 

MorriHVJilc  HI  H.7 

Trrnlofi,  N.J I   W>* 

I'riiKi'liiii Ill  ITf 

New  llninswick Hi  It'i 

llriilc'lovvii I'J  '.>IH 

Klixnlictlitowii ^t'iW 

Nrwurk li  -17 

Jfnr  York,  N.  Y U  'i.'l 

llarlfiin H  tfM 

WcHi  Knriiis 'I  'J> 

N<:w  Kim:Iii;1Iu 7  '.MS 

Kv<' H'J 

<;re<ii\vi(li,  CI 5  i!.> 

fltaiiifor.1 5y(i:i 

Norwiilk 9  i!7 

!^auf.'iituck :i  "' 

ruirWM 0  'Jt^l 

iiri(i)ff|)ort 4  ana 

Hlriitrnril 4  i!H' 

Millor.l 4  i!!t: 

JVrin  IJanen 10  ;«):( 

MiTiiit'ii 17  :m 

Htrlin 7  :K7 

llarlford 1"  337 

KuMt  HarlfonI 3  :<4ll 

'J'ollniul 14  ;«4 

Stair.ird  I'onI 7  IJlil 

HliirliridKi'.  Mass 15  370 

Clmrllon li  :iK2 

VVorct!Ster 13  VX 

WcKllHiriiiij;!! 0  404 

Franiiiigliain 11  4l.'i 

Newloi 11  4ai 

Ru.xliiiry 0  43;i 

Boston 3  4:i<t 


By  SiirinfffieU. 

Ilartrord,  Ct 3:17 

VVindKiir 7  314 

Siimclil,  Mass 10  :)54 

HpriiiRticId 11  3ii5 

raliimr 10  371 

Westuni 8  37» 

nronkfleld 6  :<ri5 

Spencer 7  SiiS! 

|jeic<!8ter 5  407 

Wurceslcr C  413 

Boston 39  453 


Bif  Providence. 

New  Havcii 

Rrnoford 7 

nuilfbrd 0 

KilliiiRWorth 0 

Hay  brook 0 

LyniR 4 

AWd  Ijondon li! 

Norwich 14 

Jfewett'iCity H 

riaiiilield 7 

Scitiiate,  R.  1 15 

PravidtHce 15 


303 
310 
31!) 
33H 
337 
341 

:b7 

371 
37!i 

:Mi 

401 
410 


I'liwiiirkol  Kalln I  4'.HI 

Atlli'lMiriiuKli,  IVIaiw H  |>> 

vviiipiiic H  \:u\ 

llnlliiiiii II    117 

HoaloH 10  I.V 


By  I'umfrel. 

Hartford,  CI 3:n 

( 'ovcnlry 15  3.V.> 

MiiiiHlli'ld li  :i.v 

AHliford H  :il 

roinfrol II  3 

'rii(iiii|ii<oii (i  :m 

IIoiikIiikh,  MaM H  ;Rti 

rxbridKi; 5  IBNI 

Mrlidon 0  UK 

Ib'lliiiubaiii li  40i^ 

iMrdway li  411 

Mi'dlirld 5  41!) 

IhHiliaiii li  4' 

Bo.^lun 10  lltj 


Hnad  by  Hartford  ri.iumtU. 

Bd'-loii,  Ma«H 434 

I  'li.'irli'Htowii I  't:i5 

l.yiin H  IIH 

Siilriil 5  44c 

llrvirly a  4.VI 

VVi'iiliiiiii 4  451 

llaiiiiitoii 3  450 

hwwich 4  400 

ICowloy 4  40-1 

Nt'VvburyiKirt H  4?J 

^KKburyport  to  Eastport. 

JVcirhiirjiport 4?J 

Mt'rriiiiiick  Hridge 3  4"" 

lliiiiipton,  N.  11 il  4KI 

(ireviiland 7  401 

Purlmnouth 5  41N) 

York,  Mu 0  50."i 

Kminobiink 18  5i£) 

Saco Ill  5:«t 

Portland 15  54f 

North  Yarmouth 13  50O 

Krei'iiort 7  507 

llninswick 9  570 

Hath 7  583 

Woolwich 5  588 

Wincaasel H  570 

AIna 5  58_l 

Nil wcaHtle 0  587 

Waldoboroiigh 13  liOli 


VViirriMi 7  010  Wrt<tl)orongh 

Thoniaston 5  Oai 

Camden 10  Ull 

Canaan 7  038 

Northport 5  043 

Ik'lfust <>  04'.t 

'ruHpvct  Landing 0  05.'i 

ISiick8|N)rt 13  0(i7 

ninehill 17  OHI 

Surrey 8  Vifi 

Ellsworth e  008 

Trenton 6  7IM 

Hullivan 0  710 

Goldsborougb 7  717 

Steuben 9  730 

Columbia 30  740 

Jonesborough 9  755 

Machiag-bridgc 9  764 

'-    --       ~  Pall8 6  770 


Machias,  E 

Eastport 30  eOOlConcofd 6 

Stow M 

IVashingUm  to  Dartmouth  College. 

Sj)ringfleld,  Moss 305 

Northb  upton    18  3Z< 

llalfle  1 5  :578 

Deerficid 13  :m 

nrennneld 4  ;«I4 

llintxlale 11  405 


Chiirli'Hliiwn 13  110 

VVralheritlleltl i<  |5| 

WinilHor i|  .|();i 

llniiliird 14  477 

Hanover,  DartnioutliCullegu  4  481 


48 
03 
73 
78 
m> 
101 


BoH/on  ^l  Concurd,  DarlmoulM  Col- 
Uf.'r.A'.  II.  ;  Minliielirr,  Burliiiir- 
lull,  yi.;  Montreal  and  (iHtbec. 

MuiH'onl,  Mmhi 4 

.^tnni'liHrn 5     0 

Krading 3    |>2 

Aiiilover H    3(t 

Saliin,  N.  II lu    31 

l^iiidonderry 0    :r7 

CIli'Hlrr II 

Conrord |5 

llnM-awi-n 9 

Sulixltiiry ti 

AiiijiiviT H 

Kiilifld 1H 

Hanover,  liartnmuUiCollegu  l-i  iiii 

Niiriviili,  Vt I  117 

Sirairi.rd 11  |>J^ 

I'lii'Isea 10  i;t^ 

I  )rnnBe Ill  Hri 

liarre G  IM 

MiinlpcUcr 0  IIX) 

iMiildlenex 0  m\ 

VVaterlmry t 0  I7i 

llolton H  im 

Kirhniond 5  Ih5 

WilliNton 5  1!HI 

Burlington H  l!tH 

ColrlleKter 6  tilM 

iMillon H  ai'2 

(ieorgia t<  iWIt 

Ht.  Albans 4  334 

Swanton !)  iKtl 

Ht.  Johns -,14  i9i7 

La  I'rnirie 18  >J85 

Montreal 0  '.".I  | 

St.  Hiilpicc ;«  :«!» 

Ilcrlliler :iO  :«!• 

Trois  Kivieres 41  400 

Ht.  Ann's 34  434 

Ht.  Augustine 40  4<i4 

ilucbec 18  483 

Boston  to  Jilbanf. 
Roxbury 2 


Newton 7 

Kraniinghani 13 


.9 


9 
21 

:io 

39 
45 
50 
57 
03 
77 
93 


Worcester 9 

Leicester 6 

S|)encer 5 

Hrooktield 7 

Western fi 

Itelcliertown 14 

Northampton 16 

Chi'sterlield 14  107 

llinsilnle 17  134 

ttsflciii 9  i:n 

New  Ixibanon  Springs,  N.  Y..7  140 

Stephen  town 9  149 

Hchooilic 11  160 

.Albany 9  109 


Boston  to  Oreenfitld  »nd  Brattlt- 
borough. 

Lexington 10 

16 
34 

Holton 7    31 

lancaxter 4    35 

Leominfiter 7    43 

We.xtminsler 10    S3 

Tcmplcton 8    60 

Athol 8    68 

MoMtacne 35    83 


lirutlleborough,  Vl 9  414Ureeutteld 7    90 

rmney 9  433 


Weslminstcr 10  43:1 


WalHc 1  431iAthol 


Bo.-iton  to  Braltleborough. 


68 


/- 


•^       t  AIM'KNDIX. 

Warwick !•      77,VVii!.liiiiBlon :Hl 

WiiichiHecr 7     H4  .M'lilisiiii :iu 

KiiiKilul)- 5      HI  M  Miinvillc :U 

lirattluliuroiiKli D      '.ij  Ji  tl°<  rnon 411 

;JVii.<Ac(//e -Xi 

WanhinirKin  to  Hirhmond,  Aa/cij,rA.  Kriiiiklin Ir4 

Cii/Hmhin.Millnlgrnllr,  h\irl Himl-  Ihuk  river 'M 

ilarl,  Miliilf,  null  M'fui  Orlcann.     rrriiiicHscn  rivor I'lt 


407 


•r 


Alexiinilriu 

OtT.oijiiuii,  Vo 10 

Diitiilrii'ii 10 

A<|um (• 

HtHltbnt 3 

Fri.'ilerickHhurg II 

Vilt'lioriMiutw H 

ItowliniK  (irccn H 

Wliiti!  1,'liiiiiiiiuH i:< 

lliinov«r<;.  II 10 

Uirkmond '.20 

Manchi^KtiT "2 

ri.'turHbiirtf '21 

llillii|> 0 

llarriHVilln 23 

(ilmUoirH '21 

VVarrtiituii,  N.  (! :il 

l.i'wipltiirg '2i') 

Halngh IW 

Av4'ry)<lii)riiiif(li :U 

FttfifllrrUlf 'Hi 

Winrtcld,  S.  C 04 

(>ri-fnvlllu H 

CaiiidiMi a-i 

Columbia :U 

fc:<l««li.!l(l,C.  II .'•O 

Jlunuula '24 

Lniiisvillf! 40 

HaiiniliTHvillu '24 

Millidnrrille '24 

Port  llawkini) 'M 

I'owrla 4.'i 

PiiiMtCciiiiforl 50 

Alahaiim  river 140 

Kort  Stoililart '20  KKi:, 

Moliili!.  by  mater 40  |(l4,'"i 

Hhit'tilHbnroiiell 107  I  t.V2 

JVfie  Orleans 00  I'2Ih 


Mliidwlivill)!,  Mill 77 

'2:1  lliiiilNtiiii ^i»\ 

'Xi  WaHliiiiKtoii 14 


4'2  Nalrlici 


Ullj AvDii .1 

t'>ll|<J»'ni'Hi'<'  rivi'f I 

)i70l(.'al<>tl(iiiin HI 

7IOlliitavm 10 

41  Uiilt'aliJ. 40 

r>!i  

Oh  iMke  y.rit. 

Kric UN) 

1i:Ri:<;raiiil  rivur ',K) 

lltXII'li'vi'lanil :hi 

'  174'Saiiiliiiky .'17 


7!i:i 
41-2 


47  lloiiicxliiit')  rivor •20  I-2IIII 

.V  Aiiiili'  rivi'r ;i!l  li'Bi 

7'2Ht.  Il.iiciia  t;.  II '20  l-2iiH 

KI>ii>riiii!Oi'lil in  lilf 

0:1  MaiiiHiiiiviiii! '20  i:ui: 

111:1  Ki>rl  St.  John Z\  IXHi 

1-2:1  St.  Jciliii's  Niihiirh 4   VX» 

yHiXtm  Urii  aiu '2  VXUi 

IHi,  

l.VtlPiltahurg  to  AVir  Orteann,  by  voter 

l7r<{Moiitli  of  tin;  Ohio •.Il'.i 

l!llt|Niw  .Madrifl Ki  \n\.\ 

'2:tOKir!«t  lOiiir 70  Kin 

h'ort  I'lcki^riiiK )i:i  Il4:i 

St.  Kraiii  is  rivor ii(l  l-.ii:! 

VVIlite  river 7H  I-2HI 

ArkaiiHaw  river 14  llfXt 

Loiiisiaiia  Imiimlary Ilhj  |:ki7 

Vu/.oii  river t'j  \\^-i 

Walnut  llillH 14  M'.Hi 

J^iilc/ie: 117   11,1:1 

I'lirl  Ailaiiis (i'J  lii;o 

Keil  river IH  lti!i;i 

Point  L'iiii|M.'u 71   1774 

Kaiiiii  Koiiue. :»:i  i?.c 

DonalilsoiiviJiu 57  If'ti 

JVnr  Orlniiu Kl  I'.W 

KnKhtili  Turn II  I!I4h 

Koit  St.  I.eon r>  liChl 

(ieiililly Ill  I!H,:1 

Kort  St.  I'liiJip 44  '2(KI7 

llalize Xt  '2040 


..0  lMi!Ma|,lvii <.NI 


'iV) 

'2^7 

:»47 

411 
4111 
471 

riiMi 

li'2(! 
I).>ll 
074 
70", 
7(<(l 
KU 
OKI 


H'lishingloH  to   Charleston,  Savan 
nail,  anil  St.  Mary's. 

Fnyetteville ^17 

Jjiiiiiborton '23  :iHI 

I'jMlee  river,  H.  C 00  44(1 

China  <;rove '20  400 

(ieorKetown '£i  4f+2 

Hantee  river 10  40H 

Charleston 4S  54:1 

JackBonlioroiigh 33  570 

I'orotaliBO 31  00 

Coimnwhatchic 0  Oi:i 

Siirannah 44  I'v5' 

Brvant;.  II 15  07-2 

Miilway I'2  IW 

RitehoronKh 5  <;>^!l 

M'lnloHh(;.  11 17  7(»i 

Darien 12  7Ih 

JeirerHon 4rt  700 

St.  Mary's '24  700 

Point  Putre 3  703 


Washington    to  AVm   Orleans, 
Knoiville. 

PrcderickHliiir);,  Va 

Rnni  S|iriiii;ii .'t2 

OraiiRfiC.II '20 

rharloiteBvillu :*4 

Now  York '20 

Slauntnii l<» 

llrowiiHhiirK ti 

l.e\iM|!ton 13 

Natural  Kritlge 14 

Piiicnslle 30 

fhriHtiaiiDhiirg 50 

VVvtheC.  H  :w 

AhiiiK'loii tv* 

Hloiintsvillp,  Ten 24 

Roiwvillp IH 

Kngerxviiiu 25 

Riilleili;e ;t4 

Knotrillt ;13 

Kingston 43 


'2:11 


Washington  to  Jilbany  and  Montreal. 

New  York  city 'J-.'li 

KiiiL'Hliri(l|>i> 5 

I'eeksklll 31 

Kislikill 'JO 

Poiilflikeefisje 12 

Staiitxliiiri,' II 

Ithiiielierk 0 

IIikIhiiii :I7 

Kiiiilerhriok 10 

Mlianii :«) 

VVaterlord II 

Stillwater ".1 

Saratotfa 15 

Fort  lOilward 12 

Whitehall '25 

lliirliiiL'ton,  Vt.  nil  the  lake  70 

I'laltshiirK '2(1 

St.  JohiiH (ill 

Montreal 21 


Ueiroil Irt 


'2'JS 
'23'2 
'24a 

'riii 


303 

4li'2 
4>2 
540 
IkRI 
(Hi7 


Albany  to  Uuffalo  by  Cherry  yallty. 


liiiilderlaiiil. 

Diianesliiiri; 11 

Schoharie 10 

r.irli...|i  (i 

Sharon.    10 

Cherry  Valley 11 

S|iniiuOi'lil U 

KiihOeld 10 

l.itihtield 7 

llndi'water 3 

SiiiiijerOeld 7 

Maclisoii 7 

Morrm'  PlatM 7 

I'a/.eiiovia 11 

ManliiiM H 

Huffalo,  as  uIhivu 155 


Huffnio  to  I'iitsbyrg. 

Kiuhteen  Mile  Creek 

Caiiudaway 47 

Krie 33 

WaterOird 15 

.Meadville 'il 

Martin'H  Perry 15 

I'itthhiirg 71 


If'iishiiiglon     to      lliirrhhurg, 
Ihrnii  to  liiijalo. 

(Jeorgetow  II 

Montu'oiiiery,  C.  II.  Md 12 

Ciarkesliiirg 13 

Pri  derli'ktDWtl. .' 15 

Criitrerslown 12 

Kiiiiiiil>liiirL' II 


U 
'211 

:h) 
:iti 

4<i 
5-2 
M 
OK 
75 
Ml 
Iff 
IM 
101 
ll'i 
1-20 
'275 


18 
05 
<M 
113 

i:<o 

151 

and 


'2f'2|(iiiu>liiiri,',  I'a 0 

204  Carl  isle... '27 

:"i5|llarrislHirj{ H 

•'iljUalilax lit 

'-■"iSiiiihtiry 37 

;.>f  .VorihniiilH'rlaiid 2 

:ii-    "tlillcMi II 

:i!tO 
408 
•12:1 

4:t5 

4t>(l 


..Albany   to   tiuffoln,  Sandusky, 
iJriroit. 

Sehenectady 

,\ni!4ti!rilani 12 

I'alatiiie 24 

Maiiheini 0 

lalllo  I'aljg II 


15 
'27 
51 
57 

iif 
IKiillerkimur rt     7( 


14 
'J7 
4'J 
5^1 

Ii5 
71 
nil 
110 

i:w 

175 
177 
ItH 
'201 
215 
'XI 
2!N) 
:i02 

:fnt 
:m7 
:iivi 

:w<i 

4-20 


144 
11)4 
IKt 

'2(15 
21 H 

'*:w 


IJtiea 10 

New  llartlorJ 4 

Vernon || 

Sullivan !l     llCii  .\llechany  Ml 

iVaiiliii.-< II 

.laiiieMVille 7 

I  liiondaca  Hollow Ml 


:ilv;Miir<elliiK 


10 


:i4(iSkeneatele!" «l 

104  Aiihurn 8 

42^  .\iirelinH .4 

4IOCayitBa 5 

47l|(ieneva 13 

505('anaiidaii;na 10 

5:t>'^nioomli>  Id 12 

561ILiina 5 


.Mlllieev II) 

Williain^lMirt II 

'I'ioL'a Ii5 

l.iiidleystown,  N.  Y 10 

IViiiiK'il  I'ost 12 

5;il)ill:ith lf( 

5.'i(M)aiiville '27 

OlOiheicesl.r 17 

t^lllUatavia 2.5 

Hiill'alo 40 

and  

Washington  to  I'lii.^hnrg  and  F.rie. 
Predenektowii,  iiii  ahove.  ...        42 

Middh'town 0      51 

lli)onMhorniii>h H      57 

llat'erslown 12      00 

Me,is.'rslmrK.  I'a  10     K» 

70|M(  'oniielHliiire 10      05 

Ihilcrossiii!!  Jiiiiiatta 14     100 

IHiJDIocKlv  Knn 0    115 

lll7|ltedtord H     1S3 

'2:i    I4fi 

l'271SoinerMet 10     lf>2 

i;M!<;reeiiHbiirg 36    lOH 

I  I4i  I'lllslinrg :iO    -i^i^ 

I51'l'ranklin.  .    70    '2!iH 

IrtOi Meadville 'Hi    rttS 

liif^iVValerforil "2.'.    :M« 

17-iKrie 15    363 

177  

I'.Kll  WnshtngloH  to  Del  roil 

2(H)  I'lllsbiirir 

21Hneaverlown 30 


'223,  New  Lisbon 3U 


5B8 
238 
388 


h< 


•  « 


^ 


Am 

Ciiyulioin  riv«r 9)1 

('|i-v('liiiiil ;Mi 

Kiiiiilii^kv .'iT 

I'.irl  .M<'ii!M IN) 

rri'iirhlciwii :iH 

llrMWiiNtowii IH 

llrlriill IH 

PInlniletphia  to  HtUhurg 

Mm  k  'I'ltvern 

DiiwiiinRltowii 31 

<;ii|i  llill !> 

(..'iiiriiHliT tW 

i:ii/.;ilii'llitii\vn IH 

Mi'iillrtiiwri H 

llnmfliiiri; !t 

CllllHlr' Ill 

Hhi|>|iriiKbiirK 'JO 

('li.'iiiilii'ribiirK 10 

I. Inn Ill 

iM'CciniiKlttliiiri; H 

I'ittitlmrg 1X1 


AIM'KNDIV. 

mrhitlirolhr CitJ 

>lllliiiiiliriil|ii' I!l 

i:iT\v.-.t  I'lMoii w 

lli;  UliKi  nViT Itl 

.Sdj  .>|a\svillc,  (ir  l.imriiliinc. 

.'.Ill    k.-n 1 

/it  1 1  Ay  (inlliiinli.^. 

iM.'irii'lIn 

Il.l|.n- I.'S 

f'Trnv   II 

ntM,nilhm<'ri''-k '.M 

:i'.i  r.iirlmvi'ii II 

•;'.'li:il|i|i.>li!< t 

HII'iirl-iiiMiiili 14 

f'*  Alt'viiiiilria 'i 

117  I'r.  itoii ''I 

Ii:tM,n.4Villr  Km i'l 

l:n\VasliinL'liiii 4 

ICIIIIiir   l.l.kH W 

IliiParm >.M 

lii'l  l.i'\ini.'ton "■i'i 


U<M 


Philadrl)ihia  In  Hnllimore,  hi)  Imk 
rn.^lir. 

I.aiicnsh'r fi? 

roliiiiiliia 10      7'.' 

Viirk H      HI 

llnlliinori' 4H    Kl.' 


Hiiltimore  lo  Vilinburg. 

Ilodk^lciwil 

IIi'i'-lcrlKWri I'i 

Wrsimjiislur II 

'riiiK'ylinvii 14 

Mi-KHiTKhiiri; •)!! 

I'iltsliiir)!,  iiH  iiliovc \H 


H 

:ii 

a:, 


ViTMiiiiicH i:( 

f'rn  Ilk  furl I'J 

Slirllivvjllc lit 

Miiiillctuii  ".tl 

l,iiiii!<villi'.  riilHiiroilio  ...l-J 

.IcIlirNciiivtllc.   Ill I 

Clnikcxvillc I 

yiiirfttiii  ■< Ill.'i 

/iVW.<;-/.(.(,  II IHi 

I''(ir1  Cliaih'H '.Vi 

.SI.  /.I'll  i.'\  .\lo 3*2 

8t.  ••Iiurlf.s SI 


H'nuhinplnn   lo    ChillirnUr,   Frank 

furl,  f'iiinnnr.i,  h'li.ikn^kin.  Si. 
/.oiiis,  anil  .'SI.  Charlf.s,  hij  l'^ll.^ 
burg. 

Pitlshiirc '->2!t 

rnTirMixliiiri; 18  347 

WiiHlnnelon S  '.'.Vi 

Wlii-cliiiR,  \n :W  i-'7 

f»i. nnir8viiiu. ().; II  '.fif- 

Mnrri.i  Tnwii 10  •.VYr' 

WaHliliiKKin 34  ;i:W 

CaiiilirKleo 10  -M-i 

ZaiicKvillc y.l  3t 

Ni!w  Laiicagtf.-r ;iii  4(i:i 

Tarltnn IH  431 

CMlicolhe lt>  4:17 


ll'rt.iliinclnn    In   SI.   iMui^    niid 
C/inrlr.<.  hii  ShainiiTlnirn. 

I.i'Xiimlciii.  KiMl 

llaJnlstDUii (17 

lli'iilsliiiri! 1<> 

r.li/.alirllilciwn 10 

llMrili'iisliiirit t(7 

Yrllow  Hank 47 

(iriM'ti  river 14 

lli'iiilcrsciii 31 

.Miirmiiilicld 31 

Sliri wiicflown,  II l-l 

f<alt  SpriiiKH 13 

lljc  Miiililv  river 47 

l.illlc  iMii'clily  rivor 10 

lli'aiir(iii|i II 

An.s/, «,./,(«  40 

I'rairic  tin  Uocliur 14 

fiilidkia 47 

SI.  /jwii.  M(t.  T :i 


4l7'rii..«i.T    71  1.1 

IIMllVniiiiiiin'H  (rp)>k,  IM-I !i  'jii 

471  Wihiiiiiijliiii 7  iJ7   , 

4110  \'i'«iii-iir 3  ai 

{.><l.  tii'iirui'K  town .10  4-4 

41»IVaiilwi||i« II  .',1 

iDlirkrri'ck II  fi>J 

'M'l  Ihirrr li|  74 

:i:K' Kn  il.-rlckii pj  Hi 

:ti:iMiilnnl 7  1t:j 

:"'i<  •!..«.•!< 1:1  UNI 

;I7-  <ic'i.rL'i'!iiwii H  114 

:t.-3  Hau-I'iirv II)  1:1:1 

4-.'i.'rr.i|),  M.I II  144 

43fiSiiiiuhill '.l(  |t,4 

44H|Iloriiln\vii.  Vn HI  IHI 

471  Ad.imac  <■  II JS  IHS 

47r  \(irlliaiii|i|iiii  C.  II 3.5  330 

A'VjVuriolk 1.0  3HI 

.'•111  rorixiimnth 1  3^1 

.".11  Siill'olk '2H  INltl 

.VMCiiiinlant,  N.  (' 30  IMI 

M  Miiihcii 0  :i:u 

.V.-.  I'arknr .■}  3|0 

r.O.-i  KiliiiKin 17  :tt7 

iil7('riiH4  ,\llii-iiinrli!  t*iiiinil  to 

til-     rhnioiiili IH  37.'» 

•'.111  Wa-liiMuiiiii :t3  407 

7."il  Ncwlprrii ICi  4  13 

IKHITn.iii.m ',«(i  4ti3 

'XVi  lliiiii|ilirrv!< 34  4Hft 

'.•.iTWiliiiini-ion :..... V\  .113 

1)7''  Vnri'nni's fO  tVi-i 

<;c(irif<li>wn,S. c; 4H  COO 

SI.  Cliarlestuii («  7^3 


."141 
034 

(•.:i4 
r.71 

7IH 


Jiugiifin,   ftm.  In   l.rrineinn, 
l/iriiiiirli  Ihf  Chrrnkcf.  nation 


11.  (ll'O.. 


rdliuiiliin  ('. 

Iliiy's  MillH i:» 

l3|VViisliiiii!tiin 1.) 

7.">:!  I.i'xiiicliin •■£{ 

774l.Allii>ii» It) 

7Hlt  t  'larki'sli(iroii|.'li 30 

Wlll-Apiialaili..  nvrr 'H 

H4H  KiitrrClicTokfT  nation. .. . 

K'lHI'lialalioiirlii'i!  river 10 

Ht'.li  'lieriiato  river ,5 

017  Klau  a  nvcr Irt 

IKirl.iiii!;  S\vniii|i 14 

'.CHTiirkinu  U'><^k  river II 


By  Maritlta. 

FairfaxC.  II,,  Va 1"» 

Ontrfiville 0      34 

Ooslien 11      a") 

MiiWlubiirR 0     44 

Paris 12     .W 

Millwood H      tl4 

Battlptowii H 

Winclicater n 

Caraimn  Kivcr 30 

Koinnoy 3.5 

Western  Port.  Md 3li 

(treenrind  Creek 1.5 

YdiiRliiogcny  river !> 

Cheat  river 37 

Oandayaville,  Va .5 

ClarkpHhiirR Rl 

Marshvillo 2H 

Ohio  river .57    nil! 

Marietta,  Ohio 1    317 

Athens 4U   357 


lit- 1 ;( )nst  anatilee  river,  K.  Ilraiieh  13 

f!t.  Charles 31  lIKtt  Vans 17 

'dnstannuleeriv.  W,  hranrh  17 

WasMnglon  tn  M'nfllii-ilk.  JVnfcAc:,' AnioV  river 10 

fiiiil  A'fin  (Means.  '    llliwasscc  river H 

r.r.viiiclDii,  Ken 541  'I'ellico 33 

NiclKdasviile 14    .5.5.5  lloiinilary  of  the  Cherokee 


l.ane.Tfter  15  .570 

Stanford Il>  .5H0 

fJreenslHirir 75  liti5 

7H|crossiiiL'  Little  Barren  river  13  W>1 

OH|Hliie  SpriiiK 10  077 

lail.niasfow 13  (Ml 


intion 13 

hnnrrille.  Ten 27 

Ifnlledge 3:1 

Oresville 13 

T.r/ewell 13 

I'owelsville 7 


UUiCross Great  Barren  river.  ..311    71HlCiinihorland  fJap 7 

104  llowlinL'  (ireen 4    7'J3lCnniherland  river,  Ken 13 


n:i Cross  <;HS|H'r  river 14 

300;Uiissellvllle 14 

30.5iS|ninBlield.  Ten 35 

3:tliiJV«.s//n7/o 30 

3.511  


730  Harhersville 14 

7.50iHieeton 33 

775'llazleimt(:h 8 

m'l 


Philailelphin  lo  Charlt.iton,  S.  C,  by 

the  coast. 
Darliy,  Pa 7i 


Mount  Vernon 17 

Hie  Hill 5 

Kirliinond 14 

Kentucky  river 10 

Iicxinyton 14 


Ken. 

33 
35 
.50 
7:« 
Wl 
101) 
131 

141 

14li 
104 

I7H 
IHI 
301 
3IH 
33.5 
345 
3.5:1 
3Wi 

200 

:t3ii 
:Mit 
;i7i 

3H4 

:«M 

:hih 

411 
43.5 
44H 
4.5t! 
473 
47H 
403 
503 
51G 


* 


#    ^ 


"1 

i*« 

s 

vu 

.7  . 

*l 

■  ■i 

» 

.11) 

4i 

.It 

.'il 

.11 

t'.-i 

■  \i 

71 

.\i 

Ml 

...7 

«i:t 

..13 

\m 

...H 

III 

..111 

IXI 

..n 

Ml 

.  .'.ti 

ir.l 

•111 

li-O 

.13 

I!I5 

.  V, 

'i-in 

M\ 

'XI 

...I 

'i"! 

..'.'f 

-.Mill 

. .  .•.tl 

:mi 

. .  .ti 

:i;u 

...3 

310 

.17 

:«57 

n 

..IH 

yjr, 

. .  IW 

•1(17 

.  :ci 

1 1-.' 

. .  .'.•(» 

V.-i 

. .  .>24 

4"!; 

. .  M 

.'iiii 

...HI 

t>'.*-j 

.  ..4f 

r.m 

...IW 

7.M 

COUUIX'TIONS  AM)  ADDITIONS. 


. . .  i;« 

33 

....!.'. 

r*) 

...*« 

7.1 

....Iti 

H'.l 

.  .  .iMI 

ID'.I 

..  2a 

131 

v.".  10 

141 

....3 

111'. 

...Irt 

1114 

....14 

I7H 

...11 

IHI 

IIClll'J 

Wl 

...17 

'JIH 

ich  17 

ii:Ci 

...  10 

i;4.'i 

....H 

i')3 

. .  .-.a 

anC) 

Lce 

...13 

2(l<l 

. . . .27 

32(1 

1.1 

:m'.i 

"171 

".".'.'.13 

•11  1 

:iH4 

7 

3!M 

7 

3ilH 

...13 

411 

...14 

4ii1 

. . .  .ii3 

44H 

8 

4.1(1 

....17 

473 

3 

47H 

....14 

4!fi 

....10 

302 

....14 

Slfi 

IV.p. 


AARONSnrnf;,  r<.r  "  villnirr,  NnrllmmlHr. 
hinil  ro.  I'a."  nail,  /oir/i,  ('(iitrt;  co.  l'n. 
wllirli  Hrr. 

.\I,\(JI'\,  t.  1111(1  r:i|i.  Wiillnn  ro..\V(st 
I'loriiln,  nil  III.  \V.  from  'I'lillaliusxr,  ami 
1,1111  fnuii  W. 

ADAMS,  I.  WaHliinirlon  v<\  Oliin.  roji. 
|H;t((,  is'.i.  'riicrr  is  liiii  one  liiwii  naiiK-il 
Adiims  ill  ^Va^llill;.'t(lll  m.  (  Hiio. 

ADDISON,  r.1.  ill  the  .\K.  |>.irt  nf  Imlianu. 
IViI).  1,(1011.     <'liiit'  town,  I'l.rt  Wiiyiii'. 

AMIJOV, /Vi7//.     roj..  H7:», 

A.MIIOY,  .v«i./f/(.     I'op.  .V3. 

AMIIKIJ.S'r,  t.  M:iiii|ii*liiri'  <•<).  Mn«M 
2,(i.'tl.  ('nmiiicmi'iiU'iil  of  iIm!  roilipc  in  uii 
the  (Jmrtii  WfiiiicHilay  in  August,  'riicrc  iirc 
three  ViiratiotiH  in  a  year  :  tlie  1st,  frfim  eiiiii- 
nienceiiicnt,  1  \ve«'k.s;  the  2(1,  Crom  tlio  Ith 
AV('(iii(S(lay  in  DertiiilHT,  fi  weeks;  the  .'Id, 
t'niiil  the  Mtl  Wednesday  in  .May,  'i  weeks. 
The  miiiilu-r  of  vdiiimes  in  the  lilir;iries  it* 
7,lMill.  Ill  re  are  likewise  an  academy,  and  a 
seminary  ealled  tlie  .Mount  I'leasaiit  Institu- 
tion lor  the  ('(hieation  of  iMtys :  it  Ima  !i  in- 
structors, and  is  justly  (Mlehratcd 

AND  KS,  t.  n(  ia ware  CO.  N.  Y.     Top.  1  ,K';!I. 

ANCItA.M,  t  <'olumhiu  co.  N.  Y.  Top. 
l,r>Xi. 

ANN  AF{ROR,  t.  and  caj).  of  Washtenaw 
CO.  .Mich,  i'l  III.  from  Detroit, on  Huron  river. 

AUKANSAS,  CO.  in  the  K.  part  of  Arkaii- 
uns  Territory.  Pop.  1,123.  C'liicf  town,  .\r- 
kaiiDas. 

AI{I\ANS.\S,  t.  and  cap.  of  Arkansas  ro. 
is  situated  on  the  N.  side  of  ArkaiisiLs  river, 
lllm.  helow  [,ittl(!  HiKjk. 

ATHI:NS,  t.  Athens  co.  Oliio.     Pop.  72!). 

I5KDF(  )I{D,  V.  and  cap.  of  Bedford  ca  Pa. 
Pop.  in  IHHd,  w;f). 

HK1J,I:F()NTE,  t.and  cap.  of  Jackscm  (;o. 
Al.  172  111.  NE.  from  Tuscalixwa,  and  f)b6  in. 
from  W. 

HF:IJ.E  FONTAINE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Lo- 
pan  CO.  Ohio,  <i2  in.  W.  from  Columbus,  and 
45H  from  W.     Pop.  2fir). 

BERRIEN,  CO.  of  Michigan.  Pop.  323. 
("liicf  town,  Niles, 


• 


CO.  A  I.  Ill)  III.  NE.  from  TuhcuI.mjbji,  and  748 
from  W. 

IIOMVAR,  t.  mid  rap. of  lliirdiman  co.  W. 

Tennessee,  l.'iH  m.  SW.  from  Nash\il|i'. 

liOl.lV  AR,  f.  .la.kson  co.  in  the  N  E.  cor- 
iier  of  .Miihiinia,  near  tlie  linmidiiry  of  Ten. 

llI.<M)Mi'li;i,D,  I.  and  eaji.  ol' (irceiie  e... 
III.  71!  III.  SW.  friini  Indinnnpolis,  and  MH 
from  W.     It  is  siliiateii  on  Whiti"  river. 

HRIIm;EPORT,  K-p.  Fairfield  co.  Ct.  in- 
stead  of /xir.  in  tlu;  towiislii|>  of  .*^l^atlord,  mid 
al^er34  III.  W.  ot;  read  Sir.itlord.  It  eoiitaiiis 
extensive  miinnfadures  of  wikiI  ,'iiid  cotton. 

lU'CYRI'.S,  t.  Crawliird  eo.  Oliio,  (iU  in. 
N.  from  ( 'oluiiihiis.     I'oji.  ()70, 

HI' 1. 1, ET,  CO.  Km.     See  n„ll,lt. 

noWEIN<;  (JREEN,  t.  and  cap.  of  Clay 
CO.  III.  <!!)  III.  SW.  from  IndianaiMilis,  imd  (ill 
from  \V. 

CAMIOI'N,  CO.  II.  in  the  W.  part  of  the 
state,  on  the  ^Mississippi  river.  Chief  town, 
(iilead.     Pop.  1,0110. 

i'AMHRIIMJE,  1.  Middlesex  CO.  .Mass. 
Pop.  in  le30,  (i,071.  For  "tliree  collefrc8," 
read  lln: 

(;ARIJNEVIM,E,  t.  uml  cap.  Maraupin 
CO.  II. !!')  III.  N  W.  from  Vandalia,  Hf.I  t'rom  W. 

CAREYEF^  for  "v.  Wiisliinfri.m  ,;„.  1|." 
read  t.  and  cap.  Clinton  co.  II. 

(;ARTII.\<;E,  t.0.xfl)rd  co.  Mc.    Pop.  3.13. 

CIIAREESTOWN,  l.  and  cap.  of  Clarke 
CO.  In.  10.')  in.  SE.  from  Indianapolis, and  C>f'A 
from  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  Oliio  rivi  r,  13 
III.  l)elow  Ik'tlilcliLin,  and  is  a  flourishing  vil- 

CHESTER,  t.  and  caji.  Mei;.rs  co.  Ohio.  HI 
III.  SE.  friiin  Columhiis,  313  j'roin  W.  I'op. 
161. 

COEI'IMRIA,  t.  and  cap.  of  Woimv  co.  INIiso. 
.^)fi  III.  from  .lelVerson  City,  21  E.  from  Frank- 
lin, and  !»!tl  from  W. 

COM'.MIU'S,  t.  and  cap.  of  RarlholonK  w 
CO.  In.  II  III.  S.  from  ImiianaiKilis. 

COVENTRY,  t.  Tolland  co.  Ct.  Pop. 
2,11:'),  which  sec. 

COVINt/roN,  t.  and  cap.  of  Fountain  co. 
In.  HI  ni.  NW\  from  Indiann|Kilis,  and  II.VI 
lUNCMAMTt  »N,  caji.  of  Rroomc  co.  N.  Y.trom  W\  It  is  on  the  E.  side  ofllie  Wal.ash. 
stands  at  the  junction  of  the  Cheiian{ro  aiidj  CRAWFORDSVII.EI',!.  andea|).ol'.Mniii. 
Siis(|iiehannah,  instead  of  the  Chenanfro  and;  jromery  eo.  In.  11  m.  NW.  from  Indianapolis, 
I'liadilla,  as  stated  in  tlu!  Ixidy  of  the  work.  and  (il7  from  W.  1(.  is  on  the  direct  road 
MliAC'K  R(X"K',  V.  for  "  Niaj^Jira  co.  N.Y."  j  from  In(lianii|)olis  to  ( 'ovintjion. 


read,  Krir  co.  The  following  Black  Rock  is 
a  du|ilicule  of  this. 

BLOOMINGTON,  t.  and  cap.of  M'Lcan 
CO.  II. 

BEOOMFIELD,  t.  Somerset  ca  Me.  Pop. 
1,072. 

BLOOMING  fJROVE,  t.  Richland  co.  Ohio. 
Pop.  in  1K30,  .')7.3. 

BLOUNTHVILLE,"  t.  and  cap.  of  Blount 


DA.MASCrS,  t.  and  cap.  of  Henry  co. 
Ohio,  Hil  III.  from  Coliimliiis,  and  la5  from  W. 

DANVH.LE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Vcrtaiillion  co. 
II.  1;'>0  111.  NE.  from  Vandalia,  (iH3  from  W. 
on  Vermillion  river,  near  the  boundary  of  In- 
diana. 

DEFIANCE,  t.  and  cap-  of  Williams  co. 
Ohio,  in  the  NW.  corner  of  the  state,  MT)  in. 
from  Columbus,  511  from  W.     Pop.  52. 


♦  # 


170 


ni'lT.TiH,  I.  atitl  rnp.  urAlirln 
I7H  III.  SK.  0(1111  'riiliiiluiHMr. 

DKMMII,  t.  mill  rH|i.  of  Ciirroll  oi.  In.  HH 
in.  (Vntii  liiiliiiiiiiiHiliM,  mikI  <i)il  IrDiii  \V. 

l';i)VVAI{|)SI!l'l{(t,  t.  tind  <'ii|i.  ol'  ( 'iimn  ro. 
IV1irlii|riiti,  Kill  Ml,  rriiiii  l>i  triiil,  niiil  (il.'i  t'riiiii 
\V.  It  JH  ill  III)'  SVV.  |.iiit  <.l"  III!'  Tirrilory, 
iii-nr  till'  iKninilurv  <>t  linliiiiia. 

Klil'AMTY.f.  im.l  inp.  (.'allatin  vo.  II. 
137  III.  SK.  tVdiii  Viiiiiliilin. 

FAYK'l"!"!';  t.   niul  <a|i.   of  Mow.inl  rn, 

IMiwi.  (W  in.  N.  from  J.  C.  mid  1,017  rnini  W. 

FAKMINti'l'tlN,  t.  mill  •  Mp.  ..f  St.  Iniii- 

(^oIm  ro.  jVIiiMi.  I.'i2  ni.  SI),  froiii  .1.  ('.  iinil  ilTJ 

from  W. 

FMKNANDIIVA,  t.  and  caji.  of  NuHNaii  ro. 
Horidn,  in  tlio  NM.  coriirr  of  tin-  liTril<iry,  at 
tlio  iiiontli  of  St,  Mary'H  rivrr,  31')  in.  i'roiii 
TnlliiliaNW,  (indK-tl  from  W, 

FINDLAY,  t.  iiiid  can.  "''  H'lnrocli  ro. 
OliiiS  114  ni.  fruin  CoIuiiiIiuh,  iiiid  502  from 
W,     Pop,  .W, 

Fl'IiTi  )N,  t,  and  rap,  of  Cnilaway  co,  Miso, 
.32  m,  N.  from  J.  (',  ami  !)(;7  from  W. 

<i.\LKNA,  t.  and  rap.of  .loc  DuvicHS  co,  II. 
It  JH  Hiluutcd  in  tlii*  N\V,  ri.riiir  of  IlllnoiH,  on 
Fever  river,  a  few  miles  from  its  month,  and 
was  first  settled  in  lH2fi,  It  \va»  ori};iiiut<'d 
liy  t)ic  exteiiRivo  ami  rich  Iciid-miiuH  in  its 
vicinity,  and  won  iin  oiit|K)st  of  lirtwccn  3  and 
'100  miicB  advance  info  the  wilderness,  NW, 
of  St.  Louis.  Tile  populntion  now  umonnts  to 
near  1,000  iiilialutaiit«.  Tliere  arc  12  stores 
and  waro-liouses,  and  alniiit  2,')((  dwclling- 
liou.ses.  There  is  a  weekly  joiiriiii!  piihlislicd 
here,  and  it  has  a  coiirt-hoiise  and  jail,  I'iHy 
Rteuin-boat  arrivals  arc  the  annual  average  li)r 
tliR  two  last  yeurH;  and  nlioiit  ten  millinn 
jioiinds  of  lend  arc  aimnnlly  e.\|)ortcd  from  this 
pl.-icc.  Thi!  |H)pulation  in  the  \icinily  is  esti- 
mated at  10,000.  It  iH.3i2(l  m,  NNW.  from 
Vondulia,  about  3'>0  from  St.  Louis,  and  U!iO 
fromW. 

fJAS(X)NADE,  t.  and  rap,  of  (Jasconade 
CO,  Miso,  17  m.  K.  from  .f.V.  and  \W  from  W, 
(JILKAI),  t,  and  cap,  ('alhouii  co,  II,  sit- 
imlcd  between   the    INIississipjii   and    Illinois 
rivcru,  a  few  miles  alxive  their  confluence, 
(iUKKNK,  t.  Stark  co.  ( )liio.     Top,  H.'i. 
CIUOKNF,  t,  Chenaiiffo  co.  N.  Y.  12  in.  S. 
from  Norwich,  120  WSW.  from  Albany.  Fop. 
2,!li;2. 

(7REENFIELT),  t.  Saratoga  co.  N.Y.  12 
111,  N,  from  lioUaton,  3(!  N,  from  Albany. 
Fop.  3,\r>]. 

(JliFFNFIELI),  V.  of  llifrhlaiid  co.  Olii.i, 
22  111.  VV,  from  Chillicothe,  and  71  NK,  from 
Cincinnati,     Pop,  .31)0. 

(iREENFIKIil),  t,  and  cap,  of  Hancock  co. 
In,  21  m,  F,  from  ludiunaiiolis,  and  ^>.r2 
from  W. 

(JREENFIRLD,  t,  and  cap,  of  Franklin 
CO,  Mass,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  (  oiiucelient, 
21  ni,  N,  of  Nortlmmiiton,  !).'">  VVNW.  of  Mos- 
ton,  and  31)6  from  W.  The  villaf,'e  is  situated 
li  m.  from  the  river,  in  a  pleasant  .ind  fertile 
tract  of  country.  It  is  liaiidsomcly  Iniiit,  and 
Iiaa  considerable  trade.     Po|),  \fi'U). 

GREENFIELD,    t.  of   Hillsborough    co. 


('(UmiKTIONS  AND  ADDITIONH. 

I  Co.  I'liirida 


N.  II.  M  III.  NW.from  Amherst, r.SW.  from 
( 't'liciird.     Pop.  !llli. 

liKKFNLA.ND.t.ofRorkinfrhamcn.  N.  II. 
.*<.  ot"  (iri'at  Miiy,  .I  iii.  SW,  from  PortNiMiiiitli, 
I.on,  7ti    r,\'  W.;  lal.  13    .3'  N.     Pop.  Ilsl. 

<;RI:|;N  MOI'NTAIN.S  ranee  of  moim. 
tains,  wliieli  eummeiieo  in  Canada,  and  I'x- 
feiid  !<.  tlirotifjli  N'eriiionl,  .VIiiHHaclmiietts,  and 
Coiiiirctinit.  They  divide  the  waters  wliiiJi 
How  into  the  Connecticut,  from  those  which 
tlow  into  Luke  Cliamplain  and  the  lliidsoii. 
Amoiiir  thi<  hicrhi'Nt  siimmits  in  Vermont,  are 
Miiiisfirld  Mitimtain,  Caiiiers  Rniiip,  and  Kill- 
inirtoii  Peak  ;  and  in  MussailmsrttM,  Saddle, 
lloosae,  and  \VaKliiii<;loii  Mountains.  West 
Risk,  near  New  Haven,  Ct.  in  the  Doutherii 
teriniiialioii  of  jhe  chain. 

(•RI')I')N(K 'K,  t.  and  cap.  of  Crittenden  ro. 
Arkansas,  KIH  m.  t'roiii  Litik'  Ris-k.  It  is 
situated  on  tlii!  Mississippi  river,  a  few  miles 
aiiove  Mem|iiiis,  in  Tennessee. 

taiEEN  RIVER,  risi-K  in  Vermont,  and 
joiiiH  Derrliild  rivnr,  in  Heerficld,  Mass. 

(iREENSIU'RC,  t.  and  cap.  of  Decatur  co. 
In.  iiH  III.  SE.  from  Indiana[M)li.s,  and  .'i23 
from  \V.     Pop.  L.'ilO, 

(iREENVILI.E,  t.  and  rap.  of  Rond  co.  II. . 
20  111.  SW.  from  Vandalia,  and  WH  from  W, 
It  is  on  the  frrval  national  road, 

(JREENVH.LE,  t,  and  cap,  of  Wayne  eo, 
Miso.  200  ni.  SE.  from  J.C.nnd  OOH  from  W. 

CREENVILLE,  t.  and  ciji.  Darke  co. 
Ohio,  in  the  western  jiart  of  the  state,  103  m. 
from  Cohimlitis,  and  .'iOI  from  \V.     Pop.  1(!0. 

IIARRIS|{l'R(;,  t.  and  cap.  of  Conway  co. 
Arkansas,  10  in.  NW.  from  Little  Roek,  and 
l,l(l<from  W. 

HARDY,  t.  and  cap.  of  Hardin  co.  Ohio, 
tin  m.  from  Columbus. 

HENNEPIN,  f,  and  cap,  of  Putnam  co.  II, 
situated  on  tiie  Illinois  river, 

IHLLSP.0R0F(;H,  t,  ami  rap,  of  Mont- 
{Toiiiery  eo.  II.  28  ill.  NW.from  Vandalia, and 
8011  from  W. 

HOLIMESVALLEY,  f.  and  rap.  Washincr. 
ton  CO.  I'kirida,  121  m.  VV.  from  Tallahasse, 
mid  .'(71  from  W. 

INDEPENDENCE,  t.  and  rap,  of  Jack- 
son  CO,  Miso,  177  in.  W.  from  .1,  (;.  and  1,I2!> 
from  W, 

JACKSON,  or  Davidsonville,  t,  and  cap,  of 
Lawrence  co  Ark.     See  Davidsonville, 

JACKSONAPOLIS,  t.  and  cap.  of  Jackson 
eo.  Michigan,  88  ni.  W.  from  Detroit,  and  5(53 
from  W. 

JAt'K.SONVILLE,  t,  and  cap.  of  Duval  co, 
Fkirida,  2.'i2  m.  E,  from  'I'allahassc,  on  the 
St.  John's  river,  near  its  mouth. 

JACKSONVILLE,  t.  and  cap.  of  Morgan 
eo.  II,  It  is  IL-i  III,  NW.  from  Vandalia,  ^<37 
frdui  W.  and  alxjiil  12  E,  of  Naplis,  on  tlio 
Illinois  river,  in  a  iMaiitifiil  and  healthy  sce- 
liitn  of  country.  It  is  the  seat  of  Illinois  Col- 
Iigi',  which  was  Ibimded  in  IWK,  and  has  a 
riihd  of  13,000  dollars,  and  Iiuh  from  20  to  30 
students. 

JEl'TERSONTON,  t.  and  rajt.  of  Camden 
ro.  (Jeo.  in  the  SE.  part  of  the  state,  212  iii. 
from  Millcilgevillc,  and  741  from  W. 


('OimWTIUNS 

I.AFAYK'rri:,  l.  .umI  in\>.  of  Ti|i|rr«ii.i.- 
rtk  III.  70  III.  NW.  t'roiii  liiiliiinuiMiliH,  mill  lii'i 
Irniil  W.  (Ill  ihr  Wiiliiixli. 

l.r.VVfS'l'nWN,  I.  iiikI  iii|i.  of  M..itii,'tiMi 
iry   I'll.  Mixo.  I>7  in.  K.  iVoiii  J.  ('.  and  Uli'-i 
In  (111  W. 

M'll'lll'IKLI),  t.  and  cu|i.  mI' Juukwin  m. 
ArkiiMsiiH. 

l.(M;AN.«<rORT,  t.  mill  (MiLofCoMN  c.i.  In. 

IM.\<'KIN'  AC,  I.  Mini  ('ii|>.  itt'Mirliilliiiiiirki- 
imr  I'll.  .Mii-lniriin,  'A'M  in.  NW.  from  iHtruit, 
iinil  H|7  rriiin  W. 

AIACKIN.WV,  t.  Olid  cup.  of  Tu/.!wi  II  CO. 
II.  I  I!)  III.  N.  t'niin  Vnnilaliii,  niul  7:il)  Ihiiii  W. 
on  Aliiokiiiuw  river,  wliii:li  tlnw.i  into  tlir  llli- 
iioiM  river. 

AIAKIANNA,  I.  iinil  caii.  of  JackNoii  co. 
Wi'Ht  l''lorii!u,  77  in.  NW.  from  'ralluiiuhHc, 
!CJ7  from  W. 

.MAYSVII.I.K,  t.  ami  cap.  of  Clayco.  II. 
Ki  III.  SK.  from  Viiiulilia,  utid  7  10  from  W. 

iM'CnNM;i,.SVll,|,|':,  t.  anil  cap.  of  Mor- 
Kan  CO.  Ohio,  7(1  in.  SK.  fruin  ( Viliiinhii.s,  and 
."Md  Irnm  W.     I'op.  :;.')i7. 

.MKNO.MIMK,  t.  and  ca|^  of  Urown  co. 
IVIicliiiran,  on  (lie  W.  Hide  of  Winncimt'o  I,akc. 

.MlCCO'l'OWN,  t.  and  cap.of  lliuniitonco. 
Hoiida. 

MIDDI.KTOWN,  U  and  cup.  of  Henry  co. 
lllinoiH. 

.MIIJiKRSHCKC,  t.  and  cap.  of  lIohncH  CO. 
<  )liio,  ill  till!  iniddlt!  pjirt  of  the  Htute,  HO  in. 
from  CoIuiiiImis,  and  .111  from  W.     Top. 'U!(. 

.Mt  )N'ri('KI.I,(),  t.  uiul  cap.  of  Jellersoii  co. 
Florida,  ~'!l  m.  NK.  from  'raiialiasw, 

.MOU'i'ONSVIIJJ';,  t.  W.xxllbrd  co.  Ken. 
'JO  III.  S.  from  Frankfort. 

Ml 'N( ■¥'!'( )WN,  t.  and  cuj..  of  Deluwuro 
CO.  In.  ,VJ  in.  NK.  frnni  Iiidiaiia|)o!iM,  :iiid  rA(> 
from  W.  It  irt  niliiated  on  While  river,  in  the 
I'],  part  of  the  .state. 

NASIIVILLK,  t.  iuid  cap.of  Wiwhiugton 
CO.  II.  a  ft'w  miles  S.  of  (''ovin^ton. 

NKWARK,  t.  FsKcx  co.  N.J.  Fop.  10,:)53. 
Sec  tliiM  article  in  tlic  IxMly  of  the  work. 

NKW  LISBON,  t.  undcap.Coluinbiiuia  co. 

<Hiio.     Top.  >.l''^- 

NKWMAKKKT,  t.  Washin-ton  co.  Ken. 
•iT)  III.  S.  from  Franklbrt,  and  GOO  from  W. 
I'op.  43. 

NEWPORT,  t.  and  rap.  of  Vermillion  co. 
Indiana,  86  in.  W.  from  Indianu|Hjli.s  uiid  G5H 
from  W. 


AND  ADDITinNH. 


471 


N I  r.l'!S,  I.  mid  lap.  of  lit  rrieii  ro.  Mii  Ini^an, 
17!)  ni.  from  Ihlinil,  icimI  ImI  IVmih  W.  It  in 
on  St.  .lost  |i|i'n  rivi  r,  near  the  SW.  corner  of 
Mieliiiran. 

NORTH  MilFRTY,  t.  J<  HNainiiie  eu.  Ki  ii. 
I'oi^  ti-'. 

Norwich,  I.  ami  r»p.  of  Cheniiii|;ii  to. 
N.  Y.  I'op.  ■'1,77 1.  S«'c  tliirt  urliile  in  tliu 
IkmIv  oI'  till'  Imok. 

I'ADFCAH,  f.  M'Crackin  ro.  Ken.  !»7:i  in. 
SW.  from  FrankKirt,  H17*froni  W.  Top. 
111.-.. 

r ATTFRSt )N,  t.  Fhwx  co.  N.J.  Pop.  7,7:U. 
Sei^  tiiia  urtieli'  in  the  ImmIv  of  the  JNiok. 

PKNNSYI.VAMA.— In  the  lahleof  conn. 
ticH  ,'ind  eomil y  towiiM,  pai;e  71),  the  3  (uUowiiijj 
coiintiex  hIioiiIiI  reati  iImim: 

Wiirrrn,  \*,\>.  in  iKiO,  I,!I7(;;  in  IMO,  4,706, 
t  'hief  lowii  Warren. 

\V<iHhinL'ti>n,  |K.p.  in  iHiJIt,  -|0,0.18;  in  1830, 
l:2,Hill.     Chief  town,  WaHliinjfton. 

Intuntro,  |iop.  in  1K;20,  l.'.M.'i;  in  1830, 
!»,1L'H.     Chiiif  town,  Franklin. 

PI':oRIA,  CO.  anil  t.  N.  part  i-f  lilinoit. 

PrrcHFR,  t.  Chcnonxo  co.  N.  Y.  Pop. 
l,',»ll. 

SAI.VISA,  t.  Merc,  r  ro.  Ken.  ',>!  in.  S.  from 
Frankfort,  and  .'■|7^>  troin  W.     Pop.  7H. 

SPRINCa-'IFIJ),  t.  and  cap.  of  Sun^anioin 
CO.  II.  71*  ni.  NW.  from  Vundolia,  and  807 
from  W. 

ST.  MARY'S,  t.  and  caj..  of  Mercer  co. 
Ohio,  in  the  W.  [lurt  of  the  Ntate,  111  in.  from 
ColiimhiiH,  and  .VW  from  W.     Po  .  !I'J. 

SYDNI'lY,  I.  find  cap.  of  Siieil.y  eo.  Ohio, 
HG  m.  NW.  from  CohmihiiH,  ai.d  IWi  Iroiii  W. 
Pop.  :;>I0. 

TARIX'OOPY,  t.  andcup.of  St.  Jo«tph  co. 
in  the;  N.  part  of  Indiaim. 

TIK  )RN'1'(  )WN,  t.  and  cnp.  of  Uoon  co.  In. 
(i3  III.  NW.  from  Iiidianu()oli8,  and  Gi^O  from 
VVasliinj:lon. 

VKRMH.I.IONVH.hK,  t.  and  cap.  of  La- 
fiiyette  CO.  I,.i.  lll'J  in.  W.  from  New  Orleans, 
and  1,.'{."»I  from  W. 

VIM.FMt  )NT,  t.  and  cap.  of  Chic.t  co.  Ar- 
kansiiH,  ill  the  SK.  jiarl  of  the  territory,  184 
III.  from  liillle  Rnt-k,  and  IJ.'M  from  W. 

WAP.\(;ilKONI':TTA,l.andcap.ofAllcn 
CO.  in  tlic  W.  part  of  Ohio,  110  m.  from  Co- 
Imnhiis,  and  ■')II7  from  W. 

WElllJVlLLK,  t.  Jackson  co.  Florida. 


•J'UK  END. 


